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Keokuk 



THE 



HISTORY 



LEE COUNTY, 



t 



I O T^ ^ 



CONTAINING 



jl !|i$iar^ uf ll^i SuttnJ^, ti$ Sttte$, lumtt$, let., 



A Biographical Directory of Citizens, War Record of its Vol 

unteers in the late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, 

Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, 

History of the Northwest, History of lov/a. 

Map of Lee County, Constitution of 

the United States, Miscellaneous 

Matters, &c. 



ini.IjTJSTI5-.A-TE i:> 



CHICAGO : 
WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY, 

1879. 



Entered, according to Act ol Congress, in the year 1870, by 

THE WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



■a'- 



PREFACE. 



"VTEARLY sixty years have come and gone since Dr. Samuel C. Muir built a house 
JL^ at Puck-e-she-tuck as a permanent home for his Indian wife and children, and 
almost half a century has been added to the pages of time since white men began to 
exercise dominion in the land of the Sacs and Foxes. These years were full of change 
and of history, and, had some of the vigorous minds and ready pens of the early set- 
tlers been directed to the keeping of a chronological journal of events, the record woulii 
be invaluable to the local historian of the present. With such help, it would be a 
comparatively easy task to write a reliable and correct history. Without such aid, the 
undertaking is a difficult one, and the difficulty is materially increased by reason of the 
absence of nearly all the pioneer fathers and mothers. 

Of those who came here in pursuit of homes and fortunes between 1833 and 1840, 
but few are left to greet those who now come to write the local history of their county — 
a county second to none in the great State of Iowa in point of historic interest. The 
struggles, changes and vicissitudes that fifty years evoke are as trying to the minds as to 
the bodies of men. Physical and mental strength waste away together beneath accu- 
mulating years, and the memory of names, dates and important events becomes buried in 
the confusion brought by time and its restless, unceasing mutations. Circumstances 
that were fresh in memory ten and twenty years after their occurrence are almost, if not 
entirely, forgotten when fifty years have gone ; or, if not entirely lost from the mind, 
are so nearly so that, when recalled by one seeking to preserve them in printed pages, 
their memory comes slowly back, more like the recollections of a midnight dream than 
an actual occurrence in which they were partial, if not active, participants and prominent 
actors. The footprint of time leaves its impressions and destroying agencies upon 
everything, and hence it would be unreasonable to suppose that the annals, incidents and 
happenings of almost half a century in a community like that whose history we have 
attempted to write, could be preserved intact and unbroken in memory alone. 

In the absence of written records, recourse was had to the minds of such of the 
Pioneers and Old Settlers as have been spared to see the wilds of 1820 and 1833 eman- 
cipated from Indian hunting-grounds and camping-places and made the abode of thrift, 
wealth, intelligence, refinement, of schools, colleges, churches and cities, of the highest 
order. In seeking to supply missing links in the county's history by personal inter- 
views, difterent individuals rendered different and conflicting, although honest and 
sincere, accounts of the same events and circumstances. To sift these statements and 
arrive at the most reasonable and tangible conclusions was a delicate task, but a task 
we sought to discharge with the single purpose of writing of incidents as they actually 
transpired. If, in such a multiplicity of names, dates, etc., some errors are not detected, 
it will be strange indeed. But, such as it is, our offering is completed, and it only 



PREFACE. 

remains for us to acknowledge our obligations to the gentlemen named below for the 
valuable information furnished by them, without which this history of Lee County 
would not be so nearly perfect as it is : 

To Isaac R. Campbell and Nathan Smith, Esqs., of St. Francisville, Mo. ; 
Capt. James W. Campbell, Hon. Philip Viele, Judge John Whitaker, JoNAt< 
S. Knapp, John G. Kennedy, Otway Cutler, R. McFarland, Charles J. 
Hyde. A. L. Rice, xIaron Johnson, Peter Miller, Sr., and others, of Fort 
Madison, and vicinity; Valencourt Yanausdol, Henry D. Bartlett. Col. James 
C. Parrott, Israel Anderson, Judge Edward Johnstone, Hon. Daniel F. 
Miller, Sr., Col. William Patterson, Col. James Monroe Reid and others, of 
Keokuk; Alexander Cruickshank, Esq., of Franklin Township; John 0. Smith, 
Esq.. of Denmark; William Skinner, Esq., of Jefierson Township; A. W. Harlan, 
Esq., of Van Buren Township ; R. W. Pitman, of West Point, and D. C. Riddick, 
Es<(., of Montrose; L. B. Fleak, Esq., editor of the Brighton (lowa^ Sun, and 
Col. J. B. Patterson, editor of the Oquawka (111.) Spectator, this paragraph of 
acknowledgment is, therefore, respectfully inscribed. 

To the press of Fort Madison and Keokuk — Dr. A. C. Roberts, of the Democrat, 
and Messrs. Tremaine & Dawley, of the Plaindealer, and R. V. Albright, Esq., 
the founder of the Courier, and to Messrs. HowELL & Clark, of Gate City, and 
Messsrs. Smith, Clendenin & Rees, of the Constitution, we are under obligations for 
the use of the well-preserved files of their respective papers, and other journalistic 
courtesies. Our thanks are also due to the county ofl&cers for free access to the books 
and records of their sevei'al offices ; and to the city and various township authorities, as- 
well as to the ministers and official representatives of the various churches, and the 
Principals and teachers of the schools of the county, for statistical and historical infor- 
mation, without which this volume would be incomplete. To the parties named above 
is due, in a great measure, whatever of merit may be ascribed to this undertaking. 

To the people of the county in general, and the citizens of Fort Madison and Keo- 
kuk in particular, our most grateful considerations are due for their universal kindness 
and courtesy to our r epresentatives and agents ta^whom was intrusted the labor of col- 
lecting and arranging the information herein preserved to that posterity that will come 
in the not far distant by-and-by to fill the places of the fathers and mothers, so many of 
whose names and honorable biographies are to be found in the pages of this book. 

In conclusion, the publishers and writers can but express the hope that, before 
another fifty years will have passed, other and abler minds will have taken up and 
recorded the historical events that will follow after the close of this offering to the 
people of Lee County, that the annalistic literature of county may be fully preserved 
and maintained intact and unbroken from county to nation. 

Western Historical Company. 
April. 1879. 



CONTENTS. 



HISTORY NORTHWEST ABilD STATE OF IOWA. 



Page. 

History Northwest Territory 19 

Geographical Position 19 

Early Explorations 20 

Discovery of the Ohio 33 

English Explorations and Set- 
tlements 35 

American Settlements 60 

Division of the Northwest Ter- 
ritory 66 

Tecumseh and the War of 1812 70 
Black Hawk and the Black 

Hawk War 74 

Other Indian Troubles 79 

Present Condition of the North- 
west 86 

Chicago 95 

Illinois.... 257 

Indiana 259 

Iowa 260 

Michigan 263 

Wisconsin 264 

Minnesota 266 

Nebraska 267 

History of Iowa : • 

Geographical Situation 109 

Topography 109 

Drainage System 110 



Page. 
History ol Iowa : 

Kivers Ill 

Lakes 118 

Springs '. 119 

Prairies 120 

Geology 120 

Climatology 137 

Discovery and Occupation 139 

Territory 147 

Indians 147 

Pike's Expedition 151 

Indian Wars 152 

Black Hawk War 157 

Indian Purchase, Reserves and 

Treaties... 159 

Spanish Grants 163 

Half-Breed Tract 164 

Early Settlenients...*.; ..T66' 

Territorial History 173 

Boundary Question 177 

State Organization 181 

Growth and Progress 185 

Agricultural College and Farm.186 

State University 187 

State Historical Society 193 

Penitentiaries 194 



Page 
History of Iowa: 

Insane Hospitals 195 

College for the Blind 197 

Deaf and Dumb Institution 199 

Soldiers' Orphans' Homes 199 

State Normal School 201 

Asylum for Feeble Minded 

Children 201 

Reform School 202 

Fish Hatching Establishment..203 

Public Lands 204 

Public Schools 218 

Political Kecord 223 

War Kecord 229 

Infantry 233 

Cavalry 244 

Artillery 247 

Miscellaneous 248 

Promotions from Iowa Reg- 
iments 249 

Number Casualties — Officers.250 
Number Casualties — Enlist- 
ed Men 252 

Number Volunteers 254 

Population 255 

Agricultural Statistics 320 



AlBSTRAtT or IOWA STATE LAWS. 



Page. 

Adoption of Children 303 

Bills of Exchange and Promissory 

Notes 293 

Commercial Terms 305 

Capital Punishment 298 

Charitable, Scientific aud Religious 

Associations 316 

Descent •. 293 

Damages from Trespass 300 

Exemptions from Execution 298 

Estrays 299 

Forms : 

Articles of Agreement 307 

Bills of Sale 308 

Bond for Deed 315 

Bills of Purchase 306 



Page. 
Forms : 

Chattel Mortgage 314 

Confession of Judgment 306 

Lease 312 

Mortgages 310 

Notice to Quit 309 

Notes 306,313 

Orders 306 

Quit Claim Deed 315 

Receipts 306 

Wills and Codicils 309 

Warranty Deed 314 

Fences 300 

Interest 293 

Intoxicating Liquors 317 

Jurisdiction of Courts 297 



Page. 

Jurors 297 

Limitation of Actions 297 

Landlord and Tenant 304 

Married Women 298 

Marks and Brands 300 

Mechanics' Liens 301 

Koads and Bridges ; 302 

Surveyors and Surveys 303 

Suggestions to Persons Purchasing 
Books by Subscription 319 

I Support of Poor 303 

Taxes 295 

Wills and Estates 293 

Weights and Measures 305 

I Wolf Scalps 300 



Page. 

Mouth of the Mississippi 21 

Source of the Mississippi 21 

Wild Prairie 23 

La Salle Landing on the Shore of 

Green Bay 25 

Buffalo Hunt 27 

Trapping 29 

Hunting 32 

Iroquois Chief 34 

Pontiac, the Ottawa Chieftain 43 

Indians Attacking Frontiersmen.. 56 
A Prairie Storm 59 



Page. 

Map of Lee County Front. 

Constitution of United States 269 

Vote for President, Governor and 

Congressmen. 283 

Practical Rules for Every-Day Use..284 
United States Government Land 



ILiIilJSTRATIONS. 

Page. 

A Pioneer* Dwelling 61 

Breaking Prairie 63 

Tecumseh, the Shawanoe Chieftain 69 

Indians Attacking a Stockade 72 

Black Hawk, the Sac Chieftain 75 

Big Eagle 80 

Captain Jack, the Modoc Chieftain 83 

Kinzie House 85 

A Representative Pioneer 86 

Lincoln Monument 87 

A Pioneer School House 88 



MIS€EL.L, 4NK01J!«». 

Page. 

Surveyor's Measure 288 

How to Keep Accounts 288 

Interest Table 289 

Miscellaneous Tai'le 289 

Names of the States of the Union 
and their Significations 290 



Measure 287 I Population of the United States 291 



Page 

Pioneers' First Winter 94 

Great Iron Bridge of C, R. I. & P. 
R. R., Crossing the Mississippi at ■ 

• Davenport, Iowa , 91 

Chicago in 1833 95 

Old Fort Dearborn, 1830 98 

Present Site Lake Street Bridge, 

Chicago. 1833 98 

Ruins of Chicago 104 

View of the City of Chicago 106 

Hunting Prairie Wolves 268 



Page 
Population of Fifty Principal Cities 

of the United States 291 

Population and Area of the United 

States 292 

Population of the Principal Coun- 
tries in the World 292 



CONTENTS. 



HISTORT OF LE^ OOUXTY. 



Page. 

Discovery of lowii 324 

Footpiiiite oil the Sands of Time. ..325 

The Aboriginal 0ccui)ant8 326 

Condition of tlie Country 60 Years 

Ago 328 

KecolU'ctions of Valenconrt Van- 

ausdol 333 

Black Hawk War 336 

Black Hawk Purchase 347 

Other Purchases 347 

Last Dajs of the Indians Trr..34S 

Peraonal Sketches, Character- 
istics, etc 34S 

Black Hawk and his Wife 348 

Wapello and other Chiefs 350 

Anecdote of Pashapaho 358 

Miscellaneous Pleasantries, etc.359 

Wapello's Death 375 

Ka-Ija-Wa-Quois 375 

Possessing the Land 377 

The Pioneer Era 377 

Fort Des Moines , 381 

Relics 382 

Personal Sketches and Anec- 
dotes 382 

First Iowa Counties 384 

First Election 384 

First Court 381 

Settlers of 1835 and 1836 385 

German Pioneer Settlers 392 

Fragments 398 

Indian Gluttony — Hominy- 
Blocks and Log Cabins — 
Wild Game — First Crops— 
.\musements of the Pio- 
neers, etc 398 

Pioneer Times in Skinner'g^^ 

Neighborhood 402 

(Joingto Mill under Difficulties405 

A Pione<!r Dog 405 

Denmark Settlement 406 

Rail-Pen Habitations, etc 406 

Frontier (Generosity 407 

A Preacher in the Wildorness.40S 
Gleanings from the Memory of A. 

W. Harlan 410 

Wisconsin Territory 413 

Physical Geography 415 

Geology 418 

Coal-Measures 420 

Economical Geology 426 

Ancient Mounds 427 

Entomology 42S1 

Political Economy 430 

Starting the County Machinery430 

First Election 431 

First Meeting of Board of Su- 
pervisors 431 



Page. 
Political Economy — 

Roads and Highways 432 

Last Orders 434 

County (commissioners — 434 

Second Election 435 

Violations of the License 

Law 43U 

County Jail 4.37 

Iowa Territory 437 

Government Lands 439 

Making and Protecting Claim8.4:39 
Land Sales — Squatters and 

Speculators 440 

County Seat on Wheels 443 

Franklin 443 

Fort Madison 445 

First Election 445 

Second Election 445 

Erection of the Court House. ..416 

West Point 446 

A Scheme to Divide the County. ...418 
Another County Seat Contest — Fort 

Madison Victorious 449 

A Dying Kick — Keokuk Placated 

—Notes 450 

Financial Exhibit 450 

Organization of Townships 451 

E.\it Territorial Dependency 453 

State of Iowa 454 

From one Extreme to Another 455 

District Court .459 

Criminal Mention 461 

Mormouism and Mormon Outrages.465 

Jo Smith 465 

Danite Band 468 

Murder of Miller and Leiza ...470 

The Hodges 473 

Expulsion of the Mormons 477 

Old Settlers' Association 483 

First Annual Re-union 486 

At Pitman Grove 487 

At Sargent's Grove 488 

At Keokuk Fair-Grounds 490 

At Warren Station 490 

Capt. Campbell's Address 493 

Old Times Come Again 500 

Present Officers 505 

Agricultural 505 

Races and Stock-Show 506 

Lee County Agricultural So- 
ciety 506 

Railroads 507 

Aid to Railroads 508 

Keokuk, Dos Moines & Minne- 
sota Railroad 610 

Keokuk, Blount Pleasant & 
Muscatine Railroad 510 



Pao b_ 
Railroads — 

Logansport, Peoria & Warsaw 

Railroad 51 1 

Burlington & Southwestern 

Railroad 511 

, Missouri, Iowa and Nebraska 

i Railroad '. 511 

I Fort Madison & Northwestern 

Narrow-Gauge 512 

1 St Louis, Keokuk & Northern 

Railroad 512 

Disposition of the Railroad 

Aid 512 

I First Railroad Ticket-Office 512 

Plankroad ". 512 

I Des Moines Rapids .513 

The Canal 513 

Old-time River Craft 515 

The Lightering Period 515 

Keelboats 516 

Flatboats -. 516 

Steamboats .516 

The Railroad 517 

' Des Moines River Improvement 517 

I Half-Breed Tract 529 

1 Press 531 

First Iowa Newspapers 5.31 

Fort Madison Papers .i.32 

Keokuk Papers 534 

West Point Paper 539 

! Educational Interests 539 

! Pioneer Lawyers 542 

Political Parties 544 

[ Official Roster 545 

Representatives and Senator8..545 

County Commissioners 546 

County Judges 547 

Board of Supervisors .547 

County Auditors 547 

County Attorneys 547 

Sherifts 547 

Clerks of the District Court 547 

County Treasurers 547 

' Recorders 548 

('ounty Superintendents of 

i Public Instruction 548 

! Miscellaneous 548 

Isaac Galland 548 

Old Spurlock, the Counter- 
feiter 549 

Anti-Horee-Thief Association 551 

War History.. 552 

The First Ofl'ering 556 

At Keokuk 558 

Bounty to the Gray-Beards 564 

Volunteer Soldiery 564 

Roster 5ii5 



HISTORY OF KF.OKIIK. 



Page. 

Early History 615 

Origin of Name 616 

Public Enterprises 626- 

Railroad and Wagon Bridge.. ..626 
Water Works 627 

Fire Department 633 

Gas-Light and Coke Company 634 

Banking Interests 634 

State National Bank r..635 

Keokuk National Hank 635 

Keokuk Savings Bank 635 

Commercial Bank 630 

Insurance Companies 636 

Iowa State Insurance Co 636 

Iowa Life Insurance Co .€.36 

Religious I nterests 636 

Catholic Church '. 636 

First M. E, (Church 637 

Chatham Square M. E.Church.639 
German M. E. ('hurch 639 



Page. 
Religious lntero«ts — | 

Swedish M. B. Church 640 

First African M. E. Church 640 ! 

First Presliyterian Church 641 j 

First Westminster Presbyte- 
rian Church 041 

United Presbyterian Church. ..642 

Congregational Church 643 

Baptist Church 644 

Colored Baptist Churches 645 

Episcopal Church 645 

Unitarian Church 645 

St. Paul's Evangelical Church 

(German) 647 

Congregation of B'nai Israel. ..()47 
Re-organized Church of Jesus 
Christ of Latter-Day Saints..647 

Free-for-AU Church 649 

Temperance Work 050 



Pagk. 

Educational Interests 662 

City Schools 652 

Natural History 653 

Library Association 654 

Commercial College (ViS 

College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons 655 

Secret Societies 656 

Masonic G56 

I. 0. 0. F 658 

Keokuk Veteran Guards 660 

Miscellaneous 661 

Gambrinus 661 

Mills 662 

Iron-Works 662 

Mechanical Enterprise 663 

Ice-Gorge of 1832 663 

Reminder of Old Times 664 

Mayors ()(>4' 



CONTENTS. 



HII^TORV or FORT MAOISON. 



Page. 

Early History 589 

The First Settler 592 

Incidents and Personal Sketches. ..598 

Religious Interests 603 

Presbyterian Church 603 

Methodist Church 604 

Christian Church 604 

Episcopal Church 605 

Catholic Churches 605 

Catholic Schools 606 

Baptist Church 606 

Colored Baptist Church 606 



Page. 
Eeligious Interests — 

German Lutheran and Re- 
formed Church 607 

Evangelical Lutheran, St. 

Paul's Church 607 

Educational Interests 607 

Fire Department 608 

Mills 608 

Potowonok Mills 608 

Old Settlers' Mills 608 

Atlee's Lumber Mills 609 

Weston Mills 610 



Pagh. 

Banking 610 

Concordia Hall 610 

Secret Societies 611 

Masonic 611 

Odd Fellows 611 

Knights of Pythias 012 

A. 0. U. W 612 

Red Ribbon Movement 613 

Plow Works 614 

Breweries 614 



TOWJT HISTORIKIS. 

Page. Page. I Page. 

West Point 664 Nashville 679 Primrose 679 

Denmark 670 i Croton 679 South Franklin 679 

Montrose 6;f&J Pilot Grove 679 Vincenues 679 

Franklin Centre 677 ' St. Paul 679 i Wever 679 

Charleston 678 , j 

BIOGRAHHICAI. TOWNSHIP l>IRKCTORT. 



Page. 

Cedar 823 

Charleston 818 

Denmark 867 

Des Moines 784 

Franklin 774 



Page. ' 

Harrison 766 

Jefferson 788 

Jackson 719 

Keokuk City 681 

Madison 722 



Green Bay 877 Marion 794 



Pack. 

Montrose 757 

Pleasant Ridge 805 

Van Buren 884 

Washington 829 

West Point 853 



l,ITHOGRAPHI€ PORTRAITS. 



Page. 

Atlee. John C, Fort Madison 355 

Atlee, S., " 593 

Angear,J.J. M. " 423 

Bacon, J. H. Jr. " 611 

Beck, J. M. " 279 

Bower. R. F., Keokuk 261 



Page. 

Davis, C. F., Keokuk 627 

Hughes, J. C. " 321 

Henkle, Amos, Van Buren Tp 457 

Hunt, J. P., Charleston Tp 491 

Johnstone, Edward, Keokuk 227 



Page. 

Keokuk Frontispiece 

Pittman, Wm.G., West Point 389 

Rogers, Millard H., Gieen Bay Tp..525 

South, John, Charleston Tp 559 

Skinner, Wm , Jefferson Tp 441 




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The Northwest Territory. 



GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION. 

When the Northwestern Territory was ceded to the United States 
by Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the 
Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers, and north to the northern limits of the 
United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States 
of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of 
Minnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United 
States itself at that period extended no farther west than the Mississippi 
River; but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary 
of the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the 
Northern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National 
domain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the 
*' New Northwest," in contradistinction from the old " Northwestern 
Territory. " 

In comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast 
magnitude. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles ; being greater 
in extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States, 
including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected 
eleven sovereign States and eight Territories, with an aggregate popula- 
tion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of 
the entire population of the United States. 

Its lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the continent 
flow for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far- 
stretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the 
highest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent 
on the globe. 

For the last twenty years the increase of population in the North- 
west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United 
States. 

(19) 



20 THE NOKTHWEST TEERITORY. 



EARLY EXPLORATIONS. 

In the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great West in the New 
World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel 
of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than 
half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence 
to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no 
settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that 
he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and 
disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery 
for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize 
upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by 
DeSoto's defeat. Yet it was more than a century before any adventurer 
took advantage of these discoveries. 

In 1616, four years before the pilgrims " moored their bark on the 
wild New England shore," Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene- 
trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots (Hurons) to the streams which 
run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the 
first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from 
the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian 
envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. IMary, 
below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent 
result; yet it was not until 1659 that any of the adventurous fur traders 
attempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes, 
nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by 
Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude 
Allouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the 
Indians of tlie Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette 
founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two 
years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen- 
eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the 
present Cit}^ of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a 
grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, Avhere the}' were 
taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken 
of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at 
Point St. Igiiatius, where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac. 

During M. Talon's explorations and jMarquette's residence at St. 
Ignatius, they learned of a great river away to the west, and fancied 
— as all others did then — that upon its fertile banks whole tribes of God's 
children resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come. 
Filled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with a 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



21 





22 TBGE NORTHWEST TEKRITO^Y. 

request of M. Talon, who earnestly desired to extend the domain of his 
king, and to ascertain whether the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico 
or the Pacific Ocean, Marquette with Joliet, as commander of the expe- 
dition, prepared for the undertaking. 

On the loth of May, 1673, the explorers, accompanied by five assist- 
ant French Canadians, set out from Mackinaw on their daring voyage of 
discovery. The Indians, who gathered to witness their departure, were 
astonished at the boldness of the undertaking, and endeavored to dissuade 
them from their purpose by representing the tribes on the Mississippi as 
exceedingly savage and cruel, and the river itself as full of all sorts of 
frightful monsters ready to swallow them and their canoes together. But, 
nothing daunted by these terrific descriptions, Marquette told them he 
was willing not only to encounter all the perils of the unknown region 
they were about to explore, but to lay down his life in a cause in which 
the salvation of souls was involved; and having prayed together they 
separated. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, the 
adventurers entered Green Bay, and passed thence up the Fox River and 
Lake Winnebago to a village of the Miamis and Kickapoos. Here Mar- 
quette was delighted to find a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the 
town ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, 
which these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to 
thank him for the pity he had bestowed on them during the Winter in 
giving them an abundant " chase." This was the farthest outpost to 
which Dablon and Allouez had extended their missionary labors the 
year previous. Here Marquette drank mineral waters and was instructed 
in the secret of a root which cures the bite of the venomous rattlesnake. 
He assembled the chiefs and old men of the village, and, pointing to 
Joliet, said : " My friend is an envoy of France, to discover new coun- 
tries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths 
of the Gospel." Two Miami guides were here furnished to conduct 
them to the Wisconsin River, and they set out from the Indian village on 
the 10th of June, amidst a great crowd of natives who had assembled to 
witness their departure into a region where no white man had ever yet 
ventured. The guides, having conducted them across the portage, 
returned. The explorers launched their canoes upon the Wisconsin, 
which they descended to the Mississippi and proceeded down its unknown 
waters. What emotions must have swelled their breasts as they struck 
out into the broadening current and became conscious that they were 
now upon the bosom of ths Father of Waters. The mystery was about 
to be lifted from the long-sought river. The scenery in that locality is 
beautiful, and on that delightful seventeenth of June must have been 
clad in all its primeval loveliness as it had been adorned by the hand of 



THE NORTHWEST TEREITORY. 



2S 



Nature. Drifting rapidly, it is said that the bold bluffs on either hand 
" reminded them of the castled shores of their own beautiful rivers of 
France." By-and-by, as they drifted along, great herds of buffalo appeared 
on the banks. On going to the heads of the valley they could see a 
country of the greatest beauty and fertility, apparently destitute of inhab- 
itants yet presenting the appearance of extensive manors, under the fas- 
tidious cultivation of lordly proprietors. 




THE WILD PRAIRIE. 



On June 25, they went ashore and found some fresh traces of men upon 
the sand, and a path which led to the prairie. The men remained in the 
boat, and Marquette and Joliet followed the path till they discovered a 
village on the banks of a river, and two other villages on a hill, within a 
half league of the first, inhabited by Indians. They were received most 
hospitably by these natives, who had never before seen a white person. 
After remaining a few daj's they re-embarked and descended the river to 
about latitude 33°, where they found a village of the Arkansas, and being 
satisfied that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, turned their course 



24 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

up the river, and ascending the stream to the mouth of the Illinois, 
rowed up that stream to its source, and procured guides from that point 
to the lakes. " Nowhere on this journey," says Marquette, ''did we see 
such grounds, meadows, woods, stags, buffaloes, deer, wildcats, bustards, 
swans, ducks, parroquets, and even beavers, as on the Illinois River." 
The party, without loss or injury, reached Green Bay in September, and 
reported their discovery — one of the most important of the age, but of 
which no record was preserved save Marquette's, Joliet losing his by 
the upsetting of his canoe on his way to Quebec. Afterward Marquette 
returned to the- Illinois Indians by their request, and ministered to them 
until 1675. On the 18th of May, in that year, as he was passing the 
mouth of a stream — going with his boatmen up Lake Michigan — he asked 
to land at its mouth and celebrate Mass. Leaving his men with the canoe, 
he retired a short distance and began his devotions. As much time 
passed and he did not return, his men went in search of him, and found 
him upon his knees, dead. He had peacefuU}' passed away while at 
prayer. He was buried at this spot. Charlevoix, who visited the place 
fifty years after, found the waters had retreated from the grave, leaving 
the beloved missionary to repose in peace. The river has since been 
called Marquette. 

While Marquette and his companions were pursuing their labors in 
the West, two men, differing widely from him and each other, were pre- 
paring to follow in his footsteps and perfect the discoveries so well begun 
by him. These were Robert de La Salle and Louis Hennepin. 

After La Salle's return from the discovery of the Ohio River (see 
the narrative elsewhere), he established himself again among the French 
trading posts in Canada. Here he mused long upon the pet project of 
those ages — a short way to China and the East, and was busily planning an 
expedition up the great lakes, and so across the continent to the Pacific, 
when Marquette returned from the Mississippi. At once the vigorous mind 
of LaSalle received from his and his companions' stories the idea that bj' fol- 
lowing the Great River northward, or by turning up some of the numerous 
western tributaries, the object could easily be gained. He applied to 
Frontenac, Governor General of Canada, and laid before him the plan, 
dim but gigantic. Frontenac entered warmly into his plans, and saw that 
LaSalle's idea to connect the great lakes by a chain of forts with the Gulf 
of Mexico would bind the country so wonderfully together, give un- 
measured power to France, and glory to himself, under whose adminis- 
tration he earnestly hoped all would be realized. 

LaSalle now repaired to France, laid his plans before the King, who 
warmly approved of them, and made him a Chevalier. He also received 
from all the noblemen the warmest wishes for his success. The Ghv'^v- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



25 



alier returned to Canada, and busily entered upon his work. He at 
once rebuilt Fort Frontenac and constructed the first ship to sail on 
these fresh-water seas. On the 7th of August, 1679, having been joined 
by Hennepin, he began his voyage in the Griffin up Lake Erie. He 
passed over this lake, through the straits beyond, up Lake St. Clair and 
into Huron. In this lake they encountered heavy storms. They were 
some time at Michillimackinac, where LaSalle founded a fort, and passed 
on to Green Bay, the " Bale des Puans *' of the French, where he found 
a large quantity of furs collected for him. He loaded the Griffin with 
these, and placing her under the care of a pilot and fourteen sailors. 




LA SALLE LANDING ON THE SHORE OP GREEN BAY. 

started her on her return voyage. The vessel was never afterward heard 
of. He remained about these parts until early in the Winter, when, hear- 
ing nothing from the Griffin, he collected all the men — thirty working 
men and three monks — and started again upon his great undertaking. 

By a short portage they passed to the Illinois or Kankakee, called by 
the Indians, "Theakeke," ivolf, because of the tribes of Indians called 
by that name, commonly known as the Mahingans, dwelling there. The 
French pronounced it KiaJciki, which became corrupted to Kankakee. 
"Falling down the said river by easy journeys, the better to observe the 
country," about the last of December they reached a village of the Illi- 
nois Indians, containing some five hundred cabins, but at that moment 



26 THE NORTHWEST TEERITORY. 

no inhabitants. The Seur de LaSalle being in want of some breadstuffs, 
took advantage of the absence of the Indians to help himself to a sufiQ- 
ciency of maize, large quantities of which he found concealed in holes 
under the wigwams. This village was situated near the present village 
of Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois. The corn being securely stored, 
the voyagers again betook themselves to the stream, and toward evening, 
on the 4tli day of January, 16S0, they came into a lake which must have 
been the lake of Peoria. This was called by the Indians Pim-i-te-wi, that 
is, a place where there are many fat beasts. Here the natives were met 
with in large numbers, but they were gentle and kind, and having spent 
some time with them, LaSalle determined to erect another fort in that 
place, for he had heard rumors that some of the adjoining tribes were 
trying to disturb the good feeling which existed, and some of his men 
were disposed to complain, owing to the hardships and perils of the travel. 
He called this fort "• Crevecoeur"' (broken-heart), a name expressive of the 
very natural sorrow and anxiety which the pretty certain loss of his ship. 
Griffin, and his consequent impoverishment, the danger of hostility on the 
part of the Indians, and of mutiny among his own men, might well cause 
him. His fears were not entirely groundless. At one time poison was 
placed in his food, but fortunately was discovered. 

While building this fort, the Winter wore away, the prairies began to 
look green, and LaSalle, despairing of any reinforcements, concluded to 
return to Canada, raise new means and new men, and embark anew in 
the enterprise. For this purpose he made Hennepin the leader of a party 
to explore the head waters of the Mississippi, and he set out on his jour- 
ney. This journey was accomplished with the aid of a few persons, and 
was successfully made, though over an almost u iknown route, and in a 
bad season of the year. He safely reached Canaia, and set out again for 
the ob.iect of his search. 

Hennepin and his party left Fort Crevecoeur on the last of February, 
1680. When LaSalle reached this place on his return expedition, he 
found the fort entirely deserted, and he was obliged to return again to 
Canada. He embarked the third time, and succeeded. Seven days after 
leaving the fort, Hennepin reached the Mississippi, and paddling up the 
icy stream as best he could, reached no higher than the Wisconsin River 
by the 11th of April. Here he and his followers were taken prisoners by a 
band of Northern Indians, who treated them with great kindness. Hen- 
nepin's comrades were Anthony. Auguel and Michael Ako. On this voy- 
age they found several beautiful lakes, and " saw some charming prairies." 
Their captors were the Isaute or Sauteurs, Chippewas, a tribe of the Sioux 
nation, who took them up the river until about the first of May, when 
they reached some fails, which Hennepin christened Falls of St. Anthony 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



27 



in honor of his patron saint. Here they took the land, and .traveling 
nearly two hundred miles to the north v/est, brought them to their villages. 
Here they were kept about three months, were treated kindly by their 
captors, and at the end of that time, were met by a band of Frenchmen. 





BUFFALO HUNT. 

headed by one Seur de Luth, who, in pursuit of trade and game, had pene- 
trated thus far by the route of Lake Superior ; and with these fellow- 
countrymen Hennepin and his companions were allowed to return to the 
borders of civilized life in November, 1680, just after LaSalle had 
returned to the wilderness on his second trip. Hennepin soon after went 
to France, where he published an account of his adventures. 



28 THE NORTHWEST TERRITOEY. 

The Mississippi was first discovered by De Soto in April, 1541, in his 
vain endeavor to find gold and precious gems. In the following Spring, 
De Soto, weary with hope long deferred, and worn out with his wander- 
ings, he fell a victim to disease, and on the 21st of May died. His followers, 
reduced by fatigue and disease to less than three hundred men, wandered 
about the country nearly a year, in the vain endeavor to rescue them- 
selves by land, and finally constructed seven small vessels, called brigan- 
tines, in which they embarked, and descending the river, supposing it 
w^ould lead them to the sea, in July they came to the sea (Gulf of 
Mexico), and by September reached the Island of Cuba. 

They were the first to see the great outlet of the Mississippi ; but, 
being so weary and discouraged, made no attempt to claim the country, 
and hardly had an intelligent idea of what they had passed through. 

To La Salle, the intrepid explorer, belongs the honor of giving the 
£rst account of the mouths of the river. His great desire was to possess 
this entire country for his king, and in January, 1682, he and his band of 
explorers left the shores of Lake Michigan on their third attempt, crossed 
the portage, passed down the Illinois River, and on the 6th of February, 
reached the banks of the Mississippi. 

On the 13th they commenced their downward course, which they 
pursued with but one interruption, until upon the 6th of March they dis- 
covered the three great passages by which the river discharges its waters 
into the gulf. La Salle thus narrates the event: 

" We landed on the bank of the most western channel, about three 
leagues (nine miles) from its mouth. On the seventh, M. de LaSalle 
went to reconnoiter the shores of the neighboring sea, and M. de Tonti 
meanwhile examined the great middle channel. They found the main 
outlets beautiful, large and deep. On the 8th we reascended the river, a 
little above its confluence with the sea, to find a dry place beyond the 
re:^\\ of inundations. The elevation of the North Pole was here about 
twenty-seven degrees. Here we prepared a column and a cross, and to 
the column were afSxed the arms of France with this inscription : 

Louis Le Grand, Roi De France et de Navarre, regne ; Le neuvieme Avril, 16S2. 

The whole party, under arms, chanted the Te Deum, and then, after 
a salute and cries of " Vive le Roi," the column Avas erected by M. de 
La Salle, who, standing near it, proclaimed in a loud voice the authority of 
the King of France. LaSalle returned and laid the foundations of the Mis- 
sissippi settlements in Illinois, thence he proceeded to France, where 
another expedition was fitted out, of which he was commander, and in two 
succeeding voyages failed to find the outlet of the river by sailing along 
the shore of the gulf. On his third voyage he was killed, through the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



29 



treachery of his followers, and the object of his expeditions was not 
accomplished until 1699, when D'lberville, under the authority of the 
crown, discovered, on the second of March, by way of the sea, the mouth 
of the " Hidden River." This majestic stream was called by the natives 
*^ Malbouchia,"" and by the Spaniards, " Z« Palissade^'" from the great 




TRAPPING. 

number of trees about its mouth. After traversing the several outlets, 
and satisfying himself as to its certainty, he erected a fort near its western 
outlet, and returned to France. 

An avenue of trade was now opened out which was fully improved. 
In 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some European colo- 
nists. In 1762, the colony was made over to Spain, to be regained by 
France under the consulate of Napoleon. In 1803, it was purchased hy 



30 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

the United States for the sum of fifteen million dollars, and the territory 
of Louisiana and commerce of the Mississippi River came under the 
charge of the United States. Although LaSalle's labors ended in defeat 
and death, he had not worked and suffered in vain. He had thrown 
open to France and the world an immense and most valuable country ; 
had established several ports, and laid the foundations of more than one 
settlement there. " Peoria, Kaskaskia and Cahokia, are to this day monu- 
ments of LaSalle's labors : for, though he had founded neither of them, 
(unless Peoria, which was built nearly upon the site of Fort Crevecoeur,) 
it was by those whom he led into the West that these places were 
peopled and civilized. He was, if not the discoverer, the first settler of 
the Mississippi Valley, and as such deserves to be known and honored." 

The French early improved the opening made for them. Before the 
year 1698, the Rev. Father Gravier began a mission among the Illinois^ 
and founded Kaskaskia. For some time this was mereW a missionary 
station, where none but natives resided, it being one of three such vil- 
lages, the other two being Cahokia and Peoria. What is known of 
these missions is learned from a letter written by Father Gabriel ]\Iarest, 
dated " Aux Cascaskias, autrement dit de rimmaculate Conception de 
la Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembre, 1T12." Soon after the founding of 
Kaskaskia, the missionary. Pinet, gathered a flock at Cahokia, while 
Peoria arose near the ruins of Fort Crevecceur. This must have been, 
about the year 1700. The post at Vincennes on the Oubache river, 
(pronounced Wa-bii, meaning summer cloud movim/ swifflf/') was estab- 
lished in 1702, according to the best authorities.* It is altogether prob- 
able that on LaSalle's last trip he established the stations at Kaskaskia 
and Cahokia. In July, 1701, the foundations of Fort Ponchartrain. 
were laid by De la Motte Cadillac on the Detroit River. These sta- 
tions, with those established further north, were the earliest attempts to 
occupy the Northwest Territory. At the same time efforts were being 
made to occupy the Southwest, which finally culminated in the settle- 
ment and founding of the City of New Orleans by a colony from England 
in 171S. This was mainly accomplished through the efforts of the 
famous Mississippi Company, established by the notorious John Law, 
who so quickly arose into prominence in France, and who witli his 
scheme so quickly and so ignominiously passed away. 

From the time of the founding of these stations for fifty years the 
French nation were engrossed with the settlement of the lower ^lissis- 
sippi, and the war with the Chicasaws, who had, in revenge for repeated 

• There is consiileraWe aisputo about this date, some asserting it was foundea as late as 174-2. When 
the new court house at Vinoennes was erootod, all authorities o;i the subject were carefully examined, anil 
*V03 fixetl upon as the correct date. It was accordingly engraved ou the corner-stone of the court house. 



THE NOKTHWEST TEEKITORY. 31 

injuries, cut off the entire colony at Natchez. Although the company 
did little for Louisiana, as the entire West was then called, yet it opened 
the trade through the Mississippi River, and started the raising of grains 
indigenous to that climate. Until the year 1750, but little is known of 
the settlements in the Northwest, as it was not until this time that the 
attention of the English was called to the occupation of this portion of the 
New World, which they then supposed they owned. Vivier, a missionary 
among the Illinois, writing from "' Aux Illinois," six leagues from Fort 
Chartres, June 8, 1750, says: "We have here whites, negroes and 
Indians, to say nothing of cross-breeds. There are five French villages, 
and three villages of the natives, within a space of twenty-one leagues 
situated between the Mississippi and another river called the Karkadaid 
(Kaskaskias). In the five French villages are, perhaps, eleven hundred 
whites, three hundred blacks and some sixty red slaves or savages. The 
three Illinois towns do not contain more than eight hundred souls all 
told. Most of the French till the soil; they raise wheat, cattle, pigs and 
horses, and live like princes. Three times as much is produced as can 
be consumed ; and great quantities of grain and flour are sent to New 
Orleans.*' This city was now the seaport town of the Northwest, and 
save in the extreme northern part, where only furs and copper ore were 
found, almost all the products of the country found their way to France 
by the mouth of the Father of Waters. In another letter, dated Novem- 
ber 7, 1750, this same priest says: "For fifteen leagues above the 
mouth of the Mississippi one sees no dwellings, the ground being too low 
to be habitable. Thence to New Orleans, the lands are only partially 
occupied. New Orleans contains black, white and red, not more, I 
think, than twelve hundred persons. To this point come all lumber, 
bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins and bear's grease ; and above all, pork 
and flour from the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as forty 
vessels and more have come hither this year. Above New Orleans, 
plantations are again met with : the most considerable is a colony of 
Germans, some ten leagues up the river. At Point Coupee, thirty-five 
leagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, within five 
or six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues farther 
up is the Natchez post, where we have a garrison, who are kept prisoners 
through fear of the Chickasaws. Here and at Point Coupee, they raise 
excellent tobacco. Another hundred leagues brings us to the Arkansas, 
where we have also a fort and a garrison for the benefit of the river 
traders. * * * From the Arkansas to the Illinois, nearly five hundred 
leagues, there is not a settlement. There should be, however, a fort at 
the Oubache (Ohio), the only path by which the English can reach the 
Mississippi. In the Illinois country are numberless mines, but no one to 



82 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



work them as they deserve." Father Marest, writing from the post at 
Vineeniiesin 1812, makes the same observation. Vivier also says : "■ Some 
individuals dig lead near the surface and supply the Indians and Canada. 
Two Spaniards now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines are 
like those of Mexico, and that if we would dig deeper, we should find 
silver under the lead ; and at any rate the lead is excellent. There is also 
in this country, beyond doubt, copper ore, as from time to time large 
pieces are found in the streams." 

«-, .^-.»^- 




HTJXTIXG. 



At the close of the year 1750, the French occupied, in addition to the 
lower ]\rississip2U posts and those in Illinois, one at Du Quesne, one at 
the Maumee in the country of the Miamis, and one at Sandusky in what 
may be termed the Ohio Valley. In the northern part of the Northwest 
they liad stations at St. Joseph's on the St. Joseph's of Lake Michigan, 
at Fort Ponchartrain (^Detroit), at Michillimackanac or Massillimacanac, 
Fox River of Green Bay, and at Sault Ste. Marie. The fondest dreams of 
LaSalle were now fully realized. The French alone were possessors of 
this vast realm, basing their claim on discovery and settlement. Another 
nation, however, was now turning its attention to this extensive country, 



THE NORTHWEST TEREITOEY. 33; 

and hearing of its wealth, began to lay plans for occupying it and for 
securing the great profits arising therefrom. 

The French, however, had another claim to this country, namely, the 



DISCOVERY OF THE OHIO. 

This " Beautiful " river was discovered by Robert Cavalier de La- 
Salle in 1669, four years before the discovery of the Mississippi by Joliet 
and Marquette. 

While LaSalle was at his trading post on the St. Lawrence, he found 
leisure to study nine Indian dialects, the chief of which was the Iroquois. 
He not only desired to facilitate his intercourse in trade, but he longed 
to travel and explore the unknown regions of the West. An incident 
soon occurred which decided him to fit out an exploring expedition. 

While conversing with some Senecas, he learned of a river called the 
Ohio, which rose in their country and flowed to the sea, but at such a 
distance that it required eight months to reach its mouth. In this state- 
ment the Mississippi and its tributaries were considered as one stream. 
LaSalle believing, as most of the French at that period did, that the great 
rivers flowing west emptied into the Sea of California, was anxious to 
embark in the enterprise of discovering a route across the continent to 
the commerce of China and Japan. 

He repaired at once to Quebec to obtain the approval of the Gov- 
ernor. His eloquent appeal prevailed. The Governor and the Intendant» 
Talon, issued letters patent authorizing the enterprise, but made no pro- 
vision to defray the expenses. At this juncture the seminary of St. Sul- 
pice decided to send out missionaries in connection with the expedition, 
and LaSalle offering to sell his improvements at LaChine to raise money, 
the offer was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand eight hundred 
dollars were raised, with which LaSalle purchased four canoes and the 
necessary supplies for the outfit. 

On the 6th of July, 1669, the party, numbering twenty-four persons, 
embarked in seven canoes on the St. Lawrence; two additional canoes 
carried the Indian guides. In three days they were gliding over the 
bosom of Lake Ontario. Their guides conducted them directly to the 
Seneca village on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present 
City of Rochester, New York. Here they expected to procure guides to 
conduct them to the Ohio, but in this they were disappointed. 

The Indians seemed unfriendly to the enterprise. LaSalle suspected 
that the Jesuits had prejudiced their minds against his plans. After 
waiting a month in the hope of gaining their object, they met an Indian 



84 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



from the Iroquois colony at the head of Lake Ontario, who assured them 
that they could there find guides, and offered to conduct them thence. 

On their way they passed the mouth of the Niagara River, when they 
heard for the first time the distant thunder of the cataract. Arriving 




IBOyllOlS CUIKF. 

amono- the Iroquois, they met with a friendly reception, and learned 
from "a Shawanee prisoner that they could reach the Ohio m six weeks. 
Delic-hted Avith the unexpected good fortune, they made ready to resume 
their" journey; but just as they were about to start they heard of the 
arrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them proved 
to be Louis Joliet, afterwards famous as an explorer in the West. He 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITOKY. 35 

had been sent by the Canadian Government to explore the copper mines 
on Lake Su|)erior, but had failed, and was on his way back to Quebec. 
He gave the missionaries a map of the country he had explored in the 
lake region, together with an account of the condition of the Indians in 
that quarter. This induced the priests to determine on leaving the 
expedition and going to Lake Superior. LaSalle warned them that the 
Jesuits were probably occupying that field, and that they would meet 
with a cold reception. Nevertheless they persisted in their purpose, and 
after worship on the lake shore, parted from LaSalle. On arriving at 
Lake Superior, they found, as LaSalle had predicted, the Jesuit Fathers, 
Marquette and Dablon, occupying the field. 

These zealous disciples of Loyola informed them that they wanted 
no assistance from St. Sulpice, nor from those who made him their jDatron 
saint ; and thus repulsed, they returned to Montreal the following June 
without having made a single discovery or converted a single Indian, 

After parting with the priests, LaSalle went to the chief Iroquois 
village at Onondaga, where he obtained guides, and passing thence to a 
tributary of the Ohio south of Lake Erie, he descended the latter as far 
as the falls at Louisville. Thus was the Ohio discovered by LaSalle, the 
persevering and successful French explorer of the West, in 1669. 

The account of the latter part of his journey is found in an anony- 
mous paper, which purports to have been taken from the lips of LaSalle 
himself during a subsequent visit to Paris. In a letter written to Count 
Frontenac in 1667, shortly after the discovery, he himself says that he 
discovered the Ohio and descended it to the falls. This was regarded as 
an indisputable fact by the French authorities, who claimed the Ohio 
Valley upon another ground. When Washington was sent by the colony 
of Virginia in 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French 
had built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty commandant at Quebec 
replied : " We claim the country on the Ohio by virtue of the discoveries 
of LaSalle, and will not give it up to the English. Our orders are to 
make prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio Valley." 



ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. 

When the new year of 1750 broke in upon the Father of Waters 
and the Great Northwest, all was still wild save at the French posts 
already described. In 1749, when the English first began to think seri- 
ously about sending men into the West, the greater portion of the States 
of Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet 
under the dominion of the red men. The English knew, however, pretty 



86 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

conclusivel}' of the nature of the wealth of these wikls. As early as 
1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had commenced movements to 
secure the countr}- west of the Alleghenies to the English crown. In 
Pennsylvania, Governor Keith and James Logan, secretary of the prov- 
ince, from 1719 to 1731, represented to the powers of England the neces- 
sity of securing the Western lands. Nothing was done, however, by that 
power save to take some diplomatic steps to secure the claims of Britain 
to this unexplored wilderness. 

England had from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
on the ground that the discovery of the seacoast and its possession was a 
discovery and possession of the countrj', and, as is well known, her grants 
to the colonies extended ^ from sea to sea." This was not all her claim. 
She had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This lat- 
ter was also a strong argument. As earl}- as 16S1, Lord Howard, Gov- 
ernor of Virginia, held a treaty with the six nations. These were the 
great Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the ISIohawks, Onei- 
das, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Seneeas. Afterward the Tuscaroras were 
taken into the confederac}*, and it became known as the Six Nations. 
They came under the protection of the mother country, and again in 
1701, they repeated the agreement, and in September, 1726, a formal deed 
was drawn up and signed by the chiefs. The validity of this claim has 
often been disputed, but never successfully. In 1744, a purchase was 
made at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, of certain lands within the " Colony of 
Virginia," for which the Indians received £200 in gold and a like sum in 
goods, with a promise that, as settlements increased, more should be paid. 
The Commissioners from Virginia were Colonel Thomas Lee and Colonel 
William Beverly. As settlements extended, the promise of more pa}- was 
called to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the mountains with 
presents to appease the savages. Col. Lee, and some Virginians accompa- 
nied him with the intention of sounding the Indians upon their feelings 
regarding the English. They were not satisfied with their treatment, 
and plainly told the Commissioners why. The English did not desire the 
cultivation of the country, but the monopoly of the Indiaa»trade. In 
1748, the Ohio Company was formed, and petitioned the king for a grant 
of land beyond the Alleghenies. This was granted, and the government 
of Virginia was ordered to grant to them a half million acres, two hun- 
dred thousand of which were to be located at once. Upon the 12th of 
June, 1749, 800,000 acres from the line of Canada north and west was 
made to the Loyal Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, 100,000 
acres were given to the Greenbriar Company. All this time the French 
were not idle. They saw that, should the British gain a foothold in tlie 
West, especially upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent the French 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 37 

settling upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts and so gain 
possession of the whole country. Upon the 10th of May, 1774, Vaud- 
reuil. Governor of Canada and the French possessions, well knowing the 
consequences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading- 
posts in the Northwest, seized some of their frontier posts, and to further 
secure the claim of the French to the West, he, in 1749, sent Louis Cel- 
eron with a party of soldiers to plant along the Ohio River, in the mounds 
and at the mouths of its principal tributaries, plates of lead, on which 
were inscribed the claims of France. These were heard of in 1752, and 
within the memory of residents now living along the '' Oyo," as the 
beautiful river was called by the French. One of these plates was found 
with the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August 16, 1749, and 
a copy of the inscription with particular account of the discovery of the 
plate, was sent by DeWitt Clinton to the American Antiquarian Society, 
among whose journals it may now be found.* These measures did not, 
however, deter the English from going on with their explorations, and 
though neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and 
it was onl}^ a question of time when the storm would burst upon the 
frontier settlements. In 1750, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio 
Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwees, 
on the Miami, about one hundred and fifty miles above its mouth. He 
afterward spoke of it as very populous. From there he went down 
the Ohio River nearly to the falls at the present City of Louisville, 
and in November he commenced a survey of the Company's lands. Dur- 
ing the Winter, General Andrew Lewis performed a similar work for the 
Greenbriar Company. Meanwhile the French were bus}^ in preparing 
their forts for defense, and in opening roads, and also sent a small party 
of soldiers to keep the Ohio clear. This party, having heard of the Eng- 
lish post on the Miami River, early in 1652, assisted by the Ottawas and 
Chippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of 
the natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison. 
(They were probably garrisoned in a block house). The traders were 
carried away to Canada, and one account says several were burned. This 
fort or post was called by the English Pickawillany. A memorial of the 
king's ministers refers to it as " Pickawillanes, in the center of the terri- 
tory between the Ohio and the Wabash. The name is probably some 
variation of Pickaway or Picqua in 1773, written by Rev. David Jones 
Pickaweke." 

* The following is a tnnislatioii of the inscriptiou on the plate: "In the year 1749. reign of Louis XV.. 
King of France, we, Celeron, commandant of a detachment by Monsieur the Marquis of Gallisoniere, com- 
mander-in-chief of New France, to estaijlish tranciuility in certain Indian villages of these cantons, have 
buried this plate at the confluence of the Toradakoin, this twenty-ninth of July, near the river Ohio, otherwise 
Beautiful River, as a monumeutof renewal of possession which we have taken of the said river, and all its 
tributaries; inasmuch as the preceding Kings of France have enjoyed it, and maintained it by their arms and 
treaties; especially by tliose of Ryswick, Utrecht, aad Aix La Chapelle." 



88 THE NORTHWEST TERRITOEY. 

This was the first blood shed between tlie French and English, and 
occnrred near the present City of Piqua, Ohio, or at least at a point about 
forty-seven miles north of Dayton. Each nation became now more inter- 
ested in the progress of events in the Northwest. The English deter- 
mined to purchase from the Indians a title to the lands they wished to 
occupy, and Messrs. Fry (afterward Commander-in-chief over Washing- 
ton at the commencement of the French War of 1775-1763), Lomax and 
Patton were sent in the Spring of 1752 to hold a conference with the 
natives at Logstown to learn what they objected to in the treaty of Lan- 
caster already noticed, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9tli of June, 
these Commissioners met the red men at Logstown, a little village on the 
north bank of the Ohio, about seventeen miles below the site of Pitts- 
burgh. Here had been a trading point for many years, but it was aban- 
doned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize 
the treaty of Lancaster, but, the Commissioners taking aside Montour, 
the interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catharine Montour, and a 
chief among the six nations, induced him to use his influence in their 
favor. This he did, and upon the 13th of June they all united in signing 
a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its full extent, consenting to a 
settlement of the southeast of the Ohio, and guaranteeing that it should 
not 1)6 disturbed by them. These were the means used to obtain the first 
treaty Avith the Indians in the Ohio Valle}'. 

Meanwhile the powers be^'ond the sea were tr3'ing to out-manoeuvre 
each other, and were professing to be at peace. The English generally 
outwitted the Indians, and failed in many instances to fulfill their con- 
tracts. They thereby gained the ill-will of the red men, and further 
increased the feeling by failing to provide them with arms and ammuni- 
tion. Said an old chief, at Easton, in 1758 : " The Indians on the Ohio 
left you because of your own fault. When we heard the French were 
coming, we asked you for help and arms, but we did not get them. The 
French came, they treated us kindly, and gained our affections. The 
Governor of Virginia settled on our lands for his own benefit, and, when 
we wanted help, forsook us.'' 

At the beginning of 1653, the English thought they had secured by 
title the lands in the West, but the French had quietly gathered cannon 
and military stores to be in readiness for the expected blow. The Eng- 
lish made other attempts to ratify these existing treaties, but not until 
the Summer could the Indians be gathered together to discuss the plans 
of the French. They had sent messages to the French, Avarning them 
away ; but they replied that they intended to complete the chain of forts 
already begun, and would not abandon the field. 

Soon after this, no satisfaction bein^" obtained from the Ohio regard- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 39 

ing the positions and purposes of the French, Governor Dinwiddie of 
Virginia determined to send to them another messenger and learn from 
them, if possible, their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young 
man, a surveyor, who, at the early age of nineteen, had received the rank 
of major, and who was thoroughly posted regarding frontier life. This 
personage was no other than the illustrious George Washington, who then 
held considerable interest in Western lands. He was at this time just 
twenty-two years of age. Taking Gist as his guide, the two, accompanied 
by four servitors, set out on their perilous march. They left Will's 
Creek on the 10th of November, 1753, and on the 22d reached the Monon- 
gahela, about ten miles above the fork. From there they went to 
Logstown, where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of 
the Six Nations. From them he learned the condition of the French, and 
also heard of their determination not to come down the river till the fol- 
lowing Spring. The Indians were non-committal, as they were afraid to 
turn either way, and, as far as they could, desired to remain neutral. 
Washington, finding nothing could be done with them, went on to 
Venango, an old Indian town at the mouth of French Creek. Here the 
French had a fort, called Fort Machault. Through the rum and flattery 
of the French, he nearly lost all his Indian followers. Finding nothing 
of importance here, he pursued his way amid great privations, and on the 
11th of December reached the fort at the head of French Creek. Here 
he delivered Governor Dinwiddie's letter, received his answer, took his 
observations, and on the 16th set out upon his return journey with no one 
but Gist, his guide, and a few Indians who still remained true to him, 
notwithstanding the endeavors of the French to retain them. Their 
homeward journey was one of great peril and suffering from the cold, yet 
they reached home in safety on the 6th of January, 1754. 

From the letter of St. Pierre, commander of the French fort, sent by 
Washington to Governor Dinwiddie, it was learned that the French would 
not give up without a struggle. Active preparations were at once made 
in all the English colonies for the coming conflict, while the French 
finished the fort at Venango and strengthened their lines of fortifications, 
and gathered their forces to be in readiness. 

The Old Dominion was all alive. Virginia was the center of great 
activities ; volunteers were called for, and from all the neighboring 
colonies men rallied to the conflict, and everywhere along the Potomac 
men were enlisting under the Governor's proclamation — which promised 
two hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along this river they were 
gathering as far as Will's Creek, and far beyond this point, whither Trent 
had come for assistance for his little band of forty-one men, who were 



40 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

working" away in hunger and want, to fortify that point at the fork of 
the Ohio, to which both parties were looking with deep interest. 

" The first birds of Spring filled the air with their song ; the swift 
river rolled by tlie Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of 
Spring and the April showers. The leaves were appearing ; a few Indian 
scouts were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand ; and all was so quiet, 
that Frazier, an old Indian scout and trader, who had been left by Trent 
in command, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten 
miles up the Monongahela. But, though all was so quiet in that wilder- 
ness, keen eyes had seen the low intrenchment rising at the fork, and 
swift feet had borne the news of it up the river ; and upon the morning 
of the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw 
upon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink — sixty batteaux and 
three hundred canoes filled with men, and laden deep Avith cannon and 
stores. * * * That evening he supped with his captor, Contrecoeur, 
and the next day he was bowed off by the Frenchman, and with his men 
and tools, nuxrched up the Monongahela." 

The French and Indian war had begun. The treaty of Aix la 
Chapelle, in 1748, had left the boundaries between the French and 
English possessions unsettled, and the events already narrated show the 
French were determined to hold the country watered by the Mississippi 
and its tributaries ; while the English laid claims to the country by virtue 
of the discoveries of the Cabots, and claimed all the country from New- 
foundland to Florida, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The 
first decisive blow had now been struck, and the first attempt of the 
English, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands, had resulted 
disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed 
the fortifications begun at the Fork, \vliich they had so easily captured, 
and when completed gave to the fort the name of DuQuesne. Washing- 
ton was at Will's Creek when the news of the capture of the fort arrived. 
He at once departed to recapture it. On his way he entrenched him- 
self at a place called the "• Meadows,"' where he erected a fort called 
by him Fort Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of 
French and Indians marching against him, but was soon after attacked 
in his fort by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the 
morning of July 4tli. He was allowed to return to Virginia. 

The English Government immediately planned four campaigns ; one 
against Fort DuQuesne ; one against Nova Scotia ; one against Fort 
Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6, 
and were not successful in driving the French from their possessions. 
The expedition against Fort DuQuesne was led by the famous General 
Braddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 41 

acquainted with Indian warfare, suffered such an inglorious defeat. This 
occurred on the morning of July 9th, and is generally known as the battle 
of Monongahela, or " Braddock's Defeat." The war continued with 
various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7 ; when, at the commence- 
ment of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then Secre- 
tary of State, afterwards Lord Chatham, active preparations were made to 
carry on the war. Three expeditions were planned for this year : one, 
under General Amherst, against Louisburg ; another, under Abercrombie, 
against Fort Ticonderoga ; and a third, under General Forbes, against 
Fort DuQuesne. On the 26th of July, Louisburg surrendered after a 
desperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern part of the 
Canadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie 
captured Fort Frontenac, and when the expedition against Fort DuQuesne, 
of which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was 
found in flames and deserted. The English at once took possession, 
rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illustrious statesman, changed the 
name to Fort Pitt. 

The great object of the campaign of 1759, was the reduction of 
Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec ; Amherst was to 
reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and General Prideaux was to 
capture Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant 
Prideaux lost his life in the attempt. Amherst captured Ticonderoga 
and Crown Point without a blow ; and Wolfe, after making the memor- 
able ascent to the Plains of Abraham, on September 13th, defeated 
Montcalm, and on the 18th, the city capitulated. In this engagement 
Montcolm and Wolfe both lost their lives. De Levi, Montcalm's successor, 
marched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with the purpose of 
defeating the English, and there, on the 28th of the following April, was 
fought one of the bloodiest battles of the French and Indian War. It 
resulted in the defeat of the French, and the fall of the City of Montreal. 
The Governor signed a capitulation by which the whole of Canada was 
surrendered to the English. This practically concluded the war, but it 
was not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and England 
were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and 
under its provisions all the country east of the Mississippi and north of 
the Iberville River, in Louisiana, were^ceded to England. At the same 
time Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. 

On the 13th of September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was sent 
from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only remaining French post 
in the territory. He arrived there on the 19th of November, and sum- 
moned the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post, 
Beletre. refused, but on the 29th, hearing of the continued defeat of the 



42 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

French arms, surrendered. Rogers remained there until December 23d 
under the personal protection of the celebrated chief. Pontiac, to whom, 
no doubt, he owed his safety. Pontiac had come here to inquire the 
purposes of the English in taking possession of the country. He was 
assured that they came simply to trade with the natives, and did not 
desire their country. This answer conciliated the savages, and did much 
to insure the safety of Rogers and his party daring their stay, and while 
on their journey home. 

Rogers set out for Fort Pitt on December 23, and was just one 
month on the way. His route was from Detroit to Maumee, thence 
across the present State of Ohio directly to the fort. This was the com- 
mon trail of the Indians in their journeys from Sandusky to the fork of 
the Ohio. It went from Fort Sandusky, where Sandusky City now is, 
crossed the Huron river, then called Bald Eagle Creek, to " Mohickon 
John's Town"' on Mohickon Creek, the northern branch of White 
Woman's River, and thence crossed to Beaver's Town, a Delaware town 
on what is now Sandy Creek. At Beaver's Town were probably one 
hundred and fifty warriors, and not less than three thousand acres of 
cleared land. From there the track went up Sandy Creek to and across 
Big Beaver, and up the Ohio to Logstown, thence on to the fork. 

The Northwest Territory was now entirely under the English rule. 
New settlements began to be rapidly made, and the promise of a large 
trade was speedily manifested. Had the British carried out their promises 
with the natives none of those savage butcheries would have been perpe- 
trated, and the country would have been spared their recital. 

The renowned chief, Pontiac, was one of the leading spirits in these 
atrocities. We will now pause in our narrative, and notice the leading 
events in his life. The earliest authentic information regarding this 
noted Indian chief is learned from an account of an Indian trader named 
Alexander Henry, who, in the Spring of 1761, penetrated his domains as 
far as Missillimacnac. Pontiac was then a great friend of the French, 
but a bitter foe of the English, whom he considered as encroaching on his 
hunting grounds. Henry was obliged to disguise himself as a Canadian 
to insure safety, but was discovered by Pontiac, who bitterly reproached 
him and the English for their attempted subjugation of the West. He 
declared that no treaty had been made with them; no presents sent 
them, and that he would resent any possession of the West by that nation. 
He was at the time about fifty years of age, tall and dignified, and was 
civil and military ruler of the Ottawas, Ojibwas and Pottawatamies. 

The Indians, from Lake Michigan to the borders of North Carolina, 
were united in this feeling, and at the time of the treaty of Paris, ratified 
February 10, 1763, a general conspiracy was formed to fall suddenly 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



ta 




PONTIAC, THE OTTAWA CHIEFTAIN. 



44 THE XOBTHWEST TERRITORY. 

upon the frontier British posts, and with one blow strike every man dead. 
Poutiac was the marked leader in all this, and was the commander 
of the Chippewas, Octawas, "Wyandots, Miamis, Shawanese, Delawares 
and Mingoes, who had, for the time, laid aside their local quarrels to unit^ 
in this enterprise. 

The blow came, as near as can now be ascertained, on Mar 7, 176:-*. 
Nine British posts fell, and the Indians drank, " scooped up in the hollow 
of joined hands," the blood of many a Briton. 

Pontiac's immediate field of action was the garrison at Detroit. 
Here, however, the plans were frustrated by an Indian woman disclosing 
the plot the evening previous to his arrival. Everything was carried out, 
however, according to Pontiac's plans until the moment of action, when 
Major Gladwyn, the commander of the post, stepping to one of the Indian 
chiefs, suddenly drew aside his blanket and disclosed the concealed 
musket. Pontiac, though a brave man, turned pale and trembled. He 
saw his plan was known, and that the garrison were prepared. He 
endeavored to exculpate himself from any such intentions : but the guilt 
was evident, and he and his followers were dismissed with a severe 
reprimand, and warned never to again enter the walls of the post. 

Pontiac at once laid siege to the fort, and until the treaty of peace 
between the British and the Western Indians, concluded in August, 1764, 
continued to harass and besiege the fortress. He organized a regular 
commissariat department, issued bills of credit written out on bark, 
which, to his credit, it may be stated, were punctually redeemed. At 
the conclusion of the treaty, in which it seems he took no part, he went 
further south, living many years among the Illinois. 

He had given up all hope of saving his country and race. After a 
time he endeavored to unite the Illinois tribe and those about St. Louis 
in a war with the whites. His efforts were fruitless, and only ended in a 
quarrel between himself and some Kaskaskia Indians, one of whom soon 
afterwards killed him. His death was, however, avenged by the northern 
Indians, who nearly exterminated the Illinois in the wars which followed. 

Had it not been for the treachery of a few of his followei's. his plan 
for the extermination of the whites, a masterly one, would undoubtedly 
have been carried out. 

It was in the Spring of the year following Rogers' visit that Alex- 
ander Henry went to Missillimacnac, and everywhere found the strongest 
feelings against the English, who had not carried out their promises, and 
were doing nothing to conciliate the natives. Here he met the chief, 
Pontiac, who, after conveying to him in a speech the idea that their 
French father would awake soon and utterly destroy his enemies, said : 
'• Englishman, although you have conquered the French, you have not 



THE NOETHWEST TERRITORY. 45 

yet conquered us ! We are not your slaves ! These lakes, these woods, 
these mountains, were left us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance, 
and we will part with them to none. Your nation supposes that we, like 
the white people, can not live without bread and pork and beef. But you 
ought to'know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided 
food for us upon these broad lakes and in these mountains." 

He then spoke of the fact that no treaty had been made with them, 
no presents sent them, and that he and his people were yet for war. 
Such were the feelings of the Northwestern Indians immediately after 
the English took possession of their country. These feelings were no 
doubt encouraged by the Canadians and French, who hoped that yet the 
French arms might prevail. The treaty of Paris, however, gave to the 
English the right to this vast domain, and active preparations were going 
on to occupy it and enjoy its trade and emoluments. 

In 1762, France, by a secret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to pre- 
vent it falling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters 
of the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fon- 
tainbleau, gave to the English the domain of the country in question. 
Twenty years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States 
and England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the Great 
Lakes, comprehending a large territory which is the subject of these 
sketches, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States; and 
twenty years still later, in 1803, Louisiana was ceded by Spain back to 
France, and bj^ France sold to the United States. 

In the half century, from the building of the Fort of Crevecoeur by 
LaSalle, in 1680, up to the erection of Fort Chartres, many French set- 
tlements had been made in that quarter. These have already been 
noticed, being those at St. Vincent (Vincennes), Kohokia or Cahokia, 
Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher, on the American Bottom, a large tract 
of ]ich alluvial soil in Illinois, on the Mississippi, opposite the site of St. 
Louis. 

By the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including 
all these and other towns of the Northwest, were given over to England; 
but they do not appear to have besn taken possession of until 1765, when 
Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty of England, established him- 
self at Fort Chartres bearing with him the proclamation of General Gage, 
dated December 30, 1764, which promised religious freedom to all Cath- 
olics who worshiped here, and a right to leave the country with their 
effects if they wished, or to remain with the privileges of Englishmen. 
It was shortly after the occupancy of the West by the British that the 
war with Pontiac opened. It is already noticed in the sketch of that 
chieftain- By it many a Briton lost his life, and many a frontier settle- 



46 THE NOETHWEST TERRITORY. 

ment in its infancy ceased to exist. This was not ended until the year 
1764, when, failing to capture Detroit, Niagara and Fort Pitt, his confed- 
eracy became disheartened, and, receiving no aid from the French, Pon- 
tiac abandoned the enterprise and departed to the Illinois, among whom 
he afterward lost his life. 

As soon as these difficulties were definitely settled, settlers began 
rapidly to survey the country and prepare for occupation. During the 
year 1770, a number of persons from Virginia and other British provinces 
explored and marked out nearly all the valuable lands on the Mononga- 
hela and along the banks of the Ohio as far as the Little Kanawha. This 
was followed by another exploring expedition, in which George Washing- 
ton was a party. The latter, accompanied by Dr. Craik, Capt. Crawford 
and others, on the 20tli of October, 1770, descended the Ohio from Pitts- 
burgh to the mouth of the Kanawha ; ascended that stream about fourteen. 
miles, marked out several large tracts of land, shot several buffalo, which 
were then abundant in the Ohio Valley, and returned to the fort. 

Pittsburgh was at this time a trading post, about which was clus- 
tered a village of some twenty houses, inhabited by Indian traders. This 
same year, Capt. Pittman visited Kaskaskia and its neighboring villages. 
He found there about sixty-five resident families, and at Cahokia only 
forty-five dwellings. At Fort Chartres was another small settlement, and 
at Detroit the garrison were quite prosperous and strong. For a year 
or two settlers continued to locate near some of these posts, generally 
Fort Pitt or Detroit, owing to the fears of the Indians, who still main- 
tained some feelings of hatred to the English. The trade from the posts 
was quite good, and from those in Illinois large quantities of pork and 
flour found their way to the New Orleans market. At this time the 
policy of the British Government was strongly opposed to the extension 
of the colonies west. In 1763, the King of England forbade, by voyal 
proclamation, his colonial subjects from making a settlement beyond the 
sources of the rivers which fall into the Atlantic Ocean. At the instance 
of the Board of Trade, measures were taken to prevent the settlement 
without the limits prescribed, and to retain the commerce within easy 
reach of Great Britain. 

The commander-in-chief of the king's forces wrote in 1769 : " In the 
course of a few years necessity will compel the colonists, should they 
extend their settlements west, to provide manufactures of some kind for 
themselves, and when all connection upheld by commerce with the mother 
country ceases, an independency in their government will soon follow." 

In accordance with this policy, Gov. Gage issued a proclamation 
in 1772, commanding the inhabitants of Vincennes to abandon their set- 
Uements and join some of the Eastern English colonies. To this they 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 47 

strenuously objected, giving good reasons therefor, and were allowed to 
remain. The strong opposition to this policy of Great Britain led to its 
change, and to such a course as to gain the attachment of the French 
population. In December, 1773, influential citizens of Quebec petitioned 
the king for an extension of the boundary lines of that province, which 
was granted, and Parliament passed an act on June 2, 1774, extend- 
ing the boundary so as to include the territory lying within the present 
States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan. 

In consequence of the liberal policy pursued by the British Govern- 
ment toward the French settlers in the West, they were disposed to favor 
that nation in the war which soon followed with the colonies ; but the 
early alliance between France and America soon brought them to the side 
of the war for independence. 

In 1774, Gov. Dunmore, of Virginia, began to encourage emigration 
to the Western lands. He appointed magistrates at Fort Pitt under the 
pretense that the fort was under the government of that commonwealth. 
One of these justices, John Connelly, who possessed a tract of land in the 
Ohio Valley, gathered a force of men and garrisoned the fort, calling it 
Fort Dunmore. This and other parties were formed to select sites fot 
settlements, and often came in conflict with the Indians, who yet claimed 
portions of the valley, and several battles followed. These ended in the 
famous battle of Kanawha in July, where the Indians were defeated and 
driven across the Ohio. 

During the years 1775 and 1776, by the operations of land companies 
and the perseverance of individuals, several settlements were firmly estab- 
lished between the Alleghanies and the Ohio River, and western land 
speculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. At a council held 
in Kaskaskia on July 5, 1773, an association of English traders, calling 
themselves the "Illinois Land Company," obtained from ten chiefs of the 
Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on 
the east side of the Mississippi River south of the Illinois. In 1775, a mer- 
chant from the Illinois Country, named Viviat, came to Post Vincennes 
as the agent of the association called the " Wabash Land Company." On 
the 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piankeshaw chiefs, a deed for 
37,497,600 acres of land. This deed was signed by the grantors, attested 
by a number of the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in 
the office of a notary public at Kaskaskia. This and other land com- 
panies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West ; but all 
were frustrated by the breaking out of the Revolution. On the 20th of 
April, 17S0, the two companies named consolidated under the name of the 
" United Illinois and Wabash Land Company." They afterward made 



48 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

strenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all 
signally failed. 

When the War of the Revolution commenced, Kentucky was an unor- 
ganized country, though there were several settlements within her borders. 

In Hutchins' Topography of Virginia, it is stated thai: at that time 
*' Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,000 white and black in- 
habitants — the whites being a little the more numerous. Cahokia con- 
tains 50 houses and 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There were 
east of the Mississippi River, about the year 1771 " — when these observa- 
tions were made — " 300 white men capable of bearing arms, and 230 
negroes." 

From 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and 
nothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a report 
made by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following- 
extract is made : 

"Near the mouth of the River Kaskaskia, there is a village which 
appears to have contained nearly eighty families from the beginning of 
the late revolution. There are twelve families in a small village at la 
Prairie du Rochers, and near fifty families at the Kahokia Village. There 
are also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philips, which is five 
miles further up the river." 

St. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time con- 
tained, including its neighboring towns, over six hundred whites and one 
hundred and fifty negroes. It must be remembered that all the country 
west of the Mississippi was now under French rule, and remained so until 
ceded again to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the 
country including New Orleans to the United States. At Detroit there 
were, according to Capt. Carver, who was in the Northwest from 1766 to 
1768, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more 
than twenty miles, although poorly cultivated — the people being engaged 
in the Indian trade. This old town has a history, which we will here 
relate. 

It is the oldest town in the Northwest, having been founded by 
Antoiue de Lamotte Cadillac, in 1701. It was laid out in the form of an 
oblong square, of two acres in length, and an acre and a half in width. 
As described by A. D. Frazer, who first visited it and became a permanent 
resident of the place, in 1778, it comprised within its limits that space 
between Mr. Palmer's store (Conant Block) and Capt. Perkins' house 
(near the Arsenal building), and extended back as far as the public barn, 
and was bordered in front by the Detroit River. It was surrounded by 
oak and cedar pickets, about fifteen feet long, set in the ground, and had 
four gates — east, west, north and south. Over the first three of these 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 49 

gates were block houses provided with four guns apiece, each a six- 
pounder. Two six-gun batteries were planted fronting the river and in a 
parallel direction with the block houses. There were four streets running 
east and west, the main street being twenty feet wide and the rest fifteen 
feet, while the four streets crossing these at right angles were from ten 
to fifteen feet in width. 

At the date spoken of by Mr. Frazer, there was no fort within the 
enclosure, but a citadel on the ground corresponding to the present 
northwest corner of Jefferson Avenue and Wayne Street. The citadel was 
inclosed by pickets, and within it were erected barracks of wood, two 
stories high, sufficient to contain ten officers, and also barracks sufficient 
to contain four hundred men, and a provision store built of brick. The 
citadel also contained a hospital and guard-house. The old town of 
Detroit, in 1778, contained about sixty houses, most of them one story, 
with a few a story and a half in height. They were all of logs, some 
hewn and some round. There was one building of splendid appearance, 
called the " King's Palace," two stories high, which stood near the east 
gate. It was built for Governor Hamilton, the first governor commissioned 
by the British. There were two guard-houses, one near the west gate and 
the other near the Government House. Each of the guards consisted of 
twenty-four men and a subaltern, who mounted regularly every morning 
between nine and ten o'clock. Each furnished four sentinels, who weie 
relieved every two hours. There was also an officer of the day, who pjr- 
formed strict duty. Each of the gates was shut regularly at sunset ; 
even wicket gates were shut at nine o'clock, and all the keys were 
delivered into the hands of the commanding officer. They were opened 
in the morning at sunrise. No Indian or squaw was permitted to enter 
town with any weapon, such as a tomahawk or a knife. It was a stand- 
ing order that the Indians should deliver their arms and instruments of 
every kind before they were permitted to pass the sentinel, and they were 
restored to them on their return. No more than twenty-five Indians were 
allowed to enter the town at any one time, and they were admitted only 
at the east and west gates. At sundown the drums beat, and all the 
Indians were required to leave town instantly. There was a council house 
near the water side for the purpose of holding council with the Indians. 
The population of the town was about sixty families, in all about two 
hundred males and one hundred females. This town was destroyed by 
fire, all except one dwelling, in 1805. After which the present '' new " 
town was laid out. 

On the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every post of 
importance in the West. Kentucky was formed as a component part of 
Virginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, alive to their interests. 



60 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

and recognizing the great benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in 
this part of the New World, held steadily to their purposes, and those 
within the commonwealth of Kentucky proceeded to exercise their 
civil privileges, by electing John Todd and Richard Gallaway, 
burgesses to represent them in the Assembly of the parent state. 
Early in September of that year (1777) the first court was held 
in Harrodsburg, and Col. Bowman, afterwards major, who had arrived 
in August, was made the commander of a militia organization which 
had been commenced the March previous. Thus the tree of loyalty 
was growing. The chief spirit in this far-out colony, who had represented 
her the year previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move 
unequaled in its boldness. He had been watching the movements of the 
British throughout the Northwest, and understood their whole plan. Ht 
saw it was through their possession of the posts at Detroit, Vincennes, 
Kaskaskia, and other places, which would give them constant and easy 
access to the various Indian tribes in the Northwest, that the British 
intended to penetrate the country from the north and soutn, ana annihi- 
late the frontier fortresses. This moving, energetic man was Colonel, 
afterwards General, George Rogers Clark. He knew the Indians were not 
unanimously in accord with the English, and he was convinced that, could 
the British be defeated and expelled from the Northwest, the natives 
might be easily awed into neutrality ; and by spies sent for the purpose, 
he satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlements 
might easily succeed. Having convinced himself of the certainty of the 
project, he repaired to the Capital of Virginia, which place he reached on 
November 5th. While he was on his way, fortunately, on October 17th, 
Burgoyne had been defeated, and the spirits of the colonists greatly 
encouraged thereby. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at 
once entered heartily into Clark's plans. The same plan had before been 
agitated in the Colonial Assemblies, but there was no one until Clark 
came who was sufficiently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the 
scene of action to be able to guide them. 

Clark, having satisfied the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his 
plan, received, on the 2d of January, two sets of instructions — one secret, 
the other open — the latter authorized him to proceed to enlist seven 
companies to go to Kentucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three 
months from their arrival in the West. The secret order authorized him 
to arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand 
at Pittsburgh, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. 

With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburgh, choosing rather 
to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed 
in the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Col. W. B. Smith to Hoi- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 61 

ston for the same purpose, but neither succeeded in raising the required 
number of men. The settlers in these parts were afraid to leave their 
own firesides exposed to a vigilant foe, and but few could be induced to 
join the proposed expedition. With three companies and several private 
volunteers, Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he 
navigated as far as the Falls, where he took possession of and fortified 
Corn Island, a small island between the present Cities of Louisville, 
Kentucky, and New Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may 
yet be found. At this place he appointed Col. Bowman to meet him 
with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route, and 
as many as could be spared from the station. Here he announced to 
the men their real destination. Having completed his arrangements, 
and chosen his party, he left a small garrison upon the island, and on the 
24th of June, during a total eclipse of the sun, which to them augured 
no good, and which fixes beyond dispute the date of starting, he with 
his chosen band, fell down the river. His plan was to go by water as 
far as Fort Massac or Massacre, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia. 
Here he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its capture go to 
Cahokia, then to Vincennes, and lastly to Detroit. Should he fail, he 
intended to march directly to the Mississippi River and cross it into the 
Spanish country. Before his start he received two good items of infor- 
mation : one that the alliance had been formed between France and the 
United States ; and the other that the Indians throughout the Illinois 
country and the inhabitants, at the various frontier posts, had been led to 
believe by the British that the " Long Knives" or Virginians, were the 
most fierce, bloodthirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With 
this impression on their minds, Clark saw that proper management would 
cause them to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from grati- 
tude would become friendly if treated with' unexpected leniency. 

The march to Kaskaskia was accomplished through a hot July sun, 
and the town reached on the evening of July 4. He captured the fort 
near the village, and soon after the village itself by surprise, and without 
the loss of a single man or by killing any of the enemy. After sufficiently 
working upon the fears of the natives, Clark told them they were at per- 
fect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the 
great conflict they would, also he would protect them from any barbarity 
from British or Indian foe. This had the desired effect, and the inhab- 
itants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully surprised by the unlooked 
for turn of affairs, at once swore allegiance to the American arms, and 
when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accom- 
panied him, and through their influence the inhabitants of the place 
surrendered, and gladly placed themselves under his protection. Thus 



52 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

the tvro important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the English 
into the possession of Virginia. 

In the person of the priest at Kaskaskia, M. Gibault, Clark found a 
powerful ally and generous friend. Clark saw that, to retain possession 
of the Northwest and treat successfully with the Indians within its boun- 
daries, he must establish a government for the colonies he had taken. 
St. Vincent, the next important post to Detroit,remained yet to be taken 
before the Mississippi Valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that 
he would alone, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connection 
with England. Clark gladly accepted his offer, and on the 14th of July, 
in company with a fellow-townsman. ^I. Gibault started on his mission of 
peace, and on the 1st of August returned with the cheerful intelligence 
that the post on the "' Oubache "' had taken the oath of allegiance to 
the Old Dominion. During this interval, Clark established his courts, 
placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, successfully re-enlisted his 
men, sent word to have a fort, which proved the germ of Louisville, 
erected at the Falls of the Ohio, and dispatched Mr. Rocheblave, who 
had been commander at Kaskaskia, as a prisoner of war to Richmond. 
In October the County of Illinois was established by the Legislature 
of Virginia, John Todd appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Civil Governor, 
and in November General Clark and his men received the thanks of 
the Old Dominion through their Legislature. 

In a speech a few days afterward, Clark made known fully to the 
natives his plans, and at its close all came forward and swore alle- 
giance to the Long Knives. While he was doing this Governor Hamilton, 
having made his various arrangements, had left Detroit and moved down 
the Wabash to Vincennes intending to operate from that point in reducing 
the Illinois posts, and then proceed on down to Kentucky and drive the 
rebels from the West. Gen. Clark had, on the return of M. Gibault, 
dispatched Captain Helm, of Fauquier County, Virginia, with an attend- 
ant named Henry, across the Illinois prairies to command the fort. 
Hamilton knew nothing of the capitulation of the post, and was greatly 
surprised on his arrival to be confronted by Capt. Helm, who, standing at 
the entrance of the fort by a loaded cannon ready to fire upon his assail- 
ants, demanded upon what terms Hamilton demanded possession of the 
fort. Being granted the rights of a prisoner of war, he surrendered to 
the Biitish General, who could scarcely believe his eyes when he saw the 
force in the garrison. 

Hamilton, not realizing the character of the men with whom he was 
contending, gave up his intended campaign for the Winter, sent his four 
hundred Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the Ohio, 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 53 

and to annoy the Americans in all ways, and sat quietly down to pass the 
Winter. Information of all these proceedings having reached Clark, he 
saw that immediate and decisive action was necessary, and that unless 
he captured Hamilton, Hamilton would capture him. Clark received the 
news on the 29th of January, 1779, and on February 4th, having suffi- 
ciently garrisoned Kaskaskia and Cahokia, he sent down the Mississippi 
a " battoe," as Major Bowman writes it, in order to ascend the Ohio and 
Wabash, and operate with the land forces gathering for the fray. 

On the next day, Clark, with his little force of one hundred and 
twenty men, set out for the post, and after incredible hard marching 
through much mud, the ground being thawed by the incessant spring 
rains, on the 22d reached the fort, and being joined by his " battoe," at 
once commenced the attack on the post. The aim of the American back- 
woodsman was unerring, and on the 24th the garrison surrendered to the 
intrepid boldness of Clark. The French were treated with great kind- 
ness, and gladly renewed their allegiance to Virginia. Hamilton was 
sent as a prisoner to Virginia, where he was kept in close confinement. 
Daring his command of the British frontier posts, he had offered prizes 
to the Indians for all the scalps of Americans they would bring to him, 
and had earned in consequence thereof the title " Hair-buyer General," 
by which he was ever afterward known. 

Detroit was now without doubt within easy reach of the enterprising 
Virginian, could he but raise the necessary force. Governor Henry, being 
apprised of this, promised him the needed reinforcement, and CJark con- 
cluded to wait until he could capture and sufQciently garrison the posts. 
Had Clark failed in this bold undertaking, and Hamilton succeeded in 
uniting the western Indians for the next Spring's campaign, the West 
would indeed have been swept from the Mississippi to the Allegheny 
Mountains, and the great blow struck, which had been contemplated from 
the commencement, by the British. 

" But for this small army of dripping, but fearless Virginians, the 
union of all the tribes from Georgia to Maine against the colonies might 
have been effected, and the whole current of our history changed." 

At this time some fears were entertained by the Colonial Govern- 
ments that the Indians in the North and Northwest were inclining to the 
British, and under the instructions of Washington, now Commander-in- 
Chief of the Colonial array, and so bravely fighting for American inde- 
pendence, armed forces were sent against the Six Nations, and upon the 
Ohio frontier, Col. Bowman, acting under the same general's orders, 
marched against Indians within the present limits of that State. These 
expeditions were in the main successful, and the Indians were compelled 
to sue for peace. 



54 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

During this same year (1779) the famous " Land Laws" of Virginia 
were passed. The passage of these laws was of more consequence to the 
pioneers of Kentucky and the Northwest than the gaining of a few Indian 
conflicts. These laws confirmed in main all grants made, and guaranteed 
to all actual settlers their rights and privileges. After providing for the 
settlers, the laws provided for selling the balance of the public lands at 
forty cents per acre. To carry the Land Laws into effect, the Legislature 
sent four Virginians westward to attend to the various claims, over many 
of which great confusion prevailed concerning their validity. These 
gentlemen opened their court on October 13, 1779, at St. Asaphs, and 
continued until April 26, 1780, when they adjourned, having decided 
three thousand claims. They were succeeded by the surveyor, who 
came in the person of Mr. George May, and assumed his duties on the 
10th day of the month whose name he bore. With the opening of the 
next year (1780) the troubles concerning the navigation of the Missis- 
sippi commenced. The Spanish Government exacted such measures in 
relation to its trade as to cause the overtures made to the United States 
to be rejected. The American Government considered they had a right 
to navigate its channel. To enforce their claims, a fort was erected below 
the mouth of the Ohio on the Kentucky side of the river. The settle- 
ments in Kentucky were being rapidly filled by emigrants. It was dur- 
ing this year that the first seminary of learning was established in the 
West in this young and enterprising Commonwealth. 

The settlers here did not look upon the building of this fort in a 
friendly manner, as it aroused the hostility of the Indians. Spain had 
been friendly to the Colonies during their struggle for independence, 
and though for a while this friendship appeared in danger from the 
refusal of the free navigation of the river, yet it was finally settled to the 
satisfaction of both nations. 

The Winter of 1779-80 was one of the most unusually severe ones 
ever experienced in the West. The Indians always referred to it as the 
"Great Cold." Numbers of wild animals perished, and not a few 
pioneers lost their lives. The following Summer a party of Canadians 
and Indians attacked St. Louis, and attempted to take possession of it 
in consequence of the friendly disposition of Spain to the revolting 
colonies. They met with such a determined resistance on the part of the 
inhabitants, even the women taking part in the battle, that they were 
compelled to abandon the contest. They also made an attack on the 
settlements in Kentucky, but, becoming alarmed in some unaccountable 
manner, they fled the country in great haste. 

About this time arose the question in the Colonial Congress con- 
cerning the western lands claimed by Virginia, New York, Massachusetts 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 55 

and Connecticut. The agitation Qf)ncernJng this subject finally led New 
York, on the 19th of February, 1780, to pass a law giving to the dele- 
gates of that State in Congress the power to cede her western lands for 
the benefit of the United States. This law was laid before Congress 
during the next month, but no steps were taken concerning it until Sep- 
tember 6th, when a resolution passed that body calling upon the States 
claiming western lands to release their claims in favor of the whole body. 
This basis formed the union, and was the first after all of those legislative 
measures which resulted in the creation of the States of Ohio, Indiana, 
Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In December of the same 
year, the plan of conquering Detroit again arose. The conquest might 
have easily been effected by Clark had the necessary aid been furnished 
him. Nothing decisive was done, yet the heads of the Government knew 
that the' safety of the Northwest from British invasion lay in the capture 
and retention of that important post, the only unconquered one in the 
territory. 

Before the close of the year, Kentucky was divided into the Coun- 
ties of Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson, and the act establishing the Town 
of Louisville was passed. This same year is also noted in the annals of 
American history as the year in which occurred Arnold's treason to the 
United States. 

Virginia, in accordance with the resolution of Congress, on the 2d 
day of January, 1781, agreed to . yield her western lands to the United 
States upon certain conditions, which Congress would not accede to, and 
the Act of Cession, on the part of the Old Dominion, failed, nor was 
anything farther done until 1783. During all that time the Colonies 
were busily engaged in the struggle with the mother country, and in 
consequence thereof but little heed was given to the Avestern settlements. 
Upon the 16th of April, 1781, the first birth north of the Ohio River of 
American parentage occurred, being that of Mary Heckewelder, daughter 
of the widely known Moravian missionary, whose band of Christian 
Indians suffered in after years a horrible massacre by the hands of the 
frontier settlers, who had been exasperated by the murder of several of 
their neighbors, and in their rage committed, without regard to humanity, 
a deed which forever afterwards cast a shade of shame upon their lives. 
For this and kindred outrages on the part of the whites, the Indians 
committed many deeds of cruelty which darken the years of 1771 and 
1772 in the history of the Northwest. 

During the year 1782 a number of battles among the Indians and 
frontiersmen occurred, and between the Moravian Indians and the Wyan- 
dots. In these, horrible acts of cruelty were practised on the captives, 
manv of such dark deeds transpiring under the leadership of the notorious 



56 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



frontier outlaw, Simon Girty, whose name, as well as those of his brothers, 
was a terror to women and children. These occurred chiefly in the Ohio 
valleys. Cotemporary with them were several engagements in Kentucky, 
in which the famous Daniel Boone engaged, and who, often by his skill 
and knowledge of Indian warfare, saved the outposts from cruel destruc- 




INDIAKS ATTACKING FKONTIERSJIEN. 

tion. By the close of the year victory had perched upon the American 
banner, and on the 30th of November, provisional articles of peace had 
been arranged between the Commissioners of England and her uncon- 
querable colonies. Cornwallis had been defeated on the 19th of October 
preceding, and the liberty of America was assured. On the 19th of 
April following, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, peace was 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 57 

proclaimed to the army of the United States, and on the 2d of the next 
September, the definite treaty which ended our revolutionary struggle 
was concluded. By the terms of that treaty, the boundaries of the West 
were as follows : On the north the line was to extend along the center of 
the Great Lakes ; from the western point of Lake Superior to Long Lake ; 
thence to the Lake of the Woods ; thence to the head of the Mississippi 
River; down its center to the 31st parallel of latitude, then on that line 
east to the head of the Appalachicola River; down its center to its junc- 
tion with the Flint ; thence straight to the head of St. Mary's River, and 
thence down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean. 

Following the cessation of hostilities with England, several posts 
were still occupied by the British in the North and West. Among these 
was Detroit, still in the hands of the enemy. Numerous engagements 
with the Lidians throughout Ohio and Lidiana occurred, upon whose 
lands adventurous whites would settle ere the title had been acquired by 
the proper treaty. 

To remedy this latter evil. Congress appointed commissioners to 
treat with the natives and purchase their lands, and prohibited the set- 
tlement of the territory until this could be done. Before the close of the 
year another attempt was made to capture Detroit, which was, however, 
not pushed, and Virginia, no longer feeling the interest in the Northwest 
she had formerly done, withdrew her troops, having on the 20th of 
December preceding authorized the whole of her possessions to be deeded 
to the United States. This was done on the 1st of March following, and 
the Northwest Territory passed from the control of the Old Dominion. 
To Gen. Clark and his soldiers, however, she gave a tract of one hundred 
and fifty thousand acres of land, to be situated any where north of the 
Ohio wherever they chose to locate them. They selected the region 
opposite the falls of the Ohio, where is now the dilapidated village of 
Clarksville, about midway between the Cities of New Albany and Jeffer- 
sonville, Indiana. 

While the frontier remained thus, and Gen. Haldimand at Detroit 
refused to evacuate alleging that he had no orders from his King to do 
so, settlers were rapidly gathering about the inland forts. In the Spring 
of 1784, Pittsburgh was regularly laid out, and from the journal of Arthur 
Lee, who passed through the town soon after on his way to the Indian 
council at Fort Mcintosh, we suppose it was not very prepossessing in 
appearance. He says : 

" Pittsburgh is inhabited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who 
live in paltry log houses, and are as dirty as if in the north of Ireland or 
even Scotland. There is a great deal of trade carried on, the goods being 
bought at the vast expense of forty-five shillings per pound from Phila- 



58 THE NOKTHWEST TERRITORY. 

delphia and Baltimore. They take in the shops flour, wheat, skins and 
money. There are in the town four attorneys, two doctors, and not a 
priest of any persuasion, nor church nor chapel." 

Kentucky at this time contained thirty thousand inhabitants, and 
was beginning to discuss measures for a separation from Virginia. A 
land office was opened at Louisville, and measures were adopted to take 
defensive precaution against the Indians who were yet, in some instances, 
incited to deeds of violence by the British. Before the close of this year, 
1784, the military claimants of land began to occupy them, although no 
entries were recorded until 1787. 

The Indian title to the Northwest was not yet extinguished. They 
held large tracts of lands, and in order to prevent bloodshed Congress 
adopted means for treaties with the original owners and provided for the 
survey's of the lands gained thereby, as well as for those north of the 
Ohio, now in its possession. On January 31, 1786, a treaty was made 
with the Wabash Indians. The treaty of Fort Stanwix had been made 
in 1784. That at Fort Mcintosh in 1785, and through these much land 
was gained. The Wabash Indians, however, afterward refused to comply 
with the provisions of the treaty made with them, and in order to compel 
their adherence to its provisions, force was used. During the year 1786, 
the free navigation of the Mississippi came up in Congress, and caused 
various discussions, which resulted in no definite action, only serving to 
excite speculation in regard to the western lands. CongTess had promised 
bounties of land to the soldiers of the Revolution, but owing to the 
unsettled condition of affairs along the Mississippi respecting its naviga- 
tion, and the trade of the Northwest, that body had, in 1783, declared 
its inability to fulfill these promises until a treaty could be concluded 
between the two Governments. Before the close of the year 1786, how- 
ever, it was able, through the treaties with the Indians, to allow some 
grants and the settlement thereon, and on the 14th of September Con- 
necticut ceded to the General Government the tract of land known as 
the '' Connecticut Reserve," and before the close of the following year a 
large tract of land north of the Ohio was sold to a company, who at once 
took measures to settle it. By the provisions of this grant, the company 
were to pay the United States one dollar per acre, subject to a deduction 
of one-third for bad lands and other contingencies. They received 
750,000 acres, bounded on the south by the Ohio, on the east b}' the 
seventh range of townships, on the west by the sixteenth range, and on 
the north by a line so drawn as to make the grant complete without 
the reservations. In addition to this, Congress afterward granted 100,000 
acres to actual settlers, and 214,285 acres as army bounties under the 
resolutions of 1789 and 1790. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



69 



While Dr. Cutler, one of the agents of the company, was pressing 
its claims before Congress, that bod}' was bringing into form an ordinance 
for the political and social organization of this Territory. When the 
cession was made by Virginia, in 1784, a plan was offered, but rejected. 
A motion had been made to strike from the proposed plan the prohibition 
of slavery, which prevailed. The plan was then discussed and altered, 
and finally passed unanimously, with the exception of South Carolina. 
Bv this proposition, the Territory was to have been divided into states 




A PRAIKIE STOKM. 



by parallels and meridian lines. This, it was thought, would make ten 
states, which were to have been named as follows — beginning at the 
northwest corner and going southwardly : Sylvania, Michigania, Cher- 
sonesus, Assenisipia, Metropotamia, Illenoia, Saratoga, Washington, Poly- 
potamia and Pelisipia. 

There was a more serious objection to this plan than its category of 
names,— the boundaries. The root of the difficulty was in the resolu- 
tion of Congress passed in October, 1780, which fixed the boundaries 
of the ceded lands to be from one hundred to one hundred and fifty miles 



60 THE NORTHWEST TEREITOEY. 

square. These resolutions being presented to the Legislatures of Vir- 
giaia and Massachusetts, they desired a change, and in July, 1786, the 
subject was taken up in Congress, and changed to favor a division into 
not more than five states, and not less than three. This was approved by 
the State Legislature of Virginia. The subject of the Government was 
again taken up by Congress in 1786, and discussed throughout that year 
and until July, 1787, when the famous "Compact of 1787"' was passed, 
and the foundation of the government of the Northwest laid. This com- 
pact is fully discussed and explained in the history of Illinois in this book, 
and to it the reader is referred. 

The passage of this act and the grant to the New England Company 
was soon followed by an application to the Government by John Cleves 
Symmes, of New Jersey, for a grant of the land between the Miamis. 
This gentleman had visited these lands soon after the treaty of 1786, and, 
being greatly pleased with them, offered similar terms to those given to the 
New England Company. The petition was referred to the Treasury 
Board with power to act, and a contract was concluded the following 
year. During the Autumn the directors of tlie New England Company 
were preparing to occup}' their grant the following Spring, and upon the 
2od of November made arrangements for a party of forty-seven men, 
under the superinteudency of Gen. Rufus Putnam, to set forward. Six 
boat-builders were to leave at once, and on the first of January the sur- 
veyors and their assistants, twenty-six in number, were to meet at Hart- 
ford and proceed on their journey westward : the remainder to follow as 
soon as possible. Congress, in the meantime, upon the od of October, 
had ordered seven hundred troops for defense of the western settlers, and 
to prevent unauthorized intrusions ; and two days later appointed Arthur 
St. Clair Governor of the Territor}* of the Northwest. 

AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. 

The civil organization of the Northwest Territory was now com^. 
plete, and notwithstanding the uncertainty of Indian affairs, settlers from 
the East began to come into the country rapidly. The New England 
Company sent their men during the "Winter of 1787-8 pressing on over 
the Alleghenies by the old Indian path which had been opened into 
Braddock's road, and which has since been made a national turnpike 
from Cumberland westward. Throitgh the weary winter days they toiled 
on, and by April were all gathered on the Yohiogany. where boats had 
been built, and at once started for the Muskingum. Here they arrived 
on the 7th of that month, and unless the Moravian missionaries be regarded 
as the pioneers of Ohio, this little band can justly claim that honor. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



61 



Gen. St. Clair, the appointed Governor of the Northwest, not having 
yet arrived, a set of haws were passed, written out, and published by 
being nailed to a tree in the embryo town, and Jonathan Meigs appointed 
to administer them. 

Washington in writing of this, the first American settlement in the 
Northwest, said : " No colony in America was ever settled under 
such favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at Muskingum. 
Information, property and strength will be its characteristics. I know 
many of its settlers personally, and there never were men better calcu- 
lated to promote the welfare of such a community.'" 




A PIONEER DAVELLING. 



On the 2d of July a meeting of the directors and agents was held 
on the banks of the Muskingum, " for the purpose of naming the new- 
born city and its squares." As yet the settlement was known as the 
"Muskingum," but that was now changed to the name Marietta, in honor 
of Marie Antoinette. The square upon which the block -houses stood 
was called ^'' Campus 3Iartius ;"" square number 19, ^'- Capitolium ;"" square 
number 61, '■^ Cecilia;^' and the great road through the covert way, " Sacra 
Via^ Two days after, an oration was delivered by James M. Yarnum, 
who with S. H. Parsons and John Armstrong had been appointed to the 
judicial bench of the territory on the 16th of October, 1787. On July 9, 
Gov. St. Clair arrived, and the colony began to assume form. The act 
of 1787 provided two district grades of government for the Northwest, 



62 THE XOKTHWEST TEKKITOKY. 

under the first of -^111011 rhe whole power was invested in the hands of a 
governor and three district judges. This was immediately formed upon 
the Governor's arrival, and the fii"st laws of the colony passed on the 25th 
of July. These provided for the oi-ganization of the militia, and on the 
next day appeared the Governor's proclamation, erecting all that country 
that had been ceded by the Indians east of the Scioto River into the 
County of Washington. From that time forward, notwithstanding the 
doubts yet existing as to the Indians, all Marietta prospered, and on the 
2d of September the first court of the territory was held with imposing 
ceremonies. 

The emigration westward at this time was very great. The com- 
mander at Fort Harmer, at the mouth of the Muskingum, reported four 
thousand five hundred persons as having passed that post between Feb- 
ruary and June, 1TS8 — many of whom would have purchased of the 
"Associates," as the New England Company was called, had they been 
ready to receive them. 

On the 26th of November, ITST. Symmes issued a pamphlet stating 
the terms of his contract and the plan of sale he intended to adopt. In 
January. ITSS. Matthias Denman, of New Jei-sey. took an active interest 
in Symmes' purchase, and located among other tracts the sections upon 
which Cincinnati has been built. Retaining one-third of this locality, he 
sold the other two-thirds to Robert Pattei^on and John Filson, and the 
three, about August, commenced to lay out a town on the spot, which 
was designated as being opposite Licking River, to the mouih of which 
they proposed to have a road cut from Lexington. The naming of the 
town is thus narrated in the "Western Annals '" : — •• Mr. Filson, who had 
been a schoolmaster, was appointed to name the town. and. in respect to 
its situation, and as if with a prophetic perception of the mixed race that 
were to inhabit it in after days, he named it Losantiville, Avhich. being 
interpreted, means : rille^ the town : anti, against or opposite to ; tv*. the 
mouth : L. of Licking." 

Meanwhile, in July, Symmes got thirty persons and eight four-hoi"se 
teams under way for the West. These reached Limestone (now Mays- 
ville) in September, where were several persons from Redstone. Here 
Mr. Symmes tried to found a settlement, but the great freshet of 1789 
caused the " Point," as it was and is yet called, to be fifteen feet under 
water, and the settlement to be abandoned. The little band of settlers 
removed to the mouth of the Miami. Before Symmes and his colony left 
the " Point." two settlements had been made on his purchase. The first 
was by Mr. Stiltes. the original projector of the whole plan, who, with a 
colony of Redstone people, had located at the mouth of the Miami, 
whither Svmmes went with his Mavsville colony. Here a clearing had 



THE NORTHWEST TERKITOEY. 



63 



been made by the Indians owing to the great fertility of the soil. Mr. 
Stiltes with his colony came to this place on the 18th of November, 1788, 
with twenty-six persons, and, bnilding a block-house, prepared to remain 
through the Winter. They named the settlement Columbia. Here they 
were kindly treated by the Indians, but suffered greatly from the flood 
of 1789. 

On the 4th of March, 1789, the Constitution of the United States 
went into operation, and on April 30, George Washington was inaug- 
urated President of the American people, and during the next Summer, 
an Indian war was commenced by the tribes north of the Ohio. The 
President at first used pacific means ; but these failing, he sent General 
Harmer against the hostile tribes. He destroyed several villages, but 




BBEAKI^TG PEAIEIE. 



-was defeated in two battles, near the present City of Fort Wayne, 
Indiana. From this time till the close of 1795, the principal events were 
the wars with the various Indian tribes. In 1796, General St. Clair 
was appointed in command, and marched against the Indians ; but while 
he was encamped on a stream, the St. jSIary, a branch of the Maumee, 
he was attacked and defeated with the loss of six hundred men. 

General Wayne was now sent against the savages. In August, 1794, 
he met them near the rapids of the Maumee, and gained a complete 
victory. This success, followed by vigorous measures, compelled the 
Indians to sue for peace, and on the 30th of July, the following year, the 
treaty of Greenville was signed by the principal chiefs, by which a large 
tract of country was ceded to the United States. 

Before proceeding in our narrative, we will pause to notice Fort 
Washington, erected in the early part of this war on the site of Cincinnati. 
Nearly all of the great cities of the Northwest, and indeed of the 



64 THE NORTHWEST TEREITORY. 

whole country, have had their nuclei in those rude pioneer structures, 
known as forts or stockades. Thus Forts Dearborn, Washington, Pon- 
chartrain, mark the original sites of the now proud Cities of Chicago, 
Cincinnati and Detroit. So of most of the flourishing cities east and west 
of the Mississippi. Fort Washington, erected by Doughty in 1790, was a 
rude but highly interesting structure. It was composed of a number of 
stronglj^-built hewed log cabins. Those designed for soldiers' barracks 
were a story and a half high, while those composing the officers quarters 
were more imposing and more conveniently arranged and furnished. 
The whole were so placed as to form a hollow square, enclosing about an 
acre of ground, with a block house at each of the four angles. 

The logs for the construction of this fort were cut from the ground 
upon which it was erected. It stood between Third and Fourth Streets 
of the present city (Cincinnati) extending east of Eastern Row, now 
Broadway, which was then a narrow alley, and the eastern boundary of 
of the town as it was originally laid out. On the bank of the river, 
immediately in front of the fort, was an appendage of the fort, called the 
Artificer's Yard. It contained about two acres of ground, enclosed by 
small contiguous buildings, occupied by workshops and quarters of 
laborers. Within this enclosure there was a large two-story frame house, 
familiarly called the " Yellow House," built for the accommodation of 
the Quartermaster General. For many years this was the best finished 
and most commodious edifice in the Queen City. Fort Washington was 
for some time the headquarters of both the civil and military governments 
of the Northwestern Territor3^ 

Following the consummation of the treaty various gigantic land spec- 
ulations were entered into by different persons, who hoped to obtain 
from the Indians in Michigan and northern Indiana, large tracts of lands. 
These Avere generally discovered in time to prevent the outrageous 
schemes from being carried out, and from involving the settlers in war. 
On October 27, 1795, the treaty between the United States and Spain 
was signed, whereby the free navigation of the Mississippi was secured. 

No sooner had the treaty of 1795 been ratified than settlements began 
to pour rapidly into the West. The great event of the year 1796 was the 
occupation of that part of the Northwest including Michigan, which was 
this year, under the provisions of the treaty, evacuated by the British 
forces. The United States, owing to certain conditions, did not feel 
justified in addressing the authorities in Canada in relation to Detroit 
and other frontier posts. When at last the British authorities were 
called to give them up, they at once complied, and General Wayne, who 
had done so much to preserve the frontier settlements, and who, before 
the year's close, sickened and died near Erie, transferred his head- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 66 

quarters to the neighborhood of the'lakes, where a county named after 
him was formed, which included the northwest of Ohio, all of Michigan, 
and the northeast of Indiana. During this same year settlements were 
formed at the present City of Chillicothe, along the Miami from Middle- 
town to Piqua, while in the more distant West, settlers and speculators 
began to appear in great numbers. In September, the City of Cleveland 
was laid out, and during the Summer and Autumn, Samuel Jackson and 
Jonathan Sharpless erected the first manufactory of paper — the " Red- 
stone Paper Mill" — in the West. St. Louis contained some seventy 
houses, and Detroit over three hundred, and along the river, contiguous 
to it, were more than three thousand inhabitants, mostly French Canadians, 
Indians and half-breeds, scarcely any Americans venturing yet into that 
part of the Northwest. 

The election of representatives for the territory had taken place, 
and on the 4th of February, 1799, they convened at Losantiville — now 
known as Cincinnati, having been named so by Gov. St. Clair, and 
considered the capital of the Territory — to nominate persons from whom 
the members of the Legislature were to be chosen in accordance with 
a previous ordinance. This nomination being made, the Assembly 
adjourned until the 16th of the following September. From those named 
the President selected as members of the council, Henry Vandenburg, 
of Vincennes, Robert Oliver, of Marietta, James Findlay and Jacob 
Burnett, of Cincinnati, and David Vance, of Vanceville. On the 16th 
of September the Territorial' Legislature met, and on the 24th the two 
houses were duly organized, Henry Vandenburg being elected President 
of the Council. 

The message of Gov. St. Clair was addressed to the Legislature 
September 20th, and on October 13th that body elected as a delegate to 
Congress Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison, who received eleven of the votes 
cast, being a majority of one over his opponent, Arthur St. Clair, son of 
Gen. St. Clair. 

The whole number of acts passed at this session, and approved by 
the Governor, were thirty-seven — eleven others were passed, but received 
his veto. The most important of those passed related to the militia, to 
the administration, and to taxation. On the 19th of December this pro- 
tracted session of the first Legislature in the West was closed, and on the 
30th of December the President nominated Charles Willing Bryd to the 
office of Secretary of the Territory vice Wm. Henry Harrison, elected to 
Congress. The Senate confirmed his nomination the next day. 



6G THE NOKTHWEST TERRITORY. 



DIVISION OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

The increased emigration to the Northwest, the extent of the domain, 
and the inconvenient modes of travel, made it very difficult to conduct 
the ordinary operations of government, and rendered the efficient action 
of courts almost impossible. To remedy this, it was deemed advisable to 
divide the territory for civil purposes. Congress, in 1800, appointed a 
committee to examine the question and report some means for its solution. 
This committee, on the od of March, reported that : 

" In the three western countries there has been but one court having 
cognizance of crimes, in five years, and the immunity which offenders 
experience attracts, as to an asylum, the most vile and abandoned crim- 
inals, and at the same time deters useful citizens from making settlements 
in such society. The extreme necessity of judiciary attention and assist- 
ance is "experienced in civil as well as in criminal cases. * * * * Xo 
minister a remedy to these and other evils, it occurs to this committee 
that it is expedient that a division of said territory into two distinct and 
separate governments should be made ; and that such division be made 
by a line beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami River, running 
directly north until it intersects the boundary between the United States 
and Canada." 

The report was accepted by Congress, and, in accordance with its 
suggestions, that body passed an Act extinguishing the Northwest Terri- 
tory, which Act was approved May 7. Among its provisions were these : 

" That from and after July 4 next, all that part of the Territory of 
the United States northwest of the Ohio River, which lies to the westward 
of a line beginning at a point on the Ohio, opposite to the mouth of the 
Kentucky River, and running thence to Fort Recovery, and thence north 
until it shall intersect the territorial line between the United States and 
Canada, shall, for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a 
separate territory, and be called the Indiana Territory." 

After providing for the exercise of the civil and criminal powers of 
the territories, and other provisions, the Act further provides: 

" That until it shall otherwise be ordered by the Legislatures of the 
said Territories, respectively, Chillicothe on the Scioto River shall be the 
seat of government of the Territory of the United States northwest of the 
Ohio River ; and that St. Vincennes on the Wabash River shall be the 
seat of government for the Indiana Territory." 

Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison was appointed Governor of the Indiana 
Territory, and entered upon his duties about a year later. Connecticut 
also about this time released her claims to the reserve, and in March a law 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 67 

was passed accepting this cession. Settlements had been made upon 
thirty-five of the townships in the reserve, mills had been built, and seven 
hundred miles of road cut in various directions. On the 3d of November 
the General Assembly met at Chillicothe. Near the close of the year, 
the first missionary of the Connecticut Reserve came, who found no 
township containing more than eleven families. It was upon the first of 
October that the secret treaty had been made between Napoleon and the 
King of Spain, whereby the latter agreed to cede to France the province 
of Louisiana. 

In January, 1802, the Assembly of the Northwestern Territory char- 
tered the college at Athens. From the earliest dawn of the western 
colonies, education was promptly provided for, and as early as 1787, 
newspapers were issued from Pittsburgh and Kentucky, and largely read 
throughout the frontier settlements. Before the close of this year, the 
Congress of the United States granted to the citizens of the Northwestern 
territory the formation of a State government. One of the provisions of 
the "compact of 1787" provided that whenever the number of inhabit- 
ants within prescribed limits exceeded 45,000, they should be entitled to 
a separate government. The prescribed limits of Ohio contained, from a 
census taken to ascertain the legality of the act, more than that number, 
and on the 30th of April, 1802, Congress passed the act defining its limits, 
and on the 29th of November the Constitution of the new State of Ohio, 
so named from the beautiful river forming its southern boundary, came 
into existence. The exact limits of Lake Michigan were not then known, 
but the territory now included within the State of Michigan was wholly 
within the territory of Indiana. 

Gen. Harrison, while residing at Vincennes, made several treaties 
with the Indians, thereby gaining large tracts of lands. The next year is 
memorable in the history of the West for the purchase of Louisiana from 
France by the United States for $15,000,000. Thus by a peaceful mode, 
the domain of the United States was extended over a large tract of 
country west of the Mississippi, and was for a time under the jurisdiction 
of the Northwest government, and, as has been mentioned in the early 
part of this narrative, was called the "New Northwest." The limits 
of this history will not allow a description of its territory. The same year 
large grants of land were obtained from the Indians, and the House of 
Representatives of the new State of Ohio signed a bill respecting the 
College Township in the district of Cincinnati. 

Before the close of the year, Gen. Harrison obtained additional 
grants of lands from the various Indian nations in Indiana and the present 
limits of Illinois, and on the 18th of August, 1804, completed a treaty at 
St. Louis, whereby over 51,000,000 acres of lands were obtained from the 



68 THE NORTHWEST TEERITOBY. 

aborigines. Measures were also taken to learn the condition of affairs in 
and about Detroit. 

C. Jouett, the Indian agent in Michigan, still a part of Indiana Terri- 
tory, reported as follows upon the condition of matters at that post : 

" The Town of Detroit. — The charter, which is for fifteen miles 
square, was granted in the time of Louis XIV. of France, and is now, 
from the best information I have been able to get, at Quebec. Of those 
two hundred and twenty-five acres, only four are occupied by the town 
and Fort Lenault. The remainder is a common, except twenty-four 
acres, which were added twenty years ago to a farm belonging to Wm. 
Macomb. * * * A stockade incloses the town, fort and citadel. The 
pickets, as well as the public houses, are in a state of gradual decay. The 
streets are narrow, straight and regular, and intersect each other at right 
angles. The houses are, for the most part, low and inelegant.*' 

During this year. Congress granted a township of laud for the sup- 
port of a college, and began to offer inducements for settlers in these 
wilds, and the country now comprising the State of Michigan began to 
fill rapidly with settlers along its southern borders. This same year, also, 
a law was passed organizing the Southwest Territory, dividing it into two 
portions, the Territory- of New Orleans, which eit}'- was made the seat of 
Qfovernmeut, and the District of Louisiana, which was annexed to the 
domain of Gen. Harrison. 

On the 11th of Januar3% 1805, the Territory of Michigan was formed, 
Wm. Hull was appointed governor, with headquarters at Detroit, the 
change to take effect on June 30. On the 11th of that month, a fire 
occurred at Detroit, which destroyed almost every building in the place. 
When the officers of the new territorv reached the post, they found it in 
ruins, and the inhabitants scattered throughout the country. Rebuild- 
ing, ho\yever, soon commenced, and ere long the town contained more 
houses than before the fire, and many of them much better built. 

While this was being done, Indiana had passed to the second grade 
of government, and through her General Assembly had obtained large 
tracts of land from the Indian tribes. To all this the celebrated Indian, 
Tecumthe or Tecumseh, vigorously protested, and it was the main cause 
of his attempts to unite the various Indian tribes in a conflict with the 
settlers. To obtain a full account of these attempts, the workings of the 
British, and the signal failure, culminating in the death of Tecumseh at 
the battle of tlie Thames, and the close of the war of 1812 in the Northwest, 
we will step aside in our story, and relate the principal events of his life, 
and his connection with this conflict. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY, 



6tf 




TECUMSEH, THE SHAWANOE CHIEFTAIN. 



70 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



TECUMSEH, AND THE WAR OF 1812. 

This famous Indian chief was born about the year 1768, not far from 
the site of the present City of Piqua, Ohio. His father, Puckeshinwa, 
was a member of the Kisopok tribe of the Swanoese nation, and his 
mother, Methontaske, was a member of the Turtle tribe of the same 
people. They removed from Florida about the middle of the last century 
to the birthplace of Tecumseh. In 1774, his father, who had risen to be 
chief, was slain at the battle of Point Pleasant, and not long after Tecum- 
seh, by his bravery, became the leader of his tribe. In 1795 he was 
declared chief, and then lived at Deer Creek, near the site of tlie 
present City of Urbana. He remained here about one year, when he 
returned to Piqua, and in 1798, he went to White River, Indiana. In 
1805, he and his brother, Laulewasikan (Open Door), who had announced 
himself as a prophet, went to a tract of land on the Wabash River, given 
them by the Pottawatomies and Kickapoos. From this date the chiei 
comes into prominence. He was now about thirty-seven years of age, 
was five feet and ten inches in height, was stoutly built, and possessed of 
enormous powers of endurance. His countenance was naturally pleas- 
ing, and he was, in general, devoid of those savage attributes possessed 
by most Indians. It is stated he could read and write, and had a confi- 
dential secretary and adviser, named Billy Caldwell, a half-breed, who 
afterward became chief of the Pottawatomies. He occupied the first 
house built on the site of Chicago. At this time, Tecumseh entered 
upon the great work of his life. He had long objected to the grants of 
land made by the Indians to the whites, and determined to unite all the 
Indian tribes into a league, in order that no treaties or grants of land 
could be made save by the consent of this confederation. 

He traveled constantly, going from north to south ; from the south 
to the north, everywhere urging the Indians to this step. He was a 
matchless orator, and his burning words had their effect. 

Gen. Harrison, then Governor of Indiana, by watching the move- 
ments of the Indians, became convinced that a grand conspiracy was 
forming, and made preparations to defend the settlements. Tecuraseh's 
plan was similar to Pontiac's, elsewhere described, and to the cunning 
artifice of that chieftain was added his own sagacity. 

During the year 1809, Tecumseh and the prophet were actively pre- 
paring for the work. In that year, Gen. Harrison entered into a treaty 
with the Delawares, Kickapoos, Pottawatomies, Miamis, Eel River Indians 
and Weas, in which these tribes ceded to the whites certain lands upon 
the Wabash, to all of which Tecumseh entered a bitter protest, averring 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 71 

as one principal reason that he did not want the Indians to give up any 
lands north and west of the Ohio River. 

Tecumseh, in August, 1810, visited the General at Vincennes and 
held a council relating to the grievances of the Indians. Becoming unduly 
angry at this conference he was dismissed from the village, and soon after 
departed to incite the southern Indian tribes to the conflict. 

Gen. Harrison determined to move upon the chief's headquarters at 
Tippecanoe, and for this purpose went about sixty-five miles up the 
Wabash, where he built Fort Harrison. From this place he went to the 
prophet's town, where he informed the Indians he had no hostile inten- 
tions, provided they were true to the existing treaties. He encamped 
near the village early in October, and on the morning of November 7, he 
was attacked by a large force of the Indians, and the famous battle of 
Tippecanoe occurred. The Indians were routed and their town broken 
up. Tecumseh returning not long after, was greatly exasperated at his 
brother, the prophet, even threatening to kill him for rashly precipitating 
the war, and foiling his (Tecumseh's) plans. 

Tecumseh sent word to Gen. Harrison that he was now returned 
from the South, and was ready to visit the President as had at one time 
previously been proposed. Gen. Harrison informed him he could not go 
as a chief, which method Tecumseh desired, and the visit was never 
made. 

In June of the following year, he visited the Indian agent at 
Fort Wayne. Here he disavowed any intention to make a war against 
the United States, and reproached Gen. Harrison for marching against his 
people. The agent replied to this ; Tecumseh listened with a cold indif- 
ference, and after making a few general remarks, with a haughty air drew 
his blanket about him, left the council house, and departed for Fort Mai- 
den, in Upper Canada, where he joined the British standard. 

He remained under this Government, doing effective work for the 
Crown while engaged in the war of 1812 which now opened. He was, 
however, always humane in his treatment of the prisoners, never allow- 
ing his warriors to ruthlessly mutilate the bodies of those slain, or wan- 
tonly murder the captive. 

In the Summer of 1813, Perry's victory on Lake Erie occurred, and 
shortly after active preparations were made to capture Maiden. On the 
27th of September, the American army, under Gen. Harrison, set sail for 
the shores of Canada, and in a few hours stood around the ruins of Mai- 
den, from which the British army, under Proctor, had retreated to Sand- 
wich, intending to make its way to the heart of Canada by the Valley of 
the Thames. On the 29th Gen. Harrison was at Sandwich, and Gen. 
McArthur took possession of Detroit and the territory of Michigan. 



72 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



On the 2d of October, the Americans began their pursuit of Proctor, 
whom they overtook on the 5th, and the battle of the Thames followed. 
Early in the engagement, Tecumseh. who was at the head of the column 
of Indians was slain, and they, no longer hearing the voice of their chief- 
tain, fled. The victory was decisive, and practically closed the war in 
the Northwesto 




INDIANS ATTACKING A STOCKADE. 



Just who killed the great chief has been a matter of much dispute ; 
but the weight of opinion awards the act to Col. Richard M. Johnson, 
who fired at him with a pistol, the shot proving fatal. 

In 1805 occurred Burr's Insurrection. He took possession of a 
beautiful island in the Ohio, after the killing of Hamilton, and is charged 
by many with attempting to set up an independent government. His 
plans were frustrated by the general government, his property confiscated 
and he was compelled to flee the country for safety. 



THE NORTETWEST TERRITORY. 73 

In January, 1807, Governor Hull, of Michigan Territory, made a 
treaty with the Indians, whereby all that peninsula was ceded to the 
United States. Before the close of the year, a stockade was built about 
Detroit. It was also during this year that Indiana and Illinois endeavored 
to obtain the repeal of that section of the c.ompact of 1787, whereby 
slavery was excluded from the Northwest Territory. These attempts, 
however, all signally failed. 

In 1809 it was deemed advisable to divide the Indiana Territory. 
This was done, and the Territory of Illinois was formed from the western 
part, the seat of government being fixed at Kaskaskia. The next year, 
the intentions of Tecumseh manifested themselves in open hostilities, and 
then began the events already narrated. 

While this war was in progress, emigration to the West went on with 
surprising rapidity. In 1811, under Mr. Roosevelt of New York, the 
first steamboat trip was made on the Ohio, much to the astonishment of 
the natives, many of whom fled in terror at the appearance of the 
" monster," It arrived at Louisville on the 10th day of October. At the 
close of the first week of January, 1812, it arrived at Natchez, after being 
nearly overwhelmed in the great earthquake which occurred while on its 
downward trip. 

The battle of the Thames was fought on October 6, 1813. It 
effectually closed hostilities in the Northwest, although peace was not 
fully restored until July 22, 1814, when a treaty was formed at Green- 
ville, under the direction of General Harrison, between the United States 
and the Indian tribes, in which it was stipulated that the Indians should 
cease hostilities against the Americans if the war were continued. Such, 
happily, was not the case, and on the 24th of December the treaty 
of Ghent was signed by the representatives of England and the United 
States. This treaty was followed the next year by treaties with various 
Indian tribes throughout the West and Northwest, and quiet was again 
restored in this part of the new world. 

On the 18th of March, 1816, Pittsburgh was incorporated as a city. 
It then had a population of 8,000 people, and was already noted for its 
manufacturing interests. On April 19, Indiana Territory was allowed 
to form a state government. At that time there were thirteen counties 
organized, containing about sixty-three thousand inhabitants. The first 
election of state officers was held in August, when Jonathan Jennings 
was chosen Governor. The officers were sworn in on November 7, and 
on December 11, the State was formally admitted into the Union. For 
some time the seat of government was at Corydon, but a more central 
location being desirable, the present capital, Indianapolis (City of Indiana), 
was laid out January 1, 1825. 



74 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

On the 28th of December the Bank of Illinois, at Shawneetown, was 
chartered, with a capital of $300,000. At this period all banks were 
under the control of the States, and were allowed to establish bran^rshes 
at different convenient points. 

Until this time Chillicothe and Cincinnati had in turn enjoyed the 
privileges of being the capital of Ohio. But the rapid settlement of the 
northern and eastern portions of the State demanded, as in Indiana, a 
more central location, and before the close of the year, the site of Col- 
umbus was selected and surveyed as the future capital of the State. 
Banking had begun in Ohio as early as 1808, when the first bank was 
chartered at Marietta, but here as elsewhere it did not bring to the state 
the hoped-for assistance. It and other banks were subsequently unable 
to redeem their currency, and were obliged to suspend. 

In 1818, Illinois was made a state, and all the territory north of her 
northern limits was erected into a separate territory and joined to Mich- 
igan for judicial purposes. By the following year, navigation of the lakes 
was increasing with great rapidity and affording an immense source of 
revenue to the dwellers in the Northwest, but it was not until 1826 that 
the trade was extended to Lake Michigan, or that steamships began to 
navigate the bosom of that inland sea. 

Until the year 1832, the commencement of the Black Hawk War, 
but few hostilities were experienced with the Indians. Roads were 
opened, canals were dug, cities were built, common schools were estab- 
lished, universities were founded, many of which, especially the Michigan 
University, have achieved a world wide-reputation. The people were 
becoming wealthy. The domains of the United States had been extended, 
and had the sons of the forest been treated with honesty and justice, the 
record of many years would have been that of peace and continuous pros- 
perity. 

BLACK HAWK AND THE BLACK HAWK WAR. 

This conflict, though confined to Illinois, is an important epoch in 
the Northwestern history, being the last war with the Indians in this part 
of the United States. 

Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah, or Black Hawk, was born in the principal 
Sac village, about three miles from the junction of Rock River with the 
Mississippi, in the year 1767. His father's name was Py-e-sa or Pahaes ; 
his grandfather's, Na-na-ma-kee, or the Thunderer. Black Hawk early 
distinguished himself as a warrior, and at the age of fifteen was permitted 
to paint and was ranked among the braves. About the year 1783, he 
went on an expedition against the enemies of his nation, the Osages, one 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



75 




BLACK HAWK, THE SAC CHIEFTAIN. 



76 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

of whom he killed and scalped, and for this deed of Indian bravery he was 
permitted to join in the scalp dance. Three or four years after he, at the 
head of two hundred braves, went on another expedition against the 
Osages, to avenge the murder of some women and children belonging to , 
his own tribe. Meeting an equal number of Osage warriors, a fierce 
battle ensued, in which the latter tribe lost one-half their number. The 
Sacs lost only about nineteen warriors. He next attacked the Cherokees 
for a similar cause. In a severe battle with them, near the present City 
of St. Louis, his father was slain, and Black Hawk, taking possession of 
the " Medicine Bag," at once announced himself chief of the Sac nation. 
He had now conquered the Cherokees, and about the year 1800, at the 
head of live hundred Sacs and Foxes, and a hundred lowas, he waged 
Avar against the Osage nation and subdued it. For two years he battled 
successfully with other Indian tribes, all of whom he conquered. 

Black Hawk does not at any time seem to have been friendly to 
the Americans. When on a visit to St. Louis to see his '* S[)anish 
Father," he declined to see any of the Americans, alleging, as a reason, 
he did not want ttoo fathers. 

The treaty at St. Louis was consummated in 1804. The next year the 
United States Government erected a fort near the head of the Des Moines 
Rapids, called Fort Edwards. This seemed to enrage Black Hawk, who 
at once determined to capture Fort Madison, standing on the west side of 
the Mississippi above the mouth of the Des Moines River. The fort was 
^•arrisoned by about fifty men. Here he was defeated. The difficulties 
with the British Government arose about this time, and the War of 1812 
followed. That government, extending aid to the Western Indians, by 
living them arms and ammunition, induced them to remain hostile to the 
Americans. In August, 1812, Black Hawk, at the head of about five 
hundred braves, started to join the British forces at Detroit, passing on 
his way the site of Chicago, where the famous Fort Dearborn jSIassacre 
' \i few days before occurred. Of his connection with the British 
_ L . ernment but little is known. In 1813 he with his little band descended 
the Mississippi, and attacking some United States troops at Fort Howard 
was defeated. 

In the early part of 1815, the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi 
were notified that peace had been declared between the United States 
■and England, and nearly all hostilities had ceased. Black Hawk did not 
sign any treaty, however, until May of the following year. He then recog- 
nized the validity of the treaty at St. Louis in 1804. From the time of 
signing this treaty in 1816, until the breaking out of the war in 1832, he 
and his band passed their time in the common pursuits of Indian life. 

Ten years before the commencement of this war, the Sac and Fox 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 77 

Indians were urged to join the lowas on the west bank of the Father of 
Waters. All were agreed, save the band known as the British Band, of 
which Black Hawk was leader. He strenuously objected to the removal, 
and was induced tocomply only after being threatened with the power of 
the Government. This and various actions on the part of the white set- 
tlers provoked Black Hawk and his band to attempt the capture of his 
native village now occupied by the whites. The war followed. He and 
his actions were undoubtedly misunderstood, and had his wishes been 
acquiesced in at the beginning of the struggle, much bloodshed would 
have been prevented. 

Black Hawk was chief now of the Sac and Fox nations, and a noted 
warrior. He and his tribe inhabited a village on Rock River, nearly three 
miles above its confluence with the Mississippi, where the tribe had lived 
many generations. When that portion of Illinois was reserved to them, 
they remained in peaceable possession of their reservation, spending their 
time in the enjoyment of Indian life. The fine situation of their village 
and the quality of their lands incited the more lawless white settlers, who 
from time to time began to encroach upon the red men's domain. From 
one pretext to another, and from one step to another, the crafty white 
men gained a foothold, until through whisky and artifice they obtained 
deeds from many of the Indians for their possessions. The Indians were 
finally induced to cross over the Father of Waters and locate among the 
lowas. Black Hawk was strenuously opposed to all this, but as the 
authorities of Illinois and the United States thought this the best move, he 
was forced to comply. Moreover other tribes joined the whites and urged 
the removal. Black Hawk would not agree to the terms of the treaty 
made with his nation for their lands, and as soon as the military, called to 
enforce his removal, had retired, he returned to the Illinois side of the 
river. A large force was at once raised and marched against him. On 
the evening of May 14, 1832, the first engagement occurred between a 
band from this army and Black Hawk's band, in which the former were 
defeated. 

This attack and its result aroused the whites. A large force of men 
was raised, and Gen. Scott hastened from the seaboard, by way of the 
lakes, with United States troops and artillery to aid in the subjugation of 
the Indians. On the 24th of June, Black Hawk, with 200 warriors, was 
repulsed by Major Demont between Rock River and Galena. The Ameri- 
can army continued to move up Rock River toward the main body of 
the Indians, and on the 21st of July came upon Black Hawk and his band, 
and defeated them near the Blue Mounds. 

Before this action. Gen. Henry, in command, sent word to the main 
army by whom he was immediately rejoined, and the whole crossed the 

N'oTE.— The above is the generally accepted version of the cause of the Black Hawk War, but in our History of 
Jo Daviess County. 111., we had occasii. n to go to the bottom of this matter, and have, we think, found the actual 
cause of the war, which will be found on page 157. 



(8 THE NORTHWEST TERKITORy. 

"Wisconsin in pursuit of Black Hawk and his band who were fleeing to the 
Mississippi. They were overtaken on the 2d of August, and in the battle 
which followed the power of the Indian chief was completely broken. He 
fled, but was seized by the Winnebagoes and delivered to the whites. 

On the 21st of September, 1832, Gen. Scott and Gov. Reynolds con- 
cluded a treaty with the Winnebagoes, Sacs and Foxes by which they 
ceded to the United States a vast tract of country, and agreed to remain 
peaceable with the whites. For the faithful performance of the provi- 
sions of this treaty on the part of the Indians, it was stipulated that 
Black Hawk, his two sons, the prophet Wabokieshiek, and six other chiefs, 
of the hostile bands should be retained as hostages during the pleasure 
of the President. They were confined at Fort Barracks and put in irons. 

The next Spring, by order of the Secretary of War, they were taken 
to Washington. From there they were removed to Fortress Monroe, 
"there to remain until the conduct of their nation was such as to justify 
their being set at liberty." They were retained here until the 4th of 
June, when the authorities directed them to be taken to the principal 
cities so that they might see the folly of contending against the white 
people. Everj^where they were observed by thousands, the name of the 
old chief being cKtensively known. By the middle of August they 
reached Fort Armstrong on Rock Island, where Black Hawk was soon 
after released to go to his countrymen. As he passed the site of his birth- 
place, now the home of the white man, he was deeply moved. His village 
where he was born, where he had so happily lived, and where he had 
hoped to die, was now another's dwelling place, and he was a wanderer. 

On the next day after his release, he went at once to his tribe and 
his lodge. His wife was yet living, and with her he passed the remainder 
of his days. To his credit it may be said that Black Hawk always re- 
mained true to his wife, and served her with a devotion uncommon among 
the Indians, living with her upward of forty years. 

Black Hawk now passed his time hunting and fishing. A deep mel- 
ancholy had settled over him from which he could not be freed. At all 
times when he visited the whites he was received with marked atten- 
tion. He was an honored guest at the old settlers' reunion in Lee County, 
Illinois, at some of their meetings, and received many tokens of esteem. 
In September, 1838, while on his way to Rock Island to receive his 
annuity from the Government, he contracted a severe cold which resulted 
in a fatal attack of bilious fever which terminated his life on October 3. 
His faithful wife, who was devotedly attached to him, mourned deeply 
during his sickness. After his death he was dressed in the uniform pre- 
sented to him by the President while in Washington. He was buried in 
a grave six feet in depth, situated upon a beautiful eminence. " The 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 79 

body was placed in the middle of the grave, in a sitting posture, upon a 
seat constructed for the purpose. On his left side, the cane, given him 
by Henry Clay, was placed upright, with his right hand resting upon it. 
Many of the old warrior's trophies were placed in the grave, and some 
Indian garments, together with his favorite weapons.'" 

No sooner was the Black Hawk war concluded than settlers began 
rapidly to pour into the northern parts of Illinois, and into Wisconsin, 
now free from Indian depredations. Chicago, from a trading post, had 
grown to a commercial center, and was rapidly coming into prominence. 
In 1835, the formation of a State Government in Michigan was discussed, 
but did not take active form until two years later, when the State became 
a part of the Federal Union. 

The main attraction to that portion of the Northwest lying west of 
Lake Michigan, now included in the State of Wisconsin, was its alluvial 
wealth. Copper ore was found about Lake Superior. For some time this 
region was attached to Michigan for judiciary purposes, but in 1830 was 
made a territory, then including Minnesota and Iowa. The latter State 
was detached two years later. In 1848, Wisconsin was admitted as a 
State, Madison being made the capital. We have now traced the various 
divisions of the Northwest Territory (save a little in Minnesota) from 
the time it was a unit comprising this vast territor}', until circumstances 
compelled its present division. 

OTHER INDIAN TROUBLES. 

Before leaving this part of the narrative, we will narrate briefly the 
Indian troubles in Minnesota and elsewhere by the Sioux Indians. 

In August, 1862, the Sioux Indians living on the western borders of 
Minnesota fell upon the unsuspecting settlers, and in a few hours mas- 
sacred ten or twelve hundred persons. A distressful panic was the 
immediate result, fully thirty thousand persons fleeing from their homes 
to districts supposed to be better protected. The military authorities 
at once took active measures to punish the savages, and a large number 
were killed and captured. About a year after, Little Crow, the chief, 
was killed by a Mr. Lampson near Scattered Lake. Of those captured, 
thirty were hung at Mankato, and the remainder, through fears of mob 
violence, were removed to Camp McClellan, on the outskirts of the City 
of Davenport. It was here that Big Eagle came into prominence and 
secured his release by the following order : 



80 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 




BIG EAGLE. 



THE NOETHWEST TERRITORY. 01 

"Special Order, No. 430. "War Department, 

" Adjutant General's Office, Washington, Dec. 3, 1864. 

" Big Eagle, an Indian now in confinement at Davenport, Iowa,, 
will, upon the receipt of this order, be immediately released from confine- 
ment and set at liberty. 

" By order of the President of the United States. 
" Official : " E. D. TowNSEND, Ass't Adft Gen. 

" Capt. James Vanderventer, Com'y Sub. Vols. 

" Through Com'g Gen'l, Washington, D. C." 

Another Indian who figures more prominently than Big Eagle, and 
who was more cowardly in his nature, with his band of Modoc Indians, 
is noted in the annals of the New Northwest: we refer to Captain Jack. 
This distinguished Indian, noted for his cowardly murder of Gen. Canby, 
was a chief of a Modoc tribe of Indians inhabiting the border lands 
between California and Oregon. This region of country comprises what 
is known as the " Lava Beds," a tract of land described as utterly impene- 
trable, save by those savages who had made it their home. 

The Modocs are known as an exceedingly fierce and treacherous 
race. They had, according to their own traditions, resided here for many 
generations, and at one time were exceedingly numerous and powerful. 
A famine carried off nearly half their numbers, and disease, indolence 
and the vices of the white man have reduced them to a poor, weak and 
insignificant tribe. 

Soon after the settlement of California and Oregon, complaints began 
to be heard of massacres of emigrant trains passing through the Modoo 
country. In 1847, an emigrant train, comprising eighteen souls, was en- 
tirely destroyed at a place since known as " Bloody Point." These occur- 
rences caused the United States Government to appoint a peace commission^ 
who, after repeated attempts, in 1864, made a treaty with the Modocs, 
Snakes and Klamaths, in Avhich it was agreed on their part to remove to 
a reservation set apart for them in the southern part of Oregon. 

With the exception of Captain Jack and a band of his followers, who 
remained at Clear Lake, about six miles from Klamath, all the Indians 
complied. The Modocs who went to the reservation were under chief 
Schonchin. Captain Jack remained at the lake without disturbance 
until 1869, when he was also induced to remove to the reservation. The 
Modocs and the Klamaths soon became involved in a quarrel, and Captain 
Jack and his band returned to the Lava Beds. 

Several attempts were made by the Indian Commissioners to induce 
them to return to the reservation, and finally becoming involved in a 



82 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

difficulty with the commissioner and his military escort, a fight ensued, 
in which the chief and his band were routed. They were greatly enraged, 
and on their retreat, before the day closed, killed eleven inoffensive whites. 

The nation was aroused and immediate action demanded. A com- 
mission was at once appointed by the Government to see what could be 
done. It comprised the following persons : Gen. E. R. S. Canby, Rev. 
Dr. E. Thomas, a leading Methodist divine of California ; Mr. A. B. 
Meacham, Judge Rosborough, of California, and a Mr. Dyer, of Oregon. 
After several interviews, in which the savages were always aggressive, 
often appearing with scalps in their belts, Bogus Charley came to the 
commission on the evening of April 10, 1873, and informed them that 
Capt. Jack and his band would have a " talk " to-morrow at a place near 
Clear Lake, about three miles distant. Here the Commissioners, accom- 
panied by Charley, Riddle, the interpreter, and Boston Charley repaired. 
After the usual greeting the council proceedings commenced. On behalf 
of the Indians there were present : Capt. Jack, Black Jim, Schnac Nasty 
Jim, Ellen's Man, and Hooker Jim. They had no guns, but carried pis- 
tols. After short speeches by Mr. Meacham, Gen. Canby and Dr. Thomas, 
Chief Schonchin arose to speak. He had scarcely proceeded when, 
as if by a preconcerted arrangement, Capt. Jack drew his pistol and shot 
Gen. Canby dead. In less than a minute a dozen shots were fired by the 
savages, and the massacre completed. Mr. Meacham was shot by Schon- 
chin, and Dr. Thomas by Boston Charley. Mr. Dyer barely escaped, being 
fired at twice. Riddle, the interpreter, and his squaw escaped. The 
troops rushed to the spot where they found Gen. Canby and Dr. Thomas 
dead, and Mr. Meacham badly wounded. The savages had escaped to 
their impenetrable fastnesses and could not be pursued. 

The whole country was aroused by this brutal massacre ; but it was 
not until the following May that the murderers were brought to justice. 
At that time Boston Charley gave himself up, and offered to guide the 
troops to Capt. Jack's stronghold. This led to the capture of his entire 
gang, a number of whom were murdered by Oregon volunteers while on 
their way to trial. The remaining Indians were held as prisoners until 
July when their trial occurred, which led to the conviction of Capt. 
Jack, Schonchin, Boston Charley, Hooker Jim, Broncho, alias One-Eyed 
Jim, and Slotuck, who were sentenced to be hanged. These sentences 
were approved by the President, save in the case of Slotuck and Broncho 
whose sentences were commuted to imprisonment for life. The others 
were executed at Fort Klamath, October 3, 1873. 

These closed the Indian troubles for a time in the Northwest, and for 
several years the borders of civilization remained in peace. They were 
again involved in a conflict with the savages about the country of the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRLTOKY. 



83 




CAPTAIN JACK, THE MODOC CHIEFTAIN. 



«J4 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

Black Hills, in which war the gallant Gen. Custer lost his life. Just 
now the borders of Oregon and California are again in fear of hostilities ; 
but as the Government has learned how to deal with the Indians, they 
will be of short duration. The red man is fast passing away before the 
march of the white man, and a few more generations will read of the 
Indians as one of the nations of the past. 

The Northwest abounds in memorable places. We have generally 
noticed them in the narrative, but our space forbids their description in 
detail, save of the most important places. Detroit, Cincinnati, Vincennes, 
Kaskaskia and their kindred towns have all been described. But ere we 
leave the narrative we will present our readers Avith an account of the 
Kinzie house, the old landmark of Chicago, and the discovery of the 
source of the Mississippi River, each of which may well find a place in 
the annals of the Northwest. 

Mr. John Kinzie, of the Kinzie house, represented in the illustra- 
tion, established a trading house at Fort Dearborn in 1804. The stockade 
had been erected the year previous, and named Fort Dearborn in honor 
of the Secretary of War. It had a block house at each of the two angles, 
on the southern side a sallyport, a covered way on the north side, that led 
down to the river, for the double purpose of providing means of escape, 
and of procuring water in the event of a siege. 

Fort Dearborn stood on the south bank of the Chicago River, about 
half a mile from its mouth. When Major Whistler built it, his soldiers 
hauled all the timber, for he had no oxen, and so economically did he 
work that the fort cost the Government only fifty dollars. For a while 
the garrison could get no grain, and W histler and his men subsisted on 
acorns. Now Chicago is the greatest grain center in the world. 

Mr. Kinzie bought the hut of the first settler, Jean Baptiste Point aii 
Sable, on the site of which he erected his mansion. Within an inclosure 
in front he planted some Lombardy poplars, seen in the engraving, and in 
the rear he soon had a fine garden and growing orchard. 

In 1S12 the Kinzie house and its surroundings became the theater 
of stirring events. The garrison of Fort Dearborn consisted of fifty-four 
men. under the charge of Capt. Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant 
Lenai T. Helm (^son-in-law to Mrs. Kinzie), and Ensign Ronan. The 
surgeon was Dr. Voorhees. The only residents at the post at that time 
were the wives of Capt. Heald and Lieutenant Helm and a few of the 
soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and a few Canadian vo^-agers with their 
wives and children. The soldiers and Mr. Kinzie were on the most 
friendly terms with the Pottawatomies and the Winnebagoes, the prin- 
cipal tribes around them, but they could not win them from their attach- 
ment to the British. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



S5 



After the battle of Tippecanoe it was observed that some of the lead- 
ing chiefs became sullen, for some of their people had perished in that 
conflict with American troops. 

One evening in April, 1812, Mr. Kinzie sat playing his violin and his 
children were dancing to the music, when Mrs. Kinzie came rushing into 
the house pale with terror, and exclaiming, " The Indians ! the Indians ! " 
" What? Where ? " eagerly inquired Mr. Kinzie. " Up at Lee's, killing 
and scalping," answered the frightened mother, who, when the alarm was 
given, was attending Mrs. Burns, a newly-made mother, living not far off. 




KIWZIE HOUSE. 

Mr. Kinzie and his family crossed the river in boats, and took refuge in 
the fort, to which place Mrs. Burns and her infant, not a day old, were 
conveyed in safety to the shelter of the guns of Fort Dearborn, and the 
rest of the white inhabitants fled. The Indians were a scalping party of 
Winnebagoes, who hovered around the fort some days, when they dis- 
appeared, and for several weeks the inhabitants were not disturbed by 
alarms. 

Chicago was then so deep in the wilderness, that the news of the 
declaration of war against Great Britain, made on the 19th of June, 1812, 
did not reach the commander of the garrison at Fort Dearborn till the 7th 
of August. Now the fast mail train will carry a man from New York to 
Chicago in twenty-seven hours, and such a declaration might be sentj 
every word, by the telegraph in less than the same number of minutes. 



86 



THE KOETHWEST TERRITORY. 



PRESENT CONDITION OF THE NORTHWEST. 



Preceding chapters have brought us to the close of the Black Hawk 
war, and Ave now turn to the contemplation of the growth and prosperity 
of the Northwest under the smile of peace and the blessings of our civili- 
za.tion. The pioneers of this region date events back to the deep snow 







A EEPKESENTATIVE PIOJfEEE. 






of 1831, no one arriving here since that date taking first honors. The 
inciting cause of the immigration which overflowed the prairies early in 
the '30s was the reports of the marvelous beauty and fertility of the 
region distributed through the East by those who had participated in the 
Black Hawk campaign with Gen. Scott. Chicago and Milwaukee then 
had a few hundred inhabitants, and Gurdon S. Hubbard's trail from the 
former citv to Kaskaskia led almost through a wilderness. Veo-etables 
and clothing were largely distributed through the regions adjoining the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



87 



lakes by steamers from the Ohio towns. There are men now living in 
Illinois who came to the state when barely an acre was in cultivation, 
and a man now prominent in the business circles of Chicago looked over 
the swampy, cheerless site of that metropolis in 1818 and went south 
ward into civilization. Emigrants from Pennsylvania in 1830 left behind 




LINCOLN MONUMENT, SPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS. 

them but one small railway in the coal regions, thirty miles in length, 
and made their way to the Northwest mostly with ox teams, finding in 
Northern Illinois petty settlements scores of miles apart, although the 
southern portion of the state was fairly dotted with farms. The 
water courses of the lakes and rivers furnished transportation to the 
second great army of immigrants, and about 1850 railroads were 
pushed to that extent that the crisis of 1837 was precipitated upon us, 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



horn the effects of which the Western country had not fully recovered 
at the outbreak of the war. Hostilities found the colonists of the prairies 
folly alive to the demands of the occasion, and the honor of recruiting 

liliilliliitiiii'^l'^^il'^^ 




the vast armies of the Union fell largely to the Governors of the Western 
States. The struggle, on the whole, had a marked effect for the better on the 
new Northwest, giving it an impetus which twenty years of peace would not have 
produced. In a large degree, this prosperity was an inflated one; and, with 
ihe rest of the Union, we have since been compelled to atone therefor by four 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 89 

years of depression of values, of scarcity of employment, and loss of 
fortune. To a less degree, however, than the manufacturing or mining 
regions has the West suffered during the prolonged panic now so near its 
end. Agriculture, still the leading feature in our industries, has been 
quite prosperous through all these dark years, and the farmers have 
cleared away many incumbrances resting over them from the period of 
fictitious values. The population has steadily increased, the arts and 
sciences are gaining a stronger foothold, the trade area of the region is 
becoming daily more extended, and v\^e have been largely exempt from 
the financial calamities wMch have nearly wrecked communities on the 
seaboard dependent wholly on foreign commerce or domestic manufacture. 

At the present period there are no great schemes broached for the 
Northwest, no propositions for government subsidies or national works 
of improvement, but the capital of the world is attracted hither for the 
purchase of our products or the expansion of our capacity for serving ths 
nation at large. Anew era is dawning as to transportation, and we bid 
fair to deal almost exclusively with the increasing and expanding lines 
of steel rail running through every few miles of territory on the prairies. 
The lake marine will no doubt continue to be useful in the warmer 
season, and to serve as a regulator of freight rates; but experienced 
navigators forecast the decay of the system in moving to the seaboard 
the enormous crops of the West. Within the past five years it has 
become quite common to see direct shipments to Europe and the West 
Indies going through from the second-class towns along the Mississippi 
and Missouri. 

As to popular education, the standard has of late risen very greatly, 
and our schools would be creditable to any section of the Union. 

More and more as the events of the war pass into obscurity will the 
fate of the Northwest be linked with that of the Southwest, and the 
next Congressional apportionment will give the valley of the Mississippi 
absolute control of the legislation of the nation, and do much toward 
securing the removal of the Federal capitol to some more central location. 

Our public men continue to wield the full share of influence pertain- 
ing to their rank in the national autonomy, and seem not to forget that 
for the past sixteen years they and their constituents have dictated the 
principles which should govern the country. 

In a work like this, destined to lie on the shelves of the library for 
generations, and not doomed to daily destruction like a nevvspaper, one 
can not indulge in the same glowing predictions, the sanguine statements 
of actualities that fill the columns of ephemeral publications. Time may 
bring grief to the pet projects of a writer, and explode castles erected on 
a pedestal of facts. Yet there are unmistakable indications before us of 



90 THE NORTHWEST TEERITORY. 

the same radical change in onr great Northwest which characterizes its 
history- for the past thirty years. Our domain has a sort of natural 
geographical border, save where it melts away to the southward in the 
cattle raising districts of the southwest. 

Our prime interest will for some years doubtless be the growth of 
the food of the world, in which branch it has already outstripped all 
competitors, and our great rival in this duty will naturally be the fertile 
plains of Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado, to say nothing of the new 
empire so rapidly growing up in Texas. Over these regions there is a 
continued progress in agriculture and in railway building, and we must 
look to our laurels. Intelligent observers of events are fully aware of 
the strides made in the way of shipments of fresh meats to Europe, 
many of these ocean cargoes being actually slaughtered in the West and 
transported on ice to the wharves of the seaboard cities. That this new 
enterprise will continue there is no reason to doubt. There are in 
Chicago several factories for the canning of prepared meats for European 
consumption, and the orders for this class of goods are already immense. 
English capital is becoming daily more and more dissatisfied with railway 
loans and investments, and is gradually seeking mammoth outlays in 
lands and live stock. The stock yards in Chicago, Indianapolis and East 
St. Louis are yearlj^ increasing their facilities, and their plant steadily 
grows more valuable. Importations of blooded animals from the pro- 
gressive countries of Europe are destined to greatly improve the quality 
of our beef and mutton. Nowhere is there to be seen a more enticing 
display in this line than at our state and county fairs, and the interest 
in the matter is on the increase. 

To attempt to give statistics of our grain production for 1877 would 
be useless, so far have we surpassed ourselves in the quantity and 
quality of our product. We are too liable to forget that we are giving 
the world its first article of necessity — its food supply. An opportunity 
to learn this fact so it never can be forgotten was afforded at Chicago at 
the outbreak of the great panic of 1873, when Canadian purchasers, 
fearing the prostration of business mightbring about an anarchical condition 
of affairs, went to that city with coin in bulk and foreign drafts to secure 
their supplies in their own currency at first hands. It may be justly 
claimed by the agricultural community that their combined efforts gave 
the nation its first impetus toward a restoration of its crippled industries, 
and their labor brought the gold premium to a lower depth than the 
government was able to reach by its most intense efforts of legislation 
and compulsion. The hundreds of millions about to be disbursed for 
farm products have alread}-, by the antici|)ation common to all commercial 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITOEY. 



91 



nations, set the wheels in motion, and will relieve us from the perils so 
long shadowing our efforts to return to a healthy tone. 

Manufacturing has attained in the chief cities a foothold which bids 
fair to render the Northwest independent of the outside world. Nearly 




our whole region has a distribution of coal measures which will in time 
support the manufactures necessary to our comfort and prosperity. As 
to transportation, the chief factor in the production of all articles except 
food, no section is so magnificently endowed, and our facilities are yearly 
increasing beyond those of any other region. 



92 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

The period from a central point of the war to the outbreak of the 
panic was marked by a tremendous growth in our railway lines, but the 
depression of the times caused almost a total suspension of operations. 
NoAv that prosperity is returning to our stricken country we witness its 
anticipation by the railroad interest in a series of projects, extensions, 
and leases whicli bid fair to largely increase our transportation facilities. 
The process of foreclosure and sale of incumbered lines is another matter 
to be considered. In the case of the Illinois Central road, which formerly 
transferred to other lines at Cairo the vast burden of freight destined for 
the Gulf region, we now see the incorporation of the tracks connecting 
through to New Orleans, every mile co-operating in turning toward the 
northwestern metropolis the weight of the inter-state commerce of a 
thousand miles or more of fertile plantations. Three competing routes 
to Texas have established in Chicago their general freight and passenger 
agencies. Four or five lines compete for all Pacific freights to a point as 
as far as the interior of Nebraska. Half a dozen or more splendid bridge 
structures have been thrown across the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers by 
the railwavs. The Chicao-o and Northwestern line has become an ao-are- 
gation of over two thousand miles of rail, and the Chicago, Milwaukee 
and St. Paul is its close rival in extent and importance. The three lines 
running to Cairo via Vincennes form a through route for all traffic with 
the states to the southward. The chief projects now under discussion 
are the Chicago and Atlantic, which is to unite with lines now built to 
Charleston, and the Chicago and Canada Southern, which line will con- 
nect with all the various branches of that Canadian enterprise. Our 
latest new road is the Chicago and Lake Huron, formed of three lines, 
and entering the city from Valparaiso on the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne 
and Chicago track. The trunk lines being mainly in operation, the 
progress made in the way of shortening tracks, making air-line branches, 
and running extensions does not show to the advantage it deserves, as 
this process is constantly adding new facilities to the established order 
of things. The panic reduced the price of steel to a point where the 
railways could hardly afford to use iron rails, and all our northwestern 
lines report large relays of Bessemer track. The immense crops now 
being moved have given a great rise to the value of railway stocks, and 
their transportation must result in heavy pecuniary advantages. 

Few are aware of the importance of the wholesale and jobbing trade 
of Chicago. One leading firm has since the panic sold $24,000,000 of 
dry goods in one year, and they now expect most confidently to add 
seventy per cent, to the figures of their last year's business. In boots 
and shoes and in clothing, twenty or more great firms from the east have 
placed here their distributing agents or their factories ; and in groceries 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



93 



Chicago supplies the entire Northwest at rates presenting advantages 
over New York. 

Chicago has stepped in between New York and the rural banks as a 
financial center, and scarcely a banking institution in the grain or cattle 
regions but keeps its reserve funds in the vaults of our commercial insti- 
tutions. Accumulating here throughout the spring and summer months, 
they are summoned home at pleasure to move the products of the 
prairies. This process greatly strengthens the northwest in its financial 
operations, leaving home capital to supplement local operations on 
behalf of home interests. 

It is impossible to forecast the destiny of this grand and growing 
section of the Union. Figures and predictions made at this date might 
seem ten years hence so ludicrously small as to excite only derision. 







-,£e£'^^ 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 



95 



r 

CHICAGO. 

It is impossible in our brief space to give more than a meager sketch 
of such a city as Chicago, which is in itself the greatest marvel of the 
Prairie State. This mysterious, majestic, mighty city, born first of water, 
and next of fire ; sown in weakness, and raised in power ; planted among 
the willows of the marsh, and crowned with the glory of the mountains ; 
sleeping on the bosom of the prairie, and rocked on the bosom of the sea , 




CHICAGO IN lSo'3. 



the youngest city of the world, and still the eye of the prairie, as Damas- 
cus, the oldest city of the world, is the eye of the desert. With a com- 
merce far exceeding that of Corinth on her isthmus, in the highway to 
the East ; with the defenses of a continent piled around her by the thou- 
sand miles, making her far safer than Rome on the banks of the Tiber ; 



96 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 

with schools eclipsing Alexandria and Athens : with liberties more con- 
spicuous than those of the old republics ; with a heroism equal to the first 
Carthage, and with a sanctity scarcely second to that of Jerusalem— set 
your thoughts on all this, lifted into the eyes of all men by the miracle of 
its growth, illuminated by the flame of its fall, and transfigured by the 
divinity of its resurrection, and you will feel, as I do, the utter impossi- 
bility of compassing this subject as it deserves. Some impression of her 
importance is received from the shock her burning gave to the civilized 
world. 

When the doubt of her calamity was removed, and the horrid fact 
was accepted, there went a shudder over all cities, and a quiver over all 
lands. There was scarcely a town in the civilized world that did not 
shake on the brink of this opening chasm. The flames of our homes red- 
dened all skies. The city was set upon a hill, and could not be hid. All 
eyes were turned upon it. To have struggled and suffered amid the 
scenes of its fall is as distinguishing as to have fought at Thermopylae, or 
Salamis, or Hastings, or Waterloo, or Bunker Hill. 

Its calamity amazed the world, because it was felt to be the common 
property of mankind. 

The early history of the city is full of interest, just as the early his- 
tory of such a man as Washington or Lincoln becomes public property, 
and is cherished by every patriot. 

Starting with 560 acres in 1833, it embraced and occupied 23,000 
acres in 1869, and, having now a population of more than 500,000, it com- 
mands general attention. 

The first settler — Jean Baptiste Pointe au Sable, a mulatto from the 
West Indies — came and began trade with the Indians in 1796. John 
Kinzie became his successor in 1804, in which year Fort Dearborn was 
erected. 

A mere trading-post was kept here from that time till about the time 
of the Blackhawk war, in 1832. It was not the city. It was merely a 
cock crowing at midnight. The morning was not yet. In 1833 the set- 
tlement about the fort was incorporated as a town. The voters were 
divided on the propriety of such corporation, twelve voting for it; and one 
against it. Four years later it was incorporated as a city, and embraced 
560 acres. 

The produce handled in this city is an indication of its power. Grain 
and flour were imported from the East till as late as 1837. The first 
exportation by way of experiment was in 1839. Exports exceeded imports 
first in 1842. The Board of Trade was organized in 1848, but it was so 
weak that it needed nursing till 1855. Grain was purchased by the 
wagon-load in the street, 

I remember sitting with my father on a load of wheat, in the long 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 9T 

line of wagons along Lake street, while the buyers came and untied the 
bags, and examined the grain, and made their bids. That manner of 
business had to cease with the day of small things. Now our elevators 
will hold 15,000,000 bushels of grain. The cash value of the produce 
handled in a year is $215,000,000, and the produce weighs 7,000,000 
tons or 700,000 car loads. This handles thirteen and a half ton each 
minute, all the year round. One tenth of all the wheat in the United 
States is handled in Chicago. Even as long ago as 1853 the receipts of 
grain in Chicago exceeded those of the goodly city of St. Louis, and in 
1854 the exports of grain from Chicago exceeded those of New York and 
doubled those of St. Petersburg, Archangel, or Odessa, the largest grata 
markets in Europe. 

The manufacturing interests of the city are not contemptible. In 
1873 manufactories employed 45,000 operatives ; in 1876, 60,000. The 
manufactured product in 1875 was worth $177,000,000. 

No estimate of the size and power of Chicago would be adequate 
that did not put large emphasis on the railroads. Before they came 
thundering along our streets canals were the hope of our country. But 
who ever thinks now of traveling by canal packets ? In June, 1852, 
there were only forty miles of railroad connected with the city. The 
old Galena division of the Northwestern ran out to Elgin. But now, 
who can count the trains and measure the roads that seek a terminus or 
connection in this city ? The lake stretches away to the north, gathering 
in to this center all the harvests that might otherwise pass to the north 
of us. If you will take a map and look at the adjustment of railroads, 
you will see, first, that Chicago is the great railroad center of the world, 
as New York is the commercial city of this continent ; and, second, that 
the railroad lines form the iron spokes of a great wheel whose hub is 
this city. The lake furnishes the only break in the spokes, and this 
seems simply to have pushed a few spokes together on each shore. See 
the eighteen trunk lines, exclusive of eastern connections. 

Pass round the circle, and view their nuirbers and extent. There 
is the great Northwestern, with all its branches, one branch creeping 
along the lake shore, and so reaching to the north, into the Lake Superior 
regions, away to the right, and on to the Northern Pacific on the left, 
swinging around Green Bay for iron and copper and silver, twelve months 
in the year, and reaching out for the wealth of the great agricultural 
belt and isothermal line traversed by the Northern Pacific. Another 
branch, not so far north, feeling for the heart of the Badger State. 
Another pushing lower down the Mississippi — all these make many con- 
nections, and tapping all the vast wheat regions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, 
Iowa, and all the regions this side of sunset. There is that elegant road, 
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, running out a goodly number of 



98 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 




OLD FORT DEARBOKN, 1830. 




PEESENT SITE OF LAKE STKEET BlllDGE, CHICAGO, 1^ 1833. 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 99 

branches, and reaping the great fields this side of the Missouri River. 
I can only mention the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis, our Illinois Central, 
described elsewhere, and the Chicago & Rock Island. Further around 
we come to the lines connecting us with all the eastern cities. The 
Chicago, Indianapolis & St. Louis, the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & 
Chicago, the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, and the Michigan Cen. 
tral and Great Western, give us many highways to the seaboard. Thus we 
reach the Mississippi at five points, from St. Paul to Cairo and the Gulf 
itself by two routes. We also reach Cincinnati and Baltimore, and Pitts- 
burgh and Philadelphia, and New York. North and south run the water 
courses of the lakes and the rivers, broken just enough at this point to 
make a pass. Through this, from east to west, run the long lines that 
stretch from ocean to ocean. 

This is the neck of the glass, and the golden sands of commerce 
must pass into our hands. Altogether we have more than 10,000 miles 
of railroad, directly tributary to this city, seeking to unload their wealth 
in our coffers. All these roads have come themselves by the infallible 
instinct of capital. Not a dollar was ever given by the city to secure 
one of them, and only a small per cent, of stock taken originally by her 
citizens, and that taken simply as an investment. Coming in the natural 
order of events, they will not be easily diverted. 

There is still another showing to ail this. The connection between 
New York and San Francisco is by the middle route. This passes inevit- 
ably through Chicago. St. Louis wants the Southern Pacific or Kansas 
Pacific, and pushes it out through Denver, and so on up to Cheyenne. 
But before the road is fairly under way, the Chicago roads shove out to 
Kansas City, making even the Kansas Pacific a feeder, and actually leav- 
ing St. Louis out in the cold. It is not too much to expect that Dakota, 
Montana, and Washington Territory will find their great market in Chi- 
cago. 

But these are not all. Perhaps I had better notice here the ten or 
fifteen new roads that have just entered, or are just entering, our city. 
Their names are all that is necessary to give. Chicago & St. Paul, look- 
ing up the Red River country to the British possessions ; the Chicago, 
Atlantic & Pacific ; the Chicago, Decatur & State Line; the Baltimore & 
Ohio; the Chicago, Danville & Vincennes; the Chicago & LaSalle Rail- 
road ; the Chicago, Pittsburgh & Cincinnati ; the Chicago and Canada 
Southern ; the Chicago and IlUnois River Railroad. These, with their 
connections, and with the new connections of the old roads, already in 
process of erection, give to Chicago not less than 10,000 miles of new 
tributaries from the richest land on the continent. Thus there will be 
added to the reserve power, to the capital within reach of this city, not 
less than 11,000,000,000. 



100 HISTORY OF THE KORTUWEST. 

Add to all this transporting power the ships that sail one every nine 
minutes of the business hours of the season of navigation ; add, also, the 
canal boats that leave one every five minutes during the same time — and 
you will see something of the business of the city. 

THE Ce^MMERCE OF THIS CITY 

has been leaping along to keep pace with the growth of the country 
around us. In 1852, our commerce reached the hopeful sum of 
820,000,000. In 1870 it reached .-^100,000,000. In 1871 it was pushed 
up above 8150,000,000. And in 1875 it touched nearly double that. 

One-half of our imported goods come directly to Chicago. Grain 
enough is exported directly from oin- docks to the old world to employ a 
semi-weekly line of steamers of 3,000 tons capacity. This branch is 
not likely to be greatly developed. Even after the great Welland Canal 
is completed we shall have only fourteen feet of water. The great ocean 
vessels will continue to control the trade. 

The banking capital of Chicago is 821,131,000. Total exchange in 
1875, 8659,000,000. Her wholesale business in 1875 was 8291,000,000. 
The rate of taxes is less than in any other great city. 

The schools of Chicago are unsurpassed in America. Out of a popu- 
lation of 300,000 there were only 186 persons between the ages of six 
and twenty-one unable to read. This is the best known record. 

In 1881 the mail system was condensed into a half-breed, who went 
on foot to Niles, Mich., once in two weeks, and brought back what papers 
and news he could tind. As late as 1816 there was often only one mail 
a week. A post-office was established in Chicago in 1833, and the post- 
master nailed up old boot-legs on one side of his shop to serve as boxes 
for the nabobs and literary men. 

It is an interesting fact in the growth of the yoimg city that in the 
active life of the business men of that day the mail matter has grown to 
a daily average of over 6,500 pounds. It speaks equally well for the 
intelligence of the people and the commercial importance of the place, 
that the mail matter distributed to the territory immediately tributary to 
Chicago is seven times greater than that distributed to the territory 
immediately tributary to St. Louis. 

The improvements that have characterized the city are as startling 
as the city itself. In 1831, ^lark Beaubien established a ferry over the 
river, and put himself under bonds to carry all the citizens free for the 
privilege of charging strangers. Now there are twenty-four large brido-es 
and two tunnels. 

In 1833 the government expended 830,000 on the harbor. Then 
commenced that series of manoeuvers with the river that has made it one 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 101 

of the world's curiosities. It used to wind around in tlie lower end of 
the town, and make its way rippling over tlie sand into the lake at the 
foot of Madison street. Tliey took it up and put it down where it now 
is. It was a narrow stream, so narrow that even moderately small crafts 
had to go up through the willows and cat's tails to the point near Lake 
street bridge, and back up one of the branches to get room enough in 
which to turn around. 

In 1844 the quagmires in the streets were first pontooned by plank 
roads, which acted in wet weather as public squirt-guns. Keeping you 
out of the mud, they compromised by squirting the mud over you. The 
wooden-block pavements came to Chicago in 1857. In 1840 water was 
delivered by peddlers in carts or by hand. Then a twenty-five horse- 
power engine pushed it through hollow or bored logs along the streets 
till 1854, when it was introduced into the houses by new works. The 
first fire-engine was used in 1835, and the first steam fire-engine in 1859, 
Gas was utilized for lighting the city in 1850. The Young Men's Chris- 
tian Association was organized in 1858, and horse railroads carried them 
to their work in 1859. The museum was opened in 1863. The alarm 
telegraph adopted in 1864. The opera-house built in 1865. The city 
grew from 560 acres in 1833 to 23,000 in 1869. In 1834, the taxes 
amounted to $48.90, and the trustees of the town borrowed $60 more for 
opening and improving streets. In 1835, the legislature authorized a loan 
of $2,000, and the treasurer and street commissioners resigned rather than 
plunge the town into such a gulf. 

Now the city embraces 36 square miles of territory, and has 30 miles 
of water front, besides the outside harbor of refuge, of 400 acres, inclosed 
by a crib sea-wall. One-third of the city has been raised up an average 
of eight feet, giving good pitch to the 263 miles of sewerage. The water 
of the city is above all competition. It is received through two tunnels 
extending to a crib in the lake two miles from shore. The closest analy- 
sis fails to detect any impurities, and, received 35 feet below the surface, 
it is always clear and cold. The first tunnel is five feet two inches in 
diameter and two miles long, and can deliver 50,000,000 of gallons per 
day. The second tunnel is seven feet in diameter and six miles long, 
running four miles under the city, and can deliver 100,000,000 of gal- 
lons per day. This water is distributed through 410 miles of water- 
mains. 

The three grand engineering exploits of the city are : First, lifting 
the city up on jack-screws, whole squares at a time, without interrupting 
the business, thus giving us good drainage ; second, running the tunnels 
under the lake, giving us the best water in the world ; and third, the 
turning the current of the river in its own channel, delivering us from the 
old abominations, and making decency possible. They redound about 



102 HISTORY OF THE ^-ORTHWEST. 

eqiiallj to the credit of the engineering, to the energy of the people, and 
to the healtli of the city. 

That \yliioh really constitutes the city, its indescribable spirit, its soul, 
the way it lights up in every feature in the hour of action, has not been 
touched. In meeting strangers, one is often surprised how some homely 
women marry so well. Their forms are bad, their gait uneven and awk- 
ward, their complexion is dull, their features are misshapen and mismatch- 
ed, and when we see them there is no beauty that we should desire tliem. 
But when ouce they are aroused on some subject, the}' put on new pro- 
portions. They light up into great power. The real person comes out 
from its unseemh' ambush, and captures us at will. They have power. 
They have ability to cause things to come to pass. We no longer wonder 
why they are in such high demand. So it'is with our city. 

There is no grand scenery except the two seas, one of water, the 
other of prairie. Nevertheless, there is a spirit about it, a push, a breadth, 
a power, that soon makes it a place never to be forsaken. One soon 
ceases to believe in impossibilities. Balaams are the only prophets that are 
disappointed. The bottom that has been on the point of falling out has 
been there so long that it has grown fast. It can not fall out. It has all 
the capital of the world itching to get inside the corporation. 

The two great laws that govern the growth and size of cities are, 
first, the amount of territory for which they are the distributing and 
receiving points ; second, the number of medium or moderate dealers that 
do this distributing. Monopolists build up themselves, not the cities. 
They neither eat, wear, nor live in proportion to their business. Both 
these laws help Chicago. 

The tide of trade is eastward — not up or down the map, but across 
the map. The lake runs up a wingdam for 500 miles to gather in the 
business. Commerce can not ferry up there for seven months in the year, 
and the facilities for seven months can do the work for twelve. Then the 
great region west of us is nearly all good, productive land. Dropping 
south into the trail of St. Louis, you fall into vast deserts and rocky dis- 
tricts, useful in holding the world together. St. Louis and Cincinnati, 
instead of rivaling and hurting Chicago, are her greatest sureties of 
dominioD. They are far enough away to give sea-room, — farther oif than 
Paris is from London, — and yet they are near enough to prevent the 
springing up of any other great city between them. 

St. Louis will be helped by the opening of the Mississippi, but also 
hurt. That will put New Orleans on her feet, and with a railroad running 
over into Texas and so West, she will tap the streams that now crawl up 
the Texas and ^Missouri road. The current is East, not North, and a sea- 
port at New Orleans can not permanently help St. Louis. 

Chicago is in the lield almost alone, to handle the wealth of one- 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 103 

fourth of the territory of this great republic. This strip of seacoast 
divides its margins between Portland, Boston, New York, Philade'^phia, 
Baltimore and Savannah, or some other great port to be created f( • the 
South in the next decade. ButCliicago has a dozen empires casting their 
treasures into her lap. On a bed of coal that can run all the machinery 
of the world for 500 centuries ; in a garden that can feed the race by the 
thousand years ; at the head of the lakes that give her a temperature as a 
summer resort equaled by no great city in the land ; with a climate that 
insures the health of her citizens ; surrounded by all the great deposits 
of natural wealth in mines aud forests and herds, Chicago is the wonder 
of to-day, and will be the city of the future. 

MASSACRE AT FORT DEARBORN. 

During the war of 1812, Port Dearborn became the theater of stirring 
events. The garrison consisted of fifty-four men under command of 
Captain Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant Helm (son-in-law of Mrs. 
Kinzie) and Ensign Ronan. Dr. Voorhees was surgeon. The only resi- 
dents at the post at that time were the wives of Captain Heald and Lieu- 
tenant Helm, and a few of the soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and 
a few Canadian voyageurs^ with their wives and children. The soldiers 
and Mr. Eanzie were on most friendly terms with the Pottawattamies 
and Winnebagos, the principal tribes around them, but they could not 
win them from their attachment to the British. 

One evening in April, 1812, Mr. Kinzie sat playing on his violin and 
his children were dancing to the music, when Mrs. Kinzie came rushing 
into the house, pale with terror, and exclaiming: "The Indians! the 
Indians!" "What? Where?" eagerly inquired Mr. Kinzie. "Up 
at Lee's, killing and scalping," answered the frightened mother, who, 
when the alarm was given, was attending ]\Irs. Barnes (just confined) 
living not far off. Mr. Kinzie and his family crossed the river and took 
refuge in the fort, to which place Mrs. Barnes and her infant not a day 
old were safely conveyed. The rest of the inhabitants took shelter in the 
fort. This alarm was caused by a scalping party of Winnebagos, who 
hovered about the fort several days, when they disappeared, and for several 
weeks the inhabitants were undisturbed. 

On the 7th of August, 1812, General Hull, at Detroit, sent orders to 
Captain Heald to evacuate Fort Dearborn, and to distribute all the United 
States property to the Indians in the neighborhood — a most insane order. 
The Pottawattamie chief, who brought the dispatch, had more wisdom 
than the commanding general. He advised Captain Heald not to make 
the distribution. Said he : " Leave the fort and stores as they are, and 
let the Indians make distribution for themselves; and while they are 
engaged in the business, the white people may escape to Fort Wayne." 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 105 

Captain Heald held a council with the Indians on the afternoon of 
the 12th, in which his officers refused to join, for they had been informed 
that treachery was designed — ^that the Indians intended to murder the 
white people in the council, and then destroy those in the fort. Captain 
Heald, however, took the precaution to open a port-hole displaying a 
cannon pointing directly upon the council, and by that means saved 
his life. 

Mr. Kinzie, who knew the Indians well, begged Captain Heald not 
to confide in their promises, nor distribute the arms and munitions among 
them, for it would only put power into their hands to destroy the whites. 
Acting upon this advice, Heald resolved to withhold the munitions of 
war ; and on the night of the 13th, after the distribution of the other 
property had been made, the powder, ball and liquors were thrown into 
the river, the muskets broken up and destroyed. 

Black Partridge, a friendly chief, came to Captain Heald, and said : 
" Linden birds have been singing in my ears to-day: be careful on the 
march you are going to take." On that dark night vigilant Indians had 
crept near the fort and discovered the destruction of their promised booty 
going on within. The next morning the powder was seen floating on the 
surface of the river. The savages were exasperated and made loud com- 
plaints and threats. 

On the following day when preparations were making to leave the 
forfc, and all the inmates were deeply impressed with a sense of impend- 
ing danger, Capt. Wells, an uncle of Mrs. Heald, was discovered upon 
the Indian trail among the sand-hills on the borders of the lake, not far 
distant, with a band of mounted Miamis, of whose tribe he was chief, 
having been adopted by the famous Miami warrior. Little Turtle. When 
news of Hull's surrender reached Fort Wayne, he had started with this 
force to assist Heald in defending Fort Dearborn. He was too late. 
Every means for its defense had been destroyed the night before, and 
arrangements were made for leaving the fort 'on the morning of the 15th. 

It was a warm bright morning in the middle of August. Indications 
were positive that the savages intended to murder the white people ; and 
when they moved out of the southern gate of the fort, the march was 
like a funeral procession. The band, feeling the solemnity of the occa- 
sion, struck up the Dead March in Saul. 

Capt. Wells, who had blackened his face with gun-powder in token 
of his fate, took the lead with his band of Miamis, followed by Capt. 
Heald, with his wife by his side on horseback. Mr. Kinzie hoped by his 
personal influence to avert the impending blow, and therefore accompanied 
them, leaving his family in a boat in charge of a friendly Indian, to be 
taken to his trading station at the site of Niles, Michigan, in the event of 
his death. 



106 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 




HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 107 

The procession moved slowly along the lake shore till they reached 
the sand-hills between the prairie and the beach, when the Pottawattamie 
escort, under the leadership of Blackbird, filed to the right, placing those 
hills between them and the white people. Wells, with his Miamis, had 
kept in the advance. They suddenly came rushing back, Wells exclaim- 
ing, " They are about to attack us ; form instantly." These words were 
quickly followed by a storm of bullets, which came whistling over the 
little hills which the treacherous savages had made the covert for their 
murderous attack. The white troops charged upon the Indians, drove 
them back to the prairie, and then the battle was waged between fifty- 
fonr soldiers, twelve civilians and three or four women (the cowardly 
Miamis having fled at the outset) against five hundred Indian warriors. 
The white people, hopeless, resolved to sell their lives as dearly as possible. 
Ensign Ronan wielded his weapon vigorously, even after falling upon his 
knees weak from the loss of blood. Capt. Wells, who was by the side of 
his niece, Mrs. Heald, when the conflict began, behaved with the greatest 
coolness and courage. He said to her, " We have not the slightest chance 
for life. We must part to meet no more in this world. God bless you." 
And then he dashed forward. Seeing a young warrior, painted like a 
demon, climb into a wagon in which were twelve children, and tomahawk 
them all, he cried out, unmindful of his personal danger, " If that is your 
game, butchering women and children, I will kill too." He spurred his 
horse towards the Indian camp, where they had left their squaws and 
papooses, hotly pursued by swift-footed young warriors, who sent bullets 
whistling after him. One of these killed his horse and wounded him 
severely in the leg. With a yell the young braves rushed to make him 
their prisoner and reserve him for torture. He resolved not to be made 
a captive, and by the use of the most provoking epithets tried to induce 
them to kill him instantly. He called a fiery young chief a squaiv, when 
the enraged warrior killed Wells instantly with his tomahawk, jumped 
upon his body, cut out his heart, and ate a portion of the warm morsel 
with savage delight ! 

In this fearful combat women bore a conspicuous part. Mrs. Heald 
was an excellent equestrian and an expert in the use of the rifle. She 
fought the savages bravely, receiving several severe wounds. Though 
faint from the loss of blood, she managed to keep her saddle. A savage 
raised his tomahawk to kill her, when she looked him full in the face, 
and with a sweet smile and in a gentle voice said, in his own language, 
*' Surely you will not kill a squaw!" The arm of the savage fell, and 
the life of the heroic woman was saved. 

Mrs. Helm, the step-daughter of Mr. Kinzie, had an encounter with 
a stout Indian, who attempted to tomahawk her. Springing to one side, 
she received the claucing blow on her shoulder, and at the same instant 



108 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 

seized the savage round the neck with her arms and endeavored to get 
hold of his scalping knife, which hung in a sheath at his breast. While 
she was thus struggling she was dragged from her antagonist by ano jhei 
powerful Indian, who bore her, in spite of her struggles, to the margin 
of the lake and plunged her in. To her astonishment she was held by 
him so that she would not drown, and she soon perceived that she was 
in the hands of the friendly Black Partridge, who had saved her life. 

The wife of Sergeant Holt, a large and powerful woman, behaved as 
bravely as an Amazon. She 2'ode a fine, high-spirited horse, which the 
Indians coveted, and several of them attacked her with the butts of their 
guns, for the purpose of dismounting her ; but she used the sword which 
she had snatched from her disabled husband so skillfully that she foiled 
them ; and, suddenly wheeling her horse, she dashed over the prairie, 
followed by the savages shouting, " The brave woman ! the brave woman ! 
Don't hurt her ! " They finally overtook her, and while she was fighting 
them in front, a powerful savage came up behind her, seized her by the 
neck and dragged her to the ground. Horse and woman were made 
captives. Mrs. Holt was a long time a captive among the Indians, but 
was afterwards ransomed. 

In this sharp conflict two-thirds of the white people were slain and 
wounded, and all their horses, baggage and provision were lost. Only 
twenty-eight straggling men now remained to fight five hundred Indians 
rendered furious by the sight of blood. They succeeded in breaking 
through the ranks of the murderers and gaining a slight eminence on the 
prairie near the Oak Woods. The Indians did not pursue, but gathered 
on their flanks, while the chiefs held a consultation on the sand-hills, and 
showed signs of willingness to parley. It would have been madness on 
the part of the whites to renew the fight ; and so Capt. Heald went for- 
ward and met Blackbird on the open prairie, where terms of surrender 
were soon agreed upon. It was arranged that the white people should 
give up their arms to Blackbird, and that the survivors should become 
prisoners of war, to be exchanged for ransoms as soon as practicable. 
With this understanding captives and captors started for the Indian 
camp near the fort, to which Mrs. Helm had been taken bleeding and 
suffering hj Black Partridge, and had met her step-father and learned 
that her husband was safe. 

A new scene of horror was now opened at the Indian camp. The 
wounded, not being included in the terms of surrender, as it was inter- 
preted by the Indians, and the British general, Proctor, having offered a 
liberal bounty for American scalps, delivered at Maiden, nearly all the 
wounded men were killed and scalped, and the j)rice of the trophies was 
afterwards paid by the British government. 



THE STATE OF IOWA. 



GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION. 

The State of Iowa has an outline figure nearly approaching that of a rec- 
tangular parallelogram, the northern and southern boundaries being nearly due 
east and west lines, and its eastern and western boundaries determined by 
southerly flowing rivers — the Mississippi on the east, and the Missouri, together 
with its tributary, the Big Sioux, on the west. The northern boundary is upon 
the parallel of forty-three degrees thirty minutes, and the southern is approxi- 
mately upon that of forty degrees and thirty-six minutes. The distance from 
the northern to the southern boundary, excluding the small prominent angle at 
the southeast corner, is a little more than two hundred miles. Owing to the 
irregularity of the river boundaries, however, the number of square miles does 
not reach that of the multiple of these numbers ; but according to a report of 
the Secretary of the Treasury to the United States Senate, March 12, 1863, 
the State of Iowa contains 35,228,200 acres, or 55,014 square miles. When it 
is understood that all this vast extent of surface, except that which is occupied 
by our rivers, lakes and peat beds of the northern counties, is susceptible of the 
highest cultivation, some idea may be formed of the immense agricultural 
resources of the State. Iowa is nearly as large as England, and twice as large 
as Scotland ; but when Ave consider the relative area of surface which may be 
made to yield to the wants of man, those countries of the Old World will bear 
no comparison with Iowa. 

TOPOGRAPHY. 

No complete topographical survey of the State of Iowa has yet been made. 
Therefore all the knowledge we have yet upon the subject has been obtained 
from incidental observations of geological corps, from barometrical observations 
by authority of the General Government, and levelings done by railroad en- 
gineer corps within the State. 

Taking into view the facts that the highest point in the State is but a little 
more than twelve hundred feet above the lowest point, that these two points are 
nearly three hundred miles apart, and that the whole State is traversed by 

109 



110 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

gently flowing rivers, it will be seen that in reality the State of Iowa rests 
wholly within, and comprises a part of, a vast plain ; with no mountain or hill 
rano;es within its borders. 

A clearer idea of the great uniformity of the surface of the State may be 
obtained from a statement of the general slopes in feet per mile, from point to 
point, in straight lines across it : 

From the N. E. corner to the S. E. corner of the State 1 foot 1 inch per mile. 

From the N. E. corner to Spirit Lake 5 feet 5 inches per mile. 

From the N. W. corner to Spirit Lake..... 5 feetO inches per mile. 

From the N. W. corner to the S. W. corner of the State 2 feet inches per mile. 

From the S. W. corner to the highest ridge between the two 

great rivers (in Ringgold County) 4 feet 1 inch per mile 

From the dividing ridge in the S. E. corner of the State 5 feet 7 inches per mile. 

From the highest point in the State (near Spirit Lake) to the 
lowest point in the State (at the mouth of Des Moines 
River) 4 feet inches per mile. 

It will be seen, therefore, that there is a good degree of propriety in regard- 
ing the whole State as a part of a great plain, the lowest point of which within 
its borders, the southeast corner of the State, is only 444 feet above the level of^ 
the sea. The average height of the whole State above the level of the sea is 
not far from eight hundred feet, although it is more than a thousand miles 
inland from the nearest sea coast. These remarks are, of course, to be under- 
stood as applying to the surface of the State as a whole. When we come to 
consider its surface feature in detail, we find a great diversity of surface by the 
formation of valleys out of the general level, which have been evolved by the 
action of streams during the unnumbered years of the terrace epoch. 

It is in the northeastern part of the State that the river valleys are deepest ; 
consequently the country there has the greatest diversity of surface, and its 
physical features are most strongly marked. 

DRAINAGE SYSTEM. 

The Mississippi and Missouri Rivers form the eastern and western bounda- 
ries of the State, and receive the eastern and western drainage of it. 

The eastern drainage system comprises not far from two-thirds of the en- 
tire surface of the State. The great watershed which divides these two systems 
is formed by the highest land between those rivers along the whole length of a 
line running southward from, a point on the northern boundary line of the State 
near Spirit Lake, in Dickinson County, to a nearly central point in the northern 
part of Adair County. 

From the last named point, this highest ridge of land, between the two great 
rivers, continues southward, without change of character, through Ringgold 
County into the State of Missouri ; but southward from that point, in Adair 
County, it is no longer the great watershed. From that point, another and 
lower ridge bears off more nearly southeastward, through the counties of Madi- 
Son, Clarke, Lucas and App;moose, and becomes itself the great watershed. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Ill 

RIVERS. 

All streams that rise in Iowa rise upon the incoherent surface deposits, 
occupying at first only slight depressions in the surface, and scarcely percept- 
ible. These successively coalesce to form the streams. 

The drift and bluff deposits are both so thick in Iowa that its streams not 
only rise upon their surface, but they also reach considerable depth into these 
deposits alone, in some cases to a depth of nearly two hundred feet from the 
general prairie level. 

The majority of streams that constitute the western system of Iowa drainage 
run, either along the whole or a part of their course, upon that peculir deposit 
known as bluff deposit. Their banks are often, even of the small streams, 
from five to ten feet in height, quite perpendicular, so that they make the 
streams almost everywhere unfordable, and a great impediment to travel across 
the open country where there are no bridges. 

The material of this deposit is of a slightly yellowish ash color, except 
where darkened by decaying vegetation, very fine and silicious, but not sandy, 
not very cohesive, and not at all plastic. It forms excellent soil, and does not 
bake or crack in drying, except limy concretions, which are generally dis- 
tributed throughout the mass, in shape and size resembling pebbles ; not a 
stone or pebble can be found in the whole deposit. It was called " silicious 
marl" by Dr. Owen, in his geological report to the General Government, and 
its origin referred to an accumulation of sediment in an ancient lake, which 
was afterward drained, when its sediment became dry land. Prof Swallaw 
gives it the name of "bluff," which is here adopted; the term Lacustral would 
have been better. The peculiar properties of this deposit are that it will stand 
securely with a precipitous front two hundred feet high, and yet is easily 
excavated with a spade. Wells dug in it require only to be walled to a point just 
above the water line. Yet, compact as it is, it is very porous, so that water 
which falls on its surface does not remain, but percolates through it ; neither 
does it accumulate within its mass, as it does upon the surface of and within 
the drift and the stratified formations. 

The bluff deposit is known to occupy a region through which the Missouri 
runs almost centrally, and measures, as far as is known, more than two hun- 
dred miles in length and nearly one hundred miles in width. The thickest 
part yet known in Iowa is in Fremont County, where it reaches two hundred 
feet. The boundaries of this deposit in Iowa are nearly as follows : Com- 
mencing at the southeast corner of Fremont County, follow up the watershed 
between the East Nishnabotany and the West Tarkio Rivers to the southern 
boundary of Cass County ; thence to the center of Audubon County ; thence 
to Tip Top Station, on the Chicago & Northwestern Railway ; thence by a 
broad curve westward to the northwest corner of Plymouth County. 

This deposit is composed of fine sedimentary particles, similar to that 
which the Missouri River now deposits from its waters, and is the same which 



112 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

that river did deposit in a broad depression in the surface of the drift that 
formed a lake-like expansion of that river in the earliest period of the history 
of its valley. That lake, as shown by its deposit, which now remains, was 
about one hundred miles wide and more than twice as long. The water of the 
river was muddy then, as now, and the broad lake became filled with the sedi- 
ment which the river brought down, before its valley had enough in the lower 
portion of its course to drain it. After the lake became filled with the sedi- 
ment, the valley below became deepened by the constant erosive action of the 
waters, to a depth of more than sufiicient to have drained the lake of its first 
waters ; but the only effect then was to cause it to cut its valley out of the de- 
posits its own muddy waters had formed. Thus along the valley of that river, 
so far as it forms the western boundary of Iowa, the bluffs which border it are 
composed of that sediment known as bluff deposit, forming a distinct border 
along the broad, level flood plain, the width of which varies from five to fifteen 
miles, while the original sedimentary deposit stretches far inland. 

All the rivers of the western system of drainage, except the Missouri itself, 
are quite incomplete as rivers, in consequence of their being really only 
branches of other larger tributaries of that great river , or, if they empty into 
the Missouri direct, they have yet all the usual characteristics of Iowa rivers, 
from their sources to their mouths. 

Chariton and Qrand Rivers both rise and run for the first twenty-five miles 
of their courses upon the drift deposit alone. The first strata that are exposed 
by the deepening valleys of both these streams belong to the upper coal meas- 
ures, and they both continue upon the same formation until they make their 
exit from the State (the former in Appanoose County, the latter in Ringgold 
County), near the boundary of which they have passed nearly or quite through 
the whole of that formation to the middle coal measures. Their valleys gradu- 
ally deepen from their upper portions downward, so that within fifteen or twenty 
miles they have reached a depth of near a hundred and fifty feet below the gen- 
eral level of the adjacent high land. When the rivers have cut their valleys 
down through the series of limestone strata, they reach those of a clayey com- 
position. Upon these they widen their valleys and make broad flood plains 
(commonly termed "bottoms "), the soil of which is stiff and clayey, except 
where modified by sandy washings. 

A considerable breadth of woodland occupies the bottoms and valley sides 
along a great part of their length ; but their upper branches and tributaries are 
mostly prairie streams. 

Platte River. — This river belongs mainly to Missouri. Its upper branches 
pass through Hinggold County, and, with the west fork of the Grand River, 
drain a large region of country. 

Here the drift deposit reaches its maximum thickness on an east and west 
line across the State, and the valleys are eroded in some instances to a depth of 
two hundred feet, apparently, through this deposit alone. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 11^ 

The term " drift deposit " applies to the soil and sub-soil of the greater part 
of the State, and in it alone many of our wells are dug and our forests take 
root. It rests upon the stratified rocks. It is composed of clay, sand, gravel 
aud boulders, promiscuously intermixed, without stratification, varying in char- 
acter in different parts of the State. 

The proportion of lime in the drift of Iowa is so great that the water of all 
our wells and springs is too '' hard " for washing purposes ; and the same sub- 
stance is so prevalent in the drift clays that they are always found to have suffi- 
cient flux when used for the manufacture of brick. 

One Rundred and Two River is represented in Taylor County, the valleys 
of which have the same general character of those just described. The country 
around and between the east and west forks of this stream is almost entirely 
prairie. 

JSfodaivay River. — This stream is represented by east, middle and west 
branches. The two former rise in Adair County, the latter in Cass County. 
These rivers and valleys are fine examples of the small rivers and valleys of 
Southern Iowa. They have the general character of drift valleys, and with 
beautiful undulating and sloping sides. The Nodaways drain one of the finest 
agricultural regions in the State, the soil of which is tillable almost to their very 
banks. The banks and the adjacent narrow flood plains are almost everywhere 
composed of a rich, deep, dark loam. 

Nislinahotany River. — This river is represented by east and west branches, 
the former having its source in Anderson County, the latter in Shelby County. 
Both these branches, from their source to their confluence — and also the main 
stream, from thence to the point where it enters the great flood plain of the 
Missouri — run through a region the surface of which is occupied by the bluff 
deposit. The West Nishnabotany is probably without any valuable mill sites. 
In the western part of Cass County, the East Nishnabotany loses its identity 
by becoming abruptly divided up into five or six different creeks. A few 
good mill sites occur here on this stream. None, however, that are thought 
reliable exist on either of these rivers, or on the main stream below the 
confluence, except, perhaps, one or two in Montgomery County. The 
valleys of the two branches, and the intervening upland, possess remarkable 
fertility. 

Boyer River. — Until it enters the flood plain of the Missouri, the Boyer 
runs almost, if not quite, its entire course through the region occupied by the 
bluff deposit, and has cut its valley entirely through it along most of its pas- 
sage. The only rocks exposed are the upper coal measures, near Reed's mill, in 
Harrison County. The exposures are slight, and are the most northerly now 
known in Iowa. The valley of this river has usually gently sloping sides, and an 
ndistinctly defined flood plain. Along the lower half of its course the adjacent 
upland presents a surface of the billowy character, peculiar to the bluff deposit. 
The source of this river is in Sac County. 



114 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Soldier Mivci'. — The east and middle brandies of this stream have their 
source in Crawford County, and the west branch in Ida County. The whole 
course of this river is through the bluff deposit. It has no exposure of strata 
along its course. 

Little Sioux Biver. — Under this head are included both the main and west 
l)ranches of that stream, together with the Maple, which is one of its branches. 
The west branch and the Maple are so similar to the Soldier River that they 
need no separate description. The main stream has its boundary near the 
northern boundary of the State, and runs most of its course upon drift deposit 
alone, entering the region of the bluff deposit in the southern part of Cherokee 
County. The two principal upper branches, near their source in Dickinson 
and Osceola .Counties, are small prairie creeks, with indistinct valleys. On 
entering Clay County, the valley deepens, and at their confluence has a depth 
of one hundred feet, which still further increases until along the boundary line 
laetween Clay and Buena Vista Counties, it reaches a depth of two hundred 
feet. Just as the valley enters Cherokee County, it turns to the southward and 
becomes much widened, with its sides gently sloping to the uplands. When the 
valley enters the region of the bluff deposit, it assumes the billowy appearance. 
ITo exposures of strata of any kind have been found in the valley of the Little 
Sioux or any of its branches. 

FJoijd Bivcr. — This river rises upon the drift in O'Brien County, and flow- 
ino- southward enters the region of the bluff deposit a little north of the center 
of Plymouth County. Almost from its source to its mouth it is a prairie stream, 
with slightly sloping valley sides, which blend gradually with the uplands. A 
single slight exposure of sandstone of cretaceous age occurs in the valley near 
Sioux City, and which is the only known exposure of rock of any kind along 
its whole length. Near this exposure is a mill site, but farther up the stream 
it is not valuable for such purposes. 

Roch River. — This stream passes through Lyon and Sioux Counties. It 
was evidently so named from the fact that considerable exposures of the red 
Sioux quartzite occur along the main branches of the stream in Minnesota, a 
few miles north of our State boundary. Within this State the main stream and 
its branches are drift streams, and strata are exposed. The beds and banks of 
the streams are usually sandy and gravelly, with occasional boulders intermixed. 

Big Sioux Bivcr. — The valley of this river, from the northwest corner of 
the State to its mouth, possesses much the same character as all the streams of 
the surface deposits. At Sioux Falls, a few miles above the northwest corner 
of the State, the stream meets with remarkable obstructions from the presence 
of Sioux quartzite, which outcrops directly across the stream, and causes a fall 
of about sixty feet within a distance of half a mile, producing a series of cas- 
cades. For the first twenty-five miles above its mouth, the valley is very broad, 
with a broad, flat flood plain, with gentle slopes occasionally showing indistinctly 
defined terraces. These terraces and valley bottoms constitute some of the finest 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 115 

agricultural land of the region. On the Iowa side of the valley the upland 
presents abrupt bluffs, steep as the materials of which they are composed will 
stand, and from one hundred to nearly two hundred feet high above the stream. 
At rare intervals, about fifteen miles from its mouth, the cretaceous strata are 
found exposed in the face of the bluffs of the Iowa side. No other strata are 
exposed along that part of the valley which borders our State, with the single 
exception of Sioux quartzite at its extreme northwestern corner. Some good mill 
sites may be secured along that portion of this river which borders Lyon County, 
but below this the fall will probably be found insufficient and the location for 
dams insecure. 

Missouri River. — This is one of the muddiest streams on the globe, and its 
waters are known to be very turbid far toward its source. The chief pecul- 
iarity of this river is its broad flood plains, and its adjacent bluff" deposits. 
Much the greater part of the flood plain of this river is upon the Iowa side, and 
continuous from the south boundary line of the State to Sioux City, a distance 
of more than one hundred miles in length, varying from three to five miles in 
width. This alluvial plain is estimated to contain more than half a million acres 
of land within the State, upward of four hundred thousand of which are now 
tillable. 

The rivers of the eastern system of drainage have quite a different character 
from those of the western, system. They are larger, longer and have their val- 
leys modified to a much greater extent by the underlying strata. For the lat- 
ter reason, water-power is much more abundant upon them than upon the 
streams of the western system. 

Des Moines River. — This river has its source in Minnesota, but it enters 
Iowa before it has attained any size, and flows almost centrally through it from 
northwest to southeast, emptying into the Mississippi at the extreme southeast- 
ern corner of the State. It drains a greater area than any river within the 
State. The upper portion of it is divided into two branches known as the east 
and west forks. These unite in Humboldt County. The valleys of these 
branches above their confluence are drift- valleys, except a few small exposures 
of subcarboniferous limestone about five miles above their confluence. These 
exposures produce several small mill-sites. The valleys vary from a few hun- 
dred yards to half a mile in width, and are the finest agricultural lands. In the 
northern part of Webster County, the character of the main valley is modified 
by the presence of ledges and low cliffs of the subcarboniferous limestone and 
gypsum. From a point a little below Fort Dodge to near Amsterdam, in Ma- 
rion County, the river runs all the way through and upon the lower coal-meas- 
ure strata. Along this part of its course the flood-plain varies from an eighth 
to half a mile or more in width. From Amsterdam to Ottumwa the subcarbon- 
iferous limestone appears at intervals in the valley sides. Near Ottumwa, the sub- 
carboniferous rocks pass beneath the river again, bringing down the coal-measure 
strata into its bed ; but they rise again from it in the extreme northwestern part 



116 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of Van Buren County, and subcarboniferous strata resume and keep their place 
along the valley to the north of the river. From Fort Dodge to the northern 
part of Lee County, the strata of the lower coal measures are present in the 
valley. Its flood plain is frequently sandy, from the debris of the sandstone 
and sandy shales of the coal measures produced by their removal in the process 
of the formation of the valley. 

The principal tributaries of the Des Moines are upon the western side. 
These are the Raccoon and the three rivers, viz.: South, Middle and North Riv- 
ers. The three latter have their source in the region occupied by the upper 
coal-measure limestone formation, flow eastward over the middle coal measures, 
and enter the valley of the Des Moines upon the lower coal measures. These 
streams, especially South and Middle Rivers, are frequently bordered by high, 
rocky cliffs. Raccoon River has its source upon the heavy surface deposits of 
the middle region of Western Iowa, and along the greater part of its course it 
has excavated its valley out those deposits and the middle coal measures alone. 
The valley of the Des Moines and its branches are destined to become the seat 
of extensive manufactures in consequence of the numerous mill sites of immense 
power, and the fact that the main valley traverses the entire length of the Iowa 
coal fields. 

Skunk River. — This river has its source in Hamilton County, and runs 
almost its entire course upon the border of the outcrop of the lower coal meas- 
ures, or, more properly speaking, upon the subcarboniferous limestone, just where 
it begins to pass beneath the coal measures by its southerly and westerly dip. 
Its general course is southeast. From the western part of Henry County, up 
as far as Story County, the broad, flat flood plain is covered with a rich deep 
clay soil, which, in time of long- continued rains and overflows of the river, has 
made the valley of Skunk River a terror to travelers from the earliest settle- 
ment of the country. There are some excellent mill sites on the lower half of 
this river, but they are not so numerous or valuable as on other rivers of the 
eastern system. 

Iowa River. — This river rises in Hancock County, in the midst of a broad, 
slightly undulating drift region. The first rock exposure is that of subcarbon- 
iferous limestone, in the southwestern corner of Franklin County. It enters 
the region of the Devonian strata near the southwestern corner of Benton 
County, and in this it continues to its confluence with the Cedar in Louisa 
County. Below the junction with the Cedar, and for some miles above that 
point, its valley is broad, and especially on the northern side, with a well 
marked flood plain. Its borders gradually blend with the uplands as they slope 
away in the distance from the river. The Iowa furnishes numerous and valua- 
ble mill sites. 

Cedar River. — This stream is usually understood to be a branch of the 
Iowa, but it ought, really, to be regarded as the main stream. It rises by 
numerous branches in the northern part of the State, and flows the entire length 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 117 

of the State, through the region occupied hj the Devonian strata and along the 
trend occupied by that formation. 

The valley of this river, in the upper part of its course, is narrow, and the 
sides slope so gently as to scarcely show where the lowlands end and the up- 
lands begin. Below the confluence with the Shell Rock, the flood plain is more 
distinctly marked and the valley broad and shallow. The valley of the Cedar 
is one of the finest regions in the State, and both the main stream and its 
branches afford abundant and reliable mill sites. 

Wapsipinnicon River. — This river has its source near the source of the 
Cedar, and runs parallel and near it almost its entire course, the upper half 
upon the same formation — the Devonian. In the northeastern part of Linn 
County, it enters the region of the Niagara limestone, upon which it continues 
to the Mississippi. It is one hundred miles long, and yet the area of its drain- 
age is only from twelve to twenty miles in width. Hence, its numerous mill 
sites are unusually secure. 

Turkey River. — This river and the Upper Iowa are, in many respects, un- 
like other Iowa rivers. The difference is due to the great depth they have 
eroded their valleys and the different character of the material through which 
they have eroded. Turkey River rises in Howard County, and in Winnesheik 
County, a few miles from its source, its valley has attained a depth of more than 
two hundred feet, and in Fayette and Clayton Counties its depth is increased to 
three and four hundred feet. The summit of the uplands, bordering nearly the 
whole length of the valley, is capped by the Maquoketa shales. These shales 
are underlaid by the Galena limestone, between two and three hundred feet 
thick. The valley has been eroded through these, and runs upon the Trenton 
limestone. Thus, all the formations along and within this valley are Lower 
Silurian. The valley is usually narrow, and without a well-marked flood plain. 
Water power is abundant, but in most places inaccessible. 

Upper Iowa River. — This river rises in Minnesota, just beyond the north- 
ern boundary line, and enters our State in Howard County before it has attained 
any considerable size. Its course is nearly eastward until it reaches the Mis- 
sissippi. It rises in the region of the Devonian rocks, and flows across the out- 
crops, respectively, of the Niagara, Galena and Trenton limestone, the lower 
magnesian limestone and Potsdam sandstone, into and through all of which, 
except the last, it has cut its valley, which is the deepest of any in Iowa. The 
valley sides are, almost everywhere, high and steep, and cliffs of lower magne- 
sian and Trenton limestone give them a wild and rugged aspect. In the lower 
part of the valley, the flood plain reaches a width sufficient for the location of 
small farms, but usually it is too narrow for such>purposes. On the higher 
surface, however, as soon as you leave the valley you come immediately upon a 
cultivated country. This stream has the greatest slope per mile of any in Iowa, 
consequently it furnishes immense water power. In some places, where creeks 
come into it, the valley widens and affords good locations for farms. The town 



118 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of Becorali, in Winnesheik County, is located in one of these spots, which 
makes it a lovelj location ; and the power of the river and the small spring 
streams around it offer fine facilities for manufacturing. This river and its 
tributaries are the only trout streams in Iowa. 

Mississippi River. — This river may be described, in general terms, as a broad 
canal cut out of the general level of the country through which the river flows. 
It is bordered by abrupt hills or bluffs. The bottom of the valley ranges from 
one to eight miles in width. The whole space between the bluffs is occupied by 
the river and its bottom, or flood plain only, if we except the occasional terraces 
or remains of ancient flood plains, which are not now reached by the highest 
floods of the river. The river itself is from half a mile to nearly a mile in 
width. There are but four points along the whole length of the State where the 
bluffs approach the stream on both sides. The Lower Silurian formations com- 
pose the bluffs in the northern part of the State, but they gradually disappear 
by a southerly dip, and the bluffs are continued successively by the Upper 
Silurian, Devonian, and subcarboniferous rocks, which are reached near the 
southeastern corner of the State. 

Considered in their relation to the present general surface of the state, the 
relative ages of the river valley of Iowa date back only to the close of the 
glacial epoch ; but that the Mississippi, and all the rivers of Northeastern Iowa, 
if no others, had at least a large part of the rocky portions of their valleys 
eroded by pre-glacial, or perhaps even by palgeozoic rivers, can scarcely be 
doubted. 

LAKES. 

The lakes of Iowa may be properly divided into two distinct classes. The 
first may be called drift lakes, having had their origin in the depressions left 
in the surface of the drift at the close of the glacial epoch, and have rested upon 
the undisturbed surface of the drift deposit ever since the glaciers disappeared. 
The others may be properly termed flitvatih or alluvial lakes, because they have 
had their origin by the action of rivers while cutting their own valleys out from 
the surface of the drift as it existed at the close of the glacial epoch, and are now 
found resting upon the alluvium, as the others rest upon the drift. By the term 
alluvium is meant the deposit which has accumulated in the valleys of rivers by 
the action of their own currents. It is largely composed of sand and other 
coarse material, and upon that deposit are some of the best and most productive 
soils in the State. It is this deposit which form the flood plains and deltas of 
our rivers, as well as the terraces of their valleys. 

' The regions to which the drift lakes are principally confined are near the 
head waters of the principal streams of the State. We consequently find them 
in those regions which lie between the Cedar and Des Moines Rivers, and the 
Des Moines and Little Sioux. No drift lakes are found in Southern Iowa. 
The largest of the lakes to be found in the State are Spirit and Okoboji, in 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 119 

Dickinson County ; Clear Lake, in Cerro Gordo County ; and Storm Lake, in 
Bunea Vista County. 

Spirit Lake. — The width and length of this lake are about equal , and it 
contains about twelve square miles of surface, its northern border resting directly 
on the boundary of the State. It lies almost directly upon the great watershed. 
Its shores are mostly gravelly, and the country about it fertile. 

Okohoji Lake. — This body of water lies directly south of Spirit Lake, and 
has somewhat the shape of a horse-shoe, with its eastern projection within a few 
rods of Spirit Lake, where it receives the outlet of the latter. Okoboji Lake 
extends about five miles southward from Spirit Lake, thence about the same 
distance westward, and then bends northward about as far as the eastern projec- 
tion. The eastern portion is narrow, but the western is larger, and in some 
places a hundred feet deep. The surroundings of this and Spirit Lake are very 
pleasant. Fish are abundant in them, and they are the resort of myriads of 
water fowl. 

Cleai' Lake. — This lake is situated in Cerro Gordo County, upon the 
watershed between the Iowa and Cedar Rivers. It is about five miles long, 
and two or three miles wide, and has a maximum depth of only fifteen 
feet. Its shores and the country around it are like that of Spirit Lake. 

Storm Lake. — This body of water rests upon the great water shed in Buena 
Vista County. It is a clear, beautiful sheet of water, containing a surface area 
of between four and five square miles. 

The outlets of all these drift-lakes are dry during a portion of the year, ex- 
cept Okoboji. 

Walled Lakes.— Along the water sheds of Northern Iowa great numbers of 
small lakes exist, varying from half a mile to a mile in diameter. One of the lakes 
in Wright County, and another in Sac, have each received the name of " Walled 
Lake," on account of the existence of embankments on their borders, which are 
supposed to be the work of ancient inhabitants. These embankments are from 
two to ten feet in height, and from five to thirty feet across. They are the 
result of natural causes alone, being referable to the periodic action of ice, aided, 
to some extent, by the force of the waves. These lakes are very shallow, and 
in winter freeze to the bottom, so that but little unfrozen water remains in the 
middle. The ice freezes fast to everything upon the bottom, and the expansive 
power of the water in freezing acts in all directions from the center to the cir- 
cumference, and whatever was on the bottom of the lake has been thus carried 
to the shore, and this has been going on from year to year, from century to 
century, forming the embankments w^hich have caused so much wonder. 

SPRINGS. 

Springs issue from all formations, and from the sides of almost every valley, 
but they are more numerous, and assume proportions which give rise to the 
name of sink-holes; along the upland borders of the Upper Iowa River, ovang 



120 lUSTvHn' OF TRK STATl- OF TO'WA. 

to tlio peculiar fissured niul laminated ohnraoter and i::;reat tliiokness of the strata 
ot" tlie aire of the Trenton limestone Avhieh underlies the whole region of the 
valley of that sirean\. 

No mineral springs, properly so called, have yet been discovered in Iowa, 
thoui^h the water of several artesian wells is frequently foutul charged with 
soluble mineral substances. 

OKUUN OF TUK PUAIRTES. 

It is estimated tliat seven-eighths of the surface of the State was prairie 
when tirst settled. They are i\ot contined to level surfaces, nor to any partic- 
ular varietv of soil, for witliin tlie State they rest upon all formations, from 
those of the Azoic to those of the Cretaceous age, ii\clusive. Whatever may 
have boon their on\}in, their present existence in Iowa is not due to the intlu- 
euce oi' climate, nor the soil, nor any of the underlying formations. Tiie real 
cause is the prevalence of the annual tires. If these had been prevented fifty 
vears ai^o. Iowa wouhl now be a timbered country. The encroachment of forest 
troes upon prairie farms as; soon as the bordering woodland is protected from 
tlie annual prairie fires, is well known to farmei*s throughout the State. 

The stul of Iowa is justly famous for its fertility, and there is probably no 
eciual area of the earths sm-face that contains so little nntillable land, or whose 
soil has so high an average of fertility. Ninety -five per cent, of its surface is 
tiUablc land. 

Gl-OLOOY. 

The soil of loAva may be separated into three general divisions, which not 
oiilv possess difterent physical characters, but also differ in the mode of their 
oriijin. These are drift, bluff and alluvial, and belong respectively to the 
deposits bearing the san\e names. The drift occupies a much larger part of the 
surface of the State than both the others. The blutl' has the next greatest ai*ea 
of surface, and the alluvial least. 

All soil is disintegrated rock. The drift deposit of Iowa was derivoii to a 
considerable extent, from the rocks of Minnesota : but the greater part of lowra 
drift was derived from its own rocks, much of which has been transported but a 
short distance. In general terms the i'onsta)it component element of the drift 
soil is that portion which was transported from the north, while the incomtant 
elements are those portions which were derived from the adjacent or underlying 
strata. For example, in "Western Iowa, wherever that cretaceous formation 
known as the Xishnabotany sandstone exists, the soil contains more sand than 
elsewhere. The same nuiy be said of the soil of some parts of the State occu- 
pied by the lower coal measures, the sandstones aivd sandy shales of that forma- 
tion furnishiitg the sand. 

In Xorthern and Northwestern Iowa, the drift contains more sand and 
o;r:\vel than elsewhere. This sand and o-ravel was, doubtless, derived from the 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA 



121 



cretaceous rocks that now do, or formerly did, exist there, and also in part 
from the conglomerate and pudding-stone beds of the Sioux quartzite. 

In Southern Iowa, the soil is frequently stiff and clayey. This preponder- 
ating clay is doubtless derived from the clayey and shaly beds which alternate 
with the limestones of that region. 

The bluff soil is that which rests upon, and constitutes a part of, the bluff 
deposit. It is found only in the western part of the State, and adjacent to the 
Missouri River. Although it contains less than one per cent, of clay in its 
composition, it is in no respect inferior to the best drift soil. 

The alluvial soil is that of the flood plains of the river valleys, or bottom 
lands. That which is periodically flooded by the rivers is of little value for 
agricultural purposes ; but a large part of it is entirely above the reach of the 
highest floods, and is very productive. 

The stratified rocks of Iowa range from the Azoic to the Mesozoic, inclu- 
sive ; but the greater portion of the surface of the State is occupied by those 
of the Palaeozoic age. The table below will show each of these formations in 
their order : 



SYSTEMS. 

AGES. 



Cretaceous 

Carboniferous.. 

Devonian 

Upper Silurian 

Lower Silurian 
Azoic 



GROUPS. 

PERIODS. 



Post Tertiary 

Lower Cretaceous. 

Coal Measures. 

Subcarboniferous. 

I 

Hamilton 

Niagara 

Cincinnati 



FORMATIONS. 

EPOCHS. 



Trenton. 

Primordial. 
Huronian 



.\Drift 

\lnoceramous bed 

j Woodbury Sandstone and Shales.. 

Nishnabotany Sandstone 

Upper Coal Measures 

Middle Coal Measures 

Lower Coal Measures 

St. Louis Limestone 

Keokuk Limestone 

Burlington Limestone 

Kinderhook beds 

Hamilton Limestone and Shales. 

Niagara Limestone 

Maquoketa Shales 

Galena Limestone 

Trenton Limestone 

St. Peter's Sandstone 

Lower Magnesian Limestone 

Potsdam Sandstone 

Sioux Quartzite 



THICKNESS. 

IN FEET. 



10 



to 200 

50 
130 
100 
200 
200 
200 

76 

90 
196 
175 
200 
350 

80 
250 
200 

80 
250 
300 

50 



THE AZOIC SYSTEM. 

The Sioux quartzite is found exposed in natural ledges only upon a few 
acres in the extreme northwest corner of the State, upon the banks of the Big 
Sioux River, for which reason the specific name of Sioux Quartzite has been 
given them. It is an intensely hard rock, breaks in splintery fracture, and a 
color varying, in different localities, from a light to deep red. The process of 
metamorphism has been so complete throughout the whole formation that the 
rock is almost everywhere of uniform texture. The dip is four or five degrees 
to the northward, and the trend of the outcrop is eastward and westward. This 



122 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

rock may be quarried in a few rare cases, but usually it cannot be secured in 
dry forms except that into which it naturally cracks, and the tendency is to 
angular pieces. It is absolutely indestructible. 

LOWER SILURIAN SYSTEM. 

PRIMORDIAL GROUP. 

Potsda}n Sandstone. — This formation is exposed only in a small portion of 
the northeastern portion of the State. It is only to be seen in the bases of the 
bluflfs and steep valley sides which border the river there. It may be seen 
underlying the lower magnesian limestone, St. Peter s sandstone and Trenton 
limestone, in their regular order, along the bluffs of the Mississippi from the 
northern boundary of the State as far south as Guttenburg, along the Upper 
Iowa for a distance of about tAventy miles from its mouth, and along a few of 
the streams Avhich empty into the jNIississippi in Allamakee County. 

It is nearly valueless for economic purposes. 

No fossils have been discovered in this formation in Iowa. 

Loiver Magnesium Limestone. — This formation has but little greater geo- 
graphical extent in Iowa than the Potsdam sandstone. It lacks a uniformity 
of texture and stratification, owing to which it is not generally valuable for 
building purposes. 

The onW fossils found in this formation in Iowa are a few traces of crinoids, 
near McGregor. 

St. Peter s Sandstone. — This formation is remarkably uniform in thickness 
throughout its known geographical extent ; and it is evident it occupies a large 
portion of the northern half of Allamakee County, immediately beneath the 
drift. 

TRENTON GROUP. 

Tre7iton Limestone. — With the exception of this, all the limestones of both 
Upper and LoAver Silurian age in Iowa are magnesian limestones — nearly pure 
dolomites. This formation occupies large portions of Winnesheik and x\lla- 
makee Counties and a portion of Clayton. The greater part of it is useless for 
economic purposes, yet there are in some places compact and evenly bedded 
layers, which afford fine material for window caps and sills. 

In this formation, fossils are abundant, so much so that, in some places, the 
rock is made up of a mass of shells, corals and fragments of tribolites, cemented 
by calcareous material into a solid rock. Some of these fossils are new to 
science and peculiar to Iowa. 

The Gfalena Limestone. — This is the upper formation of the Trenton group. 
It seldom exceeds twelve miles in width, although it is fullv one hundred and 
fifty miles long. The outcrop traverses portions of the counties of HoAvard, 
Winnesheik, Allamakee, Fayette, Clayton, Dubuque and Jackson. It exhibits 
its greatest development in Dubuque County. It is nearly a pure dolomite, 
with a slight admixture of silicious matter. It is usually unfit for dressing. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 123' 

though sometimes near the top of the bed good blocks for dressing are found. 
This formation is the source of the lead ore of the Dubuque lead mines. The 
lead region proper is confined to an area of about fifteen miles square in the 
vicinity of Dubuque. The ore occurs in vertical fissures, which traverse the 
rock at regular intervals from east to west ; some is found in those which have 
a north and south direction. The ore is mostly that known as Galena, or sul- 
phuret of lead, very small quantities only of the carbonate being found with it. 

CINCINNATI GROUP. 

Maquoketa Shales. — The surface occupied by this formation is singularly 
long and narrow, seldom reaching more than a mile or two in width, but more 
than a hundred miles in length. Its most southerly exposure is in the bluffs of 
the Mississippi near Bellevue, in Jackson County, and the most northerly yet 
recognized is in the western part of Winnesheik County. The whole formation 
is largely composed of bluish and brownish shales, sometimes slightly arena- 
ceous, sometimes calcareous, which weather into a tenacious clay upon the sur- 
face, and the soil derived from it is usually stiff and clayey. Its economic 
v:ilue is very slight. 

Several species of fossils which characterize the Cincinnati group are found 
in the Maquoketa shales ; but they contain a larger number that have been 
found anywhere else than in these shales in Iowa, and their distinct faunal char- 
acteristics seem to warrant the separation of the Maquoketa shales as a distinct 
formation from any others of the group. 

UPPER SILURIAN SYSTEM. 

NIAGARA GROUP. 

Niagara Limestone. — The area occupied by the Niagara limestone is nearly 
one hundred and sixty miles long from north to south, and forty and fifty miles ■ 
wide. 

This formation is entirely a magnesian limestone, with in some places a con- 
siderable proportion of silicious matter in the form of chert or coarse flint. A 
large part of it is evenly bedded, and probably affords the best and greatest 
amount of quarry rock in the State. The quarries at Anamosa, LeClaire and 
Farley are all opened in this formation. 

DEVONIAN SYSTEM. 

HAMILTON GROUP. 

Hamilton Limestone. — The area of surface occupied by the Hamilton lime- 
stone and shales is fully as great as those by all the formations of both Upper 
and Lower Silurian age in the State. It is nearly two hundred miles long and 
from forty to fifty miles broad. The general trend is northwestward and south- 
eastws^'d. 

Although a large part of the material of this formation is practically quite 
"ajarthless, yet other portions are valuable for economic purposes ; and having a 



124 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

larije o-ooo-raphical extent in the State, is one of the most important formations, 
in a practical point of view. At Waverly, Bremer County, its value for the 
production of hydraulic lime has been practically demonstrated. The heavier 
and more uniform magnesian beds furnish material for bridge piers and other 
material requiring strength and durability. 

All the Devonian strata of Iowa evidently belong to a single epoch, and re- 
ferable to the Hamilton, as recognized by New York geologists. 

The most conspicuous and characteristic fossils of this formation are bra- 
chiopod, mollusks and corals. The coral Acervularia Davidsoni occurs near 
Iowa City, and is known as "Iowa City Marble," and •' bird's-eye marble." 

CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. 
Of the three groups of formations that constitute the carboniferous system, 
viz., the subcarboniferous, coal measures and permian, only the first two are 
found in Iowa. 

SUBCARBONIFEROUS GROUP. 
The area of the surface occupied by this group is very large. Its eastern 
border passes from the northeastern part of Winnebago County, with consider- 
able directness in a southeasterly direction to the northern part of Washington 
County. Here it makes a broad and direct bend nearly eastward, striking 
the Mississippi River at Muscatine. The southern and western boundary is to 
a considerable extent the same as that Avhich separates it from the coal field. 
Fiom the southern part of Pocahontas County it passes southeast to Fort Dodge, 
thence to Webster City, thence to a point three or four miles northeast of El- 
dora, in Hardin County, thence southward to the middle of the north line of 
Jasper County, thence southeastward to Sigourney, in Keokuk County, thence 
to the northeastern corner of Jefferson County, thence sweeping a few miles 
eastward to the southeast corner of Van Buren County. Its area is nearly two 
hundred and fifty miles long, and from twenty to fifty miles wide. 

The Kinderhook Beds. — The most southerly exposure of these beds is near 
the mouth of Skunk River, in Des Moines County. The most northerly now- 
known is in the eastern part of Pocahontas County, more than two hundred 
miles distant. The principal exposures of this formation are along the bluffs 
which border the ^lississippi and Skunk Rivers, where they form the eastern 
and northern boundary of Des Moines County, along English River, in Wa^ih- 
ington County : along the Iowa River, in Tama, Marshall, Hamlin and Frank- 
lin Counties : and along the Des Moines River, in Humboldt County. 

The economic value of this formation is very considerable, particularly in 
the northern portion of the region it occupies. In Pocahontas and Humboldt 
Counties it is almost invaluable, as no other stone except a few boulders are 
found here. At Iowa Falls the lower division is very good for building pur- 
poses. In Marshall County all the limestone to be obtained comes from this 
formation, and the quarries near LeGrand are very valuable. At this point 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 125 

some of the layers are finely veined with peroxide of iron, and are wrought into 
ornamental and useful objects. 

In Tama County, the oolitic member is well exposed, where it is manufac- 
tured into lime. It is not valuable for building, as upon exposure to atmosphere 
and frost, it crumbles to pieces. 

The remains of fishes are the only fossils yet discovered in this formation 
that can be referred to the sub-kingdom vertebrata ; and so far as yet recog- 
nized, they all belong to the order selachians. 

Of ARTICULATES, Only two species have been recognized, both of which 
belong to the genus phillipsia. 

The sub-kingdom mollusca is largely represented. 

The radiata are represented by a few crinoids, usually found in a very im- 
perfect condition. The sub-kingdom is also represented by corals. 

The prominent feature in the life of this epoch was molluscan ; so much so 
in fact as to overshadow all other branches of the animal kingdom. The pre- 
vailing classes are : lamellibranchiates, in the more arenaceous portions ; and 
brachiopods, in the more calcareous portions. 

No remains of vegetation have been detected in any of the strata of this 
formation. 

The Burlington Limestone. — This formation consists of two distinct calca- 
reous divisions, which are separated by a series of silicious beds. Both divi- 
sions are eminently crinoidal. 

The southerly dip of the Iowa rocks carries the Burlington limestone down, 
so that it is seen for the last time in this State in the valley of Skunk River, 
near the southern boundary of Des Moines County. The most northerly point 
at which it has been recognized is in the northern part of Washington County. 
It probably exists as far north as Marshall County. 

This formation affords much valuable material for economic purposes. The 
upper division furnishes excellent common quarry rock. 

The great abundance and variety of its fossils — crinoids — now known to be 
more than three hundred, have justly attracted the attention of geologists in all 
parts of the world. 

The only remains of vertebrates discovered in this formation are those of 
fishes, and consist of teeth and spines ; bone of bony fishes, like those most 
counnon at the present day, are found in these rocks. On Buffington Creek, in 
Louisa County, is a stratum in an exposure so fully charged with these remains 
that it might with propriety be called bone breccia. 

Remains of articulates are rare in this formation. So far as yet discovered, 
they are confined to two species of tribolites of the genus phillipsia. 

Fossil shells are very common. 

The two lowest classes of the sub-kingdom radiata are represented m the 
genera zaphrcntis, amplexus and syringapora, while the highest class — echino- 
derms — are found in most extraordinary profusion. 



126 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The Keokuk Limestone. — It is only in the four counties of Lee, Van 
Buren, Henry and Des Moines that this formation is to be seen. 

In some localities the upper silicious portion of this formation is known as 
the Geode bed. It is not recognizable in the northern portion of the formation, 
nor in connection with it where it is exposed, about eighty miles below Keokuk. 

The geodes of the Geode bed are more or less spherical masses of silex, 
usually hollow and lined with crystals of quartz. The outer crust is rough and 
unsightly, but the crystals which stud the interior are often very beautiful. 
They vary in size from the size of a walnut to a foot in diameter. 

The economic value of this formation is very great. Large quantities of its 
stone have been used in the finest structures in the State, among which are the 
post offices at Dubuque and Des Moines. The principal quarries are along the 
banks of the Mississippi, from Keokuk to Nauvoo. 

The only vertebrate fossils found in the formation are fishes, all belonging 
to the order selachians, some of which indicate that their owners reached a 
length of twenty -five or thirty feet. 

Of the articulates, only two species of the genus phillipsia have been found 
in this formation. 

Of the mollusks, no cephalopods have yet been recognized in this formation in 
this State ; gasteropods are rare ; brachiopods and polyzoans are quite abundant. 

Of radiates, corals of genera zaphrentes, amplexus and aulopera are found, 
but crinoids are most abundant. 

Of the low forms of animal life, the protozoans, a small fossil related to the 
sponges, is found in this formation in small numbers. 

The /St. Louis Limestone. — This is the uppermost of the subcarboniferous 
group in Iowa. The superficial area it occupies is comparatively small, because 
it consists of long, narrow strips, yet its exten^ is very great. It is first seen 
resting on the geode division of the Keokuk limestone, near Keokuk. Pro- 
ceeding northward, it forms a narrow border along the edge of the coal fields 
in Lee, Des Moines, Henry, Jeff"erson, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska 
Counties. It is then lost sight of until it appears again in the banks of Boone 
River, where it again passes out of view under the coal measures until it is 
next seen in the banks of the Des Moines, near Fort Dodge. As it exists in 
Iowa, it consists of three tolerably distinct subdivisions — the magnesian, arena- 
ceous and calcareous. 

The upper division furnishes excellent material for quicklime, and when 
quarries are well opened, as in the northwestern part of Van Buren County, 
large blocks are obtained. The sandstone, or middle division, is of little 
economic value. The lower or magnesian division furnishes a valuable 
and durable stone, exposures of which are found on Lick Creek, in Van Buren 
County, and on Long Creek, seven miles west of Burlington. 

Of the fossils of this formation, the vertebrates are represented only by the 
remains of fish, belonging to the two orders, selachians and ganoids. The 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 127 

articulates are represented by one species of the trilobite, genus j9^z7?i)?sza, and 
two ostracoid, genera, cythre and heyricia. The mollusks distinguish this 
formation more than any other branch of the animal kingdom. Radiates are 
exceedingly rare, showing a marked contrast between this formation and the 
two preceding it. 

The rocks of the subcarboniferous period have in other countries, and in 
other parts of our own country, furnished valuable minerals, and even coal, but 
in Iowa the economic value is confined to its stone alone. 

The Lower Silurian, Upper Silurian and Devonian rocks of Iowa are largely 
composed of limestone. Magnesia also enters largely into the subcarbon- 
iferous group. With the completion of the St. Louis limestone, the 
production of the magnesian limestone seems to have ceased among the rocks of 
Iowa. 

Although the Devonian age has been called the age of fishes, yet so far as 
Iowa is concerned, the rocks of no period can compare with the subcarbon- 
iferous in the abundance and variety of the fish remains, and, for this reason, 
the Burlington and Keokuk limestones will in the future become more 
famous among geologists, perhaps, than any other formations in North 
America. 

It will be seen that the Chester limestone is omitted from the subcarbon- 
iferous group, and which completes the full geological series. It is probable 
the whole surface of Iowa was above the sea during the time of the 
formation of the Chester limestone to the southward about one hundred 
miles. 

At the close of the epoch of the Chester limestone, the shallow seas in 
which the lower coal measures were formed again occupied the land, extending 
almost as far north as that sea had done in which the Kinderhook beds were 
formed, and to the northeastward its deposits extended beyond the subcarbon- 
iferous groups, outlines of which are found upon the next, or Devonian rock. 

THE COAL-MEASURE GROUP. 

The coal-measure group of Iowa is properly divided into three formations, 
viz., the lower, middle and upper coal measures, each having a vertical thick- 
ness of about two hundred feet. 

A line drawn upon the map of Iowa as follows, will represent the eastern 
and northern boundaries of the coal fields of the State : Commencing at the 
southeast corner of Van Buren County, carry the line to the northeast corner 
of Jefferson County by a slight easterly curve through the western portions of 
Lee and Henry Counties. Produce this line until it reaches a point six or 
eight miles northward from the one last named, and then carry it northwest- 
ward, keeping it at about the same distance to the northward of Skunk River 
and its north branch that it had at first, until it reaches the southern boundary 
of Marshall County, a little west of its center. Then carry it to a point 



128 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

three or four miles northeast from Eldora. in Hardin Coimtv ; thence west- 
ward to a point a little north of Webster City, in Hamilton County ; and 
thence further -westward to a point a little north of Fort Dodge, in "Webster 
County. 

Lower Coal Jleasuns. — In consequence of the recedence to the southward 
of the borders of the middle and upper coal measures, the lower coal measures 
alone exist to the eastward and northward of Des Moines Kiver. They also 
occupy a large area westward and southward of that riyer, but their southerly 
dip passes them below the middle coal measures at no great distance from the 
riyer. 

No other formation in the whole State possesses the economic yaliie of the 
lower coal measures. The clay that underlies almost eyery bed of coal furnishes 
a large amount of material for potters" use. The sandstone of these measures 
is usiuiUy soft and unfit, but in some places, as near Red Rock, in Marion 
County, blocks of large dimensions are obtained which make good building 
material, samples of which can be seen in the State Arsenal, at Des Moines. 
On the whole, that portion of the State occupied by the lower coal measures, 
is not well supplied with stone. 

Bur few fossils haye been found in any of the strata of the lower coal meas- 
ures, but such animal remains as haye been found are without exception of 
marine origin. 

Of fossil plants found in these measures, all probably belong to the class 
acrogens. Specimens of calamites, and seyeral species of ferns, are found in 
all of the coal measures, but the genus lepidodendron seems not to haye existed 
later than the epoch of the middle coal measures. 

Middle Coal Measures. — This formation within the State of Iowa occupies 
a narrow belt of territory in the southern central portion of the State, embrac- 
ing a superficial area of about fourteen hundred square miles. The counties 
more or less imderlaid by this formation are Guthrie. Dallas, Polk, Madison, 
Warren, Clarke. Lucas, Monroe. AVayne and Appanoose. 

This formation is composed of alternating beds of clay, sandstone and lime- 
stone, the clays or shales constituting the bulk of the formation, the limestone 
occurring in their bands, the lithological peculiarities of which ofier many con- 
trasts to the limestones of the upper and lower coal measures. The formation 
is also characterized by regular waye-like undulations, with a parallelism which 
indicates a Ayidespread disturbance, though no dislocation of the strata haye 
been diseoyered. 

Generally speaking, few species of fossils occur in these beds. Some of the 
shales and sandstone haye afiorded a few imperfectly preseryed land plants — 
three or four species of ferns, belonging to the genera. Some of the carbonif- 
erous shales afford beautiful specimens of what appear to haye been sea-weeds. 
Radiates are represented by corals. The mollusks are most numerously repre- 
sented. Tn'lohittS and ostracoids are the only remains known of articulates. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 129' 

Vertebrates are only known by the remains of salachians, or sharks, and 
ganoids. 

Upper Coal Measures. — The area occupied by this formation in Iowa is 
very great, comprising thirteen whole counties, in the southwestern part of the 
State. It adjoins by its northern and eastern boundaries the area occupied by 
the middle coal measures. 

The prominent lithological features of this formation are its limestones, yet 
it contains a considerable proportion of shales and sandstones. Although it is 
known by the name of upper coal measures, it contains but a single bed of coal, 
and that only about twenty inches in maximum thickness. 

The limestone exposed in this formation furnishes good material for building 
as in Madison and Fremont Counties. The sandstones are quite worthless. No 
beds of clay for potter's use are found in the whole formation. 

The fossils in this formation are much more numerous than in either the 
middle or lower coal measures. The vertebrates are represented by the fishes 
of the orders selachians and ganoids. The articulates are represented by the 
trilobites and ostracoids. Mollusks are represented by the classes cephalapoda, 
gasteropoda, lamelli, branchiata, brachiapoda and polyzoa. Radiates are more 
numerous than in the lower and middle coal measures. Protogoans are repre- 
sented in the greatest abundance, some layers of limestone being almost entirely 
composed of their small fusiform shells. 

CRETACEOUS SYSTEM. 

There being no rocks, in Iowa, of permian, triassic or Jurassic age, the 
next strata in the geological series are of the cretaceous age. They are found 
in the western half of the State, and do not dip, as do all the other formations 
upon -which they rest, to the southward and westward, but have a general dip 
of their own to the north of westward, which, however, is very slight. 
Although the actual exposures of cretaceous rocks are few in Iowa, there is 
reason to believe that nearly all the western half of the State was originally 
occupied by them ; but being very friable, they have been removed by denuda- 
tion, which has taken place at two separate periods. The first period was 
during its elevation from the cretaceous sea, and during the long tertiary age 
that passed between the time of that elevation and the commencement of the 
glacial epoch. The second period was during the glacial epoch, when the ice 
produced their entire removal over considerable areas. 

It is difficult to indicate the exact boundaries of these rocks ; the following 
will approximate the outlines of the area : 

From the northeast corner to the southwest corner of Kossuth County ; 
thence to the southeast corner of Guthrie County; thence to the southeast 
corner of Cass County ; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Mont- 
gomery County ; thence to the middle of the north boundary of Pottawattamie 
County ; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Woodbury County ; 



130 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

thence to Sergeant's bluifs ; up the Missouri and Big Sioux Rivers to the 
northwest corner of the State ; eastward along the State line to the place of 
heginning. 

All the cretaceous rocks in Iowa are a part of the same deposits farther up 
the Missouri River, and in reality form their eastern boundary. 

Nishnahotany Sandstone. — This rock has the most easterly and southerly 
extent of the cretaceous deposits of Iowa, reaching the southeastern part of 
Guthrie County and the southern part of Montgomery County. To the north- 
ward, it passes beneath the Woodbury sandstones and shales, the latter passing 
beneath the inoceramus, or chalky, beds. This sandstone is, with few excep- 
tions, almost valueless for economic purposes. 

The only fossils found in this formation are a few fragments of angiosper- 
mous leaves. 

Woodbury Sandstones and Shales. — These strata rest upon the Nishna- 
hotany sandstone, and have not been observed outside of "Woodbury County, 
hence their name. Their principal exposure is at Sergeant's Bluifs, seven 
miles below Sioux City. 

This rock has no value except for purposes of common masonry. 

Fossil remains are rare. Detached scales of a lepidoginoid species have 
been detected, but no other vertebrate remains. Of remains of vegetation, 
leaves of salix meekii and sassafras cretaceum have been occasionally found. 

Inoceramus Beds. — These beds rest upon the Woodbury sandstones and 
shales. They have not been observed in Iowa, except in the bluffs which 
border the Big Sioux River in Woodbury and Plymouth Counties. They are 
composed almost entirely of calcareous material, the upper portion of which is 
extensively used for lime. No building material is to be obtained from these 
beds ; and the only value they possess, except lime, are the marls, which at 
some time may be useful on the soil of the adjacent region. 

The only vertebrate remains found in the cretaceous rocks are the fishes. 
Those in the inoceramus beds of Iowa are two species of squoloid selachians, 
or cestratront, and three genera of teliosts. Molluscan remains are rare. 

PEAT. 

Extensive beds of peat exist in Northern Middle Iowa, which, it is esti- 
mated, contain the following areas : 

Counties. Acres. 

Cerro Gordo .' , 1,500 

Worth 2,C00 

Winnebago 2,000 

Hancock 1,500 

Wright 500 

Kossuth 700 

Dickinson 80 

Several other counties contain peat beds, but the character of the peat is 
inferior to that in the northern part of the State. The character of the peat 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 131 

named is equal to that of Ireland. The beds are of an average depth of four 
feet. It is estimated that each acre of these beds will furnish two hundred and 
fifty tons of dry fuel for each foot in depth. At present, owing to the sparse- 
ness of the population, this peat is not utilized ; but, owing to its great distance 
from the coal fields and the absence of timber, the time is coming when their 
value will be realized, and the fact demonstrated that Nature has abundantly 
compensated the deficiency of other fuel. 

GYPSUM. 

The only deposits of the sulphates of the alkaline earths of any economic 
value in Iowa are those of gypsum at and in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, in 
Webster County. All others are small and unimportant. The deposit occupies 
a nearly central position in Webster County, the Des Moines River running 
nearly centrally through it, along the valley sides of which the gypsum is seen 
in the form of ordinary rock clifi" and ledges, and also occurring abundantly in 
similar positions along both sides of the valleys of the smaller streams and of 
the numerous ravines coming into the river valley. 

The most northerly known limit of the deposit is at a point near the mouth 
of Lizard Creek, a tributary of the Des Moines River, and almost adjoining 
the town of Fort Dodge. The most southerly point at which it has been 
found exposed is about six miles, by way of the river, from this northerly point 
before mentioned. Our knowledge of the width of the area occupied by it is 
limited by the exposures seen in the valleys of the small streams and in the 
ravines which come into the valley within the distance mentioned. As one goes 
up these ravines and minor valleys, the gypsum becomes lost beneath the over- 
lying drift. There can be no doubt that the diiferent parts of this deposit, now 
disconnected by the valleys and ravines having been cut through it, were orig- 
inally connected as a continuous deposit, and there seems to be as little reason 
to doubt that the gypsum still extends to considerable distance on each side of 
the valley of the river beneath the drift which covers the region to a depth of 
from twenty to sixty feet. 

The country round about this region has the prairie surface approximating 
a general level which is so characteristic of the greater part of the State, and 
which exists ii'respective of the character or geological age of the strata beneath, 
mainly because the drift is so deep and uniformly distributed that it frequently 
almost alone gives character to the surface. The valley sides of the Des Moines 
River, in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, are somewhat abrupt, having a depth there 
from the general level of the upland of about one hundred and seventy feet, 
and consequently presents somewhat bold and interesting features in the land- 
scape. 

As one walks up and down the creeks and ravines which come into the 
valley of the Des Moines River there, he sees the gypsum exposed on 
either side of them, jutting out from beneath the drift in the form of 



132 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

ledges and bold quarry fronts, having almost the exact appearance of 
ordinary limestone exposures, so horizontal and regular are its lines of 
stratification, and so similar in color is it to some varieties of that rock. The 
principal quarries now opened are on Two Mile Creek, a couple of miles below 
Fort Dodge. 

The reader will please bear in mind that the gypsum of this remarkable 
deposit does not occur in "heaps " or " nests," as it does in most deposits of 
gypsum in the States farther eastward, but that it exists here in the form of a 
regularly stratified, continuous formation, as uniform in texture, color and 
quality throughout the whole region, and from top to bottom of the deposit 
as the granite of the Quincy quarries is. Its color is a uniform gray, result- 
ing from alternating fine horizontal lines of nearly white, with similar lines 
of darker shade. The gypsum of the white lines is almost entirely pure, the 
darker lines containing the impurity. This is at intervals barely sufficient in 
amount to cause the separation of the mass upon those lines into beds or layers, 
thus facilitating the quarrying of it into desired shapes. These bedding sur- 
faces have occasionally a clayey feeling to the touch, but there is nowhere any 
intercalation of clay or other foreign substance in a separate form. The deposit 
is known to reach a thickness of thirty feet at the quarries referred to, but 
although it will probably be found to exceed this thickness at some other points, 
at the natural exposures, it is seldom seen to be more than from ten to twenty 
feet thick. 

Since the drift is usually seen to rest directly upon the gypsum, with noth- 
ing intervening, except at a few points where traces appear of an overlying bed 
of clayey material without doubt of the same age as the gypsum, the latter 
probably lost something of its thickness by mechanical erosion during the 
glacial epoch ; and it has, doubtless, also suffered some diminution of thickness 
since then by solution in the waters which constantly percolate through the 
drift from the surface. The drift of this region being somewhat clayey, partic- 
ulary in its lower part, it has doubtless served in some degree as a protection 
against the diminution of the gypaum by solution in consequence of its partial 
imperviousness to water. If the gypsum had been covered by a deposit of sand 
instead of the drift clays, it would have no doubt long since disappeared by 
being dissolved in the water that would have constantly reached it from the sur- 
face. Water merely resting upon it would not dissolve it away to any extent, 
but it rapidly disappears under the action of running water. Where little rills 
of water at the time of every rain run over the face of an unused quarry, from 
the surface above it, deep grooves are thereby cut into it, giving it somewhat the 
appearance of melting ice around a waterfall. The fact that gypsum is now 
suffering a constant, but, of course, very slight, diminution, is apparent in the 
fact the springs of the region contain more or less of it in solution in their 
waters. An analysis of water from one of these springs will be found in Prof. 
Emery's report. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 133 

Besides the clayey beds that are sometimes seen to rest upon the gypsum, 
there are occasionally others seen beneath them that are also of the same 
age, and not of the age of the coal-measure strata upon which they rest. 

Age of the Gypsum Deposit. — In neither the gypsum nor the associated 
clays has any trace of any fossil remains been found, nor has any other indica- 
tion of its geological age been observed, except that which is afforded by its 
stratigraphical relations ; and the most that can be said with certainty is that it 
is newer than the coal measures, and older than the drift. The indications 
afforded by the stratigraphical relations of the gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge 
are, however, of considerable value. 

As already shown, it rests in that region directly and unconformably upon 
the lower coal measures ; but going southward from there, the whole series of 
coal-measure strata from the top of the subcarboniferous group to the upper 
coal measures, inclusive, can be traced without break or unconformability. 
The strata of the latter also may be traced in the same manner up into the 
Permian rocks of Kansas; and through this long series, there is no place or 
horizon which suggests that the gypsum deposit might belong there. 

Again, no Tertiary deposits are known to exist within or near the borders 
of Iowa to suggest that the gypsum might be of that age ; nor are any of the 
paleozoic strata newer than the subcarboniferous unconformable upon each 
other as the other gypsum is unconformable upon the strata beneath it. It 
therefore seems, in a measure, conclusive, that the gypsum is of Mesozoic age, 
perhaps older than the Cretaceous. 

Litliological Origin. — As little can be said with certainty concerning the 
lithological origin of this deposit as can be said concerning its geological age, 
for it seems to present itself in this relation, as in the former one, as an isolated 
fact. None of the associated strata show any traces of a double decomposiHon 
of pre-existing materials, such as some have supposed all deposits of gypsum to 
have resulted from. No considerable quantities of oxide of iron nor any trace 
of native sulphur have been found in connection with it; nor has any salt been 
found in the waters of the region. These substances are common in association 
with other gypsum deposits, and are regarded by some persons as indicative of 
the method of or resulting from their origin as such. Throughout the whole 
region, the Fort Dodge gypsum has the exact appearance of a sedimentary 
deposit. It is arranged in layers like the regular layers of limestone, and the 
whole mass, from top to bottom, is traced with fine horizontal laraim^ of alter- 
nating white and gray gypsum, parallel with the bedding surfaces of the layers, 
but the whole so intimately blended as to form a solid mass. The darker lines 
contain almost all the impurity there is in the gypsum, and that impurity is 
evidently sedimentary in its character. Frc"?! these facts, and also from the 
further one that no trace of fossil remains has been detected in the gypsum, it 
seems not unreasonable to entertain the opinion that the gypsum of Fort Dodge 
originated as a chemical precipitation in comparatively still waters which were 



134 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

saturated with sulphate of lime and destitute of life ; its stratification and 
impurities being deposited at the same time as clayey impurities which had been 
held suspended in the same waters. 

Physical Properties. — Much has already been said of the physical proper- 
ties or character of this gypsum, but as it is so different in some respects from 
that of other deposits, there are yet other matters worthy of mention in connec- 
tion with those. According to the results of a complete and exhaustive anal- 
ysis by Prof Emery, the ordinary gray gypsum contains only about eight per 
cent, of impurity ; and it is possible that the average impurity for the whole 
deposit will not exceed that proportion, so uniform in quality is it from to top 
to bottom and from one end of the region to the other. 

When it is remembered that plaster for agricultural purposes is sometimes 
prepared from gypsum that contains as much as thirty per cent, of impurity, it 
will be seen that ours is a very superior article for such purposes. The impu- 
rities are also of such a character that they do not in any way interfere with its 
value for use in the arts. Although the gypsum rock has a gray color, it 
becomes quite white by grinding, and still whiter by the calcining process nec- 
essary in the preparation of plaster of Paris. These tests have all been practi- 
cally made in the rooms of the Geological Survey, and the quality of the plaster 
of Paris still further tested by actual use and experiment. No hesitation, 
therefore, is felt in stating that the Fort Dodge gypsum is of as good a quality 
as any in the country, even for the finest uses. 

In view of the bounteousness of the primitive fertility of our Iowa soils, 
many persons forget that a time may come when Nature will refuse to respond 
so generously to our demand as she does now, without an adequate return. 
Such are apt to say that this vast deposit of gypsum is valueless to our com- 
monwealth, except to the small extent that it may be used in the arts. This 
is undoubtedly a short-sighted view of the subject, for the time is even now 
rapidly passing away when a man may purchase a new farm for less money 
than he can re-fertilize and restore the partially wasted primitive fertility of the 
one he now occupies. There are farms even now in a large part of the older 
settled portions of the State that would be greatly benefited by the proper 
application of plaster, and such areas will continue to increase until it will be 
difiicult to estimate the value of the deposit of gypsum at Fort Dodge. It 
should be remembered, also, that the inhabitants of an extent of country 
adjoining our State more than three times as great as its own area will find it 
more convenient to obtain their supplies from Fort Dodge than from any other 
source. 

For want of direct railroad communication between this region and other 
parts of the State, the only use yet made of the gypsum by the inhabitants is 
for the purposes of ordinary building stone. It is so compact that it is found 
to be comparatively unafiected by the frost, and its ordinary situation in walls 
of houses is such that it is protected from the dissolving action of water, which 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 135 

can at most reach it only from occasional rains, and the effect of these is too 
slight to be perceived after the lapse of several years. 

One of the citizens of Fort Dodge, Hon. John F. Duncombe, built a large, 
fine residence of it, in 1861, the walls of which appear as unaffected by 
exposure and as beautiful as they were when first erected. It has been so long 
and successfully used for building stone by the inhabitants that they now prefer 
it to the limestone of good quality, which also exists in the immediate vicinity. 
This preference is due to the cheapness of the gypsum, as compared with the 
stone. The cheapness of the former is largely due to the facility with which it 
is quarried and wrought. Several other houses have been constructed of it in 
Fort Dodge, including the depot building of the Dubuque & Sioux City Rail- 
road. The company have also constructed a large culvert of the same material 
to span a creek near the town, limestone only being used for the lower courses, 
which come in contact with the water. It is a fine arch, each stone of gypsum 
being nicely hewn, and it will doubtless prove a very durable one. Many of 
the sidewalks in the town are made of the slabs or flags of gypsum which occur 
in some of the quarries in the form of thin layers. They are more durable 
than their softness would lead one to suppose. They also possess an advantage 
over stone in not becoming slippery when worn. 

The method adopted in quarrying and dressing the blocks of gypsum is 
peculiar, and quite unlike that adopted in similar treatment of ordinary stone. 
Taking a stout auger-bit of an ordinary brace, such as is used by carpenters, 
and filing the cutting parts of it into a peculiar form, the quarryman bores his 
holes into the gypsum quarry for blasting, in the same manner and with as 
great facility as a carpenter would bore hard wood. The pieces being loosened 
by blasting, they are broken up with sledges into convenient sizes, or hewn 
into the desired shapes by means of hatchets or ordinary chopping axes, or cut 
by means of ordinary wood-saws. So little grit does the gypsum contain that 
these tools, made for working wood, are found to be better adapted for working 
the former substance than those tools are which are universally used for work- 
ing stone. 

MINOR DEPOSITS OF SULPHATE OF LIME. 

Besides the great gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge, sulphate of lime in the 
various forms of fibrous gypsum, selenite, and small, amorphous masses, has 
also been discovered in various formations in different parts of the State, includ- 
ing the coal -measure shales near Fort Dodge, where it exists in small quanti- 
ties, quite independently of the great gypsum deposit there. The quantity of 
gypsum in these minor deposits is always too small to be of any practical value, 
and frequently minute. They usually occur in shales and shaly clays, asso- 
ciated with strata that contain more or less sulphuret of iron (iron pyrites). 
Gypsum has thus been detected in the coal measures, the St. Louis limestone, 
the cretaceous strata, and also in the lead caves of Dubuque. In most of these 
cases it is evidently the result of double decomposition of iron pyrites and car- 



136 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

bonate of lime, previously existing there ; in whicli cases the gypsum is of course 
not an original deposit as the great one at Fort Dodge is supposed to be. 

The existence of these comparatively minute quantities of gypsum in the 
shales of the coal measures and the subcarboniferous limestone which are exposed 
within the region of and occupy a stratigraphical position beneath the great 
gypsum deposits, suggests the possibility that the former may have originated as 
a precipitate from percolating waters, holding gypsum in solution which they 
had derived from that deposit in passing over or through it. Since, however, 
the same substance is found in similar small quantities and under similar con- 
ditions in regions where they could have had no possible connection with that 
deposit, it is believed that none of those mentioned have necessarily originated 
from it, not even those that are found in close proximity to it. 

The gypsum found in the lead caves is usually in the form of efflorescent 
fibers, and is always in small quantity. In the lower coal-measure shale near 
Fort Dodge, a small mass was found in the form of an intercalated layer, which 
had a distinct fibrous structure, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of 
the layer. The same mass had also distinct, horizontal planes of cleavage at 
right angles with the perpendicular fibers. Thus, being more or less transpa- 
rent, the mass combined the characters of both fibrous gypsum and selenite. 
No anhydrous sulphate of lime {anhydrite) has been found in connection with 
the great gypsum deposit, nor elsewhere in Iowa, so far as yet known. 

SULPHATE OF STRONTIA. 
{^Celes'.ine .) 

The only locality at which this interesting mineral has yet been found in 
Iowa, or, so far as is known, in the great valley of the Mississippi, is at Fort 
Dodge. It occurs there in very small quantity in both the shales of the lower 
coal measures and in the clays that overlie the gypsum deposit, and which are 
regarded as of the same age with it. The first is just below the city, near Rees' 
coal bank, and occurs as a lUyer intercalated among the coal measure shales, 
amounting in quantity to only a few hundred pounds' weight. The mineral is 
fibrous and crystalline, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of the layer. 
Breaking also with more or less distinct horizontal planes of cleavage, it resem- 
bles, in physical character, the layer of fibi'O-crystalline gypsum before men- 
tioned. Its color is light blue, is transparent and shows crystaline facets upon 
both the upper and under surfaces of the layer ; those of the upper sui-face 
being smallest and most numerous. It breaks up readily into small masses 
along the lines of the perpendicular fibers or columns. The layer is probably 
not more than a rod in extent in any direction and about three inches in maxi- 
mum thickness. Apparent lines of stratification occur in it, corresponding with 
those of the shales which imbed it. 

The other deposit was still smaller in amount, and occurred as a mass of 
crystals imbedded in the clays that overlie the gypsum at Cummins' quarry in 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOAVA. 137 

the valley of Soldier Creek, upon the north side of the town. The mineral is 
in this case nearly colorless, and but for the form of the separate crystals would 
closely resemble masses of impure salt. The crystals are so closely aggregated 
that they enclose but little impurity in the mass, but in almost all cases their 
fundamental forms are obscured. This mineral has almost no real practical 
value, and its occurrence, as described, is interesting only as a mineralogical 
fact. 

SULPHATE OF BARYTA. 
(^Barytes, Heavy Spar.) 

This mineral has been found only in minute quantities in Iowa. It has 
been detected in the coal-measure shales of Decatur, Madison and Marion 
Counties, ihe Devonian limestone of Johnson and Bremer Counties and in the 
lead caves of Dubuque. In all these cases, it is in the form of crystals or small 
crystalline masses. 

SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA. 
[Epsomite.) 

Epsomite, or native epsom salts, having been discovered near Burlington, 
"we have thus recognized in Iowa all the sulphates of the alkaline earths of 
natural origin ; all of them, except the sulphate of lime, being in very small 
quantity. Even if the sulphate of magnesia were produced in nature, in large 
quantities, it is so very soluble that it can accumulate only in such positions as 
afford it complete shelter from the rains or running water The epsomite 
mentioned was found beneath the overhanging cliff of Burlington limestone, 
near Starr's mill, which are represented in the sketch upon another page, illus- 
trating the subcarboniferous rocks. It occurs in the form of efflorescent encrus- 
tations upon the surface of stones and in similar small fragile masses among the 
fine debris that has fallen down beneath the overhanging cliff. The projection 
of the cliff over the perpendicular face of the strata beneath amounts to near 
twenty feet at the point where epsomite was found. Consequently the rains 
never reach far beneath it from any quarter. The rock upon which the epsom- 
ite accumulates is an impure limestone, containing also some carbonate of mag- 
nesia, together with a small proportion of iron pyrites in a finely divided con- 
dition. It is doubtless by double decomposition of these that the epsomite re- 
sults. By experiments with this native salt in the office of the Survey, a fine 
article of epsom salts was produced, but the quantity that might be annually 
obtained there would amount to only a few pounds, and of course is of no prac- 
tical value whatever, on account of its cheapness in the market. 

CLIMATOLOGY. 

No extended record of the climatology of Iowa has been made, yet much of 
great value may be learned from observations made at a single point. Prof T. 
S. Parvin, of the State University, has recorded observations made from 1839 
to the present time. Previous to 1860, these observations were made at Mus- 



- 138 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

catine. Since that date, they were made in Iowa City. The result is that the 
atmospheric conditions of the climate of Iowa are in the highest degree favor- 
able to health. 

The highest temperature here occurs in August, while July is the hottest 
month in the year by two degrees, and January the coldest by three degrees. 

The mean temperature of April and October most nearly corresponds to the 
mean temperature of the year, as well as their seasons of Spring and Fall, 
while that of Summer and Winter is best represented in that of August and 
December. 

The period of greatest heat ranges from June 22d to August 31st ; the next 
mean time being July 27th. The lowest temperature extends from December 
16th to February 15th, the average being January 20th — the rai^e in each 
case being two full months. 

The climate of Iowa embraces the range of that of New York, Pennsyl- 
vania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. The seasons are not characterized by the 
frequent and sudden changes so common in the latitudes further south. The 
temperature of the Winters is somewhat lower than States eastward, but of other 
seasons it is higher. The atmosphere is dry and invigorating. The surface of 
the State being free at all seasons of the year from stagnant water, with good 
breezes at nearly all seasons, the miasmatic and pulmonary diseases are 
unknown. Mortuary statistics show this to be one of the most healthful States 
in the Union, being one death to every ninety-four persons. The Spring, 
Summer and Fall months are delightful ; indeed, the glory of Iowa is her 
Autumn, and nothing can transcend the splendor of her Indian Summer, which 
lasts for weeks, and finally blends, almost imperceptibly, into Winter. 




HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



DISCOVERY AND OCCUPATION. 

Iowa, in the symbolical and expressive language of the aboriginal inhab- 
itants, is said to signify " The Beautiful Land," and was applied to this- 
magnificent and fruitful region by its ancient owners, to express their apprecia- 
tion of its superiority of climate, soil and location. Prior to 1803, the Mississippi 
River was the extreme western boundary of the United States. All the great 
empire lying west of the " Father of Waters,'' from the Gulf of Mexico on the 
south to British America on the north, and westward to the Pacific Ocean, was 
a Spanish province. A brief historical sketch of the discovery and occupation 
of this grand empire by the Spanish and French governments will be a fitting 
introduction to the history of the young and thriving State of Iowa, which, 
until the commencement of the present century, was a part of the Spanish 
possessions in America. 

Early in the Spring of 1542, fifty years after Columbus discovered the New 
World, and one hundred and thirty years before the French missionaries discov- 
ered its upper waters, Ferdinand De Soto discovered the mouth of the Mississippi 
River at the mouth of the Washita. After the sudden death of De Soto, in. 
May of the same year, his followers built a small vessel, and in July, 1543, 
descended the great river to the Gulf of Mexico. 

In accordance with the usage of nations, under which title to the soil was 
claimed by right of discovery, Spain, having conquered Florida and discovered 
the Mississippi, claimed all the territory bordering on that river and the Gulf of 
Mexico. But it was also held by the European nations that, while discovery 
gave title, that title must be perfected by actual possession and occupation. 
Although Spain claimed the territory by right of first discovery, she made no 
effort to occupy it; by no pei'manent settlement had she perfected and held her 
title, and therefore had forfeited it when, at a later period, the Lower Mississippi 
Valley was re-discovered and occupied by France. 

The unparalleled labors of the zealous Fr( nc^ Jesuits of Canada in penetrating 
the unknown region of the West, commencing in 1611, form a history of no ordi- 
nary interest, but have no particular connection with the scope of the present 
work, until in the Fall of 1665. Pierre Claude Allouez, who had entered Lake 
Superior in September, and sailed along the southern coast in search of copper, 
had arrived at the great village of the Chippewas at Chegoincegon. Here a 
grand council of some ten or twelve of the principal Indian nations was held. 
The Pottawatomies of Lake Michigan, the Sacs and Foxes of the West, the 
Hurons from the North, the Illinois from the South, and the Sioux from the 
land of the prairie and wild rice, were all assembled there. The Illinois told 



140 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the storv of their ancient glorj and about the noble river on the banks of which 
they dwelt. The Sioux also told their white brother of the same great river, 
and Allouez promised to the assembled tribes the protection of the French 
nation against all their enemies, native or foreign. 

The purpose of discovering the great river about Avhich the Indian na- 
tions had given such glowing accounts appears to have originated with Mar- 
quette, in 1669. In the year previous, he and Claude Dablon had established 
the Mission of St. Mary's, the oldest white settlement within the present limits 
of the State of Michigan. Marquette was delayed in the execution of his great 
undertaking, and spent the interval in studying the language and habits of the 
Illinois Indians, among whom he expected to travel. 

About this time, the French Government had determined to extend the do- 
minion of France to the extreme western borders of Canada. Nicholas Perrot 
■was sent as the agent of the government, to propose a grand council of the 
Indian nations, at St. Mary's. 

When Perrot reached Green Bay, he extended the invitation far and near ; 
and, escorted by Pottawatomies, repaired on a mission of peace and friend- 
ship to the Miamis, who occupied the region about the present location of 
Chicago. 

In May, 1671, a great council of Indians gathered at the Falls of St. 
Mary, from all parts of the Northwest, from the head waters of the St. Law- 
rence, from the valley of the Mississippi and from the Red River of the North. 
Perrot met Avith them, and after grave consultation, formally announced to the 
assembled nations that their good French Father felt an abiding interest in their 
welfare, and had placed them all under the powerful protection of the French 
Government. 

Marquette, during that same year, had gathered at Point St. Ignace the 
i-emn ants of one branch of the Hurons. This station, for a long series of 
years, was considered the key to the unknown West. 

The time was now auspicious for the consummation of Marquette's grand 
project. The successful termination of Perrot's mission, and the general friend- 
liness of the native tribes, rendered the contemplated expedition much less per- 
ilous. But it was not until 1673 that the intrepid and enthusiastic priest was 
finally ready to depart on his daring and perilous journey to lands never trod by 
white men. 

The Indians, who had gathered in large numbers to witness his departure; 
were astounded at the boldness of the proposed undertaking, and tried to dis- 
courage him, representing that the Indians of the Mississippi Valley were cruel 
and bloodthirsty, and would resent the intrusion of strangers upon their domain. 
The great river itself, they said, was the abode of terrible monsters, who could 
swallow both canoes and men. 

But Marquette was not to be diverted from his purpose by these fearful re- 
ports. He assured his dusky friends that he was ready to make any sacrifice, 
even to lay down his life for the sacred cause in which he was engaged. He 
prayed with them ; and having implored the blessing of God upon his undertak- 
ing, on the 13th day of May, 1673, with Joliet and five Canadian-French voy- 
-ageurs, or boatmen, he ieft the mission on his daring journey. Ascending 
Green Bay and Fox River, these bold and enthusiastic pioneers of religion and 
discovery proceeded until they reached a Miami and Kickapoo village, where 
Marquette was delighted to find " a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the 
town, ornamented with white skins, red girdles and boAvs and arrows, which 
these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank Him for 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 141 

the pity He had bestowed on them during the Winter, in having given them 
abundant chase." 

This was the extreme point beyond which the explorations of the French 
missionaries had not then extended. Here Marquette was instructed by his 
Indian hosts in the secret of a root that cures the bite, of the venomous rattle- 
snake, drank mineral water with them and was entertained with generous hos- 
pitality. He called together the principal men of the village, and informed 
them that his companion, Joliet, had been sent by the French Governor of Can- 
ada to discover new countries, to be added to the dominion of France ; but that 
he, himself, had been sent by the Most High God, to carry the glorious religion 
•of the Cross ; and assured his wondering hearers that on this mission he had 
no fear of death, to which he knew he would be exposed on his perilous journeys. 

Obtaining the services of two Miami guides, to conduct his little band to the 
Wisconsin River, he left the hospitable Indians on the 10th of June. Conduct- 
ing them across the portage, their Indian guides returned to their village, and 
the little party descended the Wisconsin, to the great river which had so long 
been so anxiously looked for, and boldly floated down its unknown waters. 

On the 25th of June, the explorers discovered indications of Indians on the 
■west bank of the river and land -d a little above the mouth of the river now 
known as Des Moines, and for the first time Europeans trod the soil of Iowa. 
Leaving the Canadians to guard the canoes, Marquette and Joliet boldly fol- 
lowed the trail into the interior for fourteen miles (some authorities say six), to 
an Indian village situate on the banks of a river, and discovered two other vil- 
lages, on the rising ground about half a league distant. Their visit, while it 
created much astonishment, did not seem to be entirely unexpected, for there 
was a tradition or prophecy among the Indians that white visitors were to come 
to them. They were, therefore, received with great respect and hospitality, and 
were cordially tendered the calumet or pipe of peace. They were informed that 
this band was a part of the Illini nation and that their village was called Mon- 
in-gou-ma or Moingona, which was the name of the river on which it stood. 
This, from its similarity of sound, Marquette corrupted into Des Moines 
(Monk's River), its present name. 

Here the voyagers remained six days, learning much of the manners and 
customs of their new friends. The new religion they boldly preached and the 
authority of the King of France they proclaimed were received without hos- 
tility or remonstrance by their savage entertainers. On their departure, they 
were accompanied to their canoes by the chiefs and hundreds of warriors. 
Marquette received from them the sacred calumet, the emblem of peace and 
safeguard among the nations, and re-embarked for the rest of his journey. 

It is needless to follow him further, as his explorations beyond his discovery 
of Iowa more properly belong to the history of another State. 

In 1682, La Salle descended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and in 
the name of the King of France, took formal possession of all the immense 
region watered by the great river and its tributaries from its source to its mouth, 
and named it Louisiana, in honor of his master, Louis XIY. The river he 
called " Colbert," after the French Minister, and at its mouth erected a column 
and a cross bearing the inscription, in the French language, 

"Louis the Great, King of France and Navarre, 
Reigning April 9th, 1682." 

At the close of the seventeenth century, France claimed, by right of dis- 
covery and occupancy, the whole valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries, 
including Texas, as far as the Rio del Norte. 



142 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA 

The province of Louisiana stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the sources 
of the Tennessee, the Kanawha, the Allegheny and the Monongahela on the 
east, and the Missouri and the other great tributaries of the Father of Waters- 
on the west. Says Bancroft, " France had obtained, under Providence, the 
guardianship of this immense district of country, not, as it proved, for her own 
benefit, but rather as a trustee for the infant nation by which it was one day to- 
be inherited." 

By the treaty of Utrecht, France ceded to England her possessions 
in Hudson's Ba,y, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. France still retained 
Louisiana ; but the province had so far failed to meet the expectations of the 
crown and the people that a change in the government and policy of the country 
was deemed indispensable. Accordingly, in 1711, the province was placed in 
the hands of a Governor General, with headquarters at Mobile. This govern- 
ment was of brief duration, and in 1712 a charter was granted to Anthony 
Crozat, a wealthy merchant of Paris, giving him the entire control and mo- 
nopoly of all the trade and resources of Louisiana. But this scheme also failed. 
Crozat met with no success in his commercial operations ; every Spanish harbor 
on the Gulf was closed against his vessels ; the occupation of Louisiana was 
deemed an encroachment on Spanish territory ; Spain was jealous of the am- 
bition of France. 

Failing in his efforts to open the ports of the district, Crozat "sought ta 
develop the internal resources of Louisiana, by causing trading posts to be 
opened, and explorations to be made to its remotest borders. But he 
actually accomplished nothing for the advancement of the colony. The only 
prosperity which it ever possessed grew out of the enterprise of humble indi- 
viduals, who had succeeded in instituting a little barter bjtwe^n themselves 
and the natives, and a petty trade with neighboring European settlements. 
After a persevering effort of nearly five years, he surrendered his charter in 
August, 1717." 

Immediately following the surrender of his charter by Crozat, another and 
more magnificent scheme was inaugurated. The national government of France 
was deeply involved in debt ; the colonies were nearly bankrupt, and John Law 
appeared on the scene with his famous Mississippi Company, as the Louisiana 
branch of the Bank of France. The charter granted to this company gave it a. 
legal existence of twenty-five years, and conferred upon it more extensive powers, 
and privileges than had been granted to Crozat. It invested the new company 
with the exclusive privilege of the entire commerce of Louisiana, and of New 
France, and with authority to enforce their rights. The Company was author- 
ized to monopolize all the trade in the country ; to make treaties with the 
Indians ; to declare and prosecute war ; to grant lands, erect forts, open mines 
of precious metals, levy taxes, nominate civil officers, commission those of the 
army, and to appoint and remove judges, to cast cannon, and build and equip 
ships of war. All this was to be done with the paper currency of John Law's 
Bank of France. He had succeeded in getting His Majesty the French King 
to adopt and sanction his scheme of financial operations both in France and in 
the colonies, and probably there never was such a huge financial bubble ever 
blown by a visionary theorist. Still, such was the condition of France that it 
was accepted as a national deliverance, and Law became the most powerful man 
in France. He became a Catholic, and was appointed Comptroller General of 
Finance. 

Among the first operations of the Company was to send eight hundred 
emigrants to Louisiana, who arrived at Dauphine Island in 1718. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 143 

In 1719, Philipe Francis Renault arrived in Illinois with two hundred 
miners and artisans. The war between France and Spain at this time rendered 
it extremely probable that the Mississippi Valley might become the theater of 
Spanish hostilities against the French settlements ; to prevent this, as well as to 
extend French claims, a chain of forts was begun, to keep open the connection 
between the mouth and the sources of the Mississippi. Fort Orleans, high up 
the Mississippi River, was erected as an outpost in 1720. 

The Mississippi scheme was at the zenith of its power and glory in January, 
1720, but the gigantic bubble collapsed more suddenly than it had been inflated, 
and the Company was declared hopelessly bankrupt in May following. France 
was impoverished by it, both private and public credit Avere overthrown, capi- 
talists suddenly found themselves paupers, and labor was left without employ- 
ment. The effect on the colony of Louisiana was disastrous. 

While this Avas going on in Lower Louisiana, the region about the lakes was 
the theater of Indian hostilities, rendering the passage from Canada to Louisiana 
extremely dangerous for many years. The English had not only extended their 
Indian trade into the vicinity of the French settlements, but through their 
friends, the Iroquois, had gained a marked ascendancy over the Foxes, a fierce 
and powerful tribe, of Iroquois descent, whom they incited to hostilities against 
the French. The Foxes began their hostilities with the siege of Detroit in 
1712, a siege which they continued for nineteen consecutive days, and although 
the expedition resulted in diminishing their numbers and humbling their pride, 
yet it was not until after several successive campaigns, embodying the best 
military resources of New France, had been directed against them, that were 
finally defeated at the great battles of Butte des Morts, and on the Wisconsin 
River, and driven Avest in 1746. 

The Company, having found that the cost of defending Louisiana exceeded 
the returns from its commerce, solicited leave to surrender the Mississippi 
wilderness to the home government. Accordingly, on the 10th of April, 1732, 
the jurisdiction and control over the commerce reverted to the crown of France. 
The Company had held jDossession of Louisiana fourteen years. In 1735, Bien- 
ville returned to assume command for the King. 

A glance at a few of the old French settlements will show the progress made 
in portions of Louisiana during the early part of the eighteenth century. As 
early as 1705, traders and hunters had penetrated the fertile regions of the 
Wabash, and from this region, at that early date, fifteen thousand hides and 
skins had been collected and sent to Mobile for the European market. 

In the year 1716, the French population on the Wabash kept up a lucrative 
commerce with Mobile by means of traders and voyageurs. The Ohio River 
was comparatively unknown. 

In 1746, agriculture on the Wabash had attained to greater prosperity than 
in any of the French settlements besides, and in that year six hundred barrels 
of flour were manufactured and shipped to New Orleans, together with consider- 
able quantities of hides, peltry, tallow and beeswax. 

In the Illinois country, also, considerable settlements had been made, so that, 
in 1730, they embraced one hundred and forty French families, about six 
hundred "converted Indians," and many traders and voyageurs. 

In 1753, the first actual conflict arose between Louisiana and the Atlantic 
colonies. From the earliest advent of the Jesuit fathers, up to the period of 
which we speak, the great ambition of the French had been, not alone to preserA^e 
their possessions in the West, but by every possible means to prevent the 
slightest attempt of the English, east of the mountains, to extend their settle- 



144 HISTOKY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

ments toward the Mississippi. France was resolved on retaining possession of 
the great territory which her missionaries had discovered and revealed to the 
world. French commandants had avowed rheir purpose of seizing every 
Englishman within the Ohio Valley. 

The colonies of Penn.sylvania, New York and Virginia were most aftected bv 
the encroachments of France in the extension of her dominion, and particularly 
in the great scheme of uniting Canada with Louisiana. To carry out this 
purpose, the French had taken possession of a tract of country claimed by Vir- 
ginia, and had commenced a line of forts extending from the lakes to the Ohio- 
River. Virginia was not only alive to her own interests, but attentive to the 
vast importance of an immediate and eflectual resistance on the part of all 
the English colonies to the actual and contemplated encroachments of the 
French. 

In 17C3, Goventor Diuwiddie. of Virginia, sent George "Washington, then a 
young man just twenty-one, to demand of the French commandant " a reason 
for invading British dominions while a solid peace subsisted." Washington met 
the French commandant, Gardeur de St. Pierre, on the head waters of the 
Alleghany, and having communicated to him the object of his journey, received 
the insolent answer that the French would not discuss the matter of right, but 
would make prisoners of every Englishman found trading on the Ohio and its 
waters. The country, he said, belonged to the French, by virtue of the dis- 
coveries of La Salle, and they would not withdraw from it. 

In January, 1754, Washington returned to Virginia, and made his report to 
the Governor and Council. Forces were at once raised, and Washington, as 
Lieutenant Colonel, was dispatched at the head of a hundred and fifty men, to 
the forks of the Ohio, Avith orders to "finish the fort already begun there by the 
Ohio Cuuipany, and to make prisoners, kill or destroy all who interrupted the 
English settlements." 

On his march through the forests of Western Pennsylvania. Washington, 
through the aid of friendly Lidians, discovered the French concealed among the 
rocks, and as they van to seize their arms, ordered his men to fire upon them, at 
the same time, with his own musket, setting the example. An action ^lasting 
about a quarter of an hour ensued; ten of the Frenchmen were killed, among 
them Jumonville, the commander of the party, and twenty-one were made pris- 
oners. The dead were scalped by the Indians, and the chief, bearing a toma- 
hawk and a scalp, visited all the tribes of the Miamis, urging them to join the 
Six Nations and the English against the French. The French, however, were 
soon re-enforced, and Col. Washington was compelled to return to Fort 
Necessity. Here, on the od day of July, De Villiers invested the fort with 
600 French troops and 100 Indians. On the 4th. Washington accepted 
terms of capitulation, and the English garrison withdrew from the valley of 
the Ohio. 

This attack of Washington upon Jumonville arouseil the indignation of 
France, and war was formally declared in May, 1T5G, and the "French and 
Indian War"' devastated the colonies for several years. Montreal, Detroit 
and all Canada were surrendered to the English, and on the 10th of February. 
1763, by the treaty of Paris — which had been signed, though not formally ratified 
by the respective governments, on the 3d of November. 1 762 — France relinquished 
to Great Britian all that portion of the p^rovince of Louisiana lying on the east 
side of the Mississippi, except the island and town of New Orleans. On the 
same day that the treaty of Paris was signed, France, by a secret treaty, ceded 
to Spain all her possessions on the west side of the Mississippi, including the 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 145 

whole country to the head waters of the Great River, and west to the Rocky 
Mountains, and the jurisdiction of France in America, which had lasted nearly 
a century, was ended. 

At the close of the Revolutionary war, by the treaty of peace between Great 
Britain and the United States, the English Government ceded to the latter 
all the territory on the east side of the Mississippi River and north of the thirty- 
first parallel of north latitude. At the same time, Great Britain ceded to 
Spain all the Floridas, comprising all the territory east of tlie Mississippi and 
south of the southern limits of the United States. 

At this time, therefore, the present State of Iowa was a part of the Spanish 
possessions in North America, as all the territory west of the Mississippi River 
was under the dominion of Spain. That government also possessed all the 
territory of the Floridas east of the great river and south of the thirty-first 
parallel of north latitude. The Mississippi, therefore, so essential to the pros- 
perity of the western portion of the United States, for the last three hundred 
miles of its course flowed wholly within the Spanish dominions, and that govern- 
ment claimed the exclusive right to use and control it below the southern boun- 
dary of the United States. 

The free navigation of the Mississippi was a very important question during 
all the time that Louisiana remained a dependency of the Spanish Crown, and 
as the final settlement intimately affected the status of the then future State 
of Iowa, it will be interesting to trace its progress. 

The people of the United States occupied and exercised jurisdiction over 
the entire eastern valley of the Mississippi, embracing all the country drained 
by its eastern tributaries ; they had a natural right, according to the accepted in- 
ternational law, to follow these rivers to the sea, and to the use of the Missis- 
sippi River accordingly, as the great natural channel of commerce. The river 
was not only necessary but absolutely indispensable to the prosperity and growth 
of the western settlements then rapidly rising into commercial and political 
importance. They were situated in the heart of the great valley, and with 
wonderfully expansive energies and accumulating resources, it was very evident 
that no power on earth could deprive them of the free use of the river below 
them, only Avhile their numbers were insufiicient to enable them to maintain 
their right by force. Inevitably, therefore, immediately after the ratification of 
the treaty of 1783, the Western people began to demand the free navigation 
of the Mississippi — not as a favor, but "as a right. In 1786, both banks of 
the river, below the mouth of the Ohio, were occupied by Spain, and military 
posts on the east bank enforced her power to exact heavy duties on all im- 
ports by way of the river for the Ohio region. Every boat descending the 
river was forced to land and submit to the arbitrary revenue exactions of the 
Spanish authorities. Under the administration of Governor Miro, these rigor- 
ous exactions were someAvhat relaxed from 1787 to 1790 ; but Spain held it as 
her I'ight to make them. Taking advantage of the claim of tlie American people, 
that the Mississippi should be opened to them, in 1791, the Spanish Govern- 
ment concocted a scheme for the dismerabership of the Union. The plan was 
to induce the Western people to separate from the Eastern States by liberal land 
grants and extraordinary commercial privileges. 

Spanish emissaries, among the people of Ohio and Kentucky, informed them 
that the Spanish Government would grant them fiivorable commercial privileges, 
provided, they would secede from the Federal Government east of the mountains. 
The Spanish Minister to the United States plainly declared to his confidential 
correspondent that, unless the Western people Avould declare their independence 



T4G HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

■^nd refuse to remain in the Union. Spain -was determined never to i:;rant the 
free navigation of the Mississippi. 

By the treaty of Madrid, Oetober '20, 179o. however. Spain formally stip- 
ulated that the 31ississippi l\iver. from its souree to the Gnlf, for its entire -width, 
should be free to American trade and commerce, and that the people of the 
United States should be permitted, for three years, to use the port of New 
Orleans as a port of deposit for their merchandise and produce, duty free. 

In November. ISOl. the United States Government received, through Kufus 
King, its Minister at the Court of St. James, a copy of the treaty between Spain 
and France, signed at Madrid March 21, 1801, by Avhich the cession ot^ Loui- 
siana to France, made the previous Atitumn, -was contirmed. 

The change oftered a tavorable opportunity to secure the just rights of the 
United States, in relation to the tree navigation of the Mississippi, and ended 
the attempt to dismember the Union by an effort to secure an independent 
government Avest of the Alleghany Mountains, vbi the Ttli of January. 1S08, 
the American House of Eepresentatives adopted a resolution declaring their 
** unalterable determination to maintain' the boundaries and the rights of navi- 
gation and commerce through the Eiver ISIississippi. as established by existing 
treaties." 

In the same month. President Jefferson nominated and the Senate contirmed 
Robert R. Livingston and James Monroe as Envoys Plenipotentiary to the 
Court of France, and Charles Pinckney and James * Monroe to the Court of 
Spain, -with plenary powers to negotiate treaties to effect the object enunciated 
by the popular branch of the National Legislature. These envoys were in- 
structed to secure, if possible, the cession of Florida and New Orleans, but it 
does not appear that Mr. Jefferson and his Cabinet had any idea of purchasing 
that part of Louisiana lying on the ivcsf side of the Mississippi. In tact, on 
the 2d of March following, the instructions were sent to our Ministers, contain- 
ing a plan -which expressly left to France "all her territory on the -west side of 
the Mississippi.'' Had these instructions been followed, it might have been that 
there would not have been any State of Iowa or any other member of the glori- 
ous Union of States west of the "Father of Waters." 

In obedience to his instructions, however, 3Ir. Livingston broached this 
plan to M. Talleyrand. Napoleon's Prime Minister, when that courtly diplo- 
matist quietly suggested to the American Minister that France might be willing 
to cede the wJioh' French domain in North America to the United States, and 
asked how much the Federal Government would be willing to give for it. Liv- 
ingston intimated that twenty millions of francs might be a lair price. Talley- 
rand thotight that not enough, but asked the Americans to " think of it."' A 
few days later. Napoleon, in an interview with Mr. Livingston, in effect informed 
the American Envoy that he had secured Louisiana in a contnict with Spain 
for the purpose of turning it over to the United States for a mere nominal sum. 
He had been compelled to provide for the safety of that province by the treaty, 
and he was *' anxious to give the United States a magniticent barg-ain for a 
mere trifle." The price proposed was one hundred and tweuty-tive million 
francs. This was subsequently modified to fifteen million dollars, and on this 
basis a treaty was negotiated, and was signed on the 30th day of April, iSOo. 

This treaty was ratified by the Federal Government, and by act of Congress, 
approved October 31, 1S03, the President of the United States was authorized 
to take possession of the territory and provide for it a temporary government. 
Accordingly, on the 20th day of December foil nving, on behalf of the Presi- 
dent. Gov. Clairborne and Gen. Wilkinson took possession of the Louisiana 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 147 

purchase, and raised the American flag over tlie newly acquired domain, at New 
Orleans. Spain, although it had by treaty ceded the province to France in 
1801, still held quasi possession, and at first objected to the transfer, but with- 
drew her opposition early in 1804. 

By this treaty, thus successfull_y consummated, and the peaceable withdrawal 
of Spain, the then infant nation of the New World extended its dominion west 
of the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean, and nortii from the Gulf of Mexico to 
British America. 

If the original design of Jefferson's administration had been accomplished, 
the United States would have acquired only that portion of the French territory 
lying east of the Mississippi River, and while the American people would thus 
have acquired the free navigation of that great river, all of the vast and fertile 
empire on the west, so rich in its agricultural and inexhaustible mineral 
resources, would have remained under the dominion of a foreign power. To 
Napoleon's desire to sell the whole of his North American possessions, and Liv- 
ingston's act transcending his instructions, which was acquiesced in after it w^as 
done, docs Iowa owe her position as a part of the United States by the 
Louisiana purchase. 

By authority of an act of Congress, approved March 26, 1804, the newly 
acquired territory was, on the 1st day of October following, divided : that part 
lying south of the 33d parallel of north latitude was called the Territory of 
Orleans, and all north of that parallel the District of Louisiana, which was placed 
under the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory, until July 4, 1805, when 
it was organized, with territorial government of its own, and so remained until 
1812, when the Territory of Orleans became the State of Louisiana, and the 
name of the Territory of Louisiana was changed to Missouri. On the 4th of 
July, 1814, that part of Missouri Territory comprising the present State of 
Arkansas, and the country to the westwartl, Avas organized into the Arkansas 
Territory. 

On the 2d of March, 1821, the State of Missouri, being a part of the Terri- 
tory of that name, was admitted to the Union. June 28, 1834, the territory 
west of the Mississippi River and north of Missouri was made a part of the 
Territory of Michigan ; but two years later, on the 4th of July, 1836, Wiscon- 
sin Territory was erected, embracing within its limits the present States of 
Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota. 

By act of Congress, approved June 12, 1838, the 

TERRITORY OP IOWA 

was erected, comprising, in addition to the present State, much the larger part 
of Minnesota, and extending north to the boundary of the British Possessions. 

THE ORIGINAL OWNERS. 

Having traced the early history of the great empire lying west of the Mis- 
sissippi, of which the State of Iowa constitutes a part, from the earliest dis- 
covery to the organization of the Tei'ritory of Iowa, it becomes necessary to 
give some history of 

THE INDIANS OP IOWA. 

According to the policy of the Eui'opean nations, possession perfected title 
to any territory. We have seen that the country west of the Mississippi was first 
discovered by the Spaniards, but afterward, was visited and occupied by the 
French. It was ceded by France to Spain, and by Spain back to France again, 



148 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and then was purchased and occupied by the United States. During all that 
time, it does not appear to have entered into the heads or hearts of the high 
contracting parties that the country they bought, sold and gave away was in 
the possession of a race of men who, although savage, owned the vast domain 
before Columbus first crossed the Atlantic. Having purchased the territory, 
the United States found it still in the possession of its original owners, who had 
never been dispossessed ; and it became necessary to purchase again what had 
already been bought before, or forcibly eject the occupants; therefore, the his- 
tory of the Indian nations who occupied Iowa prior to and during its early set- 
tlement by the whites, becomes an important chapter in the history of the State, 
that cannot be omitted. 

For more than one hundred years after Marquette and Joliet trod the virgin 
soil of Iowa, not a single settlement had been made or attempted ; not even a 
trading post liad been established. The whole country remained in the undis- 
puted possession of the native tribes, who roamed at will over her beautiful and 
fertile prairies, hunted in her woods, fished in her streams, and often poured out 
their life-blood in obstinately contested contests for supremacy. That this State 
so aptly styled "The Beautiful Land," had been the theater of numerous, 
fierce and bloody struggles between rival nations, for possession of the favored 
region, long before its settlement by civilized man, there is no room for doubt. 
In these savage wars, the weaker party, whether aggressive or defensive, was 
either exterminated or driven from their ancient hunting grounds. 

In 1673, when Marquette discovered Iowa, the Illini were a very powerful 
people, occupying a large portion of the State ; but when the country was again 
visited by the whites, not a remnant of that once powerful tribe remained on 
the west side of the Mississippi, and Iowa was principally in the possession of 
the Sacs and Foxes, a warlike tribe which, originally two distinct nations, 
residing in New York and on the waters of the St. Lawrence, had gradually 
fought their way westward, and united, probably, after the Foxes had been driven 
out of the Fox River country, in 1846, and crossed the Mississippi. The death 
of Pontiac, a famous Sac chieftain, was made the pretext for war against the 
Illini, and a fierce and bloody struggle ensued, which continued until the Illinois 
were nearty destroyed and their hunting grounds possessed by their victorious 
foes. The lowas also occupied a portion of the State for a time, in common 
with the Sacs, but they, too, were nearly destroyed by the Sacs and Foxes, and, 
in "The Beautiful Land," these natives met their equally warlike foes, the 
l^orthern Sioux, with whom they niaintained a constant Avarfare for the posses- 
sion of the country for many years. 

When the United States came in possession of the great valley of the Mis- 
sissippi, by the Louisiana purchase, the Sacs and Foxes and lowas possessed 
the entire territory now comprising the State of Iowa. The Sacs and Foxes, 
also, occupied the most of the State of Illinois. 

The Sacs had four principal villages, where most of them resided, viz. : 
Their largest and most important town — if an Indian village may be called 
such — and from which emanated most of the obstacles and difficulties encoun- 
tered by the Government in the extinguishment of Indian titles to land in this 
region, was on Rock River, near Rock Island ; another was on the east bank of 
the Mississippi, near the mouth of Henderson River ; the third was at the 
head of the Des Moines Rapids, near the present site of Montrose, and the fourth 
was near the mouth of the Upper Iowa. 

The Foxes had three principal villages, viz. : One on the west side of the 
Mississippi, six miles above the rapids of Rock River ; another about twelve 



HISTORY OF TFIE STATE OF IOWA. 149 

miles from the river, in the rear of the Dubuque lead mines, and the third on 
Turkey River. 

The lowas, at one time identified with the Sacs, of Rock River, had with- 
drawn from them and become a separate tribe. Their principal village was on 
the Des J\foines River, in Van Buren County, on the site where lowaville now 
stands. Here the last great battle between the Sacs and Foxes and the lowas 
was fought, in Avhich Black Hawk, then a young man, commanded one division 
of the attacking forces. The following account of the battle has been given : 

'• Contrary to long established custom of Indian attack, this battle was commenced in the day- 
time, the attending circumstances justifying this departure from the well settled usages of Indian 
warfare. The battle field was a level river bottom, about four miles in length, and two miles 
wide near the middle, narrowing to a point at either end. The main area of this bottom rises 
perhaps twenty feet above the river, leaving a narrow strip of low bottom along the shore, covered 
with trees that belted the prairie on the river side with a thick forest, and the immediate bank of 
the river was fringed with a dense growth of willows. Near the lower end of this prairie, near 
the river bank, was s'tuated the Iowa village. About two miles above it and near the middle of 
the prairie is a mound, covered at the time with a tuft of small trees and underbrush growino- on 
its summit. In the rear of this little elevation or mound lay a belt of wet prairie, covered, at that 
time, with a dense growth of rank, coarse grass. Bordering this wet prairie on the north, the 
country rises abruptly into elevated broken river bluffs, covered with a heavy forest for many 
miles in extent, and in places thickly clustered with undergrowth, affording a convenient shelter 
for the stealthy approach of the foe. 

" Through this forest the Sac and Fox war party made their way in the night and secreted 
themselves in the tall grass spoken of above, intending to remain in ambush during the day and 
make such observations as this near proximity to their intended victim might afford, to aid them 
in their contemplated attack on the town during the following night. From this situation their 
spies could take a full survey of the village, and watch every movement of the inhabitants, by 
which means they were soon convinced that the lowas had no suspicion of their presence. 

"At the foot of themoundabovementioned, the lowas had their race course, where they diverted 
themselves with the excitement of horse racing, and schooled their young warriors in cavalry 
evolutions. In these exercises mock battles were fought, and the Indian tactics of attack and 
defense carefully inculcated, by which meansaskill in horsemanship was acquired rarely excelled. 
Unfortunately for them this day was selected for their equestrian sports, and wholly uncon- 
scious of the proximity of their foes, the warriors repaired to the race ground, leaving most of 
their arms in the village and their old men and women and children unprotected. 

" Pash-a-po-po, who was chief in command of the Sacs and Foxes, perceived at once the 
advantage this state of things afforded for a complete surprise of his now doomed victims, and 
ordered Black Hawk to file off with his young warriors through the tall grass and gain the cover 
of the timber along the river bank, and with the utmost speed reach the village and commence 
the battle, while he remained with his division in the ambush to make a simultaneous as ailt. on 
the unarmed men whose attention was engrossed with the excitement of the races. The plan 
was skillfully laid and most dexterously executed. Black Hawk with his forces reaihed the 
village undiscovered, and made a furious onslaught upon the defenseless inhabi ants, by firino- 
one general volley into their midst, and completing the slaughter with the tomaha\vk an 1 scalp- 
ing knife, aided by the devouring fliames with which they enveloped the village as Sv.OJ as the 
fire brand could be spread from lodge to lodge. 

"On the instant ot the report of firearms at the village, the forces under Pash-i-po-po 
leaped from their couthant position in the grass and sprang tiger-like upon the astonished and 
unarmed lowas in the midst of their r.icing sports. The fir_-t impulse of the latter natuially led 
them to make the utmost speed toward their arms in the village, and protect if possblo their 
wives and ch 1 Iren fi'om the attack of their merciless assaihmts. The distance from the pi :cj of 
attack on the prairie was two miles, and a great number fell in their flight by the liuUeis and 
tomahawks of their enemies, who pressed them closely with a running fire the whole way. and 
the survivors only reached their town in time to witness the horrors of its destriicti m. Their 
whole vilLige was in flames, and the dearest objects of their lives lay in slaught'r d heaps 
amidst the devouring element, anl the agonizing groans of the dying, mingled with ih ■ exti tino- 
shouts of the victorious foe, fille.l their hearts with maddening despair. Their wives an I children 
who had been spared the general massacre were prisoners, ami togeiher with theii- arms were in 
the hands of the victors ; and all that could now be done was to draw off their shaiterel and 
defenseless forces, and save as many lives as possible by a retreat across the Des Moiiie-s River, 
which they effected in the best possible manner, and took a position among the Soap Creek 
Hills." 

The Sacs and Foxes, prior to the settlement of their village on Rock River, 
had a fierce conflict with the Winnebagoes, subdued them and took Dossession 



150 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of their lands. Their village on Rock River, at one time, contained upward of 
sixty lodges, and was among the largest Indian villages on the continent. In 
1825, the Secretary of War estimated the entire number of the Sacs and Foxes 
at 4,600 souls. Their village was situated in the immediate vicinity of the 
upper rapids of the Mississippi, where the beautiful and flourishing towns of 
Rock Island and Davenport are now situated. The beautiful scenery of the 
island, the extensive prairies, dotted over with groves ; the picturesque blufts 
along the river banks, the rich and fertile soil, producing large crops of corn, 
squash and other vegetables, with little labor ; the abundance of wild fruit, 
game, fish, and almost everything calculated to make it a delightful spot for an 
Indian village, which was found there, had made this place a favorite home of 
the Sacs, and secured for it the strong attachment and veneration of the whole 
nation. 

North of the hunting grounds of the Sacs and Foxes, were those of the 
Sioux, a fierce and warlike nation, who ofcen disputed possession with their ^ 
rivals in savage and bloody warfare. The possessions of these tribes were 
mostly located in Minnesota, but extended over a portion of Northern and 
Western Iowa to the Missouri River. Their descent from the north upon the 
hunting grounds of Iowa frequently brought them into collision with the Sacs 
and Foxes ; and after many a conflict and bloody struggle, a boundary line was 
established between them by the Government of the Uniteil States, in a treaty 
held at Prairie du Chien, in 1825. But this, instead of settling the difiiculties, 
caused them to quarrel all the more, in consequence of alleged trespasses upon 
each other's side of the line. These contests were kept up and became so unre- 
lenting that, in 1830, Government bought of the respective tribes of the Sacs 
and Foxes, and the Sioux, a strip of land twenty miles in width, on both sides 
of the line, and thus throwing them forty miles apart by creating between them 
a "neutral ground," commanded them to cease their hostilities. Both the 
Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux, however, were allowed to fish and hunt on this 
ground unmolested, provided they did not interfere with each other on United 
States territory. The Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux were deadly enemies, and 
neither let an opportunity to punish the other pass unimproved. 

In April, 1852, a fight occurred between the Musquaka band of Sacs and 
Foxes and a band of Sioux, about six miles above Algona, in Kossuth County, 
on the west side of the Des Moines River. The Sacs and Foxes were under 
the leadership of Ko-ko-wah, a subordinate chief, and had gone up from their 
home in Tama County, by way of Clear Lake, to what was then the "neutral 
ground." At Clear Lake, Ko-ko-wah was informed that a party of Sioux were 
encamped on the west side of the East Fork of the Des Moines, and he deter- 
mined to attack them. With sixty of his warriors, he started and arrived at a 
point on the east side of the river, about a mile above the Sioux encampment, 
in the night, and concealed themselves in a grove, where they were able to dis- 
cover the position and strength of their hereditary foes. The next morning, 
after many of the Sioux braves had left their camp on hunting tours, the vin- 
dictive Sacs and Foxes crossed the river and suddenly attacked the camp. The 
conflict was desperate for a short time, but the advantage was with the assail- 
ants, and the Sioux were routed. Sixteen of them, including some of their 
women and children, were killed, and a boy 14 years old was captured. One 
of the Musquakas was shot in the breast by a squaw as they were rushing into 
the Sioux's camp. He started to run away, when the same brave squaw shot 
him through the body, at a distance of twenty rods, and he fell dead. Three 
other Sac braves were killed. But few of the Sioux escaped. The victorious 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. ' 151 

4 

party hurriedly buried their own dead, leaving the dead Sioux above ground, 
and made their way home, wiih their captive, with all possible expedition. 

pike's EXPEDITION. 

Very soon after the acquisition of Louisiana, the United States Government 
adopted measures for the exploration of the ncAV territory, having in view the 
conciliation of the numerous tribes of Indians by whom it was possessed, and, 
also, the selection of proper sites for the establishment of military posts and 
trading stations. The Army of the West, Gen, James Wilkinson commanding, 
had its headquarters at St. Louis. From this post. Captains Lewis and Clark, 
with a sufficient force, were detailed to explore the unknoAvn sources of the 
Missouri, and Lieut. Zebulon M. Pike to ascend to the head waters of the Mis- 
sissippi. Lieut. Pike, with one Sergeant, two Corporals and seventeen privates, 
left the military camp, near St. Louis, in a keel-boat, with four months' rations. 
on the 9th day of August, 1805. On the 20th of the same month, the expe- 
dition arrived within the present limits of Iowa, at the foot of the Des Moines 
Rapids, where Pike met William Ewing, who had just been appointed Indian 
Agent at this point, a French interpreter and four chiefs and fifteen Sac and 
Fox warriors. 

At the head of the Rapids, where Montrose is now situated. Pike held a 
council with the Indians, in which he addressed them substantially as follows : 
"Your great Father, the President of the United States, wished to be more 
intimately acquainted with the situation and wants of the different nations of 
red people in our newlv acquired territory of Louisiana, and has ordered the 
General to send a number of his warriors in different directions to take them by 
the hand and make such inquiries as might afford the satisfaction required." 
At the close of the council he presented the red men with some knives, whisky 
and tobacco. 

Pursuing his way up the river, he arrived, on the 23d of August, at what is 
supposed, from his description, to be the site of the present city of Burlington, 
which he selected as the location of a military post. He describes the place as 
being " on a hill, about forty miles above the River de Moyne Rapids, on the 
west side of the river, in latitude about 41° 21' north. The channel of the 
river runs on that shore ; the hill in front is about sixty feet perpendicular ; 
nearly level on top ; four hundred yards in the rear is a small prairie fit for 
gardening, and immediately under the hill is a limestone spring, sufficient for 
the consumption of a whole regiment." In addition to this description, which 
corresponds to Burlington, the spot is laid down on his map at a bend in the 
river, a short distance below tbe mouth of the Henderson, Avhich pours its waters 
into the Mississippi from Illinois. The fort was biult at Fort Madison, but from 
the distance, latitude, description and map furnished by Pike, it could not have 
been the place selected by him, while all the circumstances corroborate the 
opinion that the place he selected was the spot where Burlington is now located, 
called by the early voyagers on the Mississippi, "Flint Hills."' 

On the 24th, with one of his men, he went on shore on a hunting expedition, 
and following a stream which they supposed to be a part of the Mississippi, they 
were led away from their course. Owing to the intense heat and tall grass, his 
two favorite dogs, which he had taken with him, became exhausted and he left 
them on the prairie, supposing that they would follow him as soon as they 
should get rested, and went on to overtake his boat. Reaching the river, he 
waited sometime for his canine friends, but they did not come, and as he deemed 
it inexpedient to detam the boat longer, two of his men volunteered to go in pur- 



152 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

suit of them, and he continued on his way up the river, expecting that the two 
men -woukl soon overtake him. They kist their way, however, and for six days 
were without food, except a few morsels gathered from the stream, and might 
have perished, had they not accidentally met a trader from St. Louis, who in- 
duced two Indians to take them up the river, and they overtook the boat at 
Dubuque. 

At Dubuque, Pike was cordially received by Julien Dubuque, a Fi*enchman, 
who held a mining claim under a grant from Spain. Dubuque had an old field 
piece and fired a salute in honor of the advent of the first Americans who had 
visited that part of the Territory. Dubuque, hoAvever, was not disposed to pub- 
lish the wealth of his mines, and the young and evidently inquisitive officer 
obtained but little information from him. 

After leaving this place, Pike pursued his way up the river, but as he passed 
beyond the limits of the present State of Iowa, a detailed history of his explo- 
rations on the upper waters of the Mississippi more properly belongs to the his- 
tory of another State. 

It is sufficient to say that on the site of Fort Snelling, Minnesota, at the 
mouth of the Minnesota River, Pike held a council with the Sioux, September 
23, and obtained from them a grant of olie hundred thousand acres of land. 
On the 8th of January, 1806, Pike arrived at a trading post belonging to the 
Northwest Company, on Lake De Sable, in latitude 17°. At this time the 
then powerful Northwest Company carried on their immense operations from 
Hudson's Bay to the St. LaAvrence; up that river on both sides, along the great 
lakes to the head of Lake Superior, thence to the sources of the Red River of 
the north and west, to the Rocky jNIountains, embracing Avithin the scope of 
their operations the entire Territory of Iowa. After successfully aeeom]ilishing 
his mis?!ion, and performing a valuable service to Iowa and the whole Northwest, 
Pike returned to St. Louis, arriving there on the 30th of April, 1806. 

IKDIAN WARS. 

The Territory of loAva, although it had been purchased by the United States, 
and Avas ostensibly in the posses:^ion of the Government, Avas still occupied by 
the Indians, Avho claimed title to the soil by right of OAvnership and possession. 
Before it could be open to settlement by the Avhites, it was indispensable that 
the Indian title should be extinguished and the original owners removed. The 
accomplishment of this purpose required the expenditure of large sums of 
money and blood, and for a long series of years the frontier Avas disturbed by 
Indian Avars, terminated repeatedly by treaty, only to be rencAvcd by some act 
of oppression on the part of the whites or some violation of treaty stipulation. 

As previously shown, at the time Avhen the United States assumed the con- 
trol of the country by virtue of the Louisiana purchase, nearly the whole State 
was in possession of the Sacs and Foxes, a powerful and Avarlike nation, Avho 
were not disposed to submit without a struggle to what they considered the 
encroachments of the pale faces. 

Among the most noted chiefs, and one Avhose restlessness and hatred of the 
Americans occasioned more trouble to the Government than any other of his 
tribe, AA'as Black HaAvk, Avho Avas born at the Sac village, on Rock River, in 
1767. He Avas simply the chief of his own band of Sac Avarriors, but by his 
energy and ambition he became the leading spirit of the united nation of Sacs 
and Foxes, and one of the prominent figures in the history of the country from 
1804 until his death. In early manhood he attained some distinction as a 
fighting chief, having led campaigns against the Osages, and other neighboring 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 153 

tribes. About the beginning of the present century he began to appear prom- 
inent in affairs on the Mississippi. Some liistorians have added to the statement 
that " it does not appear that he was ever a great general, or possessed any of 
the qualifications of a successful leader." If this was so, his life was a marvel. 
How any man who had none of the qualifications of a leader became so prom- 
inent as such, as he did, indicates either that he had some ability, or that his 
cotemporaries, both Indian and Anglo-Saxon, had less than he. He is said 
to have been the "victim of a narrow prejudice and bitter ill-will against the 
Americans," but the impartial historian must admit that if he was the enemy 
of theAmericans, it was certainly not without some reason. 

It will be remembered that Spain did not give up possession of the country 
to France on its cession to the latter power, in 1801, but retained possession of 
it, and, by the authority of France, transferred it to the United States, in 1804. 
Black Hawk and his band were in St. Louis at the time, and were invited to be 
present and witness the ceremonies of the transfer, but he refused the invitation, 
and it is but just to say that this refusal was caused probably more from 
regret that the Indians were to be transferred from the jurisdiction of the 
Spanish authorities than from any special hatred toward the Americans. In 
his life he says : " I found many sad and gloomy faces because the United 
States were about to take possession of the town and country. Soon after the 
Americans came, I took my band and went to take leave of our Spanish father. 
The Americans came to see him also. Seeing them approach, we passed out 
of one door as they entered another, and immediately started in our canoes for 
our village, on Rock River, not liking the change any more than our friends 
appeared to at St. Louis. On arriving at our village, we gave the news that 
strange people had arrived at St. Louis, and that we should never see our 
Spanish father again. The information made all our people sorry." 

On the 3d day of November, 1804, a treaty was concluded between William 
Henry Harrison, then Governor of Indiana Territory, on behalf of the L^nited 
States, and five chiefs of the Sac and Fox nation, by which the latter, in con- 
sideration of two thousand two hundred and thirty-four dollars' worth of goods 
then delivered, and a yearly annuity of one thousand dollars to be paid in 
goods at just cost, ceded to the United States all that land on the east side of 
the Mississppi, extending from a point opposite the Jefferson, in Missouri, to 
the Wisconsin River, embracing an area of over fifty-one millions of acres. 

To this treaty Black Hawk always objected and always refused to consider 
it binding upon his people. He asserted that the chiefs or braves who made it 
had no authority to relinquish the title of the nation to any of the lands they 
held or occupied ; and, moreover, that they had been sent to St. Louis on quite 
a different errand, namely, to get one of their people released, who had been 
imprisoned at St. Louis for killing a white man. 

The year following this treaty (1805), Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike came up 
the river for the purpose of holding friendly councils with the Indians and select- 
ing sites for forts within the territory recently acquired from France by the 
United States. Lieutenant Pike seems to have been the first American whom 
Black Hawk ever met or had a personal interview with ; and he was very much 
prepossessed in Pike's fiivor. He gives the following account of his visit to 
Rock Island : 

" A boat came up the river with a young American chief and a small party 
of soldiers. We heard of them soon after they passed Salt River. Some of our 
young braves watched them every day, to see what sort of people he had on 
board. The boat at length arrived at Rock River, and the young chief came on 



154 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

shore with his interpreter, and made a speech and gave us some presents. We 
in turn presented them with meat and such other provisions as we had to spai-e. 
We were well pleased with the young chief. He gave us good advice, and said 
our American father would treat us well." 

The events Avhicli soon followed Pike's expedition were the erection of Fort 
Edwards, at what is now Warsaw, Illinois, and Fort Madison, on the site of the 
present town of that name, the latter being the first fort erected in Iowa. These 
movements occasioned great uneasiness among the Indians. When work was 
commenced on Fort Edwards, a delegation from their nation, headed by some of 
their chiefs, went down to see what the Americans were doing, and had an in- 
terview with the commander; after which they returned home apparently satis- 
fied. In like manner, when Fort Madison was being erected, they sent down 
another delegation from a council of the nation held at Rock River. Accord- 
ing to Black Hawk's account, the American chief told them that he was build- 
ing a house for a trader who Avas coming to sell them goods cheap, and that the 
soldiers were coming to keep him company — a statement Avhich Black Hawk 
says they distrusted at the time, believing that the fort Avas an encroachment 
upon their rights, and designed to aid in getting their lands aAvay from them. 

It has been held by good American authorities, that the erection of Fort 
Madison at the point Avhere it Avas located ioas a violation of the treaty of 1804. 
By the eleventh article of that treaty, the United States hud a right to build a 
fort near the mouth of the Wisconsin River ; by article six they had bound 
themselves "that if any citizen of the United States or any other Avhite persons 
should form a settlement upon their lands, such intruders should fortlnvith be 
removed." Probably the authorities of the United States did not regard the 
establishment of military posts as coming properly within the meaning of the 
term "settlement," as used in the treaty. At all events, they erected Fort 
Madison Avithin the territory reserved to the Indians, Avho became very indig- 
nant. Not long after the fort Avas built, a party led by Black IlaAvk attempted 
its destruction. They sent spies to Avatch the movements of the garrison, Avho 
ascertained that the soldiers Avere in the habit of marching out of the fort every 
morning and evening for parade, and the plan of the party was to conceal them- 
selves near the fort, and attack and surprise them Avhen they Avere outside. On 
the morning of the proposed day of attack, five soldiers came out and Avere fired 
upon hj the Indians, two of them being killed. The Indians Avere too hasty in 
their movement, for the regular drill had not yet commenced. HoAvever, they 
kept up the attack for several days, attempting the old Fox strategy of setting 
fire to the fort Avitli blazing arroAvs ; but finding their efforts unavailing, they 
soon gave up and returned to Rock River. 

AVhen Avar Avas declared betAveen the United States and Great Britain, m 
1812, Black IlaAvk and his band allied themselves Avith the British, partly 
because he Avas dazzled by their specious promises, and more probably because 
they had been deceived by the Americans. Black HaAvk himself declared that 
they were "forced into the Avar by being deceived." He narrates the circum- 
stances as folloAvs: " SeA^eral of the chiefs and head men of the Sacs and 
Foxes were called upon to go to Washington to see their Great Father. On 
their return^ they related Avhat had been said and done. They said the Great 
Father wished them, in the event of a Avar taking place Avith England, not to 
interfere on either side, but to remain neutral. He did not Avant our help, but 
Avished us to hunt and support our families, and live in peace. He said that 
British traders Avould not be permitted to come on the IMississippi to furnish us 
with goods, but that Ave should be supplied Avith an American trader. Our 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. IbS- 

chiefs then told him that the British traders always gave them credit in the 
Fall for guns, powder and goods, to enable us to hunt and clothe our families. 
He repeated that the traders at Fort Madison Avould have plenty of goods ; 
that we should go there in the Fall and he would supply us on credit, as the 
British traders had done." 

Black Hawk seems to have accepted of this proposition, and he and his 
people were very much pleased. Acting in good faith, they fitted out for their 
Winter's hunt, and went to Fort Madison in high spirits to receive from the 
trader their outfit of supplies. But, after waiting some time, they were told by 
the trader that he would not trust them. It was in vain that they pleaded the 
promise of their great father at Washington. The trader was inexorable ; and, 
disappointed and crestfallen, they turned sadly toward their own village. -'Few 
of us," says Black Hawk, "slept that night; all was gloom and discontent. In 
the morning, a canoe was seen ascending the river ; it soon arrived, bearing an 
express, who brought intelligence that a British trader had landed at Rock 
Island with two boats loaded with goods, and requested us to come up imme- 
diately, because he had good news for us, and a variety of presents. The 
express presented us with tobacco, pipes and wampum. The news ran through 
our camp like fire on a prairie. Our lodges were soon taken down, and all 
started for Rock Island. Here ended all hopes of our remaining at peace, 
having been forced into the war by being deceived." 

He joined the British, who flattered him, styled him " Gen. Black Hawk," 
decked him Avith medals, excited his jealousies against the Americans, and 
armed his band ; but he met with defeat and disappointment, and saon aban- 
doned the service and came home. 

With all his skill and courage, Black Hawk was unable to lead all the Sacs 
and Foxes into hostilities to the United States. A portion of them, at the head 
of whom was Keokuk ("the Watchful Fox"), were disposed to abide by the 
treaty of 1804, and to cultivate friendly relations with the American people. 
Therefore, when Black Hawk and his band joined the fortunes of Great 
Britain, the rest of the nation remained neutral, and, for protection, organized, 
with Keokuk for their chief. This divided the nation into the " War and the 
Peace party." 

Black Hawk says he was informed, after he had gone to the war, that the 
nation, which had been reduced to so small a body of fighting men, were unable 
to defend themselves in case the Americans should attack them, and havnig all 
the old men and women and children belonging to the warriors who had joined 
the British on their hands to provide for, a council was held, and it was agreed 
that Quash-qua-me (the Lance) and other chiefs, together with the old men, 
women and children, and such others as chose to accompany them, should go to 
St. Louis and place themselves under the American chief stationed there. 
They accordingly went down, and were received as the "friendly band" of the 
Sacs and Foxes, and were provided for and sent up the Missouri River. On 
Black Hawk's return from the British army, he says Keokuk was introduced 
to him as the war chief of the braves then in the village. He inquired how he 
had become chief, and was informed that their spies had seen a large armed 
force going toward Peoria, and fears were entertained of an attack upon the 
village ; whereupon a council was held, which concluded to leave the village 
and cross over to the west side of the Mississippi. Keokuk had been standing 
at the door of the lodge where the council was held, not being allowed to enter 
on account of never having killed an enemy, where he remained until Wa-co-me 
came out. Keokuk asked permission to speak in the council, which Wa-co-me 



156 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

obtained for him. Keokuk then addressed the chiefs ; he remonstrated against 
the desertion of their village, their own homes and the graves of their fathers, 
and offered to defend the village. The council consented that he should be 
their war chief. He marshaled his braves, sent out spies, and advanced on the 
trail leading to Peoria, but returned without seeing the enemy. The Americans 
did not disturb the village, and all were satisfied with the appointment of 
Keokuk. 

Keokuk, like Black Hawk, was a descendant of the Sac branch of the 
nation, and was born on Rock River, in 1780. He was of a pacific disposition, 
but possessed the elements of true courage, and could fight, when occasion 
required, with a cool judgment and heroic energy. In his first battle, he en- 
countered and killed a Sioux, which placed him in the rank of warriors, and he 
was honored with a public feast by his tribe in commemoration of the event. 

Keokuk has been described as an orator, entitled to rank with the most 
gifted of his race. In person, he was tall and of portly bearing ; in his public 
speeches, he displayed a commanding attitude and graceful gestures ; he spoke 
rapidly, but his enunciation was clear, distinct and forcible ; he culled his fig- 
ures from the stores of nature and based his arguments on skillful logic. Un- 
fortunately for the reputation of Keokuk, as an orator among white people, he 
was never able to obtain an interpreter who could claim even a slight acquaint- 
ance with philosophy. With one exception only, his interpreters were unac- 
quainted with the elements of their mother-tongue. Of this serious hindrance 
to his fame, Keokuk was well aware, and retained Frank Labershure, who had 
received a rudimental education in the French and English languages, until the 
latter broke down by dissipation and died. But during the meridian of his 
career among the white people, he was compelled to submit his speeches for 
translation to uneducated men, whose range of thought fell below the flights of 
a gifted mind, and the fine imagery drawn from nature was beyond their power 
of reproduction. He had sufficient knowledge of the English language to make 
him sensible of this bad rendering of his thoughts, and often a feeling of morti- 
fication at the bungling efforts Avas depicted on his countenance while speaking. 
The proper place to form a correct estimate of his ability as an orator was in 
the Indian council, where he addressed himself exclusively to those who under- 
stood his language, and witness the electrical effect of his eloquence upon his 
audience. 

Keokuk seems to have possessed a more sober judgment, and to have had a 
more intelligent view of the great strength and resources of the United States, 
than his noted and restless cotemporary, Black Hawk. He knew from the first 
that the reckless war which Black Hawk and his band had determined to carry on 
could result in nothing but defeat and disaster, and used every argument against 
it. The large number of warriors whom he had dissuaded from following Black 
Hawk became, however, greatly excited with the war spirit after Stillman's 
defeat, and but for the signal tact displayed by Keokuk on that occasion, would 
have forced him to submit to their Avishes in joining the rest of the warriors in 
the field. A war-dance was held, and Keokuk took part in it, seeming to be 
moved with the current of the rising storm. When the dance was over, he 
called the council to prepare for Avar. He made a speech, in which he admitted 
the justice of their complaints against the Americans. - To seek redress was a 
noble aspiration of their nature. The blood of their brethren had been shed by 
the Avhite man, and the spirits of their braves, slain in battle, called loudly for 
vengeance. "I am your chief," he said, "and it is my duty to lead you to bat- 
tle, if, after fully considering the matter, you are determined to go. But before 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 157 

you decide on taking this important step, it is wise to inquire into the chances of 
success." He then portrayed to them the great power of the United States, 
against whom they would have to contend, that their chance of success was 
utterly hopeless. " But," said he, " if you do determine to go upon the war- 
path, I will agree to lead you, on one condition, viz.: that before Ave go, Ave Avill 
kill all our old men and our Avives and children, to save them from a lingering 
deatli of starvation, and that every one of us determine to leave our homes on 
the other side of the Mississippi." 

This Avas a strong but truthful picture of the prospect before them, and Avas 
presented in such a forcible light as to cool their ardor, and cause them to aban- 
don the rash undertaking. 

But during the Avar of 1832, it is now considered certain that small bands of 
Indians, from the Avest side of the Mississippi, made incursions into the Avhite 
settlements, in the lead mining region, and committed some murders and dep- 
redations. 

When peace Avas declared betAveen the United States and England, Black 
HaAvk was required to make peace Avith the former, and entered into a treaty 
at Portage des Sioux, September 14, 1815, but did not "touch the goose-quill 
to it until May 13, 1816, when he smoked the pipe of peace Avith the great 
white chief," at St. Louis. This treaty was a rencAval of the treaty of 1804, 
but Black HaAvk declared he had been deceived ; that he did not knoAv that by 
signing the treaty he Avas giving aAvay his village. This Aveighed upon his mind, 
already soured by previous disappointment and the irresistible encroachments of 
the Avhites ; and when, a feAV years later, he and his people Avere driven from 
their possessions by the military, he determined to return to the home of his 
fathers. 

It is also to be remarked that, in 1816, by treaty Avith various tribes, the 
United States relinquished to the Indians all the lands lying north of a line 
drawn from the southernmost point of Lake Michigan Avest to the Mississippi, 
except a reservation five leagues square, on the Mississippi River, supposed then 
to be sufficient to include all the mineral lands on and adjacent to Fever River, 
and one league square at the mouth of the Wisconsin River. 

THE BLACK HAAVK AVAR. 

The immediate cause of the Indian outbreak in 1830 was the occupation of 
Black HaAvk's village, on the Rock River, by the Avhites, during the absence of 
tbe chief and his braves on a hunting expedition, on the Avest side of the 
Mississippi. When they returned, they found their AvigAvams occupied by Avhite 
families, and their own women and children Avere shelterless on the banks of 
the river. The Indians Avere indignant, and determined to repossess their village 
at all hazards, and early in the Spring of 1831 recrossed the Mississippi and 
menacingly took possession of their own cornfields and cabins. It may be Avell 
to remark here that it was expressly stipulated in the treaty of 1804, to Avhich 
they attributed all their troubles, that the Indians should not be obliged to 
leave their lands until they were sold by the United States, and it does not 
appear that they occupied any lands other than those OAvned by the Government. 
If this was true, the Indians had good cause for indignation and complaint. 
But the whites, driven out in turn by the returning Indians, became so clamorous 
against Avhat they termed the encroachments of the natives, that Gov. Reynolds, of 
Illinois, ordered Gen Gaines to Rock Island Avith a military force to drive the 
Indians again from their homes to the west side of the Mississippi. Black Hawk 
says he did not intend to be provoked into war by any thing less than the blood of 



158 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

some of his own people ; in other words, that there would be no war unless it should 
be commenced by the pale faces. But it was said and probably thought by the mili- 
tary commanders along the frontier that the Indians intended to unite in a general 
war against the whites, from Rock River to the Mexican borders. But it does not 
appear that the hardy frontiersmen themselves had any feai's, for their experi- 
ence had been that, when well treated, their Indian neighbors were not danger- 
ous. Black Hawk and his band had done no more than to attempt to repossess the 
the old homes of which they had been deprived in their absence. No blood 
had been shed. Black Hawk and his chiefs sent a flag of truce, and a new 
treaty was made, by which Black Hawk and his band agreed to remain forever 
on the Iowa side and never recross the river without the permission of the 
President or the Governor of Illinois. Whether the Indians clearly understood 
the terms of this treaty is uncertain. As was usual, the Indian traders had 
dictated terms on their behalf, and they had received a large amount of pro- 
visions, etc., from the Government, but it may well be doubted whether the 
Indians comprehended that they could never revisit the graves of their fathers 
without violating their treaty. They undoubtedly thought that they had agreed 
never to recross the Mississippi with hostile intent. However this may be, on 
the 6th day of April, 1832, Black Hawk and his entire band, with their women 
and children, again recrossed the Mississippi in plain view of the garrison of 
Fort Armstrong, and went up Rock River. Although this act was construed 
into an act of hostility by the military authorities, who declared that Black 
Hawk intended to recover his village, or the site where it stood, by force ; but 
it does not appear that he made any such attempt, nor did his apearance 
create any special alarm among the settlers. They knew that the Indians never 
went on the war path encumbered with the old men, their women and their 
children. 

The Gfalenian, printed in Galena, of May 2, 1832, says that Black Hawk 
was invited by the Prophet and had taken possession of a tract about forty 
miles up Rock River ; but that he did not remain there long, but commenced 
his march up Rock River. Capt. W. B. Green, who served in Capt. Stephen- 
son's company of mounted rangers, says that " Black Hawk and h^s band 
crossed the river with no hostile intent, but that his band had had bad luck in 
hunting during the previous Winter, were actually in a starving condition, and 
had come over to spend the Summer with a friendly tribe on the head waters of 
the Rock and Illinois Rivers, by invitation from their chief. Other old set- 
tlers, who all agree that Black Hawk had no idea of fighting, say that he came 
back to the west side expecting to negotiate another treaty, and get a new 
supply of provisions. The most reasonable explanation of this movement, which 
resulted so disastrously to Black Hawk and his starving people, is that, during 
the Fall and Winter of 1831-2, his people became deeply indebted to their 
favorite trader at Fort Armstrong (Rock Island). They had not been fortunate 
in hunting, and he was likely to lose heavily, as an Indian debt was outlawed 
in one year. If, therefore, the Indians could be induced to come over, and the 
fears of the military could be sufficiently aroused to pursue them, another treaty 
could be negotiated, and from the payments from the Government the shrewd 
trader could get his pay. Just a week after Black Hawk crossed the river, on 
the l-3th of April, 1832, George Davenport wrote to Gen. Atkinson : " I am 
informed that the British band of Sac Indians are determined to make war on 
the frontier settlements. * * * From every information that I have 
received, I am of the opinion that the intention of the British band of Sac 
Indians is to commit depredations on the inhabitants of the frontier." And 

\ 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 159 

yet, from the 6tli day of April until after Stillman's men commenced war by 
firing on a flag of truce from Black Hawk, no murders nor depredations were 
committed by the British band of Sac Indians. 

It is not the purpose of this sketch to detail the incidents of the Black 
Hawk war of 1832, as it pertains rather to the history of the State of Illinois. 
It is sufficient to say that, after the disgraceful affair at Stillman's Run, Black 
Hawk, concluding that the whites, refusing to treat with him, were determined 
to exterminate his people, determined to return to the Iowa side of the Missis- 
sippi. He could not return by the way he came, for the army was behind him, 
an army, too, that would sternly refuse to recognize the white flag of peace. 
His only course was to make his way northward and reach the Mississippi, if 
possible, before the troops could overtake him, and this he did ; but, before he 
could get his women and children across the Wisconsin, he was overtaken, and a 
battle ensued. Here, again, he sued for peace, and, through his trusty Lieu- 
tenant, "the Prophet," the whites were plainly informed that the starving 
Indians did not wish to fight, but would return to the west side of the Missis- 
sippi, peaceably, if they could be permitted to do so. No attention was paid to 
this second effort to negotiate peace, and, as soon as supplies could be obtained, 
the pursuit was resumed, the flying Indians were overtaken again eight miles 
before they reached the mouth of the Bad Axe, and the slaughter (it should not 
be dignified by the name of battle) commenced.' Here, overcome by starvation 
and the victorious whites, his band was scattered, on the 2d day of August, 
1832. Black Hawk escaped, but was brought into camp at Prairie du Chien 
by three Winnebagoes. He was confined in Jefferson Barracks until the 
Spring of 1833, Avhen he was sent to Washington, arriving there April 22. On 
the 26th of April, they were taken to Fortress Monroe, where they remained 
till the 4th of June, 1833, when orders were given for them to be liberated and 
returned to their own country. By order of the President, he was brought 
back to Iowa through the principal Eastern cities. Crowds flocked to see him 
all along his route, and he was very much flattered by the attentions he 
received. He lived among his people on the Iowa River till that reservation 
was sold, in 1836, when, with the rest of the Sacs and Foxes, he removed to 
the Des Moines Reservation, where he remained till his death, Avhich occurred 
on the 3d of October, 1838. 



INDIAN PURCHASES, RESERVES AND TREATIES, 

At the close of the Black Hawk War, in 1832, a treaty was made at a 
council held on the west bank of the Mississippi, where now stands the thriving 
city of Davenport, on grounds now occupied by the Chicago, Rock Island & 
Pacific Railroad Company, on the 21st day of September, 1832. At this 
council, the United States were represented by Gen. Wmfield Scott and Gov. 
Reynolds, of Illinois. Keokuk, Pash-a-pa-ho and some thirty other chiefs and 
warriors of the Sac and Fox nation were present. By this treaty, the Sacs and 
Foxes ceded to the United States a strip of land on the eastern border of Iowa 
fifty miles wide, from the northern boundary of Missouri to the mouth of the 
Upper Iowa River, containing about six million acres. The western line of the 
purchase was parallel with the Mississippi. In consideration of this cession, 
the United States Government stipulated to pay annually to the confederated 
tribes, for thirty consecutive years, twenty thousand dollars in specie, and to 
pay the debts of the Indians at Rock Island, which had been accumulating for 



IGO ' HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

sevoutoon years and aniountod to fifty thousami dollars, due to Davenport & 
Farnhaui, Indian traders. The Giovernnient also generously donated to the 
Sao and Fox Avonien and children whose husbands and ftithers had fallen in the 
Black ILnvk war, thirty-live beef cattle, twelve bushels of salt, thirty barrels of 
pork, fifty barrels of flour and six thousand bushels of corn. 

This territory is known as the "-Black Hawk Purchase." Although it Avas 
not the first portion of Iowa ceded to the United States by the Sacs and Foxes, 
it was the first opened to actual settlement by the tide of emigration that flowed 
across the Mississippi as soon as the Indian title was extinguished. The treaty 
was ratified February 13, 1S33, and took efiect on the 1st of June following, 
when the Indians quietly removed from the ceded territory, and this fertile and 
beautiful region was opened to white settlers. 

By the terms of the treaty, out of the Black Hawk Purchase was reserved for 
the Sacs and Foxes 400 scpiare miles of land situated on the Iowa Kiver, and in- 
Icuding within its limits Keokuk's village, on the right bank of that river. This 
tract was known as '" Keokuk's Reserve, ' and was occupied by the Indians until 
1836, when, by a treaty made in September between them and Gov. Dodge, of 
Wisconsin Territory, it was ceded to the United States. The council Avas held 
on the banks of the jNIississippi, above Davenport, and was the largest assem- 
blage of the kind ever held by the Sacs and Foxes to treat for the sale of lands. 
About one thousand of their chiefs and braves Avere present, and Keokuk Avas 
their leading spirit and principal speaker on the occasion. By the terms of the 
treatAs the Sacs and Foxes Avere removed to another reservation on the Des 
Moines RiA-er, AA"here an agency Avas established for them at Avhat is noAv the 
toAvn of Agency City. 

Besides the Keokuk Reserve, the Government gave out of the Black IlaAvk 
Purchase to Autoine Le Claire, interpreter, in fee simple, one section of land 
opposite Rock Island, and another at the head of the first rapids above the 
island, on the loAva side. This Avas the first land title granted by the United 
States to an individual in loAva. 

Soon after the removal of the Sacs and Foxes to their new reservation 
on the Des Moines River, Gen. Joseph M. Street Avas transferred from the 
agency of the AVinnebagoes, at Prairie du Chien. to establish an agency 
among them. A farm Avas selected, on Avhich the necessary buildings Avere 
erected, includiuir a comfortable farm h nise for the aii'ent and his family, at 
the expense of the Indian Fund. A salaried agent Avas employed to superin- 
tend the farm and dispose of the crops. Tavo mills Avere erected, one on Soap 
Creek and the other on Sugar Creek. The latter Avas soon SAvept aAvay by a 
flood, but the former remained and did good service for many years. Connected 
Avith the agency Avere Joseph Smart and John Goodell, interpreters. The 
latter Avas interpreter for Hard Fish's band. Three of the Indian chiefs, Keo- 
kuk, "Wapello and Appanoose, had each a large field improved, the tAvo former 
on the right bank of the Des INIoines, back from the river, in Avhat is noAV 
'• Keokuk's Prairie," and the latter on the present site of the city of Ottumwa. 
Among the traders connected Avith the agency were the INIessrs. E\ving, from 
Ohio, and Phelps & Co., from Illinois, and also Mr. J. P. Eddy, Avho estab- 
lished his post at Avliat is now the site of Eddyville. 

The Indians at this agency became idle and listless in the absence of their 
natural and Avonted excitements, and many of them plunged into dissipation. 
Keokuk himself became dissipated in the latter years of his life, and it has 
boon reported that he died of delin'td}! trcnwiis after his removal Avith his 
tribe to Kansas. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 101 

In May, 1843, most of tlie Iiulians were removed up the Des Moines River, 
above the teniporarj line of lied Rock, having ceded the remnant of their 
lands in Iowa to the United States on the 21st of September, 1837, and on the 
11th of October, 1842. By the terms of the latter treaty, they held possession 
of the " New Purchase " till tlie Autumn of 1845, when the most of them 
were removed to their reservation in Kansas, the balance being removed in the 
Spring of 184G. 

1. Treat]/ with the Sioux — Made July 19, 1 SI. "j ; ratified December Id, 181'). This treaty 
was made at Portage des Sioux, between the Sioux of Minnesota and Upper Iowa and the United 
States, by William Clark and Ninian Edwards, (lommissioners, and was merely a treaty of peace 
and friendship on the part of those Indians toward the United States at the close of the war of 
1812. 

2. Treaty with the Sacs.— A similar treaty of peace was made at Portage des Sioux, between 
the United States and the Sacs, by William Clark, Ninian Edwnrds and Augustc Choteau, on the 
loth of September, 181;'), and ratified at the same date as the above. In this, the treaty of 1804 
was re-aflirmed, and the Sacs hero represented promised for themselves and their bands to keep 
entirely separate from the Sacs of Uock llivcr, who, under Black Hawk, had joined the British 
in the war just then closed. 

3. Treaty ivith the Foxes. — A separate treaty of peace was made with the Foxes at Portage 
des Sioux, by the same Commissioners, on the Mth of September, 1815, and ratified the same as 
the above, wherein the Foxes re-affirmed the treaty of St. Louis, of November u, 1804, and 
agreed to deliver up all their prisoners to the oflicer in command at Fort Clark, now Peona, 
Illinois. 

4. Treafij with the loioas. — A treaty of peace and mutual good will was made between the 
United States and the Iowa tribe of Indians, at Portage des Sioux, by the same Commissioners 
as above, on the IGth of September, 1815, at the close of the war with Great Britain, and ratified 
at the same date as the others. 

5. Treat)/ with the Sacs of Rock River— Made at St. Louis on the 13th of May, 181G, between 
the United States and the Sacs of Uock River, by the Commissioners, William Clark, Ninian 
Edwards and Auguste Choteau, and ratified December 30, 181G. In this treaty, that of 1804 
was reestablished and confirmed by twenty-two chiefs and head men of the Sacj of Rock River, 
and Black Hawk himself attached to it his signature, or, as he said, " touched the goose quill." 

G. Treat!/ of 1S24 —On the 4th of August, 1824, a treaty was made between the United 
States and tlie Sacs and Foxes, in the city of Washington, by William Clark, Commissioner, 
wherein the Sao and Fox nation relinquished their title to all lands in Missouri and that portion 
of the southeast corner of Iowa known as the " Half-Breed Tract" was set ofl:' and reserved for 
the use of the half-breeds of the Sacs and Foxes, they holding title in the same manner as In- 
dians. Ratified January 18, 1825. 

7. Treati/ of August 19, lS25.—ki this date a treaty was made by William Clark and Lewis 
Cass, at Prairie du Chien, between the United States and the Chippewas, Sacs and Foxes, Me- 
nomonees, Winnebagoes and a portion of the Ottawas and Pottawatomies. In this treaty, in 
order to make peace between the contending tribes as to the limits of their respective hunting 
grounds in Iowa,, it was agreed that the United States Government should run a boundary line 
between the Sioux, on the north, and the Sacs and Foxes, on the south, as follows : 

Commencing at the mouth of the Upper Iowa River, on the west bank of the Mississippi, 
and ascending said Iowa Iliver to its west fork ; thence up the fork to its source ; thence cross- 
in"- the fork of Red Cedar River in a direct line to the second or upper fork of the Des Moines 
River ; thence in a direct line to the lower fork of the Calumet River, and down that river to its 
junction with the Missouri River. „ , ^ 

8. Treaty of lS30.—On the 15th of July, 1830, the confederate tribes of the Sacs and Foxes 
ceded to the United States a strip of country lying south of the above line, twenty miles in width, 
and extending along the line aforesaid from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. The Sioux 
also, 
like sti 
treaty, 

ing along . - - , • , /. ^ i- 

territory was known as the "Neutral Ground," and the tribes on either side of the line wore 
allowed to fish and hunt on it unmolested till it was made a Winnebago reservation, and the 
Winnebagoes were removed to it in 1841. _ „ , , , ^ 

U Treat!/ tvnh tht^. Sacs and F<:fcs and other Tribes.— \t the same time of the above treaty re- 
specting the "Neutral Ground" (July 15, 1830), the Sacs and Foxes, Western Sioux, Omahas, 
lowas and Missouris ceded to the United States a portion of the western slope of Iowa, the boun- 
daries of which were defined as follows: Beginning at the upper fork of the Des Moines River, 
and passing the sources of the Little Sioux and Floyd Rivers, to the fork of the first creek that 
falls into the Bi^r Sioux, or Calumet, on the east side ; thence down said creek and the Calumet 




162 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

River to the Missouri River; tlience down said Missouri River to the Missouri State line above 
the Kansas ; thence along said line to the northwest corner of said State ; thence to the high lands 
between the waters falling into the Missouri and Des Moines, passing to said high lands alono- 
the dividing ridge between the forks of the Grand River : thence along said highlands or rido-e 
separating the waters of the Missouri from those of the Des Moines, to a point opposite the source 
of the Bover River, and thence in a direct line to the upper fork of the Des Moines, the place of 
beginning. 

It was understood that the lands ceded and relinquished by this treaty were to be assio^ned 
and allotted, under the direction of the President of the United States, to the tribes then living 
thereon, or to such other tribes as the Tresident might locate thereon for hunting and other pui° 
poses. In consideration of three tracts of land ceded in this treaty, the UnitedStates agreed to 
pay to the Sacs three thousand dollars ; to the Foxes, three thousand dollars ; to the° Sioux, 
two thousand dollars; to the Yankton and Santie bauds of Sioux, three thousand dollars; to the 
Omahas, two thousand five hundred dollars; and to the Ottoes and Missouris, two thousand five 
hundred dollars— to be paid annually for ten successive years. In addition to these anmiities, 
the Government agreed to furnish some of the tribes with blacksmiths and agricultural imple- 
ments to the amount of two hundred dollars, at the expense of the United States, and to set apart 
three thousand dollars annually for the education of the children of these tribes. It does not 
appear that any fort was erected in this territory prior to the erection of Fort Atkinson on the 
Neutral Groitnd, in 1840-41. 

This treaty was made by AVilliam Clark, Superintendent of Indian aifairs, and Col. Willoushby 
Morgan, of the United States First Infantry, and came into eflect bv proclamation, February 
24. 1831. 

10. Treat!/ tcith the Winnebagoes. — Made at Fort Armstrong, Rock Island, September 15, 1832, 
by Gen. Winfield Scott and Hon. John Reynolds, Governor of Illinois. In this treaty the Win- 
nebagoes ceded to the United States all their land lying on the east side of the Mississippi, and 
in part consideration therefor the United States granted to the AVinnebagoes. to be held as other 
Indian lands are held, that portion of Iowa known as the Neutral Ground. The exchange of the 
two tracts of country was to take place on or before the 1st day of June, 1833. In addition to 
the Neutral Ground, it was stiptilared that the United States should give the Winnebagoes, begin- 
ning in September, 1833. and continuing for twenty-seven successive years, ten thousand dollars 
in specie, and establish a school among them, with a farm and garden, and provide other facili- 
ties for the education of their children, not to exceed in cost three thousand dollars a year, and 
to continue the same for twenty-seven sticcessive years. Six agriculturists, twelve yoke of oxen 
and plows and other farming tools were to be supplied by the Government. 

11. Treat)/ of ISSJ u-ith the Sacs and Foxes. — Already mentioned as the Black Hawk purchase. 

12. Treat!/ of 1SS6, with the Sacs and Foxes, ceding Keokuk's Reserve to the United States; 
for which the Government stipulated to pay thirty thousand dollars, and an annuity of ten thou- 
sand dollars for ten successive years, together with other sums and debts of the Indians to 
vtvrious parties. 

13. Treat!/ of 1SS7.— On the 21st of October. 1837, a treaty was made at the city of ^Vash- 
ington, between Carey A. Harris, Commissioner of Indian Afiairs, and the confederate tribes of 
Sacs and Foxes, ratified February 21, 1838. wherein another slice of the soil of Iowa was obtained, 
described in the treaty as follows: "A tract of country containing 1,2-30,000 acres, lying west 
and adjoining the tract conveyed by them to the United States in the treaty of September 21, 
1832. It is understood that the points of termination for the present cession shall be the north- 
ern and southern points of said tract as fixed by the survey made tinder the authority of the 
United States, and that a line shall be drawn between them so as to intersect a line extended 
westwardly from the angle of said tract nearly opposite to Rock Island, as laid down in the above 
survey, so far as may be necessary to include the number of acres hereby ceded, which last 
mentioned line, it is estimated, will be about twenty-tive miles." 

This piece of land was twenty-five miles wide in the middle, and ran off to a point at both 
ends, lying directly back of the Black Hawk Purchase, and of the same length. 

14. Treat!/ of Relinquishment. — At the same date as the above treaty, in the city of Washing- 
ton, Carey A. Harris, Commissioner, the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States all their 
right and interest in the country lying south of the boundary line between the Sacs and Foxes 
and Sioux, as described in the treaty of August 19, 1825. and between the Mississippi and Mis- 
souri Rivers, the United States paying for the same one hundred and sixty thousand dollars. 
The Indians also gave up all claims and interests under the treaties previously made with them, 
for the satisfaction of which no appropriations had been made. 

15. Treat)/ of 1S4'^. — The last treaty was made with the Sacs and Foxes October 11, 1842 ; 
ratified March 23. 1843. It was made at the Sac and Fox agency (Agency City), by John 
Chambers, Commissioner on behalf of the United States. In this treaty the Sac and Fox Indians 
" ceded to the United States all their lands west of the Mississippi to which they had any claim 
or title." By the terms rf this treaty they were to be removed from the country at the expira- 
tion of three years, and all who remained after that were to move at their own expense. Part 
of them were removed to Kansas in the Fall of 1845, and the rest the Spring following. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 163 



SPANISH GRANTS. 

While the territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was under Spanish 
rule as a part of its province of Louisiana, certain claims to and grants of land 
were made by the Spanish authorities, with which, in addition to the extinguishment 
of Indian titles, the United States had to deal. It is proper that these should 
be briefly reviewed. 

Dubuque. — On the 22d day of September, 1788, Julien Dubuque, a French- 
man, from Prairie du Chien, obtained from the Foxes a cession or lease of hxnds 
on the INIississippi River for mining purposes, on the site of the present city of 
Dubuque. Lead had been discovered here eight years before, in 1780, by the 
wife of Peosta Fox, a warrior, and Dubuque's claim embraced nearly all the lead 
bearing lands in that vicinity. He immediately took possession of his claim and 
commenced mining, at the same time making a settlement. The place became 
known as the "Spanish Miners," or, more commonly, "Dubuque's Lead 
Mines." 

In 1796, Dubuque filed a petition with Baron de Carondelet, the Spanish 
Governor of Louisiana, asking that the tract ceded to him by the Indians might 
be granted to him by patent from the Spanish Government. In this petition, 
Dubuque rather indefinitely set forth the boundaries of this claim as "about 
seven leagues along the Mississippi River, and three leagues in width from the 
river," intending to include, as is supposed, the river front between the Little 
Maquoketa and the Tete des Mertz Rivers, embracing more than twenty thou- 
sand acres. Carondelet granted the prayer of the petition, and the grant was 
subsequently confirmed by the Board of Land Commissioners of Louisiana. 

In October, 1804, Dubuque transferred the larger part of his claim to 
Auguste Choteau, of St. Louis, and on the 17th of May, 1805, he and Choteau 
jointly filed their claims with the Board of Commissioners. On the 20th of 
September, 1806, the Board decided in their favor, pronouncing the claim to be 
a regular Spanish grant, made and completed prior to the 1st day of October, 
1800, only one member, J. B. C. Lucas, dissenting. 

Dubuque died March 24, 1810. The Indians, understanding that the claim 
of Dubuque under their former act of cession was only a permit to occupy the 
tract and work the mines during his life, and that at his death they reverted to 
them, took possession and continued mining operations, and were sustained by 
the military authority of the L^nited States, notwithstanding the decision of the 
Commissioners. When the Black Hawk purchase was consummated, the Du- 
buque claim thus held by the Indians was absorbed by the L^nited States, as the 
Sacs and Foxes made no reservation of it in the treaty of 1832. 

The heirs of Choteau, however, were not disposed to relinquish then' claim 
without a struggle. Late in 1832, they employed an agent to look after their 
interests, and authorized him to lease the right to dig lead on the lands. The 
miners who commenced work under this agent were compelled by the military to 
abandon their operations, and one of the claimants Avent to Galena to institute 
legal proceedings, but found no court of competent jurisdiction, although he did 
bring an action for the recovery of a quantity of lead dug at Dubuque, for the 
purpose of testing the title. Being unable to identify the lead, however, he was 
non-suited. 

By act of Congress, approved July 2, 1836, the town of Dubuque was sur- 
veyed and platted. After lots had been sold and occupied by the purchasers, 
Henry Choteau brought an action of ejectment against Patrick Malony, who 



164 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

held land in Dubuque under a patent from the United States, for the recovery 
of seven^undivided eighth parts of the Dubuque claim, as purchased by Auguste 
Choteau in 1804. The case was tried in the District Court of the United States 
for the District of Iowa, and was decided adversely to the plaintiff. The case was 
carried to the Supreme Court of the United States on a writ of error, when it 
was heard at the December term, 1853, and the decision of the lower court was 
affirmed, the court holding that the permit from Carondolet was merely a lease 
or permit to work the mines ; that Dubuque asked, and the Governor of Louisiana 
granted, nothing more than the " peaceable possession " of certain lands obtained 
from the Indians ; that Carondelet had no legal authority to make snch a grant 
as claimed, and that, even if he had, this was but an " inchoate and imperfect 
title." 

Criard. — In 1795, the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Louisiana granted to 
Basil Giai'd five thousand eight hundred and sixty acres of land, in what is now 
Clayton County, known as the " Giarcl Tract." He occupied the land during 
the time that Iowa passed from Spain to France, and from France to the United 
States, in consideration of which the Federal Government granted a patent of 
the same to Giard in his own right. His heirs sold the whole tract to James H. 
Lockwood and Thomas P. Burnett, of Prairie du Chien, for three hundred dollars. 

Sonori. — March 30, 1799, Zenon Trudeau, Acting Lieutenant Governor of 
Upper Louisiana, granted to Louis Honori a tract of land on the site of the 
present town of Montrose, as follows : " It is permitted to Mr. Louis (Fresson) 
Henori, or Louis Honore Fesson, to establish himself at the head of the rapids 
of the River Des Moines, and his establishment once formed, notice of it shall be 
given to the Governor General, in order to obtain for him a commission of a space 
sufficient to give value to such establishment, and at the same time to render it 
useful to the commerce of the peltries of this country, to watch the Indians and 
keep them in the fidelity which they OAve to His Majesty." 

Honori took immediate possession of his claim, which he retained until 1805. 
While trading with the natives, he became indebted to Joseph Robedoux, who 
obtained an execution on Avhich the property was sold May 13, 1803, and was 
purchased by the creditor. In these proceedings the property was described as 
being " about six leagues above the River Des Moines." Robedoux died soon 
after he purchased the proprerty. Auguste Choteau, his executor, disposed of 
the Honori tract to Thomas F. Reddeck, in April, 1805, up to which time 
Honori continued to occupy it. The grant, as made by the Spanish government, 
was a league square, but only one mile square was confirmed by the Uuited 
States. After the half-breeds sold their lands, in which the Honori grant was 
included, various claimants resorted to litigation in attempts to invalidate the 
title of the Reddeck heirs, but it was finally confirmed by a decision of the 
Supreme Court of the United States in 1839, and is the oldest legal title to any 
land in the State of Iowa. 

THE HALF-BREED TRACT. 

Before any permanent settlement had been made in the Territory of Iowa, 
white adventurers, trappers and traders, many of whom were scattered along 
the Mississippi and its tributaries, as agents and employes of the American Fur 
Company, intermarried with the females of the Sac and Fox Indians, producing 
a race of half-breeds, whose number was never definitely ascertamed. There 
were some respectable and excellent people among them, children of men of 
some refinement and education. For instance : Dr. Muir, a gentleman educated 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 165 

at Edinburgh, Scotland, a surgeon in the United States Army, stationed at a 
military post located on the present site of Warsaw, married an Indian woman, 
and reared his family of three daughters in the city of Keokuk. Other exam- 
ples might be cited, but they are probably exceptions to the general rule, and 
the race is now nearly or quite extinct in Iowa. 

A treaty Avas made at Washington, August 4, 1824, between the Sacs and 
Foxes and the United States, by which that portion of Lee County was reserved 
to the half-breeds of those tribes, and which was after >vard known as " The 
Half-Breed Tract." This reservation is the triangular piece of land, containing 
about 119,000 acres, lying between the Mississippi andDes Moines Rivers. It is 
bounded on the north by the prolongation of the northern line of Missouri. 
This line Avas intended to be a straight one, running due east, which would have 
caused it to strike the Mississippi River at or below Montrose ; but the surveyor who 
run it took no notice of the change in the variation of the needle as he proceeded 
eastward, and, in consequence, the line he run was bent, deviating more and more 
to the northward of a direct line as he approached the Mississippi, so that it 
struck that river at the lower edge of the town of Fort Madison. " This errone- 
ous line," says Judge Mason, "has been acquiesced in as well in fixing the 
northern limit of the Half-Breed Tract as in determining the northern boundary 
line of the State of Missouri." The line thus run included in the reservation 
a portion of the lower part of the city of Fort Madison, and all of the present 
townships of Van Buren, Charleston, Jefierson, Des Moines, Montrose and 
Jackson - 

Under the treaty of 1824, the half-breeds had the right to occupy the soil, 
but could not convey it, the reversion being reserved to the United States. But 
on the 30th day of January, 1834, by act of Congress, this reversionary right 
was relinquished, and the half-breeds acquired the lands in fee simple. This 
,was no sooner done, than a horde of speculators rushed in to buy land of the 
half-breed owners, and, in many instances, a gun, a blanket, a pony or a few 
quarts of whisky was sufiicient for the purchase of large estates. There was 
a deal of sharp practice on both sides ; Indians Avould often claim ownership of 
land by virtue of being half-breeds, and had no difficulty in proving their mixed 
blood by the Indians, and they Avould then cheat the speculators by selling land 
to which they had no rightful title. On the other hand, speculators often 
claimed land in which they had no ownership. It was diamond cut diamond, 
until at last things became badly mixed. There were no authorized surveys, 
and no boundary lines to claims, and, as a natural result, numerous conflicts and 
quarrels ensued. 

To settle these difficulties, to decide the validity of claims or sell them for 
the benefit of the real owners, by act of the Legislature of Wisconsin Territory, 
approved January 16, 1838, Edward Johnstone, Thomas S. Wilson and David 
Brigham were appointed Commissioners, and clothed with power to effect these 
objects. The act provided that these Commissioners should be paid six dollars 
a day each. The commission entered upon its duties and continued until the 
next session of the Legislature, when the act creating it was repealed, invalidat- 
ing all that had been done and depriving the Commissioners of their pay. The 
repealing act, however, authorized the Commissioners to commence action against 
the owners of the Half-Breed Tract, to receive pay for their services, in the Dis- 
trict Court of Lee County. Two judgments were obtained, and on execution 
the whole of the tract Avas sold to Hugh T. Rcid, the Sheriff executing the 
deed. Mr. Reid sold portions of it to various parties, but his OAvn title Avas 
questioned and he became involved in litigation. Decisions in favor of Reid 



166 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and those holding under him were made by both District and Supreme Courts, 
but in December, 1850, these decisions were finally reversed by the Supreme 
Court of the United States in the case of Joseph Webster, plaintiff in error, vs. 
Hugh T. Reid, and the judgment titles failed. About nine years before the 
"judgment titles " were finally abrogated as above, another class of titles were 
brought into competition with them, and in the conflict between the two, the 
final decision was obtained. These were the titles based on the " decree of 
partition " issued by the United States District Court for the Territory of Iowa, 
on the 8th of May, 1841, and certified to by the Clerk on the 2d day of June of 
that year. Edward Johnstone and Hugh T. Reid, then law partners at Fort 
Madison, filed the petition for the decree in behalf of the St. Louis claimants of 
half-breed lands. "Francis S. Key, author of the Star Spangled Banner, who 
was then attorney for the New York Land Company, which held heavy interests 
in these lands, took a leading part in the measure, and drew up the document in 
which it was presented to the court. Judge Charles Mason, of Burlington, pre- 
sided. The plan of partition divided the tract into one hundred and one shares 
and arranged that each claimant should draw his proportion by lot, and should 
abide the result, whatever it might be. The arrangement was entered into, the 
lots drawn, and the plat of the same filed in the Recorder's office, October 6, 
1841. Upon this basis the titles to land in the Half-Breed Tract are now held. 



EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 

The first permanent settlement by the whites within the limits of Iowa was 
made by Julien Dubuque, in 1788, when, with a small party of miners, he set- 
tled on the site of the city that now bears his name, where he lived until his 
death, in 1810. Louis Honori settled on the site of the present town of Mon- 
trose, probably in 1799, and resided there until 1805, when his property passed 
into other hands. Of the Giard settlement, opposite Prairie du Chien, little is 
known, except that it was occupied by some parties prior to the commencement 
of the present century, and contained three cabins in 1805. Indian traders, 
although not strictly to be considered settlers, had established themselves at 
various points at an early date. A Mr. Johnson, agent of the American Fur 
Company, had a trading post below Burlington, where he carried on traffic with 
the Indians some time before the United States possessed the country. In 
1820, Le Moliese, a French trader, had a station at what is now Sandusky, six 
miles above Keokuk, in Lee County. In 1829, Dr. Isaac Gallaud made a set- 
tlement on the Lower Rapids, at what is now Nashville. 

The first settlement in Lee County was made in 1820, by Dr. Samuel C. 
Muir, a surgeon in the United States army, who had been stationed at Fort 
Edv/ards, now Warsaw, 111., and who built a cabin where the city of Keokuk 
now stands. Dr. Muir was a man of strict integrity and irreproachable char- 
acter. While stationed at a military post on the Upper Mississippi, he had 
married an Indian woman of the Fox nation. Of his marriage, the following 
romantic account is given : 

The post at which he was stationed was yisitod by a beautiful Indian maiden — whose native 
name, unfortunately, has not been preserved — who, in her dreams, had seen a white brave un- 
moor his canoe, paddle it across the river and come directly to her lodge. She felt assured, 
according to the superstitious belief of her race, that, in her dreams, she had seen her future 
husband, and had come to the fort to iind him. Meeting Dr. Muir, she instantly recognized 
him as the hei'O of her dream, which, with childlike innocence and simplicity, she related lo 
him. Her dream was, indeed, prophetic. Charmed with Sophia's beauty, innocence and devo- 
tion, the doctor honorably married her; but after a while, the sneers and gibes of his brother 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 167 

officers — less honorable than he, perhaps— made him feel ashamed of his dark-skinned wife, and 
when his regiment was ordered down the river, to Bellefontaine, it is said he embraced the 
opportunity to rid himself of her, and left her, never expecting to see her again, and little 
dreaming thai, she would have the courage to follow him. But, with her infant child, this in- 
trepid wife and mother started alone in her canoe, and, after many days of weary labor and a 
lonely journey of nine hundred miles, she, at last, reached him. She afterward remarked, when 
speaking of this toilsome journey down the river in search of her husband, " When I got there 
I was all perished away — so thin ! " The doctor, touched by .such unexampled devotion, took her 
to liis heart, and ever after, until his death, treated her with marked respect. She always pre- 
sided at bistable with grace and dignity, but never abandoned her native style of dress. In 
1819-20, he was stationed at Fort Edward, but the senseless ridicule of some of his brother 
ofBcers on account of his Indian wife induced him to resign his commission. 

After building his cabin, as above stated, he leased his claim for a term of years to Otis 
Reynolds and John Culver, of St. Louis, and went to La Pointe, afterward Galena, where he 
practiced his profession for ten years, when he returned to Keokuk. His Indian wife bore to 
him four children — Louise (married at Keokuk, since dead), James, (drowned at Keokuk), Mary 
and Sophia. Dr. Muir died suddenly of cholera, in 1832, but left his property m such condition 
that it was soon wasted in vexatious litigation, and his brave and faithful wife, left friendless and 
penniless, became discouraged, and, with her children, disappeared, and, it is said, returned to 
her people on the Upper Missouri. 

Messrs. Reynolds & Culver, who had leased Dr. Muir's claim at Keokuk, 
subsequently employed as their agent Mr. Moses Stillwell, Avho arrived with 
his family in 1828, and took possession of Muir's cabin. His brothers-in-law, 
Amos and Valencourt Van Ansdal, came with him and settled near. 

His daughter, Margaret Stillwell (afterward Mrs. Ford) was born in 1831, 
at the foot of the rapids, called by the Indians Puch-a-she-tuck, where Keokuk 
now stands. She was probably the first white American child born in Iowa. 

In 1831, Mr. Johnson, Agent of the American Fur Company, who had a 
station at the foot of the rapids, removed to another location, and, Dr. Muir 
having returned from Galena, he and Isaac R. Campbell took the place and 
buildings vacated by the Company and carried on trade with the Indians and 
half-breeds. Campbell, who had first visited and traveled through the southern 
part of Iowa, in 1821, was an enterprising settler, and besides trading with the 
natives carried on a farm and kept a tavern. 

Dr. Muir died of cholera in 1832. 

In 1830, James L. and Lucius H. Langworthy, brothers and natives of 
Verrtiont, visited the Territory for the purpose of working the lead mines at Du- 
buque. They had been engaged in lead mining at Galena, Illinois, the former 
from as early as 1824. The lead mines in the Dubuque region were an object 
of great interest to the miners about Galena, for they Avere known to be rich in 
lead ore. To explore these mines and to obtain permission to work them was 
therefore eminently desirable. 

In 1829, James L. Langworthy resolved to visit the Dubuque mines. Cross- 
ing the Mississippi at a point now known as Dunleith, in a canoe, and swim- 
ming his horse by his side, he landed on the spot now knoAvn as Jones Street 
Levee. Before him spread out a beautiful prairie, on which the city of Du- 
buque now stands. Two miles south, at the mouth of Catfish Creek, was a vil- 
lage of Sacs and Foxes. Thither Mr. Langworthy proceeded, and was well re- 
ceived by the natives. He endeavored to obtain permission from them to mine 
in their hills, but this they refused. He, however, succeeded in gaining the con- 
fidence of the chief to such an extent as to be allowed to travel in the interior 
for three weeks and explore the country. He employed two young Indians as 
guides, and traversed in diiforent directions the whole region lying between the 
Maquoketa and Turkey Rivers. He returned to the village, secured the good 
will of the Indians, and, returning to Galena, formed plans for future opera- 
tions, to be executed as soon as circumstances would permit. 



168 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

In 1830, with his brother, Lucius H., and others, having obtained the con- 
sent of the Indians, Mr. Langworthy crossed the Mississippi and commenced 
mining in the vicinity around Dubuque. 

At this time, the lands were not in the actual possession of the United States. 
Although they had been purchased from France, the Indian title had not been 
extinguished, and these adventurous persons were beyond the limits of any State 
or Territorial government. The first settlers were therefore obliged to be their 
own law-makers, and to agree to such regulations as the exigencies of the case 
demanded. The first act resembling civil legislation within the limits of the 
present State of Iowa was done by the miners at this point, in June, 1830. They 
met on the bank of the river, by the side of an old cottonwood drift log, at 
what is now the Jones Street Levee, Dubuque, and elected a Committee, con- 
sisting of J. L. Langworthy, H. F. Lander, James McPhetres, Samuel Scales, 
and E. M. Wren. This may be called the first Legislature in Iowa, the mem- 
bers of which gathered around that old cottonwood log, and agreed to and re- 
ported the following, written by Mr. Langworthy, on a half sheet of coarse, un- 
ruled paper, the old log being the writing desk : 

We, a Comniiltee having been chosen to draft certain rules and regulations (laws) by 
which we as miners will be governed, and having duly considered the subject, do unanimously 
agree that we will be governed by the regulations on the east side of the Mississippi River,* with 
the following exceptions, to wit : 

Afticl-r I. That each and every man shall hold 200 yards square of ground by working 
said ground one day in six. 

Articlf- If. AVe further agree that there shall be chosen, by the majority of the miners 
present, a person who shall hold this article, and who shall grant letters of arbitration on appli- 
cation having been made, and that said letters of arbitration shall be obligatory on the parties so 
applying. 

The report was accepted by the miners present, who elected Dr. Jarote, in 
accordance with Article 2. Here, then, we have, in 1830, a primitive Legisla- 
ture elected by the people, the law drafted by it being submitted to the people 
for approval, and under it Dr. Jarote was elected first Governor within the 
limits of the present State of Iowa. And it is to be said that the laws thus 
enacted were as promptly obeyed, and the acts of the executive officer thus 
elected as duly respected, as any have been since. 

The miners who had thus erected an independent government of their own 
on the west side of the Mississippi River continued to work successfully for a 
long time, and the new settlement attracted considerable attention. But the 
west side of the Mississippi belonged to the Sac and Fox Indians, and the Gov- 
ernment, in order to preserve peace on the frontier, as well as to protect the 
Indians in their rights under the treaty, ordered the settlers not only to stop 
mining, but to remove from the Indian territory. They were simply intruders. 
The execution of this order was entrusted to Col. Zachary Taylor, then in com- 
mand of the military post at Prairie du Chien, who, early in July, sent an officer 
to the miners with orders to forbid settlement, and to command the miners to 
remove within ten days to the east side of the Mississippi, or they would be 
driven off" by armed force. The miners, however, were reluctant about leaving 
the rich " leads " they had already discovered and opened, and were not dis- 
posed to obey the order to remove with any considerable degree of alacrity. In 
due time. Col. Taylor dispatched a detachment of troops to enforce his order. The 
miners, anticipating their arrival, had, excepting three, recrossed the river, and 
from the east bank saw the troops land on the western shore. The three Avho 
had lingered a little too long Avere, however, permitted to make their escape 



* Established by the Superintendent of U. S. Lead Mines at Fever River. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 169 

unmolested. From this time, a military force was stationed at Dubuque to 
prevent the settlers from returning, until June, 1832. The Indians returned, 
and were encouaged to operate the rich mines opened by the late white 
occupants. 

In June, 1832, the troops were ordered to the east side to assist in the 
annihilation of the very Indians whose rights they had been protecting on the 
west side. Immediately after the close of the Black Hawk war, and the negotia- 
tions of the treaty in September, 1832, by which the Sacs and Foxes ceded to 
the United States the tract known as the "Black Hawk Purchase," the set- 
tlers, supposing that now they had a right to re-enter the territory, returned 
and took possession of their claims, built cabins, erected furnaces and prepared 
large quantities of lead for market. Dubuque was becoming a noted place on 
the river, but the prospects of the hardy and enterprising settlers and miners 
were again ruthlessly interfered with by the Government, on the ground that 
the treaty with the Indians would not go into force until June 1, 1833, although 
they had withdrawn from the vicinity of the settlement. Col. Taylor was again 
ordered by the War Department to remove the miners, and in January, 1833, 
troops were again sent from Prairie du Chien to Dubuque for that purpose. 
This was a serious and perhaps unnecessary hardship imposed upon the settlers. 
They were compelled to abandon their cabins and homes in mid-winter. It 
must now be said, simply, that "red tape" should be respected. The purchase 
had been made, the treaty ratified, or was sure to be ; the Indians had retired, 
and, after the lapse of nearly fifty years, no very satisfactory reason for this 
rigorous action of the Government can be given. 

But the orders had been given, and there was no alternative but to obey. 
Many of the settlers recrossed the river, and did not return ; a few, however, 
removed to an island near the east bank of the river, built rude cabins of poles, 
in which to store their lead until Spring, when they could float the fruits of 
their labor to St. Louis for sale, and where they could remain until the treaty 
went into force, when they could return. Among these were James L. Lang- 
worthy, and his brother Lucius, who had on hand about three hundred thousand 
pounds of lead. 

Lieut. Covington, who had been placed in command at Dubuque by Col. 
Taylor, ordered some of the cabins of the settlers to be torn down, and wagons 
and other property to be destroyed. This wanton and inexcusable action on 
the part of a subordinate clothed with a little brief authority was stei'nly 
rebuked by Col. Taylor, and Covington was superseded by Lieut. George Wil- 
son, who pursued a just and friendly course with the pioneers, who were only 
waiting for the time when they could repossess their claims. 

June 1, 1833, the treaty formally went into effect, the troops were withdrawn, 
and the Langworthy brothers and a few others at once returned and resumed 
possession of their home claims and mineral prospects, and from this time the 
first permanent settlement of this portion of Iowa must date. Mr. John P. 
Sheldon was appointed Superintendent of the mines by the Government, and a 
system of permits to miners and licenses to smelters was adopted, similar to that 
which had been in operation at Galena, since 1825, under Lieut. Martin Thomas 
and Capt. Thomas C. Legate. Substantially the primitive law enacted by the 
miners assembled around that old cottonwood drift log in 1830 was adopted and 
enforced by the United States Government, except that miners were required to 
sell their mineral to licensed smelters and the smelter was required to give bonds 
for the payment of six per cent, of all lead manufactured to the Government. 
This was the same rule adopted in the United States mines on Fever River in 



170 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Illinois, except that, until 1830, the Illinois miners were compelled to pay 10 
per cent. tax. This tax upon the miners created much dissatisfaction among 
the miners on the west side as it had on the east side of the Mississippi. They 
thought they had suffered hardships and privations enough in opening the way 
for civilization, without being subjected to the imposition of an odious Govern- 
ment tax upon their means of subsistence, when the Federal Government could 
better afford to aid than to extort from them. The measure soon became unpop- 
ular. It was difficult to collect the taxes, and the whole system was abolished 
in about ten years. 

During 1833, after the Indian title was fully extinguished, about five hun- 
dred people arrived at the mining district, about one hundred and fifty of them 
from Galena. 

In the same year, Mr. Langworthy assisted in building the first school house 
in Iowa, and thus was formed the nucleus of the now populous and thriving 
City of Dubuque. Mr. Langworthy lived to see the naked prairie on which he 
first landed become the site of a city of fifteen thousand inhabitants, the small 
school house Avhich he aided in constructing replaced by three substantial edifices, 
wherein two thousand children Avere being trained, churches erected in every 
part of the city, and railroads connecting the wilderness which he first explored 
with all the eastern world. . He died suddenly on the 13th of March, 1865, 
while on a trip over the Dubuque & Southwestern Railroad, at Monticello,. 
and the evening train brought the news of his death and his remains. 

Lucius H. Langworthy, his brother, was one of the most worthy, gifted and 
influential of the old settlers of this section of Iowa. He died, greatly lamented 
by many friends, in June, 1865. 

The name Dubuque was given to the settlement by the miners at a meeting 
held in 1834. 

In 1832, Captain James White made a claim on the present site of Montrose. 
In 1834, a military post was established at this point, and a garrison of cavalry 
was stationed here, under the command of Col. Stephen W. Kearney. The 
soldiers were removed from this post to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1837. 

During the same year, 1832, soon after the close of the Black Hawk War, 
Zachariah Hawkins, Benjamin Jennings, Aaron White, Augustine Horton, 
Samuel Gooch, Daniel Thompson and Peter Williams made claims at Fort 
Madison. In 1833, these claims were purchased by John and Nathaniel 
Knapp, upon which, in 1835, they laid out the town. The next Summer, lots 
were sold. The town was subsequently re-surveyed and platted by the United 
States Government. 

At the close of the Black Hawk War. parties who had been impatiently 
looking across upon "Flint Hills," now Burlington, came over from Illinois 
and made claims The first was Samuel S. White, in the Fall of 1832, who 
erected a cabin on the site of the city of Burlington. About the same time, 
David Tothero made a claim on the prairie about three miles back from the 
river, at a place since known as the farm of Judge Morgan. In the Winter of 
that year, they were driven off by the military from Rock Island, as intruders 
upon the rights of the Indians, and White's cabin was burnt by the soldiers. 
He retired to Illinois, where he spent the Winter, and in the Summer, as soon 
as the Indian title was extinguished, returned and rebuilt his cabin. White 
was joined by his brother-in-law, Doolittle, and they laid out the original town 
of Burlington in 1834. 

All along the river borders of the Black Hawk Purchase settlers were flocking 
into Iowa. Immediately after the treaty with the Sacs and Foxes, in Septem- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 171 

ber, 1832, Col. George Davenport made the first claim on the spot where the 
thriving city of Davenport now stands. As early as 1827, Col. Davenport had 
established a flatboat ferry, which ran between the island and the main shore of 
Iowa, by which he carried on a trade with the Indians west of the Mississippi. 
In 1833, Capt. Benjamin W. Clark moved across from Illinois, and laid the 
foundation of the town of Buffalo, in Scott County, which was the first actual 
settlement within the limits of that county. Among other early settlers in this 
part of the Territory were Adrian H. Davenport, Col. John Sullivan, Mulli- 
gan and Franklin Easly, Capt. John Coleman, J. M. Camp, William White, 
H. W. Higgins, Cornelius Harrold, Richard Harrison, E. H. Shepherd and 
Dr. E. S. Barrows. 

The first settlers of Davenport were Antoine LeClaire, Col. George Daven- 
port, Major Thomas Smith, Major William Gordon, Philip Hambough, Alexan- 
der W. McGregor, Levi S. Colton, Capt. James May and others. Of Antoine 
LeClaire, as the representative of the two races of men who at this time occu- 
pied Iowa, Hon. C. C. Nourse, in his admirable Centennial Address, says : 
"• Antoine LeClaire was born at St. Joseph, Michigan, in 1797. His father 
was French, his mother a granddaughter of a PottoAvatomie chief. In 1818, 
he acted as official interpreter to Col. Davenport, at Fort Armstrong (now Rock 
Island). He was well acquainted with a dozen Indian dialects, and was a man 
of strict integrity and great energy. In 1820, he married the granddaughter 
of a Sac chief. The Sac and Fox Indians reserved for him and his wife two 
sections of land in the treaty of 1833, one at the town of LeClaire and one at 
Davenport. The Pottawatomies, in the treaty at Prairie du Chien, also 
reserved for him two sections of land, at the present site of Moline, 111. He 
received the appointment of Postmaster and Justice of the Peace in the Black 
Hawk Purchase, at an early day. In 1833, ho bought for $100 a claim on the 
land upon which the original town of Davenport was surveyed and platted in 
1836. In 1836, LeClaire built the hotel, known since, with its valuable addi- 
tion, as the LeClaire House. He died September 25, 1861." 

In Clayton County, the first settlement was made in the Spring of 1832, 
on Turkey River, by Robert Hatfield and William W. Wayman. No further 
settlement was made in this part of the State till the beginning of 1836. 

In that portion now known as Muscatine County, settlements were made in 
1831, by Benjamin Nye, John Vanater and G. W. Kasey, who were the first 
settlers. E. E. Fay, William St. John, N. Fullington, H. Reece, Jona Petti- 
bone, R. P. Lowe, Stephen Whicher, Abijah Whiting, J. E. Fletcher, W. D. 
Abernethy and Alexis Smith were early settlers of Muscatine. 

During the Summer of 1835, William Bennett and his family, from Galena, 
built the first cabin within the present limits of Delaware County, in some 
timber since known as Eads' Grove. 

The first post ofiice in Iowa was established at Dubuque in 1833. Milo H. 
Prentice was appointed Postmaster. 

The first Justice of the Peace was Antoine Le Claire, appointed in 1833, as 
" a very suitable person to adjust the difficulties between the white settlers and 
the Indians still remainmg there." 

The first Methodist Society in the Territory was formed at Dubuque on 
the 18th of May, 1834, and the first class meeting was held June 1st of that 
year. 

The first church bell brought into Iowa was in March, 1834. 

The first mass of the Roman Catholic Church in the Territory was celebrated 
at Dubuque, in the house of Patrick Quigley, in the Fall of 1833. 



172 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The first school house in the Territory was erected by the Dubuque miners 
in 1833. 

The first Sabbath school was organized at Dubuque early in the Summer 
of 1834. 

The first woman who came to this part of the Territory with a view to per- 
manent residence was Mrs. Noble F. Dean, in the Fall of 1832. 

The first family that lived in this part of Iowa was that of Hosea T. Camp, 
in 1832. 

The first meeting house was built by the Methodist Episcopal Church, at 
Dubuque, in 1834. 

The first newspaper in Iowa was the Dubuque Visitor, issued May 11th, 1836. 
John King, afterward Judge King, was editor, and William C. Jones, printer. 

The pioneers of Iowa, as a class, were brave, hardy, intelligent and 
enterprising people. 

As early as 1824, a French trader named Hart had established a trading 
post, and built a cabin on the bluffs above the large spring now known as 
" Mynster Spring," within the limits of the present city of Council Bluffs, and 
had probably been there some time, as the post was known to the employes of 
the American Fur Company as Laeote de Hart, or " Hart's Bluff." In 1827, 
an agent of the American Fur Company, Francis Guittar, Avith others, encamped 
in the timber at the foot of the bluffs, about on the present location of Broad- 
way, and afterward settled there. In 1839, a block house was built on the 
bluff in the east part of the city. The Pottawatomie Indians occupied this part 
of the State until 1846-7, when they relinquished the territory and removed to 
Kansas. Billy Caldwell was then principal chief. There were no white settlers 
in that part of the State except Indian traders, until the arrival of the Mormons 
under the lead of Brigham Young. These people on their way westAvard halted 
for the Winter of 1846-7 on the west bank of the Missouri River, about five 
miles above Omaha, at a place now called Florence. Some of them had 
reached the eastern bank of the river the Spring before, in season to plant a 
crop. In the Spring of 1847, Young and a portion of the colony pursued their 
journey to Salt Lake, but a large portion of them returned to the Iowa side and 
settled mainly within the limits of Pottawattamie County. The principal settle- 
ment of this strange community was at a place first called "Miller's Hollow," 
on Indian Creek, and afterward named Kanesville, in honor of Col. Kane, of 
Pennsylvania, who visited them soon afterward. The Mormon settlement 
extended over the county and into neighboring counties, wherever timber and 
water furnished desirable locations. Orson Hyde, priest, lawyer and editor, was 
installed as President of the Quorum of Twelve, and all that part of the State 
remained under Mormon control for several years. In 1846, they raised a bat- 
talion, numbering some five hundred men, for the Mexican war. In 1848, Hyde 
started a paper called the Frontier Gruardian, at Kanesville. In 1849, after 
many of the faithful had left to join Brigham Young at Salt Lake, the Mormons 
in this section of Iowa numbered 6,552, and in 1850, 7,828, but they were not 
all Avithin the limits of Pottawattamie County. This county was organized in 
1848, all the first officials being Mormons. In 1852, the order was promulgated 
that all the true believers should gather together at Salt Lake. Gentiles flocked 
in, and in a few years nearly all the first settlers were gone. 

May 9, 1843, Captain James Allen, with a small detachment of troops on 
board the steamer lone, arrived at the present site of the capital of the State, 
Des Moines. The lone was the first steamer to ascend the Des Moines River 
to this point. The troops and stores Avere landed at what is noAV the foot of 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 173 

Court avenue, Des Moines, and Capt. Allen returned in the steamer to Fort 
Sanford to arrange for bringing up more soldiers and supplies. In due time 
they, too, arrived, and a fort was built near the mouth of Raccoon Fork, at its 
confluence with the Des Moines, and named Fort Des Moines. Soon after the 
arrival of the troops, a trading post was established on the east side of the river, 
by two noted Indian traders named Ewing, from Ohio. 

Among the first settlers in this part of Iowa were Benjamin Bryant, J. B. 
Scott, James Drake (gunsmith), John Sturtevant, Robert Kinzie, Alexander 
Turner, Peter Newcomer, and others. 

The Western States have been settled by many of the best and most enter- 
prising men of the older States, and a large immigration of the best blood of 
the Old World, who, removing to an arena of larger opportunities, in a more 
fertile soil and congenial climate, have developed a spirit and an energy 
peculiarly Western. In no country on the globe have enterprises of all kinds 
been pushed forward with such rapidity, or has there been such independence 
and freedom of competition. Among those who have pioneered the civiliza- 
tion of the West, and been the founders of great States, none have ranked 
higher in the scale of intelligence and moral worth than the pioneers of Iowa, 
who came to the territory when it was an Indian country, and through hardship, 
privation and suffering, laid the foundations of the populous and prosperous 
commonwealth which to-day dispenses its blessings to a million and a ci[uarter 
of people. From her first settlement and from her first organization as a terri- 
tory to the present day, Iowa has had able men to manage her affairs, wise 
statesmen to shape her destiny and frame her laws, and intelligent and impartial 
jurists to administer justice to her citizens ; her bar, pulpit and press have been 
able and widely influential ; and in all the professions, arts, enterprises and 
industries which go to make up a great and prosperous commonwealth, she has 
taken and holds a front rank among her sister States of the West. 



TERRITORIAL HISTORY. 

By act of Congress, approved October 31, 1803, the President of the United 
States was authorized to take possession of the territory included in the 
Louisiana purchase, and provide for a temporary government. By another act 
of the same session, approved March 26, 1804, the newly acquired country was 
divided, October 1, 1804 into the Territory of Orleans, south of the thirty-third 
parallel of north latitude, and the district of Louisiana, which latter was placed 
under the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory. 

In 1805, the District of Louisiana was organized as a Territory with a gov- 
ernment of its own. In 1807, Iowa was included in the Territory of Illinois, 
and in 1812 in the Territory of Missouri. When Missouri was admitted as a 
State, March 2, 1821, " Iowa," says Hon. C. C. Nourse, "was left a political 
orphan," until by act of Congress, approved June 28, 1834, the Black Hawk 
purchase having been made, all the territory west of the Mississippi and north 
of the northern boundary of Missouri, was made a part of Michigan Territory. 
Up to this time there had been no county or other organization in what is now 
the State of Iowa, although one or two Justices of the Peace had been appointed 
and a post office was established at Dubuque in 1833. In September, 1834, 
however, the Territorial Legislature of Michigan created two counties on the 
west side of the Mississippi River, viz. : Dubuque and Des Moines, separated 
by a line drawn westward from the foot of Rock Island. These counties were 



174 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

partially organized. Jolm King -was appointed Chief Justice of Dubuque 
County, and Isaac Leffler, of Burlington, of Des Moines County. Two 
Associate Justices, in each county, were appointed by the Governor. 

On the first Monday in October, 1835, Gen. George W. Jones, now a citi- 
zen of Dubuque, was elected a Delegate to Congress from this part of Michigan 
Territory. On the 20th of April, 1836, through the efforts of Gen. Jones, 
Congress passed a bill creating the Territory of Wisconsin, which went into 
operation, July 4, 1836, and Iowa was then included in 

THE TERRITORY OF WISCONSIN, 

of which Gen. Henry Dodge was appointed Governor: John S. Horner, Secre- 
tary of the Territory ; Charles Dunn, Chief Justice ; David Irwin and William 
C. Frazer, Associate Justices. 

September 9, 1836, Governor Dodge ordered the census of the new Territory 
to be taken. This census resulted in showing a population of 10,531 in the 
counties of Dubuque and Des Moines. Under the apportionment, these two 
counties were entitled to six members of the Council and thirteen of the House 
of Representatives. The Governor issued his proclamation for an election to be 
held on the first Monday of October, 1836, on which day the following members 
of the First Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin were elected from the two 
counties in the Black Hawk purchase : 

Dubuque County. — Council : John Fally. Thomas McKnight, Thomas Mc- 
Craney. House: Loring Wheeler, Hardin Nowlan, Peter Hill Engle, Patrick 
Quigley, Hosea T. Camp. 

Des Moines County. — Council: Jeremiah Smith, Jr., Joseph B. Teas, 
Arthur B. Ingram. House: Isaac Leffler, Thomas Blair, Warren L. Jenkins, 
John Box, George W. Teas, Eli Reynolds, David R. Chance. 

The first Legislature assembled at Belmont, in the present State of Wiscon- 
sin, on the 25th day of October, 1836. and was organized by electing Henry T. 
Baird President of the Council, and Peter Hill Engle, of Dubuque, Speaker of 
the House. It adjourned December 9, 1836. 

The second Legislature assembled at Burlington, November 10, 1837. 
Adjourned January 20, 1838. The third session was at Burlington ; com- 
menced June 1st, and adjourned June 12, 1838. 

During the first session of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature, in 1836, 
the county of Des Moines was divided into Des Moines, Lee, Van Buren, Henry, 
Muscatine and Cook (the latter being subsequently changed to Scott) and defined 
their boundaries. During the second session, out of the territory embraced in 
Dubuque County, were created the counties of Dubuque, Clayton, Fayette, 
Delaware. Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, Clinton and Cedar, and their boun- 
daries defined, but the most of them were not organized until several years 
afterward, under the authority of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa. 

The question of a separate territorial organization for Iowa, which was then 
a part of Wisconsin Territory, began to be agitated early in the Autumn of 
1837. The wishes of the people found expression in a convention held at Bur- 
lington on the 1st of November, which memorialized Congress to organize a 
Territory west of the Mississippi, and to settle the boundary line between Wis- 
consin Territory and Missouri. The Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, then 
in session at Burlington, joined in the petition. Gen. George W. Jones, of 
Dubuque, then residing at Sinsinawa Mound, in what is now Wisconsin, was 
Delegate to Congress from Wisconsin Territory, and labored so earnestly and 
successfully, that " An act to divide the Territory of Wisconsin, and to estab- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 175 

lish the Territorial Government of Iowa," was approved June 12, 1838, to take 
effect and be in force on and after July 3, 1838. The new Territory embraced 
"all that part of the present Territory of Wisconsin which lies west of the Mis- 
sissippi River, and west of a line drawn due north from the head water or 
sources of the Mississippi to the territorial line." The organic act provided 
for a Governor, whose terra of office should be three years, and for a Secretary, 
Chief Justice, two Associate Justices, and Attorney and Marshal, who should 
serve four years, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate. The act also provided for the election, by the white 
male inhabitants, citizens of the United States, over twenty-one yeurs of ac^e, 
of a House of Representatives, consisting of twenty-six members, and a Council' 
to consist of thirteen members. It also appropriated |5,000 for a public library, 
and 120,000 for the erection of public buildings. 

President Van Buren appointed Ex-Governor Robert Lucas, of Ohio, to be 
the first Governor of the new Territory. William B. Conway, of Pittsburgh, 
was appointed Secretary of the Territory; Charles Mason, of Burlington^ 
Chief Justice, and Thomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, and Joseph Williams, of 
Pennsylvania, Associate Judges of the Supreme and District Courts; Mr. Var, 
Allen, of New York, Attorney; Francis Gehon, of Dubuque, Marshal; Au 
gustus C. Dodge, Register of the Land Office at Burlington, and Thomas Me- 
Knight, Receiver of the Land Office at Dubuque. Mr. Van Allen, the District 
Attorney, died at Rockingham, soon after his appointment, and Col. CharleM 
Weston was appointed to fill his vacancy. Mr. Conway, the Secretary, also 
died at Burlington, during the second session of the Legislature, and Jamen 
Clarke, editor of the Gazette, was appointed to succeed him. 

Immediately after his arrival, Governor Lucas issued a proclamation for tho 
election of members of the first Territorial Legislature, to be held on the lOtk 
of September, dividing the Territory into election districts for that purpose, and 
appointing the 12th day of November for meeting of the Legislature to bo 
elected, at Burlington. 

The first Territorial Legislature was elected in September and assembled al; 
Burlington on the 12th of November, and consisted of the following members : 

CoM7i(7z7.— Jesse B. Brown, J. Keith, E. A. M. Swazey, Arthur Ingram, 
Robert Ralston, George Hepner, Jesse J. Payne, D. B. Hughes, James M- 
Clark, Charles Whittlesey, Jonathan W. Parker, Warner Lewis, Stephen 
Hempstead. 

Rouse. — William Patterson, Hawkins Taylor, Calvin J. Price, James 
Brierly, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parker, James W. Grimes, 
George Temple, Van B. Delashmutt, Thomas Blair, George H. Beeler,"' 
William G. Coop, William H. Wallace, Asbury B. Porter, John Frierson, 
William L. Toole, Levi Thornton, S. C. Hastings, Robert G. Roberts, Laurel 
Summers,t Jabez A. Burchard, Jr., Chauncey Swan, Andrew Bankson, Thomas 
Cox and Hardin Nowlin. 

Notwithstanding a large majority of the members of both branches of the 
Legislature were Democrats, yet Gen. Jesse B. Browne (Whig), of Lee County, 
was elected President of the Council, and Hon. William H. Wallace (Whio-), of 
Henry County, Speaker of the House of Representatives — the former unani- 
mously and the latter with bu5 little opposition. At that time, national politics 

* Cyrus S. Jacobs, who was elected for Pes Moines County, wa9 killed in an unfortunate encounter at Burlington 
before the meeting of the Legishiture, and Mr. Beeler was elected to fill the vacancy. 

t Samuel R. Murray was returned us elected from Cliutoa County, but his seat was successfullv contested bv 
xJurcLard. ■' 



176 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

were little heeded by the people of the new Territory, but in 1840, during the 
Presidential campaign, party lines were strongly drawn. 

At the election in September, 1838, for members of the Legislature, a Con- 
gressional Delegate was also elected. There were four candidates, viz. : William 
W. Chapman and David Rohrer, of Des Moines County ; B. F. Wallace, of 
Henry County, and P. H. Engle, of Dubuque County. Chapman was elected, 
receiving a majority of thirty-six over Engle. 

The first session of the Iowa Territorial Legislature was a stormy and excit- 
ing one. By the organic law, the Qovernor was clothed with almost unlimited 
veto power. Governor Lucas seemed disposed to make free use of it, and the 
independent Hawkeyes could not quietly submit to arbitrary and absolute rule, 
and the result was an unpleasant controversy between the Executive and Legis- 
lative departments. Congress, however, by act approved March 3, 1839, 
amended the organic law by restricting the veto power of the Governor to the 
two-thirds rule, and took from him the power to appoint Sheriffs and Magistrates. 

Among the first important matters demanding attention was the location of 
the seat of government and provision for the erection of public buildings, for 
which Congress had appropriated f 20,000. Governor Lucas, in his message, 
had recommended the appointment of Commissioners, witR a view to making a 
central location. The extent of the future State of Iowa was not known or 
thought of. Only on a strip of land fifty miles wide, bordering on the Missis- 
sippi River, was the Indian title extinguished, and a central location meant some 
central point in the Black Hawk Purchase. The friends of a central location 
supported the Governor's suggestion. The southern members were divided 
between Burlington and Mount Pleasant, but finally united on the latter as the 
proper location for the seat of government. The central and southern parties 
were very nearly equal, and, in consequence, much excitement prevailed. The 
central party at last triumphed, and on the 21st day of January, 1839, an act 
was passed, appointing Chauncey Swan, of Dubuque County ; John Ronalds, 
of Louisa County, and Robert Ralston, of Des Moines County, Commissioners, 
to select a site for a permanent seat of Government within the limits of John- 
son County. 

Johnson County had been created by act of the Territorial Legislature of 
Wisconsin, approved December 21, 1837, and organized by act passed at the 
special session at Burlington in June, 1838, the organization to date from July 
4th, following. Napoleon, on the Iowa River, a few miles below the future 
Iowa City, was designated as the county seat, temporarily. 

Then there existed good reason for locating the capital in the county. The 
Territory of Iowa was bounded on the north by the British Possessions ; east, by 
the Mississippi River to its source ; thence by a line drawn due north to the 
northern boundary of the United States; south, by the State of Missouri, and west, 
by the Missouri and White Earth Rivers. But this immense territory was in un- 
disputed possession of the Indians, except a sti-ip on the Mississippi, known as 
the Black Hawk Purchase. Johnson County was, from north to south, in the 
geographical center of this purchase, and as near the east and west geographical 
center of the future State of Iowa as could then be made, as the boundary line 
between the lands of the United States and the Indians, established by the 
treaty of October 21, 1837, was immediately west of the county limits. 

The Commissioners, after selecting the site, were directed to lay out 640 
acres into a town, to be called Iowa City, and to proceed to sell lots and erect 
public buildings thereon, Congress having granted a section of land to be 
selected by the Territory for this purpose. The Commissioners met at Napo- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 177 

leon, Johnson County, May 1, 1839, selected for a site Section 10, in Town- 
ship 79 North of Range 6 West of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and immedi- 
ately surveyed it and laid off the town. The first sale of lots took place August 
16, 1839, The site selected for the public buildings was a little west of the 
geographical center of the section, where a square of ten acres on the elevated 
grounds overlooking the river was reserved for the purpose. The capitol is 
located in the center of this square. The second Territorial Legislature, which 
assembled in November, 1839, passed an act requiring the Commissioners to 
adopt such plan for the building that the aggregate cost when complete should 
not exceed $51,000, and if they had already adopted a plan involving a greater 
expenditure they were directed to abandon it. Plans for the building were designed 
and drawn by Mr. John F. Rague, of Springfield, 111., and on the 4th day of July, 
1840, the corner stone of the edifice was laid with appropriate ceremonies. 
Samuel C. Trowbridge was Marshal of the day, and Gov. Lucas delivered the 
address on that occasion. 

When the Legislature assembled at Burlington in special session, July 13, 
1840, Gov. Lucas announced that on the 4th of that month he had visited Iowa 
City, and found the basement of the capitol nearly completed. A bill author- 
izing a loan of $20,000 for the building was passed, January 15, 1841, the 
unsold lots of Iowa City being, the security offered, but only $5,500 was 
obtained under the act. 

THE BOUNDARY QUESTION. 

The boundary line between the Territory of Iowa and the State of Missouri 
was a difficult question to settle in 1838, in consequence of claims arising from 
taxes and titles, and at one time civil war was imminent. In defining the 
boundaries of the counties bordering on Missouri, the Iowa authorities had fixed 
a line that has since been established as the boundary between Iowa and Mis- 
souri. The Constitution of Missouri defined her northern boundary to be the 
parallel of latitude which passes through the rapids of the Des Moines River. 
The lower rapids of the Mississippi immediately above the mouth of the Des 
Moines River had always been known as the Des Moines Rapids, or "the 
rapids of the Des Moines River." The Missourians (evidently not well versed 
in history or geography) insisted on running the northern boundary line from 
the rapids in the Des Moines River, just below Keosauqua, thus taking from 
Iowa a strip of territory eight or ten miles wide. Assuming this as her 
northern boundary line, Missouri attempted to exercise jurisdiction over the 
disputed territory by assessing taxes, and sending her Sheriil's to collect them by 
distraining the personal property of the settlers. The lowans, however, were 
not disposed to submit, and the Missouri officials were arrested by the Sheriffs 
of Davis and Van Buren Counties and confined in jail. Gov. Boggs, of 
Missouri, called out his militia to enforce the claim and sustain the ofiicers of 
Missouri. Gov. Lucas called out the militia of Iowa, and both parties made 
active preparations for war. In Iowa, about 1,200 men were enlisted, and 
500 were actually armed and encamped in Van Buren County, ready to defend 
the integrity of the Territory. Subsequently, Gen. A. C. Dodge, of Burlington, 
Gen. Churchman, of Dubuque, and Dr. Clark, of Fort Madison, were sent to 
Missouri as envoys plenipotentiary, to effect, if possible, a peaceable adjustment 
of the difficulty. Upon their arrival, they found that the County Commissioners 
of Clarke County , Missouri, had rescinded their order for the collection of the taxes, 
and that Gov. Boggs had despatched messengers to the Governor of Iowa proposing 



178 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

to submit an agreed case to the Supreme Court of the United States for the 
final settlement of the boundary question. This proposition was declined, but 
afterward Congress authorized a suit to settle the controversy, which was insti- 
tuted, and which resulted in a judgment for Iowa. Under this decision, 
William G. Miner, of Missouri, and Henry B. Hendershott were appointed 
Commissioners to survey and establish the boundary. Mr. Nourse remarks 
that " the expenses of the war on the part of Iowa were never paid, either by 
the United States or the Territorial Government. The patriots who furnished 
supplies to the troops had to bear the cost and charges of the struggle." 

The first legislative assembly laid the broad foundation of civil equality, on 
which has been constructed one of the most liberal governments in the Union. 
Its first act was to recognize the equality of woman with man before the law by 
providing that " no action commenced by a single woman, who intermarries 
during the pendency thereof, shall abate on account of such marriage." This prin- 
ciple has been adopted by all subsequent legislation in Iowa, and to-day woman 
has full and equal civil rights with man, except only the right of the ballot. 

Religious toleration was also secured to all, personal liberty strictly guarded, 
the rights and privileges of citizenship extended to all white persons, and the 
purity of elections secured by heavy penalties against bribery and corruption. 
The judiciary power Avas vested in a Supreme Court, District Court, Probate 
Court, and Justices of the Peace. Real estate was made divisible by will, and 
intestate property divided equitably among heirs. Murder was made punishable 
by death, and proportionate penalties fixed for lesser crimes. A system of free 
schools, open for every class of white citizens, was established. Provision was 
made for a system of roads and highways. Thus under the territorial organi- 
zation, the country began to emerge from a savage wilderness, and take on the 
forms of civil government. 

By act of Congress of June 12, 1838, the lands which had been purchased 
of the Indians were brought into market, and land offices opened in Dubuque 
and Burlington. Congress provided for military roads and bridges, which 
greatly aided the settlers, who were now coming in by thousands, to make their 
homes on the fertile prairies of Iowa — " the Beautiful Land." The fame of the 
country had spread far and wide; even before the Indian title was extinguished, 
many were crowding the borders, impatient to cross over and stake out their 
claims on the choicest spots they could find in the new Territory. As 
soon as the country was open for settlement, the borders, the Black Hawk 
Purchase, all along the Mississipi, and up the principal rivers and streams, and 
out over the broad and rolling prairies, began to be thronged Avith eager land 
hunters and immigrants, seeking homes in Iowa. It was a sight to delight the 
eyes of all comers from every land — its noble streams, beautiful and picturesque 
hills and valleys, broad and fertile prairies extending as far as the eye could 
reach, with a soil surpassing in richness anything Avhich they had ever seen. It 
is not to be wondered at that immigration into Iowa Avas rapid, and that within 
less than a decade from the organization of the Territory, it contained a hundred 
and fifty thousand people. 

As rapidly as the Indian titles were extinguished and the original owners 
removed, the resistless tide of emigration floAved Avestward. The folloAving extract 
from Judge Nourse's Centennial Address shoAVS hoAV the immigrants gathered 
on the Indian boundary, ready for the removal of the barrier : 

In obedience to our progressive and aggressive spirit, the Government of the United States 
made another treaty with the Sac and Fox Indians, on the 11th day of August, 1842, for the 
remaining portion of their land in Iowa. The treaty provided that the Indians should retain 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 179 

possession of all the lands thus ceded until May 1, 1843, and should occupy that portion of the 
ceded territory west of a line runnincr north and south through Kedrock, until October 11, 1845. 
These tribes, at this time, had their principal village at Ot-tum-wa-no, now called Ottumwa. As 
soon as it became known that the treaty had been concluded, there was a rush of immigration to 
Iowa, and a great number of temporary settlements were made near the Indian boundary, wait- 
ing for the 1st day of May. As the day approached, hundreds of families encamped along the 
line, and their tents and wagons gave the scene the appearance of a military expedition. The 
country beyond had been thoroughly explored, but the United States military authorities had 
prevented any settlement or even the making out of claims by any monuments whatever. 

To aid them in making out their claims when the hour should arrive, the settlers had placed 
piles of dry wood on the rising ground, at convenient distances, and a short time before twelve 
o'clock of the night of the 30th of April, these were lighted, and when the midnight hour arrived, 
it was announced by the discharge of firearms. The night was dark, but this army of occupa- 
tion pressed forward, torch in hand, with axe and hatchet, blazing lines with all manner of 
curves and angles. When daylight came and revealed the confusion of these wonderful surveys, 
numerous disputes arose, settled generally by compromise, but sometimes by violence. Between 
midnight of the 30th of April and sundown of the 1st of May, over one thousand families had 
settled on their new purchase. 

While this scene was transpiring, the retreating Indians were enacting one more impressive 
and melancholy. The Winter of 1842-43 was one of unusual severity, and the Indian prophet, 
who had disapproved of the treaty, attributed the severity of the Winter to the anger of the Great 
Spirit, because they had sold their country. Many religious rites were performed to atone for 
the crime. When the time for leaving Ot-tum-wa-no arrived, a solemn silence pervaded the Indian 
camp, and the faces of their stoutest men were bathed in tears; and when their cavalcade was 
put in motion, toward the setting sun, there was a spontaneous outburst of frantic grief from the 
entire procession. 

The Indians remained the appointed time beyond the line running north and south through 
Redrock. The government established a trading post and military encampment at the Raccoon 
Fork of the Des Moines River, then and for many years known as Fort Des Moines. Here the 
red man lingered until the 11th of October, 1845, when the same scene that we have before 
described was re-enacted, and the wave of immigration swept over the remainder of the " New 
Purchase." The lands thus occupied and claimed by the settlers still belonged in fee to the Gen- 
eral Government. The surveys were not completed until some time after the Indian title was 
extinguished. After their survey, the lands were publicly proclaimed or advertised for sale at 
public auction. Under the laws of the United States, a pre-emption or exclusive right to purchase 
public lands could net be acquired until after the lands had thus been publicly offered and not 
sold for want of bidders. Then, and not until then, an occupant making improvements in good 
faith might acquire a right over othei's to enter the land at the minimum price of $1.25 per 
acre. The " claim laws " were unknown to the United States statutes. They originated in the 
" eternal fitness of things," and were enforced, probably, as belonging to that class of natural 
rights not enumerated in the constitution, and not impaired or disparaged by its enumeration. 

The settlers organized in every settlement prior to the public land sales, appointed officers, 
and adopted their own rules and regulations. Each man's claim was duly ascertained and 
recorded by the Secretary. It was the duty of all to attend the sales. The Secretary bid off the 
lands of each settler at $1.25 per acre. The others were there, to see, first, that he did his duty 
and bid in the land, and, secondly, to see that no one else bid. This, of course, sometimes led to 
trouble, but it saved the excitement of competition, and gave a formality and degree of order 
and regularity to the proceedings they would not otherwise have attained. As far as practicable, 
the Territorial Legislature recognized the validity of these " claims " upon the public lands, and 
in 1839 passed an act legalizing their sale and making their transfer a valid consideration to sup- 
port a promise to pay for the same. (Acts of 1843, p. 456). The Supreme Territorial Court 
held this law to be valid. (See Hill v. Smith, 1st Morris Rep. 70). The opinion not only con- 
tains a decision of the question involved, but also contains much valuable erudition upon that 
" spirit of Anglo-Saxon liberty" which the Iowa settlers unquestionably inherited in a direct 
line of descent from the said " Anglo-Saxons." But the early settler was not always able to pay 
even this dollar and twenty-five cents per acre for his land. 

Many of the settlers had nothing to begin with, save their hands, health and 
courage and their family jewels, " the pledges of love," and the " consumers of 
bread." It was not so easy to accumulate money in the early days of the State, 
and the "beautiful prairies," the '* noble streams," and all that sort of poetic 
imagery, did not prevent the early settlers from becoming discouraged. 

An old settler, in speaking of the privations and trials of those early days, 

says : 

Well do the "old settlers '' of Iowa remember the days from the first settlement to 1840. 
Those were days of sadness and distress. The endearments of home in another land had been 



180 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

broken up ; and all that was hallowed on earth, the home of childhood and the scenes of youth, 
we severed ; and we sat down by the gentle waters of our noble river, and often " hung our harps 
on the willows." 

Another, from another part of the State, testifies : 

There was no such thing as getting money for any kind of labor. I laid brick at $3.00 
per thousand, and took my pay in anything I could eat or wear. I built the first Methodist 
Church at Keokuk, 42x60 feet, of brick, for $600, and took my pay in a subscription paper, part 
of which I never collected, and upon which I only received |50 00 in money. Wheat was hauled 
100 miles from the interior, and sold for 37 J cents per bushel. 

Another old settler, speaking of a later period, 1843, says : 

Land and everything had gone down in value to almost nominal prices. Corn and oats 
could be bought for six or ten cents a bushel ; pork, $1 .00 per hundred ; and the best hors% a 
man could raise sold for $50.00, Nearly all were in debt, and the Sheriff and Constable, with 
legal processes, were common visitors at almost every man's door. These were indeed "the times 
that tried men's souls." 

"A few," says Mr. Nourse, "who were not equal to the trial, returned to 
their old homes, but such as had the courage and faith to be the worthy founders 
of a great State remained, to more than realize the fruition of their hopes, and 
the reward of their self-denial." 

On Monday, December 6, 1841, the fourth Legislative Assembly met, at 
the new capital, Iowa City, but the capitol building could not be used, and the 
Legislature occupied a temporary frame house, that had been erected for that 
purpose, during the session of 1841-2. At this session, the Superintendent of 
Public Buildings (who, with the Territorial Agent, had superseded the Commis- 
sioners first appointed), estimated the expense of completing the building at 
$33,330, and that rooms for the use of the Legislature could be completed for 
115,600. 

During 1842, the Superintendent commenced obtaining stone from a new 
quarry, about ten miles northeast of the city. This is now known as the " Old 
Capitol Quarry," and contains, it is thought, an immense quantity of excellent 
building stone. Here all the stone for completing the building was obtained, 
and it was so far completed, that on the 5th day of December, 1842, the Legis- 
lature assembled in the new capitol. At this session, the Superintendent esti- 
mated that it would cost $39,143 to finish the building. This was nearly 
$6,000 higher than the estimate of the previous year, notwithstanding a large 
sum had been expended in the meantime. This rather discouraging discrep- 
ancy was accounted for by the fact that the officers in charge of the work were 
constantly short of funds. Except the congressional appropriation of $20,000 
and the loan of $5,500, obtained from the Miners' Bank, of Dubuque, all the 
funds for the prosecution of the work were derived from the sale of the city 
lots (which did not sell very rapidly), from certificates of indebtedness, and from 
scrip, based upon unsold lots, which was to be received in payment for such lots 
when they were sold. At one time, the Superintendent made a requisition for 
bills of iron and glass, which could not be obtained nearer than St. Louis. To 
meet this, the Agent sold some lots for a draft, payable at Pittsburgh, Pa., for 
which he was compelled to pay twenty-five per cent, exchange. This draft, 
amounting to $507, that officer reported to be more than one-half the cash 
actually handled by him during the entire season, when the disbursements 
amounted to very nearly $24,000. 

With such uncertainty, it could not be expected that estimates could be very 
accurate. With all these disadvantages, however, the work appears to have 
been prudently prosecuted, and as rapidly as circumstances would permit. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 181 

Iowa remained a Territory from 1838 to 1846, during which the office of 
Governor was held by Robert Lucas, John Chambers and James Clarke. 



STATE ORGANIZATION. 

By an act of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa, approved February 12, 

1844, the question of the formation of a State Constitution and providing for 
the election of Delegates to a convention to be convened for that purpose was 
submitted to the people, to be voted upon at their township elections in April 
following. The vote was largely in favor of the measure, and the Delegates 
elected assembled in convention at Iowa City, on the 7th of October, 1844. 
On the first day of November following, the convention completed its work and 
adopted the first State Constitution. 

The President of the convention, Hon. Shepherd Leffler, was instructed to 
transmit a certified copy of this Constitution to the Delegate in Congress, to be 
by him submitted to that body at the earliest practicable day. It was also pro- 
vided that it should be submitted, together with any conditions or changes that 
might be made by Congress, to the people of the Territory, for their approval 
or rejection, at the township election in April, 1845. 

The boundaries of the State, as defined by this Constitution, were as fol- 
lows : 

Beginning in the middle of the channel of the Mississippi River, opposite mouth of the 
Des Moines River, thence up the said river Des Moines, in the middle of the main channel 
thereof, to a point where it is intersected by the Old Indian Boundary line, or line run by John 
C. Sullivan, in the year 1816 ; thence westwardly along said line to the " old " northwest corner 
of Missouri ; thence due west to the middle of the main channel of the Missouri River ; thence 
up in the middle of the main channel of the river last mentioned to the mouth of the Sioux or 
Calumet River; thence in a direct line to the middle of the main channel of the St. Peters River, 
where the Watonwan River— according to Nicollet's map — enters the same ; thence down the 
middle of the main channel of said river to the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi 
River ; thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to the place of beginning. 

These boundaries were rejected by Congress, but by act approved March 3,, 

1845, a State called Iowa was admitted into the Union, provided the people 
accepted the act, bounded as follows : 

Beginning at the mouth of the Des Moines River, at the middle of the Mississippi, thence 
by the middle of the channel of that river to a parallel of latitude passing through the mouth of 
the Mankato or Blue Earth River; thence west, along said parallel of latitude, to a point where 
it is intersected by a meridian line seventeen degrees and thirty minutes west of the meridian 
of Washington City ; thence due south, to the northern boundary line of the State of Missouri ; 
thence eastwardly, following that boundary to the point at which the same intersects the Des 
Moines River ; thence by the middle of the channel of that river to the place of beginning. 

These boundaries, had they been accepted, would have placed the northern 
boundary of the State about thirty miles north of its present location, and would 
have deprived it of the Missouri slope and the boundary of that river. The 
western boundary would have been near the west line of what is now Kossuth 
County. But it was not so to be. In consequence of this radical and unwel- 
come change in the boundaries, the people refused to accept the act of Congress 
and rejected the Constitution at the election, held August 4, 1845, by a vote of 
7,656 to 7,2-35. 

A second Constitutional Convention assembled at Iowa City on the 4th day 
of May, 1846, and on the 18th of the same month another Constitution for the 
new State with the present boundaries, was adopted and submitted to the people 
for ratification on the 3d day of August following, when it was accepted ; 9,492 
votes were cast "for the Constitution," and 9,036 "against the Constitution " 



182 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The Constitution was approved by Congress, and by act of Congress approved 
December 28, 1846, Iowa was admitted as a sovereign State in the American 
Union. 

Prior to this action of Congress, however, the people of the new State held 
an election under the new Constitution on the 26th day of October, and elected 
Oresel Briggs, Governor ; Elisha Cutler, Jr., Secretary of State ; Joseph T. 
Fales, Auditor ; Morgan Reno, Treasurer ; and members of the Senate and 
House of Representatives. 

At this time there were twenty-seven organized counties in the State, with 
a population of nearly 100,000, and the frontier settlements were rapidly push- 
ing toward the Missouri River. The Mormons had already reached there. 

The first General Assembly of the State of Iowa was composed of nineteen 
Senators and forty Representatives. It assembled at Iowa City, November 30, 
1846, about a month before the State was admitted into the Union. 

At the first session of the State Legislature, the Treasurer of State reported 
that the capitol building was in a very exposed condition, liable to injury from 
storms, and expressed the hope that some provision would be made to complete 
it, at least sufiiciently to protect it from the weather. The General Assembly 
responded by appropriating |2,500 for the completion of the public buildings. 
At the first session also arose the question of the re-location of the capital. The 
Western boundary of the State, as now determined, left Iowa City too far toward 
the eastern and southern boundary of the State ; this was conceded. Congress 
had appropriated five sections of land for the erection of public buildings, and 
toward the close of the session a bill was introduced providing for the re-location 
of the seat of government, involving to some extent the location of the State 
University, which had already been discussed. This bill gave rise to a deal of 
discussion and parliamentary maneuvering, almost purely sectional in its character. 
It provided for the appointment of three Commissioners, who were authorized to 
make a location as near the geographical center of the State as a healthy and 
eligible site could be obtained ; to select the five sections of land donated by 
Congress ; to survey and plat into town lots not exceeding one section of the 
land so selected ; to sell lots at public sale, not to exceed two in each block. 
Having done this, they were then required to suspend further operations, and 
make a report of their proceedings to the Governor. The bill passed both 
Houses by decisive votes, received the signature of the Governor, and became a 
law. Soon after, by "An act to locate and establish a State University," 
approved February 25, 1847, the unfinished public buildings at Iowa City, 
together with the ten acres of land on which they were situated, were granted 
for the use of the University, reserving their use, however, by the General 
Assembly and the State ofiicers, until other provisions were made by law. 

The Commissioners forthwith entered upon their duties, and selected four 
sections and two half sections in Jasper County. Two of these sections are in 
what is now Des Moines Township, and the others in Fairview Township, in the 
southern part of that county. These lands are situated between Prairie City 
and Monroe, on the Keokuk & Des Moines Railroad, which runs diagonally 
through them. Here a town was platted, called Monroe City, and a sale of 
lots took place. Four hundred and fifteen lots were sold, at prices that were 
not considered remarkably remunerative. The cash payments (one-fourth) 
amounted to $1,797.43, while the expenses of the sale and the claims of the 
Commissioners for services amounted to $2,206.57. The Commissioners made 
a report of their proceedings to the Governor, as required by law, but the loca- 
tion was generally condemned. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 183 

When the report of the Commissioners, showing this brilliant financial ope- 
ration, had been read in the House of Representatives, at the next session, and 
while it was under consideration, an indignant member, afterward known as 
the eccentric Judge McFarland, moved to refer the report to a select Committee 
of Five, with instructions to report " how much of said city of Monroe was under 
water and how much was burned." The report was referred, without the 
instructions, however, but Monroe City never became the seat of government. 
By an act approved January 15, 1849, the law by which the location had been 
made was repealed and the ncAV town was vacated, the money paid by purchas- 
ers of lots being refunded to them. This, of course, retained the seat of govern- 
ment at Iowa City, and precluded, for the time, the occupation of the building 
and grounds by the University. 

At the same session, $3,000 more were appropriated for completing the 
State building at Iowa City. In 1852, the further sum of $5,000, and in 1854 
$4,000 more were apppropriated for the same purpose, making the whole cost 
$123,000, paid partly by the General Government and partly by the State, but 
principally from the proceeds of the sale of lots in Iowa City. 

But the question of the permanent location of the seat of government was 
not settled, and in 1851 bills were introduced for the removal of the capital to 
Bella and to Fort Des Moines. The latter appeared to have the support of the 
majority, but was finally lost in the House on the question of ordering it to its 
third reading. 

At the next session, in 1853, a bill was introduced in the Senate for the 
removal of the seat of government to Fort Des Moines, and, on final vote, 
was just barely defeated. At the next session, however, the effort was more 
successful, and on the 15th day of January, 1855, a bill re-locating the capital 
within two miles of the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines, and for the appoint- 
ment of Commissioners, was approved by Gov. Grimes. The site was selected 
in 1856, in accordance with the provisions of this act, the land being donated 
to the State by citizens and property -holders of Des Moines. An association of 
citizens erected a building for a temporary capitol, and leased it to the State at 
a nominal rent. 

The third Constitutional Convention to revise the Constitution of the State 
assembled at Iowa City, January 19, 1857. The new Constitution framed by 
this convention was submitted to the people at an election held August 3, 1857, 
when it was approved and adopted by a vote of 40,311 " for " to 38,681 
" against," and on the 3d day of September following was declared by a procla- 
mation of the Governor to be the supreme law of the State of Iowa. 

Advised of the completion of the temporary State House at Des Moines, on 
the 19th of October following. Governor Grime.«^ issued another proclamation, 
declaring the City of Des Moines to be the capital of the State of Iowa. 

The removal of the archives and offices was commenced at once and con- 
tinued through the Fall. It was an undertaking of no small magnitude; there 
was not a mile of railroad to facilitate the work, and the season was unusually 
disagreeable. Rain, snow and other accompaniments increased the difficulties ; 
and it was not until December, that the last of the effects — the safe of the State 
Treasurer, loaded on two large " bob-sleds " — drawn by ten yoke of oxen was de- 
posited in the new capital. It is not imprudent now to remark that, during this 
passage over hills and prairies, across rivers, through bottom lands and timber, 
the safes belonging to the several departments contained large sums of money, 
mostly individual funds, however. Thus, Iowa City ceased to be the capital of 
the State, after four Territorial Legislatures, six State Legislatures and three 



184 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Constitutional Conventions had held their sessions there. By the exchange, 
the old capitol at Iowa City became the seat of the University, and, except the 
rooms occupied by the United States District Court, passed under the immedi- 
ate and direct control of the Trustees of that institution. 

Des Moines was now the permanent seat of government, made so by the 
fundamental law of the State, and on the 11th day of January, 1858, the 
seventh General Assembly convened at the new capital. The building used 
for governmental purposes was purchased in 1864. It soon became inadequate 
for the purposes for which it was designed, and it became apparent that a new, 
large and permanent State House must be erected. In 1870, the General 
Assembly made an appropriation and provided for the appointment of a Board 
of Commissioners to commence the work. The board consisted of Gov. Samuel 
Merrill, ex officio. President ; Grenville M. Dodge, Council Bluffs ; James F. 
Wilson, Fairfield; James Dawson, Washington; Simon G. Stein, Muscatine; 
.James 0. Crosby, Gainsville ; Charles Dudley, Agency City ; John N. Dewey, 
Des Moines ; William L. Joy, Sioux City ; Alexander R. Fulton, Des Moines, 
Secretary. 

The act of 1870 provided that the building should be constructed of the 
best material and should be fire proof; to be heated and ventilated in the most 
approved manner; should contain suitable legislative halls, rooms for State 
officers, the judiciary, library, committees, archives and the collections of the 
State Agricultural Society, and for all purpoees of State Government, and 
should be erected on grounds held by the State for that purpose. The sum first 
appropriated was $150,000 ; and the law provided that no contract should be 
made, either for constructing or furnishing the building, which should bind the 
State for larger sums than those at the time appropriated. A design was drawn 
,and plans and specifications furnished by Cochrane & Piquenard, architects, 
which were accepted by the board, and on the 23d of November, 1871, the cor- 
ner stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies. The estimated cost and present 
value of the capitol is fixed at $2,000,000. 

From 1858 to 1860, the Sioux became troublesome in the northwestern 
part of the State. These warlike Indians made frequent plundering raids upon 
the settlers, and murdered several families. In 1861, several companies of 
militia were ordered to that portion of the State to hunt down and punish the 
murderous thieves. No battles were fought, however, for the Indians fled 
when they ascertained that systematic and adequate measures had been adopted 
to protect the settlers. 

" The year 1856 marked a new era in the history of Iowa. In 1854, the 
Chicago & Rock Island Railroad had been completed to the east bank of the 
Mississippi River, opposite Davenport. In 1854, the corner stone of a railroad 
bridge, that was to be the first to span the "Father of Waters," was laid with 
appropriate ceremonies at this point. St. Louis had resolved that the enter- 
prise was unconstitutional, and by writs of injunction made an unsuccessful 
effort to prevent its completion. Twenty years later in her history, St. Louis 
repented her folly, and made atonement for her sin by imitating our example. 
On the 1st day of January, 1856, this railroad Avas completed to Iowa City. 
In the meantime, two other railroads had reached the east bank of the Missis- 
sippi — one opposite Burlington, and one opposite Dubuque — and these were 
being extended into the interior of the State. Indeed, four lines of railroad 
had been projected across the State from the Mississippi to the Missouri, hav- 
ing eastern connections. On the 15th of May, 1856, the Congress of the 
United States passed an act granting to the State, to aid in the construction of 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



185 



railroads, the public lands in alternate sections, six miles on either side of the 
proposed lines. An extra session of the General Assembly was called in July 
of this year, that disposed of the grant to the several companies that proposed 
to complete these enterprises. The population of our State at this time had 
increased to 500,000. Public attention had been called to the necessity of a 
railroad across the continent. The position of Iowa, in the very heart and 
center of the Republic, on the route of this great highway across the continent, 
began to attract attention Cities and towns sprang up through the State as 
if by magic. Capital began to pour into the State, and had it been employed 
in developing our vast coal measures and establishing manufactories among us, 
or if it had been expended in improving our lands, and building houses and 
barns, it would have been well. But all were in haste to get rich, and the 
spirit of speculation ruled the hour. 

" In the meantime, every effort was made to help the speedy completion of 
the railroads. Nearly every county and city on the Mississippi, and many in 
the interior, voted large corporate subscriptions to the stock of the radroad 
companies, and issued their negotiable bonds for the amount." Thus enormous 
county and city debts were incurred, the payment of Avhich these municipalities 
tried to avoid upon the plea that they had exceeded the constitutional limit- 
ation of their powers. The Supreme Court of the United States held these 
bonds to be valid ; and the courts by mandamus compelled the city and county 
authorities to levy taxes to pay the judgments. These debts are not all paid 
even yet, but the worst is over and ultimately the burden will be entirely 
removed 

The first railroad across the State was completed to Council Bluffs in Jan- 
uary, 1871. The others were completed soon after. In 1854, there was. not 
a mile of railroad in the State. In 1874, twenty years after, there were 3,765 
miles in successful operation. 

GROWTH AND PROGRESS. 

When Wisconsin Territory was organized, in 1836, the entire population of 
that portion of the Territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was 10.531. 
The Territory then embraced two counties, Dubuque and Des Moines, erected 
by the Territory of Michigan, in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, the Territorial 
Legislature of Wisconsin increased the number of counties to sixteen, and the 
population had increased to 22,859. Since then, the counties have increased 
to ninety-nine, and the population, in 1875, was 1,366,000. The following 
table will show the population at different periods since the erection of Iowa 
Territory : 



Year. Population. 

1838 22,589 

1840 43,115 

1844 75,152 

1846 97,588 

1847 116,651 

1849 152,988 

1850 191,982 

1851 204,774 



Tear. Population. 

1852 23(7,713 

1854 326,013 

1856 519.055 

1859 638,775 

I860 674,913 

1863 701,732 

1865 754,699 



Year. Population. 

1869 1,040,819 

1870 1,191,727 

1873 1,251,333 

1875 1,366,000 

1876 

1877 



1867 902,040 

The most populous county in the State is Dubuque. Not only in popula,- 
tion, but in everything contributing to the growth and greatness of a State has 
Iowa made rapid progress. In a little more than thirty years, its wild but 
beautiful prairies have advanced from the home of the savage to a highly civ- 
ilized commonwealth, embracing all the elements of progress which characterize 
the older States. 



186 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Thriving cities and towns dot its fair surface ; an iron net-work of thou- 
sands of miles of railroads is woven over its broad acres ; ten thousand school 
houses, in which more than five hundred thousand children are being taught 
the rudiments of education, testify to the culture and liberality of the people; 
high schools, colleges and universities are generously endowed by the State ; 
manufactories spring up on all her water courses, and in most of her cities 
and towns. 

Whether measured from the date of her first settlement, her organization as 
a Territory or admission as a State, Iowa has thus far shown a growth unsur- 
passed, in a similar period, by any commonwealth on the face of the earth ; 
and, with her vast extent of fertile soil, with her inexhaustible treasures of 
mineral wealth, with a healthful, invigorating climate ; an intelligent, liberty- 
loving people; with equal, just and liberal laws, and her free schools, the 
future of Iowa may be expected to surpass the most hopeful anticipations of her 
present citizens. 

Looking upon Iowa as she is to-day — populous, prosperous and happy — it 
is hard to realize the wonderful changes that have occurred since the first white 
settlements were made within her borders. When the number of States was 
only twenty-six, and their total population about twenty millions, our repub- 
lican form of government was hardly more than an experiment, just fiiirly put 
upon trial. The development of our agricultural resources and inexhaustible 
mineral wealth had hardly commenced. Westward the " Star of Empire " 
had scarcely started on its way. West of the great Mississippi was a mighty 
empire, but almost unknown, and marked on the maps of the period as " The 
Great American Desert." 

Now, thirty-eight stars glitter on our national escutcheon, and forty-five 
millions of people, who know their rights and dare maintain them, tread 
American soil, and the grand sisterhood of States extends from the Gulf of 
Mexico to the Canadian border, and from the rocky coast of the Atlantic to 
the golden shores of the Pacific. 



THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM. 

Ames, Story County. 

The Iowa, State Agricultural College and Farm were established by au act 
of the General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. A Board of Trustees was 
appointed, consisting of Governor R. P. Lowe, John D. Wright, William Duane 
Wilson, M. W. Robinson, Timothy Day, Richard Gaines, John Pattee, G. W. 
F. Sherwin, Suel Foster, S. W. Henderson, Clement Cofiin and E. G. Day ; 
the Governors of the State and President of the College being ex officio mem- 
bers. Subsequently the number of Trustees was reduced to five. The Board 
met in June, 1859, and received propositions for the location of the College and 
Farm from Hardin, Polk, Story and Boone, Marshall, Jeft'erson and Tama 
Counties. In July, the proposition of Story County and some of its citizens 
and by the citizens of Boone County was accepted, and the farm and the site 
for the buildings were located. In 1860-61, the farm-house and barn were 
erected. In 1862, Congress granted to the State 240,000 acres of land for the 
endowment of schools of agriculture and the mechanical arts, and 195,000 acres 
were located by Peter Melendy, Commissioner, in 1862-3. George W. Bassett 
was appointed Land Agent for the institution. In 1864, the General Assem- 
bly appropriated $20,000 for the erection of the college building. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 18T 

In June of that year, the Building Committee, consisting of Suel Foster, 
Peter Melendy and A. J. Bronson, proceeded to let the contract. John Browne, 
of Des Moines, was employed as architect, and furnished the plans of the build- 
ing, but was superseded in its construction by C. A. Dunham. The $20,000 
appropriated by the General Assembly were expended in putting in the foun- 
dations and making the brick for the structure. An additional appropriation 
of $91,000 was made in 1866, and the building was completed in 1868. 

Tuition m this college is made by law forever free to pupils from the State 
over sixteen years of age, who have been resident of the State six months pre- 
vious to their admission. Each county in the State has a prior right of tuition 
for three scholars from each county ; the remainder, equal to the capacity of the 
college, are by the Trustees distributed among the counties in proportion to the 
population, and subject to the above rule. All sale of ardent spirits, wine or 
beer are prohibited by law within a distance of three miles from the college, 
except for sacramental, mechanical or medical purposes. 

The course of instruction in the Agricultural College embraces the following 
branches: Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Botany, Horticulture, Fruit Growing, 
Forestry, Animal and Vegetable Anatomy, Geology, Mineralogy, Meteorology, 
Entomology, Zoology, the Veterinary Art, Plane Mensuration, Leveling, Sur- 
veying, Bookkeeping, and such Mechanical Arts as are directly connected 
with agriculture ; also such other studies as the Trustees may from time to time 
prescribe, not inconsistent with the purposes of the institution. 

The funds arising from the lease and sale of lands and interest on invest- 
ments are sufficient for the support of the institution. Several College Societies 
are maintained among the students, who publish a monthly paper. There is 
also an " out-law " called the " ATA^ Chapter Omega." 

The Board of Trustees in 1877 was composed of C. W. Warden, Ottumwa, 
Chairman ; Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa City ; William B. Treadway, 
Sioux City ; Buel Sherman, Fredericksburg, and Laurel Summers, Le Claire. 
E. W. Starten, Secretary ; William D. Lucas, Treasurer. 

Board of Instruction. — A. S. Welch, LL. D., President and Professor of 
Psychology and Philosophy of Science ; Gen. J. L. Geddes, Professor of jNlili- 
tary Tactics and Engineering; W. H. Wynn, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of 
English Literature; C. E. Bessey, M. S., Professor of Botany, Zoology, Ento- 
mology ; A. Thompson, G. E., Mechanical Engineering and Superintendent of 
Workshops; F. E. L. Beal, B. S., Civil Engineering; T. E. Pope, A. M., 
Chemistry; M. Stalker, Agricultural and Veterinary Science; J. L. Budd, 
Horticulture ; J. K. Macomber, Physics ; E. W. Stanton, Mathematics and 
Political Economy ; Mrs. Margaret P. Stanton, Preceptress, Instructor in 
French and Mathematics. 

THE STATE UNIVERSITY. 

Iowa City, Johnson County. 

In the famous Ordinance of 1787, enacted by Congress before the Territory 
of the United States extended beyond the Mississippi River, it was declared 
that in all the territory northwest of the Ohio River, " Schools and the means 
of education shall forever be encouraged." By act of Congress, approved July 
20, 1840, the Secretary of the Treasury was authorized "to set apart and re- 
serve from sale, out of any of the public lands within the Territory of Iowa, to 
which the Indian title has been or may be extinguished, and not otherwise ap- 
propriated, a quantity of land, not exceeding the entire townships, for the use 



188 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and support of a university within said Territorry when it becomes a State, and 
for no other use or purpose whatever ; to be located in tracts of not less than an 
entire section, corresponding with any of the large divisions into which the pub- 
lic land are authorized to be surveyed." 

William W. Dodge, of Scott County, was appointed by the Secretary of the 
Treasury to make the selections. He selected Section 5 in Township 78, north 
■of Range 3, east of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and then removed from the 
Territory. No more lands were selected until 1846, when, at the request of the 
Assembly, John M. Whitaker of Van Buren County, was appointed, who selected 
the remainder of the grant except about 122 acres. 

In the first Constitution, under which Iowa was admitted to the Union, the 
people directed the disposition of the proceeds of this munificent grant in ac- 
cordance with its terms, and instructed the General Assembly to provide, as soon 
as may be, effectual means for the improvement and permanent security of the 
funds of the university derived from the lands. 

The first General Assembly, by act approved February 25, 1847, established 
the " State University of Iowa " at Iowa City, then the capital of the State, 
"with such other branches as public convenience may hereafter require." 
The " public buildings at Iowa City, together with the ten acres of land in which 
they are situated," were granted for the use of said university, -provided, how- 
ever, that the sessions of the Legislature and State offices should be held in the 
■capitol until otherwise provided by law. The control and management of the 
University w^ere committed to a board of fifteen Trustees, to be appointed by the 
Legislature, five of whom were to be chosen bienially. The Superintendent 
of Public Instruction was made President of this Board. Provisions were made 
for the disposal of the two townships of land, and for the investment of the funds 
arising therefrom. The act further provides that the University shall never be 
under the exclusive control of any religious denomination whatever," and as 
soon as the revenue for the grant and donations amounts to $2,000 a year, the 
University should commence and continue the instruction, free of charge, of fifty 
students annually. The General Assembly retained full supervision over the 
University, its officers and the grants and donations made and to be made to it 
by the State. 

Section 5 of the act appointed James P. Carleton, H. D. Downey, Thomas 
Snyder, Samuel McCrory, Curtis Bates, Silas Foster, E. C. Lyon, James H. 
Gower, George G. Vincent, Wm. G. Woodward, 'Theodore S. Parvin, George 
Atchinson, S. G. Matson, H. W. Starr and Ansel Briggs, the first Board of 
Trustees. 

The organization of the University at Iowa City was impracticable, how- 
ever, so long as the seat of government was retained there. 

In January, 1849, two branches of the University and three Normal 
Schools were established. The branches were located — one at Fairfield, and 
the other at Dubuque, and were placed upon an equal footing, in respect to 
funds and all other matters, with the University established at Iowa City. 
"This act," says Col. Benton, "created three State Universities, with equal 
fights and powers, instead of a 'University with such branches as public conven- 
ience may hereafter demand,' as provided by the Constitution." 

The Board of Directors of the Fairfield Branch consisted of Barnet Ris- 
tine, Christian W. Slagle, Daniel Rider, Horace Gaylord, Bernhart Henn and 
Samuel S. Bayard. At the first meeting of the Board, Mr. Henn was elected 
President, Mr. Slagle Secretary, and Mr. Gaylord Treasurer. Twenty acres 
of land were purchased, and a building erected thereon, costing $2,500. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 189 

This building was nearly destroyed by a hurricane, in 1850, but was rebuilt 
more substantially, all by contributions of the citizens of Fairfield. This 
branch never received any aid from the State or from the University Fund, 
and by act approved January 24, 1853, at the request of the Board, the Gen- 
eral Assembly terminated its relation to the State. 

The branch at Dubuque was placed under the control of the Superintendent 
of Public Instruction, and John King, Caleb H. Booth, James M. Emerson, 
Michael J. Sullivan, Richard Benson and the Governor of the State as 
Trustees. The Trustees never organized, and its existence was only nominal. 

The Normal Schools were located at Andrew, Oskaloosa and Mount 
Pleasant, respectively. Each was to be governed by a board of seven Trustees, to 
be appointed by the Trustees of the University. Each was to receive $500 annu- 
ally from the income of the University Fund, upon condition that they should ed- 
ucate eight common school teachers, free of charge for tuition, and that the citizens 
should contribute an equal sum for the erection of the requisite buildings. 
The several Boards of Trustees were appointed. At Andrew, the school was 
organized Nov. 21, 1849; Samuel Ray, Principal; Miss J. S. Dorr, Assist- 
ant. A building was commenced and over $1,000 expended on it, but it was 
never completed. At Oskaloosa, the Trustees organized in April, 1852. This 
school was opened in the Court House, September 13, 1852, under the charge 
of Prof. G. M. Drake and wife. A two story brick building was completed in 
1853, costing $2,473. The school at Mount Pleasant was never organized. 
Neither of these schools received any aid from the University Fund, but in 
1857 the Legislature appropriated $1,000 each for those at Oskaloosa and 
Andrew, and repealed the law authorizing the payment of money to them from 
the University Fund. From that time they made no further effort to 
continue in operation. 

At a special meeting of the Board of Trustees, held February 21, 1850, 
the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Upper Mississippi," established 
at Davenport, was recognized as the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
the State University of Iowa," expressly stipulating, however, that such recog- 
nition should not render the University liable for any pecuniary aid, nor was 
the Board to have any control over the property or management of the Medical 
Association. Soon after, this College was removed to Keokuk, its second ses- 
sion being opened there in November, 1850. In 1851, the General Assembly 
confirmed the action of the Board, and by act approved January 22, 1855, 
placed the Medical College under the supervision of the Board of Trustees of 
the University, and it continued in operation until this arrangement was termi- 
nated by the new Constitution, September 3, 1857. 

From 1847 to 1855, the Board of Trustees was kept full by regular elec- 
tions by the Legislature, and the Trustees held frequent meetings, but there was 
no effectual organization of the University. In March, 1855, it was partially 
opened for a term of sixteen weeks. July 16, 1855, Amos Dean, of Albany, 
N. Y,, Avas elected President, but he never entered fully upon its duties. The 
University was again opened in September, 1855, and continued in operation 
until June, 1856, under Professors Johnson, Welton, Van Valkenburg and 
Guffin. 

In the Spring of 1856, the capital of the State was located at Des Moines; 
but there were no buildings there, and the capitol at Iowa City was not vacated 
by the State until December, 1857. 

In June, 1856, the faculty was re-organized, with some changes, and the 
University was again opened on the third Wednesday of September, 1856. 



190 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOAVA. 

There were one hundred and twenty-four students — eighty-three males and 
forty-one females — in attendance during the year 1856-7, and the first regular 
catalogue was published. 

At a special meeting of the Board, September 22, 1857, the honorary de- 
gree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred on D. Franklin Wells. This was the 
first degree conferred by the Board. 

Article IX, Section 11, of the new State Constitution, which went into force 
September 3, 1857, provided as follows : 

The State TJniversity shall be established at one place, without branches at any other place ; 
and the University fund shall be applied to that institution, and no other. 

Article XI, Section 8, provided that 

The seat of Government is hereby permanently established, as now fixed by law, at the city 
of Des Moines, in the county of Polk ; and the State University at Iowa City, in the county of 
Johnson. 

The new Constitution created the Board of Education, consisting of the 
Lieutenant Governor, who was ex officio President, and one member to be elected 
from each judicial district in the State. This Board was endowed with 
" full power and authority to legislate and make all needful rules and regula- 
tions in relation to common schools and other educational institutions," subject 
to alteration, amendment or repeal by the General Assembly, which was vested 
with authority to abolish or re-organize the Board at any time after 1863. 

In December, 1857, the old capitol building, now known as Central Hall of 
the University, except the rooms occupied by the United States District Court, 
and the property, with that exception, passed under the control of the Trustees,. 
and became the seat of the University. The old building had had hard usage, 
and its arrangement was illy adapted for University purposes. Extensive i-epairs 
and changes were necessary, but the Board was without funds for these pur- 
poses. 

The last meeting of the Board, under the old law, was held in January, 
1858. At this meeting, a resolution was introduced, and seriously considered, 
to exclude females from the University ; but it finally failed. 

March 12, 1858, the first Legislature under the new Constitution enacted 
a new law in relation to the University, but it was not materially different from 
the former. March 11, 1858, the Legislature appropriated $3,000 for the re- 
pair and modification of the old capitol building, and $10,000 for the erection 
of a boarding house, now knoAvn as South Hall. 

The Board of Trustees created by the new law met and duly organized 
April 27, 1858, and determined to close the University until the income from its- 
fund should be adequate to meet the current expenses, and the buildings should 
be ready for occupation. Until this term, the building known as the " Mechan- 
ics' Academy" had been used for the school. The Faculty, except the Chan- 
cellor (Dean), was dismissed, and all farther instruction suspended, from the close 
of the term then in progress until September, 1859. At this meeting, a reso- 
lution was adopted excluding females from the University after the close of the 
existing term ; but this was afterward, in August, modified, so as to admit them 
to the Normal Department. 

At the meeting of the Board, August 4, 1858, the degree of Bachelor of 
Science was conferred upon Dexter Edson Smith, being the first degree con- 
ferred upon a student of the University. Diplomas were awarded to the mem- 
bers of the first graduating class of the Normal Department as follows : Levi 
P. Aylworth, Cellina H. Aylworth, Elizabeth L. Humphrey, Annie A. Pinney 
and Sylvia M. Thompson. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 191 

An "Act for the Government and Regulation of the State University of 
Iowa," approved December 25, 1858, was mainly a re-enactment of the law of 
March 12, 1858, except that changes were made in the Board of Trustees, and 
manner of their appointment. This law provided that both sexes were to be 
admitted on equal terms to all departments of the institution, leaving the Board 
no discretion in the matter. 

The new Board met and organized, February 2, 1859, and decided to con- 
tinue the Normal Department only to the end of the current term, and that it 
was unwise to re-open the University at that time ; but at the annual meeting 
of the Board, in June of the same year, it was resolved to continue the Normal 
Department in operation ; and at a special meetmg, October 25, 1859, it was 
decided to re-open the University in September, 1860. Mr. Dean had resigned 
as Chancellor prior to this meeting, and Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D., was elected 
President, at a salary of $2,000, and his term commenced June, 1860. 

At the annual meeting, June 28, 1860, a full Faculty was appointed, and 
the University re-opened, under this new organization, September 19, 1860 
(third Wednesday) ; and at this date the actual existence of the University may 
be said to commence. 

August 19, 1862, Dr. Totten having resigned, Prof Oliver M. Spencer 
was elected President and the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred 
upon Judge Samuel F. Miller, of Keokuk. 

At the commencement, in June, 1863, was the first class of graduates in 
the Collegiate Department. 

The Board of Education was abolished March 19, 1864, and the office of 
Superintendent of Public Instruction* was restored ; the General Assembly 
resumed control of the subject of education, and on March 21, an act was ap- 
proved for the government of the University. It was substantially the same as 
the former law, but provided that the Governor should be ex officio President of 
the Board of Trustees. Until 1858, the Superintendent of Public Instruction 
had been ex officio President. During the period of the Board of Education, 
the University Trustees were elected by it, and elected their own President. 

President Spencer was granted leave of absence from April 10, 1866, for 
fifteen months, to visit Europe; and Prof. Nathan B. Leonard was elected 
President ji??*o tern. 

The North Hall was completed late in 1866. 

At the annual meeting in June, 1867, the resignation of President Spencer 
(absent in Europe) was accepted, and Prof. Leonard continued as President ^jro 
tern., until March 4, 1868, when James Black, D. D., Vice President of Wash- 
ington and Jefferson College, Penn., was elected President. Dr. Black entered 
upon his duties in September, 1868. 

The Law Department was established in June, 1868, and, in September fol- 
lowing, an arrangement was perfected with the Iowa Law School, at Des Moines, 
which had been in successful operation for three years, under the management 
of Messrs. George G. Wright, Chester C. Cole and William G. Hammond, by 
which that institution was transferred to Iowa City and merged in the Law De- 
partment of the University. The Faculty of this department consisted of the 
President of the University, Hon. Wm. G. Hammond, Resident Professor and 
Principal of the Department, and Professors G. G. Wright and C. C. Cole. 

Nine students entered at the commencement of the first term, and during 
the year ending June, 1877, there were 103 students in this department. 

At a special meeting of the Board, on the 17th of September, 1868, a Com- 
mittee Avas appointed to consider the expediency of establishing a Medical De- 



192 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

partment. This Committee reported at once in favor of the proposition, the 
Faculty to consist of the President of the University and seven Professors, and 
recommended that, if practicable, the new department should be opened at the 
commencement of the University year, in 1869-70. At this meeting, Hon. 
Ezekiel Clark was elected Treasurer of the University. 

By an act of the General Assembly, approved April 11, 1870, the "Board 
of Regents " was instituted as the governing power of the University, and since 
that time it has been the fundamental law of the institution. The Board of 
Regents held its first meeting June 28, 1870. Wm. J. Haddock was elected 
Secretary, and Mr. Clark, Treasurer. 

Dr. Black tendered his resignation as President, at a special meeting of the 
Board, held August 18, 1870, to take eflfect on the 1st of December following. 
His resignation was accepted. 

The South Hall having been fitted up for the purpose, the first term of the 
Medical Department was opened October 24, 1870, and continued until March, 
1871, at which time there were three graduates and thirty-nine students. 

March 1, 1871, Rev. George Thacher was elected President of the Univer- 
sity. Mr. Thacher accepted, entered upon his duties April 1st, and was form- 
ally inaugurated at the annual meeting in June, 1861. 

In June, 1874, the " Chair of Military Instruction" was established, and 
the President of the United States was requested to detail an officer to perform 
its duties. In compliance with this request, Lieut. A. D. Schenck, Second Artil- 
lery, U. S. A., Avas detailed as "Professor of Military Science and Tactics," 
at Iowa State University, by order of the War Department, August 26, 1874, 
who reporte^ for duty on the 10th of September following. Lieut. Schenck 
was relieved by Lieut. James Chester, Third Artillery, January 1, 1877. 

Treasurer Clark resigned November 3, 1875, and John N. Coldren elected 
in his stead. 

At the annual meeting, in 1876, a Department of Homoeopathy was 
established. 

In March, 1877, a resolution was adopted affiliating the High Schools of 
the State with the University. 

In June, 1877, Dr. Thacher's connection with the University was termi- 
nated, and C. W. Slagle, a member of the Board of Regents, was elected Pres- 
ident. 

In 1*872, the ex officio membership of the Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion was abolished ; but it was restored in 1876. Following is a catalogue of 
the officers of this important institution, from 1847 to 1878 : 

TRUSTEES OR REGENTS. 

PRESIDENTS. 

FROM TO 

James Harlan, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1847 1848 

Thomas H. Benton, Jr,, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1848 1854 

James D. Eads, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1854 1857 

Maturin L. Fisher, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1857 1858 

Amos Dean, Chancellor, ex officio 1858 1859 

Thomas H. Benton, Jr 1859 1863 

Francis Springer , 1863 1864 

William M. Stone, Governor, ex officio 1864 1868 

Samuel Merrill, Governor, ex officio 1868 1872 

Cyrus C. Carpenter, Governor, ex officio 1872 1876 

Samuel J. Kirkvi^ood, Governor, ex officio , 1S76 1877 

Joshua G. Newbold, Governor, ex officio 1877 1878 

John H. Gear * 1878 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 19S 

VICE PRESIDENTS. y^OM TO 

Silas Foster 1847 1851 

Robert Lucas 1851 1853 

Edward Connelly I854 1855 

Moses J. Morsman 1855 1858 

SECRETARIES. 

Hugh D. Downey I847 1851 

Anson Hart 1851 1857 

Elijah Sells I857 1858 

Anson Hart 1858 1864 

William J. Haddock 1864 

TREASURERS. 

Morgan Reno, State Treasurer, ex officio 1847 1850 

Israel Kister, State Treasurer, ex officio 1850 1852 

Martin L. Morris, State Treasurer, ex officio 1852 1855 

Henry W. Lathrop [[[[[[] I855 1862 

William Crura 1862 1868 

Ezekiel Clark 1868 1876 

John N. Coldren 1876 

PRESIDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 

Amos Dean, LL. D I855 1858 

Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D I860 1862 

Oliver M. Spencer, D. D.* i862 1867 

James Black, D. D 1868 1870 

George Thacher, D. D 1871 1877 

C. W. Slagle '.'.".".'.'.'."'.*.'.".'.'.".'.'.'.'.'." 1877 

The present educational corps of the University consists of the President, 
nine Professors in the Collegiate Department, one Professor and six Instructors 
in Military Science ; Chancellor, three Professors and four Lecturers in the 
Law Department ; eight Professor Demonstrators of Anatomy ; Prosector of 
Surgery and two Lecturers in the Medical Department, and two Professors in 
the Homoeopathic Medical Department. 

STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

By act of the General Assembly, approved January 28, 1857, a State His- 
torical Society was provided for in connection with the University. At the 
commencement, an appropriation of |250 was made, to be expended in collecting, 
embodying, and preserving in an authentic form a library of books, pamphlets, 
charts, maps, manuscripts, papers, paintings, statuary, and other materials illus- 
trative of the history of Iowa; and with the further object to rescue from 
oblivion the memory of the early pioneers; to obtain and preserve various 
accounts of their exploits, perils and hardy adventures ; to secure facts and 
statements relative to the history and genius, and progress and decay of the 
Indian tribes of Iowa ; to exhibit faithfully the antiquities and past and present 
resources of the State ; to aid in the publication of such collections of the Society 
as shall from time to time be deemed of value and interest ; to aid in binding 
its books, pamphlets, manuscripts and papers, and in defraying other necessary 
incidental expenses of the Society. 

There was appropriated by law to this institution, till the General Assembly 
shall otherwise direct, the sum of $500 per annum. The Society is under the 
management of a Board of Curators, consisting of eighteen persons, nine of 
whom are appointed by the Governor, and nine elected by the members of the 
Society. The Curators receive no compensation for their services. The annual 



194 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

meeting is provided for by law, to be held at Iowa City on Monday preceding 
the last Wednesday in June of each year. 

The State Historical Society has published a series of very valuable collec- 
tions, including history, biography, sketches, reminiscences, etc., with quite a 
large number of finely engraved portraits of prominent and early settlers, under 
the title of " Annals of Iowa." 



THE PENITENTIARY. 

Located at Fort Madison, Lee County. 

The first act of the Territorial Legislature, relating to a Penitentiary in 
Iowa, was approved January 25, 1839, the fifth section of which authorized the 
Oovernor to draw the sum of $20,000 appropriated by an act of Congress ap- 
proved July 7, 1838, for public buildings in the Territory of Iowa. It provided 
for a Board of Directors of three persons elected by the Legislature, who should 
direct the building of the Penitentiary, which should be located within one mile 
of the public square, in the town of Fort Madison, Lee County, provided Fort 
Madison should deed to the directors a tract of land suitable for a site, and assign 
them, by contract, a spring or stream of water for the use of the Penitentiary. 
To the Directors Avas also given the power of appointing the Warden ; the latter 
to appoint his own assistants. 

The first Directors appointed were John S. David and John Claypole. They 
made their first report to the Legislative Council November 9, 1839. The citi- 
zens of the town of Fort Madison had executed a deed conveying ten acres of 
land for the building site. Amos Ladd was appointed Superintendent of the 
building June 5, 1839. The building was designed of sufiicient capacity to con- 
tain one hundred and thirty-eight convicts, and estimated to cost ^55,933.90. 
It was begun on the 9th of July, 1839 ; the main building and Warden's house 
were completed in the Fall of 1841. Other additions were made from time to 
time till the building and arrangements were all complete according to the plan 
of the Directors. It has answered the purpose of the State as a Penitentiary 
for more than thirty years, and during that period many items of practical ex- 
perience in prison management have been gained. 

It has long been a problem how to conduct prisons, and deal with what are 
called the criminal classes generally, so as to secure their best good and best 
subserve the interests of the State. Both objects must be taken into considera- 
tion in any humaritarian view of the subject. This problem is not yet solved, 
but Iowa has adopted the progressive and enlightened policy of humane treat- 
ment of prisoners and the utilization of their labor for their own support. The 
labor of the convicts in the Iowa Penitentiary, as in most others in the United 
States, is let out to contractors, who pay the State a certain stipulated amount 
therefor, the State furnishing the shops, tools and machinery, as well as the 
supervision necessary to preserve order and discipline in the prison. 

While this is an improvement upon the old solitary confinement system, it 
still falls short of an enlightened reformatory system that in the future will 
treat the criminal for mental disease and endeavor to restore him to usefulness 
in the community. The objections urged against the contract system of dis- 
posing of the labor of prisoners, that it brings the labor of honest citizens into 
competition with convict labor at reduced prices, and is disadvantageous to the 
State, are not without force, and the system will have no place in the prisons of 
the future. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 195 

It is right that the convict should labor. He should not be allowed to live 
in idleness at public expense. Honest men labor ; why should not they? Hon- 
est men are entitled to the fruits of their toil ; why should not the convict as 
well ? The convict is sent to the Penitentiary to secure public safety. The 
State deprives him of his liberty to accomplish this purpose and to punish him 
for violations of law, but, having done this, the State wrongs both itself and the 
criminal by confiscating his earnings ; because it deprives his family of what 
justly belongs to them, and an enlightened civilization will ere long demand 
that the prisoner in the penitentiary, after paying a fair price for his board, is 
as justly entitled to his net earnings as the good citizen outside its walls, and 
his family, if he has one, should be entitled to draw his earnings or stated portion 
of them at stated periods. If he has no family, then if his net earnings should 
be set aside to his credit and paid over to him at the expiration of his term of 
imprisonment, he would notbe turned out upon the cold charities of a somewhat 
Pharisaical world, penniless, with the brand of the convict upon his brow, with 
no resource save to sink still deeper in crime. Let Iowa, " The Beautiful Land," 
be first to recognize the rights of its convicts to the fruits of their labor ; keep 
their children from the alms-house, and place a powerful incentive before them 
to become good citizens when they return to the busy world again. 



ADDITIONAL PENITENTIARY. 

Located at Anamosa, Jones County. 

By an act of the Fourteenth General Assembly, approved April 23, 1872, 
William Ure, Foster L. Downing and Martin Heisey were constituted Commis- 
sioners to locate and provide for the erection and control of an additional 
Penitentiary for the State of Iowa. These Commissioners met on the 4th of 
the following June, at Anamosa, Jones County, and selected a site donated by 
the citizens, within the limits of the city. L. W. Foster & Co., architects, of 
Des Moines, furnished the plan, drawings and specifications, and work was 
commenced on the building on the 28th day of September, 1872. May 13, 
1873, twenty convicts were transferred to Anamosa from the Fort Madison 
Penitentiary. The entire enclosure includes fifteen acres, with a frontage of 
663 feet. 

IOWA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 

Mount Pleasant, Henry County. 

By an act of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 24, 1855, 
$4,425 were appropriated for the purchase of a site, and $50,000 for building 
an Insane Hospital, and the Governor (Grimes), Edward Johnston, of Lee 
County, and Charles S. Blake, of Henry County, were appointed to locate the 
institution and superintend the erection of the building. These Commission- 
ers located the institution at Mt. Pleasant, Henry County. A plan for a 
building designed to accommodate 300 patients, drawn by Dr. Bell, of Massa- 
chusetts, was accepted, and in October work was commenced under the superin- 
tendence of Mr. Henry Winslow. Up to February 25, 1858, and including an 
appropriation made on that date, the Legislature had appropriated $258,555.67 
to this institution, but the building was not finished ready for occupancy by 
patients until March 1, 1861. The Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Presi- 
dent, Farmersburg; Samuel McFarland, Secretary, Mt. Pleasant; D. L. 



196 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

McGudn, Keokuk; G. W. Kincaid, Muscatine; J. D. Elbert, Keosauqua ; 
John B. Lash and Harpin Riggs, Mt. Pleasant. Richard J. Patterson, M. D., 
of Ohio, -was elected Superintendent; Dwight C. Dewey, M. D., Assistant 
PliYsioian; Henry Winslow, Steward; Mrs. Catharine Winslow, Matron. 
The Hospital was formally opened March G, 1861, and one hundred patients 
were admitted within three months. About 1865, Dr. Mark Ranney became 
Superintendent. April 18, 1876, a portion of the hospital building Avas 
destroyed by fire. From the opening of the Hospital to the close of October, 
1877, 3,584 patients had been admitted. Of these, 1,141 were discharged 
recovered, 505 discharged improved, 589 discharged unimproved, and 1 died ; 
total discharged, 2,976, leaving 608 inmates. During this period, there were 
1,384 females admitted, whose occupation was registered "domestic duties ;" 
1'2'2, no occupation; '25, female teachers; 11, seamstresses; and 25, servants. 
Among the males were 916 farmers, 394 laborers, 205 without occupation, 39 
cabinet makers, 23 brewers, 31 clerks, 26 merchants, 12 preachers, 18 shoe- 
makers, 13 students. 14 tailors, 13 teachers, 14 agents, 17 masons, 7 lawyers, 
7 physicians, 4 saloon keepers, 3 salesmen, 2 artists, and 1 editor. The pro- 
ducts of the farm and garden, in 1876, amounted to iJ^13,721.26. 

Trustees, ZcST/.'—T. Whiting, President, Mt. Pleasant; Mrs. E. M. Elliott, 
Secretary, Mt. Pleasant; William C. Evans, West Liberty; L. E. Fellows, 
Lansing ; and Samuel Klein, Keokuk ; Treasurer, M. Edwards, Mt. Pleasant. 

Besident Officers: — Mark Ranney, M. D., Medical Superintendent; H. M. 
Bassett, M, D..* First Assistant Physician; M. Riordan, M. D., Second Assistant 
Physician; Jennie McCowen, M. D., Third Assistant Physician ; J. W. Hender- 
son, Steward ; Mrs. Martha W. Ranney, Matron ; Rev. Milton Sutton, 
Chaplain. 

HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 

IndejH'ndenee, BucJianan Counti/. 

In the Winter of 1867-8, a bill providing for an additional Hospital for the 
Insane was passed by the Legislature, and an appropriation cf §125,000 was 
made for that purpose. Maturin L. Fisher, of Clayton County ; E. G. Morgan, 
of Webster County, and Albert Clark, of Buchanan County, were appointed 
Commissioners to locate and supervise the erection of the Building. Mr. Clark 
died about a year after his appointment, and Hon. G. W . Bemis, of Indepen- 
dence, was appointed to fill the vacancy. 

The Commissioners met and commenced their labors on the 8th day of 
June, 1868, at Independence. The act under which they were appointed 
required them to select the most eligible and desirable location, of not less than 
320 acres. Avithin two miles of the city of Independence, that might be offered 
by the citizens free of charge to the State. Several such tracts Avere ofiered, 
but the Commissioners finally selected the south half of soutliAvest quarter o1 
Section 5 ; the north half of northeast quarter of Section 7 ; the north half of 
nortliAvest quarter of Section 8, and the north half of northeast quarter of Sec- 
tion 8, all in ToAA'nship 88 north. Range 9 Avest of the Fifth Principal Meridian. 
This location is on the Avest side of the Wapsipinicon River, and about a mile 
from its banks, and about the same distance from Independence. 

Col. S. Y. Shipman, of Madison, Wis., Avas emploved to prepare plans, 
specifications and draAvings of the building, Avhich, Avhen completed, Avere sub- 
mitted to Dr. M. Ranney, Superintendent of the Hospital at Mount Pleasant. 
Avho suggested several improvements. The contract for erecting the building 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 197 

was awarded to Mr. David Armstrong;, of Dubuque, for |88,114. The con- 
tract was signed November 7, 1868, and Mr. Armstrong at once commenced 
work. Mr. George Josselyn was appointed to superintend the work. The 
main buihlings were constructed of dressed limestone, from the quarries at 
Anamosa and Farley. The basements are of the local granite worked from the 
immense boulders found in large quantities in this portion of the State. 

In 1872, the buihling was so liir completed that the Commissioners called 
the first meeting of the Trustees, on the 10th day of July of that year. These 
Trustees Avere Maturin L. Fisher, Mrs. P. A. Appleman, T. W. Fawcett, C. / 
C. Parker, E. G. Morgan, George W. Bemis and John M. Boggs. This board 
was organized, on the day above mentioned, by the election of Hon. M. L. 
Fisher, President ; Rev. J. G. Boggs, Secretary, and George W. Bemis, Treas- 
urer, and, after adopting preliminary measures for organizing the local govern- 
ment of the hospital, adjourned to the first Wednesday of the following Septem- 
ber. A few days before this meeting, Mr. Boggs died of malignant fever, 
and Dr. John G. House was appointed to fill the vacancy. Dr. House was 
elected Secretary. At this meeting, Albert Reynolds, M. D., was elected 
Superintendent ; George Josselyn, Steward, and Mrs. Anna B. Josselyn, 
Matron. September 4, 1873, Dr. Willis Butterfield was elected Assistant 
Physician. The building was ready for occupancy April 21, 1873, 

In the Spring of 1876, a contract was made with Messrs. Mackay & Lundy, 
of Independence, for furnishing materials for building the outside walls of the 
two first sections of the south wing, next to the ctnter ^building, for $6,250. 
The carpenter work on the fourth and fifth stories of the center building was 
completed during the same year, and the wards were furnished and occupied by 
patients in the Fall. 

In 1877, the south wing was built, but it will not be completed ready for 
occupancy until next Spring or Summer (1878). 

October 1, 1877, the Superintendent reported 322 patients in this hospital, 
and it is now overcrowded. 

The Board of Trustees at present (1878) are as follows : Matyrin L. 
Fisher, President, Farmersburg ; John G. House, M. D., Secretary, Indepen- 
dence ; Wm. G. Donnan, Treasurer, Independence ; Erastus G. Morgan, Fort 
Dodge ; Mrs. Prudence A. Appleman, Clermont ; arid Stephen E. Robinson, 
M. D., West Union. 

RESIDENT OFFICERS. 

Albert Reynolds, M. D., Superintendent; G. IT. Hill, M. D., Assistant 
Physician; Noyes Appleman, Steward; Mrs. Lucy M. Gray, Matron. 

IOWA COLLEGE FOR THE BLIND. 

Vinton, Benton 'Counts/. 

In August, 1852, Prof. Samuel Bacon, himself blind, established an Insti- 
tution for the Instruction of the Blind of Iowa, at Keokuk. 

By act of the General Assembly, entitled " An act to establish an Asylum 
for the Blind," app,roved January 18, 1853, the institution was adopted by the 
State, removed to Iowa City, February 3d, and opened for the reception of pupils 
April 4, 1853, free to all "the blind in the State. 

The first Board of Trustees were James D. Eads, President ; George W. 
McClary, Secretary; James II. Gower, Treasurer; Martin L. Morris, Stephen 
Hempstead, Morgan Reno and John McCaddon. The Board appointed Prof 



198 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Samuel Bacon, Principal; T. J. McGittigen, Teacher of Music, and Mrs. Sarah 
K. Bacon, Matron. Twenty-three pupils were admitted during the first term. 

In his first report, made in 1854, Prof. Bacon suggested that the name 
should be changed from ''Asylum for the Blind," to that of " Institution for 
the Instruction of the Blind." This was done in 1855, when the General As- 
sembly made an annual appropriation for the College of ^55 per quarter for 
each pupil. This was subsequently changed to $3,000 per annum, and a charge 
of $25 as an admission fee for each pupil, which sum, with the amounts realized 
from the sale of articles manufactured by the blind pupils, proved sufiicient for 
the expenses of the institution during Mr. Bacon's administration. Although 
Mr. Bacon was blind, he was a fine scholar and an economical manager, and 
had founded the Blind Asylum at Jacksonville, Illinois. As a mathematician 
he had few superiors. 

On the 8th of May, 1858, the Trustees met at Yinton, and made arrange- 
ments for securing the donation of $5,000 made by the citizens of that town. 

In June of that year, a quarter section of land was donated for the College, 
by John W. 0. Webb and others, and the Trustees adopted a plan for the 
erection of a suitable building. In 1860, the plan was modified, and the con- 
tract for enclosing let to Messrs. Finkbine & Lovelace, for $10,420. 

In August, 1862, the building was so far completed that the goods and fur- 
uiture of the institution were removed from Iowa City to Vinton, and early in 
October, the school was opened there with twenty-four pupils. At this time. 
Rev. Orlando Clark was Principal. 

In August, 1864, a new Board of Trustees were appointed by the Legisla- 
ture, consisting of James McQuin, President; Reed Wilkinson, Secretary; Jas. 
Chapin, Treasurer; Robert Gilchrist, Elijah Sells and Joseph Dysart, organized 
and made important changes. Rev. Reed Wilkinson succeeded Mr. Clark as 
Principal. Mrs. L. S. B. Wilkinson and Miss Amelia Butler were appointed 
Assistant Teachers ; Mrs. N. A. Morton, Matron. 

Mr. Wilkinson resigned in June, 1867, and Gen. James L. Geddes was 
appointed in his place. In September, 1869, Mr. Geddes retired, and was 
succeeded by Prof. S. A. Knapp. Mrs. S. C. LaAvton was appointed Matron, 
and was succeeded by Mrs. M. A. Knapp. Prof. Knapp resigned July 1, 

1875, and Prof. Orlando Clark was elected Principal, who died April 2, 

1876, and was succeeded by John B. Parmalee, who retired in July, 1877, 
when the present incumbent. Rev. Robert Carothers, was elected. 

Trustees, 1S77-S. — Jeremiah L. Gay, President; S. H.Watson, Treasurer; 
H. C. Piatt, Jacob Springer, C. L. Flint and P. F. Sturgis. 

Faculty. — Principal, Rev. Robert Carothers, A. M. ; Matron, Mrs. Emeline 
E. Carothers; Teachers, Thomas F. McCune, A. B., Miss Grace A. Hill, 
Mrs. C. A. Spencer, INIiss Mary Baker, Miss C. R. Miller, Miss Lorana Mat- 
tice. Miss A. M. McCutcheon;' Musical Director, S. 0. Spencer. 

The Legislative Committee who visited this institution in 1878 expressed 
their astonishment at the vast expenditure of money in proportion to the needs 
of the State. The structure is well built, and the money properly expended ; 
yet it was enormously beyond the necessities of the State, and shows an utter 
"disregard of the fitness of things. The Committee could not understand why 
$282,000 should have been expended for a massive building covering about two 
and a half acres for the accommodation of 130 people, costing over eight thou- 
sand dollars a year to heat it, and costing the State about five hundred dollars 
a year for each pupil. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 199 

INSTITUTION FOR THE DExVF AND DUMB. 

Council Bluffs, Pottawattomie County. 

The Iowa Institution for the Deaf and Dumb was established at Iowa City 
by an act of the General Assembly, approved January 24, 1855. The number 
of deaf mutes then in the State was 301 ; the number attending the Institution, 
50. The first Board of Trustees Avere: Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Hon. E. 
Sells, W. Penn Clarke, J. P. Wood, H. D. Downey, William Crum, W. E. 
Ijams, Principal. On the resignation of Mr. Ijams, in 1862, the Board 
appointed in his stead Mr. Benjamin Talbot, for nine years a teacher in the 
Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Mr. Talbot was ardently devoted to 
the interests of the institution and a faithful worker for the unfortunate class 
under his charge. 

A strong effort was made, in 1866, to remove this important institution to 
Des Moines, but it was located permanently at Council Bluffs, and a building 
rented for its use. In 1868, Commissioners were appointed to locate a site for, 
and to superintend the erection of, a new building, for which the Legislature 
appropriated $125,000 to commence the work of construction. The Commis- 
sioners selected ninety acres of land about two miles south of the city of Coun- 
cil Bluffs. The main building and one wing were completed October 1, 1870, 
and immediately occupied by the Institution. February 25, 1877, the main 
building and east wing were destroyed by fire; and August 6 following, the 
roof of the new west wing was blown off and the walls partially demolished by 
a tornado. At the time of the fire, about one hundred and fifty pupils were in 
attendance. After the fire, half the classes were dismissed and the number of 
scholars reduced to about seventy, and in a week or two the school was in run- 
ning order. 

The Legislative Committee which visited this Institution in the Winter of 
1857-8 was not Avell pleased with the condition of affairs, and reported that the 
building (west wing) was a disgrace to the State and a monument of unskillful 
workmanship, and intimated rather strongly that some reforms in management 
were very essential. 

Trustees, 7<577-<§.— Thomas Officer, President ; N. P. Dodge, Treasurer ; 
Paul Lange, William Orr, J. W. Cattell. 

Superintendent, Benjamin Talbot, M. A. Teachers, Edwin Southwick, 
Conrad S. Zorbaugh, John A. Gillespie, John A. Kennedy, Ellen J. Israel, 
Ella J. Brown, Mrs. H. R. Gillespie ; Physician, H. W. Hart, M. D. ; Steward, 
N. A. Taylor; Matron, Mary B. Swan. 

SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOMES. 

Davenport, Cedar Falls, Grlenwood. 

The movement which culminated in the establishment of this beneficent in- 
stitution was originated by Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, during the civil Avar of 
1861-65. This noble and patriotic lady called a convention at Muscatine, on 
the 7th of October 1863, for the purpose of devising measures for the support 
and education of the orphan children of the brave sons of Iowa, who had fallen 
in defense of national honor and integrity. So great Avas the public interest in 
the movement that there Avas a large representation from all parts of the State 
on the day named, and an association was organized called the loAva State Or- 
phan Asylum. 



-00 HISTORY OF Tin-: STATE OF IOWA. 

The lirst oHioors were: rresideut, "William M. Stone ; Tice Presidents, Mrs. 
G-. G. Wright, 3Irs. R. L. Cadle, Mrs. J. T. llaneoek, John R. Needham, J. AV. 
Cattell, Mrs. Marv ]M. Bagg ; Recording Secretary, Miss Marv Kibben ; Cor- 
responding Secretary, Miss M. E. Shelron ; Treasurer, X. IT. Brainerd; Board 
of Trustees, Mrs. Annie Witrennun-er, Mrs. 0. B. Darwin. ]Mrs. D. T. Newcouib. 
Mrs. L. B. Stephens, 0. Favville,' E. H. Williams, T. S. Parvin, Mrs. Shields. 
Caleb Baldwin, C. C. Cole, Isaac Pendleton, H. C. Henderson. 

The first meeting of the Trustees was held February 14, 1864, in the Repre- 
sentative Hall, at Des Moines. Counnittees from both branches of the General 
Assembly were present and were invited to ]iartici}iate in their deliberations. 
Gov. Kirkwood suggested that a home for disabled soldiers should be connected 
with the Asylum. Arrangements Avere made for raising funds. 

At the next meeting, in Davenport, in March, 1864, the Trustees decided to 
commence operations at once, and a committee, of which Mr. Howell, of Keo- 
kuk, was Chairman, was appointed to lease a suitable building, solicit donations, 
and procure suitable furniruve. This committee secured a large brick building 
in LaAvrence, A'an Buren Countv, and enmisi'ed jNIr. Fuller, of Mt. Pleasant, as 
b toward. 

At the annual meeting, in Des Moines, in June, 1864, Mrs. C. B. Baldwin, 
Mrs. G. G. Wriglit, Mrs. Dr. Horton, Miss :Mary E. Shelton and Mr. George 
Shernuin were aj^pointed a committee to furnish the building and take all neces- 
sary steps for opening the "Home," and notice was given that at the next 
meeting of the Association, a motion would be made to change the name of the 
Institution to Iowa Orphans' Home. 

The work of preparation was conducted so vigorously that on the loth day 
of July following, the Executive Committee announced that they were ready to 
receive the children. In three weeks twenty-one were admitted, and the num- 
ber constantly increased, so that, in a little UKtre than six months from the time 
of opening, there were seventy children admitted, and twenty more applica- 
tions, which the Committee had not acted upon — all orphans of soldiers. 

Miss M. Elliott, of Washington, was appointed Matron. She resigned, 
in February, 1865, and Avas succeeded by Mrs. E. G. Piatt, of Fremont 
County. 

The "•Home " was sustained by the voluntary contributions of the people, 
until 1866, Avhen it Avas assumed by the State. In that year, the General 
Assembly provided for the location of several such "Homes" in the different 
counties, and Avhich Avere established at Davenport, Scott County; Cedar Falls, 
Black HaAvk County, and at GleuAvood, Mills County. 

The Board of Trustees elected by the General Assembly had the oversight 
and numagement of the Soldiers' Orphans' Homes of the State, and consisted 
of one person from each county in Avhich such Home Avas located, and one for 
the State at large, Avho held their othce tAvo years, or nntil their successors were 
elected and qualified. An appropriation of ^10 per month for each orphan 
actually supported Avas ntade by the General Assembly. 

The Home in Cedar Falls Avas organized in 1S65, and an old hotel building 
Avas fitted up for it. Rufus C, INIary L. and Emma L. Bauer Avere the first 
children received, in October, and by January, 1866, there Avere ninety-six in- 
mates. 

October 12, 1860, the Home Avas removed to a large brick building, about 
two miles Avest of Cedar Falls, and Avas A-ery prosperous for several years, but 
in 1876, the General Assembly established a State Normal School at Cedar 
Falls and appropriated the bnildings and grounds for that purpose. 



HISTOllY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 201 

By " An act to provide for the organization and support of an asyliun at 
Glenwood, in Mills County, for feeble minded children," approved March 17, 
1876, the buildings and grounds used by the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that 
place were appropriated for this purpose. 15y another act, approved March 15, 
1870, the soldiers' orphans, then at tlie Homes at (glenwood and Cedar Falls, 
were to be removed to the Home at Davenport within ninety days tlicreafter, 
and the Board of Trusteesof the Home were authorized to receive other indigent 
children into that institution, and provide for their education in industrial 
pursuits. 

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County. 

Chapter 129 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, in 1876, estab- 
lished a State Normal School at Cedar Falls, ]51ack 1 lawk County, and reciuired 
the Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home to turn over the property in their 
charge to the Directors of the new institution. 

the Board of Directors met at Cedar Falls June 7, 1876, and duly organ- 
ized by the election of IL C. Hemenway, President; J. J. Toleston, Secretary, 
and E. Townsend, Treasurer. The Board of Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' 
Home met at the same time for the purpose of turning over to the Directors the 
property of that institution, which was satisfactorily done and properly receipted 
for as required by law. At this meeting, Prof. J. C. Gilchrist was elected 
Principal of the School. 

On the 12th of July, 1876, the Board again met, when executive and 
teachers' committees were appointed and their duties assigned. A Steward 
and a Matron were elected, and their respective duties defined. 

The buildings and grounds were repaired and fitted up as Avell as the appro- 
priation would admit, and the first term of the school opened September 6, 1876, 
connnencing with twenty-seven and closing with eighty-seven students. The 
second term closed with eighty-six, and one hundred and six attended during 
the third term. 

The following are the Board of Directors, Board of Officers and Faculty : 

Board of Directors. — H. C. Hemenway, Cedar Falls, President, term 
expires 1882 ; L. D. Lewelling, Salem, Henry County, 1878 ; W. A. Stow, 
Hamburg, Fremont County, 1878; S. G. Smith, Newton, Jasper County, 
1880; E. 11. Thayer, Clinton, Clinton County, 1880; G. S. Robinson, Storm 
Lake, Buena Vista County, 1882. 

Board of Otfieers.—3. J- Toleston, Secretary; E. Townsend, Ireasurer; 
William Pattes,' Steward ; Mrs. P. A. Schermerhorn, Matron— all of Cedar 

Faculty.— J. C. Gilchrist, A. M., Principal, Professer of Mental and 
Moral Philosophy and Didactics ; M. W. Bartlett, A. M., Professor of Lan- 
guao-es and Natural Science ; D. S. Wright, A. M., Professor of Mathematics ; 
Miss Frances L. Webster, Teacher of Geography and History ; E. W. Burnham, 
Professor of Music. 

ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE MINDED CHILDREN. 

Cflemvoodj Mills County. 
Chapter 152 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, approved 
March 17, 1876, provided for the establishment of an asylum for feeble minded 
children at Glenwood, Mills County, and the buildings and grounds of the 



202 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place were to be used for that purpose. The 
asylum was placed under the management of three Trustees, one at least of 
whom should be a resident of Mills County. Children between the ages of 7 
and 18 years are admitted. Ten dollars per month for each child actually sup- 
ported by the State was appropriated by the act, and ^2,000 for salaries of 
officers and teachers for two years. 

Hon. J. W. Cattell, of Polk County ; A. J. Russell, of Mills County, and 
W. S. Robertson, were appointed Trustees, who held their first meeting at 
Glen wood, April 26, 1876. J\Ir. Robertson was elected President; Mr. Russell, 
Treasurer, and Mr. Cattell, Secretary. The Trustees found the house and farm 
which had been turned over to them in a shamefully dilapidated condition. The 
fences were broken down and the lumber destroyed or carried away; the win- 
dows broken, doors oif their hinges, floors broken and filthy in the extreme, 
cellars reeking with oflensive odors from decayed vegetables, and every conceiv- 
able variety of filth and garbage ; drains obstructed, cisterns broken, pump 
demoralized, wind-mill broken, roof leaky, and tlie whole property in the worst 
possible condition. It was the first work of the Trustees to make the house 
tenable. This was done under the direction of Mr. Russell. At the request 
of the Trustees, Dr. Charles T. Wilbur, Superintendent of the Illinois Asylum, 
visited Glenwood, and made many valuable suggestions, and gave them much 
assistance. 

0. W. Archibald, M. D., of Glenwood, was appointed Superintendent, 
and soon after was appointed Secretary of the Board, vice Cattell, resigned. 
Mrs. S. A. Archibald was appointed Matron, and Miss Maud M. Archibald, 
Teacher. 

The Institution was opened September 1, 1876 ; the first pupil admitted 
September 4, and the school was organized September 10, with only five pupils, 
which number had, in November, 1877, increased to eighty-seven. December - 
1, 1876, Miss Jennie Van Dorin, of Fairfield, was employed as a teacher and 
in the Spring of 1877, Miss Sabina J. Archibald was also employed. 

THE REFORM SCHOOL. 

Eldora, Hardin County. 

By "An act to establish and organize a State Reform School for Juvenile 
Offenders," approved March 31, 1868, the General Assembly established a 
State Reform School at Salem, Lee (Henry) County ; provided for a Board of 
Trustees, to consist of one person from each Congressional District. For the 
purpose of immediately opening the school, the Trustees were directed to accept 
the proposition of the Trustees of White's Iowa Manual Labor Institute, at 
Salem, and lease, for not more than ten years, the lands, buildings, etc., of the 
Institute, and at once proceed to prepare for and open a reform school as a 
temporary establishment. 

The contract for fitting up the buildings was let to Clark & Haddock, Sep- 
tember 21, 1868, and on the 7th of October following, the first inmate was 
received from Jasper County. The law provided for the admission of children 
of both sexes under IS years of age. In 1876, this was amended, so that they 
are now received at ages over 7 and under 16 years. 

April 19, 1872, the Trustees were directed to make a permanent location 
for the school, and $45,000 was appropriated for the erection of the necessary 
buildings. The Trustees were further directed, as soon as practicable, to 
organize a school for girls in the buildings where the boys were then kept. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. " 203 

The Trustees located the school at Eldora, Hardin County, and in the Code 
of 1873, it is permanently located there by law. 

The institution is managed by five Trustees, who are paid mileage, but no 
compensation for their services. 

The object is the reformation of the children of both sexes, under the age 
of 16 years and over 7 years of age, and the law requires that the Trustees 
shall require the boys and girls under their charge to be instructed in piety and 
morality, and in such branches of useful knowledge as are adapted to their age 
and capacity, and in some regular course of labor, either mechanical, manufac- 
turing or agricultural, as is best suited to their age, strength, disposition and 
capacity, and as may seem best adapted to secure the reformation and future 
benefit of the boys and girls. ; 

A boy or girl committed to the State Reform School is there kept, disci- 
plined, instructed, employed and governed, under the direction of the Trustees, 
until he or she arrives at the age of majority, or is bound out, reformed or 
legally discharged. The binding out or discharge of a boy or girl as reformed, 
or having arrived at the age of majority, is a complete release from all penalties 
incurred by conviction of the offense for which he or she was committed. 

This is one step in the right direction. In the future, however, still further 
advances will be made, and the right of every individual to the fruits of their 
labor, even while restrained for the public good, will be recognized. 

FISH HATCHING ESTABLISHMENT. 

N'ear Anamosa, Jones County. 

The Fifteenth General Assembly, in 1874, passed " An act to provide for 
the appointment of a Board of Fish Commissioners for the construction of 
Fishways for the protection and propagation of Fish," also " An act to provide 
for furnishing the rivers and lakes with fish and fish spawn." This act appro- 
priated |3,000 for the purpose. In accordance with the provisions of the first 
act above mentioned, on the 9th of April, 1874, S. B. Evans of Ottumwa, 
Wapello County ; B. F. Shaw of Jones County, and Charles A. Haines, of 
Black Hawk County, were appointed to be Fish Commissioners by the Governor. 
These Commissioners met at Des Moines, May 10, 1874, and organized by the 
election of Mr. Evans, President ; Mr. Shaw, Secretary and Superintendent, 
and Mr. Haines, Treasurer. 

The State was partitioned into three districts or divisions to enable the 
Commissioners to better superintend the construction of fishways as required by 
law. That part of the State lying south of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
Railroad was placed under the especial supervision of Mr. Evans ; that part be- 
tween that railroad and the Iowa Division of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. 
Shaw, and all north of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. Haines. At this 
meeting, the Superintendent was authorized to build a State Hatching House ; 
to procure the spawn of valuable fish adapted to the waters of Iowa ; hatch and 
prepare the young fish for distribution, and assist in putting them into the waters 
of the State. 

In compliance with these instructions, Mr. Shaw at once commenced work, 
and in the Summer of 1874, erected a " State Hatching House" near Anamosa, 
20x40 feet, two stories; the second story being designed for a tenement ; the 
first story being the "hatching room." The hatching troughs are supplied 
with water from a magnificent spring four feet deep and about ten feet in diam- 
eter, affording an abundant and unfailing supply of pure running water. During 



204 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the first year, from May 10, 1874, to May 10, 1875, the Commissioners distributed 
within the State 100,000 Shad, 300,000 California Salmon, 10,000 Bass, 
80,000 Penobscot (Maine) Salmon, 5,000 land-locked Salmon, 20,000 of 
other species. 

By act approved March 10, 1876, the law was amended so that there should 
be but one instead of three Fish Commissioners, and B. F. Shaw was appointed, 
and the Commissioner was authorized to purchase twenty acres of land, on 
which the State Hatching House was located near Anamosa. 

In the Fall of 1876, Commissioner Shaw gathered from the sloughs of the 
Mississippi, where they would have been destroyed, over a million and a half of 
small fish, which were distributed in the various rivers of the State and turned 
into the Mississippi. 

In 1875-6, 533,000 California Salmon, and in 1877, 303,500 Lake Trout 
were distributed in various rivers and lakes in the State. The experiment of 
stocking the small streams with brook trout is being tried, and 81,000 of the 
speckled beauties were distributed in 1877. In 1876, 100,000 young eels were 
distributed. These came from New York and they are increasing rapidly. 

At the close of 1877, there were at least a dozen private fish farms in suc- 
cessful operation in various parts of the State. Commissioner Shaw is en- 
thusiastically devoted to the duties of his office and has performed an important 
service for the people of the State by his intelligent and successful operations. 

The Sixteenth General Assembly passed an act in 1878, prohibiting the 
catching of any kind of fish except Brook Trout from March until June of each 
year. Some varieties are fit for food only during this period. 



THE PUBLIC LANDS. 

The grants of public lands made in the State of Iowa, for various purposes, 
are as follows : 



1. 


The 500,000 Acre Grant. 


2. 


The 16th Section Grant. 


8. 


The IVIortgage School Lands. 


4. 


The University Grant. 


5. 


The Saline Grant. 


6. 


The Des Moiiles Kiver Grant. 


7. 


The Des Moines River School Lands. 


8. 


The Swamp Land Grant. 


9. 


The Railroad Grant. 


10. 


The Agricultural College Grant. 



I. THE FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND ACRE GRANT. 

When the State was admitted into the Union, she became entitled to 
500,000 acres of land by virtue of an act of Congress, approved September 4, 
1841, which granted to each State therein specified 500,000 acres of public land 
for internal improvements ; to each State admitted subsequently to the passage 
of the act, an amount of land which, with the amount that might have been 
granted to her as a Territory, would amount to 500,000 acres. All these lands 
were required to be selected within the limits of the State to which they were 
granted. 

The Constitution of Iowa declares that the proceeds of this grant, together 
with all lands then granted or to be granted by Congress for the benefit of 
schools, shall constitute a perpetual fund for the support of schools throughout 
the State. By an act approved January 15, 1849, the Legislature established 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 205 

a board of School Fund Commissioners, and to that board was confided the 
selection, care and sale of these lands for the benefit of the School Fund. Until 
1855, these Commissioners were subordinate to the Superinteudent of Public 
Instruction, but on the 15th of January of that year, they Avere clothed with 
exclusive authority in the management and sale of school lands. The office of 
School Fund Commissioner was abolished March 23, 1858, and that officer in 
each county was required to transfer all papers to and make full settlement with 
the County Judge. By this act. County Judges and Township Trustees were 
made the agents of the State to control and sell the sixteenth sections ; but no 
further provision was made for the sale of the 500,000 acre grant until April 
3d, 1860, when the entire management of the school lands was committed to 
the Boards of Supervisors of the several counties. 

II. THE SIXTEENTH SECTIONS. 

By the provisions of the act of Congress admitting Iowa to the Union, there 
was granted to the new State the sixteenth section in every towLship, or where 
that section had been sold, other lands of like amount for the use of schools. 
The Constitution of the State provides that the proceeds arising from the sale 
of these sections shall constitute a part of the permanent School Fund. The 
control and sale of these lands Avere vested in the School Fund Commissioners 
of the several counties until March 23, 1858, when they were transferred to the 
County Judges and Township Trustees, and were finally placed under the 
supervision of the County Boards of Supervisors in January, 1861. 

HI. THE MORTGAGE SCHOOL LANDS. 

These do not belong to any of the grants of land proper. They are lands 
that have been mortgaged to the school fund, and became school lands when bid 
off by the State by virtue of a law passed in 1862. Under the provisions of the 
law regulating the management and investment of the permanent school fund, 
persons desiring loans from that fund are required to secure the payment thereof 
with interest at ten per cent, per annum, by promissory notes endorsed by two 
good sureties and by mortgage on unincumbered real estate, which must be 
situated in the county where the loan is made, and which must be valued by 
three appraisers. Making these loans and taking the required securities was 
made the duty of the County Auditor, who was required to report to the Board 
of Supervisors at each meeting thereof, all notes, mortgages and abstracts of 
title connected with the school fund, for examination. 

When default was made of payment of money so secured by mortgage, and 
no arrangement made for extension of time as the law provides, the Board of 
Supervisors were authorized to bring suit and prosecute it with diligence to 
secure said fund ; and in action in favor of the county for the use of the school 
fund, an injunction may issue without bonds, and in any such action, when 
service is made by publication, default and judgment may be entered and 
enforced without bonds. In case of sale of land on execution founded on any 
such mortgage, the attorney of the board, or other person duly authorized, shall, 
on behalf of the State or county for the use of said fund, bid such sum as the 
interests of said fund may require, and if struck off to the State the land shall 
be held and disposed of as the other lands belonging to the fund. These lands 
are known as the Mortgage. School Lands, and reports of them, including 
description and amount, are re(piired to be made to the State Land Office- 



206 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



IV. UNIVERSITY LANDS. 



By act of Congress, July 20, 18-10, a quantity of land not exceeding two 
f-ntire townships Avas reserved in the Territory of Iowa for the use and support 
)f a university within said Territory when it should become a State. This land 
was to be located in tracts of not less than an entire section, and could be used 
for no other purpose than that designated in the grant. In an act supplemental 
to that for the admission of loAva, March 3, 1845, the grant was renewed, and it 
was provided that the lands should be used "solely for the purpose of such 
university, in such manner as the Legislature may prescribe." 

Under this grant there were set apart and approved by the Secretary of the 
Treasury, for the use of the State, the following lands : 

AOKES. 

lu the lowiiCity Land District. Feb. 26, 1849 20,150.49 

In the Faivtiekl Land District, Oct. 17, 1S49 9,685.20 

In the Iowa Oitv Land District. Jan. 28. 1850 2,571.81 

lu the FairtieUr Land District, Sept. 10, 1850 3,198.20 

lu the Dubuque Laud District, May 19, 1852 10,552.24 

, Total 45,957.94 

These lands were certified to the State November 19, 1859. The University 
lands are placed by law under the control and management of the Botird of 
Trustees of the Iowa State University. Prior to 1865, there had been selected 
and located under 282 patents, 22,892 acres in sixteen counties, and 23,036 
acres unpatented, making a total of 45,928 acres. 

V. — SALINE LANDS. 

By act of Congress, approved March 3, 18-15, the State of Iowa was 
granted the use of the salt springs within her limits, not exceeding twelve. 
By a subsequent act, approved May 27, 1852, Congress granted the springs 
to the State in fee simple, together with six sections of land contiguous to each, 
to be disposed of as the Legislature might direct. In 1861, the proceeds of 
these lands then to be sold were constituted a fund for founding and support- 
ing a lunatic asylum, but no sales Avere made. In 1856, the proceeds of the 
saline lands were appropriated to the Insane Asylum, repealed in 1858. In 
1860, the saline lands and funds were made a part of the permanent fund of 
the State University. Tliese lands were located in Appanoose, Davis, Decatur, 
Lucas, Monroe, Van Buren and Wayne Counties. 

VI. — THE DES MOINES RIVER GRANT. 

By act of Congress, approved August 8, 1846, a grant of land was made 
fertile improvement of the navigation of Des Moines River, as follows: 

Beit enacted bi/ the Senate and flotise of Representatives of the United States of America in 
Congress assembled. That there be. and hereby is, granted to said Territory of Iowa, for the 
purpose of aiding said Torritoi-y to improve the navigation of the Des Moines River from its 
mouth to the Raccoon Fork (so called) in said Territory, one equal moiety, in alternate sections, 
of the public lands (^remaining unsold and not otherwise disposed of. incumbered or appropri- 
ated\ in a strip tive miles in width on each side of said I'iver. to be selected within said Terri- 
tory by an agent or agents to be appointed by the Grovernor thereof, subject to the approval of 
the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. 

Sec. 2. And be it further enacted. That the lands hereby granted shall not be conveyed 
or disposed of by said Territory, nor by any State to be formed out of the same, except as said 
improvement shall progress; that is, the said Territory or State may sell so much of said lands 
as shall produce the sum of thirty thousat^d dollars, and then the sales shall cease until the Gov- 
ernor of said Territory or State shall certify the fact to the President of the United States that 
one-half of said sum lias been expended upon said improvements, when the said Territoi-y or 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. ' 207 

State may sell and convey a quantity of the residue of said lands sufficient to replace the amount 
expended, and thus the sales shall progress as the proceeds thereof shall be expended, and the 
fact of such expenditure shall be certified as aforesaid. 

Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the said River Des Moines shall be and forever 
remain a public highway for the use of the Government of the United States, free from any toll 
or other charge whatever, for any property of the United States or persons in their service 
passing through or along the same : Provided alwai/n, That it shall not be competent for the said 
Territory or future State of Iowa to dispose of said lands, or any of them, at a price lower than, 
for the time being, shall be the minimum price of other public lands. 

Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That whenever the Territory of Iowa shall be admitted 
into the Union as a State, the lands hereby granted for the above purpose shall be aud become 
the property of said State for the purpose contemplated in this act, and for no other : Provided 
the Legislature of the State of Iowa shall accept the said grant for the said purpose." Approved 
Aug. 8, 184G. 

By joint resolution of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 9, 
1847, the grant was accepted for the purpose specified. By another act, ap- 
proved February 24, 1847, entited "An act creating the Board of Public 
Works, and providing for the improvement of the Des Moines River," the 
Legislature provided for a Board consisting of a President, Secretary and 
Treasurer, to be elected by the people. This Board was elected August 2, 
1847, and was organized on the 22d of September following. The same act 
defined the nature of the improvement to be made, and provided that the work 
should be paid for from the funds to be derived from the sale of lands to be 
sold by the Board. 

Agents appointed by the Governor selected the sections designated by "odd 
numbers" throughout the w^hole extent of the grant, and this selection Avas ap- 
proved by the Secretary of the Treasury. But there was a conflict of opinion 
as to the extent of the grant. It was held by some that it extended from the 
mouth of the Des Moines only to the Raccoon Forks ; others held, as the 
agents to make selection evidently did, that it extended from the mouth to the 
head waters of the river. Richard M. Young, Commissioner of the General 
Land Office, on the 23d of February, 1848, construed the grant to mean that 
" the State is entitled to the alternate sections within five miles of the Des 
Moines River, throughout the whole extent of that river within the limits of 
Iowa." Under this construction, the alternate sections above the Raccoon 
Forks would, of course, belong to the State; but on the 19th of June, 1848, 
some of these lands were, by proclamation, thrown into market. On the 18th 
of September, the Board of Public Works filed a remonstrance with the Com- 
missioner of the General Land Office. The Board also sent in a protest to the 
State Land Office, at which the sale was ordered to take place. On the 8th of 
January, 1849, the Senators and Representatives in Congress from Iowa also 
protested against the sale, in a communication to Hon. Robert J. Walker, Sec- 
retary of the Treasury, to which the Secretary replied, concurring in the 
opinion that the grant extended the whole length of the Des Moines River in 
Iowa. 

On the 1st of June, 1849, the Commissioner of the General Land Office 
directed the Register and Receiver of the Land Office at Iowa City " to with- 
hold from sale all lands situated in the odd numbered sections within five miles 
on each side of the Des Moines River above the Raccoon Forks." March 13, 
1850, the Commissioner of the General Land Office submitted to the Secretary 
of the Interior a list "showing the tracts falling within the limits of the Des 
Moines River grant, above the Raccoon Forks, etc., under the decision of the 
Secretary of the Treasury, of March 2, 1849," and on the 6th of April 
following, Mr. Ewing, then Secretary of the Interior, reversed the decision of 
Secretary Walker, but ordered the lands to be withheld from sale until Con- 



208 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

gress could have an opportunity to pass an explanatory act. The Iowa author- 
ities appealed from this decision to the President (Taylor), who referred the 
matter to the Attorney General (Mr. Johnson). On the 19th of July, Mr. 
Johnson submitted as his opinion, that by the terms of the grant itself, it ex- 
tended to the very source of the Des Moines, but before his opinion was pub- 
lished President Taylor died. When Mr. Tyler's cabinet was formed, the 
. question was submitted to the new Attorney General (Mr. Crittenden), who, on 
the 30th of June, 1851, reported that in his opinion the grant did not extend 
above the Raccoon Forks. Mr. Stewart, Secretary of the Interior, concurred 
Avith Mr. Crittenden at first, bat subsequently consented to lay the whole sub- 
ject before the President and Cabinet, who decided in favor of the State. 

October 29, 1851, Mr. Stewart directed the Commissioner of the General 
Land Office to "submit for his approval such lists as had been prepared, and to 
proceed to report for like approval lists of the alternate sections claimed by the 
State of Iowa above the Raccoon Forks, as far as tlie surveys have progressed, 
or may hereafter be completed and returned." And on the following day, three 
lists of these lands were prepared in the General Land Office. 

The lands approved and certified to the State of Iowa under this grant, and 
all lying above the Raccoon Forks, are as follows : 

By Secretary Stewart, Oct. 30, 1851 81,707.93 acres. 

March 10, 1852 143.908.37 " 

By Secretary McLellan, Dec. 17, 1853 33,142.43 " 

Dec. SO, 1853 12,813.51 " 

Total > 271,572.24 acres. 

The Commissioners and Register of the Des Moines River Improvement, in 
their report to the Governor, November 30, 1852, estimates the total amount of 
lands then available for the work, including those in possession of the State and 
those to be surveyed and approved, at nearly a million acres. The indebtedness 
then standing against the fund was about §108,000, and the Commissioners 
estimated the work to be done would cost about $1,200,000. 

January 19, 1853, the Legislature authorized the Commissioners to sell 
" any or all the lands which have or may hereafter be granted, for not less than 
11,300,000." 

On the 24th of January, 1853, the General Assembly provided for the elec- 
tion of a Commissioner by the people, and appointed two Assistant Commission- 
ers, with authority to make a contract, selling the lands of the Improvement 
for $1,300,000. This new Board made a contract, June 9, 1855, with the Des 
Moines Navigation & Railroad Company, agreeing to sell all the lands donated 
to the State hj Act of Congress of August 8, 1846, which the State had not 
sold prior to December 23, 1853, for $1,300,000, to be expended on the im- 
provement of the river, and in paying the indebtedness then due. This con- 
tract was duly reported to the Governor and General Assembly. 

By an act approved January 25, 1855, the Commissioner and Register of 
the Des INIoines River Improvement were authorized to negotiate with the Des 
Moines Navigation & Railroad Company for the purchase of lands in Webster 
County which had been sold by the School Fund Commissioner as school lands, 
but which had been certified to the State as Des Moines River lands, and had, 
therefore, become the property of the Company, under the provisions of its 
contract with the State. 

March 21, 1856, the old question of the extent of the grant was again raised 
and the Commissioner of the General Land Office decided th>^ it was limited to 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 209 

the Raccoon Fork. Appeal was made to the Secretary of the Interior, and by 
him the matter was referred to the Attorney General, who decided that the grant 
extended to the northern boundary of the State; the State relinquished its 
claim to lands lying along the river in Minnesota, and the vexed question was 
supposed to be finally settled. 

The land which had been certified, as well as those extending to the north- 
ern boundary within the limits of the grant, were reserved from pre-emption 
and sale by the General Land Commissioner, to satisfy the grant of August 8, 
1846, and they were treated as having passed to the State, which from time to 
time sold portions of them prior to their final transfer to the Des Moines Navi- 
igation & Railroad Company, applying the proceeds thereof to the improve- 
ment of the river in compliance with the terms of the grant. Prior to the final 
sale to the Company, June 9, 1854, the State had sold about 327,000 acres, of 
which amount 58,830 acres were located above the Raccoon Fork. The last 
certificate of the General Land Office bears date December 30, 1853. 

After June 9th, 1854, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company 
carried on the work under its contract with the State. As the improvement 
progressed, the State, from time to time, by its authorized officers, issued to the 
Company, in payment for said work, certificates for lands. But the General 
Land Office ceased to certify lands under the grant of 1846. The State 
had made no other provision for paying for the improvements, and disagree- 
ments and misunderstanding arose between the State authorities and the 
Company. 

March 22, 1858, a joint resolution was passed by the Legislature submitting 
a proposition for final settlement to the Company, which was accepted. The Com- 
pany paid to the State |20,000 in cash, and released and conveyed the dredge boat 
and materials named in the resolution ; and the State, on the 3d of May, 1858, 
executed to the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company fourteen deeds 
or patents to the lands, amounting to 256,703.64 acres. These deeds were 
intended to convey all the lands of this grant certified to the State by the Gen- 
eral Government not previously sold ; but, as if for the purpose of covering any 
tract or parcel that might have been omitted, the State made another deed of 
conveyance on the 18th day of May, 1858. These fifteen deeds, it is claimed, 
by the Company, convey 266,108 acres, of which about 53,367 are below the 
Raccoon Fork, and the balance, 212,741 acres, are above that point. 

Besides the lands deeded to the Company, the State had deeded to individual 
purchasers 58,830 acres above the Raccoon Fork, making an aggregate of 271,- 
571 acres, deeded above the Fork, all of which had been certified to the State 
by the Federal Government. 

By act approved March 28, 1858, the Legislature donated the remainder of 
the grant to the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines & Minnesota Railroad Company, 
upon condition that said Company assumed all liabilities resulting from the Des 
Moines River improvement operations, reserving 50,000 acres of the land in 
security for the payment thereof, and for the completion of the locks and dams 
at Bentonsport, Croton, Keosauqua and Plymouth. For every three thousand 
.dollars' worth of work done on the locks and dams, and for every three thousand 
dollars paid by the Company of the liabilities above mentioned, the Register of 
the State Land Office was instructed to certify to the Company 1,000 acres of 
the 50,000 acres reserved for these purposes. Up to 1865, there had been pre- 
sented by the Company, under the provisions of the act of 1858, and allowed, 
claims amounting to |109,579.37, about seventy-five per cent, of which had 
been settled. 



210 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

After the passage of the Act above noticed^ the question of the extent of the 
original grant was again mooted, and at the December Term of the Supreme Court 
of the United States, in 1859-60, a decision was rendered declaring that the 
grant did not extend above Raccoon Fork, and that all certificates of land above 
the Fork had been issued without authority of law and were, therefore, void 
(see 23 How., m). 

The State of Iowa had disposed of a large amount of land without authority, 
according to this decision, and appeal was made to Congress for relief, which 
was granted on the 3d day of March, 1861, in a joint resolution relinquishing 
to the State all the title which the United States then still retained in the tracts 
of land along the Des Moines River above Raccoon Fork, that had been im- 
properly certified to the State by the Department of the Interior, and which is 
now held by bona fide purchasers under the State of Iowa. 

In confirmation of this relinquishment, by act approved July 12, 1862, 
Congress enacted : 

That the grant of lands to the then Territory of Iowa for the improvement of the Des Moines 
River, made bj the act of August 8, 1846, is hereby extended so as to include the alternate sec- 
tions (designated by odd numbers) lying within five miles of said river, between the Raccoon 
Fork and the northern boundary of said State ; such lands are to be held and applied in accord- 
ance with the provisions of the original grant, except that the consent of Congress is hereby given 
to the application of a portion thereof to aid in the construction of the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines 
& Minnesota Railroad, in accordance with the provisions of the act of the General Assembly of 
the State of Iowa, approved March 22, 1858. And if any of the said lands shall have been sold 
-or otherwise disposed of by the United States before the passage of this act, except those released 
by the United States to the grantees of the State of Iowa, under joint resolution of March 3, 
1861, the Secretary of the Interior is hereby directed to set apart an equal amount of lands within 
said State to be certified in lieu thereof; Provided, that if the State shall have sold and conveyed 
any portion of the lands lying within the limits of the grant the title of which has proved invalid, 
any lands which shall be certified to said State in lieu thereof by virtue of the provisions of this 
act, shall inure to and be held as a trust fund for the benefit of the person or persons, respect- 
ively, whose titles shall have failed as aforesaid. 

The grant of lands by the above act of Congress was accepted by a joint 
resolution of the General Assembly, September 11, 1862, in extra session. On 
the same day, the Governor was authorized to appoint one or more Commis- 
sioners to select the lands in accordance with the grant. These Commissioners 
were instructed to report their selections to the Registrar of the State Land 
Ofiice. The lands so selected were to be held for the purposes of the grant, and 
were not to be disposed of until further legislation should be had. D. W. Kil- 
burne, of Lee County, Was appointed Commissioner, and, on the 25th day of 
April, 1864, the General Land Ofiicer authorized the selection of 300,000 acres 
from the vacant public lands as a part of the grant of July 12, 1862, and the 
selections were made in the Fort Dodge and Sioux City Land Districts. 

Many difficulties, controversies and conflicts, in relation to claims and titles, 
grew out of this grant, and these difficulties were enhanced by the uncertainty 
of its limits until the act of Congress of July, 1862. But the General Assem- 
bly sought, by wise and appropriate legislation, to protect the integrity of titles 
derived from the State. Especially was the determination to protect the actual 
settlers, who had paid their money and made improvements prior to the final 
settlement of the limits of the grant by Congress. 

VII. — THE DES MOINES RIVER SCHOOL LANDS. 

These lands constituted a part of the 500,000 acre grant made by Congress 
in 1841; including 28,378.46 acres in Webster County, selected by the Agent of 
the State under that grant, and approved by the Commissioner of the General 
Land Ofiice February 20, 1851. They were ordered into the market June 6, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 211 

1853, by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, who authorized John Tol- 
man, School Fund Commissioner for Webster County, to sell them as school 
lands. Subsequently, when the act of 1846 was construed to extend the Des 
Moines River grant above Raccoon Fork, it was held that the odd numbered 
sections of these lands within five miles of the river were appropriated by that 
act, and on the 30th day of December, 1853, 12,813.51 acres were set apart 
and approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior, as a part of the 
Des Moines River grant. January 6, 1854, the Commissioner of the General 
Land Office transmitted to the Superintendent of Public Instruction a certified 
copy of the lists of these lands, indorsed by the Secretary of the Interior. 
Prior to this action of the Department, however, Mr. Tolman had sold to indi- 
vidual purchasers 3,194.28 acres as school lands, and their titles were, of course, 
killed. For their relief, an act, approved April 2, 1860, provided that, upon 
application and proper showing, these purchasers should be entitled to draw 
from the State Treasury the amount they had paid, with 10 per cent, interest, 
on the contract to purchase made with Mr. Tolman. Under this act, five appli- 
cations were made prior to 1864, and the applicants received, in the a^ffreffate, 
$949.53. ,.88, 

By an act approved April 7, 1862, the Governor was forbidden to issue to 
the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Company any certificate of the completion 
of any part of said road, or any conveyance of lands, until the company should 
execute and file, in the State Land Office, a release of its claim — first, to cer- 
tain swamp lands ; second, to the Des Moines River Lands sold by Tolman ; 
third, to certain other river lands. That act provided that "the said company 
shall transfer their interest in those tracts of land in Webster and Hamilton 
Counties heretofore sold by John Tolman, School Fund Commissioner, to the 
Register of the State Land Office in trust, to enable said Register to carry out 
and perform said contracts in all cases when he is called upon by the parties 
interested to do so, before the 1st day of January, A. D. 1864. 

The company filed its release to the Tolman lands, in the Land Office, Feb- 
ruary 27, 1864, at the same time entered its protest that it had no claim upon 
them, never had pretended to have, and had never sought to claim them. The 
Register of the State Land Office, under the advice of the Attorney General, 
decided that patents would be issued to the Tolman purchasers in all cases 
where contracts had been made prior to December 23, 1853, and remaining 
uncanceled under the act of 1860. But before any were issued, on the 27th of 
August, 1864, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company commenced a 
suit in chancery, in the District Court of Polk County, to enjoin the issue of 
such patents. On the 30th of August, an ex lo arte injunction was issued. In 
January, 1868, Mr. J. A. Harvey, Register of the Land Office, filed in the 
court an elaborate answer to plaintiffs' petition, denying that the company had 
any right to or title in the lands. Mr. Plarvey's successor, Mr. C. C. Carpen- 
ter, filed a still more exhaustive answer February 10, 1868. August 3, 1868, 
the District Court dissolved the injunction. The company appealed to the 
Supreme Court, where the decision of the lower court was affirmed in December, 
1869. 

VIII. — SWAMP LAND GRANT. 

By an act of Congress, approved March 28, 1850, to enable Arkansas and 
other States to reclaim swampy lands within their limits, granted all the swamp 
and overflowed lands remaining unsold within their respective limits to the 
several States. Although the total amount claimed by Iowa under this act 



212 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

does not exceed 4,000,000 acres, it has, like the Des Moines River and some 
of" the land grants, cost the State considerable trouble and expense, and required 
a deal of legislation. The State expended large sums of money in making the 
selections, securing proofs, etc., but the General Government appeared to be 
laboring under the impression that Iowa was not acting in good faith ; that she 
had selected a large amount of lands under the swamp land grant, transferred 
her interest to counties, and counties to private speculators, and the General 
Land Office permitted contests as to the character of the lands already selected 
by the Agents of the State as "swamp lands." Congress, by joint resolution 
Dec. 18, 1856, and by act March 3, 1857, saved the State from the fatal result 
of this ruinous policy. Many of these lands were selected in 1854 and 1855, 
immediately after several remarkably wet seasons, and it was but natural that 
some portions of the selections would not appear swampy after a few dry seasons. 
Some time after these first selections were made, persons desired to enter 
parcels of the so-called swamp lands and offering to prove them to be dry. In 
such cases the General Land Office ordered hearing before the local land ofiicers, 
and if they decided the land to be dry, it was permitted to be entered and the 
claim of the State rejected. Speculators took advantage of this. Affidavits 
were bought of irresponsible and reckless men, who, for a few dollars, would 
confidently testify to the character of lands they never saw. These applica- 
tions multiplied until they covered 3,000,000 acres. It was necessary that 
Congress should confirm all these selections to the State, that this gigantic 
scheme of fraud and plunder might be stopped. The act of Congress of 
March 3, 1857, was designed to accomplish this purpose. But the Commis- 
sioner of the General Land Office held that it was only a qualified confirma- 
tion, and under this construction sought to sustain the action of the Department 
in rejecting the claim of the State, and certifying them under act of May 15, 
1856, under wdiich the railroad companies claimed all swamp land in odd num- 
bered sections within the limits of their respective roads. This action led to 
serious complications. When the railroad grant W'as made, it w^as not intended 
nor was it understood that it included any of the swamp lands. These were 
already disposed of by previous grant. Nor did the companies expect to 
receive any of them, but under the decisions of the Department adverse to the 
State the way was opened, and they W'cre not slow to enter their claims. March 
4, 1862, the Attorney General of the State submitted to the General Assembly 
an opinion that the railroad companies were not entitled even to contest the 
right of the State to these lands, under the swamp land grant. A letter from 
the Acting Commissioner of the General Land Office expressed the same 
opinion, and the General Assembly by joint resolution, approved April 7, 1862, 
expressly repudiated the acts of the railroad companies, and disclaimed any 
intention to claim these lands under any other than the act of Congress of 
Sept. 28, 1850. A great deal of legislation has been found necessary in rela- 
tion to these swamp lands. 

IX. — THE RAILKOAD GRANT. 

One of the most important grants of public lands to Iowa for purposes of 
internal improvement was that known as the "Railroad Grant," by act of 
Congress approved May 15, 1856. This act granted to the State of Iowa, for 
the purpose of aiding in the construction of railroads from Burlington, on the 
Mississippi River, to a point on the Missoitri River, near the mouth of Platte 
River ; from the city of Davenport, via Iowa City and Fort Des Moines to 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 213 

Council Bluffs ; from Lyons City northwesterly to a point of intersection with 
the main line of the Iowa Central Air Line Railroad, near Maquoketa ; thence 
on said main line, running as near as practicable to the Forty-second Parallel ; 
across the said State of Iowa to the Missouri River ; from the city of Dubuque 
to a point on the Missouri River, near Sioux City, with a branch from the 
mouth of the Tete des Morts, to the nearest point on said road, to be com- 
pleted as soon as the main road is completed to that point, every alternate section 
of land, designated by odd numbers, for six sections in width on each side of 
said roads. It was also provided that if it should appear, when the lines of those 
roads were definitely fixed, that the United States had sold, or right of pre- 
emption had attached to any portion of said land, the State was authorized to 
select a quantity equal thereto, in alternate sections, or parts of sections, within 
fifteen miles of the lines so located. The lands remaining to the United States 
within six miles on each side of said roads were not to be sold for less than the 
double minimum price of the public lands when sold, nor w^ere any of said lands 
to become subject to private entry until they had been first offered at public 
sale at the increased price. 

Section 4 of the act provided that the lands granted to said State shall be 
disposed of by said State only in the manner following, that is to say : that a, 
quantity of land not exceeding one hundred and twenty sections for each of said 
roads, and included within a continuous length of twenty miles of each of said 
roads, may be sold ; and when the Governor of said State shall certify to the 
Secretary of the Interior that any twenty continuous miles of any of said roads 
is completed, then another quantity of land hereby granted, not to exceed one 
hundred and twenty sections for each of said roads having twenty continuous 
miles completed as aforesaid, and included Avithin a continuous length of tAventy 
miles of each of such roads, may be sold ; and so from time to time until said 
roads are completed, and if any of said roads are not completed within ten 
years, no further sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the 
United States." 

At a special session of the General Assembly of Iowa, by act approved July 
14, 1856, the grant was accepted and the lands were granted by the State to 
the several railroad companies named, provided that the lines of their respective 
roads should be definitely fixed and located before April 1, 1857 ; and pro- 
vided further, that if either of said companies should fail to have seventy-five 
miles of road completed and equipped by the 1st day of December, 1859, and 
its entire road completed by December 1, 1865, it should be competent for the 
State of loAva to resume all rights to lands remaining undisposed of by the 
company so failing. 

The railroad companies, with the single exception of the Iowa Central Air 
Line, accepted the several grants in accordance with the provisions of the above 
act, located their respective roads and selected their lands. The grant to the 
Iowa Central Avas again granted to the Cedar Rapids & Missouri River Railroad 
Company, which accepted them. 

By act, approved April 7, 1862, the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Com- 
pany Avas required to execute a release to the State of certain swamp and school 
lands, included within the limits of its grant, in compensation for an extension 
of the time fixed for the completion of its road. 

A careful examination of the act of Congress does not reveal any special 
reference to railroad companies. The lands were granted to the State, and the 
act evidently contemplate the sale of them hi/ the State, and the appropriation 
of the proceeds to aid in the construction of certain lines of railroad Avithin its. 



214 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

limits. Section 4 of the act clearly defines the authority of the State in dis- 
posing of the lands. 

Lists of all the lands embraced by the grant were made, and certified to the 
State hj the proper authorities. Under an act of Congress approved August 3, 
lb54, entitled "An act to vest in the several States and Territories the title in 
fee of the lands whieh have been or may he cert/tied to them,'' these certified lists, 
the originals of "which are filed in the General Land Office, conveyed to the State 
''the fee simple title to all the lands embraced in such lists that are of the char- 
acter contemplated " by the terms of the act making the grant, and "intended 
to be granted thereby ; but where lands embraced in such lists are not of the 
character embraced by such act of Congress, and were not intended to be granted 
thereby, said lists, so iar as these lands are concerned, shall be perfectly null 
and void; and no right, title, claim or interest shall be conveyed thereby.'" 
Those certified lists made under the act of May 15, 1856, were forty-three in 
number, viz.: For the Burlington & JNIissouri River Railroad, nine ; for the 
jNLssissippi & INIissouri Railroad, 11 ; for the Iowa Central Air Line, thirteen ; 
and for the Dubuque l^^ Sioux City Railroad, ten. The lands thus approved to 
the State were as follows : 

Burlington & Missouri Eiver E. E 287,0^5.34 acres. 

Mississippi & jMissouri Eiver E. E 774,674.36 " 

Cedar Eapids & Missouri Eiver R. E 775,454.19 " 

Dubuque & Sioux City E. R 1,226,558.32 " 

A portion of these had been selected as swamp lands by the State, under 
the act of September :28, 1850, and these, by the terms of the act of August 3, 
1854, could not be turned over to the railroads unless the claim of the State to 
them as swamp was first rejected. It was not possible to determine from the 
records of the State Land Office the extent of the conflicting claims arising under 
the two grants, as copies of the swamp land selections in some of the coimties 
Avere not tiled of record. The Commissioner of the General Land Office, however, 
prepared lists of the lands claimed by the State as swamp under act of September 
28, 1850, and also claimed by the railroad companies under act of May 15, 
1856, amounting to 553,293.33 acres, the claim to which as swamp had been 
rejected by the Department. These were consequently certified to the State as 
railroad lands. There was no mode other than the act of July, 1856, prescribed 
for transferring the title to these lands from the State to the companies. The 
courts had decided that, for the purposes of the grant, the lands belonged to the 
State, and to her the companies should look for their titles. It was generally 
accepted that the act of the Legislature of July, 1856, was all that was neces- 
sary to complete the transfer of title. It was assumed that all the rights and 
powers conferred upon the State by the act of Congress of May 14, 1856, were 
by the act of the General Assembly transferred to the companies : in other 
words, that it was designed to put the companies in the place of the State as the 
grantees from Congress — and, therefore, that which perfected the title thereto 
to the State perfected the title to the companies by virtue of the act of July, 
1856. One of the companies, however, the Burlington & Missouri River Rail- 
road Company, was not entirely satisfied with this construction. Its managers 
thought that some further and specific action of the State authorities in addition 
to the act of the Legislature was necessary to complete their title. This induced 
Gov. Lowe to attach to the certified lists his official certificate, imder the broad 
seal of the State. On the 9th of November, 1859, the Governor thus certified 
to them (commencing at the Missouri River) 187,207.44 acres, and December 
27th, 43,775.70 acres, an ao;o;reirate of 231.073.14 acres. These were the only 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 215 

lands under the grant that were certified by the State authorities with anj 
design of perfecting the title already vested in the company by the act of July, 
1856. The lists which were afterward furnished to the company were simply 
certified by the Governor as being correct copies of the lists received by the 
State from the United States General Land Office. These subsequent lists 
embraced lands that had been claimed by the State under the Swamp Land 
Grant. 

It was urged against the claim of the Companies that the effect of the act 
of the Legislature was simply to substitute them for the State as parties to the 
grant. 1st. That the lands were granted to the State to be held in trust for the 
accomplishment of a specific purpose, and therefore the State could not part 
with the title until that purpose should have been accomplished. 2d. That it 
was not the intention of the act of July 14, 1856, to deprive the State of the con- 
trol of the lands, but on the contrary that she should retain supervision of them 
and the right to withdraw all rights and powers and resume the title condition- 
ally conferred by that act upon the companies in the event of their failure to 
complete their part of the contract. 3d. That the certified lists from the Gen- 
eral Land Office vested the title in the State only by virtue of the act of Con- 
gress approved August 3, 1854. The State Land Office held that the proper 
construction of the act of July 14, 1856, when accepted by the companies, was 
that it became a conditional contract that might ripen into a positive sale of the 
lands as from time to time the work should progress, and as the State thereby 
became authorized by the express terms of the grant to sell them. 

This appears to have been the correct construction of the act, but by a sub- 
sequent act of Congress, approved June 2, 1864, amending the act of 1856, the 
terms of the grant were changed, and numerous controversies arose between the 
companies and the State. 

The ostensible purpose of this additional act was to allow the Davenport k 
Council Bluffs Railroad "to modify or change the location of the uncompleted 
portion of its line," to run through the town of NeAvton, Jasper County, or as 
nearly as practicable to that point. The original grant had been made to the 
State to aid in the construction of railroads within its limits and not to the com- 
panies, but Congress, in 1864, appears to have been utterly ignorant of what 
had been done under the act of 1856, or, if not, to have utterly disregarded it. 
The State had accepted the original grant. The Secretary of the Interior had 
already certified to the State all the lands intended to be included in the grant 
within fifteen miles of the lines of the several railroads. It will be remembered 
that Section 4, of the act of May 15, 1856, specifies the manner of sale of 
these lands from time to time as work on the railroads should progress, and alse 
provided that "if any of said roads are not completed within ten years, no fur- 
ther sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the United States.'* 
Having vested the title to these lands in trust, in the State of Iowa, it is plain 
that until the expiration of the ten years there could be no reversion, and the 
State, not the United States, must control them until the grant should expire 
by limitation. The United States authorities could not rightfully require the 
Secretary of the Interior to certify directly to the companies any portion of 
the lands already certified to the State. And yet Congress, by its act of June 
2, 1864, provided that Avhenever the Davenport & Council Bluffs Railroad Com- 
pany should file in the General Land Office at Washington a map definitely 
showing such new location, the Secretary of the Interior should cause to be cer- 
tified and conveyed to said Company, from time to time, as the road progressed, 
out of any of the lands belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved, or 



216 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

otherwise disposed of, or to which a pre-emption daim or right of homestead had 
not attached, and on which a bona fide settlement and improvement had not 
been made under color of title derived from the United States or from the State 
of Iowa, within six miles of such newly located line, an amount of land per 
mile equal to that originally authorized to be granted to aid in the construction 
of said road by the act to which this was an amendment. 

The term " out of any lands helonging to the United States, not sold, re- 
sei-ved or otherwise disposed of, etc.," w^ould seem to indicate that Congress did 
intend to grant lands already granted, but when it declared that the Company 
should have an amount per mile equal to that originally authorized to be granted, 
it is plain that the framers of the bill were ignorant of the real terms of the 
original grant, or that they designed that the United States should resume the 
title it had already parted with two years before the lands could revert to the 
United States under the original act, which was not repealed. 

A similar change was made in relation to the Cedar Rapids & Missouri 
Hailroad, and dictated the conveyance of lands in a similar manner. 

Like provision was made for the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, and the 
Company was permitted to change the location of its line between Fort Dodge 
and Sioux City, so as to secure the best route between those points ; but this 
change of location was not to impair the right to the land granted in the orig- 
inal act, nor did it change the location of those lands. 

By the same act, the Mississippi & Missouri Railroad Company was author- 
ized to transfer and assign all or any part of the grant to any other company or 
person, " if, in the opinion of said Company, the construction of said railroad 
across the State of Iowa would be thereby sooner and more satisfactorily com- 
pleted ; but such assignee should not in any case be released from the liabilities 
and conditions accompanying this grant, nor acquire perfect title in any other 
manner than the same would have been acquired by the original grantee." 

Still further, the Burlington & INIissouri River Railroad was not forgotten, 
and was, by the same act, empowered to receive an amount of land per mile 
equal to that mentioned in the original act, and if that could not be found within 
the limits of six miles from the line of said road, then such selection might 
be made along such line within twenty miles thereof out of any public lands 
belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved or otherwise disposed of, or 
to which a pre-emption claim or right of homestead had not attached. 

Those acts of Congress, which evidently originated in the ''lobby," occa- 
sioned much controversy and trouble. The Department of the Interior, how- 
ever, recognizing the fact that when the Secretary had certified the lands to the 
State, under the act of 1856, that act divested the United States of title, under 
the vesting act of August, 1854, refused to review its action, and also refused 
to order any and all investigations for establishing adverse claims (except in 
pre-emption cases), on the ground that the United States had parted with the 
title, and, therefore, could exercise no control over the land. 

May 12, 1864, before the passage of the amendatory act above described. 
Congress granted to the State of Iowa, to aid in the construction of a railroad 
from McGregor to Sioux City, and for the benefit of the McGregor Western 
R/iilroad Company, every alternate section of land, designated by odd numbers, 
for ten sections in width on each side of the proposed road, reserving the right 
to substitute other lands whenever it was found that the grant infringed upon 
pre-empted lands, or on lands that had been reserved or disposed of for any other 
purpose. In such cases, the Secretary of the Interior was instructed to select, in 
lieu, lands belonging to the United States lying nearest to the limits specified. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 217 

X. — AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM LANDS. 

An Agricultural College and Model Farm was established by act of the 
General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. By the eleventh section of the, 
act, the proceeds of the five-section grant made for the purpose of aiding in the 
erection of public buildings was appropriated, subject to the approval of Con- 
gress, together with all lands that Congress might thereafter grant to the State 
for the purpose, for the benefit of the institution. On the 23d of March, by 
joint resolution, the Legislature asked the consent of Congress to the proposed 
transfer. By act approved July 11, 1862, Congress removed the restrictions 
imposed in the "five-section grant," and authorized the General Assembly to 
make such disposition of the lands as should be deemed best for the interests of 
the State. By these several acts, the five sections of land in Jasper County 
certified to the State to aid in the erection of public buildings under the act of 
March 3, 1845, entitled " An act supplemental to the act for the admission of 
the States of Iowa and Florida into the Union," were fully appropriated for 
the benefit of the Iowa Agricultural College and Farm. The institution is 
located in Story County. Seven hundred and twenty-one acres in that and 
two hundred in Boone County were donated to it by individuals interested in 
the success of the enterprise. 

By act of Congress approved July 2, 1862, an appropriation was made to 
each State and Territory of 30,000 acres for each Senator and Representative 
in Congress, to which, by the apportionment under the census of 1860, thev 
were respectively entitled. This grant was made for the purpose of endowing 
colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts. 

Iowa accepted this grant by an act passed at an extra session of its Legis- 
lature, approved September 11, 1862, entitled "An act to accept of the grant, 
and carry into execution the trust conferred upon the State of Iowa by an act 
of Congress entitled ' An act granting public lands to the several States and 
Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the 
mechanic arts,' approved July 2, 1862," This act made it the duty of the 
Governor to appoint an agent to select and locate the lands, and provided 
that none should be selected that were claimed by any county as swamp 
lands. The agent was required to make report of his doings to the Governor, 
who was instructed to submit the list of selections to the Board of Trustees of 
the Agricultural College for their approval. One thousand dollars were appro- 
priated to carry the law in^ effect. The State, having two Senators and six 
Representatives in Congress, was entitled to 240,000 acres of land under this 
grant, for the purpose of establishing and maintaining an Agricultural College. 
Peter Melendy, Esq., of Black Hawk County, was appointed to make the selec- 
tions, and during August, September and December, 1863, located them in the 
Fort Dodge, Des Moines and Sioux City Land Districts. December 8, 1864, 
these selections were certified by the Commissioner of the General Land Ofiice, 
and were approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior December 13, 
1864. The title to these lands was vested in the State in fee simple, and con- 
flicted with no other claims under other grants. 

The agricultural lands were approved to the State as 240,000.96 acres; but 
as 35,691.66 acres were located within railroad limits, which were computed at 
the rate of two acres for one, the actual amount of land approved to the State 
under this grant was only 204,309.30 acres, located as follows: 

In Des Moines Land District 6,804.96 acres. 

In Sioux City Land District 59,025.87 " 

In Fort Dodge Land District 138,478.97 " 



218 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

By act of the General Assembly, approved March 29, 1864, entitled, " An 
act authorizing the Trustees of the Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm 
to sell all lands acquired, granted, donated or appropriated for the benefit of 
said college, and to make an investment of the proceeds thereof," all these lands 
were granted to the Agricultural College and Farm, and the Trustees were au- 
thorized to take possession, and sell or lease them. They were then, under the 
control of the Trustees, lands as follows : 

Under the act of July 2, 1852 204,309.30 acres. 

Of the five-section grant 3,200.00 " 

Lands donated in Story County 721.00 " 

Lands donated in Boone County 200.00 " 

Total 208,430.30 acres. 

The Trustees opened an office at Fort Dodge, and appointed Hon. G. W» 
Bassett their agent for the sale of these lands. 



THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

The germ of the free public school system of Iowa, which now ranks sec- 
ond to none in the United States, was planted by the first settlers. They had 
migrated to the " The Beautiful Land " from other and older States, where the 
common school system had been tested by many years' experience, bringing 
with them some knowledge of its advantages, which they determined should be 
enjoyed by the children of the land of their adoption. The system thus planted 
was expanded and improved in the broad fields of the West, until now it is 
justly considered one of the most complete, comprehensive and liberal in the 
country. 

Nor is this to be wondered at when it is remembered humble log school 
houses were built almost as soon as the log cabin of the earliest settlers were 
occupied by their brave builders. In the lead mining regions of the State, the 
first to be occupied by the white race, the hardy pioneers provided the means 
for the education of their children even before they had comfortable dwellings 
for their families. School teachers were among the first immigrants to Iowa. 
Wherever a little settlement was made, the school house was the first united 
public act of the settlers; and the rude, primitive structures of the early time 
only disappeared when the communities had increased in population and wealth, 
and were able to replace them with more commodious and comfortable buildings. 
Perhaps in no single instance has the magnificent progress of the State of Iowa 
been more marked and rapid than in her common school system and in her school 
houses, which, long since, superseded the log cabins of the first settlers. To- 
day, the school houses which everywhere dot the broad and fertile prairies of 
Iowa are unsurpassed by those of any other State in the great Union. More 
especially is this true in all her cities and villages, where liberal and lavish 
appropriations have been voted, by a generous people, for the erection of large, 
commodious and elegant buildings, furnished with all the modern improvements, 
and costing from ^10,000 to ^60,000 each. The people of the State have ex- 
pended more than ^10,000,000 for the erection of public school buildings. 

The first house erected in Iowa was a log cabin at Dubuque, built by James 
L. Langworthy and a few other miners, in the Autumn of 1833. When it was 
completed, George Cabbage was employed as teacher during the Winter of 
1833-4, and thirty-five pupils attended his school. Barrett Whittemore taught 
the second term with twentv-five pupils in attendance. Mrs. Caroline Dexter 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 219 

commenced teaching in Dubuque in March, 1836. She was the first female 
teacher there, and probably the first in Iowa. In 1839, Thomas H. Benton, 
Jr., afterward for ten years Superintendent of Public Instruction, opened an 
English and classical school in Dubuque. The first tax for the support of 
schools at Dubuque was levied in 1840. 

Among the first buildings erected at Burlington was a commodious log school 
house in 1834, in which Mr. Johnson Pierson taught the first school in the 
Winter of 1834-5. 

The first school in Muscatine County was taught by George Bumgardner, 
in the Spring of 1837, and in 1839, a log school house was erected in Musca- 
tine, which served for a long time for school house, church and public hall. 
The first school in Davenport was taught in 1838. In Fairfield, Miss Clarissa 
Sawyer, James F. Chambers and Mrs. Reed taught school in 1839. 

When the site of Iowa City was selected as the capital of the Territory of 
Iowa, in May, 1839, it was a perfect wilderness. The first sale of lots took 
place August 18, 1839, and before January 1, 1840, about twenty families had 
settled within the limits of the town ; and during the same year, Mr. Jesse 
Berry opened a school in a small frame building he had erected, on what is now 
College street. 

The first settlement in Monroe County was made in 1843, by Mr. John R. 
Gray, about two miles from the present site of Eddyville; and in the Summer 
of 1844, a log school house was built by Gray, William V. Beedle, C. Renfro, 
Joseph McMullen and Willoughby Randolph, and the first school was opened 
by Miss Urania Adams. The building was occupied for school purposes for 
nearly ten years. About a year after the first cabin was built at Oskaloosa, a 
log school house was built, in which school was opened by Samuel W. Caldwell 
in 1844. 

At Fort Des Moines, now the capital of the State, the first school was 
taught by Lewis Whitten, Clerk of the District Court in the Winter of 1846-7, 
in one of the rooms on " Coon Row," built for barracks. 

The first school in Pottawattomie County was opened by George Green, a 
Mormon, at Council Point, prior to 1849 ; and until about 1854, nearly, if not 
quite, all the teachers in that vicinity were Mormons. 

The first school in Decorah was taught in 1853, by T. W. Burdick, then a 
young man of seventeen. In Osceola, the first school was opened by Mr. D. 
W. Scoville. The first school at Fort Dodge was taught in 1855, by Cyrus C. 
Carpenter, since Governor of the State. In Crawford County, the first school 
house was built in Mason's Grove, in 1856, and Morris McHenry first occupied 
it as teacher. 

During the first twenty years of the history of Iowa, the log school house pre- 
vailed, and in 1861, there were 893 of these primitive structures in use for 
school purposes in the State. Since that time they have been gradually dis- 
appearing. In 1865, there were 796; in 1870, 336, and in 1875, 121. 

Iowa Territory was created July 3, 1838. January 1, 1839, the Territorial 
Legislature passed an act providing that " there shall be established a common 
school, or schools in each of the counties in this Territory, which shall be 
open and free for every class of white citizens between the ages of five and 
twenty-one years." The second section of the act provided that "the County 
Board shall, from time to time, form such districts in their respective counties 
whenever a petition may be presented for the purpose by a majority of the 
voters resident within such contemplated district." These districts were gov- 
erned by boards of trustees, usually of three persons ; each disti'ict was required 



220 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

to maintain school at least three months in eveiy year ; and later, laws were 
enacted providing for county school taxes for the payment of teachers, and that 
whatever additional sum might be required should be assessed upon the parents 
sending, in proportion to the length of time sent. 

When Iowa Territory became a State, in 1846, with a population of 100,- 
000, and with 20,000 scholars within its limits, about four hundred school dis- 
tricts had been organized. In 1850, there were 1,200, and in 1857, the 
number had increased to 3,265. 

In March, 1858, upon the recommendation of Hon. M. L. Fisher, then Su- 
perintendent of Public Instruction, the Seventh General Assembly enacted that 
" each civil township is declared a school district," and provided that these should 
be divided into sub-districts. This law went into force March 20, 1858, and 
reduced the number of school districts from about 3,500 to less than 900. 

This change of school organization resulted in a very material reduction of 
the expenditures for the compensation of District Secretaries and Treasurers. 
An effort was made for several years, from 1867 to 1872, to abolish the sub- 
district system. Mr. Kissell, Superintendent, recommended, in his report of 
January 1, 1872, and Governor Merrill forcibly endorsed his views in his annual 
message. But the Legislature of that year provided for the formation of inde- 
pendent districts from the sub-districts of district townships. 

The system of graded schools was inaugurated in 18-49 ; and new schools, in 
which more than one teacher is employed, are universally graded. 

The first official mention of Teachers' Institutes in the educational records 
of Iowa occurs in the annual report of Hon. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., made 
December 2, 1850, who said, "An institution of this character was organized a 
few years ago, composed of the teachers of the mineral regions of Illinois, 
Wisconsin and Iowa. An association of teachers has, also, been formed in the 
county of Henry, and an effort was made in October last to organize a regular 
institute in the county of Jones." At that time — although the beneficial 
influence of these institutes was admitted, it was urged that the expenses of 
attending them was greater than teachers with limited compensation M-ere able 
to bear. To obviate this objection, Mr. Benton recommended that '' the sum of 
$150 should be appropriated annually for three years, to be drawn in install- 
ments of $50 each by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and expended 
for these institutions." He proposed that three institutes should be held annu- 
ally at points to be designated by the Superintendent. 

No legislation in this direction, however, was had until March, 1858, when 
an act was passed authorizing the holding of teachers' institutes for periods not 
less than six working days, whenever not less than thirty teachers should desire. 
The Superintendent was authorized to expend not exceeding $100 for any one 
institute, to be paid out by the County Superintendent as the institute might 
direct for teachers and lecturers, and one thousand dollars was appropriated to 
defray the expenses of these institutes. 

December 6, 1858, Mr. Fislier reported to the Board of Education that 
institutes had been appointed in twenty counties within the preceding six months, 
and more would have been, but the appropriation had been exhausted. 

The Board of Education at its first session, commencing December 6, 1858, 
enacted a code of school laws which retained the existing provisions for teachers' 
institutes. 

In March, 1860, the General Assembly amended the act of the Board by 
appropriating " a sum not exceeding fifty dollars annually for one such institute, 
held as provided by law in each county." 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 221 

In 1865, Mr. Faville reported that " the provision made by the State for the 
henefit of teachers' institutes has never been so fully appreciated, both by the 
people and the teachers, as during the last two years." 

By act approved March 19, 1874, Normal Institutes were established in 
each county, to be held annually by the County Superintendent. This was 
regarded as a very decided step in advance by Mr. Abernethy, and in 1876 the 
Sixteenth General Assembly established the first permanent State Normal 
School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, appropriating the building and 
property of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place for that purpose. This 
school is now " in tlie full tide of successful experiment." 

The public school system of Iowa is admirably organized, and if the various 
officers who are entrusted with the educational interests of the commonwealth 
are faithful and competent, should and will constantly improve. 

" The public schools are supported by funds arising from several sources. 
The sixteenth section of every Congressional ToAvnship was set apart by the 
General Government for school purposes, being one-thirty-sixth part of all the 
lands of the State. The minimum price of these lands was fixed at one dollar 
and twent3^-five cents per acre. Congress also made an additional donation to 
the State of five hundred thousand acres, and an appropriation of five per cent. 
on all the sales of public lands to the school funcl. The State gives to this 
fund the proceeds of the sales of all lands which escheat to it ; the proceeds of 
all fines for the violation of the liquor and criminal laws. The money derived 
from these sources constitutes the permanent school fund of the State, which 
cannot be diverted to any other purpose. The penalties collected by the courts 
for fines and forfeitures go to the school fund in the counties where collected. 
The proceeds of the sale of lands and the five per cent, fund go into the State 
Treasury, and the State distributes these proceeds to the several counties accord- 
ing to their request, and the counties loan the money to individuals for long 
terms at eight per cent, interest, on security of land valued at three times the 
amount of the loan, exclusive of all buildings and improvements thereon. The 
interest on these loans is paid into the State Treasury, and becomes the avail- 
able school fund of the State. The counties are responsible to the State for all 
money so loaned, and the State is likewise responsible to the school fund for all 
moneys transferred to the counties. The interest on these loans is apportioned 
by the State Auditor semi-annually to the several counties of the State, in pro- 
portion to the number of persons between the ages of five and twenty-one years. 
The counties also levy an annual tax for school purposes, which is apportioned 
to the several district townships in the same Avay. A district tax is also 
levied for the same purpose. The money arising from these several sources 
constitutes the support of the public schools, and is sufficient to enable 
every sub-district in the State to afford from six to nine months' school 
each year." 

The taxes levied for the support of schools are self-imposed. Under the 
admirable school laws of the State, no taxes can be legally assessed or collected 
for the erection of school houses until they have been ordered by the election of 
the district at a school meeting legally called. The school houses of Iowa are 
the pride of the State and an honor to the people. If they have been some- 
times built at a prodigal expense, the tax payers have no one ^to blame but 
themselves. The teachers' and contingent funds are determined by the Board of 
Directors under certain legal restrictions. These boards are elected annually, 
except in the independent districts, in which the board may be entirely changed 
every three years. The only exception to this mode of levying taxes for support 



222 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of schools is the county school tax, which is determined by the County Board 
of Supervisors. The tax is from one to three mills on the dollar ; usually, 
however, but one. Mr. Abernethy, who was Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion from 1872 to 1877, said in one of his reports : 

There is but little opposition to the levy of taxes for the support of schools, and there 
would be still less if the funds were always properly guarded and judiciously expended. How- 
ever much our people disagree upon other subjects, they are practically united upon this. 
The opposition of wealth has long since ceased to exist, and our wealthy men are usually the 
most liberal in their views and the most active friends of popular education. They are often 
found upon our school boards, and usually make the best of school officers. It is not uncommon 
for Boards of Directors, especially in the larger towns and cities, to be composed wholly of mea 
who represent the enterprise, wealth and business of their cities. 

At the close of 1877, there were 1,086 township districts, 3,138 indepen- 
dent districts and 7,015 sub-districts. There were 9,948 ungraded and 476 
graded schools, with an average annual session of seven months and five days. 
There were 7,348 male teachers employed, whose average compensation was 
^34.88 per month, and 12,518 female teachers, with an average compensation. 
of $28.69 per month. 

The number of persons between the ages 5 and 21 years, in 1877, was 
567.859; number enrolled in public schools, 421,163; total average attendance, 
251,372; average cost of tuition per month, $1.62. There are 9,279 frame, 
671 brick, 257 stone and 89 log school houses, making a grand total of 10,296, 
valued at $9,044,973. The public school libraries number 17,329 volumes. 
Ninety-nine teachers' institutes were held during 1877. Teachers' salaries 
amounted to $2,953,645. There was expended for school houses, grounds, 
libraries and apparatus, $1,106,788, and for fuel and other contingencies, 
$1,136,995, making the grand total of $5,197,428 expended by the generous 
people of loAva for the support of their magnificent public schools in a single 
year. The amount of the permanent school fund, at the close of 1877, was 
$3,462,000. Annual interest, $276,960. 

In 1857, there were 3,265 independent districts, 2,708 ungraded schools, 
and 1,572 male and 1,424 female teachers. Teachers' salaries amounted to 
$198,142, and the total expenditures for schools was only $364,515. Six hun- 
dred and twenty-three volumes were the extent of the public school libraries 
twenty years ago,' and there were only 1,686 school houses, valued at $571,064. 

In twenty years, teachers' salaries have increased from $198,142, in 1857, 
to $2,953,645 in 1877. Total school expenditures, from $364,515 to 
$5,197,428. 

The significance of such facts as these is unmistakable. Such lavish expen- 
ditures can only be accounted for by the liberality and public spirit of the 
people, all of whom manifest their love of popular education and their faith in 
the public schools by the annual dedication to their support of more than one 
per cent, of their entire taxable property ; this, too, uninterruptedly through a 
series of years, commencing in the midst of a war which taxed their energies and 
resources to the extreme, and continuing through years of general depression in 
business — years of moderate yield of produce, of discouragingly low prices, and 
even amid the scanty surroundings and privations of pioneer life. Few human 
enterprises have a grander significance or give evidence of a more noble purpose 
than the generous contributions from the scanty resources of the pioneer for the 
purposes of public education. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 223 



POLITICAL RECORD. 

TERRITORIAL OFFICERS. 

G-overnors — Robert Lucas, 1838-41 ; John Chambers, 1841-45 ; James 
Clarke, 1845. 

Secretaries— WiW'mm B. Conway, 1838, died 1839 ; James Clarke, 1839 ; 
0. H. W. Stull, 1841 ; Samuel J. Burr, 1843 ; Jesse Williams, 1845. 

Auditors— J ease "Williams, 1840 ; Wm. L. Gilbert, 1843 • Robert M. 
Secrest, 1845. 

Treasurers — Thornton Bayliss, 1839 ; Morgan Reno, 1840. 

Judges — Charles Mason, Chief Justice, 1838 ; Joseph Williams, 1838 ; 
Thomas S. Wilson, 1838. 

Presidents of Council — Jesse B. Browne, 1838-9 ; Stephen Hempstead, 
1839-40; M. Bainridge, 1840-1; Jonathan W. Parker, 1841-2; John D. 
Elbert, 1842-3 ; Thomas Cox, 1843-4 ; S. Clinton Hastings, 1845 ; Stephen 
Hempstead, 1845-6. 

Speakers of the House — William H. Wallace, 1838-9 ; Edward Johnston, 
1839-40 ; Thomas Cox, 1840-1 ; Warner Lewis, 1841-2 ; James M. Morgan, 
1842-3 ; James P. Carleton, 1843-4 ; James M. Morgan, 1845 ; George W. 
McCleary, 1845-6. 

First Constitutional Convention, 184-4- — Shepherd Leffler, President ; Geo. 
S. Hampton, Secretary. 

Second Constitutional Convention, 1846 — Enos Lowe, President ; William 
Thompson, Secretary. 

OFFICERS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT. 

Governors — Ansel Briggs, 1846 to 1850 ; Stephen Hempstead, 1850 to 
1854; James W. Grimes, 1854 to 1858 ; Ralph P. Lowe, 1858 to 1860; Sam- 
uel J. Kirkwood, 1860 to 1864 ; William M. Stone, 1864 to 1868 ; Samuel 
Morrill, 1868 to 1872 ; Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1872 to 1876 ; Samuel J. Kirk- 
wood, 1876 to 1877 ; Joshua G. Newbold, Acting, 1877 to 1878 ; John H. 
Gear, 1878 to . 

Lieutenant Gfovernor — Office created by the new Constitution September 3, 
1857— Oran Faville, 1858-9 ; Nicholas J. Rusch, 1860-1 ; John R. Needham, 
1862-3; Enoch W. Eastman, 1864-5; Benjamin F. Gue, 1866-7; John 
Scott, 1868-9; M. M. Walden, 1870-1; H. C. Bulls, 1872-3; Joseph Dy- 
sart, 1874-5 ; Joshua G. Newbold, 1876-7 ; Frank T. Campbell, 1878-9. 

Secretaries of State — Elisha Cutler, Jr., Dec. 5, 1840, to Dec. 4, 1848 ; 
Josiah H. Bonney, Dec. 4, 1848, to Dec. 2, 18o0; George W. McCleary, Dec. 
2, 1850, to Dec. 1, 1856 ; Elijah Sells, Dec. 1, 1856, to Jan. 5, 1863 ; James 
Wright, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 ; Ed. Wright, Jan. 7, 1867, to Jan. 6, 
1873 ; Josiah T. Young, Jan. 6, 1873, to . 

Auditors of State— Joseph T. Fales, Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850 ; Will- 
iam Pattee, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1854; Andrew J. Stevens, Dec. 4, 1854, 
resigned in 1855 ; John Pattee, Sept. 22, 1855, to Jan. 3, 1859 ; Jonathan 
W. Cattell, 1859 to 1865 ; John A. Elliot, 1865 to 1871 ; John Russell, 1871 
to 1875 ; Buren R. Sherman, 1875 to . 

Treasurers of State— Morgan Reno, Dec. 18, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850 ; 
Israel Kister, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1852 ; Martin L. Morris, Dec. 4. 1852, 
to Jan. 2, 1859 ; John W. Jones. 1859 to 1863 ; William H. Holmes, 1863 to 



224 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

1867 ; Samuel E. Rankin, 1867 to 1873 ; William Christy, 1873 to 1877 ; 

George W. Bemis, 1877 to . 

Superintendents of Public Instruction— Of^ce created in 1847 — James Harlan, 
June 5, 1845 (Supreme Court decided election void) ; Thomas H. Benton, Jr., 
May 23, 1844, to June 7, 1854 ; James D. Eads, 1854-7 ; Joseph C. Stone, 
March to June, 1857 ; Maturin L. Fisher, 1857 to Dec, 1858, when the office 
was abolished and the duties of the office devolved upon the Secretary of the 
Board of Education. 

Secretaries of Board of Education — Thomas H. Benton, Jr., 1859-1863; 
Oran Faville, Jan. 1, 1864. Board abolished March 23, 1864. 

Superintendents of Public Instruction — Office re-created March 23, 1864 — 
Oran Faville, March 28, 1864, resigned March 1, 1867 ; D. Franklin Wells, 
March 4, 1867, to Jan., 1870 ; A. S. Kissell, 1870 to 1872 ; Alonzo Abernethy, 
1872 to 1877 ; Carl W. Von Coelln, 1877 to . 

State Binders — Office created Februarv 21, 1855 — William M. Coles, May 
1, 1855, to Mav 1, 1859 ; Frank M. Mills, 1859 to 1867 ; James S. Carter, 
1867 to 1870;" J. J. Smart, 1870 to 1874; H. A. Perkins, 1874 to 1875; 
James J. Smart, 1875 to 1876; H. A. Perkins, 1876 to . 

Registers of the State La)id Office — x\nson Hart, May 5, 1855, to May 
13, 1857 ; Theodore S. Parvin, May 13, 1857, to Jan. 3, 1859 ; Amos B. 
Miller, Jan. 3, 1859, to October, 1862; Edwin Mitchell, Oct. 31, 1862, to 
Jan 5, 1863 ; Josiah A. Harvey, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 ; Cyrus C. 
Carpenter, Jan. 7, 1867, to January, 1871 ; Aaron Brown, January, 1871, to 
to January, 1875 ; David Secor, January, 1875, to . 

State Printers — Office created Jan. 3, 1840 — Grarrett D. Palmer and 
George Paul, 1849; William H. Merritt, 1851 to 1853; William A. Hornish, 
1853 (resigned May 16, 1853); Mahoney & Dorr, 1853 to 1855; Peter 
Moriarty, 1855 to 1857; John Teesdale, 1857 to 1861; Francis W. Palmer, 
1861 to 1869; Frank M. Mills, 1869 to 1870; G. W. Edwards, 1870 to 
1872 ; R. P. Clarkson, 1872 to . 

Ad;jutants G-eneral — Daniel S. Lee, 1851-5 ; Geo. W. McCleary, 1855-7 ; 
Elijah 'Sells, 1857 ; Jesse Bowen, 1857-61; Nathaniel Baker, 1861 to 1877; 
John H. Looby, 1877 to . 

Attorneiis aeneral—D^^i^l C. Cloud, 1853-56 ; Samuel A. Rice, 1856-60 : 
Charles C. Nourse. 1861-4 : Isaac L. Allen, 1865 (resiscned January, 1866) ; 
Frederick E. Bissell, 1866 (died June 12, 1867); Henry^O' Connor, 1867-72; 
Marsena E. Cutts, 1872-6; John F. McJunkin, 1877. 

Presidents of the Senate — Thomas Baker, 1846-7 ; Thomas Hughes, 
1848 ; John J. "Selmaii, 1848-9 ; Enos Lowe. 1850-1 ; William E. Leffing- 
well, 1852-3; Maturin L. Fisher, 1854-5; William W. Hamilton, 1856-7. 
Under the new Constitution, the Lieutenant Governor is President of the 
Senate. 

SjjeaJcers of the Rouse — Jesse B. Brown, 1847-8; Smiley H. Bonhan, 
1849-50: George Temple, 1851-2; James Grant, 1853-4; Reuben Noble, 
l^bb-Q ; Samuel McFariand, 1856-7 ; Stephen B. Sheledv, 1858-9 ; John 
Edwards, 1860-1 : Rush Clark, 1862-3 ; Jacob Butler, 1864-5 : Ed. Wright, 
1866-7 ; John Russell, 1868-9 ; Avlett R. Cotton, 1870-1 ; James Wilson, 
1872-3 ; John H. Gear, 1874-7 ; John Y. Stone, 1878. 

J^cw Constitutional Convention, 1859 — Francis Springer, President ; Thos. 
J. Saunders, Secretary. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 225 

STATE OFFICERS, 1878. 

John H. Gear, Governor; Frank T. Campbell, Lieutenant Governor; Josiah 
T. Young, Secretary of State ; Buren R. Sherman, Auditor of State ; George 
W. Bemis, Treasurer of State; David Secor, Register of State Land Office; 
John H. Looby, Adjutant General; John F. McJunken, Attorney General; 
Mrs. Ada North, State Librarian ; Edward J. Holmes, Clerk Supreme Court ; 
John S. Runnells, Reporter Supreme Court; Carl W. Von Coelln, Superintend- 
ent Public Instruction; Richard P. Clarkson, State Printer; Henry A. Perkins, 
State Binder; Prof. Nathan R. Leonard, Superintendent of Weights and 
Measures; William H. Fleming, Governor's Private Secretary; Fletcher W. 
Young, Deputy Secretary of State; John C. Parish, Deputy Auditor of State; 
Erastus G. Morgan, Deputy Treasurer of State; John M. Davis, Deputy Reg- 
ister Land Office; Ira C. Kling, Deputy Superintendent Public Instruction. 

THE JUDICIARY. 

SUPREME COURT OF IOWA. 

Oliief Justices. — Charles Mason, resigned in June, 1847 ; Joseph Williams, 
Jan., 1847, to Jan., 1848 ; S. Clinton Hastings, Jan., 1848, to Jan., 1849; Joseph 
Williams, Jan., 1849, to Jan. 11, 1855; Geo. G. Wright, Jan. 11, 1855, to Jan., 
1860 ; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1860, to Jan. 1, 1862 ; Caleb Baldwin, Jan., 1862, to 
Jan., 1864; Geo. G. Wright, Jan., 1864, to Jan., 1866; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1866, 
to Jan., 1868; John F. Dillon, Jan., 1868, to Jan., 1870; Chester C. Cole, Jan. 
1, 1870, to Jan. 1, 1871; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to Jan. 1, 1872; Joseph 
M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1872, to Jan. 1, 1874; W. E. Miller, Jan. 1, 1874, to Jan. 1, 
1876; Chester C. Cole, Jan. 1, 1876, to Jan. 1, 1877; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 
1877, to Jan. 1, 1878; James H. Rothrock, Jan. 1, 1878. 

Associate Judges. — Joseph Williams; Thomas S. Wilson, resigned Oct., 
1847; John F. Kinney, June 12, 1847, resigned Feb. 15, 1854; George 
Greene, Nov. 1, 1847, to Jan. 9, 1855; Jonathan C. Hall, Feb. 15, 1854, to 
succeed Kinney, resigned, to Jan., 1855; William G. Woodward, Jan. 9, 1855; 
Norman W. Isbell, Jan. 16, 1855, resigned 1856; Lacen D. Stockton, June 3, 
1856, to succeed Isbell, resigned, died June 9, 1860; Caleb Baldwin, Jan. 11, 
1860, to 1864; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan. 12, 1860; George G. Wright, June 26, 
1860, to succeed Stockton, deceased; elected U. S. Senator, 1870; John F. Dil- 
lon, Jan. 1, 1864, to succeed Baldwin, resigned, 1870; Chester C. Cole, March 
1, 1864, to 1877 ; Joseph M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1868 ; W. E. Miller, October 11, 
1864, to succeed Dillon, resigned; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to succeed 
Wright. 

SUPREME COURT, 1878. 

James H. Rothrock, Cedar County, Chief Justice; Joseph M. Beck, Lee 
County, Associate Justice ; Austin Adams, Dubuque County, Associate Justice ; 
William H. Seevers, Oskaloosa County, Associate Justice; James G. Day, Fre- 
mont County, Associate Justice. 

CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATION. 

UNITED STATES SENATORS. 

(The first General Assembly failed to elect Senators.) 

George W. Jones, Dubuque, Dec. 7, 1848-1858 ; Augustus C. Dodge, Bur- 
lington, Dec. 7, 1848-1855; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, Jan. 6, 1855-1865; 
James W. Grimes, Burlington, Jan. 26, 1858-died 1870 ; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 
Iowa City, elected Jan. 13, 1866, to fill vacancy caused by resignation of James 



22b HISTORY OF THE STATF OF IOWA. 

llavlan : James Harlan, Mt. rioasaut, March 4, 1SG0-1S72 ; James T>. Howell, 
Keokuk, elected Jan. '20, ISTO. to till vacancy caused bv the death of J. W. 
Grimes — term expired March od ; Georoje G* Wriijht, Des Moines, ^larch -1, 
1ST1-1ST7: William B. Allison, Dubm-fue. Marcir-i, 1S7'2 ; Samuel J. Kirk- 
"wood, March 4, 1ST 7. 

MBMEEKS OV llOVSK OV I^KTRKSKXTATIVKS. 

Tarnfihiihith Co)iij)rss — IS40 to IS4^. — S. Clinton Hastino;s : Shepherd 
Leiller. 

Thirtieth Conan'ss — Z>V" to 1S49. — First District. William Thompson ; 
Second District, Shepherd Leiller. 

'Ihirt (/-first Comrrt'ss — 1S49 to 1S51. — Fii-st District, First Session, Wm. 
Thompson; unseated by the House of Kepvesentatives on a contest, and election 
remanded to the pei^ple. First District. Second Session. Daniel F. Miller. 
Second District. Shepherd LetHer. 

Thirtu-socond Couar.ss — iSol to ISoS. — First District, Bernhart Heun. 
Second District. Lincoln Ohvrk. 

Thirtu-third Coth7rcss — icS'o^? to i.S'JJ. — First District. Bernhart Henn. 
Second District, John P. Cook. 

'Thirtu-fourth Conprcss — i>>\>J to lSo7. — First District. Augustus Hall. 
Second District. James Thorington. 

Thirti/-n/th Co)hjrt\<s — .Z^\j" to ISoP. — First District, Samuel E. Curtis. 
Second District, Timothy Davis. 

Thirti/sixth Comjress — ISoP to 1S61. — First District, Samuel R. Curtis. 
Second District, William Yandever. 

Thirtiz-^tTcnth Concrrcsis — IStU to IStki. — First District. First Session, 
Samuel B. Curtis.* First District, Second and Third Sessions, James F. Wil- 
son. Second District. William Yandever. 

Thirtihciijhth Comjriss — i^'feV to IS60. — First District, James F. Wilson. 
Second District. Hiram Price. Third District, AVilliam B. Allison. Fourth 
District, Josiah B. Grinnell. Fifth District, John A. Kassou. Sixth District, 
Asahel W. Hubbard. 

Thirti/-ni)ith Conijrtss — icS'^'J to 1S67. — First District, James F. Wilson ; 
Second District. Hiram Price; Third District, William B. Allison; Fourth 
District. Josiah B. Grinnell; Fifth District. John A. Kasson ; Sixth District, 
Asahel W. Hubbard. 

Fortieth Comjress — 1S67' to 1S69. — First District, James F. Wilson ; Sec- 
ond District, Hiram Price; Third District, William B. Allison, Fourth District, 
William Louo;hridi:;e; Fifth District, Grenville M. Dodge; Sixth District, 
As;ihel W. Hubbard. 

Fortthjirst Cofhjress — i^'f).'^ to IS? I. — First District. George W. McCrary ; 
Second District, William Smyth ; Third District, William B. Allison ; Fourth 
District, William Loughridge ; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer ; Sixth Dis- 
ti'ict, Charles Pomeroy. 

Fortu-^Ci'ond Coturess — 1S71 to IST'S. — First District, George W. Mc- 
Crary ; Second District. Aylett R. Cotton ; Third District. W. G. Donnan ; 
Fourth District. ^L\dison ^L Waldon ; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer : Sixth 
District. Jackson Orr. 

Forttj-third Co)hjrt's$ — i.ST^^ to 1S7'J. — First District. George W. McCrary: 
Second District, Aylett R. Cotton; Third District, William Y. Donnan ; Fourth 
District, Henry 0. Pratt ; Fifth District, James Wilson ; Sixth District, 

"* V*o*ti?vl seat by a>.wp»*n>^* of iromuiission as Brigadier C«»afx*l, »ad .t. TT '\A";',s.5v, chos^iii his sucwes^ir. 




#; j//\ 







HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 22S 

William Loughridge; Seventh District, John A, Kasson ; Eighth District, 
James W. McDill ; Ninth District, Jackson Orr. 

Forty-fourth Congress— 1875 to ic?7/'.— First District, George W. Mc- 
Crary ; Second District, John Q. Tufts ; Third District, L. L. Ainsworth ; 
Fourth District, Henry 0. Pratt; Fifth District, James Wilson ; Sixth District, 
Ezekiel S. Sampson ; Seventh District, John A. Kasson ; Eighth District, 
James W. McDill ; Fifth District, Addison Oliver. 

Forty-fifth Congress — 1S77 to 1879. — First District, J. C. Stone; Second 
District, Hiram Price ; Third District, T. W. Burdick ; Fourth District, H. C. 
Deering ; Fifth District, Rush Clark ; Sixth District, E. S. Sampson ; 
Seventh District, H. J. B. Cummings ; Eighth District, W. F. Sapp ; Ninth 
District, Addison Oliver. 

WAR RECORD. 

The State of Iowa may well he proud of her record during the War of the 
Rebellion, from 1S61 to 1865. The following brief but comprehensive sketch of 
the hibtory she made during that trying period is largely from the pen of Col. A. 
P. Wood, of Dubuque, the author of '' The History of Iowa and the War," one 
of the best works of the kind yet written. 

"Whether in the promptitude of her responses to the calls made on her by 
the Gre-ieral Government, in the courage and constancy of her soldiery in the 
field, or in the wisdom and efficiency with which her civil administration was 
conduct d during the trying period covered by the War of the Rebellion, Iowa 
proved . erself the peer of any loyal State. The proclamation of her Governor, 
responsive to that of the President, calling for volunteers to compose her First 
Regiment, was issued on the fourth day after the fall of Sumter. At the end 
of only a single week, men enough were reported to be in quarters (mostly in 
the vicinity of their own homes) to fill the regiment. These, however, were 
hardly more than a tithe of the number who had been off'ered by company com- 
manders for acceptance under the President's call. So urgent were these offers 
that the Governor requested (on the 24th of April) permission to organize an 
additional regiment. While awaiting an answer to this request, he conditionally 
accepted a sufficient number of companies to compose two additional regiments. 
In a short time, he was notified that both of these would be accepted. Soon 
after the completion of the Second and Third Regiments (which was near the 
close of May), the Adjutant General of the State reported that upward of one 
hundred and seventy companies had been tendered to the Governor to serve 
against the enemies of the Union. 

" Much difficulty and considerable delay occured in fitting these regiments 
for the field. For the First Infantry a complete outfit (not uniform) of clothino- 
was extemporized — principally by the volunteered labor of loyal women in the 
different towns — from material of various colors and qualities, obtained within 
the limits of the State. The same was done in part for the Second Infantry. 
Meantime, an extra session of the General Assembly had been called by the 
Governor, to convene on the loth of May. With but little delav, that'^body 
au':horized a loan of $800,000, to meet the extraordinary expenses incurred, and 
to be incurred, by the Executive Department, in consequence of the new emer- 
gency. A wealthy merchant of the State (Ex-Governor Merrill, then a resident 
of iNIcGregor) immediately took from the Governor a contract to supply a com- 
plete outfit of clothing for the three regiments organized, agreeino- to receive, 
should the Governor so elect, his pay therefor in State bonds at par. This con- 



230 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

tract he executed to tlie letter, and a portion of the clothing (which Avas manu- 
factured in Boston, to his order) was delivered at Keokuk, the place at which 
the troops had rendezvoused, in exactly one month from the day on which the 
contract had been entered into. The remainder arrived only a few days later. 
This clothing was delivered to the regiment, but was subsequently condemned 
by the Government, for the reason that its color was gray, and blue had been 
adopted as the color to be worn by the national troops." 

Other Stat€S also clothed their troops, sent forward under the first call of 
President Lincoln, with gray uniforms, but it was soon found that the con- 
federate forces were also clothed in gray, and that color was at once abandoned 
by the Union troops. If both armies were clothed alike, annoying if not fatal 
mistakes were liable to be made. 

But while engaged in these efforts to discharge her whole duty in common with 
all the other Union-loving States in the great emergency, Iowa was compelled 
to make immediate and ample provision for the protection of her own borders, 
from threatened invasion on the south by the Secessionists of INIissouri, and 
from danger of incursions from the west and northwest by bands of hostile 
Indians, who were freed from the usual restraint imposed upon them by the 
presence of regular troops stationed at the frontier posts. These troops were 
withdrawn to meet the greater and more pressing danger threatening the life of 
the nation at its very heart. 

To provide for the adequate defense of her borders from the ravages of both 
rebels in ai*ms against the Government and of the more irresistible foes from 
the Western plains, the Governor of the State was authorized to raise and equip 
two regiments of infantry, a squadron of cavalry (not less than five companies) 
and a battalion of artillery (not less than three companies.) Only cavalry were 
enlisted for home defense, however, "but," says Col. Wood, "in times of special 
danger, or when calls were made by the Unionists of Northern Missouri for 
assistance against their disloyal enemies, large numbers of militia on foot often 
turned out, and remained in the field until the necessity for their services had 
passed. 

" The first order for the Iowa volunteers to move to the field was received 
on the loth of June. It was issued by Gen. Lyon, then commanding the 
United States forces in Missouri. The First and Second Infantry immediately 
embarked in steamboats, and moved to Hannibal. Some two weeks later, the 
Third Infantry was ordered to the same point. These three, together with 
many other of the earlier organized Iowa regiments, rendered their fii'st field 
service in jNIissouri. The First Infantry formed a part of the little army with 
which Gen. Lyon moved on Springfield, and fought the bloody battle of Wilson's 
Creek. It received unqualified praise for its gallant bearing on the field. In 
the following month (September), the Third loAva, with but very slight support, 
fought with honor the sanguinary engagement of Blue Mills Landing ; and in 
November, the Seventh Iowa, as a part of a force commanded by Gen. Grant, 
greatly distinguished itself in the battle of Belmont, where it poured out its 
blood like water — losing more than half of the men it took into action, 

" The initial operations in which the battles referred to took place were fol- 
lowed by the more important movements led by Gen. Grant, Gen. Curtis, of 
this State, and other commanders, which resulted in defeating the armies 
defending the chief strategic lines held by the Confederates. in Kentucky, Tenn- 
nessee, Missouri and Arkansas, and compelling their Avithdrawal from much of 
the territory previously controlled by them in those States. In these and other 
movements, down to the grand culmiTiating campaign by which Yicksburg was 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 231 

captured and the Confederacy permanently severed on the line of the Mississippi 
River, Iowa troops took part in steadily increasing numbers. In the investment 
and siege of Vicksburg, the State was represented by thirty regiments and two 
batteries, in addition to which, eight regiments and one battery were employed 
on the outposts of the besieging army. The brilliancy of their exploits on the 
many fields where they served won for them the highest meed of praise, both 
in military and civil circles. Multiplied Avere the terms in which expi-ession 
was given to this sentiment, but these words of one of the journals of a neigh- 
boring State, ' The Iowa troops have been heroes among heroes,' embody the 
spirit of all. 

" In the veteran re-enlistments that distinguished the closing months of 1863 
above all other periods in the history of re-enlistments for the national armies^ 
the Iowa three years' men (who were relatively more numerous than those of any 
other State) were prompt to set the example of volunteering for another term of 
equal length, thereby adding many thousands to the great army of those who' 
gave this renewed and practical assurance that the cause of the Union should 
not be left without defenders. 

" In all the important movements of 1864-65, by which the Confederacy 
was penetrated in every quarter, and its military power finally overthrown, the 
Iowa troops took part. Their drum-beat was heard on the banks of every great 
river of the South, from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, and everywhere they 
rendered the same faithful and devoted service, maintaining on all occasions their 
wonted reputation for valor in the field and endurance on the march. 

" Two Iowa three-year cavalry regiments were employed during theii' whole 
term of service in the operations that were in progress from 1863 to 1866 
against the hostile Indians of the western plains. A portion of these men were 
among the last of the volunteer troops to be mustered out of service. The State 
also supplied a considerable number of men to the navy, who took part in most 
of the naval operations prosecuted against the Confederate power on the Atlantic 
and Gulf coasts, and the rivers of the West. 

" The people of Iowa were early and constant workers in the sanitary field,, 
and by their liberal gifts and personal eff"orts for the benefit of the soldiery, 
placed their State in the front rank of those who became distinguished for their 
exhibitions of patriotic benevolence during the period covered by the war. 
Agents appointed by the Governor were stationed at points convenient for ren- 
dering assistance to the sick and needy soldiers of the State, while others were 
employed in visiting, from time to time, hospitals, camps and armies in the field,, 
and doing whatever the circumstances rendered possible for the health and 
comfort of such of the Iowa soldiery as might be found there. 

" Some of the benevolent people of the State early conceived the idea of 
establishing a Home for such of the children of deceased soldiers as might be 
left in destitute circumstances. This idea first took form in 1863, and in the 
following year a Home was opened at Farmington, Van Buren County, in a- 
building leased for that purpose, and which soon became filled to its utmost 
capacity. The institution received liberal donations from the general public,. 
and also from the soldiers in the field. In 1865, it became necessary to pro- 
vide increased accommodations for the large number of children who Avere 
seeking the benefits of its care. This was done by establishing a branch 
at Cedar Falls, in Black Hawk County, and by securing, during the same 
year, for the use of the parent Home, Camp Kinsman near the City of 
Davenport. This property was soon afterward donated to the institution, by 
act of Cono;ress. 



232 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

" In 1866, in pursuance of a law enacted for that purpose, the Soldiers' 
Orphans' Home (which then contained about four hundred and fifty inmates) 
became a State institution, and thereafter the sums necessary for its support were 
appropriated from the State treasury. A second branch was established at 
Glenwood, Mills County. Convenient tracts were secured, and valuable improve- 
ments made at all the different points. Schools were also established, and em- 
ployments provided for such of the children as were of suitable age. In all 
ways the provision made for these wards of the State has been such as to chal- 
lenge the approval of every benevolent mind. The number of children who 
have been inmates of the Home from its foundation to the present time is 
considerably more than two thousand. 

" At the beginning of the war, the population of Iowa included about one 
hundred and fifty thousand men presumably liable to render military service. 
The State raised, for general service, thirty-nine regiments of infantry, nine 
regiments of cavalry, and four companies of artillery, composed of three years' 
men ; one regiment of infantry, composed of three months' men; and four regi- 
ments and one battalion of infantry, composed of one hundred days' men. The 
original enlistments in these various organizations, including seventeen hundred 
and twenty-seven men raised by draft, numbered a little more than sixty-nine 
thousand. The re-enlistments, including upward of seven thousand veterans, 
numbered very nearly eight thousand. The enlistments in the regular army 
and navy, and organizations of other States, will, if added, raise the total to 
upward of eighty thousand. The number of men who, under special enlistments, 
and as militia, took part at difi"erent times in the operations on the exposed 
borders of the State, was probably as many as five thousand. 

" Iowa paid no bounty on account of the men she placed in the field. In 
some instances, toward the close of the war, bounty to a comparatively small 
amount was paid by cities and towns. On only one occasion — that of the call 
of July 18, 1864 — was a draft made in Iowa. This did not occur on account of 
her proper liability, as established by previous rulings of the War Department, 
to supply men under that call, but grew out of the great necessity that there 
existed for raising men. The Government insisted on temporarily setting aside, 
in part, the former rule of settlements, and enforcing a draft in all cases where 
subdistricts in any of the States should be found deficient in their supply of 
men. In no instance was Iowa, as a whole, found to be indebted to the General 
Government for men, on a settlement of her quota accounts." 

It is to be said to the honor and credit of Iowa that while many of the loyal 
States, older and larger in population and wealth, incurred heavy State debts 
for the purpose of fulfilling their obligations to the General Government, Iowa, 
while she was foremost in duty, while she promptly discharged all her obligations 
to her sister States and the Union, found herself at the close of the war without 
any material addition to her pecuniary liabilities incurred before the war com- 
menced. Upon final settlement after the restoration of peace, her claims upon 
the Federal Government were found to be fully equal to the amount of her bonds 
issued and sold dui'ing the war to provide the means for raising and equipping 
her troops sent into the field, and to meet the inevitable demands upon her 
treasury in consequence of the war. 



HISTOEY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 233 

INFANTRY. 

THE FIRST INFANTRY 

was organized under the President's first proclamation for volunteers for three 
months, with John Francis Bates, of Dubuque, as Colonel ; William H. Mer- 
ritt, of Cedar Rapids, as Lieutenant Colonel, and A. B. Porter, of Mt. Pleas- 
ant, as Major. Companies A and C were from Muscatine County; Company 
B, from Johnson County; Companies D and E, from Des Moines County; 
Company F, fi'om Henry County; Company G, from Davenport; Companies 
H and I, from Dubuque, and Company K, from Linn County, and were mus- 
tered into United States service May 14, 1861, at Keokuk. The above com- 
panies were independent military organizations before the war, and tendered 
their services before breaking-out of hostilities. The First was engaged at the 
battle of Wilson's Creek, under Gen. Lyon, where it lost ten killed and fifty 
wounded. Was mustered out at St. Louis Aug. 25, 1861. 

THE SECOND INFANTRY 

was organized, with Samuel R. Curtis, of Keokuk, as Colonel; Jas. M. Tuttle, 
of Keosauqua, as Lieutenant Colonel, and M. M. Crocker, of Des Moines, as 
Major, and was mustered into the United States service at Keokuk in May, 
1861. Company A was from Keokuk; Company B, from Scott County; Com- 
pany C, from Scott County ; Company D, from Des Moines ; Company E, from 
Fairfield, Jefi'erson Co. ; Company F, from Van Buren County ; Company G, 
from Davis County; Company H, from Washington County; Company I, from 
Clinton County ; and Company K, from Wapello County. It participated in the 
following engagements : Fort Donelson, Shiloh, advance on Corinth, Corinth, 
Little Bear Creek, Ala.; Tunnel Creek, Ala.; Resaca, Ga.; Rome Cross Roads, 
Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Nick-a-Jack Creek, in front of Atlanta, January 22, 
1864 ; siege of Atlanta, Jonesboro, Eden Station, Little Ogeechee, Savannah, 
Columbia, S. C. ; Lynch's Creek, and Bentonsville. Was on Sherman's march 
to the sea, and through the Carolinas home. The Second Regiment of Iowa 
Infantry Veteran Volunteers was formed by the consolidation of the battalions 
of the Second and Third Veteran Infantry, and was mustered out at Louisville, 
Ky., July 12, 1865. 

THE THIRD INFANTRY 

was organized with N. G. Williams, of Dubuque County, as Colonel ; John 
Scott, of Story County, Lieutenant Colonel ; Wni. N. Stone, of Marion County, 
Major, and was mustered into the United States service in May, 1861, at 
Keokuk. Company A was from Dubuque County ; Company B, from Marion 
County ; Company C, from Clayton County ; Company D, from Winneshiek 
County ; Company E, from Boone, Story, Marshall and Jasper Counties ; Com- 
pany F, from Fayette County ; Company G, from Warren County ; Company II, 
from Mahaska County ; Company I, from Floyd, Butler Black Hawk and 
Mitchell Counties, and Company K from Cedar Falls. It was engaged at Blu« 
Mills, Mo. ; Shiloh, Tenn. ; Ilatchie River, Matamoras, Vicksburg, Johnson, 
Miss., Meridian expedition, and Atlanta, Atlanta campaign and Sherman's 
march to Savannah, and through the Carolinas to Richmond and Washington. 
The veterans of the Third Iowa Infantry were consolidated with the Second, 
and mustered out at Louisville, Kv., Julv 12, 18ti4. 



234 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

THE FOURTH INFANTRY 

was organized with G. M. Dodge, of Council Bluffs, as Colonel ; John 
Galligan, of Davenport, as Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. R. English, Glenwood, 
as Major. Company A, from Mills County, was mustered in at Jefferson Bar- 
Tacks, Missouri, August 15, 1861 ; Company B, Pottawattamie County, was 
mustered in at Council Bluifs, August 8, 186] ; Company C, Guthrie County, 
mustered in at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., May 3, 1861 ; Company D, Decatur 
County, at St. Louis, August 16th ; Company E, Polk County, at Council 
Bluffs, August 8th ; Company F, Madison County, Jefferson Barracks, August 
15th ; Company G, Ringgold County, at Jefferson Barracks, August 15th ; 
Company H, Adams County, Jefferson Barracks, August 15th; Company I, 
Wayne County, at St. Louis, August 31st; Company K, Taylor and Page 
Counties, at St. Louis, August 31st. Was engaged at Pea Ridge, Chickasaw 
Bayou, Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Jackson, Lookout Mountain, Missionary 
Ridge, Ringgold, Resaca, Taylor's Ridge; came home on veteran furlough 
February 26, 1864. Returned in April, and was in the campaign against 
Atlanta, and Sherman's march to the sea, and thence through the Carolinas 
to Washington' and home. Was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 
2i, 1865. ^ 

THE FIFTH INFANTRY 

was organized with Wm. H. Worthington, of Keokuk, as Colonel; C Z. Mat- 
thias, of Burlington, as Lieutenant Colonel; W. S. Robertson, of Columbus City, 
as Major, and was mustered into the United States service, at Burlington, July 
15, 1861. Company A was from Cedar County; Company B, from Jaspe'r 
County ; Company C, from Louisa County ; Company D, from Marshall County ; 
Company E, from Buchanan County ; Company F, from Keokuk County ; Com- 
pany G, from Benton County ; Company H, from Van Buren County ; Company 
I, from Jackson County ; Company K, from Allamakee County ; was engaged at 
jSTew Madrid, siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Champion Hills, siege of Vicks- 
burg, Chickamauga ; went home on veteran furlough, April, 1864. The non- 
veterans went home July, 1864, leaving 180 veterans who were transferred to 
the Fifth Iowa Cavalry. The Fifth Cavalry was mustered out at Nashville, 
Tennessee, Aug. 11, 1865. 

THE SIXTH INFANTRY. 

was mustered into the service July 6, 1861, at Burlington, with John A. 
McDowell, of Keokuk, as Colonel ; Markoe Cummins, of Muscatine, Lieuten- 
ant Colonel ; John M. Corse, of Burlington, Major. Company A was from 
Linn County; Company B, from Lucas and Clarke Counties; Company C, 
from Hardin County ; Company D, from Appanoose County ; Company E, 
from Monroe County ; Company F, from Clarke County ; Company G, from 
Johnson County ; Company H, from Lee County ; Company I, from Des 
Moines County ; Company K, from Henry County. It was engaged at Shiloh, 
Mission Ridge, Resaca. Dallas, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Jackson, Black 
River Bridge, Jones' Ford, etc., etc. The Sixth lost 7 officers killed in action, 18 
wounded ; of enlisted men 102 were killed in action, 30 died of wounds, 124 of 
disease, 211 were discharged for disability and 301 were Avounded in action, 
which was the largest list of casualties, of both officers and men, of any reg- 
iment from Iowa. Was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 21, 1865. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 235 



THE SEVENTH INFANTRY 



was mustered into the United States service at Burlington, July 24, 1861, 
with J. G. Lauman, of Burlington, as Colonel ; Augustus Wentz, of Daven- 
port, as Lieutenant Colonel, and E. W. Rice, of Oskaloosa, as Major. Com- 
pany A was from Muscatine County ; Company B, from Chickasaw and Floyd 
Counties ; Company C, from Mahaska County ; Companies D and E, from Lee 
County ; Company F, from Wapello County ; Company G, from Iowa County ; 
Company H, from Washington County ; Company I, from Wapello County ; 
Company K, from Keokuk. Was engaged at the battles of Belmont (in which 
it lost in killed, wounded and missing 237 men). Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, 
Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Corinth, Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, New Hope 
Church, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Nick-a-Jack Creek, siege of Atlanta, 
battle on 22d of July in front of Atlanta, Sherman's campaign to the ocean, 
through the Carolinas to Richmond, and thence to Louisville. Was mustered 
out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 12, 1865. 



[HE EIGHTH INFANTRY 



was mustered into the United States service Sept. 12, 1861, at Davenport, 
Iowa, with Frederick Steele, of the regular army, as Colonel ; James L. Geddes, 
of Vinton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and J. C. Ferguson, of Knoxville, as Major. 
Company A was from Clinton County ; Company B, from Scott County ; 
Company C, from Washington County ; Company D, from Benton and Linn 
Counties; Company E, from Marion County; Company F, from Keokuk 
County ; Company G, from Iowa and Johnson Counties ; Company H. from 
Mahaska County ; Company I, from Monroe County ; Company K, from Lou- 
isa County. Was engaged at the following battles : Shiloh (where most of the 
regiment were taken prisoners of war), Corinth, Vicksburg, Jackson and Span- 
ish Fort. Was mustered out of the United States service at Selma, Alabama, 
April 20, 1866. 

THE NINTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service September 24, 1861, at Dubuque, 
with Wm. Vandever, of Dubuque, Colonel ; Frank G. Herron, of Dubuque, 
Lieutenant Colonel : Wm. H. Coyle, of Decorah, Major. Company A was 
from Jackson County ; Company B, from Jones County ; Company C, from Bu- 
chanan County ; Company D, from Jones County ; Company E, from Clayton 
County ; Company F, from Fayette County ; Company G, from Black Hawk 
County ; Company H, from Winneshiek County ; Company I, from Howard 
County and Company K, from Linn County. Was in the following engage- 
ments": Pea Ridge, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg, 
Ringgold, Dallas, Lookout Mountain, Atlanta campaign, Sherman's march to 
the sea, and through North and South Carolina to Richmond. Was mustered 
out at Louisville, July 18, 1865. 

THE TENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service at Iowa City September 6, 1861, 
with Nicholas Perczel, of Davenport, as Colonel ; W. E. Small, of Iowa City, 
as Lieutenant Colonel ; and John C. Bennett, of Polk County, as Major. Com- 
pany A was from Polk County ; Company B, from Warren County ; Company 
C, from Tama County ; Company D, from Boone County ; Company E, from 
Washington County ; Company F, from Poweshiek County ; Company G, from 



236 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Warren County : Company IT, from Groono County ; Company I, from Jasper 
County : Company K, from Polk and Madison Counties. Participated in the 
following engagements : Siege of Corintli, luka, Corinth, Port Gibson, Ray- 
mond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Yicksburg and JNIission Ridge. In Septem- 
ber, IStU. the non-veterans being mustered out, the veterans were transferred 
to the Fifth Iowa Cavalry, -where will be found their future operations. 

THE ELEVENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service at Davenport, Iowa, in September 
and October, ISGl, with A. ^I. Hare, of Muscatine, as Colonel ; Jno. C. Aber- 
crombie, as Lieutenant Colonel ; "Wm. Hall, of Davenport, as Major. Com- 
pany A Avas from Muscatine ; Company B, from Marshall and Hardin Counties ; 
Company C, from Louisa County ; Company D, from Muscatine County ; Com- 
pany E, from Cedar County ; Company F, from Washington County ; Company 
G, from Henry County ; Company II, from Muscatine County ; Company I 
from Muscatine County ; Company K, from Linn County. Was engaged in the 
battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, battles of Corinth, Yicksburg, Atlanta cam- 
paign, battle of Atlanta, July '2'2, 1864. Was mustered out at Louisville, Kv.. 
Jul}^ 15, 18G5. 

THE TWELFTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service November 25, 1861. at Dubuque, 
with J. J. Wood, of IMaquoketa, as Colonel ; John P. Coulter, of Cedar Rapids, 
Lieutenant Colonel ; Samuel D. Brodtbeck, of Dubuque, as Major. Company 
A was from Hardin County : Company B, from Allamakee County ; Company C, 
from Fayette County; Company D, from Linn County : Company E, from Black 
Hawk County ; Company F, from Delaware Counry ; Company G, from AVinne- 
shiek County ; Company H, from Dubuque and Delaware Counties ; Company 
I, from Dubuque and Jackson Counties : Company K, from Delaware County. 
It was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, where most of the regiment was 
captured, and those not captured were organized in what was called the Union 
Brigade, and Avere in the battle of Corinth ; the prisoners were exchanged 
November 10, 1862, and the regiment re-organized, and then participating in 
the siege of Yicksburg, battle of Tupelo. !Miss.: White River, Nashville and 
Spanish Fort. The regiment was mustered out at Memphis, January 20, 1866. 



THE TUlKTEENXn INFANTRY 

was mustered in November 1, 1861, at Davenport, with INI. M. Crocker, of Des 
Moines, as Colonel; M. M. Price, of Davenport, Lieutenant Colonel: John 
Shane, \'inton. Major. Company A was from Mt. Yernon ; Company B, from 
Jasper County ; Company C, from Lucas County ; Company D, from Keokuk 
County : Company E, from Scott County ; Company F, from Scott and Linn 
Counties ; Company G, from Benton County ; Company II, froui ^larshall County ; 
Company I, froui Washington County ; Company K, from Washington County. 
It participated in the following engagements : Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Corinth, 
Kenesaw Mountain, siege of Yicksburg, Campaign against Atlanta. Was on 
Sherman's march to the sea, auil through North and South Carolina. Was 
mustered out at Louisville July 21. 1865. 



Till' FOrilTEEXTn INFANTRY 



was mustered in the United States service October, 1861, at Davenport, with 
Wm. T. Shaw, of Anamosa, as Colonel ; Edward W. Lucas, of Iowa Citv. as 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 237 

Lieutenant Colonel; Hiram Leonard, of Des Moines County, as Major. Com- 
pany A was from Scott County ; Company B, from Bremer County ; Company 
D, from Henry and Van Buren Counties ; Company E, from Jasper County ; 
Company F, from Van Buren and Henry Counties ; Company G, from Tama and 
Scott Counties; Company H, from Linn County; Company I, from Henry 
County ; Company K, from Des Moines County. Participated in the follow- 
ing engagements : Ft. Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth (where most of the regiment 
were taken prisoners of war), Pleasant Hill, Meridian, Ft. De Russey, Tupelo, 
Town Creek, Tallahatchie, Pilot Knob, Old Town, Yellow Bayou, etc., etc., 
and was mustered out, except veterans and recruits, at Davenport, Iowa, No- 
vember 16, 1864. 

THE FIFTEENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service March 19, 1862, at Keokuk, with 
Hugh T. Reid, of Keokuk, as Colonel ; Wra. Dewey, of Fremont County, as 
Lieutenint Colonel ; W. W. Belknap, of Keokuk, as Major. Company A was 
from Linn County; Company B, from Polk County; Company C, from Mahaska 
County ; Company D, from Wapello County ; Company E, from Van Buren 
County ; Company F, from Fremont and Mills Counties ; Company G, from 
Marion and Warren Counties ; Company H, from Pottawattamie and Harrison 
Counties ; Company I, from Lee, Van Buren and Clark Counties ; Company K, 
from Wapello, Van Buren and Warren Counties. Participated in the battle of 
Shiloh, siege of Corinth, battles of Corinth, Vicksburg, campaign against At- 
lanta, battle in front of Atlanta, July 22, 1864, and was under fire during 
the siege of Atlanta eighty-one days; was on Sherman's march to the sea, and 
through the Carolinas to Richmond, Washington and Louisville, where it was 
mustered out, August 1, 1864. 

THE SIXTEENTH INFANTRY 



was mustered into the L^nited States service at Davenport, Iowa, December 10, 

1861, Avith Alexander Chambers, of the regular army, as Colonel; A. H. 
Sanders, of Davenport, Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. Purcell, of Muscatine. 
Major. Company A was from Clinton County ; Company B. from Scott 
County ; Company C, from Muscatine County ; Company D, from Boone County ; 
Company E, from Muscatine County ; Company F, from Muscatine, Clinton and 
Scott Counties ; Company G, from Dubuque County : Company H, from Du- 
buque and Clayton Counties ; Company I, from Black Hawk and Linn Counties ; 
Company K, from Lee aid INIuscatine Counties. Was in the battles of Shiloh, 
siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Kenesaw Mountain, Nick-a-Jack Creek, battles 
around Atlanta; was in Sherman's campaigns, and the Carolina campaigns. 
Was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 19, 1865. 

THE SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service at Keokuk, in March and April, 

1862, with Jno. W. Rankin, of Keokuk, Colonel ; D. B. Hillis, of Keokuk, 
as Lieutenant Colonel; Samuel M. Wise, of Mt. Pleasant, Major. Company 
A was from Decatur County; Company B, from Lee County; Company C, 
from Van Buren, Wapello and Lee Counties ; Company D, from Des Moines, 
Van Buren and Jefterson Counties; Company E, from Wapello County; Com- 
pany F, from Appanoose County; Company G, from Marion County; Com- 
pany H, from Marion and Pottawattamie Counties; Company I, from Jefi'erson 
and Lee Counties; Company K, from Lee and Polk Counties. They were in 



238 niSTOKY OF thk statk of unvA. 

rlio following ougngomonts: Siogo of Corinth, luka, Oorinth. Jackson. Cham- 
pion Hills, Forr Hill, siogo of Nioksburg. Mission Kiiigo, and at Tilton, Oa., 
Oct. lt\ 18lU. most of the regiment were taken prisoners of >Yar. Wa^-i mus- 
tered out at l.onisville. Ky.. July -o. ISt^o. 

TIVK EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY 

wa^ mustered into the United States service August o. and 7, 1S6*2, at Clin- 
ton. ^vith John l\d\vards, of Chariton. Colonel: T. Z. Cook, of Cedar Rapids, 
Lieutenant Colonel: Hugh d. Campbell, of Muscatine, as Major. Company 
A, was from Linn and various other counties ; Company B, from Clark County : 
Company C, from l-ncas County; Company D. from Keokuk and Wapello 
Counties : Company E. from Muscatine County: Company F, from Appanoose 
County: Company 0. from Marion and AVarren Counties: Company H, from 
Fayette ai\d Benton Counties: Company L from ^V ash ington County: Com- 
pany K, from ^Yapello, Muscatine and Henry Counties, and was engt\ged in 
the battles of Springtield, ^loscow. Poison Spring, Ark., and was mustered out 
at Little Kock. Ark., duly ilO, 18t>5. 

THE NINETEENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service August 17, ISt^i!. at Keokuk, witli 
Benjamin Crabb, of Washington, as Colonel : Samuel McFarland, of Mt. Pleas- 
ant. Lieutenant Colonel, and Haniel Kent, of Ohio. Major. Company A was 
from Lee and Van Buren Counties: Company B. from detferson County: Com- 



v«ivMc-. ^ ai. iv^i'iiii;, J. ii^.v.>(.> xm fi c-vptMii i<.'u. cu'i iiui; L'aiiii, lOfiiK'uutfr _«', .1011,0, 

at which place they surrendered: three othcers and eight enlisted men were 
killed, sixteen enlisted men were wounded, and eleven othcei's and two hundred 
and three enlisted men taken prisonei-s out of live hundred engtiged: they 
were exchanged duly i!ild. and joined their regiment August 7th. at New Or- 
leans. Was engaged at Spanish Fort. Was mustered out at Mobile. Ala., July 
10. IStv^. 

THE TWENTIETH INFANTBY 

wa* mustered into the United States service August 25, 18t>-. at Cliiuoxi, with 
Wm. McE. l\ve. of Marion. Linn Co., as Colonel : J. B. Leek, of Davenport, as 
liieutenant Colonel, and Wm. 0. Thompson, of Marion. Linn Co., as Major. 
Companies A, B. F, 11 and 1 were fivm Linn County : (.^ompanies C, D. E. G 
and K, from Scott County, and was engaged in the following battles: Pnurio 
Orove, and assjuilt on Fort Blakelv. Was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., July 
.^. 1865. 

THE TWENTY -FIRST INFANTRY 

was mustered into the service at Clinton in June and August. lSt^-l. with 
Samuel Merrill (^late Ooveruvn- of lowa^i as Colonel : Charles W. Dunlap, of 
Mitchell, as Lieutenant Colonel: S. 0. VanAnda. of Delhi, as Major. Com- 
pany A was from Mitchell and Black Hawk Counties : Company B. from 
Clayton County ; Company C. fron\ Dubuque County : Company D. from 
Clayton County; Oorapauy E, from Dubu»|ue County; Oorapanv F. from Du- 
buque County : Companv C. fnMu Clayton County: Company ll. from Dela- 



HISTOUV OF THE STATH OF IOWA. 239 

Avarc County ; Company 1, from Dubuque County ; Company K, from Delaware 
County, and Avas in the following engagements : ilartsville, Mo. ; Black River 
Bridge, Fort Beauregard, was at the siege of Vieksburg, Mobile, Fort Blakely, 
and was nnistered out at Baton Rouge, La., July 15, 18G5. 

THE T\VENTY-SECOND INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service Sept. 10, 1862, at Iowa City, with 
Wm. M. Stone, of Knoxville (since Governor of Iowa), as Colonel ; J no. A. 
Garrett, of Newton, Lieutenant Colonel ; and Harvey Graham, of Iowa City, 
as Major. Company A was from Johnscni County ; Company B, Johnson 
County ; Company C, Jasper County ; Company D, Monroe County ; Company 
E, Wa})ello County ; Company F, Johnson County ; Company G, Johnson 
County ; Company 11, Johnson County ; Company I, Johnson County ; Com- 
pany K.Johnson County. Was engaged at Vieksburg. Thompson's Hill, Cham- 
pion Hills, Sherman's campaign to Jackson, at Winchester, in Shenandoah Val- 
ley, losing 100 men, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. Mustered out at Savannah, 
G*a.. July 25, 18(35. 

THE TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY 

was mustered into United States service at Des Moines, Sept. 19, 1862, with 
AVilliam Dewey, of Sidney, as Colonel; W. II. Kinsman, of Council Bluffs, as 
Lieutenant Colonel, and S. L. Glasgow, of Corydon, as Major. Companies 
A, B and C, were from Polk County: Company D, from Wayne County; Com- 
pany E, from Bottawattamie County; Company F, from ]Montgomery Count3" ; 
Company G, from Jasper County; Company II, from Madison County; Com- 
pany I, from Cass County, and Company K, from INIarshall County. Was in 
Vieksburg, and engaged at Port Gibson, Black River, Champion Hills, A^'icks- 
burg, Jackson, INIilliken's Bend, Fort Blakely, and was mustered out at Harris- 
burg, Te.\as, July 26, 1865 

THE TWENTY-FOURTH 

was mustered into United States service at ^luscatine, September 18. 1862, 
Avith Eber C. Byam, of Mount Vernon, as Colonel; John Q. Wilds, of Mount 
Vernon, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Ed. Wright', of Springdule, as Major. 
Oompiuiy A was from Jackson and Clinton Counties ; Companies B and C, 
from Cedar County; Company D, from Washington, Johnson and Cedar 
Counties; Company E, from Tama County; Companies F, G and H, from 
Linn County : Company I, from Jackson County, and Company K, from Jones 
County. Was engaged at Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Gen. Banks' Red 
River expedition; Winchester and Cedar Creek. Was mustered out at Savan- 
nah. Ga., July 17, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY 

was organized with George A. Stone, of Mount Pleasant, as Colonel: Fabian 
Brydoif as Lieutenant Colonel, and Calom Taylor, of Bloomfield, as Major, 
and was mustered into United States service at Mount Pleasant, September 27. 
1862. Companies A and I were from Washington County; Companies B and 
H, from Henry County ; Company C, Irom Henry and Lee Counties ; Com- 
panies D. E and G, from Des Moines County : Company F, from Louisa 
County, and Company K. from Des Moines and Lee Counties. Was engaged 
iit Arkansas Post. Vicksburij, Walnut BluiV, Chattanooga, Campain, Ring- 



240 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

gold, Ga., Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, battles around Atlanta, Love- 
joy Station, Jonesboro, Ship's Gap, Bentonville, and on Sherman's march, 
through Georgia and the Carolmas, to Richmond and Washington. Was 
mustered out at Washington, D. C, June 6, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-SIXTH 

was organized and mustered in at Clinton, in August, 1862, with Milo Smith,. 
of Clinton, as Colonel ; S. G. Magill^ of Lyons, as Lieutenant Colonel, and 
Samuel Clark, of De Witt, as Major. Company A was from Clinton and 
Jackson Counties ; Company B, from Jackson County ; Companies C, D, E, 
F, G, H, I and K, from Clinton County. Was engaged at Arkansas Post,. 
Vicksburg, Snake Creek Gap, Ga., Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, De- 
catur, siege of Atlanta, Ezra Church, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, Ship's Gap,, 
Sherman's campaign to Savannah, went through the Carolinas, and was mus- 
tered out of service at Washington, D. C, June 6, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-SEVENTH 

was mustered into United States service at Dubuque, Oct. 3, 1862, with James 
I. Gilbert, of Lansing, as Colonel ; Jed Lake, of Independence, as Lieutenant 
Colonel ; and G. W. Howard, of Bradford, as Major. Companies A, B and I 
were from Allamakee County ; Companies C and H, from Buchanan County ; 
Companies D and E, from Clayton County ; Company F, from Delaware 
County ; Company G, from Floyd and Chickasaw Counties, and Company K, 
from Mitchell County. Engaged at Little Rock, Ark., was on Red River ex- 
pedition. Fort De Russey, Pleasant Hill, Yellow Bayou, Tupelo, Old Town 
Creek and Fort Blakely. Was mustered out at Clinton, Iowa, Aug. 8, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-EIGHTH 

was organized at Iowa City, and mustered in Nov. 10, 1862, with William E. 
Miller, of Iowa City, as Colonel; John Connell, of Toledo, as Lieutenant Colonel, 
and H. B. Lynch, of Millersburg, as Major. Companies A and D were 
from Benton County ; Companies B and G, from Iowa County ; Companies 
C, H and I, from Poweshiek County; Company E, from Johnson County; 
Company F, from Tama County, and Company K, from Jasper County. Was- 
engaged at Port Gibson, Jackson and siege of Vicksburg; was on Baliks' Red 
River expedition, and engaged at Sabine Cross Roads ; was engaged in Shen- 
andoah Valley, Va., and engaged at Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. 
Was mustered out of service at Savannah, Ga., July 31, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-NINTH 

was organized at Council Bluffs, and musteted into the United States service 
December 1, 1862, with Thomas H. Benton, Jr., of Council Bluffs, as Colonel; 
R. F. Patterson, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and Charles B. Shoe- 
maker, of Clarinda, as Major. Company A was from Pottawattamie County; 
Company B, from Pottawattamie and Mills Counties ; Comuany C, from Harrison 
County ; Company D, from Adair and Adams Counties , Company E, from 
Fremont County ; Company F, from Taylor County ; Company G, from Ring- 
gold County. Was engaged at Helena, Arkansas and Spanish Fort. Was 
mustered out at New Orleans August 15, 1865. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 241 



THE THIRTIETH INFANTRY 

was organized at Keokuk, and mustered into the United States service September 
23, 1862, with Charles B. Abbott, of Louisa County, as Colonel; Wm. M. G. Tor- 
rence, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and Lauren Dewey, of Mt. Pleasant, as 
Major. Companies A and I were from Lee County ; Company B, from Davis 
County ; Compan;y C, from Des Moines County ; Company D, from Van Buren 
County ; Companies E and K from Washington County ; Company F, from 
Davis County ; and Companies G and H, from Jefferson County. Was 
engaged at Arkansas Post, Yazoo City, Vicksburg, Cherokee, Ala., Ringgold, 
Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Lovejoy Station, Jonesboro, Taylor's 
Ridge; was in Sherman's campaigns to Savannah and through the Carolinas to 
Richmond ; was in the grand review at Washington, D. C, where it was mus- 
tered out June 5, 1865. 

THE THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY 

was mustered into the service at Davenport October 13, 1862, with William 
Smyth, of Marion, as Colonel ; J. W. Jenkins, of Maquoketa, as Lieutenant 
Colonel ; and Ezekiel Cutler, of Anamosa, as Major. Company A was from 
Linn County; Companies B, C and D, from Black Hawk County; Companies 
E, G and H, from Jones County ; Companies F, I and K, from Jackson County. 
Was engaged at Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Raymond, Jackson, Black 
River, Vicksburg, Cherokee, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ringgold, 
Taylor's Hills, Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Dallas, New Hope Church, Big 
Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro ; was in Sherman's campaign 
through Georgia and the Carolinas, and was mustered out at Louisville, Ken- 
tucky, June 27, 1865 

THE THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY 

was organized at Dubuque, with John Scott, of Nevada, as Colonel ; E. H. 
-Mix, of Shell Rock, as Lieutenant Colonel, and G. A. Eberhart, of Waterloo, 
as Major. Company A was from Hamilton, Hardin and Wright Counties ; 
Company B, from Cerro Gordo County ; Company C, from Black Hawk 
County ; Company D, from Boone County; Company E, from Butler County; 
Company F, from Hardin County ; Company G, from Butler and Floyd Coun- 
ties ; Company H, from Franklin County ; Company I, from Webster County, 
and Company K, from Marshall and Polk Counties, and was mustered into 
the United States service October 5, 1862. Was engaged at Fort De Russey, 
Pleasant Hill, Tupelo, Old Town Creek, Nashville, etc., and was mustered out 
of the United States service at Clinton, Iowa, Aug. 24, 1865. 

THE THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY 

was organized at Oskaloosa, with Samuel A. Rice, of Oskaloosa, as Colonel ; 
Cyrus H. Maskey, of Sigourney, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Hiram D. Gibson, 
of Knoxville, as Major. Companies A and I were from Marion County; Com- 
panies B, F and H, from Keokuk County ; Companies C, D, E and K, from 
Makaska County, and Company G, from Marion, Makaska and Polk Counties, 
and mustered in October 1, 1862. Was engaged at Little Rock, Helena, Sa- 
line River, Spanish Fort and Yazoo Pass. Was mustered out at New Orleans, 
July 17, 1865. 



242 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



THE THIRTY-FOURTH INFANTRY' 

was organized with George W. Clark, of Indianola, as Colonel ; W. S. Dunsian^ 
of Chariton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and R. D. Kellogg, of Decatur County, as 
Major, and mustered in at Burlington, October 15. 1862, Companies A and I 
were from Decatur County ; Companies B, C and D, from Warren County ; Com- 
pany E, from Lucas County; Company F, from "Wayne County: Company G, 
from Lucas and Clark Counties : Company IL from ^ladison and Warren 
Counties, and Company K, from Lucas County. Was engaged at Arkansas 
Post, Ft. Gaines, etc., etc. Was consolidated with the Thirty-eighth Infantry., 
January 1, 1865, and mustered out at Houston, Texas, August 15, 1865. 

THE THIRTY-FIFTH INFANTRY 

was organized at jSIuscatine, and mustered in the United States service Sep- 
tember"l8, 1862, with S. G. Hill, of Muscatine, as Colonel ; James H. Roth- 
rock, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Henry O'Conner, of Muscatine, as Major. 
Companies A. B. C, D and E. were from Muscatine County: Company F, 
from Muscatine and Louisa Counties : Companies G. H and I, from Muscatine 
and Cedar Counties, and Company K. from Cedar County. Participated in 
the battles of Jackson, siege of Vicksburg, Bayou Rapids, Ba^^ou de Glaze, 
Pleasant Hill. Old River Lake, Tupelo, Nashville, etc. Was mustered out at 
Davenport. August 10, 1865. 



THE THIRTY'-SIXTH INFANTRY 

was organized at Keokuk, with Charles W. Kittredge, of Ottumwa, as Colonel : 
F. M. Drake, of Unior.ville, Appanoose County, as Lieutenant Colonel, and T. 

C. Woodward, of Ottumwa. as Major, and mustered in October 4, 1862 ; Com- 
pany A was from ]Monroe County ; Companies B, D, E, H and K, from 
Wapello County^, and Companies C, F, G and I, from Appanoose County. 
Was engaged in the following battles : Mark's Mills. Ark. ; Elkins' Ford, 
Camden, Helena, Jenkins' Ferry, etc. At Mark's Mills, April 25. 1864. out 
of 500 engaged, lost 200 killed and wounded, the balance being taken prisoners 
of war : was exchanged October 6, 1864. Was mustered out at Duvall's Bluti', 
Ark.j August 24, 1865. 

THE THIRY-SEVENTH INFANTRY (OR GRAY BEARDS, 

was organized with Geo. W. Kincaid. of Muscatine, as Colonel : Geo. R. West, 
ot Dubiique, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Lyman Allen, of Iowa City, as Major, 
and was mustered into United States service at Muscatine December 15, 1862. 
Company A was from Black Hawk and Linn Counties : Company B, from 
IMuscatiiie County : Company C, from Yan Buren and Lee Counties : Company 

D. from Johnsonanil Iowa Counties : Company E, from Wapello and Mahaska 
Counties : Company F. from Dubuque County : Company G. from Appanoose, 
Des Moines, Henry and Washington Counties : Company H. from Henry and 
Jeft'erson Counties : Company I. from Jasper. Linn and other counties, and 
Company K, from Scott and Fayette Counties. The object of the Thirty- 
seventh was to do garrison duty and let the young men go to the front. It was 
mustered out at Davenport on expiration of fhree years" serrice. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 243 



THE THIRTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY 

was organized at Dubuque, and mustered in November 4, 1862, with D. H. 
Hughes, of Decorah, as Colonel ; J. 0. Hudnutt, of Waverly, as Lieutenan, 
Colonel, and Charles Chadwick, of West Union, as Major. Companies A, Ft 
G and H were from Fayette County ; Company B, from Bremer County ; Com- 
pany C, from Chickasaw County ; Companies D, E and K, from Winneshiek 
County, and Company I, from Howard County. Participated in the siege of 
Vicksburg, Banks' Red River expedition, and on December 12, 1864, was 
consolidated with the Thirty-fourth Infantry. Mustered out at Houston, Texas, 
August 15, 1865. 

THE THIRTY-NINTH INFANTRY 

was organized with H. J. B. Cummings, of Winterset, as Colonel; James Red- 
field, of Redfield, Dallas County, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and J. M. Griffiths, 
of Des Moines, as Major. Companies A and F were from Madison County : 
Companies B and I, from Polk Couuty ; Companies C and H, from Dallas 
County ; Company D, from Clark County ; Company E, from Greene County ; 
Company G, from Des Moines and Henry Counties ; and Company K, from 
Clark and Decatur Counties. Was engaged at Parker's Cross Roads, Tenn.; 
Corinth, Allatoona, Ga.; Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Sherman's march 
to Savannah and through the Carolinas to Richmond, and was mustered out at 
Washington June 5, 1865. 

THE FORTIETH INFANTRY 

was organized at Iowa City November 15, 1862, with John A. Garrett, of 
Newton, as Colonel; S. F. Cooper, of Grinnell, as Lieutenant Colonel; and 
S. G. Smith, of Newton, as Major. Companies A and H were from Marion 
County; Company B, from Poweshiek County; Company C, from Mahaska 
County ; Companies D and E, from Jasper County ; Company F, from Ma- 
haska and Marion Counties ; Company G, from Marion County ; Company I, 
from Keokuk County; and Company K, from Benton and other counties. Par- 
ticipated in the siege of Vicksburg, Steele's expedition. Banks' Red River 
expedition. Jenkins' Ferry, etc. Was mustered out at Port Gibson August 2, 
1866. 

THE FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY, 

formerly Companies A, B and C of the Fourteenth Infantry, became Compa- 
nies K, L and M of the Seventh Cavalry, under authority of the War Depart- 
ment. Its infantry organization was under command of John Pattee, of Iowa 
City. Company A was from Black Hawk, Johnson and other counties ; Com- 
pany B, from Johnson County ; and Company C, from Des Moines and various 
counties. 

THE FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) 

was organized at Davenport, and mustered in June 1, 1864. Company A was 
from Dubuque County; Company B, Muscatine County; Company C, Jones, 
Linn and Dubuque Counties ; Company D, Johnson and Linn Counties ; Com- 
pany E, Bremer and Butler Counties ; Company F, Clinton and Jackson 
Counties ; Company G, Marshall and Hardin Counties ; Company H, Boone 
and Polk Counties ; Companies I and K, Scott County. The Forty-fourth 
did garrison duty at Memphis and La Grange, Tenn. Mustered out at Daven- 
port, September 15, 1864. 



244 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

THE FORTY-FIFTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) 

was mustered in at Keokuk, May 25, 1864, with A. H. Bereman, of Mount 
Pleasant, as Colonel ; S. A. Moore, of Bloomfield, as Lieutenant Colonel, and 
J. B. Hope, of Washington, as Major. The companies were from the following 
counties : A, Henry ; B, Washington ; C, Lee ; D, Davis ; E, Henry and 
Lee ; F, Des Moines ; G, Des Moines and Henry ; H, Henry ; I, Jefferson, 
and K, Van Buren. Was mustered out at Keokuk, September 16, 1864. 

THE FORTY-SIXTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) 

was organized with D. B. Henderson, of Clermont, as Colonel; L. D, Durbin, 
of Tipton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and G. L. Tarbet, as Major, and was mus- 
tered in at Dubuque, June 10, 1864. Company A was from Dubuque ; Com- 
pany B, from Poweshiek ; C, from Dallas and Guthrie ; D, from Taylor and 
Fayette ; E, from Ringgold and Linn ; F, from Winneshiek and Delaware ; G, 
from Appanoose and Delaware;, H, from Wayne; I, from Cedar, and K, from 
Lucas. Was mustered out at Davenport, iSeptember 23, 1864. 

THE FORTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) 

was mustered into United States service at Davenport, June 4, 1864, with 
James P. Sanford, of Oskaloosa, as Colonel; John Williams, of Iowa City, as 
Lieutenant Colonel, and G. J. Wright, of Des Moines, as Major. Company 
A was from Marion and Clayton Counties; Company B, from Appanoose 
County; Company C, from Wapello and Benton Counties; Company B, from 
Buchanan and Linn Counties; Company E, from Madison County; Company 
F, from Polk County ; Company G, from Johnson County ; Company H, from 
Keokuk County; Company I, from Mahaska County, and Company K, from 
Wapello. 

THE FORTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY BATTALION (100 DAYS) 

was organized at Davenport, and mustered in July 13, 1864, with 0. H. P. 
Scott, of Farmington, as Lieutenant Colonel. Company A was from Warren 
County ; Company B, from Jasper County ; Company C, from Decatur County, 
and Company D, from Des Moines and Lee Counties, and was mustered out at 
Rock Island Barracks Oct. 21, 1864. 

CAVALRY. 

THE FIRST CAVALRY 

was organized at Burlington, and mustered into the United States service May 
3, 1861, with Fitz Henry Warren, of Burlington, as Colonel ; Chas. E. Moss, 
of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and E. W. Chamberlain, of Burlington, 
James 0. Gower, of Iowa City, and W. M. G. Torrence, of Keokuk, as Majors. 
Company A was from Lee, Van Buren and Wapello Counties ; Company B, 
from Clinton County ; Company C, from Des Moines and Lee Counties ; Com- 
pany D, from Madison and Warren Counties; Company E, from Henry 
County ; Company F, from Johnson and Linn Counties ; Company G, from 
Dubuque and Black Hawk Counties ; Company H, from Lucas and Morrison 
Counties ; Company I, from Wapello and Des Moines Counties ; Company K, 
from Allamakee and Clayton Counties ; Company L, from Dubuque and other 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 245 

HrMo'-^Rdr&^'/'''' ^''''Z^'r'y- ^' -^^ -"g-ged at Pleasant 
Hill, Mo., Rolla, New Lexington, Elkins' Ford, Little Rock, Bayou Metoe 
WarrensDurg, Big Creek Bluffs, Antwineville, Clear Creek, etc. Was mustered 
out at Austin, Texas, February 15, 1866. musierea 



THE SECOND CAVALRY 



was organized with W. L. Elliott, of the regular army, as Colonel; Edward 
Hatch of Muscatine as Lieutenant Colonel; and N. P. Hepburn, of Marshall- 
town, D. E. Coon of Mason City, and H. W. Love, of Iowa City, as Majors 
and was mustered into the United States service at Davenport September l' 
1861 Company A was from Muscatine County; Company B, from Marshall 
County; Company C, from Scott County; Company D, from Polk County; 
Company E, from Scott County; Company F, from Hamilton and Franklin 
Counties; Company G from Muscatine County; Company H, from Johnson 
County ; Company I, from Cerro Gordo, Delaware and other counties ; Com- 
pany K, from Des Moines County; Company L, from Jackson County, and 
Company M from Jackson County. The Second Cavalry participated in the 
fo owing military movements : Siege of Corinth, battles of Farmington, Boone- 
ville, Rienzi luka, Corinth, Coffeeville, Palo Alto, Birmingham, Jackson, 
Grenada, Collierville, Moscow, Pontotoc, Tupelo, Old Town, Oxford and en- 
gagements against Hood's march on Nashville, battle of Nashville etc Was 
mustered out at Selma, Ala., September 19, 1865. 

THE THIRD CAVALRY 

was organized and mustered into the United States service at Keokuk, in Au- 
gust and September, 1861, with Cyrus Bussey, of Bloomfield, as Colonel; H. 
11 f fe n ^°T^^^^' ^' Lieutenant Colonel, and C. H. Perry, H. C. Cald- 
well and W C. Drake, of Corydon, as Majors. Companies A and E were fi^om 
Davis County; Company B, from Van Buren and Lee Counties; Company C 
from Lee and Keokuk Counties; Company D, from Davis and Van Buren 
Counties; Company F from Jefferson County; Company G, from Van Buren 
County; Company H, from Van Buren and Jefferson Counties; Company I, 
from Appanoose County; Company K, from Wapello and Marion Counties 
Company L from Decatur County, and Company M, from Appanoose and De- 
catur Counties It was engaged in the following battles and skirmishes: 
P pi ^^'t. 1 J^S?'. S:^^^mo^e, near Little Rock, Columbus, Pope's Farm 
Big Blue, Ripley, Coldwater, Osage, Tallahatchie, Moore's Mill, near Monte- 

Tut'lo''T-ll T r'%.?^^' ^^"^' ?°"^' ^"'^' ^^^ Town, White's Station, 
Ga. Au usl'i' 1865 '^'''^'' """^ '^ ^""'^^^ ^*^*'' '^'^''^ ^^ ^^^^^*^' 

THE POURTH CAVALRY 

was organized with AsburyB. Porter, of Mount Pleasant, as Colonel; Thomas 
Drummond of Vinton as Lieutenant Colonel ; S. D. S^-an, of Mount fZI 
ant, J. E. Jewett, of Des Moines, and G. A. Stone, of Moivnt Pleasant as 
Majors and mustered into United States service at Mount Pleasant Novell 
Zl, 1851 Company A was from Delaware County; Company C from Jef 
ferson and Henry Counties; Company D, from Hen^y CounV;^ Company f 



246 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

from Jasper and Poweshiek Counties ; Company F, from Wapello County ; 
Company G, from Lee and Henry Counties ; Company H, from Chickasaw 
County ; Company I, from Madison County ; Company K, from Henry 
County; Company L, from Des Moines and other counties; and Company M, 
from Jefferson County. The Fourth Cavalry lost men in the following engage- 
ments : Guntown, Miss.; Helena, Ark.; near Bear Creek, Miss.; near Mem- 
phis, Tenn.; Town Creek, Miss.; Columbus, Ga.; Mechanicsburg, Miss.; Little 
Blue Eiver, Ark.; Brownsville, Miss.; Ripley, Miss.; Black River Bridge, 
Miss.; Grenada, Miss.; Little Red River, Ark.; Tupelo, Miss.; Yazoo River, 
Miss.; White River, Ark.; Osage, Kan.; Lick Creek, Ark.; Okalona, Miss.; 
St. Francis River, Ark. Was mustered out at Atlanta, Ga., August 10, 1865. 

THE FIFTH CAVALRY 

was organized at Omaha with Wm. W. Lowe, of the regular army, as Colo- 
nel ; M. T. Patrick, of Omaha, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and C. S. Bernstein, 
of Dubuque, as Major, and mustered in September 21, 1861. Companies A, 
B, C and D were mostly from Nebraska ; Company B, from Dubuque County ; 
Company F, from Des Moines, Dubuque and Lee Counties ; Company G, from 
Minnesota ; Company H, from Jackson and other counties ; Companies I and 
K were from Minnesota ; Company L, from Minnesota and Missouri ; Com- 
pany M, from Missouri ; Companies G, I and K were transferred to Minnesota 
Volunteers Feb. 25, 1864. The new Company G was organized from veterans 
and recruits and Companies C, E, F and I of Fifth Iowa Infantry, and trans- 
ferred to Fifth Cavalry August 8, 1864. The second Company 1 was organ- 
ized from veterans and recruits and Companies A, B, D, G, H and K of the 
Fifth Iowa Infantry, and transferred to Fifth Iowa Cavalry August 18, 1864. 
Was engaged at second battle of Fort Donelson, Wartrace, Duck River Bridge, 
Sugar Creek, Newnan, Camp Creek, Cumberland Works, Tenn.; Jonesboro, 
Ebenezer Church, Lockbridge's Mills, Pulaski, Cheraw, and mustered out at 
Nashville, Tenn., August ]1, 1865. 

THE SIXTH CAVALRY. 

was organized with D. S. Wilson, of Dubuque, as Colonel ; S. M. Pollock, of 
Dubuque, as Lieutenant Colonel ; T. H. Shephard, of Iowa City, E. P. Ten- 
Broeck, of Clinton, and A. E. House, of Delhi, as Majors, and was mustered 
in at Davenport, January 31, 1863. Company A was from Scott and other 
counties; Company B, from Dubuque and other counties; Company C, from 
Fayette County; Company D, from Winneshiek County; Company E, from 
Southwest counties of the State ; Company F, from Allamakee and other 
counties ; Company G, from Delaware and Buchanan Counties ; Company H, 
from Linn County ; Company I, from Johnson and other counties ; Company 
K, from Linn County ; Company L, from Clayton County ; Company M, from 
Johnson and Dubuque Counties. The Sixth Cavalry operated on the frontier 
against the Indians. Was mustered out at Sioux City, October 17, 1865. 

THE SEVENTH CAVALRY 

was organized at Davenport, and mustered into the United States service April 
27, 1863, with S. W. Summers, of Ottumwa, as Colonel ; John Pattee, of Iowa 
City, as Lieutenant Colonel ; H. II. Heath and G. M. O'Brien, of Dubuque, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 24T 

and John S. Wood, of Ottumwa, as Majors. Companies A, B, C and D, were 
from Wapello and other counties in inmiediate vicinity; Companies E, F, G 
and H, were from all parts of the State ; Company I, from Sioux City and 
known as Sioux City Cavalry; Company K was originally Company A of the 
Fourteenth Infantry and afterward Company A of the Forty-first Infantry, was 
from Johnson and other counties ; Company L was originally Company B, of 

the Forty-first Infantry and afterward Company B, of the Forty , and 

was from Johnson County; Company M was originally Company C, of the 
Fourteenth Infantry, and afterward Company C, of the Forty-first and from Des 
Moines and other counties. The Seventh Cavalry operated against the Indi- 
ans. Excepting the Lieutenant Colonel and Companies K, L and M, the regi- 
nient was mustered out at Leavenworth, Kansas, May 17, 1866. Companies 
K, L, and M were mustered out at Sioux City, June 22, 1866. 

THE EIGHTH CAVALRY 

was organized with J. B. Dorr, of Dubuque, as Colonel ; H. G. Earner, of 
Sidney, as Lieutenant Colonel ; John J. Bowen, of Hopkinton, J. D. Thompson, 
of Eldora, and A. J. Price, of Guttenburg, a^ Majors, and were mustered in at 
Davenport September 30, 1863. The companies were mostly from the follow- 
ing counties : Company A, Page; B, Wapello; C, Van Buren; D, Ring- 
gold; E, Henry; F, Appanoose; G, Clayton; H, Appanoose; I, Marshall; 
K, Muscatine; L, Wapello ; M, Polk. The Eighth did a large amount of duty 
guarding Sherman's communications, in which it had many small engagements^ 
It Avas in the battles of Lost Mountain, Lovejoy's Station, Newnan, Nashville, 
etc. Was on Stoneman's cavalry raid around Atlanta, and Wilson's raid 
through Alabama. Was mustered out at Macon, Ga., August 13, 1865.. 

THE NINTH CAVALRY 

was mustered in at Davenport, November 30, 1863, with M. M. Trumbull, of 
Cedar Falls, as Colonel ; J. P. Knight, of Mitchell, as Lieutenant Colonel ; E. 
T. Ensign, of Des Moines, Willis Drummond, of McGregor, and William Had- 
dock, of Waterloo, as Majors. Company A was from Muscatine County; 
Company B, Linn County ; Company C, Wapello and Decatur Counties ; Com- 
pany D, Washington County ; Company E, Fayette County ; Company F, 
Clayton County ; Companies G and H, various counties ; Company I, Wapello 
and Jefferson Counties ; Company K, Keokuk County ; Company L, Jasper 
and Marion Counties ; Company M, Wapello and Lee Counties. Was mustered 
out at Little Rock, Ark., February 28, 1866. 



ARTILLERY. 

THE FIRST BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 

was enrolled in the counties of Wapello, Des Moines, Dubuque, Jefferson, 
Black Hawk, etc., and was mustered in at Burlington, Aug. 17, 1861, with C. U. 
Fletcher, of Burlington, as Captain. Was engaged at Pea Ridge, Port Gibson 
in Atlanta campaign, Chickasaw Bayou, Lookout Mountain, etc. Was mus^ 
tered out at Davenport July 5, 1865. 



248 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



THE SECOND BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 

was enrolled in the counties of Dallas, Polk, Harrison, Fremont and Pottawat- 
tamie, and mustered into United States service at Council Bluffs and St. Louis, 
Mo, Aug. 8 and 31, 1861, with Nelson T. Spear, of Council Bluffs, as 
Captain. Was engaged at Farmington, Corinth, etc. Was mustered out at 
Davenport, Aug. 7, 1865. 

THE THIRD BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 

was enrolled in the counties of Dubuque, Black Hawk, Butler and Floyd, and 
mustered into United States service at Dubuque, September, 1861, with M. 
M. Hayden, of Dubuque, as Captain. Was at battle of Pea Ridge, etc., etc. 
Was mustered out at Davenport, Oct. 23, 1865. 

THE FOURTH BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 

was enrolled in Mahaska, Henry, Mills and Fremont Counties, and was mus- 
tered in at Davenport, Nov. 23, 1863, with P. H. Goode, of Glenwood, Cap- 
tain. Was mustered out at Davenport, July 14, 1865. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 

THE FOURTH BATTALION 

Company A, from Fremont County, W. Hoyt, Captain; Company B, from 
Taylor County, John Flick, Captain; Company C, from Page County, J. 
Whitcomb, Captain. 

THE NORTHERN BORDER BRIGADE 

was organized by the State of Iowa to protect the Northwestern frontier, 
James A. Sawyer, of Sioux City, was elected Colonel. It had Companies A, 
B, C, D and E, all enlisted from the Northwestern counties. 

THE SOUTHERN BORDER BRIGADE 

was organized by the State for the purpose of protecting the Southern border 
of the State, and was organized in counties on the border of Missouri. Com- 
pany A, First Battalion, was from Lee County, Wm. Sole, Captain; Company B, 
First Battalion, Joseph Dickey, Captain, from Van Buren County; Company 
A, Second Battalion, from Davis County, Capt. H. B. Horn; Company B, Sec- 
ond Battalion, from Appanoose County, E. B. Skinner, Captain; Company A, 
Third Battalion, from Decatur County, J. H. Simmons, Captain; Company B, 
Third Battalion, from Wayne County, E. F. Estel, Captain; Company C, 
Third Battalion, from Ringgold County, N. Miller, Captain. 

THE FIRST INFANTRY — AFRICAN DESCENT — (SIXTIETH U. S.) 

was organized with John G. Hudson, Captain Company B, Thirty-third Mis- 
souri, as Colonel; M. F. Collins, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel, and J. L. 
Murphy, of Keokuk, as Major. Had ten companies, and were mustered in at 
various places in the Fall of 1863. The men were from all parts of the State 
and some from Missouri. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 249 

During the war, the following promotions were made by the United States 
Government from Iowa regiments:* 

MAJOR GENERALS 
Samuel E. Curtis, Brigadier General, from March 21, 1863. 
Frederick Steele, Brigadier General, from November 29, 1862. 
Frank J. Herron, Brigadier General, from November 29, 1862. 
Grenville M. Dodge, Brigadier General, from June 7, 1864. 

BRIGADIER GENERALS. 

Samuel E. Curtis, Colonel 2d Infantry, from May 17, 1861. 

Frederick Steele. Colonel 8th Infantry, from February 6, 1862. 

Jacob G. Lauman, Colonel 7th Infantry, from March 21, 1862. 

Grenville M. Dodge, Colonel 4th Infantry, from March 31, 1862. 

James M. Tuttle, Colonel 2d Infantry, from June 9, 1862. 

Washington L. Elliott, Colonel 2d Cavalry, from June 11, 1862. 

Fitz Henry Warren, Colonel 1st Cavalry , from July 6, 1862. 

Frank J. Herron, Lieutenant Colonel 9th Infantry, from July 30, 1863. 

Charles L. Matthies, Colonel 5th Infantry, from JSTovember 29, 1862. 

William Yandever, Colonel 9th Infantry, from November 29, 1862. 

Marcellus M. Crocker, Colonel 13th Infantry, from Nov. 29, 1862. (Since died.) 

Hugh T. Eeid, Colonel 15th Infantry from March 13, 1863. 

Samuel A. Eice, Colonel 33d Infantry, from August 4, 1863, 

John M. Corse, Colonel 6th Infantry, from August 11, 1863. 

Cyrus Bussey, Colonel 3d Cavalry, from January 5, 1864. 

Edward Hatch, Colonel 2d Cavalry, from April 27, 1864. 

Elliott W. Eice, Colonel 7th Infantry, from June 20, 1864. 

Wm. W. Belknap, Colonel 15th Infantry, from July 30, 1864. 

John Edwards, Colonel 18th Infantry, frqm September 26, 1864. 

James A. Williamson, Colonel 4th Infantry, from January 13, 1864. 

James I. Gilbert, Colonel 27th Infantry, from February 9, 1865. 

BREVET MAJOR GENERALS. 
John M. Corse, Brigadier General from October 5, 1864. 
Edward Hatch, Brigadier General, from December 15, 1864. 
Wm. W. Belknap, Brigadier General, from March 13, 1865. 
W. L. Elliott, Brigadier General, from March 13, 1865. 
Wm. Vandever, Brigadier General, from June 7, 1865. 

BREVET BRIGADIER GENERALS. 

Wm. T. Clark, A. A. G., late of 13th Infanhy, from July 23, 1864. 

Edward F, Winslow, Colonel 4th Cavalry, from December 12, 1864. 

S. G. Hill, Colonel 35th Infantry, from December 15, 1864. (Since died.) 

Thos. H. Benton, Colonel 29th Infantry, from December 15, 1864. 

Samuel L. Glasgow, Colonel 23d Infantry, from December 19, 1864. 

Clark E. Wever, Colonel 17th Infantry, from February 9, 1865. 

Francis M. Drake, Lieutenant Colonel 36th Infantry, from February 22, 1865. 

Geo]-ge A. Stone, Colonel 25th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. 

Datus E. Coon, Colonel 2d Cavalry, from March 8, 1865. 

George A7. Clark, Colonel 34th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. 

Herman H. Heath, Colonel 7th Cavalry, from IMarch 13, 1865. 

J. M. Hedrick, Colonel 15th Infantry, from j\Iarch 13, 1865. 

W. W. Lowe, Colonel 5th Cavalry, from March 13, 1865. 



♦Thomas J. McKean was appointed Paymaster in U. S. A. from Iowa, and subsequently promoted Brigadier General, 
to date from Nov. 21, 1861. 



250 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 





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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



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254 



HISTOKV OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



NUMBER OF TROOPS FURNISHED BY THE STATE OF IOWA 

DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, 

TO JANUARY 1, 1865. 



No. Resiimeut. 



1st Iowa 

2d 

3d 

4tli 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 
10th 
nth 
12th 
13th 
14th 
15th 
16th 
17th 
18th 
19th 
20th 
21st 
22d 
23d 
24th 
25th 
26th 
27th 
28th 
29th 
30th 
31st 
32d 
33d 
34th 
35th 
o6th 
37th 
38th 



Infantry . 



No. of 
men 



No. Resiiment. 



959 39th Iowa Infantry 

l,247|40th •• " ' 

41st Battalion Iowa Infantry... 

44th Infantry (100-days men). 

45th 

4Gth " " " . 

47th " " " . 

4Sth Battalion '= " . 

1st Iowa Cavalry 

2d '• " 



1,074 

1.184 

1,037 

1,013 

1,138 

1.027 

1,090 

1,027 

l,022j 

981 

989 

840 

1,1 9t= 

919 

956 

875 

9S5 

925 

980 

1,008 

961 

979 

995, 

919 

940 

956 

1,005 

978 

977 

925 

985 

953 

984 

986 

914 

9]0i 



No. of 
men. 



3d " " 

4th " " 

5th " « 

6th " " 

7th " " 

8th " " 

9th " " 

Sioux City Cavalry* 

Co. A, lltli Penn. Cavalry 

1st Battery Artillery 

2d " " 

Sd " " 

4th " " 

1st Iowa African Infantry, 60th U. Sf .. 

Dodge's Brigade Band 

Band of 2d Iowa Intantry 

Enlistments as far as reported to Jan. 1, 
1864, for the older Iowa resriments 



Enlistments of Iowa men in regiments 
of other States, over 



Total 

Re-enlisted Veterans for different Regi- 
ments 

Additional enlistments 



933 

900 

294 

867 

912 

892 

884 

346 

1,478 

1,394 

1,360 

1,227 

1,245 

1,125 

562 

1,234 

1,178 

93 

87 

149 

123 

142 

152 

903 

14 

10 

2,765 

2,500 



Grand total as far as reported up to Jan. 
1, 1865 



61,653 

7,202 
6,664 



75,519 



This does not include those Iowa men who veteranized in the regiments of other States, nor 
the names of men who enlisted during 1864, in regiments of other States. 
* Afterward consolidated with Seventh Cavalry, 
f Only a portion of this regiment was credited to the State. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



255 



POPULATION OF IOWA, 

By Counties. 



COUNTIES. 



Adair 

Adams 

Allamakee... 
Appanoose ... 

Audubon 

Benton 

Black Hawk. 

Boone 

Bremer 

Buchanan 

Buena Vista . 
Buncombe*... 

Butler 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Cass 

Cedar 

Cerro Gordo . 

Cherokee 

Chickasaw.... 

Clarke 

Clay 

Clayton 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Dallas 

Davis 

Decatur 

Delaware 

Des Moines... 

Dickinson 

Dubuque 

Emmett 

Fayette 

Floyd 

Franklin 

Fremont 

Greene 

Grundy 

Guthrie 

Hamilton 

Hancock 

Hardin , 

Harrison 

Henry 

Howard , 

Humboldt 

Ida 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Jasper 

.Jefferson 

Johnson 

Jones 



AGGREGATE. 



1875. 1870. 1860. 1850. 1840. Voters 



7045 

7832 
19158 
17405 

2370^ 
28807 
22913 
17251 
13220 
17315 

3561 



11734 

3185 

5760 

10552 

17879 

6685 

4249 

11400 

10118 

3559 

27184 

34295 

6039 

14386 

1575 

13249 

16893 

35415 

1748 

43845 

1436 

20515 

13100 

6558 

13719 

7028 

8134 

9638 

7701 

1482 

15029 

11818 

21594 

7875 

3455 

794 

174561 

23061 

24128 

17127 

24654 

19168: 



3982 

4614 
17868 
16450 

1212 
22454 
21706 
14584 
12528 
17034 

1585 



9951 

1602 

2451 

5464 

19731 

4722 

1967 

10180 

8735 

1523 

27771 

35357 

2530 

12019 

15565 

12018 

17432 

27256 

1389 

38969 

1392 

169 

10768 

4738 

11173 

4627 

639^? 

7061 

6055 

999 

13684 

8931 

21463 

6282 

2596 

226 

16644 

22619 

22116 

17839 

24898 

19731 



984 

1533 

12237 

11931 

454 

8496 

8244 

4232 

4915 

7906 

57 



3724 

147 

281 

1612 

12949 

940 

58 

4336 

5427 

52 

20728 

18938 

383 

5244 

13764 

8677 

11024 

19611 

180 

31164 

105 

12073 

3744 

1309 

5074 

1374 

793 

3058 

1699 

179 

5440 

3621 

18701 

3168 

332 

43 

8029 

18493 

9883 

15038 

17573 

13306 



777 
3131 



672 
135 
735 



517 



3941 



79 



3873 

2822 



854 
7264 

965 

1759 

12988 



10841 



825 



1244 



8707 



822 
7210 
1280 
9904 
4472 
3007 



1253 



1101 
821 



168 
6577 



3059 



1411 



1491 
471 



* In 1862, name changed to Lyon. 



256 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

POPULATION OF IOWA— Concluded. 



COUNTIES. 



Keoknk 

Kossuth 

Lee 

Linn 

Louisa , 

Lucas , 

Lyon* , 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mills 

Mitchell 

Monona 

Monroe 

Montgomery... 

Muscatine 

O'Brien 

Osceola 

Page 

Palo Alto 

Plymouth 

Pocahontas 

Polk 

Pottawattomie. 

Poweshiek 

Ringgold 

Sac 

Scott 

Shelby 

Sioux 

Story 

Tama 

Taylor 

Union 

Van Buren 

Wapello 

Warren 

Washington 

Wayne 

Webster 

Winnebago 

Winneshiek 

Woodbury 

Worth 

Wriffht 



Total 

Formerly Buncombe. 



agquegatb. . 


1875. 


1870. 


1860. 


1850. 


1840. 


Voters. 


20488 

3765 

33913 

31815 

12499 

11725 

1139 

16030 

23718 

24094 

19629 

10555 

11523 

2267 

12811 

1U389 

21623 

2349 

1778 

14274 

2728 

5282 

2249 

31558 

21665 

16482 

7546 

2873 

39763 

5664 

3120 

13111 

18771 

10418 

8827 

16980 

23865 

18541 

19269 

13978 

13114 

2986 

24233 

8568 

4908 


19434 
3351 

38210 

28852 

12877 

10388 

221 

13884 

22508 

24436 

17576 

8718 

9582 

3654 

12724 

5934 

21688 

715 


13271 
416 
29232 
18947 
10370 
5766 


4822 




4202 






773 
7274 
7509 
2899 
2464 


18861 

5444 

4939 

471 


6093 
1373 
1927 




287 
3632 


7339 

1-^816 

16813 

6015 

4481 

3409 

832 

8612 

1256 

16444 

8 


1179 
5989 

5482 
338 






5287 
4988 






4445 




2365 






2338 






1292 
2743 


2884 






2485 


6731 


1942 


6588 
595 






498 


9975 

1336 

2199 

1446 

27857 

16893 

15581 

5691 

1411 

38599 

2540 

576 

11651 

16131 

6989 

6986 

17672 

22346 

17980 

18952 

11287 

10484 

1562 

23570 

6172 

2892 

2392 


4419 

132 

148 

103 

11625 

4968 

5668 

2923 

246 

25959 

818 

10 

4051 

5285 

3590 

2012 

17081 

14518 

10281 

14235 

6409 

2504 

168 

13942 

1119 

756 

653 


551 




3222 




556 






1136 






464 


4513 

7828 
615 




6842 




4392 




3634 




1496 






657 


5986 


2140 


7109 
1084 






637 






2574 


8 
204 




3911 




2282 




1924 


12270 

8471 

961 

4957 

340 


6146 


3893 
5346 




4168 


1594 


4168 
2947 




2747 






406 


546 




4117 




1776 






763 


3244 


I 




694 




1 






1353118 


1191792 


674913 


192214 


43112 


284557 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES, 257 



ILLINOIS. 

Length, 880 miles, mean width about 156 miles. Area, 55,410 square 
miles, or 35,462,400 acres. Illinois, as regards its surface, constitutes a 
table-land at a varying elevation ranging between 350 and 800 feet above 
the sea level ; composed of extensive and highly fertile prairies and plains. 
Much of the south division of the State, especially the river-bottoms, are 
thickly wooded. The prairies, too, have oasis-like clumps of trees 
scattered here and there at intervals. The chief rivers irrigating the 
State are the Mississippi — dividing it from Iowa and Missouri — the Ohio 
(forming its south barrier), the Illinois, Wabash, Kaskaskia, and San- 
gamon, with their numerous affluents. The total extent of navigable 
streams is calculated at 4,000 miles. Small lakes are scattered over vari- 
ous parts of the State, Illinois is extremely prolific in minerals, chiefly 
coal, iron, copper, and zinc ores, sulphur and limestone. The coal-field 
alone is estimated to absorb a full third of the entire coal-deposit of North 
America. Climate tolerably equable and healthy ; the mean temperature 
standing at about 51° Fahrenheit As an agricultural region, Illinois takes 
a competitive rank with neighboring States, the cereals, fruits, and root- 
crops yielding plentiful returns ; in fact, as a grain-growing State, Illinois 
may be deemed, in proportion to her size, to possess a greater area of 
lands suitable for its production than any other State in the Union. Stock- 
raising is also largely carried on, while her manufacturing interests in 
regard of woolen fabrics, etc, are on a very extensive and yearly expand- 
ing scale. The lines of railroad in the State are among the most exten- 
sive of the Union, Inland water-carriage is facilitated by a canal 
connecting the Illinois River with Lake Michigan, and thence with the 
St. Lawrence and Atlantic. Illinois is divided into 102 counties ; the 
chief towns being Chicago, Springfield (capital), Alton, Quincy, Peoria, 
Galena, Bloomington, Rock Island, Vandalia, etc. By the new Consti- 
tution, established in 1870, the State Legislature consists of 51 Senators, 
elected for four years, and 153 Representatives, for two years ; which 
numbers were to be decennially increased thereafter to the number of 
six per every additional half-million of inhabitants. Religious and 
educational institutions are largely diffused throughout, and are in a very 
flourishing condition. Illinois has a State Lunatic and a Deaf and Dumb 
Asylum at Jacksonville ; a State Penitentiary at Joliet ; and a Home for 



258 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 



Soldiers' Orphans at Normal. On November 80, ISTO, the public debt of 
the State was returned at $4,870,937, with a balance of J^l, 808,833 
unprovided for. At tlie same period the value of assessed and equalized 
property presented the following totals: assessed, 8840,031,703 : equal- 
ized !i^480,t^64,058. The name of Illinois, through nearly th. whole of 
the eighteenth century, embraced most of the known regions north and 
west of Ohio. French colonists established themselves in 1673, at 
Cahokia and Kaskaskia, and the territory of which these settlements 
formed the nnclens was, in 1763, ceded to Great Britain in ooujunction 
with Canada, and ultimately resigned to the United States in 1787. 
Illinois entered the Union as a State, December 3, 1818 ; and now semis 
19 Representatives to Congress. Population, 2,539,891, in 1S70. 




THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 



INDIANA. 



259 



The profile of Indiana forms a nearly exact parallelogram, occupy- 
ing one of the most fertile portions of the great Mississippi Valley. The 
greater extent of the surface embraced within its limits consists of gentle 
undulations rising into hilly tracts toward the Ohio bottom. The chief 
rivers of the State are the Ohio and Wabash, with their numerous 
affluents. The soil is highly productive of the cereals and grasses — most 
particularly so in the valleys of the Ohio, Wabash, Whitewater, and 
White Rivers. The northeast and central portions are well timbered 
with virgin forests, and the west section is notably rich in coal, constitut- 
ing an offshoot of the great Illinois carboniferous field. Iron, copper, 
marble, slate, gypsum, and various clays are also abundant. From an 
agricultural point of view, the staple products are maize and wheat, with 
the other cereals in lesser yields ; and besides these, flax, hemp, sorghum, 
iiops, etc., are extensively raised. Indiana is divided into 92 counties, 
and counts among her principal cities and towns, those of Indianapolis 
(the capital), Fort Wayne, Evansville, Terre Haute, Madison, Jefferson- 
ville, Columbus, Vincennes, South Bend, etc. The public institutions of 
the State are many and various, and on a scale of magnitude and 
efficiency commensurate with her important political and industrial status. 
Upward of two thousand miles of railroads permeate the State in all 
directions, and greatly conduce to the development of her expanding 
manufacturing interests. Statistics for the fiscal year terminating 
October 31, 1870, exhibited a totalof receipts, $3,896,541 as against dis- 
bursements, $3,532,406, leaving a balance, $364,135 in favor of the State 
Treasury. The entire public debt, January 5, 1871, $3,971,000. This- 
State was first settled by Canadian voyageurs in 1702, who erected a fort 
at Vincennes ; in 1763 it passed into the hands of the English, and was. 
by the latter ceded to the United States in 1783. From 1788 till 1791, 
an Indian ware fare prevailed. In 1800, all the region west and north of 
Ohio (then formed into a distinct territory) became merged in Indiana. 
In 1809, the present limits of the State were defined, Michigan and 
Illinois having previously been withdrawn. In 1811, Indiana was the 
theater of the Indian War of Tecumseh, ending with the decisive battle 
of Tippecanoe. In 1816 (December 11), Indiana became enrolled among 
the States of the American Union. In 1834, the State passed through a 
monetary crisis owing to its having become mixed up with railroad, 
eanal, and other speculations on a gigantic scale, which ended, for the 
lime being, in a general collapse of public credit, and consequent bank- 
ruptcy. Since that time, however, the greater number of the public 



2U0 THE NOHTinVESTEllN STATES. 

works Avluch had brought about that imbroglio — especially the great 
Wabash and Erie Oaual — have been completed, to the great beuelit of 
the State, \\'hose subsequent progress has year by year been marked by 
rapid strides iu the paths of wealth, eomtnoree, and general social and 
political prosperity. The constitution now in force was adopted in 1851. 
Population, 1,680,637. 



I o ^v A . 

In shape, loAva presents an almost perfect parallelogram ; has a 
length, north to south, of about 300 miles, by a pretty even width of 208 
miles, and embraces an area of 55,045 square miles, or 35,llii8,800 acres. 
The surface of the State is generally undulating, rising toward the 
middle into an elevated plateau which forms the '•'' divide " of the 
Missouri and Mississippi basins. Rolling prairies, especially in tlie south 
section, constitute a regnant feature, and the river bottoms, belted with 
woodlands, present a soil of the richest alluvion. Iowa is well watered ; 
the principal rivers being the jNIississippi and Missouri, which form 
respectively its east and west limits, and the Cedar, Iowa, and Des 
]Moines, allluents of the lirst named. ^lincralogically, Iowa is important 
as occupying a section of the great Northwest coal field, to the extent of 
an area estimated at i!5,000 square miles. Lead, copper, zinc, and iron, 
are also mined in considerable quantities. The soil is well adapted to 
the production of wheat, maize, and the other cereals ; fruits, vegetables, 
and esculent roots; maize, wheat, and oats forming the chief staples. 
Wine, tobacco, hops, and wax, are other noticeable items of the agricul- 
tural yield. Cattle-raising, too, is a branch of rural industry largely 
engaged in. The climate is healthy, although liable to extremes of heat 
and cold. The annual gross product of the various manufactures carried 
on in this State approximate, in round numbers, a sum of 8-0,000,000. 
Iowa has an immense railroad system, besides over 500 miles of water- 
cotumunication by means of its navigable rivers. The State is politically 
divided into 90 counties, with the following centers of population: Des 
Moines (capitaH, Iowa City (former capital), Dubuque, Davenport, Bur- 
lington, Council Bluffs, Keokuk, ^Muscatine, and Cedar Rapids. The 
State institutions of Iowa — ^i-eligious, scholastic, and philanthropic — are 
on a par, as regards number and perfection of organization and operation, 
with those of her Northwest sister States, and education is especially 
well cared for, and largely diffused. Iowa formed a portion of the 
American territorial acquisitions from France, by the so-called Louisiana 
purchase in 1 803, and was politically identified with Lotiisiana till ISlii, 





■fe& 






/ 



»'^ 







""^U^^^^^Z 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 263 

when it merged into the Missouri Territory; in 1834 it came under the 
Michigan organization, and, in 1836, under that of Wisconsin. Fmally, 
after being constituted an independent Territory, it became a State of 
the Union, December 28, 1846. Population in 1860, 674,913 ; in 1870, 
1,191,792, and in 1875, 1,353,118. 



MICHIGAN. 

United area, 56,243 square miles, or 35,995,520 acres. Extent of the 
Upper and smaller Peninsula — length, 316 miles; breadth, fluctuating 
between 36 and 120 miles. The south division is 416 miles long, by from 
50 to 300 miles Avide. Aggregate lake-shore line, 1,400 miles. The 
Upper, or North, Peninsula consists chiefly of an elevated plateau, 
expanding into the Porcupine mountain-system, attaining a maximum 
height of some 2,000 feet. Its shores along Lake Superior are eminently 
bold and picturesque, and its area is rich in minerals, its product of 
copper constituting an important source of industry. Both divisions are 
heavily wooded, and the South one, in addition, boasts of a deep, rich, 
loamy soil, throwing up excellent crops of cereals and other agricultural 
produce. The climate is generally mild and humid, though the Winter 
colds are severe. The chief staples of farm husbandry include the cereals, 
grasses, maple sugar, sorghum, tobacco, fruits, and dairy-stuffs. In 1870, 
the acres of land in farms were : improved, 5,096,939 ; unimproved 
woodland, 4,080,146 ; other unimproved land, 842,057. The cash value 
of land was $398,240,578 ; of farming implements and machinery, 
$13,711,979. In 1869, there were shipped from the Lake Superior ports, 
874,582 tons of iron ore, and 45,762 of smelted pig, along with 14,188 
tons of copper (ore and ingot). Coal is another article largely mined. 
Inland communication is provided for by an admirably organized railroad 
system, and by the St. Mary's Ship Canal, connecting Lakes Huron and 
Superior. Michigan is politically divided into 78 counties ; its chief 
urban centers are Detroit, Lansing (capital), Ann Arbor, Marquette, 
Bay City, Niles, Ypsilanti, Grand Haven, etc. The Governor of the 
State is elected biennially. On November 30, 1870, the aggi;egate bonded 
debt of Michigan amounted to $2,385,028, and the assessed valuation of 
land to $266,929,278, representing an estimated cash value of $800,000,000., 
Education is largely diffused and most excellently conducted and pro- 
vided for. The State University at Ann Arbor, the colleges of Detroit 
and Kalamazoo, the Albion Female College, the State Normal School at 
Ypsilanti, and the State Agricultural College at Lansing, are chief among 
the academic institutions. Michigan (a term of Chippeway origin, and 



264 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 

signifying " Great Lake), was discovered and first settled by French 
Canadians, who, in 1670, founded Detroit, the pioneer of a series of trad- 
ing-posts on the Indian frontier. During the " Conspiracy of Pontiac," 
following the French loss of Canada, Michigan became the scene of a 
sanguinary struggle between the whites and aborigines. In 1796, it 
became annexed to the United States, which incorporated this region 
with the Northwest Territory, and then with Indiana Territory, till 1803, 
when it became territorially independent. Michigan was the theater of 
warlike operations during the war of 1812 with Great Britain, and in 
1819 was authorized to be represented by one delegate in Congress ; iu 
1837 she was admitted into the Union as a State, and in 1869 ratified the 
15th Amendment to the Federal Constitution. Population, 1,184,059. 



WISCONSIN. 

It has a mean length of 260 miles, and a maximum breadth of 215. 
Land area, 53,924 square miles, or 34,511,360 acres. Wisconsin lies at a 
considerable altitude above sea-level, and consists for the most part of an 
upland plateau, the surface of which is undulating and very generally 
diversified. Numerous local eminences called mounds are interspersed 
over the State, and the Lake Michigan coast-line is in many parts char- 
acterized by lofty escarped cliffs, even as on the west side the banks of 
the Mississippi form a series of high and picturesque bluffs. A group of 
islands known as The Apostles lie off the extreme north point of the 
State in Lake Superior, and the great estuary of Green Bay, running far 
inland, gives formation to a long, narrow peninsula between its waters 
and those of Lake Michigan. The river-system of Wisconsin has three 
outlets — those of Lake Superior, Green Bay, and the Mississippi, which 
latter stream forms the entire southwest frontier, widening at one point 
into the large watery expanse called Lake Pejain. Lake Superior receives 
the St. Louis, Burnt Wood, and Montreal Rivers ; Green Bay, the 
Menomonee, Peshtigo, Oconto, and Fox ; while into the Mississippi 
empty the St. Croix, Chippewa, Black, Wisconsin, and Rock Rivers. 
The chief interior lakes are those of Winnebago, Horicon, and Court 
Oreilles, and smaller sheets of water stud a great part of the surface. 
The climate is healthful, with cold Winters and brief but very warm 
Summers. Mean annual rainfall 31 inches. The geological system 
represented bj^ the State, embraces those rocks included between the 
primary and the Devonian series, the former containing extensive 
deposits of copper and iron ore. Besides these minerals, lead and zinc 
are found in great quantities, together with kaolin, plumbago, gypsum. 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 265 

and various clays. Mining, consequently, forms a prominent industry,, 
and one of yearly increasing dimensions. The soil of Wisconsin is of 
varying quality, but fertile on the whole, and in the north parts of tire 
State heavily timbered. The agricultural yield comprises the cereals, 
together with flax, hemp, tobacco, pulse, sorgum, and all kinds of vege- 
tables, and of the hardier fruits. In 1870, the State had a total number 
of 102,904 farms, occupying 11,715,321 acres, of which 5,899,343 con- 
sisted of improved land, and 3,437,442 were timbered. Cash value of 
farms, $300,414,064 ; of farm implements and machinery, $14,239,364, 
Total estimated value of all farm products, including betterments and 
additions to stock, $78,027,032 ; of orchard and dairy stuffs, $1,045,933 ; 
of lumber, $1,327,618 ; of home manufactures, $338,423 ; of all live-stock, 
$45,310,882. Number of manufacturing establishments, 7,136, employ- 
ing 39,055 hands, and turning out productions valued at $85,624,966. 
The political divisions of the State form 61 counties, and the chief places 
of wealth, trade, and population, are Madison (the capital), Milwaukee, 
Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, Prairie du Chien, Janesville, Portage City, 
Racine, Kenosha, and La Crosse. In 1870, the total assessed valuation, 
reached $333,209,838, as against a true valuation of both real and personal 
estate aggregating $602,207,329. Treasury receipts during 1870, $886,- 
696 ; disbursements, $906,329. Value of church property, $4,749,983> 
Education is amply provided for. Independently of the State University 
at Madison, and those of Galesville and of Lawrence at Appleton, and 
the colleges of Beloit, Racine, and Milton, there are Normal Schools at 
Platteville and Whitewater. The State is divided into 4,802 commoix 
school districts, maintained at a cost, in 1870, of $2,094,160. The chari- 
table institutions of Wisconsin include a Deaf and Dumb Asylum, an 
Institute for the Education of the Blind, and a Soldiers' Orphans' School. 
In January, 1870, the railroad system ramified throughout the State 
totalized 2,779 miles of track, including several lines far advanced toward 
completion. Immigration is successfully encouraged by the State author- 
ities, the larger number of yearly new-comers being of Scandinavian and 
German origin. The territory now occupied within the limits of the 
State of Wisconsin was explored by French missionaries and traders itl 
1639, and it remained under French jurisdiction until 1703, when it 
became annexed to the British North American possessions. In 1796, it 
reverted to the United States, the government of which latter admitted 
it within the limits of the Northwest Territory, and in 1809, attached it 
to that of Illinois, and to Michigan in 1818. Wisconsin became independ- 
ently territorially organized in 1836, and became a State of the Union,, 
March 3, 1847. Population in 1870, 1,064,985, of which 2,113 were of 
the colored race, and 11,521 Indians, 1,206 of the latter being out of 
tribal relations. 



266 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 



MINNESOTA. 



Its length, north to south, embraces an extent of 380 miles ; its 
oreadth one of 250 miles at a maximum. Area, 84,000 square miles, or 
54,760,000 acres. The surface of Minnesota, generally speaking, con- 
sists of a succession of gently undulating plains and prairies, drained by 
an admirable water-sj'stem, and with here and there heavily- timbered 
bottoms and belts of virgin forest. The soil, corresponding with such a 
superfices, is exceptionally rich, consisting for the most part of a dark, 
calcareous sandy drift intermixed with loam. A distinguishing physical 
feature of this State is its riverine ramifications, expanding in nearly 
every part of it into almost innumerable lakes — the whole presenting an 
aggregate of water-power having hardly a rival in the Union. Besides 
the Mississij)pi — which here has its rise, and drains a basin of 800 miles 
of country — the principal streams are the Minnesota (334 miles long), 
the Red River of the North, the St. Croix, St. Louis, and many others of 
lesser importance ; the chief lakes are those called Red, Cass, Leech, 
Mille Lacs, Vermillion, and Winibigosh. Quite a concatenation of sheets 
of water fringe the frontier line where Minnesota joins British America, 
culminating in the Lake of the Woods. It has been estimated, that of 
an area of 1,200,000 acres of surface between the St. Croix and Mis- 
sissix^pi Rivers, not less than 73,000 acres are of lacustrine formation. In 
point of minerals, the resources of Minnesota have as yet been very 
imperfectly developed; iron, copper, coal, lead — all these are known to 
exist in considerable deposits ; together with salt, limestone, and potter's 
cla}^ The agricultural outlook of the State is in a high degree satis- 
factory ; wheat constitutes the leading cereal in cultivation, with Indian 
corn and oats in next order. Fruits and vegetables are grown in great 
plenty and of excellent quality. The lumber resources of Minnesota are 
important ; the pine forests in the north region alone occupying an area 
of some 21,000 square miles, which in 1870 produced a return of scaled 
loo-s amounting:' to 313,116,416 feet. The natural industrial advantages 
possessed by Minnesota are largely improved upon by a railroad system. 
The political divisions of this State number 78 counties ; of which tlie 
chief cities and towns are : iSt. Paul (the capital), Stillwater, Red Wing, 
St. Anthony, Fort Snelling, Minneapolis, and Mankato. Minnesota has 
already assumed an attitude of high importance as a manufacturing State ; 
this is mainly due to the wonderful command of water-power she pos- 
sesses, as before spoken of. Besides her timber-trade, the milling of 
flour, the distillation of whisky, and the tanning of leather, are prominent 
interests, which in 1869, gave returns to the amount of ^14,831,043. 



TME NORTHAVESTERN STATES. . 267 

Education is notably provided for on a broad and catholic scale, the 
entire amount expended scholastically during the year 1870 being $857,- 
816 ; while on November 30 of the preceding year the permanent school 
fund stood at $2,476,222. Besides a University and Agricultural College, 
Normal and Reform Schools flourish, and with these may be mentioned 
such various philanthropic and religious institutions as befit the needs of 
an intelligent and prosperous community. The finances of the State for 
the fiscal year terminating December 1, 1870, exhibited a balance on the 
right side to the amount of $136,164, being a gain of $44,000 over the 
previous year's figures. The earliest exploration of Minnesota by the 
whites was made in 1680 by a French Franciscan, Father Hennepin, who 
gave the name of St. Antony to the Great Falls on the Upper Missisippi. 
In 1763, the Treaty of Versailles ceded this region to England. 
Twenty years later, Minnesota formed part of the Northwest Territory 
transferred to the United States, and became herself territorialized inde- 
pendently in 1849. Indian cessions in 1851 enlarged her boundaries, and, 
May 11, 1857, Minnesota became a unit of the great American federation 
of States. Population, 439,706. 



NEBRASKA. 

Maximum length, 412 miles ; extreme breadth, 208 miles. Area, 
75,905 square miles, or 48,636,800 acres. The surface of this State is 
almost entirely undulating prairie, and forms part of the west slope of 
the great central basin of the North American Continent. In its west 
division, near the base of the Rocky Mountains, is a sandy belt of 
country, irregularly defined. In this part, too, are the " dunes," resem- 
bling a wavy sea of sandy billows, as well as the Mauvaises Terres, a tract 
of singular formation, produced by eccentric disintegrations and denuda- 
tions of the land. The chief rivers are the Missouri, constituting its en- 
tire east line of demarcation ; the Nebraska or Platte, the Niobrara, the 
Republican Fork of the Kansas, the Elkhorn, and the Loup Fork of the 
Platte. The soil is very various, but consisting chiefly of rich, bottomy 
loam, admirably adapted to the raising of heavy crops of cereals. All 
the vegetables and fruits of the temperate zone are produced in great 
size and plenty. For grazing purposes Nebraska is a State exceptionally 
well fitted, a region of not less than 23,000,000 acres being adaptable to 
this branch of husbandry. It is believed that the, as yet, comparatively 
infertile tracts of land fotmd in various parts of the State are susceptible 
of productivity by means of a properly conducted system of irrigation. 
Few minerals of moment have so far been found within the limits of 



168 



THE NORTIIWESTEKN STATES. 



Nebraska, if we ma}' except important saline deposits at the head of Salt 
Creeic in its southeast section. The State is divided into 67 counties, 
independent of the Pawnee and Winnebago Indians, and of unorganized 
territory in the northwest part. The principal towns are Omaha, Lincoln 
(State capital), Nebraska City, Columbus, Grand Island, etc. In 1870, 
the total assessed value of property amounted to $53,000,000, being an 
increase of 811,000,000 over the previous 3'ear's returns. The total 
amount received from the school-fund during the year 1869-70 was 
$77,999. Education is making great onward strides, the State University 
and an Agricultural College being far advanced toward completion. In 
the matter of railroad communication, Nebraska bids fair to soon place 
herself on a par with her neighbors to the east. Besides being inter- 
sected by the Union Pacific line, with its off-shoot, the Fremont and Blair, 
other tracks are in course of rapid construction. Organized by Con- 
gressional Act into a Territory, May 30, I80I, Nebraska entered the 
Union as a full State, March 1, 1867. Population, 122,993. 




^ iniXTlX(i PKAIKIE WOLVES IN AN" EARLY DAY. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 269 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 

We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, 
establish jzistice, insure do7nestic tranquillity, provide for the coWimon 
defense, promote the general xoelfare, and secure the blessings of liberty 
to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution 
for the United States of America. 

Article I. 

Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in 
a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and 
House of Representatives. 

Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of mem- 
bers chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the 
lectors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of 
the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. 

No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the 
age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United 
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in 
which he shall be chosen. 

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev- 
eral states which may be included within this Union, according to their 
respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole 
number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of 
years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. 
The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first 
meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subse- 
quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The 
number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, 
but each state shall have at least one Representative ; and until such 
enumeration shall be made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled 
to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plan= 
tations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylva- 
nia eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten. North Carolina five, 
and Georgia three. 

When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the 
Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such 
vacancies. 

The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other 
officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 

Sec. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two 
Senators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years ; 
and each Senator shall have one vote. 

Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first 
election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. 
The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expira- 



270 -^^^ ITS AMENDMENTS. 

tion of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth 
year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that 
one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by 
resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any state, 
the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next 
meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 

No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age 
of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, aud 
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he 
shall be chosen. 

The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of th 
Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. 

The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro 
tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise 
the office of President of the United States. 

The Senate shall have the sole powder to try all impeachments. When 
sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the 
President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside. 
And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds 
of the members present. 

Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to 
removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of 
honor, trust, or profit under the United States ( but the party convicted 
shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, 
and punishment according to law. 

Sec. 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Sen- 
ators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the Legis- 
lature thereof ; but the Congress mnj at any time by law make or alter 
such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators, 

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such 
meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by 
law appoint a different day. 

Sec. 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns, and 
qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute 
a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to 
day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members 
in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 

Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its 
members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, 
expel a member. 

Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to 
time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, 
require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house 
on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered 
on the journal. 

Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the 
consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other 
place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 

Sec. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compen- 
sation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the 
treasury of the United States, They shall in ail cases, except treason, 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 271 

felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their 
attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and 
returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house 
they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was 
elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United 
States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall 
have been increased during such time ; and no person holding any office 
under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his 
continuance in office. 

Sec. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of 
Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments 
as on ether bills. 

Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and 
the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President 
. the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it ; but if not he shall 
return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi- 
nated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and 
proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration two-thirds of that 
house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec- 
tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if 
approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all 
such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, 
and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered 
on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned 
by the President within ten days (Sundays exbepted), after it shall have 
been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he 
had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its 
return, in which case it shall not be a law. 

Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the 
Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a 
question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the 
United States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by 
him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of 
the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and lim- 
itations prescribed in the case of a bill. 

Sec. 8. The Congress shall have power — 

To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts, 
and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United 
Jtates ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout 
the United States ; 

To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; 

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several 
3tr.tes, and with the Indian tribes ; 

To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on 
the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ; 

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and 
fix the standard of weights and measures ; 

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and 
current coin of the United States; 

To establish post offices and post roads ; 



272 -^NI^ l-^'S AMENDMENTS. 

To promote the progress of sciences and useful arts, by securing, 
for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to ilieir 
respective -writings and discoveries ; 

To coustitute tribunals inferior to the Supreu\e Court; 

To detine and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high 
se»is, and oifenses against the law of nations ; 

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules 
concerning captures on land and water ; 

To raise aiid support armies, but no appropriation of money to that 
use shall be for tt. longer term than two years; 

To provide and maintain a navy ; 

To make rules for the government and regulation of the laud and 
naval forces ; 

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the 
Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions ; 

To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and 
for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the 
United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the 
officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the disci- 
pline prescribed by Congress ; 

To exercise legislation in all oases whatsoever over such district (not 
exceeding ten miles squared as may, by cession of particular states, and the 
acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United 
States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the 
consent of the Legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for 
the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful 
buildings ; and 

To inake all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying 
into execution the foregoing powers, and all otlier powers vested by this 
Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any depart- 
ment or officer thereof. 

Sec. 0. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the 
states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohilited 
by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, 
but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten 
dollars for each person. 

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, 
unless when in oases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may 
require it. 

No bill of attainder or <\r post facto law sliall be passed. 

No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion 
to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. 

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. 

No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or rev 
enue to the ports of one state over those of another: nor shall vessels 
bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in 
another. 

No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of 
appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of 
the receipts and expeditures of all public money shall be published from 
time to time. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 273 

No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States : and no 
person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the 
consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title 
of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. 

Sec. 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confeder- 
ation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of 
credit ; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of 
debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the 
obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. 

No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts 
or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary 
for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and 
imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the 
Treasury of the United States \ and all such laws shall be subject to the 
revision and control of the Congress. 

No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on 
tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any 
agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or 
engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will 
not admit of delay. 

Article II. 

Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of 
the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term 
of four years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same 
term, be elected as follows : 

Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof 
may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators 
and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress; 
but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or 
profit under tho United States, shall be appointed an Elector. 

[ * Tlie Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by 
ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of 
the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the 
persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they 
shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government 
of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The Pres- 
ident of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Rep- 
resentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. 
The person having tlie greatest number of votes shall be the President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal 
number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately 
choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a ma- 
jority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like 
manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote 
shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one 
vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members 
from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be 
necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, 

• This clause between brackets has been superseded and auuuUcd by the Twelfth amendment 



274 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 

the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be 
the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have 
equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-Presi- 
dent.] 

The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and 
the day on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same 
throughout the United States. 

No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United 
States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible 
to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that 
office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been 
fourteen years a resident within the United States. 

In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, 
resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said 
office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress 
may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inabil- 
ity, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall 
then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the dis- 
ability be removed, or a President shall be elected. 

The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- 
pensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the 
period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive 
within that period any other emolument from the United States or any of 
them. 

Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the fol- 
lowing oath or affirmation: 

" I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the 
office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, 
preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." 

Sec. 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the army and 
navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when 
called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the 
opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive 
departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their resj^ective 
offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardon for offenses 
against the United States, ex-cept in cases of impeachment. 

He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the 
S^ate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present con- 
cur; ai)d he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate, 
!;hall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of 
the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose 
appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be 
established by law ; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment 
of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in 
the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. 

The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may 
happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which 
shall expire at the end of their next session. 

Sec. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information 
of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such mea- 
sures as he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may on extraordinary 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 275 

occasions convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagree- 
ment between them, with respect to tlie time of adjournment, he maj 
adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive 
ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be 
faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United 
States. 

Sec. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the 
United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and con 
viction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 

Article III. 

Section I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested 
in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from 
time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and 
inferior courts, sliall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at 
stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be 
diminished during their continuance in office. 

Sec. 2, The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and 
equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and 
treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases 
affecting ambassadors, otlier public ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of 
admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United 
States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more states ; 
between a state and citizens of another state ; between citizens of differ- 
ent states ; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants 
of different states, and between a state or the citizens tliereof, and foreign 
states, citizens, or subjects. 

In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, 
and those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have 
original jurisdiction. 

In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall 
have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions 
and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. 

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be hy 
jury ; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall 
have been committed ; but when not committed within any state, the 
trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have 
directed. 

Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levy- 
ing war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid 
and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the tes- 
timony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open 
court. 

The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason 
but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture 
except during the life of the person attainted. 

Article IV. 

Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the 
public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of everv other state. A.ud 



276 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 

tlie Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in -wliicli such 
acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 

Sec. 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges 
and immunities of citizens in the several states. 

A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, 
who sliall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand 
of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered 
up, to be removed to the state having jurisdicl'on of the crime. 

No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof 
escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation 
therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered 
up on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. 

Sec. 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; 
but no ncAV state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of an}'- 
other state ; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, 
or parts of states, withottt the consent of the Legislatures of the states 
concerned, as well as of the Congress. 

The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful 
rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging 
to the United States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so constrtied 
as to prejttdice any claims of the United States or of any particular state. 

Sec. 4. The United States shall gtiarantee to ever}'- state in this 
Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them 
against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or of the Execu- 
tive (when the Legislature can not be convened), against domestic vio- 
lence. 

Article V. 

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it 
necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the ap- 
plication of the Legislattires of two-thirds of the several states, shall call 
a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be 
valid to all intents and ptirposes as part of this Constitution, when rati- 
fied by the Legislatures of tliree fourths of the several states, or by con- 
ventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratifi- 
cation may be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment 
which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and 
eight shall in au}^ manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth 
section of the first article ; and that no state, without its consent, shall 
be deprived of its equal stiffrage in the Senate. 

Article VL 

All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adop- 
tion of this Constittition shall be as valid against the United States under 
this Constittition as under the Confederation. 

This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be 
made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, 
under the authority of the LTnited States, shall be the supreme law of the 
land ; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in 
the Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notAvithstanding. 

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the mem- 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 



277 



"bers of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial offi- 
cers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound 
by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test 
shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under 
the United States. 

Article VII. 

The ratification of the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient 
for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifying 
the same. 

Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the 
seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the 
United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have 
hereunto subscribed our names. 

GEO. WASHINGTON, 
President and Deputy from Virginia. 



New Hampshire. 
John Langdon, 
Nicholas Gilman. 

Massachusetts. 
Nathaniel Gorham, 
Rupus King. 

Connecticut. 
Wm. Sam'l Johnson, 
Roger Sherman. 

New York, 
Alexander Hamilton. 

New Jersey. 
WiL. Livingston, 
Wm. Paterson, 
David Brearley, 
JoNA. Dayton. 

Pennsylvania. 
B. Franklin, 
RoBT. Morris, 
Thos. Fitzsemons, 
James Wilson, 
Thos. Mifflin, 
Geo. Clymer, 
Jared Ingersoll, 
Gouv. Morris. 



Delaware. 
Geo. Read, 
John Dickinson, 
Jaco. Broom, 
Gunning Bedford, Jr., 
Richard Bassett. 

Maryland. 
James M' Henry, 
Danl. Carroll, 
Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer. 

Virginia. 
John Blair, 
James Madison, Jr. 

North Carolina. 
Wm. Blount, 
Hu Williamson, 
Rich'd Dobbs Spaight. 

South Carolina. 
j. rutledge, 
Charles Pinckney, 
Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, 
Pierce Butler. 

Georgia. 
William Few, 
Abr. Baldwin. 

WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. 



AKD ITS AMENDMENTS. 



Articles in Addition to axd Amendatoky of the Constitution 

OF THE United States of America, 

Proposed hi/ Oomjriss and ratijied hi/ the Lcijhlatio'cs of tJie several states, 
pursuant to the fifth article of the oriijinaJ Constitutioti. 

Article I. 

CoiigTess shall make no law respecting an esmblisliment cf religion, 
or prohilnring the free exereij^ thereof ; or abridging the freedom of 
speech, or of the press: or tlili right of the people peaceably to assemble, 
and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 

Article II . 

A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free 
state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 

Article III. 

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without 
the consent of the owner, noi- in time of war but in a manner to be pre- 
scribed by law. 

Article IV. 

The right of tlie people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, 
and etfects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio- 
lated ; and no warrants shall issue but tipon probable catise, supported by 
oath or allirmation, and partietdarly describing the place to be searched 
and the persons or things to be seized. 

Article V. 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous 
crime, unless on a presentuienc or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in 
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual 
service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject 
for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall 
be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be 
deprived of life, liberty, or property, Avithout due process of law; nor 
shall private property be taken for public use. without just compensation. 

Article VI. 

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to o 
speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district 
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have 
been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and 
cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; 
to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to 
have the assistance of counsel for his defense. 

Article VII. 

In suits at common law. where the value in controversy shall exceed 
twenty dollars, the right of trif\l by jury shall be preserved, and no tact 






4,t^ 




' :/ki 




CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES ' 281 

tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United 
States than according to the rules of the common law. 

Article VIII. 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, 
nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 

Article IX. 

The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be 
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

ArvTiCLE X. 

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, 
nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, 
or to the people. 

Article XI. 

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to 
extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one 
of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub- 
jects of any foreign state. 

Article XII. 

The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot 
for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an 
inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they shall name in their 
ballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the 
person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of 
all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- 
President, and of the number of votes for each, which list thej' shall sign 
and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United 
States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the 
Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Rejpresentatives, 
open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person 
having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the 
highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as 
President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by 
ballot, the President, But in choosing the President,, the votes shall be 
taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a 
quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- 
tliirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to 
a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- 
dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the 
fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as 
President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of 
the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- 
President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority 
of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major- 



282 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 

itj; then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose 
the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds 
of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number 
shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible 
to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the 
United States. 

Aeticle XIII. 

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, 
shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- 
diction. 

Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- 
priate legislation. 

Aeticle XIV. 

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and 
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and 
of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law 
which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United 
States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, 
without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction 
the equal protection of the laws. 

Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states 
according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- 
sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to 
vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice- 
President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu- 
tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature 
thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being 
twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way 
abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of 
representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- 
ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens 
twenty-one years of age in such state. 

Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, 
or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or 
military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ- 
ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the 
United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu- 
tive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the 
United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the 
same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may 
by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. 

Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author- 
ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- 
ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- 
tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt 
or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the 
United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, 
obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



283 



Aeticle xy. 

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not 
be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of 
race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 

VOTE FOR GOVERNOR, 1877, AND PRESIDENT, 1876. 



Counties. 



Adair 

Adams 

Allamakee . . . 
Appanoose ..., 

Audubon 

Benton 

Black Hawk.. 

Boone 

Bremer 

Buchanan 

Buena Vista.. 

Butler 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Cass 

Cedar 

Cerro Gordo.. 

Cherokee 

Chickasaw ..., 

Clark 

Clay 

Clayton 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Dallas 

Davis 

Dacatur 

Delaware , 

Des Moines ... 

Dickinson 

Dubuque 

Emmett 

Fayette - 

Floyd , 

Franklin 

Fremont 

Greene 

Grundy......... 

Guthrie 

Hamilton 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Harrison 

Henry 

Howard 

Humboldt 

Ida 

Iowa 

Jackson , 

Jasper 

Jefferson 



1877. 
Governor. 



Rep. Dem. Gr. Pro 



982 

876 
1547 
1165 

410 
1432 
1780 
1612 
1180 
1290 

747 
1453 

418 

633 
1592 
1315 

903 

562 
1279 
1054 

517 
1873 
2444 

898 
1541 

893 
1269 
1226 
2315 

197 
1587 

213 
1933 
1233 
1311 
1250 
1031 

909 
1160 

842 

340 
1492 
1348 
1770 

551 

382 

321 
1132 
1619 
1977 
1396 



101 

397 
1540 
1049 

352 

71 

nil 

981 
582 
769 
192 
758 
75 
744 
839 

1093 

348 

74 

1107 

267 

16 

1770 

2327 
651 
215 

1231 
961 

1143 

1384 



3415 

28 

1067 

208 

336 

1331 

215 

504 

496 

205' 

95 

661 

86) 

424 

047 

149 

54 

1120 

1960 

1154 

753 



581 

485 
69 

729 

20 
567 

95 
466 
196 
725 
161 

19 
171 
141 
116 
206 

72 
383 

37 
813 

20 

66 
286 

19 

1241 

803 

311 

32 
767 



406 



162 

16 

334 

551 



364 
422 
29 
238 
523 

1041 
201 
115 
104 
642 
224 

1018 
576 



1876. 
President. 



Rep. Dem 



449 

244 

10 

1 

223 
20 
95 
74 
11 
30 

446 
40 
86 
94 
19 
67 

167 
66 

111 
80 
12 
19 

525 

6 

12 

53 



51 

57 

2 

1.54 

19 
140 
519 

64 



228 

15 

263 

109 



1334 

1376 

1709 

1711 

427 

290l| 

2979 

2018 

1737 

2227 

770 

1828 

022 

799 

1876 

2328 

1274 

861 

1574 

1405 

567 

2662 

3654 

1043 

21.36 

1586 

1647 

2233 

3325 

259 

2798 

246 

3029 

2U32 

1178 

1658 

1310 

1099 

1434 

1187 

281 

2152 

1557 

2809 

1194 

523 

21 i 

1870 

2126 

3375 

2106 



593 

620 

1646 

1419 

352 

1356 

1592 

1305 

757 

1416 

200 

780 

196 

771 

979 

1445 

448 

175 

1090 

816 

94 

2621 

3398 

638 

752 

1631 

1282 

1466 

2917 

48 

4977 

36 

1709 

751 

379 

1682 

510 

417 

629 

425 

99 

980 

1386 

1485 

600 

1S3 

57 

1348 

2485 

1804 

1449 



Counties. 



Johnson 

Jones 

Keokuk 

Kossuth 

Lee 

Linn 

Louisa 

Lucas 

Lyon 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mills 

Mitchell 

Monona 

Monroe 

Montgomery . 

Muscatine 

O'Brien 

Osceola 



1877. 
Governor. 



Rep. Dem. I Gr. 



Palo Alto 

Plymouth 

Pocahontas 

jPolk 

Pottawattamie.... 

Poweshiek 

Ringgold 

Sac 

Scott 

Shilby 

Sioux 

story 

Tama 

Taylor 

Union 

Van Buren 

Wapello 

Warren 

.Washington 

Wayne 

Webster 

Winnebago 

j Winneshiek 

iWoodbury 

Worth 

Wright 



Totals. 



1884 

1808 

1772 

463 

2157 

2524 

1328 

1203 

261 

1792 

1823 

1976 

1448 

1435 

1396 

680 

1034 

1122 

1753 

306 

295 

1166 

311 

779 

370 

3171 

2223 

1496 

964 

6£6 

3031 

8S« 

436 

1260 

1426 

1325 

899 

1490 

17 

1726 

1087 

1316 

850 

544 

2074 

1109 

628 

3in 



121 



2345 

1218| 

1526) 

236 

2863 

2316 

817 

804 

17 

1077 

10S6 

1866 

837 

1102 

459 

119 

928 

441 

1775 

21 

40 

508' 

357' 

487 j 

93 

18S5t 

2059 



18 

14 

322 

13 

350 

75 

89 

103 

9 

616 

1011 

760 

3S9 

98 

35 

432 

247 

532 

171 

201 

13 

34'; 



71 

128 
1903 

639 

132 

344 

833 

293 

516 
1305 
1029 

944 
1221 

832 

127 
40' 
1009! 279 

867i 226 

132 8 

106 11' 



77 
44 

1353 
218 
420 
071 
177 
309 
3 
49 
641 
196 
S6S 
830 
301 

1205 
742 
303 
404 

1421 



1876. 
President, 



Rep. Dem. 



273 
6S 

105 
89 

299 

585 

108 
12 
14 
56 

590 
95 

504 
28 
36 
9 
26 
47 

387 
14 
33 

293 
3 
39 
30 
94 

121 

346 
47 
13 
37 
16 



187 
133 



63 
130 
290 
101 
112 
3 

47 



2154r 
Majorities | 4j19:'. 



79353 



3422.' 



238 

9 

14 

9S 



2345 

2.591 

2364 

638 

3160 

4331 

1920 

1478 

262 

2246 

3221 

2736 

3056 

1452 

1663 

713 

1418 

1749 

2523 

463 

329 

2243; 

343 

835, 

374 

4321 

2565J 

2509! 

12461 

061 

3819! 

897j 

43&I 

184.3; 

2337 

1727 

123Sl 

2113' 

2582 

2439| 

24671 

1692, 

1299 

498 

27.59 

1034 

703 

571 



17133: 
59211 



3503 

1703 

1862: 

227 

3682 

291T 

1008^ 

1044 

4e 

1538 

1701 

23C4 

1189 

1165 

671 

304 

1246 

759 

2075 

110 

5^ 

801 

33:i 

60:i 

141 

2382; 

2414 

1083. 

422 

16fr 

2S53. 

631 

220- 

579 

1317 

076- 

795 

1661 

2412; 

1315 

150? 

1341 

987 

3» 

1617 

997 

149 

184 

12127 



Total vote, 1877, 245,766 , 1876 (including2949 Greenback), 292,943. 



VOTE FOR CONGRESSMEN, 1876. 



District. 


Rep. 


Dem. 


R. Maj. 


Totul. 


Maj. '74. 


District. 


Rep. 1 Dem. 


R. Maj. 


Total. 


Jlaj. '74. 


I 


17188 
16439 
17423 
20770 
19274 


14814 
140S3 
10100 
9379 
11154 


■ 2374 
1750 
1323 

11391 
8120 
41159 


32002 
31122 
33523 
311149 
30428 
33497 


n. 1803 
R. 657 
D. 63 
R. 3824 
R. 6243 


Ivii 


19490i 11688 
19358 15236 
19503 10583 


7808 
4122 
8980 


31184 
34594 
30146 


R. 230a 
R. 212r 
R. 584» 


11 


VIII 


Ill 


IX 


IV 




V 


168289 118356 


49933 


*29''lll 




VI 


18778 


14719 


R. 2724 









Total vote, 1874, 184,640 ; aggregate Republican majority, 24,524. *including 5,406 Greenback voto 



Practical Rules for Every Day Use. 



Sow to find the gain or loss per cent, when the cost and selling price 
are given. 

Rule. — Find the difference between the cost and selhng price, which 
will be the gain or loss. 

Annex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost 
price ; the result will be the gain or loss per cent. 

Soio to change gold into currency. 

Rule. — Multiply the given sum of gold by the price of gold. 

Sow to change currency into gold. 

Divide the amount in currency by the price of gold. 

Sow to find each partner's share of the gain or loss in a copartnership 
business. 

Rule. — Divide the whole gain or loss by the entire stock, the quo- 
tient .will be the gain or loss per cent. 

Multiply each partner's stock by this per cent., the result will be 
each one's share of the gain or loss. 

Sow to find gross and net weight and price of hogs. 

A short and simple method for finding the net weight., or price of hogs, 
when the gross iveight or price is given, and vice versa. 

Note. — It is generally assumed that the gross weight of Hogs diminislied by 1-5 or 20 per cent, 
of itself gives the net weight, and the net weight increased by K or 25 per cent, of itself equals the 
gross weight. 

To find the net weight or gross price. 
Multiply the given number by .8 (tenths.) 
To find the gross weight or net price. 
Divide the given number by .8 (tenths.) 
Sow to find the capacity of a granary, bin, or loagon-bed. 
Rule. — Multiply (by short method) the number of cubic feet by 
^ 6308, and point off one decimal place — the result will be the correct 
nswer in bushels and tenths of a bushel. 

For only an approximate ansiver, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and 
point off one decimal place. 

Soio to find the contents of a corn-crih. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or 

(284) 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 285 

by 4i ordinary method, and point off one decimal place — the result will 
be the answer in bushels. 

Note.— In estimating corn in the ear, the quality and the time it has been cribbed must be taken 
into consideration, since corn will shrinlc considerably during the Winter and Spring. This rule generally holds 
good for corn measured at the time it is cribbed, provided it is sound and clean. 

How to find the contents of a cistern or tank. 

Rule. — Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (all 
in feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off one 
decimal place — the result will be the contents in barrels of 31^ gallons. 

How to find the contents of a barrel or cask. 

Rule. — Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length 
(all in inches) in reveee:j:d order, so that its units will fall under the 
TENS ; multiply by short method, and this product again by 430 ; point 
off one decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons. 

How to measure hoards. 

Rule. — Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and 
divide the product by 12 — the result will be the contents in square feet. 

How to measure scantlings., joists, planks, sills, etc. 

Rule. — Multiply the width, the thickness, and the length together 
(the width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide 
the product by 12 — the result will be square feet. 

How to find the number of acres in a body of land. 

Rule. — Multiply the length by the width (in rods), and divide the 
product by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal j^laces if there is a 
remainder) ; the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths. 

When the opposite sides of a piece of land are of unequal length, 
add them together and take one-half for the mean lencrth or width. 

Hoiv to find the number of square yards in a floor or wall. 

Rule. — Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and 
divide the product by 9, the result will be square yards. 

How to find the number of bricks required in a building. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 22^. 

The number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height 
nd thickness (in feet) together. 

Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches 
thick ; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar, 
but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space. 

How to find the number of shingles required in a roof. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the 
shingles are exposed 4^- inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches. 

To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by 
twice the lensrth of the rafters. 



286 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 

To find the length of the rafters, at one-fourth pitch, multiply the 
•width of the building by .56 (hundredths) ; at one-third pitch, by .6 
(tenths) ; at two-fifths pitch, by .64 (hundredths) ; at one-half 
pitch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from 
the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be 
taken into consideration. 

Note.— By H or }4 pitch is meant that tlie apex or comb of thereof is to be >f or M the width of the 
buiUUug higher than tlie walls oi- base of the rafters. 

Mow to reckon the cost of hay. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton, 
and remove the decimal point three places to the left. 

Hoiv to measure grain. 

Rule. — Level the grain ; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic 
feet ; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to 
the left. 

NOTB.— Exactness requires the addition to every three hundred bushels of one extra bushel. 

The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by 
multiplying the number of bushels by 8. 

If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find 
the number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of eai 
corn to make 1 of shelled corn. 

Rapid rules for measuring land tvithout instruments. 

In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any 
given plot in square j-ards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the 
number of rods and acres. 

The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, 
an ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on 
the average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes. 

To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to 
walk in a straight line ; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line 
straight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote ; and, in walk- 
ing, keep these objects constantly in line. 

Farmers and others hy adopting the following simple and ingenious con- 
trivance., may alivays carry loith them the scale to construct a correct yard 
measure. 

Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger oi 
the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the 
left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink. 

To find how many rods in length ivill make an acre., the width being given. 
EULE. — Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer. 



^ 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 287 

Hoio to find the number of acres in any plot of land^ the number of rods 
being given. 

Rule. — Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, 
and remove the decimal point two places to the left. 
The diameter being given, to find the circumference. 
Rule. — Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7. 
How to find the diameter., when the circumference is given. 
Rule. — Divide the circumference by 3 1-7. 

To find hoiv many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick- 
ness throughout will contain when squared. 

Rule. — Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply 
by the length in feet, and divide the product by 144. 

General rule for measuring timber., to find the solid contents in feet. 

Rule. — Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and 
then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144. 

To find the number of feet of timber in trees with the bark on. 

Rule. — Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in 
inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to 
1-15 according to the thickness of the bark. 

Hotvard s neiv rule for computing interest. 

Rule. — The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest 
on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal 
point two places to the left ; for ten times that time, remove the point 
one place to the left; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three 
places to the left. 

Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given. 

KoTE.— The reciprocal of the rate is founa by inverting: the rate ; thus 3 per cent, per month, in- 
verted, becomes K of a month, or 10 clays. 

When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus : 3-1, 
three ones. 

Hule for converting English into American currency. 
Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, 
by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90. 

U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE. 

A township — 36 sections each a mile square. 
A section — 640 acres. 

A quarter section, half a mile square — 160 acres. 
An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter 
of a mile wide — 80 acres. 

A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square — 40 acres. 



Tho sections avo nil timnbovod I to ;h\ i.\MnuuMu-ithi' at tho vu>vth-i\t!>t 
coriior. 

The soot ions ivre divided into quart ei"s, whioh avo named bv tl\o 
eavvlinal points. The quartei"s are divided in the san\e Nvay. The de 
sevipuonot" a torty aeivlot Avould read: The souih halt of the \vesthal£ ot* 
tlio South-west quarter of section 1 iu township 24, north of range 7 \rest, 
or as the ease might he ; and sometimes will tall short and sometimes 
overrun the nuu\ber of acivs it is supposed to eontuin. 

The nautical mik^ is 795 4-o feet h^jng-er than the common mih>. 

SURVEYORS" MEASURE. 

7 92-100 inches make I link. 

-o links s " I rod. 

■IriHls " I obtain. 

80 chains •• 1 mile. 

KOTK. — \ chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or od leei. 

Shoemaker formerly used a subdivisiot\ of the itioh ealled a hai-loy- 
coru ; three of which made an inch. 

Horses are measured diwctly over the fore feet., and the stiuulavd v>t" 
measure is four inches— called a hand. 

In lUblieal ai\d other old measurements^ the term sjmn is sometimes 
used, which is a leiigth of nine inches. 

The sacred cubit of the Jc\a*s was 24.0-4 inches in length. 

The common cuhit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length. 

A pace is equal to a j*ard or SO inches. 

A fathom is equal to feet. 

A league is three miles, but. its length is \-ariabl0, for it is stxiotly 
speaking a nautical term, and should he three g>80graphieal miles, equal 
to 8.45 statute miles, but wheii used on land, thive statute miles art* said 
to be a league. 

In cloth measure an antte is equal to li v.vrds^ or 45 inches. 

An Amstcixlam ell is equal to 20. TOO inches. 

A Trieste ell is equal to 25.2S4 inches, 

.\ Brabant ell is equal to 27.1 Id inches. 

HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS. 

Every ftu^mer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, 
should keep a record of his transivotions in a clear and s^*stematic man- 
ner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportuitity of ac- 
quiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here 
present a simple form of keeping acoounts which is easily compix^hendcd, 
wid well adapted to record the business transactions of farmei's, mechanics 
and laborei-s. 



MISCELLANEOUS INFOHMATTON. 



289 



1876. 



A. II. JACKS(3N. 



Dr. 



Cr. 



Jan. 
VrU. 

Mar(>h 

it 

u 
a 

April 

May 

July 



To 7 bushols AVhoat at li 1.25 

By sliooiiio- span of Horses . 

To 11: bushels Oats at $ .45 

To 5 lbs. 15utter at .25 

liy noAV IIarro^v 

By sharpeuinj^ 2 Plows. 

By new 1 )ouhle-Tree 

To Cow anil C-air 

To half ton of Hay 

1 ^y C-Ash 

By repairing' Corn-Planter 

To one Sow with Pigs _ 

IJy Cash, to balance account ._ 



1^8 


75 


^2 


G 


30 


' 


1 


25 


18 


■18 


00 


2 





25 


25 
4 


17 


50 


35 


$88 


05 


$588 



50 



00 
10 



00 

75. 

15 



05 



is7r». 



CASS A MASON. 



I>r. 



Cr. 



March 


21 

21 

23 

1 

1 

IS) 

2li 

10 

20 

12 

12 

1 


By 3 days' labor 

To 2 Shoats . 


at 11.25 

at 3.00 


8 
10 

2 
2 

20 
18 


00 
10 

00 

75 
70 

00 
20 


25 
12 

18 
9 


75 


May 


To 18 bushels Corn. 

By 1 month's Labor . . 


at .45 


00 


To Cash 




Jiuie 


1 >y 8 days' Mowing- . 


_ _ at ,*1 50 


00 


" 


To 50 lbs. Flour 


July 


To 27 lbs. Meat 


at 1 .10 




Auff. 


By S) days' Harvesting 

By G tlays' liabor 


at 2.00 

at 1 .50 


00 
00 


« 


To Cash... 




Sept. 


To Cash to balance account __ 














$G7 


75 


$67 


75 



INTEREST TABLE. 

A SlMPLlS Uum l-'OU .VOCUllATKLY COMPUTINO INTEREST AT AT(Y GIVKH- Pkii CKNT I-OU A,NY 

Lenutii Ob'" Time. 



oucl 



MiiltU>ly tho priii<:if)(it(amountof luonoy at interest) by the time reduced to days; t'len aivido this prodii 
tlio quofi(!Ut olitalneiUiy lUvidins 300 (tlio number of davs in tlve iiuorest year) by the per cent, ol intere 
clf.'ic quotient thus obtained \vlH bo tlio roquiroil interest. 



product 

St, 



ILl.l'STKATlOX. 



Koiiuiro the iulerost of !>4i)'v.r)0 fiir one nionlh ami eicrliteen ilavs at 6 per eent. .\n 
intere.'^t numih is ;!t)il:ivs; o\\^^ mouth and eitrhteen day-; eiiii.U IS days. S.t()•.i..^O niul ti- 



ff 4G-J. 50 
.48 



370000 



plied 1m .-IS ;vives ;:^-JC'> 0000; liiH) ilivided bv li ^!he per eent. of iutcM-est i trives 00, and 

?'.^0'.*. 0000 divide.l bv 00 will t;i\-e veil the eN.:ii't intere-;t, whie'i is S3. 70. tirho ra'e of 

iuieresi in the ahove e\anipl> were 1'.3 per eeut., we ^vould divide the S:i'.i!j.0000 liy 30 fi)3R0 \ l^^."''0<l" 

U'eeause^iiO divided In- VJ .uives 30^; if t per eent., wo would Ulvido by 90; if 8 per — _: ) 

cent., by •t.'i: and in 1 dio maimer for any otber per ceut. Uq /«;22C.0O00tS3. 



ISO 



•I'JO 



00 



MISCELLANEOUS TABLE. 

13 units, or things, 1 Dozen. 1 136 pounds, 1 'Barrel of Flour. I C4 sheets of paper. 1 Quire. 

I'i dozen, 1 (.iross. 200 pounds, 1 15arrel of I'ork. '20 quires paper 1 Ream. 

ao thliujs, 1 Seoro. | 5(5 pounds, 1 Kirkinof Butter. | -l ft. wide. -1 1^:, hicrh, and 8 ft- long, 1 Cord Wood. 



290 MISCELLANEOUS INFOR^MATION. 

NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR SIGNIFICATIONS, 

Virginia. — The oldest of the States, was so called in honor of Queen 
Elizabeth, the '• Virg'in Queen," in whose reign Sir "Walter Raleigh made 
Ms first attempt to colonize that region. 

Florida. — Ponce de Leon lauded on the coast of Florida on Easter 
Sunday, and called the country in commemoration of the day, ^Yhieh was 
the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or *• Feast of Flowers." 

Louisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time 
owned that section of the country. 

Alahayna was so named by the Indians, and signifies ** Here we Eest." 

Mississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning *• Long River. "" 

Arkajisas, from Kansas, the Indian word for " smoky water." Its 
prefix was really arc, the French word for '• bow." 

The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called "Carolana," 
after Charles the Xinth of France. 

G-eorgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first 
established a colony there in 17 oil. 

Tennessee is the Indian name for the "River of the Bend," /. e., the 
Mississippi which forms its western boundary. 

Kentuch/ is the Indian name for " at the head ot" the river." 

Ohio means *• beautiful ; " loira. " drowsy ones : " Minnesota, " cloudy 
water," and Wisconsin, " wild-rushing channel." 

Illinois is derived from the Indian word iUini, men, and the French 
suffix ois, together signifying '* tribe of men." 

Michigan was called by the name given the lake, Jish-weir, which was 
so styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap. 

Missouri is from the Indian word " muddy," which more properly 
applies to the river that tlows throttgh it. 

Oregon owes its Indian name also to irs principal river. 

Cortes named California. 

Massachusetts h the Indian for •• The country around the great hills." 

Connecticut, from the Indian Quou-ch-ta-Cut, signifying "Long 
River." 

Man/land, after Henrietta Maria. Qtieen of Charles the First, of 
England. 

JVt'«' Torh was named by the Duke of York. 

Pennsi/Ivania means '• Penn's woods," and was so called after William 
-Penn, its orignal owner. 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 



291 



Delaware after Lord De La Ware. 

Netv Jersey^ so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was 
Cxovernor of the Island of Jersey, in the British Channel. 

Maine was called after the province of Maine in France, in compli- 
inent of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province. 

Vermont^ from the French word Vert Mont, signifying Green 
Mountain. 

New Hampshire, from Hampshire county in England. It was 
formerly called Laconia. 

The little State of Rhode Island owes its name to the Island of 
Rhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly 
resemble. 

Texas is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that 
section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States. 



POPULATION OF THE 
UNITED STATES. 



States and Territories. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia ; 1 

Illinois 2 

Jndiana 1 

Iowa 1, 



Total 
Population. 



Kansas 

Kentucliy 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

JMichigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraslca 

Nevada 

New Hampshire. 

New Jersey 

New Yorlc . 

North Carolina .. 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina... 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 



Total States., 



Arizona 

€olorada 

Dakota 

District of Columbia. 

Idaho 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Washington 

Wyoming 



Total Territories.... 
Total United States. 



996.992 
484,471 
560,247 
537,454 
125,015 
187,748 
,184,109 
,539,891 
,680,637 
,191,792 
364,399 
,321,011 
726,915 
626,916 
780,894 
,457,351 
,184,059 
439,706 
827,922 
,721,295 
122,993 

42.491 
318,300 
906.096 
,382.759 
,071,361 
,665.260 

90,923 
,521,791 
217,353 
705,606 
,258,520 
818,579 
330,551 
,225,163 
442,014 
,054,670 



38,113,253 



9,658 
39,864 
14,181 
131.700 
14,999 
20,595 
91,874 
86,786 
23,955 
9,118 

442,730 



38,555,983 



POPULATION OF FIFTY 
PRINCIPAL CITIES. 



Cities. 



New York, N. T 

Philadelphia, Pa... 

Brooklyn, N. Y 

St. Louis, Mo 

Chicago, 111 

Baltimore, Md 

Boston, Mass 

Cincinnati, Ohio... 
New Orleans, La. . 
San Francisco, Cal. 

Buffalo, N. Y 

Washington, D. C. 

Newark, N. J 

Louisville, Ky 

Cleveland, Ohio 

Pittsburg, Pa 

Jersey City, N. J .. 

Detroit, Mich 

Milwaukee, Wis... 

Albany, N. Y 

Providence, R. I... 

Rochester, N. Y 

Allegheny, Pa 

Richmond, Va 

New Haven, Conn. 

Charleston, S. C 

Indianapolis, Ind.. 

Troy, N. Y 

Syracusi:, N. Y 

Worcester, Mass... 

Lowell, Mass 

Memphis, Tenn 

Cambridge, Mass... 

Hartford, Conn 

Scranton, Pa 

Reading, Pa 

Paterson, N.J 

Kansas City, Mo... 

Mobile, Ala 

Toledo, Ohio 

Portland, Me 

Columbus, Ohio 

Wilmington, Del... 

Dayton, Ohio 

Lawrence, Mass 

Utica, N. y 

Charlestown, Mass 

Savannah, Ga 

Lynn, Mass 

Fall River, Mass... 



Aggregate 
Population. 



942, 

674 

396 

310 

298 

267 

250 

216, 

191 

149 

117 

109, 

105, 

100, 

92, 

86, 

82, 

79, 

71, 

69, 

68, 

62, 

53, 

51. 

50, 

48, 

48, 

46, 

43, 

41, 

40, 

40. 

39, 

37, 

35, 

33, 

33, 

32, 

32, 

31, 

31 

31, 

30, 

30, 

28, 

28, 

28, 

28, 

28, 

26, 



,292 
,022 
099 
,864 
977 
,354 
526 
239 
418 
473 
714 
199 
059 
753 
829 
076 
546 
577 
440 
422 
904 
386 
180 
038 
840 
956 
244 
465 
051 
105 
928 
226 
634 
180 
092 
930 
579 
260 
034 
584 
,413 
274 
841 
473 
,921 
,804 
323 
235 
233 
766 



292 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 



POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



States and 
Territoriks. 


Area in 
square 
Miles. 

50,723 

53,198 

188981 

4.674 

2,130 

59,368 

58,000 

55,410 

33,809 

55,045 

81,318 

37,600 

41,346 

31,776 

11,184 

7,800 

56,451 

83,531 

47,156 

65,350 

75,995 

113,090 

9,380 

8.330 

47,000 

50,704 

39,964 

95,344 


POPITLATION. 


Miles 
R. R. 
1873. 


States and 
Territories. 


Area in 
square 
Miles. 


Population. 


Miles 
R. R. 
1872. 


1870. 

996.992 

484.471 

560,347 

537,454 

135.015 

187,748 

1,184,109 

3,539,891 

1.680,637 

1,191,793 

364,399 

1,331,011 

736,915 

636.915 

780.894 

1,457.351 

1,184,059 

439,706 

837,933 

1,731.395 

133.993 

43,491 

318.300 

906,096 

4,383,759 

1,071,361 

2,665,360 

90,933 


1875. 


1870. 


1875. 


States. 




1,671 

25 

1,013 

830 

337 

466 

3,108 

5,904 

3,539 

3.160 

1,760 

1,133 

539 

871 

83 U 

1,606 

3,335 

1,613 

990 

3.580 

838 

593 

790 

1,365 

4,470 

1.190 

3,740 

ls9 


States. 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina... 
Tennessee 


46,000 
1,306 
29,385 
45,600 
337.504 
10,213 
40,904 
33,000 
53,934 


3,531,791 
217,353 
705,606 

1,358,530 
818,579 
330,551 

1,335,163 
443,014 

1,054.670 




5,113 
136 






258,239 
935,145 


Caiifoniia 




1 201 


Connecticut 




1,520 
855 


Delaw.are 




Texas 




Florida 






675 










1,490 

485 


Illinois 




West Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Total States 

Territories. 




Indiana 


l,3:x;.73f 


1,735 




1,350,544 
538,349 






1,950,171 

113,916 

104,.'^00 

147,490 

60 

90,933 

143.776 

121.201 

80.056 

69.944 

93,107 


38,113,353 

9,658 
39,864 
14,181 
131,700 
14.999 
20,595 
91,874 
86.786 
23.955 

9,118 




59,587 


Kentucky 


Louisiana 

Maine 


857,039 




Maryland 


1,651", 9 13 
1,334,031 

598,439 






392 


Massachusetts. . . 


Bakota 






Michigan* 


Uist. of Columbia. 
Idaho 




* 


Minnesota 






Mississippi 








Missouri 




New Mexico 

■ptah 






Nebraska 


246,280 
53,540 




375 


Nevada 


Washington 

Wyoming 






New Hampshire. 




498 


New Jersey 

New York 


1,036.503 
4,705,308 


Total Territories. 

Aggregate of U. S.. 
* Included in t 






965,033 


443,730 




1,365 








Ohio 




2,915,303 
he Railro 


38,555,983 
Id Mileage 






Oregon 




fin.R.«i2 


* Last Censu 


s of Mic 


higan tak 


en in 1874 




of Maryland. 



PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD; 

Population and Area. 



Countries. 



China 

British Empire 

Russia 

United States with Alaska. 

France 

Austria and Hungary 

Japan 

Great Britain and Ireland. 

German Empire 

Italy 

Spain 

Brazil 

Turkey 

Mexico 

Sweden and Norway 

Persia 

Belgium 

Bavaria 

Portugal 

Holland 

>■ ew Grenada 

Chili 

Switzerland 

Peru 

Bolivia 

Argentine Republic 

Wurteniburg 

Denmark 

Venezuela 

Baden 

Greece 

Guatemala 

Ecuador 

Paraguay 

Hesse 

Liberia 

San Salvador 

Hayti 

Nicaragua 

Uruguay 

Honduras 

San Domingo 

Costa Rica 

Hawaii , 



Population. 



446, 

226 

81, 

38. 

36, 

35, 

34, 

31, 

29, 

27 

U. 

10 

16, 

9, 

5, 

5, 

5, 

4 

3, 

3 

3, 



500.000 
817.108 
925.400 
935,600 
469,800 
904,400 
785.300 
817,100 
906,093 
439,931 
643,000 
000.060 
463,000 
173.000 
931,500 
000,000 
031,300 
861,400 
995,300 
688,300 
000.000 
000,000 
669.100 
500,000 
000,000 
813,000 
; 818, 500 
784.700 
500,000 
,461,400 
,457.900 
180.000 
,300.000 
,000.000 
833,138 
718,000 
600,000 
572,000 
350,000 
300,000 
350,000 
136,000 
165.000 
62.9.50 



Date of 
Census. 



1871 
1871 
1871 
1870 
1866 
1869 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1867 



1869 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1871 
1868 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1870 
1871 

"1869 
1871 
1870 

'1871 
1870 
1871 

'isii 
"isfi 

1871 

'isii 

1871 
1871 

"isfo 



Area in 
Square 
Miles. 



3,741,846 

4,677,432 

8,003,778 

3,603,884 

204,091 

340.348 

149,399 

121,315 

160,207 

118,847 

195,775 

3,253,039 

673.631 

761.536 

393.871 

635,964 

11.373 

29.393 

34.494 

13.680 

357,157 

133,616 

15,992 

471.838 

497.331 

871,848 

7,533 

14,753 

368.338 

5,913 

19,353 

40,879 

318,928 

63,787 

2,969 

9,576 

7,335 

10,205 

58,171 

66,723 

47.093 

17,827 

21.505 

7.633 



Inhabitants 

to Square 

Mile. 



119.3 

48.6 

10.2 

7.78 

178.7 

149.4 

232.8 

262.3 

187. 

230.9 

85. 

3.07 
24.4 

" '20'. 

7.8 
441.5 
165.9 
115.8 
290.9 
8.4 
15.1 
166.9 
5.3 
4. 
2.1 
241.4 
130.9 
4.2 
247. 
75.3 
38.9 
5.9 
15.6 
277. 
74.9 
81.8 
56. 
6. 
6.5 
7.4 
7.6 
7.7 
80. 



Pekin 

London 

St. Petersburg. 
Washington ... 

Paris 

Vienna 

Yeddo 

London 

Berlin 

Rome 

Madrid 

Rio Janeiro 

Constantinople 

Mexico 

Stockholm 

Teheran 

Brussels 

Municli 

Lisbon 

Hague 

Bogota 

Santiago 

Berne 

Lima 

Chuquisaca 

Buenos Ayres.. 

Stuttgart 

Copenhagen — 

Caraccas 

Carlsruhe 

Athens 

Guatemala 

Quito 

Asuncion 

Darmstadt 

Monrovia 

Sal Salvador . . . 
Port au Prince 

Managua 

Monte Video... 

Comayagua 

San Domingo... 

San Jose 

Honolulu 



Population. 



1,648,800 

3,251,800 

667,000 

109,199 

1,825,300 

833,900 

1,554,900 

3,251,800 

835,400 

244,484 

333,000 

430,000 

1,075,000 

210,300 

136,900 

130,000 

314,100 

169,500 

234,063 

90,100 

45.000 

115,400 

36,000 

160,100 

25,000 

177.800 

91,600 

163,043 

47,000 

36,600 

43,400 

40,000 

70,000 

48,000 

30.000 

3,000 

15.000 

20,000 

10,000 

44.500 

13,000 

20,000 

3.000 

7,633. 



ABSTRACT OF IO¥A STATE LAWS. 



BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES. 

Upon negotiable bills, and notes payable in this State, grace shall be allowed 
accordino- to the law merchant. All the above mentioned paper falling due on 
Sunday, New Year's Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed 
or recommended by the President of the United States or the Governor of the 
State, as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day pre- 
vious. No defense can be made against a negotiable instrument (assigned before 
due) in the hands of the assignee without notice, except fraud was used in 
obtaining the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence must be used by suit 
against the maker or his representative. Notes payable to person named or to 
order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payee. 
Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and when so payable, 
every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment, unless otherwise 
expressed. 

In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month shall 
be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a' month, 
a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes only bear interest 
when so expressed; but after due, they draw the legal interest, even if not 
stated. 

INTEREST. 

The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree, in writing, 
on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater than ten 
per cent, is contracted for, it works a forfeiture of ten per cent, to the school 
fund, and only the principal sum can be recov.^red. 

DESCENT. 

The personal property of the deceased (except (1) that necessary for pay- 
ment of debts and expenses of administration ; (2) property set apart to widow, 
as exempt from execution; (3) allowance by court, if necessary, of twelve 
months' support to widow, and to children under fifteen years of age), includino- 
life insurance, descends as does real estate. 

One-third in value (absolutely) of all estates in real property, possessed by 
•husband at any time during marriage, which have not been sold on execution 
or other judicial sale, and to which the wife has made no relinquishment of her 
right, shall be set apart as her property, in fee simple, if she survive him, 

(2981 



294 ABSTRACT OF lOAVA STATE LAWS. 

The same share shall be set apart to the surviving husband of a deceased 

wife. 

The widow's share cannot be affected by any will of her husband's, unless 
she consents, in writing thereto, within six months after notice to her of pro- 
visions of the will. 

The provisions of the statutes of descent apply alike to surviving husband 
or surviving wife. 

Subject to the above, the remaining estate of which the decedent died 
siezed, shall in absence of other arrangements by will, descend 

First. To his or her children and their descendants in equal parts ; the 
descendants of the deceased child or grandchild taking the share of their 
deceased parents in equal shares among them. 

Second. Where there is no child, nor descendant of such child, and no 
widow or surviving husband, then to the parents of the deceased in equal parts ; 
the surviving parent, if either be dead, taking the whole ; and if there is no 
parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descend- 
ants. 

Third. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or chil- 
dren, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the estate shall descend to 
such' widow or surviving husband, absolutely; and the other half of tlie estate 
shall descend as in other cases where there is no widow or surviving husband, 
or child or children, or descendants of the same. 

Fourth. If there is no child, parent, brother or sister, or descendants of 
either of them, then to wife of intestate, or to her heirs, if dead, according to 

like rules. 

Fifth. If any intestate leaves no child, parent, brother or sister, or de- 
scendants of either of them, and no widow or surviving husband, and no child, 
parent, brother or sister (or descendant of either of them) of such widow or 
surviving husband, it shall escheat to the State. 



WILLS AND ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS. 

No exact form of words are necessary in order to make a will good at law. 
Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female of the age 
of ei^diteen years, of sound mind and memory, can make a valid will ; it must 
be iii^writino;, signed by the testator, or by some one in his or her presence, and 
by his or her e'xpress' direction, and attested by two or more competent wit- 
nesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not interested in the will. 
Inventory to be made by executor or administrator within fifteen days from 
date of letters testamentary or of administration. Executors' and administra- 
tors' compensation on amount of personal estate distributed, and for proceeds of 
sale of real estate, five per cent, for first one thousand dollars, two and one-half 
per cent, on overplus up to five thousand dollars, and one per cent, on overplus 
above five thousand dollars, with such additional allowance as shall be reasona- 
ble for extra services. 

Within ten dai/s after the receipt of letters of administration, the executor 
or administrator shall give such notice of appointment as the court or clerk shall 
direct. 

Claims (other than preferred) must be filed within one year thereafter, are 
forever barred, unless the claim, is pending in the District or Supreme Court, or 
unless peculiar circumstances entitle the claimant to equitable relief. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 295 

Claims are classed and payable in the following order: 

1. Expenses of administration. 

2. Expenses of last sickness and funeral. 

3. Allowance to widow and children, if made by the court. 

4. Debts preferred under laws of the United States. 

5. Public rates and taxes. 

6. Claims filed within six months after the first publication of the notice 
given by the executors of their appointment. 

7. All other debts. 

8. Legacies. 

The award, or property which must be set apart to the widow, in her own 
right, by the executor, includes all personal property which, in the hands of tho 
deceased, as head of a family, would have been exempt from execution. 



TAXES. 

The owners of personal property, on the first day of January of each year, 
and the owners of real property on the first day of November of each year, are 
liable for the taxes thereon. 

The following property is exempt from taxation, viz. ; 

1. The property of the United States and of this State, including univer- 
sity, agricultural, college and school lands and all property leased to the State ; 
property of a county, township, city, incorporated town or school district when 
devoted entirely to the public use and not held for pecuniary profit ; public 
grounds, including all places for the burial of the dead ; fire engines and all 
implements for extinguishing fires, with the grounds used exclusively for their 
buildings and for the meetings of the fire companies ; all public libraries, 
grounds and buildings of literary, scientific, benevolent, agricultural and reli- 
gious institutions, and societies devoted solely to the appropriate objects of these 
institutions, not exceeding 640 acres in extent, and not leased or otherwise used 
with a view of pecuniary profit ; and all property leased to agricultural, charit- 
able institutions and benevolent societies, and so devoted during the term of such 
lease ; provided, that all deeds, by which such property is held, shall be duly 
filed for record before the property therein described shall be omitted from the 
assessment. 

2. The books, papers and apparatus belonging to the above institutions; 
used solely for the purposes above contemplated, and the like property of stu- 
dents in any such institution, used for their education. 

3. Money and credits belonging exclusively to such institutions and devoted 
solely to sustaining them, but not exceeding in amount or income the sum pre- 
scribed by their charter. 

4. Animals not hereafter specified, the wool shorn from sheep, belonging to 
the person giving the list, his flinn produce harvested within one year previous 
to the listing; private libraries not exceeding three hundred dollars in value; 
family pictures, kitchen furniture, beds and bedding requisite for each family, 
all wearing apparel in actual use, and all food provided for the family ; but no 
person from whom a compensation for board or lodging is received or expected, 
is to be considered a member of the family within the intent of this clause. 

5. The polls or estates or both of persons who, by reason of age or infirm- 
ity, may. in the opinion of the Assessor, be unable to contribute to the public 



296 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

revenue ; such opinion and the fact upon which it is based being in all cases 
reported to the Board of Equalization by the Assessor or any other person, and 
subject to reversal by them. 

6. The farming utensils of any person who makes his livelihood by farming, 
and the tools of any mechanic, not in either case to exceed three hundred dollars 
in value. 

7. Government lands entered or located or lands purchased from this State, 
should not be taxed for the year in which the entry, location or purchase is 
made. 

There is also a suitable exemption, in amount, for planting fruit trees or 
forest trees or hedges. 

Where buildings are destroyed by fire, tornado or other unavoidable casu- 
alty, after being assessed for the year, the Board of Supervisors may rebate 
taxes for that year on the property destroyed, if same has not been sold for 
taxes, and if said taxes have not been delinquent for thirty days at the time of 
destruction of the property, and the rebate shall be allowed for such loss only 
as is not covered by insurance. 

All other property is subject to taxation. Every inhabitant of full age and 
sound mind shall assist the Assessor in listing all taxable property of which 
he is the owner, or which he controls or manages, either as agent, guardian, 
father, husband, trustee, executor, accounting officer, partner, mortgagor or 
lessor, mortgagee or lessee. 

Road beds of railway corporations shall not be assessed to owners of adja- 
cent property, but shall be considered the property of the companies for pur- 
poses of taxation ; nor shall real estate used as a public highway be assessed 
and taxed as part of adjacent lands whence the same was taken for such public 
purpose. 

The property of railway, telegraph and express companies shall be listed 
and assessed for taxation as the property of an individual would be listed and 
assessed for taxation. Collection of taxes made as in the case of an individual. 

The Township Board of Equalization shall meet first Monday in April of 
each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. 

The County Board of Eqalization (the Board of Supervisors) meet at their 
regular session in June of each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. 

Taxes become delinquent February 1st of each year, payable, without 
interest or penalty, at any time before March 1st of each year. 

Tax sale is held on first Monday in October of each year. 

Redemption may be made at any time within three years after date of sale, 
by paying to the County Auditor the amount of sale, and twenty per centum of 
such amount immediately added as penalty, with ten per cent, interest per 
annum on the whole amount thus made from the day of sale, and also all sub- 
sequent taxes, interest and costs paid by purchaser after March 1st of each 
year, and a similar penalty of twenty per centum added as before, with ten per 
cent, interest as before. 

If notice has been given, by purchaser, of the date at which the redemption 
is limited, the cost of same is added to the redemption money. Ninety days' 
notice is required, by the statute, to be published by the purchaser or holder of 
certificate, to terminate the right of redemption. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS 297 

JURISDICTION OF COURTS 

DISTRICT COURTS 

have jurisdiction, general and original, both civil and criminal, except in such 
cases where Circuit Courts have exclusive jurisdiction. District Courts have 
exclusive supervision over courts of Justices of the Peace and Magistrates, in 
criminal matters, on appeal and writs of error. 

CIRCUIT COURTS 

have jurisdiction, general and original, with the District Courts, in all civil 
actions and special proceedings, and exclusive jurisdiction in all appeals and 
writs of error from inferior courts, in civil matters. And exclusive jurisdiction 
in matters of estates and general probate business. 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE 

have jurisdiction in civil matters where $100 or less is involved. By consent 
of parties, the jurisdiction may be extended to an amount not exceeding $300. 
They have jurisdiction to try and determine all public offense less than felony, 
committed within their respective counties, in which the Jitie, by law, does not 
exceed ^100 or the imprisonment thirty days. 



LIMITATION OF ACTIONS. 

Action for injuries to the person or reputation; for a stutute penalty; and 
to enforce a mechanics' lien, must be brought in two (2) years. 

Those against a public officer within three (3) years. 

Those founded on unwritten contracts; for injuries to property; for relief 
on the ground of fraud ; and all other actions not otherwise provided for, within 
five (5) years. 

Those founded on written contracts; on judgments of any court (except 
those provided for in next section), and for the recovery of real property, within 
ten (10) years. 

Those founded on judgment of any court of record in the United States, 
within twenty (20) years. 

All above limits, except those for penalties and forfeitures, are extended in 
favor of minors and insane persons, until one year after the disability is removed 
— time during which defendant is a non-resident of the State shall not be 
included in computing any of the above periods. 

Actions for the recovery of real property, sold for non-payment of taxes, 
must be brought within five years after the Treasurer's Deed is executed 
and recorded, except where a minor or convict or insane person is the owner, 
and they shall be allowed five years after disability is removed, in which to 
bring action. 

JURORS. 

All qualified electors of the State, of good moral character, sound judgment, 
and in full possession of the senses of hearing and seeing, are competent jurors 
in their respective counties. 

United States officers, practicing attorneys, physicians and clergymen, 
acting professors or teachers in institutions of learning, and persons disabled by 



298 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

bodily infirmity or over sixty-five years of age, are exempt from liability to act 
as jurors. 

Any person may be excused from serving on a jury when his own interests 
or the public's will be materially injured by his attendance, or when the state of 
his health or the death, or sickness of his family requires his absence. 

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 

was restored by the Seventeenth General Assembly, making it optional with 
the jury to inflict it or not. 

A MARRIED WOMAN 

may convey or incumber real estate, or interest therein, belonging to her ; may 
control the same or contract with reference thereto, as other persons may con- 
vey, encumber, control or contract. 

She may own, acquire, hold, convey and devise property, as her husband 
may. 

Her husband is not liable for civil injuries committed by her. 

She may convey property to her husband, and he may convey to her. 

She may constitute her husband her attorney in fact. 

EXEMPTIONS FROM EXECUTION. 

A resident of the State and head of a family may hold the following prop- 
erty exempt from execution : All wearing apparel of himself and family kept for 
actual use and suitable to the condition, and the trunks or other receptacles nec- 
essary to contain the same ; one musket or rifle and shot-gun ; all private 
libraries, family Bibles, portraits, pictures, musical instruments, and paintings 
not kept for the purpose of sale ; a seat or pew occupied by the debtor or his 
family in any house of public worship ; an interest in a public or private burying 
ground not exceeding one acre; two cows and a calf; one horse, unless a horse 
is exempt as hereinafter provided ; fifty sheep and the wool therefrom, and the 
materials manufactured from said wool ; six stands of bees ; five hogs and all 
pigs under six months ; the necessary food for exempted animals for six months ; 
all flax raised from one acre of ground, and manufactures therefrom ; one bed- 
stead and necessary bedding for every two in the family ; all cloth manufactured 
by the defendant not exceeding one hundred yards ; household and kitchen fur- 
niture not exceeding two hundred dollars in value ; all spinning wheels and 
looms ; one sewing machine and other instruments of domestic laber kept for 
actual use ; the necessary provisions and fuel for the use of the family for six 
months ; the proper tools, instruments, or books of the debtor, if a farmer, 
mechanic, surveyor, clergyman, lawyer, physician, teacher or professor; the 
horse or the team, consisting of not more than two horses or mules, or two yokes 
of cattle„and the wagon or other vehicle, with the proper harness or tackle, by 
the use of which the debtor, if a physician, public officer, farmer, teamster or 
other laborer, habitually earns his living ; and to the debtor, if a printer, there 
shall also be exempt a printing press and the types, furniture and material nec- 
essary for the use of such printing press, and a newspaper office to the value of 
twelve hundred dollars ; the earnings of such debtor, or those of his family, at 
any time within ninety days next preceding the levy. 

Persons unmarried and not the head of a family, and non-residents, have 
exempt their own ordinary wearing apparel and trunks to contain the same. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 299 

There is also exempt, to a head of a family, a homestead, not exceeding forty 
acres ; or, if inside city limits, one-half acre with improvements, value not 
limited. The homestead is liable for all debts contracted prior to its acquisition as 
such, and is subject to mechanics' liens for work or material furnished for the same. 

An article, otherwise exempt, is liable, on execution, for the purchase 
money thereof. 

Where a debtor, if a head of a family, has started to leave the State, he shall 
have exempt only the ordinary wearing apparel of himself and family, and 
other property in addition, as he may select, in all not exceeding seventy-five 
dollars in value. 

A policy of life insurance shall inure to the separate use of the husband or 
"wife and children, entirely independent of his or her creditors. 

ESTRAYS. 

An unbroken animal shall not be taken up as an estray between May 1st 
and November 1st, of each year, unless the same be found within the lawful 
enclosure of a householder, who alone can take up such animal, unless some 
other person gives him notice of the fact of such animal coming on his place ; 
and if he fails, within five days thereafter, to take up such estray, any other 
householder of the township may take up such estray and proceed with it as if 
taken on his own premises, provided he shall prove to the Justice of the Peace 
such notice, and shall make affidavit where such estray was taken up. 

Any swine, sheep, goat, horse, neat cattle or other animal distrained (for 
damage done to one's enclosure), when the owner is not known, shall be treated 
as an estray. 

Within five days after taking up an estray, notice, containing a full descrip- 
tion thereof, shall be posted up in three of the most public places in the town- 
ship ; and in ten days, the person taking up such estray shall go before a Justice 
of the Peace in the township and make oath as to where such estray was taken 
up, and that the marks or brands have not been altered, to his knoAvledge. 'J he 
estray shall then be ajppraised, by order of the Justice, and the appraisement, 
description of the size, age, color, sex, marks and brands of the estray shall be 
entered by the Justice in a book kept for that purpose, and he shall, within ten 
days thereafter, send a certified copy thereof to the County Auditor. 

When the appraised value of an estray does not exceed five dollars, the 
Justice need not proceed further than to enter the description of the estray on 
his book, and if no owner appears within six months, the property shall vest in 
the finder, if he has complied with the law and paid all costs. 

Where appraised value of estray exceeds five and is less than ten dollars, if 
no owner appears in nine months, the finder has the property, if he has com- 
plied with the law and paid costs. 

An estray, legally taken up, may be used or worked with care and 
moderation. 

If any person unlawfully take up an estray, or take up an estray and fail to 
comply with the law regarding estrays, or use or work it contrary to above, or 
work it before liiaving it appraised, or keep such estray out of the county more 
than five days at one time, before acquiring ownership, such offender shall foifeit 
to the county twenty dollars, and the owner may recover double damages with 
costs. 

If the owner of any estray fail to claim and prove his title for one year after 
the taking up, and the finder shall have complied with the law, a comolete title 
rests in the finder. 



300 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

But if the owner appear within eighteen months from the taking up, prove 
his ownership and pay all costs and expenses, the finder shall pay him the 
appraised value of such estray, or may, at his option, deliver up the estray. 

WOLF SCALPS. 
A bounty of one dollar is paid for wolf scalps. 

MARKS AND BRANDS. 

Any person may adopt his own mark or brand for his domestic animals, and 
have a description thereof recorded by the Township Clerk. 

No person shall adopt the recorded mark or brand of any other person 
residing in his township. 

DAMAGES FROM TRESPASS. 

When any person's lands are enclosed by a Imvful fence, the owner of any 
domestic animal injuring said lands is liable for the damages, and the damages 
may be recovered by suit against the owner, or may be made by distraining the 
animals doing the damage ; and if the party injured elects to recover by action 
against the owner, no appraisement need be made by the Trustees, as in case of 
distraint. 

When trespassing animals are distrained within twenty-four hours, Sunday 
not included, the party injured shall notify the owner of said animals, if known ; 
and if the owner fails to satisfy the party within twenty-four hours thereafter, 
the party shall have the township Trustees assess the damage, and notice shall 
be posted up in three conspicuous places in the township, that the stock, or part 
thereof, shall, on the teiitli day after posting the notice, between the hours of 1 
and 3 P. M., be sold to the highest bidder, to satisfy said damages, with costs. 

Appeal lies, within twenty days, from the action of the Trustees to the Cir- 
cuit Court. 

Where stock is restrained, by police regulation or by law, from running at 
large, any person injured in his improved or cultivated lands by any domestic 
animal, may, by action against the owner of such animal, or by distraining such 
animal, recover his damages, whether the lands whereon the injury was done 
were inclosed by a lawful fence or not. 

FENCES. 

A lawful fence is fifty-four inches high, made of rails, wire or boards, with 
posts not more than ten feet apart where rails are used, and eight feet where 
boards are used, substantially built and kept in good repair ; or any other fence 
which, in the opinion of the Fence Viewers, shall be declared a lawful fence — 
provided the lower rail, wire or board be not more that twenty nor less than six- 
teen inches from the ground. 

The respective owners of lands enclosed with fences shall maintain partition 
fences between their own and next adjoining enclosure so long as they improve 
them in equal shares, unless otherwise agreed between them. 

If any party neglect to maintain such partition fence as he should maintain, 
the Fence Viewers (the township Trustees'), upon complaint of aggrieved party, 
may, upon due notice to both parties, examine the fence, and. if found insuf- 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 301 

ficient, notify the delinquent party, in writing^ to repair or re-build the same 
within such time as they judge reasonable. 

If the fence be not repaired or rebuilt accordingly, the complainant may do 
so, and the same being adjudged sufficient by the Fence Viewers, and the 
value thereof, with their fees, being ascertained and certified under their hands, 
the complainant may demand of the delinquent the sum so ascertained, and if 
tlie same be not paid in one month after demand, may recover it with one per 
cent a month interest, by action. 

In case of disputes, the Fence Viewers may decide as to who shall erect or 
maintain partition fences, and in what time the same shall be done ; and in case 
any party neglect to maintain or erect such part as may be assigned to him, 
the aggrieved party may erect and maintain the same, and recover double 
damages. 

No person, not wishing his land inclosed, and not using it otherwise than in 
common, shall be compelled to maintain any partition fence ; but when he uses 
or incloses his land otherwise than in common, he shall contribute to the parti- 
tion fences. 

Where parties have had their lands inclosed in common, and one of the 
owners desires to occupy his separate and apart from the other, and the other 
refuses to divide the line or build a sufficient fence on the line when divided, 
the Fence Viewers may divide and assign, and upon neglect of the other to 
build as ordered by the Viewers, the one may build the other's part and 
recover as above. 

And when one incloses land which has lain uninclosed, he must pay for 
one-half of each partition fence between himself and his neighbors. 

Where one desires to lay not less than twenty feet of his lands, adjoining 
his neighbor, out to the public to be used in common, he must give his neighbor 
SIX months' notice thereof. 

Where a fence has been built on the land of another through mistake, the 
owner may enter upon such premises and remove his fence and material withn 
six months after the division line has been ascertained. Where the material to 
build such a fence has been taken from the land on which it was built, then, 
before it can be removed, the person claiming must first pay for such material 
to the owner of the land from which it was taken, nor shall such a fence be 
removed at a time when the removal will throw open or expose the crops of the 
other party ; a reasonable time must be given beyond the six months to remove 
crops. 

MECHANICS' LIENS. 

Every mechanic, or other person who shall do any labor upon, or furnish 
any materials, machinery or fixtures for any building, erection or other improve- 
ment upon land, including those engaged in the construction or repair of anv 
work of internal improvement, by virtue of any contract with the owner, his 
agent, trustee, contractor, or sub-contractor, shall have a lien, on complying 
with the forms of law, upon the building or other improvement for his labor 
done or materials furnished. 

It would take too large a space to detail the manner in which a sub- 
contractor secures his lien. He should file, within thn-ty days after the last of 
the labor was performed, or the last of the material shall have been furnished, 
with the Clerk of the District Court a true account of the amount due him, after 
allowing all credits, setting forth the time when such material was furnished or 
labor performed, and when completed, and containing a correct description of 



302 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

the property sought to be charged with the lien, and the whole verified by 
affidavit. 

A principal contractor must file such an affidavit within ninety days, as 
above. 

Ordinarily, there are so many points to be examined in order to secure a 
mechanics' lien, that it is much better, unless one is accustomed to managing 
such liens, to consult at once with an attorney. 

Remember that the proper time to file the claim is ninety days for a princi- 
pal contractor, thirty days fi^r a sub-contractor, as above; and that actions to 
enforce these liens must be commenced within two years, and the rest can much 
better be done with an attorney. 

ROADS AND BRIDGES. 

Persons meeting each other on the public highways, shall give one-half of 
the same by turning to the right. All persons failing to observe this rule shall 
be liable to pay all damages resulting therefrom, together with a fine, not exceed- 
ing five dollars. 

The prosecution must be instituted on the complaint of the person wronged. 

Any person guilty of racing horses, or driving upon the public highway, in 
a manner likely to endanger the persons or the lives of others, shall, on convic- 
tion, be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars or imprisoned not exceeding 
thirty days. 

It is a misdemeanor, without authority from the proper Road Supervisor, to 
break upon, plow or dig within the boundary lines of any public highway. 

The money tax levied upon the property in each road district in each town- 
ship (except the general Township Fund, set apart for purchasing tools, machin- 
ery and guide boards), whether collected by the Road Supervisor or County 
Treasurer, shall be expended for highway purposes in that district, and no part 
thereof shall be paid out or expended for the benefit of another district. 

The Road Supervisor of each district, is bound to keep the roads and bridges 
therein, in as good condition as the funds at his disposal will permit ; to put 
guide boards at cross roads and forks of highways in his district; and when noti- 
fied in writing that any portion of the public highway, or any bridge is unsafe, 
must in a reasonable time repair the same, and for this purpose may call out 
any or all the able bodied men in the district, but not more than two days at 
one time, without their consent. 

Also, when notified in writing, of the growth of any Canada thistles upon 
vacant or non-resident lands or lots, within his district, the owner, lessee or 
agent thereof being unknown, shall cause the same to be destroyed. 

Bridges when erected or maintained by the public, are parts of the highway, 
and must not be less than sixteen feet wide. 

A penalty is imposed upon any one who rides or drives faster than a walk 
across any such bridge 

The manner of establishing,"vacating or altering roads, etc., is so well known 
to all township officers, that it is sufficient here to say that the first step is by 
petition, filed in the Auditor's office, addressed in substance as follows : 

The Board of Supervisors of County : The undersigned asks that 

a highway, commencing at and running thence and terminating 

at , be established, vacated or altered (as the case may be.) 

When the petition is filed, ell necessary and succeeding steps will be shown 
and explained to the petitioners by the Auditor, 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 303 



ADOPTION OF CHILDREN. 



Any person competent to make a will can adopt as his own the minor child 
of another. The consent of both parents, if living and not divorced or separ- , 
ated, and if divorced or separated, "or if unmarried, the consent of the parent 
lawfully having the custody of the child ; or if either parent is dead, then the 
consent of the survivor, or if both parents be dead, or the child have been and 
remain abandoned by them, then the consent of the Mayor of the city where 
the child is living, or if not in the city, then of the Clerk of the Circuit Court 
of the county shall be given to such adoption by an instrument in writing, 
signed by party or parties consenting, and stating the names of the parties, if 
known, the name of the child, if known, the name of the person adopting such 
child, and the residence of all, if known, and declaring the name by which the 
child is thereafter to be called and known, and stating, also, that such child is 
given to the person adopting, for the purpose of adoption as his own child. 

The person adopting shall also sign said instrument, and all the parties shall 
acknowledge the same in the manner that deeds conveying lands shall be 
acknowledged. 

The instrument shall be recorded in the ofl&ce of the County Jiecorder. 

•- 
SURVEYORS AND SURVEYS. 

There is in every county elected a Surveyor known as County Surveyor, 
who has power to appoint deputies, for whose official acts he is responsible. It 
is the duty of the County Surveyor, either by himself or his Duputy, to make 
all surveys that he may be called upon to make within his county as soon as 
may be after application is made. The necessary chainmen and other assist- 
ance must be employed by the person requiring the same to be done, and to be 
by him paid, unless otherwise agreed ; but the chainmen must be disinterested 
persons and approved by the Surveyor and sworn by him to measure justly and 
impartially. Previous to any survey, he shall furnish himself with a copy of 
the field notes of the original survey of the same land, if there be any in the 
office of the County Auditor, and his survey shall be made in accordance there- 
with. 

Their fees are three dollars per day. For certified copies of field notes, 
twenty -five cents. 

SUPPORT OF POOR. 

The father, mother and children of any poor person who has applied for aid, 
and who is unable to maintain himself by work, shall, jointly or severally, 
maintain such poor person in such manner as may be approved by the Town- 
ship Trustees. 

In the absence or inability of nearer relatives, the same liability shall extend 
to the grandparents, if of ability without personal labor, and to the male grand- 
children who are of ability, by personal labor or otherwise. 

The Township Trustees may, upon the failure of such relatives to maintain 
a poor person, who has made application for relief, apply to the Circuit Court 
for an order to compel the same. 

Upon ten days' notice, in writing, to the parties sought to be charged, a 
hearing may be had, and an order made for entire or partial support of the poor 
person. 



304 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

Appeal may be taken from such judgment as from other judgments of the 
Circuit Court. 

When any person, having any estate, abandons either children, wife or hus- 
band, leaving them chargeable, or likely to become chargeable, upon the public for 
support, upon proof of above fact, an order may be had from the Clerk of the 
Circuit Court, or Judge, authorizing the Trustees or the Sheriff to take into 
possession such estate. 

The Court may direct such personal estate to be sold, to be applied, as well 
as the rents and profits of the real estate, if any, to the support of children, 
wife or husband. 

If the party against whom the order is issued return and- support the per- 
son abandoned, or give security for the same, the order shall be discharged, and 
the property taken returned. 

The mode of relief for the poor, through the action of the Township 
Trustees, or the action of the Board of Supervisors, is so well known to every 
township officer, and the circumstances attending applications for relief are so 
varied, that it need now onl^^ be said that it is the duty of each county to pro- 
vide for its poor, no matter at what place they may be. 



LANDLORD AND TENANT. 

A tenant giving notice to quit demised premises at a time named, and after- 
ward holding over, and a tenant or his assignee willfully holding over the prem- 
ises after the term, and after notice to quit, shall pay double rent. 

Any person in possession of real property, Avith the assent of the owner, is 
presumed to be a tenant at will until the contrary is shown. 

Thirty days' notice, in writing, is necessary to be given by either party 
before he can terminate a tenancy at will ; but when, in any case, a rent is 
reserved payable at intervals of less than thirty days, the length of notice need 
not be greater than such interval betweeu the days of payment. In case of 
tenants occupying and cultivating farms, the notice must fix the termination of 
the tenancy to take place on the 1st day of March, except in cases of field 
tenants or croppers, whose leases shall be held to expire when the crop is har- 
vested ; provided, that in case of a crop of corn, it shall not be later than the 
1st day of December, unless otherwise agreed upon. But when an express 
agreement is made, whether the same has been reduced to writing or not, 
the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice. 

But where an express agreement is made, whether reduced to writing or 
not, the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice. 

If such tenant cannot be found in the county, the notices above required 
may be given to any sub-tenant or other person in possession of the premises ; 
or, if the premises be vacant, by affixing the notice to the principal door of the 
building or in some conspicuous position on the land, if there be no building. 

The landlord shall have a lien for his rent upon all the crops grown on the 
premises, and upon any other personal property of the tenant used on the 
premises during the term, and not exempt from execution, for the period of one 
year after a year's rent or the rent of a shorter period claimed falls due ; but 
such lien shall not continue more than six months after the expiration of the 
term. 

The lien may be effected by the commencement of an action, within the 
period above prescribed, for the rent alone ; and the landlord is entitled to a writ 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 



305 



of attachment, upon filing an afiidavit that the action is commenced to rcover 
rent accrued within one year previous thereto upon the premises described in the 
affidavit. 

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

Whenever any of the following articles shall be contracted for, or sold or 
delivered, and no special contract or agreement shall be made to the contrary, 
the weight per bushel shall be as follows, to-wit: 



Apples, Peaches or Quinces, 48 

Cherries, Grapes, Currants or Gooseberries, 40 

Strawberries, Raspberries or Blackberries, 82 

Osage Orange Seed 32 

Millet Seed 45 

Stone Coal 80 

Lime 80 

Corn in the ear 70 

Wheat 60 

Potatoes 60 

Beans 60 

Clover Seed 60 

Onions 57 

Shelled Corn 56 



Rye. 



56 



Sand 130' 

Sorghum Seed 30 

Broom Corn Seed 80 

Buckwheat 52 

Salt 50 

Barley 48 

Corn Meal 48 

Castor Beans 46 

Timothy Seed 45 

Hemp Seed 44 

Dried Peaches 33 

Oats 83 

Dried Apples 24 

Bran 20 

Blue Grass Seed 14 

Hungarian Grass Seed 45 



Flax Seed 56 

Sweet Potatoes 46 

Penalty for giving less than the above standard is treble damages and costs 
and five dollars addition thereto as a fine. 



DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL TERMS. 

$ means dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was formerly placed 

before any denomination of money, and meant, as it means now. United States 
Currency. 

£•— — means pounds, English money. 

@ stands for at or to; S) for pounds, and bbl. for barrels ; ^ for per or % 
the. Thus, Butter sells at 20@30c f S), and Flour at $8@$12 f bbl. 

% for per cent, and J for number. 

May 1. Wheat sells at $1.20@$1.25, " seller June." Seller June means 
that the person who sells the wheat has the privilege of delivering it at any 
time during the month of June. 

Selling short, is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or stock, 
at a fixed price, within a certain length of time, when the seller has not the 
stock on hand. It is for the interest of the person selling "short" to depress 
the market as much as possible, in order that he may buy and fill his contract 
at a profit. Hence the "shorts " are termed "bears." 

Buying long, is to contract to purchase a certain amount of grain or shares 
of stock at a fixed price, deliverable within a stipulated time, expecting to make 
a profit by the rise in prices. The " longs " are termed " bulls," as it is for 
their interest to "operate" so as to "toss" the prices upward as much as 
possible. 



306 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

NOTES. 

Form of note is legal, worded in the simplest way, so that the amount and 
%jine of payment are mentioned : 

$100. Chicago, 111., Sept. 15, 1876. 

Sixty days from date I promise to pay to E. F. Brown or order, one hun- 
dred dollars, for value received. L. D. Lowry. 

A note to be payable in anything else than money needs only the facts sub- 
stituted for money in the above form. 

ORDERS. 

Orders should be worded simply, thus : 
Mr. F. H. Coats : Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. 

Please pay to H. Birdsall twenty-five dollars, and charge to 

F. D. SiLVA. 

RECEIPTS. 

Receipts should always state when received and what for, thus : 

$100. Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. 

Received of J. W. Davis, one hundred dollars, for services 
rendered in grading his lot in Fort Madison, on account. 

Thomas Brady. 
If receipt is in full, it should be so stated. 

BILLS OF PURCHASE. 

W. N. Mason, Salem, Illinois, Sept. 18, 1876. 

Bought of A. A. Graham. 

4 Bushels of Seed Wheat, at $1.50 $6 00 

2 Seamless Sacks " 30 60 



Received payment, $6 60 

A. A. Graham. 

CONFESSION OF JUDGMENT. 

$ . , Iowa, ,18—. 

after date — promises to pay to the order of , — '■ — dollars, 

at , for value received, with interest at ten per cent, per annum after 

until paid. Interest payable , and on interest not paid when due, 

interest at same rate and conditions. 

A failure to pay said interest, or any part thereof, within 20 days after due, shall cause the 
whole note to become due and collectable at once. 

If this note is sued, or judgment is confessed hereon, $ shall be allowed as attorney fees. 

No. — . P. 0. , . 



CONFESSION OF JUDGMENT. 
— VS. — . In Court of County, Iowa, , of 



County, Iowa, do hereby confess that justly indebted to , in the 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 307 

sum of — dollars, and the further sum of $ as attorney fees, with 

interest thereon at ten per cent, from , and — hereby confess judgment 

against as defendant in favor of said , for said sum of $ , 

and $ as attorney fees, hereby authorizing the Clerk of the Court of 

said county to enter up judgment for said sum against with costs, and 

interest at 10 per cent, from , the interest to be paid . 

Said debt and judgment being for . 

It is especially agreed, however. That if this judgment is paid within twenty 

days after due, no attorney fees need be paid. And hereby sell, convey 

and release all right of homestead we now occupy in favor of said so 

far as this judgment is concerned, and agree that it shall be liable on execution 
for this judgment. 

Dated , 18—. . 



The State of Iowa, 

County. 

being duly sworn according to law, depose and say that the forego- 
ing statement and Confession of Judgment was read over to , and that — 

understood the contents thereof, and that the statements contained therein are 

true, and that the sums therein mentioned are justly to become due said 

as aforesaid. 



Sworn to and subscribed before me and in my presence by the said 



this day of , 18 — . , Notary Public. 



ARTICLES OF, AGREEMENT. 

An agreement is where one party promises to another to do a certain thing 
in a certain time for a stipulated sum. Good business men always reduce an 
agreement to writing, which nearly always saves misunderstandings and trouble. 
No particular form is necessary, but the facts must be clearly and explicitly 
stated, and there must, to make it valid, be a reasonable consideration. 

GENERAL FORM OF AGREEMENT. 

This Agreement, made the Second day of June, 1878, between John 
Jones, of Keokuk, County of Lee, State of Iowa, of the first part, and Thomas 
Whiteside, of the same place, of the second part — 

WITNESSETH, that the said John Jones, in consideration of the agreement 
of the party of the second part, hereinafter contained, contracts and agrees to 
and with the said Thomas Whiteside, that he will deliver in good and market- 
able condition, at the Village of Melrose, Iowa, during the month of November, 
of this year. One Hundred Tons of Prairie Hay, in the following lots, and at 
the following specified times ; namely, twenty-five tons by the seventh of Nov- 
ember, twenty-five tons additional by the fourteenth of the month, twenty-five 
tons more by the twenty-first, and the entire one hundred tons to be all delivered 
by the thirtieth of November. 

And the said Thomas Whiteside, in consideration of the prompt fulfillment 
of this contract, on the part of the party of the first part, contracts to and agrees 
with the said John Jones, to pay for said hay five dollars per ton, for each ton 
as soon as delivered. 



308 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

In case of failure of agreement by either of the parties hereto, it is hereb}' 
stipulated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the other, One Hun- 
dred dollars, as fixed and settled damages. 

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands the day and year first 
above written. John Jones, 

Thomas Whiteside. 

agreement avith clerk for services. 

This Agreement, made the first day of May, one thousand eight hundred 
and seventy-eight, between Reuben Stone, of Dubuque, County of Dubuque, 
State of Iowa, party of the first part, and George Barclay, of McGregor, 
County of Clayton, State of Iowa, party of the second part — 

WITNESSETH, that Said George Barclay agrees faithfully and diligently to 
work as clerk and salesman for the said Reuben Stone, for and during the space 
of one year from the date hereof, should both live such length of time, without 
absenting himself from his occupation ; during which time he, the said Barclay, in 
the store of said Stone, of Dubuque, will carefully and honestly attend, doing 
and performing all duties as clerk and salesman aforesaid, in accordance and in 
all respects as directed and desired by the said Stone. 

In consideration of which services, so to be rendered by the said Barclay, the 
said Stone agrees to pay to said Barclay the annual sum of one thousand dol- 
lars, payable in twelve equal monthly payments, each upon the last day of each 
month ; provided that all dues for days of absence from business by said Barclay, 
shall be deducted from the sum otherwise by the agreement due and payable by 
the said Stone to the said Barclay. 

Witness our hands. Reuben Stone. 

George Barclay. 

BILLS OF SALE. 

A bill of sale is a written agreement to another party, for a consideration to 
convey his right and interest in the personal property. The purchase^' must 
take, actual possession of the propej'ti/, or the bill of sale must be acknowledged 
and recorded. 

COMMON FORM OF BILL OF SALE. 

Know all Men by this instrument, that I, Louis Clay, of Burlington, 
Iowa, of the first part, for and in consideration of Five Hundred and Ten 
Dollars, to me paid by John Floyd, of the same place, of the second part, the 
receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have sold, and by this instrument do 
convey unto the said Floyd, party of the second part, his executors, administra- 
tors and assigns, my undivided half of ten acres of corn, now growing on the 
arm of Thomas Tyrell, in the town above mentioned ; one pair of horses, 
sixteen sheep, and five cows, belonging to me and in my possession at the farm 
aforesaid ; to have and to hold the same unto the party of the second part, his 
executors and assigns forever. And I do, for myself and legal representatives, 
agree with the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, to 
warrant and defend the sale of the afore-mentioned property and chattels unto 
the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, against all and 
every person whatsoever. 

Li witness whereof, I have hereunto affixed my hand, this tenth day of 
October, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. 

Louis Claw 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 309 

NOTICE TO QUIT. 

To John Wontpay : 

You are hereby notified to quit the possession of the premises you now 
occupy to wit : 

[Insert Description. 1 

on or before thirty days from the date of this notice. 

Dated January 1, 1878. Landlord. 

[^Reverse for Notice to Landlord.'] 

GENERAL FORM OF WILL FOR REAL AND PERSOI^AL 

PROPERTY. 

I, Charles Mansfield, of the Town of Bellevue, County of Jackson, State 
of Iowa, being aware of the uncertainty of life, and in failing health, but of 
sound mind and memory, do make and declare this to be my last will and tes- 
tament, in manner following, to-wit : 

First. I give, devise and bequeath unto my eldest son, Sidney H. Mans- 
field, the sum of Two Thousand Dollars, of bank stock, now in the Third 
National Bank, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and the farm owned by mjself, in the 
Township of Iowa, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres, with all the 
houses, tenements and improvements thereunto belonging ; to have and to hold 
unto my said son, his heirs and assigns, forever. 

Second. I give, devise and bequeath to each of my two daughters, Anna 
Louise Mansfield and Ida Clara Mansfield, each Two Thousand Dollars in bank 
stock in the Third National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio; and also, each one 
quarter section of land, owned by myself, situated in theTownship of Fairfield, 
and recorded in my name in the Recorder's oSice, in the county where such land 
is located. The north one hundred and sixty acres of said half section is 
devised to my eldest daughter, Anna Louise. • 

Third. I give, devise and bequeath to my son, Frank Alfred Mansfield, five 
shares of railroad stock in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and my one hundred 
and sixty acres of land, and saw-mill thereon, situated in Manistee, Michigan, 
with all the improvements and appurtenances thereunto belonging, which said 
real estate is recorded in my name, in the county where situated. 

Fourth. I give to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, all my household 
furniture, goods, chattels and personal' property, about my home, not hitherto 
disposed of, including Eight Thousand Dollars of bank stock in the Third 
National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio, fifteen shares in the Baltimore & Ohio 
Railroad, and the free and unrestricted use, possession and benefit of the home 
farm so long as she may live, in lieu of dower, to which she is entitled by law 
— said farm being my present place of residence. 

Fifth. I bequeath to my invalid father, Elijah H. Mansfield, the income 
from rents of my store building at 145 Jackson street, Chicago, Illinois, during 
the term of his natural life. Said building and land therewith to revert to 
my said sons and daughters in equal proportion, upon the demise of my said 
father. 

Sixth. It is also my will and desire that, at the death of my wife, Victoria 
Elizabeth Mansfield, or at any time when she may arrange to relinquish her 



310 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

life interest in the above mentioned homestead, the same may revert to mj 
above named children, or to the lawful heirs of each. 

A7id lastli/. I nominate and appoint as the executors of this, my last will 
and testament, my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, and my eldest son, Sidney 
H. Mansfield. 

I further direct that my debts and necessary funeral expenses shall be paid 
from moneys now on deposit in the Savings Bank of Bellevue, the residue of 
such moneys to revert to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, for her use for- 
ever. 

In witness whereof, I, Charles Mansfield, to this my last will and testament, 
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this fourth day of April, eighteen hundred 
and seventy-two. 

Charles Mansfield. 
Signed, and declared by Charles Mansfield, as and for his last will and tes- 
ment, in the presence of us, who, at his request, and in his presence, and in. 
the presence of each other, have subscribed our names hereunto as witnesses 
thereof. Peter A. Schenck, Dubuque, Iowa, 

Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa. 

CODICIL. 

Whereas I, Charles Mansfield, did, on the fourth day of April, one thousand 
eight hundred and seventy-two, make my last Avill and testament, I do now, by 
tliis writing, add this codicil to my said will, to be taken as a part thereof. 

Whereas, by the dispensation of Providence, my daughter, Anna Louise, 
has deceased, November fifth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three ; and whereas, 
a son has been born to me, Avhich son is noAv christened Richard Albert Mans- 
field. I give and bequeath unto him my gold Avatch, and all right, interest and 
title in lands and bank stock and chattels bequeathed to my deceased daughter, 
Anna Louise, in the body of this will. 

In witness whereof, I hereunto place my hand and seal, this tenth day of 
March, eighteen hundred and seventy-five. Charles Mansfield. 

Signed, sealed, published and declared to us by the testator, Charles jMans- 
field, as and for a codicil to be annexed to his last will and testament. And 
we, at his request, and in his presence, and in the presence of each other, have 
subscribed our names as Avitnesses thereto, at the date hereof. 

Frank E. Dent, BelleA^ue, Iowa, 
John C. Shay, Bellevue, loAva. 



{Form No. 1.) 

SATISFACTION OF MORTGAGE. 

State of Iow\\, } 

n 4. >ss. 
' County, J 

I, , of the County of , State of Iowa, do hereby acknowledge 

that a certain Indenture of , bearing date the — — day of , A. D. 

18 — , made and executed by and , his wife, to said on 

the following described Real Estate, in the County of , and State of 

loAva. to-Avit : (here insert description) and filed for record in the office of the 

Recorder of the County of , and State of Iowa, on the day of . 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 311 

A. D. 18 — , at o'clock . M. ; and recorded in Book of Mortgage 

Records, on page , is redeemed, paid off, satisfied and discharged in full. 

. [seal,] 

State of Iowa, \ ^ 

County, j 

Be it Remembered, That on this day of , A. D. 18 — , before 

me the undersigned, a in and for said county, personally appeared , 

to me personally known to be the identical person who executed the above 

(satisfaction of mortgage) as grantor, and acknowledged signature 

thereto to be voluntary act and deed. 

Witness my hand and seal, the day and year last above 

written. 



ONE FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That , of County, and 

State of , in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by of 

County, and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto the said 

the following described premises, situated in the County , and State of 

, to wit : (here insert description,) and do hereby covenant with the 

said that lawfully seized of said premises, that they are free from 

incumbrance, that have good right and lawful authority to sell and convey 

the same ; and do hereby covenant to Avarrant and defend the same against 

the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever. To be void upon condition that 

the said ^ shall pay the full amount of principal and interest at the time 

therein specified, of certain promissory note for the sum of dollars. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for | , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for ^ , due , 18—, with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for § , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

And the said Mortgagor agrees to pay all taxes that may be levied upon the 
above described premises. It is also agreed by the Mortgagor that if it becomes 
necessary to foreclose this mortgage, a reasonable amount shall be allowed as an 

attorney's fee for foreclosing. And the said hereby relinquishes all her 

right of dower and homestead in and to the above described premises. 
Signed to day of , A. D. 18 — . 



[Acknowledge as in Form No. 1.] 

SECOND FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. 

This Indenture, made and executed by and between of the 

county of • and State of , part of the first part, and of the 

county of and State of party of the second part, Witnesseth, that the 

said part of the first part, for and in consideration of the sum of dollars, 

paid by the said party of the second part, the receipt of which is hereby 
acknowledged, ha to granted and sold, and do by these presents, grant, bargain, 
sell, convey and confirm, unto the said party of the second part, heirs°and 



312 ' ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

assigns forever, the certain tract or parcel of real estate situated in the county 
of and State of , described as follows, to-wit : 

(^Here insert description.) t 

The said part of the first part represent to and covenant with the part of 
the second part, that he have good right to sell and convey said premises, 
that they are free from encumbrance and that he will warrant and defend 
them against the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever, and do expressly 
hereby release all rights of dower in and to said premises, and relinquish and 
convey all rights of homestead therein. 

This Instrument is made, executed and delivered upon the following con- 
ditions, to-wit : 

First. Said first part agree to pay said or order 

Second. Said first part further agree as is stipulated in said note, that if 
lie shall fail to pay any of said interest when due, it shall bear interest at the 
rate often per cent, per annum, from the time the same becomes due, and this 
mortgage shall stand as security for the same. 

Third. Said first part further agree that he will pay all taxes and 
assessments levied upon said real estate before the same become delinquent, and 
if not paid the holder of this mortgage may declare the whole sum of money 
herein secured due and collectable at once, or he may elect to pay such taxes or 
assessments, and be entitled to interest on the same at the rate of ten per cent, 
per annum, and this mortgage shall stand as security for the amount so paid. 
Fourth. Said first part further agree that if he fail to pay any of said 

money, either principal or interest, within days after the same becomes 

due ; or fail to conform or comply with any of the foregoing conditions or agree- 
ments, the whole sum herein secured shall become due and payable at once, and 
this mortgage may thereupon be foreclosed immediately for the whole of said 
money, interest and costs. 

Fifth. Said part further agree that in the event of the non-payment of either 
principal, interest or taxes wdien due, and upon the filing of a bill of foreclosure 
of this mortgage, an attorney's fee of dollars shall become due and pay- 
able, and shall be by the court taxed, and this mortgage shall stand as security 
therefor, and the same shall be included in the decree of foreclosure and shall 
be made by the Sheriff on general or special execution with the other money, 
interest and costs, and the contract embodied in this mortgage and the note 
described herein, shall in all respects be governed, constructed and adjudged 

by the laws of — , where the same is made. The foregoing conditions 

being performed, this conveyance to be void, otherwise of full force and virtue. 



[Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] 



FORM OF LEASE. 



This Article of Agreement, Made and entered into on this day of 

A. D. 187- by and between , of the county of , and 



State of Iowa, of the first part, and , of the county of 

and State of Iowa, of the second part, witnesseth that the said party of the first 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. ' 313 

part has this day leased unto the party of the second part the following described 
premises, to wit : 

[jffere insert description. '\ 

for the term of from and after the — day of , A. D. 187- a:j^ 

the rent of dollars, to be paid as follows, to wit : 

\_nere insert Terms."] 

And it is further agreed that if any rent shall be due and unpaid, or if 
default be made in any of the covenants herein contained, it shall then be law- 
ful for the said party of the first part to re-enter the said premises, or to destrain 
for such rent; or he may recover possession thereof, by action of forcible entry 
and detainer, notwithstanding the provision of Section 3,612 of the Code of 
1873 ; or he may use any or all of said remedies. 

And the said party of the second part agrees to pay to the party of the first 
part the rent as above stated, except when said premises are untenantable by 
reason of fire, or from any other cause than the carelessness of the party of the 

second part, or persons family, or in employ, or by superior force 

and inevitable necessity. And the said party of the second part covenants 

that will use the said premises as a , and for no other purposes 

whatever ; and that especially will not use said premises, or permit the 

same to be used, for any unlawful iDusiness or purpose whatever ; that will 

not sell, assign, underlet or relinquish said premises without the written consent 

of the lessor, under penalty of a forfeiture of all rights under this lease, at 

the election of the party of the first part ; and that will use all due care 

and diligence in guarding said property, with the buildings, gates, fences, trees, 
vines, shrubbery, etc., from damage by fire, and the depredations of animals ; 

that ■ will keep buildings, gates, fences, etc., in as good repair as they now 

are, or may at any time be placed by the lessor, damages by superior force, 
inevitable necessity, or fire from any other cause than from the carelessness of 

the lessee, or persons of family, or in employ, excepted ; and that 

at the expiration of this lease, or upon a breach by said lessee of any of the said 

covenants herein contained, will, without further notice of any kind, quit 

and surrender the possession and occupancy of said premises in as good condi- 
tion as reasonable use, natural wear and decay thereof will permit, damages by 
fire as aibresaid, superior force, or inevitable necessity, only excepted. 

In witness whereof, the said parties have subscribed their names on the date 
first above written. 

In presence of 



FORM OF NOTE. 

$ . ■ ,18-. 

On or before the — day of , 18 — , for value received, I promise to 

pay or order, dollars, with interest from date until paid, 

at ten per cent, per annum, payable annually, at . Unpaid interest 

shall bear interest at ten per cent, per annum. On failure to pay interest 

within days after due, the whole sum, principal and interest, shall become 

due at once. 



314 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 



CHATTEL MORTGxiOE. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That of County, and 

State of in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by , of 

County and State of do hereby sell and convey unto the said the 

following described personal property, now in the possession of in the 

county and State of , to wit : 

\_Here insert Description. 1 

And do hereby warrant the title of said property, and that it is free from 

any incumbrance or lien. The only right or interest retained by grantor in 
and to said property being the right of redemption as herein provided. This 
conveyance to be void upon condition that the said grantor shall pay to said 
grantee, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time 

therein specified, of certain promissory notes of even date herewith, for 

the sum of dollars, 

One note for ^ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , Avith interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , w^ith interest annually at per cent. 

The grantor to pay all taxes on said propert}^, and if at any time any part 
or portion of said notes should be due and unpaid, said grantee may proceed by 
sale or foreclosure to collect and pay himself the unpaid balance of said notes, 
whether due or not, the grantor to pay all necessary expense of such foreclosure, 

including $ Attorney's fees, and whatever remains after paying off said 

notes and expenses, to be paid over to said grantor. 

Signed the day of , 18 — . . 

[Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] . 



WARRANTY DEED. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That of County and 

State of , in consideration of the sum of Dollars, in hand paid by 

of , County and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto 

the said and to heirs and assigns, the following described premises, 

situated in the County of , State of Iowa, to-wit : 

[Here insert description.'] 

And I do hereby covenant with the said that — lawfully seized in fee 

simple, of said premises, that they are free from incumbrance : that — ha good 
right and lawful authority to sell the same, and — do hereby covenant to war- 
rant and defend the said premises and appurtenances thereto belonging, 'against 
the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever ; and the said hereby re- 
linquishes all her right of dower and of homestead in and to the above described 
premises. 

Signed the day of , A. D. 18 — . 

in presence of 



[Acknowledged as in Form No. 1.] 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 315 



QUIT-CLAIM DEED. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That , of County, 

State of , in consideration of the sum of dollars, to — in hand 

paid by , of County, State of , the receipt whereof — do 

hereby acknowledge,have bargained, sold and quit-claimed, and by these presents 

do bargain, sell and quit-claim unto the said and to — heirs and assigns 

forever, all — right, title, interest, estate, claim and demand, both at law and 
in equity, and as well in possession as in expectancy, of, in and to the following 
described premises, to wit : [here insert description] with all and singular the 
hereditaments and appurtenances thereto belonging. 

Signed this day of , A. D. 18 — . 

Signed in Presence of 



[Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] 



BOND FOR DEED. 

Know all Men by these Presents: That of County, 

and State of am held and firmly bound unto of County, and 

State of , in the sum of Dollars, to be paid to the said , his 

executors or assigns, for which payment well and truly to be made, I bind myself 
firmly by these presents. Signed the day of A. D. 18 — . 

The condition of this obligation is such, that if the said obligee shall pay to 
said obligor, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time 
therein specified, of — certain promissory note of even date herewith, for the 
sum of Dollars, 

One note for $ ^ due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 

One note for f , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 

and pay all taxes accruing upon the lands herein described, then said obligor 
shall convey to the said obligee, or his assigns, that certain tract or parcel of 
real estate, situated in the County of and State of Iowa, described as fol- 
lows, to wit: [here insert description,] by a Warranty Deed, with the usual 
covenants, duly executed and acknowledged. 

If said obligee should fail to make the payments as above stipulated, or any 
part thereof, as the same becomes due, said obligor may at his option, by notice 
to the obligee terminate his liability under the bond and resume the posses- 
sion and absolute control of said premises, time being the essence of this 
agreement. 

On the fulfillment of the above conditions this obligation to become void, 
otherwise to remain in full force and virtue ; unless terminated by Jhe obligor 
as above stipulated. 

[Acknowladge as in form No. 1.] 



316 -* ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 



CHARITABLE, SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS. 

Any three or more persons of full age, citizens of the United States, 
a majority of whom shall be citizens of this State, who desire to associate 
themselves for benevolent, charitable, scientific, religious or missionary pur- 
poses, may make, sign and acknowledge, before any officer authorized to take 
the acknowledgments of deeds in this State, and have recorded in the office of 
the Recorder of the county in which the business of such society is to be con- 
ducted, a certificate in writing, in which shall be stated the name or title by 
which such society shall be known, the particular business and objects of such 
society, the number of Trustees, Directors or Managers to conduct the same, and 
the names of the Trustees, Directors or Managers of such society for the first 
year of its existence. 

Upon filing for record the certificate, as aforesaid, the persons who shall 
have signed and acknowledged such certificate, and their associates and success- 
ors, shall, by virtue hereof, be a body politic and corporate by the name 
stated in such certificate, and by that they and their successors shall and may 
have succession, and shall be persons capable of suing and being sued, and may 
have and use a common seal, which they may alter or change at pleasure ; and 
they and their successors, by their corporate name, shall be capable of taking, 
receiving, purchasing and holding real and personal estate, and of making by- 
laws for the management of its affairs, not inconsistent with law. 

The society so incorporated may, annually or oftener, elect from its members 
its Trustees, Directors or Managers at such time and place, and in such manner 
as may be specified in its by-laws, who shall have the control and management 
of the affaii's and funds of the society, a majority of whom shall be a quorum 
for the transaction of business, and whenever any vacancy shall happen among 
such Trustees, Directors or Managers, by death, resignation or neglect to serve, 
such vacancy shall be filled in such manner as shall be provided by the by-laws 
of such society. When the body corporate consists of the Trustees, Directors or 
Managers of any benevolent, charitable, literary, scientific, religious or mis- 
sionary institution, which is or may be established in the State, and which is or 
may be under the patronage, control, direction or supervision of any synod, con- 
ference, association or other ecclesiastical body in such State, established 
agreeably to the laws thereof, such ecclesiastical body may nominate and 
appoint such Trustees, Directors or Managers, according to usages of the appoint- 
ing body, and may fill any vacancy which may occur among such Trustees, 
Directors or Managers ; and when any such institution may be under the 
patronage, control, direction or supervision of two or more of such synods, con- 
ferences, associations or other ecclesiastical bodies, such bodies may severally 
nominate and appoint such proportion of such Trustees, Directors or Managers 
as shall be agreed upon by those bodies immediately concerned. And any 
vacancy occurring among such appointees last named, shall be filled by the 
synod, conference, association or body having appointed the last incumbent. 

In case any election of Trustees, Directors or Managers shall not be made 
on the day designated by the by-laws, said society for that cause shall not be 
dissolved, but such election may take place on any other day directed by such 
by-laws. 

Any corporation formed under this chapter shall be capable of taking, hold- 
ing or receiving property by virtue of any devise or bequest contained in any 
last will or testament of any person whatsoever ; but no person leaving a wife, 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 317 

<3hild or parent, shall devise or bequeath to such institution or corporation more 
than. one-fourth of his estate after the payment of his debts, and such device or 
bequest shall be valid onlj to the extent of such one-fourth. 

Any corporation in this State of an academical character, the memberships 
of which shall consist of lay members and pastors of churches, delegates to any 
synod, conference or council holding its annual meetings alternately in this and 
one or more adjoining States, may hold its annual meetings for the election of 
officers and the transaction of business in any adjoining State to this, at such 
place therein as the said synod, conference or council shall hold its annual meet- 
ings ; and the elections so held and business so transacted shall be as legal and 
binding as if held and transacted at the place of business of the corporation in 
this State. 

The provisions of this chapter shall not extend or apply to any association 
or individual who shall, in the certificate filed with the Recorder, use or specify 
a name or style the same as that of any previously existing incorporated society 
in the county. 

The Trustees, Directors or stockholders of any existing benevolent, char- 
itable, scientific, missionary or religious corporation, may, by conforming to the 
requirements of Section 1095 of this chapter, re-incorporate themselves or con- 
tinue their existing corporate powers, and all the property and eifects of such 
existing corporation shall vest in and belong to the corporation so re-incorporated 
or continued. 



INTOXICATING LIQUORS. 

No intoxicating liquors (alcohol, spirituous and vinous liquors), except wine 
manufactured from grapes, currants or other fruit grown in the State, shall be 
manufactured or sold, except for mechanical, medicinal, culinary or sacramental 
purposes ; and even such sale is limited as follows : 

Any citizen of the State, except hotel keepers, keepers of saloons, eating 
houses, grocery keepers and confectioners, is permitted to buy and sell, within 
the county of his residence, such liquors for such mechanical, etc., purposes 
only, provided he shall obtain the consent of the Board of Supervisors. In 
order to get that consent, he must get a certificate from a majority of the elec- 
tors of the town or township or ward in which he desires to sell, that he is of 
good moral character, and a proper person -to sell such liquors. 

If the Board of Supervisors grant him permission to sell such liquors, he 
must give bonds, and shall not sell such liquors at a greater profit than thirty- 
three per cent, on the cost of the same. Any person having a permit to sell, 
shall make, on the last Saturday of every month, a return in writing to the 
Auditor of the county, showing the kind and quantity of the liquors purchased 
by him since the date of his last report, the price paid, and the amount of 
freights paid on the same ; also the kind and quantity of liquors sold by him 
since the date of his last report ; to Avhom sold ; for what purpose and at what 
price ; also the kind and quantity of liquors on hand ; which report shall be 
sworn to by the person having the permit, and shall be kept by the Auditor, 
subject at all times to the inspection of the public. 

No person shall sell or give away any intoxicating liquors, including wine or 
beer, to any minor, for any purpose whatever, except upon written order of 
parent, guardian or family physician ; or sell the same to an intoxicated person 
or a person in the habit of becoming intoxicated. 



■U8 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

Any povj^ou who shall mix any iutoxioatinii- liquor Avith any boor, uine or 
eidor, bv hiui sold, and shall sell or keep for sale, as a bovevage, such niixture. 
shall bo punished as for sale of intoxieating liquor. 

But norhing in rhe chapter containing the laws governing the sale or pro- 
hibiting the sale of intoxicating liqnors, shall be construed to forbid tlie sale by 
the importer thertof of foreign intoxicating liqnor, imported under the author- 
ity of the laws of the United States, regarding the importation of such liquors, 
and in accordance with snch laws ; provided that such liquor, at the time of the 
sale by the importer, remains in the original casks or packages in which it was 
by him imported, and in quantities not less than the quantities in which the 
laws of the United States require such liquors to be imported, and is sold by 
him in such original casks or packages, and in said quantities only. 

All payment or compensation for intoxicating liquor sold in violation of the 
laws of this State, Avhether such payments or compensation be in money, goods, 
lands, labor, oranything else whatsoever, shall be held tohavebeen received in viola- 
tion of law and equity and good conscience, and to have been received upon a 
valid promise and agreement of the receiver, in consideration of the receipt 
thereof, to pay on demand, to the pei-son furnishing such considei-ation, the 
amount of the money on the just value of the goods or other things. 

All sales, transfers, conveyances, mortgages, liens, attachments, pledges and 
securities of every kind, which, either in whole or in part, shall have been made 
on account of intoxicating liquors sold contrary to law, shall be utterly null and 
void. 

Negotiable paper in the hands of holders thereof, in good faith, for valuable 
consideration, without notice of any illegality in its inception or transfer, how^- 
ever, shall not be affected by the above provisions. Neither shall the holder of 
land or other property who may have taken the same in good taith. without 
itotice of any defect in the title of the person from whom the same was 
taken, growing out of a violation of the liquor law, be affected by the above 
provision. 

Every wife, child, parent, guardian, employer, or other person, who shall be 
injured in person or property or means of support, by an intoxicated person, or 
in consovj^uence of the intoxication, has a right of action against any person who 
shall, by selling intoxicating liquors, cause the intoxication of such person, for 
all damages actually sustained as well as exemplary damages. 

For any damages recovered, the personal and real property (except home- 
stead, as now provided) of the person against -whom the damages are recovered, 
as well as the premises or property, personal or real, occupied and used by him, 
with consent and kt\owledge of owner, either for manutacturing or selling intox- 
icating liquors contrary to law. shall be liable. 

The only other exemption, besides the homestead, from this sweeping liability. 
is that the defendant may have enough for the support of his family for six 
months, to be determined by the Township Trustee. 

No ale, wine, beer or other malt or vinous liquoi-s shall be sold within two 
miles of the corporate limits of any municipal corporation, except at wholesale, 
for the purpose of shipment to places outside of such corpor-atiou and such two- 
mile limits. The power of the corporation to prohibit or license sale of lio^uors 
not prohibited by law is extended over the two miles. 

No ale, vrine, beer or other malfc or vinous liquors shall be sold on the day 
on which any election is held under the laws of this State, within two miles of 
the place where said election is held ; except only that any person holding a 
permit may sell upon the prescription of a practicing physician. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 319 



SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS BY SUBSCRIP- 
TION. 

The business of publishing books by subscription, having so often been' 
brought into disrepute by agents making representations and declarations not 
authorized by the publisher, in order to prevent that as much as possible, and 
that there may be more general knowledge of the relation such agents bear to 
their principal, and the law governing such cases, the following statement is 
made : 

A subscription is in the nature of a contract of mutual promises, by which 
the subscriber agrees to pay a certain sum for the work described ; the consid- 
eration is concurrent that the publisher shall publish the book named, and 
deliver the same, for which the subscriber is to pay the price named. The 
nature and character of the work is described by the prospectus and sample 
shown. These should be carefully examined before subscribing, as they are 
the basis and consideration of the promise to pay, and not the too often exag- 
gerated statements of the agent, who is merely employed to solicit subscriptions, 
for which he is usually paid a commission for each subscriber, and has no 
authority to change or alter the conditions upon which the subscriptions are 
authorized to be made by the publisher. Should the agent assume to agree to 
make the subscription conditional or modify or change the agreement of the 
publisher, as set out by the prospectus and sample, in order to bind the princi- 
pal, the subscriber should see that such condition or changes are stated over or 
in connection with his signature, so that the publisher may have notice of the 
same. 

All persons making contracts in reference to matters of this kind, or any 
other business, should remember that the law as written is, that they can not be 
altered, varied or rescinded verbally, but if done at all, must be done in writing. 
It is therefore important that all perso7is contemplating subscribing shoV/ld 
distinctly understand that all talk before or after the subscription is made, is not 
admissible as evidence, and is no part of the contract. 

Persons employed to solicit subscriptions are known to the trade as can- 
vassers. They are agents appointed to do a particular business in a prescribed 
mode, and liave no authority to do it any other way to the prejudice of their 
principal, nor can they bind their principal in any other matter. They can not 
collect inoney, or agree that payment may be made in anything else but money. 
They can not extend the time of payment beyond the time of delivery, nor bind 
their principal for the payment of expenses incurred in their business. 

It would save a great deal of trouble, and often serious loss, if persons, 
before signing their names to any subscription book, or any written instrument, 
would examine carefully what it is ; if they can not read themselves call on 
some one disinterested who can. 




STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE OF IOWA (CENSUS OF 1875.) 



COUNTIES. 



Appanoose. — 

Alamakee 

Audubou 

Aiiains 

Adair 

Bueua Vista . . 

Benton 

Boone 

Butler 

Bremer 

Black Hawk... 

Buchanan 

Clay 

Cherokee 

Cass 

Crawford 

Cedar 

Cerro Gordo... 

Clayton 

Clintoa 

CWcka-^aw 

Carroll 

Clarke 

Calhoun 

Ilavis 

Doeatur 

Dubuiiii ' 

Des iloiues.... 

Delaware 

Dickinson 

Dallas 

Emmet 

Floyd 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Fremont 

Grundy 

Green 

Guthrie 

Hardin 

Humboldt 

Howard 

Harrison 

Hancock 

Hamilton 

Henry 

Ida 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Johnson 

Jasper 

Jones 

Jefl'erson 

Keokuk 

Kossuth 

Lee 

Lucas 

Lvou 

Lmn 

Louisa. 

Mitchell 

Mahaska 

Marion 

Mills 

Madison 

Monroe 

>I:irslian 

Mouoii;!.. 

Muscatine 

MontETOuierv... 

O'Brien 

Osceola. 

Polk 

Pochahontas... 
Pottawattomie 

Powesheik 

Page 

Plymouth 

Palo Alto 

Ringgold 

Scott 

Storv 

Shelby 

Sioux 

Sac 

Tavlor 

Taina 

Union 

Van Buren 

"Wayne 

Warren 

"Wiiinesheik... 

AYoodburv 

"Worth,..'. 

AVashingtou .. 

"Webster 

"Winnebaco 

"Wrisrht 

"Wapello 



Xo. of 


Xo. of 


Acres 


Acres 


of Im- 


li uim- 


proved 


proved 


Laud. 


L;»ud. 


161059 


1610SS 


aS4TH7 


i5t>s':i 


21 UO 


2SS19 


65459 


4S7S5 


8SlS-i 


M(!SO 


8311S 


S7034 


29T51S 


539U 


15G9S7 


nsio 


1494;)S 


5S>KW 


145967 


470tU 


2iavi5 


15(iSSl 


190oli 


7141S 


S7059 


S9919 


54t«S 


2S974 


110S64 


45St^ 


5Sa">S 


2SS414 


24SS69 


41417 


509SO 


S0s)S95 


2l2-:!91 


15190S 


'.;9i)S,V) 


57SS7 


96504 


94772 


SSOlKi 


Sft)744 


9Si"'94 


504S7 



No, of 
Acres 
under I 
Culti- ! 
vatioii 
iu lS;4.; 



?pnn! 



; Wheat. "Winter "Wheat. Indian Corn. 



Totnls. 



liilSS 

109SSS 
15;)S6 
54S52 
66-^lS 
27010 

2S94K! 

10M54' 

i24$r 

104.^10 
1S125B 
157240 
S3S75 

4541-:; 

927S5 
152tS 

1664S.- 
4S648 

17S62-: 



i4.!,;i.5, 

4;20:st 

1.5770 

132435 

99S9 

1470i»S 

179,i04 

69359 

115907 

1460S9 

59940 

87359 

12SS31 

29114 

115S2S 

94S4S 

1046-:! 

6S96li 

1S20S0 

r292 

191041 

li)3290 

241021 

27SSS1 

20S;X1T 

1673S9 

205125 

31550 

1SS532 

10Si)52 

15S;2 

281118 

loiav 

126SS4 

2S-231>S 

199669 

141512 

16l9i)S 

102215 

22S735 

52242 

17S945 

1046SS 

831)26 

18190 

2076S9 

2192S 

1246S0 

20S9S9 

1567S2 

5S2SS 

1851 

lS4tXI 

235515 

148649 

53180 

S9S24 

81336 

102861 

2551S-J 

57005 

153674 

147766 

194265 

246140 

44179 

4892" 

225176 

97238 

17589 

a5.516 

15020.!l 



62otV5 

2;>S5ii 

5..65 
255S6 
S21S0 
98156 
43046 

19SSS2 
47926 
49838 
47220 
S9930 
S69116 

171048 

837451 

S41615 
S9iV55 
50249 
94i>4 
89357 

142401 
71257 

179752 
63298 
66979 
98999 
4S793 
7S692I 
59T57 

818841 
63649 
52922 
70176 

1224;W 
83779 
58ai4 

1SS709 
78206 
47552 
56378 
4S.^3 
50607 
S2070 
S1406 
66841 
85572 

419489 
48697 
175471 
51912 
S33'35 
5SS-39 
1912; 
4S374 
S9S36 
S67-894 
47201 
2^515 
90222 
33316 
99,V38 
66;9.S 
1671 
1316 
57097 
459.57 

55;"5"; 

61744 

SOil-35 
33;^7 
63491 



74KH 
39159 
7SS0S 
26618 
IS 1597 
9.V3:5 
146344 
9T61S 
161357 
11961 
1146-35 
8887 
1107(.>S 
133758 
65590 
10ai39 
1S5U« 
53S2S 
76892 
97765 
2701S 
61871 
722S7 
9005 
52050 
1WS31 
6514 
158488 
142401 
1931119 
216949 
14«;S4 
1255,90 
149672 
2SS35 
1SS5S0 
SSS5 
1276 
175655 

94133 

ISlCliS 

153214 

99837 

1S797S) 

91730 

117S0S 

89344 

129699 

86026 

26134 

14Lk)1 

140450 

19319 

906:9 

171588 

115484 

44379 

16679 

50373 

185742 

9il3S7 

4?380 

S3515 

24179 

79442 

211941 

45836 

l]S3i« 

li;689 

15873 

259469 

SS09 

3215 

157884 

71)910 

12421 

2Sai7 

ia5l73 



96lVj 
61880 
6876 
17i)47 
27550 
15514 
99-106 
S-3505 
57907 
48878 
89361 
64-391 
17481 
S169S 
40123 
24rtX) 
4046 
28199 
S6SSS 
6S68S 
4016 
26756 
17196S 
11040 
5878 
8311 
49240 
10615 
60401 
5701 
29-256 
3911 
6-30(.U 
60779 
31096 
133-29 
67884 
19391 
27489 
S8464 
l-3ai6 
361 15 
•2S94S] 
4SS9I 
20676 
150-36 
310? 
48410 
4S515 
45ai6 
79936 
S60S\' 
16-337 
SS-37S 
10798 
10351 
1S954 
81S2 
52178 
19;64i 
65534 
S4S62 
45136; 
24SS5: 
875581 
116SS 
69395 
15-534 
82375 
1381 
14904 
S769 
S76S6 
7434 
S3S69 
57312 
2-3689 
SS62S 
S606 
10926 
47698 
26t>58 
220-29 
22993 
11056 
15446 
97018 
10,586 
74,55 
103T5 
4217o 
11217." 
15343 
23092 
41616 
30554 
8939 
18l«9 
17368 



r3fi2 78,50 8410435 >>354>K>5 3690711 4-3«6973! 69183 I 759^" 



i Xo. of I 
; Bushels' 



??;?f|m;^i;;;is'>^^:^ 

^'""^ HarVtd ' ''^ 



Ac 



Acres. 



! Value of 
I Products 

Bushels' -n^,,' 
Harv'td! I'ollitrs. 



937639 
S9235 
2S1S76 
435014 
162737 

1S4S666 
4-39257 
779167 
644795 

1103034 
8r3or3 
153159 
40150T 
676-309 
S24S94 
640544 
4154l« 

13051-35 

1010345 
(>4S519 
S40161 
217090 
109631 
S099S 
77169 
634135 
113396 
71":-38 

445848 
1510 
941439 
8li3670 
455909 
•20liiKil 
976607 
257160 
S93574 
49735lH 
209O3 
53-33',i? 
i4?:oi| 

7i\\ (.' 

-3!iH^';3i 

180'3-30 

48815 

670-347 

55^X10 

666779 

1107170 

4t«47S 

164SK14 

S6S,5-3S 

1S1S9 

72634 

153587 

76743 

65l\597 

189939 

1033811 

89,5582 

5-3i)66S 

84:3961 

6'3SS14 

101418 

11-3538-'. 

183811 

416471 

551589 

157.536 

747.57 

563389 

S0774 

588971 

76-38-36 

S55792 

44-3736 

•23-308 

7SS51 

762315 

830397 

S17iU4 

251286 

110094 

206318 

148780 

141188 

5SS0S 

76346 

65467 

1S1S46_ 

410437 
46937S1 
S9ia51 
163281 
196166 
157535 



11U9 
181 
10 



26 



1347 
ri 
s 

3 

10 

5379 

SIT 

84 

8638 



46 I 
"841 ■ 



36 
491 
100 



SI 
619-2 
14S 
140 
154CO 
81 

""n 

ISSS 

""205' 
189 
8-2 
25 
26S 
21 



63 

■i2-3<V 

10 
S25 
125 

40 



10928 
143 



1439 
5 
11 



10338 

1964 

97 

174 

S500 

"""2S6' 
84 

700 



295 



21(130 

4-3S 

63 

20 

55 

150 

56405 

l:3-:S9 

1730 

117310 

50 

""ise" 



968 

'ieias 



44 
S60 



1080 
7942 
1274 



409 
66739 
1363 



20040? 

?39 

54 

160 

16-367 

'""2697" 
221-i 
543 
484 
5584 
200 



894 

"'475 

'26-333" 
160 

■"iie-V 

613 
20 



10 

S068 

""m 

121854 
1-336 
910 



14193 
■■■276" 



64371 
243-35 

9-3-35 
25174 
30360 

7?S3 
83-344 
46151 
38635 
28754 
56592 
48331 

8797 

9459 
40582 
I7i157 
7S-324 

9512 
S794S 
89297 
163-31 
16014 
SSK166 
10656 
621-37 
50434 
6711S 
102924 
56150 

S18S 
57{>53 

2197 
26462 
37091 
24066 
78845 
40175 
7?3037 
38902 
413i,U 

9998 

9916 
44730 

•3067 
20441 
6-3673 

2301 
€-3518 
53;HV2 
7714-3 
1003 IT 
654-33 
55061 
75697 

9781 
593r>3 
47032 

2lU5 
91773 
49643 
11274 
83775 
84630 
5954S 
69494 
45575 
67699 

54760 
89-351 
6379 
2510 
77497 
8931 
473,53 
86743 
71836 
1«19T 
6641 
S06IS 
59071 
51273 
17674 
6780 
S(i63 
48260 
7S-351 
240t« 
50311 
656-35 
80330 
•37135 
14617 

A5;^ 
7S365 
28;iS 

1874 
10(V-;9 
57085 



•28S5243I 
905920 
3iV1655 
969777' 
14034-33 
■323331 
83-33931 
1595:52 
13703;3 
1036641 
19S9390 
131 1-3,50 

i3or:o 

S15215 
190I0li2 

648658 
2845921 

-21k544S 
1471-3l!S 
S061333 

514-379 

550041 
1530-360 

3511-30 
2115569 
17i«140 
1702391 
2S1I7933 
1690,iS5 
44455 
•2484898 
14273 

64-3443 
1-396480 

7,53933 
170S;1S5 
148-3,53-3 

783037 
1669134 
1879961 

'297331 

a>7;n3 

16-30192 
57899 

670731 
2415670 

108465 
2713830 
16r>551S 
31,53178 
■ 45-35339 
1909; 
16i15510 
SS-3733-3 

119777 
2l>X13lXi 
liK>-35a"l 
lOS^X- 
S4S993S 
2134653 

411W1 
8763-309 
S335063 
15S39r6 
29531^ 
1733910 
2803-35t; 

818338 
1715973 
1441461 

10605- 

17379 

8273010 

2-3':t-363 
1750038 
S>71105 
2-3SIK14S 

1757 ns 

14-395 



1145937; 
2-3-3(5346 
1783477 

689556 
S-30SS 

279716 
141963(11 
2842359 
uaWoO 
13-336-321 
2405137 
S561S65 

977316 

4iX1S7l 

r3-3-3;)i 

•283-3211 
917911 
524-35 
•281821 

214S791 



1S756 

r3776 

783 

S951 

4455 

2791 

15490 

IWOl 

13337 

14-359 

16304 

17431 

4436 

8545 

9079 

•2902 

20243 

7199 

201-34 

•23704 

11744 

8-338 

12337 

2993 

13643 

10555 

•25115 

9-342 

20577 

•2403 

9937 

1549 

15461 

•30770 

953-3 

5419 

11786 

4337 

4145 

10!\5-3 

8974 

10-310 

8462 

1353 

5108 

1S8S13 

4,55 

11756 

236,52 

17760 

1,5-367 

13-360 

14005 

15532 

5143 

11817 

l-36t>5 

8477 

22670 

6792 

14078 

16646 

109S7 

6528 

6743 

11512 

1S611 

2304 

18-387 

53-2-3 

SlOT 

ISiW 

12188 

■2541 

527S 

11416 

975S 

4161 

2979 

9118 

15915 

11373 

2iJ54 

4591 

SO^ 

8713 

13574 

61-37 

1-3596 

13342 

8391 

24SI17 

8073 

4445 

15701 

7491 

13-37 

4134 

11570 



4700176 ilS6284542i 982994 



$1611937 

1415769- 

184153 

695318 

828171 

'307823 

2664995 

1018453 

1-209735 

11446-3a 

18984^24 

2615949 

r2SS4S 

35019 

128489* 

483357 

•2606149 

591617 

20SI79& 

S049019 

894656 

451365 

7054987 

221613 

1608090 

1024541 

16S61S2 

1773992 

169SS14 

45SS4 

150-2047 

15244 

1867877 

1503127 

777106 

1046066 

1593977 

6-30iKS 

79-3461 

10666'27 

•2lXXK)l 

734409 

7S66rT 

S9405 

5-2762 

17656'7(> 

7482-311 

2005049 

17,50091 

2447875 

29168SS 

lMHi416 

l,5Svn40 

1919738 

KlSSOli 

1631518 

10Stl5.54 

3-3651 

2,5901X52 

1665 739 

1,5913T8 

21957,'^5 

2131346 

iaiSo09 

1709030 

9S8S62 

2S(»37S 

447665 

1747906 

1072127 

191,542 

69,581 

2141X1-38 

11-2666 

125'2629- 

2398022 

1^39346S 

4S4r33 

iXi616 

]ll,573-> 

S04187S 

1038743 

57S(r36 

166980 

•233330 

903476 

•33UMa5 

6242a> 

14a'536 

1361376 

2-303:>93 

~2;)S-3b9 

S;Hv5(.16 
'303.5364 
733342 
140319 
238635 
14,55;ni* 



•29144S52;$13153'.:747 



387346 
4428-39 

S3-3SS 
141-3i13 
159739 

67069 
445070 
4046-30 
4-31719 
513571 
538196 
556209 

98766 
115595 
176281 

99158 
675837 
2:38097 
66il895 
70-3059 
446300 
107577 
S6764S 

7318-3 
S45707 
844,551 
6433-32 
287393 
63-3118 

37-382 
SS5r34 
3^341 
487729 
704407 
8^28679 
179645 
401948 

r3txus 

1,53505 
S.569I5 

1X1944 
S403l>8 

69140 

48816 
168262 
S5S231 

14060 
S19071 
521156 
5^3-n97 
5S^32Sil 
4648^34 
446r3S 
447608 

•27857 
•2790ti9 
842164 

13 ;89 
5S5648 
175 
54266^3 
496-343 
335746 
'23-3689 
-235103 
•241031 
4(V?345 

6t>475 
405562 
•301635 

53931 

268-39 
4S1S41 

40494 
163081 
833565 
346507 
1-304S' 

46359 
•255007 
533868 
843265 

71676 

450;x; 

6599 
•36iXv57 
334469 
18774S 
353698 
367S9f 
'381510 
S'3Uv50S 

9164. 
161557 
4533-30 
2074'1S 

45109 
135176 
29359d 





■r.^*i)rKB.mdlic 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



" West^A/■a^d the Star of Empire takes its Way " 



DISCOVERY^ OF IOWA. 



In 1673, James Marquette and Louis Joliette were authorized by the French 
Government of Canada " to start from the Straits of Mackinac and find out 
and explore the great river lying west of them," of which they had heard mar- 
velous accounts from the Indians about Lake Michigan. 

Marquette and Joliette, accompanied by five boatmen, left the southern ex- 
tremity of Green Bay and ascended Fox River in small canoes to the headwa- 
ters of that stream, and thence carried their canoes and provisions across to 
Wisconsin River. Again launching their canoes, they floated down that stream 
and entered the Mississippi on the 17th day of June, 1673. •' When we 
entered the majestic stream," wrote Marquette, " we realized a joy we could 
not express." Quietly and easily they were swept down to the solitudes below, 
filled, no doubt, with wonder and admiration as they beheld the bold blufls and 
beautiful meadows along the western bank of the Father of Waters, then 
revealed for the first time to the eyes of white men. This was the discovery of 
Iowa — the "Beautiful Land." 

At this time, and until 1788, this newly discovered territory was inhabited 
only by tribes of Indians, of whom there is but a vague and unsatisfactory his- 
tory. Marquette and Joliette left but a very brief statement concerning them, 
and that statement is summed up in a very brief paragraph. On the 21st day 
of June, 1673, the fourth day of their journey down the Mississippi, they 
landed on the west bank and " discovered footprints of some fellow mortals and 
a little path leading into a pleasant meadow." They followed the trail a short 
distance, when they heard the Indians talking, and, making their presence 
known by a loud cry, they were conducted to an Indian village, th^ location of 
which is believed by intelligent authorities to have been on the Des Moines 
River, at or near the lower "Yellow Banks," about six miles southwest of the 
mouth of Lemoliese Creek and five and one-half miles west from the mouth of 
Bloody Run, emptying into the Mississippi River within the corporate limits of 
the present city of Keokuk. 

Old and experienced river men — men who know every foot of the Missis- 
sippi river from New Orleans to St. Paul — every branch, creek and rivulet that 
comes into the Father of Waters from either side — say there is no other place 
between the mouths of the Des Moines and Wisconsin Rivers that answers every 
way so nearly the brief description given by Marquette and Joliette of their 
landing-place on that occasion, as the mouth of one of these creeks. They reason, 
too, that the fourth day from the mouth of the Wisconsin River would just 
about bring the voyageurs to this point. 



324 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Indian tradition says that locality was always a favorite haunt of the red men, 
owing to its pleasant situation and its near proximity to the ancient villages on 
the Des Moines River. From the mouth of Lemoliese Creek or Bloody Run 
to the Des Moines River and the supposed location of the Indian villages here 
mentioned, the distance is about six miles. Marquette and Joliette reported 
that they traveled " two or more leagues (six or more miles) till they came to a 
beautiful stream with an Indian village, one upon the right, and one upon the 
left bank," etc. There is no other stream, no other section of country border- 
ing on the Mississippi where a "beautiful stream " can be reached in " two or 
more leagues' " travel westward. All the facts and bearings considered, there 
is no reason to doubt that the mouth of Lemoliese Creek or Bloody Run was 
the landing-place referred to by these Canadian French explorers. They left 
no account of making a landing at any other point on the west bank of the 
Mississippi. 

Some, who have given much thought and investigation to the subject, 
insist that the landing must have been made at the mouth of Bloody Run. The 
first settlers of the country, says Valincourt Vanausdol, who came in 1828, 
found an Indian trail leading from the mouth of this creek through the lower 
Sand Prairie, or, as sometimes called, " Turner's Prairie," and to the Des Moines 
River at " Yellow Banks." There are a number of ancient mounds in that im- 
mediate vicinity, which is favorable for the location of Indian villages, such as 
is mentioned by Marquette. He left a rude map of the country, the rivers, 
etc., but in the two hundred years that have passed since June 21, 1673, the 
courses of the rivers have changed in many places, so that that map is but a 
poor help now in locating the villages. However much opinions may differ as 
to the landing-place as between the mouth of Lemoliese Creek and Bloody Run, 
they locate the Indian villages at very nearly the same place. 

Wherever the location of the villages may have been, Marquette erected a 
cross, and, no doubt, proclaimed the faith of the Catholic Church to the Indians, 
which, if true, entitles him to the honor of preaching the first Christian sermon 
west of the Mississippi River. 

Another link in support of the claim here advanced is in the fact that when 
the first settlers came to Northwestern Missouri and Southeastern Iowa, they found 
a clearly defined Indian trail starting from the mouth of Lemoliese Creek and 
leading westward to the Des Moines River, where the bluff-range debouches 
from the east side of the river. There the trail crossed the Des Moines and 
thence onward, over hill and dale, led to the Missouri River at the present site 
of Kansas City. In many places the trail was worn several inches into the ground, 
resembling a small, narrow ditch. The course of the trail was so laid as to 
avoid sloughs and lands that were subject to overflow. Where this trail crossed 
the Des Moines was favorable to the location of the villages visited by Marquette 
and Joliette, and was an important landmark in the course of Indian travel. 

The inhabitants of the Indian villages mentioned are believed to have been 
of the Illini^, who are supposed to have at one time occupied a large portion of 
the country bordering on the Mississippi. 

For a period of one hundred years following this discovery, or until 176o. 
France claimed jurisdiction over the country thus discovered by Marquette and 
Joliette, when that Government ceded it to Spain, but, in 1801, the Spanish Gov- 
ernment ceded back to France all interest in the Mississippi Valley, and, under 
treaty dated April 30, 1803, the First Consul of the French Republic ceded 
these possessions to the United States. 

*Tribc of men. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 325 

"FOOT-PRINTS ON THE SANDS OF TIxME." 

DUBUQUE AND TESSON.* 

The first white man to claim a permanent abiding-place in any part of the 
country of the lowas was Julien Dubuque, an adventurous Canadian Frenchman, 
who found his way to the galena section of Iowa and commenced working the 
mines at the mouth of Catfish Creek, near the city that perpetuates his name 
in 1788. 

While all that region west of the Mississippi River, and known in the 
history of the American Republic as the Louisiana Purchase, was under the 
dominion of Spain, Dubuque obtained from Blondeauf and two chiefs of the 
Fox tribe of Indians what he claimed was a grant of lands. His claim was 
described as " seven leagues (21 miles) on the west bank of the Mississippi, 
from the mouth of the Little Maquoketa River to the Tete Des Mortes, and three 
leagues (9 miles) in depth. This grant from the Indian chiefs and Blondeau 
was subsequently qualifiedly confirmed by Carondelet, the Spanish Governor of 
New Orleans. Dubuque intermarried with the Indians among whom he had 
cast his fortunes, and continued to operate his mines (employing about ten 
white men), until the time of his death, in 1810. In 1854, a case "having been 
made, the United States Supreme Court decided that his grant from the Indian 
chief Blondeau, qualifiedly confirmed by the Spanish Governor, Carondelet, 
was nothing more than a " temporary license to dig ore, and constituted no 
valid claim to the soil." [16 Howard Rep., 224.] 

The next white man to settle in any part of Iowa was Louis Honore Tesson 
who also obtained a grant of land from the Spanish Government. The circum- 
stances and conditions under which Tesson came to what is now Iowa are gath- 
ered from Mr. D. C. Riddick, who, under right of purchase by his father, 
became one of the heirs to a part of the lands included in the grant made to 
Tesson by the Government of Spain. 

" The mile square on which Montrose is situated was originally a Spanish 
claim located by Louis Honore Tesson, a French Canadian, in 1796. The 
grant was issued by Zenon Trudau, Lieutenant Governor General of Upper 
Louisiana, acting under authority and by direction of the Governor General at 
New Orleans, Baron de Carondelet. Trudau's oifice was located at St. Louis, 
and the grant was dated at that place. The right to make the settlement was 
conditioned that Tesson should exert his influence to bring the Indians under 
subjection to the dominion of Spain, and the religion of the Roman Catholic 
Church. The permit required him \ Tesson) to plant trees, sow seeds, and 
instruct the Indians in agriculture, but more particularly, to persuade them to 
embrace the Catholic faith. Tesson (or Honore) proceeded to take possession 
of the claim. He planted trees on the lower part of the presenj; town plat, at 
the head of the Dcs Moines Rapids," etc. 

He lived there with his family several years, surrounded his establishment 
with picket and rail fences, erected buildings and a trading-house, planted 
gardens, and an orchard of a hundred trees. Falling in debt at St. Louis, the 
whole property was seized (March 27, 1803) under the Spanish law, and sold 
at public sale at the door of the parish church in St. Louis, at the conclusion of 
high mass, the people coming out in great numbers, after due notice given in a 
high and intelligible voice by the public crier of the town, on three successive 

* Sometimes quoted as Louis Honore Tesson, and sometimes as Louis Tesson Honore. 

t Maurice Blondeau was a noted and intelligent French Canadian. His cabin is elsewhere mentioned as one of 
the firet to he huilt within the territory of Lee County. 



326 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Sundays (Mav 1. 8 and 15, 1803), On the first Sunday, the only bid for the 
property was ^25. On the second Sunday, ^30 -vvere bid. On the third Sun- 
day, at the third and hist adjudication, ^100 were bid, and subsequently ^150, 
by Joseph Robidoux. Tesson's creditor, "which was repeated until 12 o'clock 
at noon : and the public retiring, the said Robidoux demanded a deed of his 
bid. It was cried at 1 o'clock, at 2 o'clock and at 3 o'clock, and, no other 
persons presenting themselyes, the said land and appurtenances were adjudged 
to him for the aforementioned price of ^loO, which sum having to receive 
himself, he gave no security." 

Robidoux died a few veal's after this transfer, and left Pierre Choteau execu- 
tor of his last will and testament, with instructions- to sell both his real and 
personal property and divide the proceeds equally among his children. This 
sale was made at the door of the Court House in the city of St. Louis, some- 
time during the year lb09, and the claim at the head of the rapids Avas sold to 
Thomas F.^Riddick, for ^64. 

•' Under the various treaties between France and Spain, under and by virtue 
of which the Louisiana Territory was transferred to the United States in 
1803. the latter Government obligated itself to respect the original grant. The 
validity of the grant- subsequently became a matter of Congressional consider- 
ation, and a commission, consisting of three members, was appointed to inves- 
tigate the subject and determine the character and legality of the claim. The 
commission reported favorably, but because the Indian title had not been extin- 
guished, Frederick Bates, Recorder of Land Titles at Little Rock, Ark., 
declined to issue a settlement right to more that 640 acres of the original Tesson 
grant of one league square. This right was issued sometime in 1816. The action 
of Mr. Bates was subsequently confirmed by the L'nited States authorities." 

The apple-trees in the "• old orchard," on the Tesson claim at Montrose, 
about which there has been some controversy, were set out about 1797, and 
were carried from St. Charles, Mo., on the back of a niule. When the first 
white settlers came to Hancock Co., 111., in the vicinity of the present site of 
Xauvoo, they frequently crossed the river to gather half-ripened apples from 
these trees. Capt. James W. Campbell, said in an address before the Old Set- 
tlers of Lee County, on the 16th of September, 1875. that the first apples he 
remembered to have tasted, grew on these trees. When his father. Isaac R. 
Campbell, removed from the present site of Xauvoo, and settled at Ah-we-pe- 
tuck. in 1830, this orchard was one of the landmarks of the country, as it had 
been for many years previous. The trunk of one of the trees of this historic 
orchard is still standing, but has passed its day of fruitage and gone into decay. 



THE ABORIGINAL OCCUPANTS. 

SACS A^S'D FOXKS. 

From the time Marquette and Joliette landed at the mouth of Sandusky 
Creek, on the 21st day of June, 1763. until after the close of the Black Hawk 
war, in 1832, the territory included in the present great State of Iowa, an 
empire in extent, was a vast, uncivilized Avild, inhabited by untutored red men, 
and animals native to the climate, herbage and grasses. Of all this region, 
now so full of life, of princely farms and farmhouses, of towns, cities, schools, 
colleges aiui churches, railroads and telegraphs, and all the other adjuncts of 
modern civilization, but little was known. It was an unexplored territory, to 
the interior of which no white man had ever penetrated. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 327 

It may be said that until the 1st of June, 1838, the country was in the 
undisputed possession of the Indians. Different tribes occupied different parts 
of the territory. They toiled not, neither did they spin ; they subsisted on 
the fruits of tlie chase, and dwelt in rude tents or wigwams, or camped in th§ 
open air. To them, the arts of civilized industry were unknown. They occu- 
pied the land, but improved it not. The command of the Great Creator that, 
by the sweat of his brow, man should earn his daily bread, was lost upon them. 
Of Hocks and herds they had none, while the earth was regarded by them as^nly 
a hunting-ground that had been provided by the Great Spirit for their special 
benefit and occupancy. The history of such a people is one full of interest. 

The following sketch of the Sac and Fox Indians is contributed by Col. 
J. B. Patterson, editor of the Oquawka (111.) Spectator. Col. Patterson was 
among the early settlers here, and was intimately acquainted with Black Hawk. 
After the Black Hawk war, he published a sketch of the life of that noted 
chieftain, including a history of the Black Hawk war. In collecting the mate- 
rial for that volume, Col. Patterson necessarily became familiar with the tra- 
ditions of the Sac and Fox people, and hence this sketch is entitled to be 
regarded as reliabl}'' authentic. 

Black Hawk, whose Indian name was Muck-a-tan-wisli-e-ke-ack-lce-ak (meaning a black 
hawk), was born at. the Sac village"" on Hock River, in Illinois, in the year 1767. His father's 
name was Py-e-sa. His great-grandfafher, Na-na-ma-kee (Thunder), was born near Montreal, 
Canada, and was placed at the head of the Sac nation by a Frenchman, who claimed to be the 
son of the King of France. He gave them many presents, such as guns, powder, lead, spears 
and lances, and showed them how to use them in peace and in war ; also, cooking utensils, and 
many other presents of difl'eront kinds. He afterward sailed for France, promising to return at 
the close of the twelfth moon. They continued to trade with the French for a long time, and 
until the latter were overpowered by the British. After that event, several tribes united and 
drove the Sacs from Montreal to Mackinac, and thence to Green Bay, where they formed an alli- 
ance with the Fox nation, and then retreated to the Wisconsin, and finally to Itock River, from 
which they drove the Kaskaskias, and commenced the erection of their village. 

Py-e-sa succeeded Na-na-ma-kee as war chief, and was killed in an engagement with the 
Cherokees, who largely outnumbered the Sacs and Foxes. On seeing him fall, Black Hawk 
assumed command, and fought despei-ately until the enemy retreated. In this battle, he killed 
three men and wounded several with his own hand, the enemy's loss being twenty-eight and 
Black Hawk's only seven. After this engagement, he fell heir to the great medicine bag of the 
tribe, and, after a season of five years' mourning with blackened faces, they determined on 
avenging the death of Py-e-sa, by the annihilation, if possible, of the whole Cherokee tribe, and 
took out a strong army for that purpose. Black Hawk succeeded in killing many of them, and 
in finally driving them to their own country. 

His next movement was against the Chippewas, Kaskaskias and Osages, with whom he had 
seven regular engngements, with a loss of two or three hundred. The enemy retired, and Black 
Hawk and his band returned to their villages. 

Spain was then in possession of St. Louis, and all the country south and west. The Indians 
congregated at St. I;0uis every spring, for many years, to do their trading. After the Louisiana 
purchase, the Spanish withdrew from St. Louis, and the Americans took possession. Soon after- 
ward. Lieutenant (subsequently General) Zebulon M. Pike, with nn escort of soldiers, went up 
the Mississippi River, calling on the chiefs of the various tribes that dwelt along the banks of 
the Father of Waters, and making them many presents in the name of their Great Father, the 
President of the United States, who, he told them, would always treat them well if they would 
listen to his advice. A few moons later, a Sac Indian killed an American, for which offense he 
was arrested and confined in the prison at St. Louis. As soon as intelligence of the murder, arrest 
and imprisonment reached Black Hawk, he called a counsel of the head men of his trilic at the 
Sac village to talk the matter over and consider what was best to he done. They resolved to 
send four of their braves to St. Louis to compromise with the authorities by pai/iny the relatives 
for the man killed — the only way with them for saving one person who had killed another. 
Quash-qua-me and three other men of the tribe were chosen to go on this mission, the result of 
which was thus related by Black Hawk : 

"Quash-qua-me and his part}' remained a long time absent. They finally returned dressed 
in fine coats and wearing medals, and encamped near the village. Early next morning, the coun- 
cil was convened, and Quash-qua-me and parly came in and reported the result of their mission. 

* The site of this village wiis iit the present villiige of Ciundeii, iit tlie Koek River ciossiiig of the Peoria & Bock 
Island Kailroad. 



UlSroUY OK l.KI^ COUNTY. 

(>u ihovr arrival at 8i. l.ouis, thoy ropovtovl to the Aworioati ohiof. and tirgod tho roU>a!!o of their 
. ioMii. Tho Anvovvoan ohiof said his Uovoruiuont wantod iitvn'o laud, attd if tl»o Sacs and Foxes 
^\ould givo Iviin some in Illinois, opposite .lottoi-son ,^bai'raoks\ thoy would roloaso tho imprisoned 
^ac. Qnshqua-uio .and his party assoutod to this, and sijjuod a paper hy making their marks. 
When they were wady to leave, their friend w.as ivleased. but as he was let out of the prison, he 
was .<6<>.' <iV )./.'■ This was the treaty of ISlU, in whioh all their oounlry in Illinois was ooded to 
the Tniied States for one thousand dol'ai-s a year, and was the oauso of the lUaok Hawk war. a-s 
the ohiofs olaiuted that no one but themselves and head mei\ had authority to make a treaty." 

Tudor this troaty. ir was agvood that tho Indians should rotain possession of 
lio country till it was wantod for white oocupanoy. 

Ulaok llawk and his pooplo roniainod in poaooable possession of tho oountrv 
along Rook Kivor ui\til 1880, when they Avere notified that they must move 
■u'ri>ss the Mississippi River, riiey eomplied with the "notice to quit." and 
rossed over the Father of Watei^s and took up their abode on the eastern slope 
of Iowa, in what eame to bo known ii\ after years as the Rlaok Kawk Purohase, 
.n< Forty-Mile Strip. 

Rankling under what Hlaok Hawk believed to bo a wrongful dispossession 
.^f thoir homes along Rook River, and hunger and want eoniing to his people 
in their neAv homes, they ivei'ossed the Mississippi River in the spring of ISJil, 
and took possession of the site of their old village and oorn-ilelds. This move- 
ment of Rlaok Hawk and his people excited alarm among the white people who 
had settled in that part of lllii\ois. and complaint was made to tho United 
States authorities against their presence. The complaints represented that the 
Indians were insolent, and that they had committeii many acts of violence, 
which, if true, were in all likelihood, provoked. Whatever the truth or falsity 
^f the charges of insolence, violence, etc., against the Indians, Gen. Gaines 
was sent to Fort .Vrmstrong at Rock Island, in the fall of 18-:U, to remove 
them west of the Mississippi River. While the troops under command of Gen. 
liainos wore at the fort. jNathaniol Smith, who was an interpreter and spy for 
Gen. Gaines, was sent to see and talk with Black llawk at the Indian viUage. 
and to pei-suade him to go and see Gen. Gaines, which he did. This interview 
was short and conclusive, (len. Gaines told him that he was not a peace officer, 
and had his orders from the Government to drive them across the river. He 
had no discretion, but that he did not want any trouble, and that he had under- 
stood he had agreed to leave peaceably. If he did not leave in fen days, he 
Avonld tire on his village. Rlack Hawk agreed to leave and never recross the 
river. ai\d made a treaty to that etVect. At the expiration of the time ttxed for 
l^lack Hawk to leave. Gen. Gaim^ niavshaled his forces and with his artillery 
took up his lino of maivh for tho Indiait village, but found it deserted. The 
Indians had recrossoil the river. 



OOXDiriON OK TUK COFNTRY SIXTY YEARS .VGO. 

ISAAO R. CAMrUKV.l/s LKTTKR TO TllK IOWA UlSTORlOAl. SOOIETY. 

Fiom Tesson's time and trading-place in 175H> to 18:^0 — nearly a quarter 

f a centui'v — the history of the country and its white occupants, if there were 

ny, IS lost bevond recovery. In June, 18*21. Isaac R. Campbell, now of St. 

Krancisville, ^lo.. eighty-one years of age. visittnl the country, and as he ha« 

over since been a resident of either V.ee or one of tho avljoining counties in 

'llinois or Missouri, is regtirded as the best authority on matters pertaining to 

10 condition of the country at that time, now living. During the year 18()1), 

Ion. Edward .lohnstone. of Keokuk, commenced to collect and arrjinge in 



HISTORY OF \jK\<] COUNTY. 329 

proper form, information which might preserve a portion, at least, of the early 
history of Lee County. For this purpose ho addressed letters, propounding 
qu(5Stiona and making suggestions on tlic subject, to a number of the surviving 
piojieers. Among others so ad(h'essed was Mr. Campbell, Avho, in response to 
Mr. Johnstone's letter, submitted his " JiccoUections of the Early Settlement," 
in a very able and comprehensive article, which was published in the July 
number (1867) of the Amials of Iowa, nearly all of which is transferred to 
these pages. Under date of St. Francisville, Clark Co., Mo., January 4, 
1867, Mr. Campbell says: 

'*■ * I lirat viHitcd this locality in .liiiie, JH'Jl, it bciiij;- flicn n, wiMcriiOHS :in(l inhabited i)y 
the Sue and Fox tribes of Indians. 

The ttrst marks 1 observcil indicating the proximity of the white man, was at Puck-e-she- 
tuck, or "Foot ol" liapids," now Keokuk. A log cabin had been erected here one year before 
this, under the supervision of Dr. Samuel 0. Muvr, a Surgeon in the U. S. Army, locate<l at Fort 
Edwards, now Warsaw, ill. 

The next settlement, and, probably the lirst made by a white man in this country, was six 
miles abov(! at Lnnolienc, now Sandusky, a l<'rench trader occupyinj;' tliis post, l)cing engaged in 
trallic with tlui natives, flis nearest neighbor, Rlomloau, resided about one mile above. 
Monsieur liCnu)liese luid a very amiable lady for a wife, who was fond of dress. She fre- 
quently, to i)lease him, arrayed her person in gown, bonnet and shoes, but could not be pre- 
vailed upon to continue the costume, as her native garb — the blanket and petticoat — were more 
congenial to her taste. 

At the head of the Rapids (Montrose), was an Indian village: chief's name, Wapello, in 
English " Cut Nose." Below the creek running into the river, on the lower side of tlie Indian 
town, were the remains of a deserted trading-house, around which were growing a number of 
apple-trees.* 

On the opposite side of the river ( Nauvoo) was another village of the Sac tribe. Quash-qua 
me, chief. I have often heard it remarked that this dignitary, orignally sold all the land embraced 
in the State of Illinois to the United States Government. Tlie Nauvoo Mansion, formerly the 
I'esidence of the I'rophet .losepli Smith, occupies a portion of their grave-yard, where many a 
warrior's bones liave long since moldered into dust. As we passed on up the river, the next 
place of attraction was old Fort Madison, ten hiiles above the head of the llapids, situated on 
the west side, half a mile below a sand-blulF arising almost perpendicularly from the water's 
edge. This fort was constructed by Col. /achary Taylor (afterward President of the United 
States), and nameil in honor of .lames Madison, I'resident of the United States. 

After leaving the old fort, on the second day we arrived by keelboat at Shock-o-con (Flint 
Hills), now Uurlington, situated on the west side of the river, about twenty miles above. 
Here was a trading-i)ost, occupant's name I liave forgotten, and at the mouth of Flint Creek or 
River, a short distance al)ove, was located a Fox or Musquawka village. Its ruler and law-giver 
was the patriarch chief Timea. 

Fifteen or twenty miles Jibovc, on the east side of the river, was Oquawka (" Lower Yellow 
Banks)." This point I did not visit, and will not attempt to give any account of its early his- 
tory. 

* * * -X- * v.- ■ * ■:;• -x- -:<■ * 

" 1 will now retrace my steps down the river to the North Fabius, in Lewis County, Mo., 
eight miles west of Quincy, whore T remained on a farm for four years. During this period, 1 
had occasion to travel over Lee (Jounty more than once, and at one time in company with 
an Indian for my guide, 1 started for Cut-Nose Village (Montrose), and on arriving at the Des 
Moines River, we (bund it swollen so much as to conqiel us to swim our cattle and construct a 
raft to cross our wagon and load. After being securely landed on the north bank of the river 
and packing up, wo pursued our journey, ascending the high lands above Grave yard Blutf (liue- 
na Vista), and following the divide between the Mississippi and Se-sa-paw-()ua-sepo (Sugar 
(-'reek), traveling east of north, we soon came in sight of a lone tree, standing upon the margin 
of the bluft", two miles southwest of our destination. 

This familiar landmark to my guide assured us we were traveling in the right direction, and, 
by increasing our speed, we were soon at our journey's end, completing the lirst trip made 
through Southern Iowa by wagon and ox-team. 

In the fall of 1825, I removed to and settled at (Commerce (Quash-qua-me village). Capt. 
James White, my father-in-law, having preceded me here some time before, purchased from 
•lulien, a Krciich trader, all his improvements, consisting of an old dilapidated trading-house, 
and all the land embraced in the Indian village, extending one and a half miles above and below 
the trading-house on the river. In this transfer. Monsieur .Julien represented to (^apt. White 
that this claim could be held as a Spanish grant, as he (.Julien) had settled here in 1805, I)ut 

* Tpsson's. 



880 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

eventually the claimants had to pi-e-empt to secure a good title. A substantial two-story stone 
house, the first iu Hancock County, 111., was erected by Capt. White on the point near Ferry 
landing from INIontrose. This building he gave free use of to the county for a Court House, as no 
selection had then been made for a county seat, and after the Black Hawk war had commenced, 
settlers far and near resorted to this house as a safe place of refuge. It may be of some interest 
to you to hear the names of the tirst settlers at Nauvoo, the most of whom have " gone to that 
bourn from whence no traveler returns." 

White, Willson, Wagoner, Williams, Gouge Dunn, Coon. Dewey, Shoebridge, Hilderbraud. 
Rev. Mr. Robinson i among the first to preach the Gospel). Mr. Hibbard and Mr. Miller, who 
erected the tirst mill, which manufactured coarse meal at the rate of three bushels per hour : its 
motive power, one horse. Messrs. Forrest and Robinson were the tirst to teach the young prodi- 
gies their a-b ab's. 

While residing here, I made my first acquaintance with Black Hawk, the Mus-quaw-ka or 
Fox chief, by agreeing with him to build" a stone wall for the sum of ?8 around the grave of 
his daughter, buried near my house, and the compliance with this contract upon my part engen- 
dered a feeling of friendship for me which I reciprocated. It resulted, finally, iu the strongest 
ties of friendship, and lasted until the d*iy of his death. I have now many relics, presented to 
me by him, which I hold sacred and dear — one memento in particular, a buckskin purse, made 
and given to me by him the day before his death. 

This renowned warrior possessed many sterlingr qualities which could only be appreciated 
by those who knew him as intimately as myself. He never had but one wife, being opposed, 
personally, to the custom of polygamy, although never interfering with others of his" tribe who 
approved and practiced this evil. His mtt-u-mo (old womau"^ was a good housewife. The arrange- 
ment of the interior of her wigwam was systematic and clean, and the burnished camp-keitle her 
greatest pride. 

I tried hai\I to dissuade him from the war-path, in 1832 : but he persisted in his determina- 
tion, and paid dearly for refusing to profit by my counsel. On his return, after his captivity, 
he paid me a visit, acknowledged his error, and pledged me never again to refuse good advice, 
which he observed the remainder of his life. His days were ended, in 1838, on the east bank 
of the Des Moines River, near the crossing of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Rjiilroad at 
Ashland. 

Our commerce, from 1821 to 1832, did not increase in tonnage to any extent. I made sev- 
eral trips, during this time, on keelboats from St. Louis toGalena. 111. A number of these 
boats were owned by Capt. White, and were navigated by him as freighters on the Upper Missis- 
sippi. Capt. .Tames White informed me that his first voyage up the Mississippi was on the 
steamboat Mandan. and that they were forty days en route from New Orleans to the foot of the 
Rapids, which she attempted to ascend, but could get no higher th<»n Filly Rock on account of 
heavy draft and the want of a correct knowledge of the channel by the pilot. He also informed 
me that the Indians, at several localities above St. Louis, were badly frightened, running in 
every direction, wlien the boat first hove in sight. As they had never witnessed the like before, 
many of them thought this aquatic monster was the Mon-i-toii-ke-sut/i i^evil spirit, or devil) 
coming to call on them for a fin.al reckoning. The next steamer that succeeded in ascending the 
Rapids was the Tike, which, by many, has been considered the first steamboat that traversed 
the Upper Mississippi: which is correct so far as being the first to go nbove the Des Moines 
Rapids. 

The Red Rover, Chieftain. Mechanic, Java, Shamrock and Mexico were tlie next that made 
their appearance among us. and. after this, in succession, came as regular traders the Warrior. 
Winnebasro, Wisconsin. Olive Branch. William Wallace and Heroine, with hundreds of others 
since. The steamer Mexico was the first boat wrecked on the Lower Rapids, and the remains 
of this boat are still visible, near the shore, below Nashville.* 

The first and most popular commanders on the Upper Mississippi were Capts. Throckmor- 
ton, Shellcross, Clark, Crosley, Atchinson, Laflerty, Littleton, Cameron,, May and Reynolds. 

In the tall of 1830. T sold my farm, at the upper landing. Nauvoo, HI., to Pierce Atchison, 
of St. Louis, who considered his acquisition a valuable one. as this point bid fair to become a 
city. Owing to the detention here of boats lighting over the rapids, the true channel on the 
west side of the island opposite ^if-X^se MNiitw (Montrose) had not then been discovered. 

Shortly after the disposal of my form I removed with my tamily to the west side of the 
river four miles below, to Ah-iri-pe'iiik (commencement of falls or cascade), now Nashville. The 
chain of rocks extending across the river at this point, was considered by the natives as the com- 
mencement of the rapids, although many of the first explorers of the country thought the rapids 
extended from Piick-^ she-tuck- (foot of falls') to Skunk Prairie, thirty-two miles above, and as 
evidence to confirm this assertion. I would refer to the reports of Col. Taylor, to the Secretary 
of War, stating that he had constructed a fort on the west bank of the river, at the head of the 
lower rapids, and called it Fort ^ladison, 

I was persuaded by Dr. Isaac Gallaitd, to locate here, as he was anxious to promote the 
growth and prosperity of tlie place, and I have no doubt that he had an honest conviction that 

* The wreck was i-aiseit and taken awav when the canal was being excavated. 



HISTORY OF LEE COU!NTY. 



331 



ia time it would become a great commerciaL^ty, but our ideal meTfSpolis now, as then remains 
but an airy castle. But to this insignificalit. spot we owe a tribute of respect, as it was here that 
the first white child was born, Eleanor Galland-, in 1830 (now Mrs. McPherson, residing at For 
Madison, Iowa), her father having located here one year previous, 1829. Also the first school 
was taught here in 1830, by Berryman Jennings, now a millionaire of Oregon. And, in addi ion 
to these early celebrities, we must not fail to mention the name of James Brierly, Lee County s 
first Representative. Here, in 1835, was enacted the Maine Liquor Law, which some consider 
of more recent day. Samuel Brierly and others being engaged in the retail whisky traffic 
allowed the soldiers to indulge too freely, disturbances arose, and in consequence orders were issued 
by Col Kearney, of Fort Des Moines (Montrose) to destroy all intoxicating liquors found in 
possession of citizens of Nasliville. This order was duly executed, and an eye-witness informed 
me that there was not a dry lip on this solemn occasion. _ 

Durino- the winter of my sojournment here, I lost my early companion, and owing to this 
misfortune I resolved to depart at once from scenes where every association recalled the past 
and added fresh wounds to my sorrow. Early in March, 1831, I parted with my associations 
here, and next located at Puck-e-she-iuk ("foot of the falls," Keokuk). Upon my arrival here, 
I was furnished with comfortable quarters in a log house, first built here, by Dr. bamuel (.. 
Muir Its location, if standing to-day, would be right-hand corner of Main (as you ascend) and 
Front street In addition to the tenement I occupied was a frame building attached, which the 
proprietor reserved for his own especial accommodation. As Dr. Samuel C. Muir was the founder 
of Keokuk, and the first with whom I engaged in mercantile business, as an Indian trader. I 
feel it a duty 1 owe to his descendants to mention all I know of his character and history. 

Beino' a native of Scotland, he was educated at Edinburgh University, graduated an M. D., 
and shorlly after emigrated to this country. He proffered his services as a surgeon to the mxli- 
tary department, and was received, and during his engagement on the frontier, formed an attach- 
ment for an Indian female (Sac squaw) by whom he had five children. Their names were Louisa, 
James, Mary, Sophia and Samuel. His family accompanied him upon all occasions, in the 
event of removal from one post to another, and from inconveniences of this kind he was prompted 
to make the improvements before mentioned at Fuek-e-she-tuk, that he might have a permanent 
home During his engagement with the army, and while stationed at Fort Johnson or Edwards 
(Warsaw) 111., orders were issued by the War Department, that all officers and attaches of the 
U S Army should at once abandon and refuse to harbor any and all Indian females resorting 
around military posts. Upon this announcement being made known to him, he at once tendered 
his resio-nation, and before it was accepted many flattering inducements were oflered to him by 
his associates to abandon his wife (squaw) and remain with them. His only reply was by hold- 
ino- up his first-born papoose (babe) and exclaiming, "May God forbid that a son of Caledonia 
should ever desert his child or disown his clan." After his resignation, circumstances com- 
pelled him to practice in Northern Missouri and Galena, 111., for several years, and when his 
lease of Puck-e-she-tuk to Otis Reynolds and John Culver, of St. Louis, expired in 1830, he 
returned and received possession of his long-deserted home. During the interval of ten years, 
from 1820 to 1830, many accessions to the population of Puck-e-she-tuk had been made. Moses 
Still well the agent and representative of Reynolds and Culver,. being the first to settle here with 
his family, consisting of wife, child and two brothers-in-law, Amos Vanausdol and Valencourt 
Vanausdol. The American Fur Company had -established a trading-post here and constructed a 
respectable row of hewed-log buildings for their headquarters, of late years called "Rat Row." 
The names of the employes of this trading-house were Russell Farnham, Manager ; Joshua Palen, 
Mark Aldrido-e, Edward Brishnell, clerks; Francis Labashure and Baptiste or Battise, a Menomi- 
nee Indian, principal interpreters. John Connolly, John Forsyth, James Thorn and John Tol- 
man were engaged by the company as itinerant peddlers, collecting furs, etc. These men all, 
havino- Indian women for wives, were very popular as drummers with the various bands of 
Indians Andrew Santamount, Baptiste Neddeau, Bruseau and Paul Bessette, of French origin, 
were amono- the firot settlers here, being indirectly connected with the Fur Company in various 
occupations. At the expiration of the first year of ray residence here, my associate. Dr. Muir, 
died of cholera, being the first victim, in 1832, since which time his wife and all his children 
have followed him, except his first-born, Louisa,* who still remains with us as a link in the 
chain that connects the pioneers of yore with the generation of to-day. 

As the population increased, so did competition in trade increase, and, owing to this cause, 
the Fur Company's agents determined to remove to more advantageous grounds. I became the 
successor, owner and occupant of their buildings, continuing my trade, supplying Indians, half- 
breeds and whites with the necessaries of life. In connection with merchandise, I furnished enter- 
lainment for travelers, and towed and lightened around the rapids for steamers. 

In our pioneer days, there was not the reserve or restraint in society that there is to-day. 
When our red friends presented us with a painted stick, we asked no questions, but followed 
them to their wigwams and fared sumptuously on dog meat. In winter, whites and half-breeds 
mingled in the dance : their favorite dancing tune, being original, was called Ginlmah or Stumv- 
tail Dog. Those who did not dance could be found in an adjoining room, engaged at cards ; and 

* Residing in Keokuk, comparatively destitute, in 1879. 



332 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

oui' favorite game was bra>/, played with three cai'ds, and one who was so stupid as not to under- 
stand or appreciate its beauties, was considered ineligible to our best society. Horse-racing wa* 
another great source of auuisemeut to us ; in this sport, our red friends were ever ready to par- 
ticipate, and, at times, lost on the result every article they possessed on earth. Keokuk and 
Ptis/)-e-j.>e-no, chiefs of the Sac tribe, were more passionately fond of this amusement than any of 
their cotemporaries. And when amusements of this kind ceased to he entertaining, we called 
upon our pugilists. Hood, McBride and Price, to further enliven the scene by a friendly exhi- 
bition of their prowess, by knocking down and dragging out a few of the disinterested specta- 
tors. We had no prize-belt to award the victor, as the science and courtesies of the ring had not 
then arrived at the perfection they has^e since. 

Before this era, civil law, of course, was unknown, and our salutary laode of punishmeni 
for crime was by prohibiting the criminal from the use of intoxicating liquoi's, this being the 
greatest punishment we could intlict. 

^- * * * * ^:- v:- 

Our first school was taught by Jesse Craytou, in 18:>o. As his pupils were few, he was 
enabled to devote a large portion of his time to the mending of boots and shoes, his legitimate 
occupation. 

It will be necessary, now, to menti in other localities in connection with the history and set- 
tlement of Lee County. I will next refer to Ciit-yose Village (Montrose). 

.\fter the Indians vacated this site, Capt. James White, in 18o2, inclosed about seven acres 
of ground, procuring fencing-timber from the island opposite. He erected a double log house 
on the slope near the creek, about thirty- rods from the river. In 1834, he sold his improve- 
ments, and a fort was built, under the supervision of Lieut. Col, Crossman, named Des Moines, 
and occupied by Col. Kearney, in command of three companies of dragoons. The names of 
Browne, Boone and Sumner, Captains of these companies, will ever he remembered by the sur- 
viving pioneers of the half-breed tract for it was through their vigilance that civilization here 
received its first impetus. Their bayonets taught us to respect the rights of others, and from 
martial law we learned the necessity of a civil code. 

The first settlement at Fort Madison was by Peter Williams, a botanical, mullein-leaf doctor. 
In 1832, he erected a log house on the bank of the river, four or five hundred yards below the 
old fort. Here he remained until removed by the troops from Fort Armstrong, Rock Island. His 
house was demolished by these troops, the logs rolled into the river, and Peter was taken a 
prisoner to Commerce (Nauvoo), 111. Here he was released, owing to the intercessions of his 
friends and family, with a solemn pledge not to cross to the west bank of the river again until 
the Indian title to these lands should become extinct. 

In the latter part of 1833, or early in 1834, Peter again renewed his claim, and, about the 
same time, Richard Cheny squatted on the fiat above the branch and near the present site of the 
State Penitentiary. Those eirly settlers disagreed about their boundary lines, and, in conse- 
quence, war was declared, which raged ferociously for mouths, uutil Peter obtained foreign aid 
from Fort Des Moines ^Montrose). On the arrival of his auxiliaries, they fired a round of 
blank cartridges into old Dick's intrenchments, which made him beg for quarter, and promise 
ever after to hold his peace. 

Tlie first settler on the Des Moines River was John Tohlman, opposite St. Francisville, Mo. 
Next after him, at the same locality, was Dr. Samuel Hearn and above his farm was an Indian 
trail, its course east and west terminating at the water's edge on the east bank of the Des 
Moines, opposite the point of bluff bordering on the river above its mouth. 

This trail started at Lemoliese (now Sandusky), ran due west to the Des Moines, as before 
described, thence onward over hill and dale to the Missouri River, and terminated near Kansas 
City. It must have been, at some former period, a great thoroughfare, as it was worn in many 
places, on level ground, for miles, six inches in depth. 

I will now return to Puck-e-she-tuk\ unA mention a few more incidents connected with its 
growth and prosperity. 

During the first four yeai's of my residence here, I had cleared and fenced something over 
twenty acres on the top and side of the hill; this I used for corn and potatoes. The pi*esent 
landmarks, embracing the primitive potato-patch, are from Front street up Blondeau to Tenth, 
down Tenth to Timea ; thence along Timea to Second street ; thence along Second to Main ; thence 
down Main and up Front to place of beginning. 

Up to the year 1835, the settlement at the foot of the Rapids had been without a distinctive 
name. Its various aliases wei-e •' Puck-e-she-ttik," -'Point.'" 'Foot of the Rapids." etc. It was 
finally proposed by a number of steamboatmen, while detained here in lightening over the rapids, 
that it should commemorate the name of the Peace Chief of the Sac tribe, owing to his fidelity 
and friendship for the white people. 

I sold my potato patch to Dr. Isaac Galland, agent of the New York Land Company, 
and under his supervision, a city in embryo was formally inaugurated and recorded as 
Keo/cuh. 



*John Gaiaes was appointed the first Justice or Notary of Lee County, the half-breed reservation of Sacs 
and Foxes, Ouisconsin Territory, in 1S36. His monument (,» rough limestone') stood on tho cornt-r of Second anl 
Blondeau streets, Keokuk, as late as 1867. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 338 

In the fall of 1836, a puhlic meeting was held at the forks of the road six miles west of 
Keokuk, on what was then known as John Gaines'* claim. The object of this first meeting was 
for mutual consultation regarding the organization of Iowa Territoi-y, and to know to what rights 
this locality might he entitled, as heretofore it had been thought by maiiy of us that this reser- 
vation of lands for the half-breeds of the Sac and Fox Indians could not be included or embraced 
in any other organization. We thought, seriously, of setting out on our own hook, by forming" 
an independent government of our own, but, after James Briei-ly and Hem-y J. Campbell had, in 
succession, mounted upon the head of a whisky-barrel and unburdened themselves of a vast 
■amount of eloquence, we became convinced that this resei-vation did owe allegiance to the United 
States Government, and we must abide by its declarations. 

Dui'ing this couvention, the name " Lee " was suggested as an appropi'iate name for the county, 
owing to his survey of the rapids bounding it upon the east. 

" Others among us thought " Sprigg" or "Rapids" more appropriate than the first, and to 
what source it owes its name, if not to Lieut. Lee, I cannot state, as I removed from the county 
before it was named. 

RECOLLECTIONS OF VALENCOURT VANAUSDOL. 

After Tesson, came Lemoliese, a French trader, in 1820, who established 
his trading-piace at what is now Sandusky, which was first known to the white 
settlers as Lemoliese. Maurice Blondeau, was here at the same time. Mr. 
Isaac R. Campbell, in his letter just quoted, and Capt. James W. Camp- 
bell, in a speech before the "Old Settlers," previously mentioned, both refer to 
the improvements made by Lemoliese, as probably the first made in Southern 
Iowa, The extent of these improvements is not given, but in all likelihood 
they consisted of nothing more than his trader's cabin and a small patch culti- 
vated in garden vegetables, corn, pumpkins, etc. 

Valencourt Vanausdol, of Keokuk, is, beyond question, the oldest continu- 
ous white citizen in the State of Iowa. In 1827, Mr. Vanausdol was a boy 
ten years of age, living with his brother-in-law, Moses Stillwell, a carpenter by 
trade, at St. Louis, Mo. In the fall of 1827, Stillwell concluded to change 
his residence from St, Louis to what was then called Indian Territory, at the 
foot of the Lower Rapids, where Keokuk now stands. He placed himself and 
family and young Vanausdol on board the old steamboat Indiana, lying at the 
wharf at St. Louis, and after a six weeks' trip the boat landed them at the site 
of the present city of Quincy, 111. The steamer was a small concern, of little 
power, and so very slow that a keelboat coming up the river passed her several 
times during the trip. The same fall, Stillwell and family, including Vanaus- 
dol, came in an ox-wagon from Quincy to old Fort Edwards, now Warsaw, 111., 
and wintered in the fort. In the spring of 1828, they moved from the fort in 
canoes to the opposite side of the river, and settled at the foot of the rapids, 
where Vanausdol has lived ever since. During the winter, Stillwell had come 
over to the foot of the falls and built two cabins, one of which he occupied 
with his family when they removed from Fort Edwards at the time mentioned. 

In those days, Indians were numerous on both sides of the Mississippi, but 
were friendly and inoffensive to the few whites amongst them. Vanausdol says 
that Moses Stillwell and his wife, and their four children, and himself, were the 
only white residents at the foot of the rapids in the spring of 1828, and if there 
was a white inhabitant besides them in any portion of the country which now 
constitutes the State of Iowa, he was not aware of the fact. Stillwell 's cabin, 
where he first located, stood near where is now the foot of Main street, Keokuk, 
and a little farther up the hill he cut oft' the trees and cleared and fenced some 
ground and raised potatoes and corn on it in the summer of lS28. He lived 
there two years, and then built a cabin on the bank of the river near the foot of 
High street, which he made the residence of himself and family until his death, 
about 1834. 



334 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

When Vanausdol came to the present site of Keokuk with Stillwell in the 
spring of 1828, the ground was covered with heavy timber. The woods were 
full of wild turkeys, deer, squirrels and other wild game native to the country. 
He saw any number of turkeys and deer killed on the ground now occupied bv 
Keokuk. A person could go out at any time and without going over half a 
mile from the river, in an hour's hunt load himself down with game. 

For several years after their arrival here, their only meat was wild game. 
Honey was plenty. The woods were full of wild bees, and Yanausdol helped 
cut down many trees with hives of bees and rich stoi'es of honey in them on 
the present plat of Keokuk. Stillwell's business between the time of his 
arrival here and his death, was in cutting wood and selling to steamboats, which 
occasionally passed up the river, and selling calicoes, blankets, knives and 
trinkets to the Indians, which he received from St. Louis. 

Dr. Isaac Galland comes next in the list of early first settlers. He came 
from Edgar County. 111., in 1829. Those who knew him say he was a man of 
rare genius, and that his busy brain was always forming new schemes, and that 
his ready pen could describe anything in which he was interested, in glowing 
colors. He was quite a character in his time, and acheived an almost national 
reputation because of a number of public and prominent transactions in which 
he took a leading part, especially when he became opposed to the New York 
Land Company. Dr. Galland died at Fort Madison, in 1858. Eleanor, his 
daughter (now Mrs. McPherson, at Ottumwa), says Mr. Isaac R. Campbell, was 
the first white female child born in the territory of Lee County. 

In 1830, Isaac E. Campbell and his family moved over from Nauvoo, or 
Commerce, as it was then called, and settled at the site of Galland's ideal city 
— Nashville. He remained there until March. 1831, and then removed to the 
foot of the falls and occupied a log house that had been built by Dr. Muir. In 
his letter to Hon. Edward Johnstone and published in the July (1867') number 
of the Annals of Iowa. Mr. Campbell mentions the name of Berryman Jen- 
nings, who taught a school at Nashville in 1830. There was also a Dedman 
family, who first came to the Mississippi River in 1828. and to Nashville in 
1830, and remained there until the Black Hawk war excitement, when they 
re-crossed the Mississippi River and sought safety and protection at Fort Edwards. 
Tollifer Dedman, one of the sons, is now a resident of Clarke County, Mo. 

Samuel Brierly, the father of James Brierly, Lee county's first legislative 
representatives, occupied the old Lemoliese cabin in 1831. 

To this list of early first settlers might be added the name of the present 
well-known and highly-esteemed Capt. James ^Y. Campbell, although he was a 
mere lad then. He has grown to manhood on this part of the Black Hawk 
Purchase, and has seen it redeemed from an Indian wild and made a garden of 
beauty, wealth and intelligence. 

The names herein quoted, according to the best sources of information, rep- 
resent the entire Avhite and civilized population of Avhat is now Lee County at 
the close of the year 1831. Counting from the time it is believed Tesson set- 
tled at the '' Old Orchard'' (in 1796), thirty-five years have passed since the first 
attempt was made to plant the standartl of civilization in Southern Iowa, 
instruct the Indians in the arts of agricultural industry and convert them to 
the religion of the Roman Catholic Church. The progress of settlement was- 
slow as compared with the settlement of new territories nowadays, but there 
were many hindrances. When Tesson first came here, all that vast region 
west of the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean was under the dominion 
of Spain. From April, 1803, until after the Black Hawk Purchase was 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



335 



opened to white settlement in 1833, it was as effectually barred against 
white occupancy as if it had remained under the ownership and government 
of foreign powers. It was an Indian wild — nothing more — into which a few 
Indian traders like Tesson, and honest white men whom the Indians liked, 
as Mr. Isaac R. Campbell, occasionally found their way, and in that con- ^ 
dition it remained until the Indian right to possession expired m 1833. 

Mr. Valencourt Vanausdol, whom we have already quoted, says, after 
the American Fur Company commenced business at Puck-a-she-tuck, large 
crowds of Sac and Fox Indians were generally about the foot of the rap- 
ids, when not on a hunt. Winnebago, Chippewa and Menominee Indians 
came here with their furs to trade, sometimes, but, as they were not on very 
friendly terms with the Sacs and Foxes, they were rather watchful when they 

came about. 

The Indians brought immense quantities of buffalo, elk, deer, wolt, coon, 
mink, otter, beaver and muskrat skins to trade to the whites for such things as 
suited them in exchange, especially blankets, knives, trinkets and whisky. _ 

They were excessively fond of whisky, but not much in the habit of drink- 
ing to excess unless by pre-arrangement to get on a " big drunk," when a cer- 
tain number were appointed to stay sober and protect the drunken ones from 
doing harm to themselves or others. Their favorite places for having '^big 
drunks" were at what is now known as the mouth of Bloody Run, and on 
the bank of the Mississippi, where Anschutz's brewery now stands. During 
these sprees the days and nights were made hideous with the howls and war- 
whoops of the Indian bacchanalians. _^ 

At the commencement of the Black Hawk war in the early summer of 18oi^, 
there were only about a dozen families at Puck-e-she-tuck. There were a num- 
ber of unmarried men, but the entire adult male population did not exceed 
fifty, includinff boys large enough to be made available in repelling an Indian 
attack. The American Fur Company sold their buildings, etc., to Isaac R. 
Campbell, and all the traders abandoned the place. This reduced the resi- 
dent male population to Mr. Campbell and thirty-four employes. Jenifer 
T. Spriggs, who had come on to survey the half-breed tract of land, and 
who was an inmate of Mr. Campbell's family, thought it advisable to garrison 
the place, and a stockade was built. The men were organized 'into a com- 
pany to do duty in case of an attack, and Mr. Spriggs was elected Captain. 
Mr. Campbell wrote to the commandant at St. Louis for arms, and the com- 
pany was furnished with one swivel, thirty-four muskets and 500 rounds of 
ammunition. Vanausdol, then a boy, was made to do duty as a scout, and car- 
ried a weekly express to what was then known as Fort Pike, now St. Fran- 
cisville, Mo. But the Indians came not, and no one here was injured by them 
during those troubles. 

During the excitement consequent upon the Black Hawk war, the (jovern- 
ment intrusted to Mr. Campbell's care 1,500 barrels of flour and a large 
quantity of other stores. The company was promised pay for guarding this 
property, and orders were given to make out a muster-roll for the purpose 
of payment. Capt. Spriggs took the roll and went to St. Louis to draw the 
money, but on the way to St. Louis he lost the roll, and that was the end 
of it.' 



336 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

THE BLACK HAWK WAR. 

REDIVIVUS. 

The history of this war has generally been conceded to belong to the history 
of Illinois, which accounts for the very brief sketch to be found on pp. 157-8-9 
of this volume. The concession is erroneous. It is not so much a part of the 
history of Illinois as of Lee County and the State of Wisconsin. Before 
the commencement of hostilities, the Black Hawk Indians wel-e occupants of 
the lower part of the eastern slope of Iowa. They started on the war-path 
from Keokuk, rendezvoused at Fort Madison, crossed the Mississippi River to 
the present site of Pontoosuc, traveled up through Illinois and fought the only 
two battles of the war in what is now the State of Wisconsin, after which the 
survivors returned to the Iowa side of the river, many of them to what is now 
Lee County, where Black Hawk subsequently became well known to the set- 
tlers, from 1833 to the time of his death in October, 1838. Not one of the 
battles of the Black Hawk war was fought on Illinois soil. The Stillman's 
Run affair was not a battle. It was only a big scare brought upon that officer's 
command and the country by the drunken recklessness of some of his men 
who fired upon an Indian flag of truce. 

These facts are clearly established and completely overturn the generally 
received opinion that the history of that war belongs to Illinois, and places it 
where it of right belongs — to Lee County and the State of Wisconsin. 

"After Black Hawk and his people returned to the west side of the Missis- 
sippi River, in the fall of 1831," says Mr. Isaac R. Campbell, "they estab- 
lished themselves on the north bank of the Iowa River, about two and a 'half 
miles above its mouth, where they had a village." [Capt. James W. Campbell 
locates the village at the present site of Black Hawk village, two and a half 
miles from the old village of Toolesboro, in Louisa County, and almost directly 
opposite the town of New Boston, Mercer County, 111.] " They did not remain 
there very long, however, when they went to the hunting-grounds on Salt 
River, in Missouri. In the early spring of 1832, Black Hawk and his full 
band came to Keokuk, where they had a war-dance, and then went up the Mis- 
sissippi River. They camped a night or two in the timber along Devil Creek, 
about six miles west from Fort Madison. Their real starting-point was from 
Fort Madison. The women and children, cooking-utensils, etc., were trans- 
ported in canoes. The men followed along on the west bank of the Mississippi, 
with their horses and ponies, until they reached a point opposite the present 
site of Pontoosuc, 111., where they crossed on the 6th day of April." It has 
been stated that they crossed their ponies by swimming, but the statement is 
at fault. They were crossed on what was known as "floats." These floats 
were made by lashing three canoes together, covering them with poles, which, 
in turn, were covered with leaves to a thickness sufficient to make a plat- 
form strong enough to carry as many ponies as could be made to stand 
upon it. 

Capt. Love, the commander of a small steamboat, was coming down the 
river, and arrived at Pontoosuc soon after the Indians had crossed, and his 
attention was directed to many large bunches of leaves floating on the surface 
of the water. Some of these bunches were several feet in diameter, and, seem- 
ingly, a foot or two in thickness. Unadvised of the origin of this vast collec- 
tion of leaves, Capt. Love characterized their presence as a strange, and, to 
him. unaccountable phenomenon. It was subsequently explained that, after 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 337 

the Indians had crossed their stock, the leaves were thrown into the river and 
floated along on the surface of the water. 

Mrs. Isaac R. Campbell says the Indians were mad and threatening when 
they started up the river ; that they had on their war-paint, and danced their 
war- dance near their house at Keokuk ; but Mr. Campbell, who was on friendly 
terms with Black Hawk, states that the old chief told him they were not going 
over into Illinois to fight, but to care for the graves of their fathers. Fred- 
erick Stahl, an old and highly-respected citizen of Galena, states that he was 
informed by John Dixon, the founder of the city of Dixon, Lee County, 111., 
that the Indians stopped at his house, at Dixon, as they were going up Rock 
River ; that Ne-o-pope, one of Black Hawk's head men, had the young bravts 
well in hand, and that he assured him they intended to commit no depredations, 
and that they would not fight unless they were attacked. 

Whatever Black Hawk's purposes may have been, his crossing the Missis- 
sippi River was considered an invasion, and the war followed. However, it is 
the unanimous testimony of survivors of that period now living on the old bat- 
tle-fields whom the writer has interviewed, that, except the violation of treaty 
stipulations and an arrogance of manner natural to an Indian who wanted to 
make a new trade with the " Great Father," the Sacs under Black Hawk com- 
mitted no serious acts of hostility, and intended none until the alternative of 
war or extermination was presented to them. It is certain, too, that the people 
of Galena and of the mining district generally apprehended no war. 

The intimation (see pp. 158-9) that Davenport played a conspicuous part 
in prevailing upon Black Hawk to cross back to the Rock River country, in tlie 
spring of 1832, and that liis letter to Gen. Atkinson was only a cunning device 
to enable him to secure what he had come to regaird as a bad debt, is not sus- 
tained by subsequent events. On the contrary, it would seem that he was fully 
advised of Indian intentions when, on the 13th of April he wrote to Gen. 
Atkinson that he was " informed that the British bands of Sacs are determined 
to make war on the frontier settlements," and that it was their purpose to 
"commit depredations on the inhabitants of the frontier." The British band 
did invade Illinois, and kill the Indian Agent, Saver. About the same time, 
some Winnebagoes also killed one of three or four men who were engaged at 
work in a field near Oquawka. The other men, among whom was Nathan 
Smith, now of St. Francisville, took to flight and managed to escape, although 
they were closely pursued for some distance by the Indians. These acts 
hastened the conflict. 

Gov. Reynolds, of Illinois, called out the militia, and, on Saturday, the 
12th day of May, 1832, was at Dixon's Ferry (now the city of Dixon) with 
about two thousand mounted riflemen, where he waited to be joined by the 
United States Regulars from Fort Armstrong (Rock Island), under command of 
Gen. Atkinson. "A day or two previous," said the Galenian of that period, 
Dr. Philleo, editor, "Maj. Isaiah Stillman, with about four hundred well- 
mounted volunteers, commenced his march with a fixed determination to wage 
a war of extermination Avherever he might find any of the hostile bands.' 
Just before nightfall, on the evening of the 12th of May, Stillman's forces 
went into camp in White Rock Grove, in what is now Ogle County, 111., about 
thirty-five miles above Dixon. His camp was in close proximity to that of 
Black Hawk, but he was ignorant of the fact. It has been said that at that 
very time Black Hawk was making arrangements to sue for a treaty of peace. 
How true this statement may be is not for the writer to determine, and the 
reader is left to compare the statement with the declarations made to Isaac R. 



^38 HllSTORr OF LEE COUNTY. 

Campbell, before lie started to Roek River from Keokuk, and bv Ne-o-ope to Mr. 
Dixon, when the Indians arrived at Dixon. Whether true or false, it was of 
no benefit to the Indians. 

Stillman's forces were well supplied with whisky, some authorities having 
asserted that they had with them a barrel of " fire water," and that a number 
of the men and ofiicers were drunk. They were eager to get sight of an Indian, 
and boastful that they could never be happy again until each one of them had 
the scalp of a Sac dangling from his belt. 

Soon" after Stillman had gone into camp. Black Hawk became aware of the 
near presence of an armed force, and sent a small party of his braves to Still- 
man's camp with a flag of truce. Their approach was discovered by some of Still- 
man's men. who. Avithout reporting to their commander, and without orders, 
hastily mounted their horses and dashed down upon the approaching Indians. 
The liag of truce party of Indians, not understanding the sudden movement, 
and no doubt suspicious, retreated toward the camp of their chief. The whites 
fired upon them, killing two of their number and captured two more. The others 
escaped but were closely pursued by the reckless volunteers. "When Black 
Hawk and his war-chief Xe-o-pope saw them dashing down upon their camp, 
that their tiag of truce had been disregarded, and believing that their overtures 
for peace had been rejected, they raised their terrible war«-whoop and marshaled 
for the fray. 

It was now the turn of the volunteers to retreat, and. after killing their two 
captives, they turned and fled as rapidly as their horses could travel. Supposing 
that thev were being followed by a thousand savage Indians, they dashed through 
their camp, spreading terror and consternation among their comrades, but late 
so eager to meet the foe. The wildest panic ensued ; there was '• mounting 
in hot haste," and, without waiting to see whether there was anything or 
anybodv to run from, every man fled, and never halted until they reached 
Dixon's Ferry or some other place of safety, or had been stopped by Indi^i 
bullets and tomahawks. The first man to reach Dixon was a Kentucky lawyer, 
who, as he strode into Dixon, thirty-five miles away, reported that every man in 
Stillman's command had been killed except himself. Another man. named Corn- 
stock, never stopped until he reached Gralena, where he reported that - the men 
were all drunk, as he was, got scared, and made the best time they could to get 
out of danger, but that he didn't see a single Indian." All accounts agree 
that the meii Avere drunk, and that the white flag displayed by the Indians was 
tired upon in utter disregard of all recognized rules of warfare, even among 
Indians. 

The whites had commenced the work of murder, and the Indians, losing all 
hope of a peaceable solution of the difficulties, determined that a war of exter- 
u\ination was a game at which both parties could play, and. who can blame them 
for their determination to sell their lives as dearly a? possible. 

Gen. Whiteside was in command at Dixon, and at once proceeded to the 
fatal field : but the enemy had gone, the main body having moved northward, 
while the rest scattered in" small bands to avenge the death of their flag-of-truce 
bearers upon the unoS'ending settlers. Eleven of Stillman's men Avere killed,^ 
\mong whom were Capt. Adams and Maj. Perkins. The mutilated remains of 
those Vho had fallen because of the drunken recklessness of the men who fired 
upon the flag of truce were gathered together and buried, and to this day the 
place is known as Stillman's Run. 

The Stillman's Run aftair was the beginning of active hostilities, and pre- 
cipitated all the horrors of border warfare upon the white settlements in Jo 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 339 

Daviess County,* and in the adjoining portion of Michigan Territory (now Wis- 
consin). Truth of history compels the impartial historian to record the fact 
that the whites were the aggressors, a fact that was appreciated by many of the 
volunteers themselves. It was not such rare sport to kill Indians when it was^ 
found that Indians might kill them, and especially when war had been com- 
menced by firing upon and killing the bearers of a flag of peace. The vol- 
unteers commenced grumbling, and demanded to be mustered out, and were 
dismissed soon after by Gov. Reynolds. Another call was issued, and a new 
regiment of volunteers was mustered in at Beardstown, with Jacob Fry as 
Colonel ; James D. Henry, Lieutenant Colonel, and John Thomas, Major. 
The late commanding General, Whiteside, volunteered as a private. 

Among the first results of " Stillman's defeat " was the descent of about 
seventy Indians upon an unprotected settlement on Indian Creek, in what is 
now La Salle County, 111., where they massacred fifteen men, women and 
children of the families of Hall, Davis and Pettigrew, and captured two young 
women, Sylvia and Rachel Hall. These girls, aged seventeen and fifteen years 
respectively, were afterward taken by Winnebagoes to Gratiot's Grove, where 
they were ransomed by Maj. Henry Gratiot, by the payment of |2,000 in 
horses, wampumf (Indian currency or medium of exchange) and trinkets. 
Gratiot subsequently took the girls to Galena, from whence, at a later period, 
they were restored to their surviving relatives. 

On the 15th of May, 1832, Capt. James W. Stephenson arrived at Galena 
with full particulars of Stillman's disastrous defeat, and the intelligence that 
the Indians had commenced bloody hostilities. The news spread like wildfire, 
and created intense excitement and alarm. The settlers and miners were called 
together at the old race-course, on the bottom near Fever River, where a com- 
pany of mounted rangers was organized, with James W. Stephenson as Captain. 
At 3 o'clock on the morning of Saturday, the 19th of May, Sergt. Fred 
Stahl (now a banker at Galena) and privates William Durley, Vincent Smith, 
Redding Bennett and James Smith, started to bear dispatches'to Gen. Atkinson, 
at Dixon's Ferry, with John D. Winters, the mail contractor, for a guide; but' 
on Sunday, the 20th, Sergt. Stahl, from whom these particulars are gathered, 
returned to Galena and added to the alarm of the people by reporting that his 
party had been ambuscaded by the Indians just on the edge of Buflalo Grove 
(now in Ogle County), fifty miles from Galena, about 5 o'clock on Saturday 
afternoon, and that Durley was instantly killed and left on the spot where he 
had fallen. Stahl received a bullet through his coat-collar, and James Smith 
afterward found a bullet-hole in his hat, and became intensely frightened. 
After the war, the leader of the ambuscading Indians told Dixon that he could 
have killed the young fellow (Stahl) as well as not, but he had a fine horse, and 
in trying to shoot him without injuring the horse he shot too high, as Stahl 
suddenly stooped as he pulled the trigger. 

On the 23d of May, Felix St. Vrain, agent for the Sacs and Foxes, bearer 
of dispatches, left Gen. Atkinson's headquarters on Rock River, accompanied 
by John Fowler, Thomas Kenney, William Hale, Aquilla Floyd, Aaron Haw- 
ley and Alexander Higginbotham. At Buffalo Grove, they fu'und the body of 
the lamented Durley, and buried it within a rod of where it was found. The 

VI *v.v* ^H^* "'"^' '^° I>a'*'iess County included a large part of Northern Illinois— Ogle, Stephenson, Carroll White- 
side, Winnebago, Boone, Lee, and other northern counties, as they are now organized. 

t Wampum is also called pe-se-me-kuk. This consists of strings of small sea-shells, about the size of barley- 
corns, or somewhat larger, being perforated lengthwise, are strung on thread-like fibers of animal sinews and has 
constituted the ancient currency of many tribes. Its value has been variously estimated at ditferent periods in 
American history, as would seem from the statement that the Colony of New York was purchased from the Indians 
lor a few pounds of these shells, while at Inter dates a string containing about thirty shells has been estimated at nne 
dollar. ■ -g " 



340 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY, 

next day (the 2ith), they were attacked by a party of thirty Indians, near 
Kellogg's old place (in Ogle County). St. Vrain, Fowler, Hale and Hawley 
wei-e killed. The other three escaped and arrived at Galena on the 26th. 

May 23, 1832, the Galenian said : " The tomahawk and scalping-knife 
have again been drawn on our frontier ; blood of our best citizens has been 
spilt in great profusion within the borders of Illinois. * * * * r^i^Q 
Indians must be exterminated or sent off." 

The people were thoroughly alarmed. Blockhouses and stockades were 
built in nearly all the settlements. The men were organized into companies, 
and every possible preparation was made for protection and defense. Farming 
and mining operations were suspended, and nothing was thought of but the 
Indian war. Some of the settlers who had made claims and were breaking 
ground for their first crops when the news that hostilities had commenced 
reached them, unhitched their teams, left their plows in the furrows and hurried 
to convey their families for safety and protection to some one of the numerous 
stockades and then to join the forces that were being raised for the war. Scatter- 
ing bands of Indians — Winnebagoes and others — harassed the outskirts of the 
settlements, occasionally killing a man and carrying off his stock. 

On the night of June 8, fourteen horses were stolen from just outside the 
stockade at Elizabeth, on Apple River, and on the night of the 17th, ten more 
were stolen. On the morning of the 18th, Capt. Stephenson and twelve of his 
Galena company and nine more from the Apple River stockade (twenty-two 
men in all) started on the trail of the red thieves, and overhauled them about 
twelve miles east of Kellogg's Grove, where a hot chase commenced, and was 
continued for several miles. At little northeast of Waddam's Grove (Stephen- 
son County, 111.), the Indians, seven in number, says Capt. Green, took refuge 
in a dense thicket and awaited the attack. Stephenson dismounted his men, 
and detailing a guard for the horses, led his men in gallant charge against the 
concealed foe, received their fire and returned it, and then retired to the open 
prairie to reload. Three times they chai-ged upon the fatal thicket, each time 
losing one of their number. Aiter the third charge, Stephenson retreated, 
leaving his dead where they fell, and returned to Galena on the 19th. Only 
one Indian was known to be killed. He was bayoneted by Private Hood and 
stabbed in the neck by Thomas Sublet. The slain Indian was scalped several 
times, and a piece of his scalp is still in the possession of William H. Snyder, 
Esq., of Galena. Capt. Stephenson himself was wounded. The three men 
killed were Stephen P. Howard, George Eames and Michael Lovell. 

On the 20th, Stephenson's and Craig's companies, under command of Col. 
Strode, went out to Waddam's Grove and buried the remains of Howard, Eames 
and Lovell, but left the dead Indian above ground. On their return, they heard 
some suspicious sounds, but pushed on to Imus', in Rush Township, (now) Jo 
Daviess County, and from there to Galena, where they arrived in safety. 
"Afterward," says Capt. Green, who was one of the party, "we learned that 
a large party of Sacs were within a half-hour's march of us, when we left the 
graves of our dead comrades." 

This party, which numbered about one hundred and fifty, had left the main 
body of the Sacs on Rock River, and after following Strode's command, were 
supposed to be the same party who made a furious attack on the Apple River 
stockade on the night of the 24th, the circumstances of which are thus related : 
F. Dixon, Edmund Welsh, G. W. Herclerode and another man, named Kirk- 
patrick, started to carry dispatches to Gen. Atkinson. After they passed Apple 
River, they were fired upon by Indians, and Welsh was badly Avounded. His 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 341 

companions told him to retreat to the fort, and to give him time, turned upon 
the foe and raised a yell, whicB temporarily checked them. Welsh reached the 
fort and gave the alarm. Their stratagem succeeded. Dixon dashed through 
the savages and escaped to Galena, Kirkpatrick and Herclerode gained the 
stockade, the gate was closed and for three-quarters of an hour the battle raged 
with furious heat. The women and girls molded bullets and loaded the guns. 
Herclerode was killed while taking deliberate aim at an Indian over the pickets. 
The number of Indians killed was not known, but they were believed to have 
lost several. They finally withdrew, after destroying a good deal of property 
and stealing a large number of cattle. 

On the evening of June 14, five men w^ere killed while at work in a corn- 
field on Spafford's farm, on Spafford's Creek, five miles below Fort Hamilton; 
and on the morning of the 16th, Henry Apple, a German, was killed within 
half a mile of the fort. Gen. Henry Dodge, with a mounted force of twenty- 
nine men, started in pursuit and came in sight of the murdering party about 
three miles from the fort, but did not overtake them until after they had crossed 
the Pec-a-ton-i-ca River and entered an almost impenetrable swamp, at Horse- 
Shoe Bend. At the edge of the swamp. Gen. Dodge ordered his men to dis- 
mount and link horses. Four men were left in charge of the horses, four were 
posted around the swamp to prevent the escape of the savages, and the remain- 
der, twenty-one in number, with Gen. Dodge at their head, advanced about half 
a mile into the swamp, where they received the fire of the Indians. Three of 
the men fell mortally wounded. Gen. Dodge instantly ordered a charge upon 
the Indians, who were found lying under the bank of the slough, but were not 
seen until Dodge and his men had approached within a few feet of them. Ten 
of the Indians were killed and scalped in less than that many minutes. The 
eleventh one swam the slough in an attempt to escape, and was shot on the oppo- 
site bank. In this foray F. M. Morris and Samuel Wells were mortally, and 
Samuel Black and Thomas Jenkins severely, wounded. 

This was the first victory over the Indians and occasioned great rejoicing in 
the settlements. 

On the 17th of June, Capt. Adam W. Alexander, of Col. Fry's regiment, 
was sent out to scout the country between Rock River and Galena, and while 
encamped near Burr Oak Grove, in what is now the township of Erin, in 
Stephenson County, was fired upon by four Indians. He pursued and killed 
them, losing one man, who fell mortally wounded. Returning, he was attacked 
by seventy Indians, both parties taking positions behind trees. Gen. White- 
side, then a private, shot the leader of the band, when the Indians retreaied, 
but were not pursued. Snyder lost two men killed and one wounded. 

On the 25th, a detachment of Gen. Posey's brigade, commanded by Maj. 
John Dement, and encamped at Kellogg's Grove (then called Burr Oak Grove), 
was attacked by a large party of Indians and a sharp skirmish ensued. Maj. 
Dement lost five men and about twenty horses killed. The Indians left nine 
of their number stretched upon the field. Gen. Posey, who was encamped at 
Buffalo Grove, went to the relief of Dement, but the Indians had retreated two 
hours before he arrived. He returned to Kellogg's Grove to await the arrival 
of his baggage- wagons, and then marched to Fort Hamilton, Michigan Terri- 
tory (now Wisconsin.) 

On the 29th of June, three men at work in a corn-field at Sinsinawa (Jones' 
Mound), ten miles from Galena, were attacked by a small party of Indians, and 
two of them, James Boxley and John Thompson, were killed. The third one 
escaped and carried the news to Galena, when Maj. Stephenson, with thirty 



342 HISTORY OP LEE COUNTY. 

men, immediately started out to buvv the murdered men and pursue the mur- 
derers. The bodies of Boxley and Thompson -were horribly mutilated. Both 
had been scalped, and Thompson's heart cut out. The Indians were followed 
to Jordan's farm (now Dunleith), on the Mississippi River, where they had 
stolen a canoe and crossed to the Iowa side. 

It has always been admitted by those who were tamiliar with the facts, that 
the Stillman's Run affair precipitated the war and led to the several murders 
and outrages herein quoted. But it never was believed that aU these atrocities 
were committed under the direction, with his knowledge and approval, or by 
members of Black Hawk's band. It is certain that a large number of young 
"Winnebagoes. Pottawatomies and straggling representatives of other tribes took 
advantage of the condition of attairs and hung on the outskirts of his forces, 
just as the bummers hovered in the shadows of Sherman's army, when he was 
marching from "Georgia to the sea." When the war suddenly closed at Bad 
Axe, it was learned beyond question, that nearly all the murders had been com- 
mitted by these stragglers. 

The excitement continued, the alarm increased, and, on the 30th of June, 
all the inhabitants along the Mississippi River from the present site of Savannah 
and north of Galena to Cassville ("Wisconsin), either went to Galena or some of 
the other stockades for safety, and it was not considered safe to go the shortest 
distance outside of any of the forts. 

Capt. George W. Harrison, in command of Fort Hamilton, on the Pecaton- 
ica River, thirty miles from Galena, after vainly trying to get a cannon, went 
to Col. Hamilton's* lead furnace and cast several lead pieces, to represent 
22-pounders, which were properly mounted at the stockade, and answered every 
purpose. 

While the whirligig of time was recording the events here narrated, Black 
Hawk's forces kept on their march up Rock River, with the intention, it was 
believed, of returning to the west side of the Mississippi, as the forces of Gen. 
Atkinson below, prevented their return by the way they came, and as they no 
doubt believed, after the affair with Stillman, no Hag of truce or proposals for 
peace woiild be received by the whites. Various Indian signs Avere discovered 
along the Mississippi. July 6, Lieut. Orrin Smith and twenty men were sent 
to Jordan's farm (Dunleith) to reconnoiter the country round about there. On 
the 9th, Indians were in the vicinity of Rountrees Fort (Plattsville, AVis.), 
where they held a war-dance around the scalp of a white woman. On the 10th, 
the iTah'uiau said: "To-day we learn that the trail of the Indians shows that 
they must have come from the west of the Mississippi, in a direction from 
Dubuque's mines. " 

July 14, Gov. Reynolds, Col. Field (Secretary of State), Judges Smith and 
Brown,' Cols. Hickman, Grant (not Gen. Grant), Breese and Gatewood. Capt. 
Jeffreys and others, arrived at Galena from the army, and reported that the 
Indians were entirely destitute of provisions, and were endeavoring to reach 
and recross the Mississippi. 

July 15, an express arrived at Galena, and stated that Capt. Harney, of 
the U. S. A., had found and pursued the trail of the Indians for thirty miles, 
passing four of their encampments in that distance, and that he found many 
signs oif their want of provisions, "such as where they had butchered horses, 
duo- for roots, and scraped the trees for bark." It became evident that the 
military had concluded that Black Hawk was doing his best to escape to the 
west side of the Mississippi. Orders were sent to troops stationed on the 

* A sou of Alexander Hamilton, who was kilUnl in :i duel with Aaivn Burr. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 343 

banks of the river to. prevent or delay the Indians from crossing until the 
brigade sent by Gen. Atkinson could come up with them. 

Murders and depredations by straggling Indians had now nearly ceased, 
and the movements of the troops were directed against the main body of the 
Black Hawk Indians. 

On the 15th of June, 1832, the new levies of volunteers, in camp at 
Dixon's Ferry, had been organized into three brigades ; the first was com- 
manded by Gen. Alexander Posey, the second by Gen. Milton R. Alexander, 
!uid the third by Gen. James D. Henry. 

About the 25th of June, Gen. Atkinson commenced his slow and cautious 
march up Rock River. At Lake Kosh-ko-nong he was joined by Gen. Alex- 
a;iider's brigade. Further on, at Whitewater or Wliite River, they were joined 
by Gen. Posey's brigade and the Galena battalion under Maj. Henry Dodge, 
when Gens. Alexander and Henry, and Maj. Dodge were sent to Fort Winne- 
bago for supplies. At Fort Winnebago they heard that Black Hawk was 
making his way toward the Wisconsin River, when, without orders, Gen. 
Henry and Maj. Dodge started in pursuit, Gen. Alexander and his brigade 
returning to Gen. Atkinson. They struck the broad, fresh trail of the Indians 
and followed it witli tireless energy. Ever and anon they would find old men, 
women and children who could not keep up with the main body of the fleeing 
Indians, and had been left to their fate. Some of them were killed. One old 
man who had been left to die was found sitting against a tree, and was boldly 
shot and scalped by a surgeon, who afterward exhibited the scalp as a trophy of 
his valor. 

On the 21st of July, the pursuing forces arrived at the hills that skirt the 
left bank of the Wisconsin River, at a point nearly opposite Sauk Prairie, 
near the present village of Muscada, about fifty miles above ils mouth, and 
were brought in plain sight of Black Hawk's entire party, including their 
women and children. The Indians were in the bottom-lands, hastening to 
remove their people to an island in the river, to avoid a conflict in which they 
could not reasonably expect anything but destruction. But to cove^ the 
retreat of the women and children, the aged and infirm, it became necessary 
for Black Hawk to make as bold a stand as possible until this purpose was 
accomplished. 

The scouts who ware some distance in advance of the column of pursuit, 
came suddenly upon some Indians as they were descending the high grounds, 
and were instantly attacked and forced to fall back on the main body, which 
had already been formed for action. Col. Dodge occupied the front and 
received the first attack of the enemy. The main body, under Gen. Henry, 
soon joined Col. Dodge, .and in their united action a complete victory was 
obtained over the Indians. The battle commenced about 5 o'clock in the after- 
noon, and closed about sunset. The Indians were supposed to number from 
six to eight hundred, but Col. Patterson, of Oquawka, 111., who is the author 
of at life of Black Hawk and a history of the Black Hawk war, is authority 
for he statemsnt thic Black Hiwk told him that his forces at no time exceeded 
five hundred braves. A few of these were Winnebagoes. When he started up 
Rock River, he expected that his army would be re-enforced and doubled by 
Winnebagoes and Pottawatomies, but was disappointed in the latter, as not one 
of them joined him. The loss of the whites in this engagement was one 
killed and eight wounded. The Indian loss was estimated at about sixty killed 
and a great number wounded, many of whom died on the march to the Missis- 
sippi. The first Indian killed was one who was discovered with a pack of 



34-i HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

meat on his back. A soldier fired at him but missed his aim, when the Indian 
threAv down his gun and was bayoneted by Sample Journey after he surren- 
dered. 

'•At this battle,"' says Mr. Townsend, one of the participants, and now a 
resident of Warren Township, Jo Daviess Co., 111., ''the Indians were badly 
whipped by our troops, and worse-whipped by starvation." The fighting com- 
menced about the middle of the afternoon, but the hottest part of the battle was 
about sunset. 

The firing ceased about 10 o'clock at night, and the men bivouacked for 
rest on their arms. •' About daybreak the next morning," says Capt. D. S. 
Harris, of Galena, then a Lieutenant in command of Stephenson's Company, 
'' the camp was alarmed by the clarion voice of the Prophet, from a hill nearly 
a mile away. At first, we thought it was an alarm, but soon found that the 
Prophet wanted peace. Although he was so far distant, I could distinctly hear 
everv word, and I understood enousjh to know he did not want to fight. The 
interpreter reported that the Prophet said • they had their squaws and children 
with them, and that they were starving, that they did not want to fight any moi'e, 
and Avould do no more harm if they were allowed to cross the Mississippi in 
peace." " Mr. J. W. Pilcher, now of Elizabeth, Jo Daviess Co., who was also 
present, says " they were awakened by the shrill voice of the chief, and that he 
plainly understood ^ N'e-c-om, Pe-e-1-o-o-o — Friends, ive fight no more.' " Mr. 
Pilcher further adds, that he told Gen. Henry what the Indians said, and that 
that officer replied, " pay no attention to anything they say or do, but form in 
line of battle." The Winnebagoes in our camp also informed the officers of the 
meaning of the Prophet's message. ''Early in the morning,'' continues Mr. 
Pilcher, " the Winnebagoes went with us to the spot where the Indians stood 
when he proclaimed a desire for peace, and there we found a tomahawk buried, 
an emphatic declai'ation, that so far as Black Hawk and his band were concerned, 
hostilities were ended." No attention Avas given to this second attempt to ne- 
gotiate peace. It has been said that the officers had no interpreter, and did not 
know what the Prophet said until after the war closed. But this excuse is ex- 
ploded by the direct and emphatic testimony of Capt. Harris and Mr. Pilcher. 

The night after the battle at Wisconsin Heights, Black Hawk made his es- 
cape down the river with his remaining force and people. A dispatch was sent 
to the commandant at Fort Crawford (Prairie du Chien) to intercept them in 
their passage down the river. That officer captured several canoes containing 
women and children, but the Avarriors marched on foot along the banks of the 
river. Meanwhile, the forces under Gen. Atkinson and Col. Dodge had crossed 
to the north side of the Wisconsin, and discovered the trail of the Indians under 
the bluft's, which they followed till they reached the Mississippi, near the mouth 
of Bad Axe, on the first day of August. The great number of dead bodies and 
newly-made Indian graves which they discovered, told too plainly the losses and 
sufferings sustained by Black Hawk's people. 

A steamboat had been dispatched by Col. Loomis from Fort Crawford up 
the Mississippi, as far as Black River, Avhere a number of canoes were seized, 
which had been provided (as was believed) by the Winnebagoes to aid Black 
Hawk in his contemplated retreat across the Mississippi. The boat returned to 
the fort, and the next day a more serviceable one was sent up, and arrived at 
the mouth of Bad Axe soon after the battle commenced, and in time to par- 
ticipate in the last armed conflict of the Black Hawk war. 

About 2 o'clock on the morning of the ^d day of August, 1832, the forces 
under command of Gen. Atkinson and Col. Dodge took up their line of march 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 345 

for the field of the last and decisive battle, which terminated Black Hawk's 
career. Col. Dodge's command, supported by the regular troops under Col. 
Zachary Taylor, formed the advance. About sunrise, Capt. Dickson, who 
commanded the scouts, reported that he was up with the Indians, and asked for^ 
orders. Col. Dodge directed him to attack them at once, and, at the same time, 
moved rapidly forward with his own command, supported by the regulars under 
Col. Taylor. The Indians were attacked in front by fire from the steamboat, 
and on all sides and in the rear by an exasperated foe. Many of the women 
endeavored to escape by swimming the Mississippi with their children on their 
backs, and were drowned. Others succeeded in crossing, and were pursued and 
killed by a large body of Sioux on the opposite shore. The battle lasted about 
two hours, and was a complete slaughter and rout of the Indians. 

It is stated as a fact by old settlers, upon evideiice we have no reason to 
doubt, that when the Indians were swimming the river, the steamboat that was 
present at the battle was made to run among them, drowning the starved, 
fleeing creatures by scores. If this statement is true, it does not reflect any 
credit upon the civilization and Christianity of that day. 

Again we quote from Mr. Townsend : " For eight miles, we skirmished 
with their rear-guard, and numbers of squaws and children were killed. One 
squaw had fallen with a child strapped to her back, as Indian women always 
carry their children. The ball that found the mother's life had hit and broken 
her child's arm, and when the mother fell the child was fastened between her 
dead body and the ground. When the soldiers went to secure the child, it was 
making no moan, but was gnawing ravenously at a horse bone from which the 
flesh had nearly all been eaten away ; nor did the child make any moan 
while the surgeon was amputating the shattered limb. It sat and ate a hard 
cracker, Avith as much indifterence as if its arm had been made of wood or 
stone. The maimed papoose was taken to Prairie du Chien, where it fully 
recovered. 

After the battle at Bad Axe, Black Hawk fled to the Winnebago village at 
Prairie la Crosse for refuge. At the instance of the authorities in command at 
Fort Crawford, two Winnebago Indians, Decorah (the one-eyed) and Ch^ter, 
went to him with the message that, if he would come in and surrender to Gen. 
Street, Indian Agent at Prairie du Chien, he would be immediately released. 
It was reported that the fallen chief told them he knew they lied ; but that, for 
the sake of his wife and children, who were starving, he would go. On the 
27th of August, the messengers returned with Black Hawk and the Prophet, 
and delivered them to Gen. Street, to whom, it is reported, Black Hawk made the 
following speech. Referring to the late conflict, he said : 

My warriors fell arouud me. It. began to look dismal. I saw my evil day at hand. The 
sun rose clear on us in the morning ; at. night, it sank in a dark cloud, and looked like a ball of 
fire. This was the last sun that shone on Black Hawk. He is now a prisoner to the white man. But 
he can stand the torture. He is not afraid of death. He is no coward. Black Hawk is an 
Indian. He has done nothing of which an Indian need be ashamed. He has fought the battles 
of his country against the white man, who came year after year to cheat them and take away 
their lands. You know the cause of our making war. It is known to all white nien. They 
ought to be ashamed of it. The white men despise the Indians, and drive them from their 
homes. But the Indians are not deceitful. Indians do not steal. 

Black Hawk is satisfied. He will go to the world of spirits contented. He has done his duty. 
His Father will meet and reward him. 

The white niea do not scalp the heads, but they do worse — they poison the heart. It is not 
pure with them. His countrymen will not be scalped ; but they will, in a few years, become 
like the white man, so that you can not hurt them ; and there must be. as in the white settle- 
ments, as many officers as men, to lake care of them and keep them in order. Farewell to my 
nation ! Farewell to Black Hawk '. 



346 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Black Hawk and his two sons were held as prisoners of war. By the 
terms of the treaty made at Davenport in September, 1832, between Gen. 
Winfield Scott and Gov. Reynolds, of Illinois, on the part of the United 
States, and Keokuk and other chiefs, by which the Indians agreed to relinquish 
their right to the eastern slope of Iowa (commonly known as the Black Hawk 
Purchase), it was agreed that the captives should be held in confinement during 
the pleasure of the President, who referred the matter to Congress. At that 
time, Col. Zachary Taylor (afterward President), was in command at Fort 
Crawford, and the captives were placed in charge of the late rebel, Jeff 
Davis, then a Lieutenant in the regular army, to be taken to Jefferson Bar- 
racks, at St. Louis. They were afterward held at Fortress Monroe until June 
4, 1833, when President Jackson ordered their release from captivity and gave 
them in charge of Maj. Garland, to be taken on a grand tour through the 
country to exhibit to them the folly of ever renewing hostilities against the 
United States. They were told the people of the United States were as numer- 
ous as the leaves of the forest, and everywhere they went they attracted much 
attention. At this time, in 1833, Black Hawk was, according to his own state- 
ment, a man of about sixty-six years of age, though looking much younger. 
He was about five feet eight inches in height, sinewy, with a broad chest, the 
high cheek-bones of the Indian, high forehead and great penetrating black eyes, 
with the glance of an eagle, dignified and majestic manner, though mani- 
festly much depressed in spirits since his great misfortunes. 

The starving condition of his wife and children, more than any other cause, 
induced Black Hawk to surrender himself at Prairie du Chien. After his 
surrender, his wife and little son came south and stopped near St. Francisville, 
Mo., where she was a frequent visitor at the house of Jere Wayland, one of 
the " old settlers " in that neighborhood. Wayland, always one of nature's 
noblemen, fully sympathized with her in her misfortunes. She brooded sorrow- 
fully over the absence of her lord, and often declared she never expected him 
to return; but Wayland kept up her courage with the assurance that he would 
return in good time. When at last he did return, she was filled with joy, and 
his arrival was made an occasion for a great feast, at which Black Hawk. Keo- 
kuk and their families were all present. 

After his return from captivity, Black Hawk lived among his people on the 
Iowa River until that Reservation was sold in 1836, when, with the rest of the 
Sacs and Foxes, he removed to the Des Moines, where he remained until his 
death, on the 3d day of October, 1838. His burial-place was near a large 
spring, not far from the residence of James Jordan, an old Indian trader, near 
the village of Ashland (nowEldon), at the crossing of the C, R. I. & P. R. R. 
His burial place is thus described in a letter published in the Hawk-Eye, in Oc- 
tober, 1843: " It is constructed after the Indian mode of burial, by building 
a pen of round poles about ten feet long, and three feet wide, and about as 
high as a man's shoulders when sitting on the ground. 

"In the west end of this pen, the mighty Black Hawk was placed in a sitting 
posture, with his face toward the rising sun; his gun, tomahawk and blanket 
were placed at his side, and the pen covered over, leaving the head and neck 
above, and exposed to the weather. His face was painted red and striped off 
with blnck, just as a living young Indian dandy paints when he goes a courting. 
thus conveying the idea to the living Indians, that their great chief had 
gone a courting to another world, where, should he receive the favor of 
the Great Spirit, he would be united to some squaw, Avho had passed the bounds 
of immortality and that there they would be forever in the green hunting- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 347 

grounds, where deer and elk abound, and no white man could come to molest 
them." 

The writer of the above description of Black Hawk's burial ought to have 
added that the old chieftain was buried in a swallow-tailed coat made from bluer 
broad cloth, which was elaborately decorated with brass buttons, epaulets, etc. 
After the " pen " was completed, a plug hat, adorned with a broad red-ribbon, 
was placed upon his head, and thus was left all that was mortal of the once 
powerful and warlike chieftain. 

During the administration of Robert Lucas, as Governor of Iowa Territory, 
a vandal doctor from Quincy, 111., invaded the burying-place and carried away the 
old chieftain's remains. Gov. Lucas issued a requisition on the Governor of 
Illinois for the arrest of the grave-robber and the recovery of the bones, and 
they were surrendered as a skeleton, and tendered to his people, but with Indian 
superstition and indifference, they never appeared to claim them, and they were 
deposited for safe-keeping in the Territorial museum at the Capitol in Burling- 
ton. A fire destroyed the building and its contents, and with them was 
destroyed all that was mortal of the great Sac chieftain. 

Between the time of his release from captivity and his death. Black Hawk 
was a frequent visitor to Fort Madison. Keokuk and other parts of the county, 
and surviving settlers of that period tell many anecdotes of his character and 
presence. He was a warm personal friend of Isaac R. Campbell, and often 
expressed his regrets that he had not taken Mr. Campbell's advice and refrained 
from his visit to Illinois, in the spring of 1832, On one of his visits to Mr. 
Campbell's place, he presented that venerable pioneer and excellent citizen with 
his favorite hunting-gun as an earnest of his friendship and a token that he 
would never again go to war against the whites. The gun is now in the pos- 
session of Capt. James W. Campbell, of Fort Madison. 

Vale, Black Hawk. 



THE BLACK HAWK PURCHASE. 

The last battle of the Black Hawk war was fought at the mouth of Bad Axe 
River. Wis., on the 2d day of August, 1832. On the 21st day of September 
following. Gen. Winfield Scott and Gov. Reynolds, of Illinois, representing the 
United States, concluded a treaty at the present site of the City of Davenport, 
on the grounds now occupied by the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad 
Depot, with the confederate tribes of Sac and Fox Indians, by which the Indian 
title was extinguished to that portion of Iowa known as the "Black Hawk 
Purchase." This was a strip of land on the west bank of the Mississippi 
River, the western boundary of which commenced at the southeast corner of the 
present county of Davis ; thence to a point on Cedar River, near the northeast 
corner of Johnson County ; thence northwest to the neutral grounds of the 
Winnebagoes ; thence to the Mississippi River, at the mouth of the Little Iowa 
River, opposite the mouth of Bad Axe River, where the last battle of the 
Black Hawk war was fought. These boundaries included about six million 
acres of land. The treaty was ratified and confirmed on the 13th of February, 
1833. The terms of the treaty allowed the Indians to remain in undisturbed 
possession of the lands until the first of June, 1833. 

OTHER PURCHASES. 

• In 1836, Keokuk, for himself and immediate adherents, ceded his reserve 
from the Black Hawk Purchase of 1832 to the United States. As he and his 



348 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

followers disappeared iu the west, "squatters" appeared on the east. On the 
21st of October, 1837, a treaty was made at the city of Washington, between 
Gary A. Smith, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and the confederate tribes of 
Sacs and Foxes, which was ratified on the 21st of February, 1838, by which 
1.250,000 acres were added to the tract of land conveyed by them to the 
United States on the 21st of September, 1832. This strip of land adjoined 
the Black Hawk Purchase on the west, was of the same length, twenty-five 
miles in the center, and tapered oft' to a point at both ends. 



LAST DAYS OF THE INDIANS. 

PERSONAL SKETCHES, CHARACTERISTICS, ETC. 

A history of the last days of the Sac and Fox Indians, the immediate pred- 
ecessors of the white occupants of the eastern slope of Iowa, is as much a part 
of the history of the county under consideration as are the incidents that have 
occurred since they gave way before the advancement of enlightened civilization. 
These sketches will necessarily extend to and include the area of several of the 
adjacent counties, but they will preserve to the present and future generations 
a. record of aboriginal events that were familiar to the men and women who 
pioneered the way to the fertile prairies of the Black Hawk Purchase, and 
almost kindled their camp-fires from the smoldering embers left by the Indians 
when they turned their backs upon the lands that had been theirs for genera- 
tions agone. 

Human improvement, rushing through civilization, crushes in its march all 
who cannot grapple to its car. This law is as inexorable as Fate. " You colo- 
nize the lands of the savage with the Anglo-Saxon,'' says Stephen Montague; 
" you civilize that portion of the earth ; but is the savage civilized ? He is 
exterminated ! You accumulate machinery, you increase the total of wealth ; 
but what becomes of the labor you displace ? One generation is sacrificed to 
the next. You diff'use knowledge, and the world seems to grow brighter ; but 
Discontent at Poverty replaces Ignorance happy with its crust. Every Improve- 
ment, every advancement in civilization, injures some to benefit others, and 
either cherishes the want of to-day or prepares the revolution of to-morrow." 

It is only yesterday, as it were, since the prairies and grove-covered hillsides 
of Eastern Iowa, now so full of happy homes and agricultural and mechanical 
industry, re-echoed the mournful dirge of the departing red men. The years 
are comparatively few in number since the sorrowful cortege passed slowly 
toward the setting sun, leaving behind the noble dead, sleeping in the cold 
embrace of the grim monarch, by the side of their beloved white father ; leaving 
the homes they had been taught to claim as their own ; leaving all, even hope, 
behind. There still live, in different parts of the country, many persons who 
beheld the strange sight of a remnant of a race departing forever from the 
scenes of their early life, and such will doubtless be disposed to sneer at the pen 
which finds a source of sadness in the contemplation of this event. But worthy 
hands have written lines of living power upon the theme, nor can the harsh 
character of the fact denude the subject of a glamour which poetry and romance 
have cast around the dusky subject and his fate. There is a grandeur in the 
record of the race which the stern force of truth is powerless to dispel. 

Those men who were compelled to meet the groveling band which had sur- 
vived the first shock of defeat, saw only the ruin which the strong had wrought 
upon the weak. The native power had fled: a subjugated race was subsisting 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 349 

in its helplessness upon the bounty of its conquerors. There was no spot on 
earth left for them. Foot by foot their mighty possessions were taken from 
them, not in the din and whirl of battle, but by the humiliating processes of 
peace. Here, at last, they stood with bowed heads, meekly awaiting the decree 
which should compel them to resume their endless march. Behind them was 
the tradition of their strength ; before them, annihilation of their clans. Even 
their warlike instincts were dwarfed in the presence of their masters. Had 
thej disputed titles with the whites, the memories clustering about them now 
would be far different. But that resort to arms, that defiant struggle to the 
end, that disappearance in dramatic terror — all was denied them. Had they been 
other in nature than they were, this placid surrender to fate would seem less 
pitiful. Once fierce and bloody, then subdued, their stolid acceptance of des- 
tiny carried with it a mournful air that will be breathed through history's 
pages while our race shall live. 

The Indian is the embodiment of the dramatic, and when the curtain is 
rung down upon a scene so spiritless and tame as this of which we write, the 
admiration which is his due is turned to pity. The actual spectators of the 
drama find it impossible to forget the sordid character of the players, it is true; 
but at so short a remove of time as this which has already elapsed since this 
country was the theater of the play, a shade of romance is imparted and the 
events become absorbing in their interest. 

In the State history which precedes this department of the work, an 
extended histoiy of the several tribes is given. It is the purpose of this chap- 
ter to take up the thread of narrative at the point where this immediate section 
becomes the scene of action, extending backward far enough to merely gather 
the scattered ends. 

The facts herein presented are mainly obtained from a series of papers pre- 
pared by the late Maj. John Beach, son-in-law of the original Indian Agent, 
Gen. Street, and who, in turn, was Agent after the death of the General, in 
1840. These papers were prepared in the summer of 1874, and were pub- 
lished in the Agency Independent. Maj. Beach died on the 2d of September, 
1874, before the series Avas published in full. That such forethought was man- 
ifested by him, is a matter of congratulation among all who are interested in 
this country. It is to be regretted, however, that the Major did not prepare a 
still more elaborate history of the tribes he was so long associated with. While 
we do not consider it essential to preserve, in exact form, the series of articles 
alluded to, we have carefully extracted all salient points, and have added to 
them much more information, obtained from those conversant with the matter. 

BLACK HAWK AND KIS AVIFE. 

In his old age, Black Hawk sought the companionship of the garrison ; his 
band was broken up, and the once great chief was left alone in his declining 
years. Maj. Beach relates the following incident, derived from personal ob- 
servation : 

"• Black HaAvk's lodge Avas always th,e perfection of cleanliness, a quite 
unusual thing for an Indian. The writer has seen the old woman busily at Avork 
with her broom, by the time of sunrise, sweeping doAvn the little ant-hills in 
the yard that had been throAvn up during the night. As the chiefs of the nation 
seemed to pay him but little attention in the waning years of his life. Gen. 
Street, the Agent, looked out for his comfort more carefully than otherwise he 
would have thought it needful to do, and, among other things, gave him a cow 
— an appendage to an Indian's domestic establishment hitherto unheard of. 



350 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

The old squaw and daughter were instructed in the art of milking her, and she 
was held among them in almost as great reverence as the sacred ox Apis was 
held among the ancient Egyptians. 

" This was in the summer of 1838, when the Agency (after which Agency 
City was named) was in process of erection, and Black Hawk had established 
his lodge on the banks of the Des Moines, about three miles below Eldon. 
Close by was the trading-house of Wharton McPherson, with whom the writer 
stayed one night in August of that year (1838), and as he rode past the lodge 
Mme. Black Hawk was complacently sitting upon a log by the side of her cow, 
under a heavily-shaded tree, industriously brushing the flies and mosquitoes 
from the bovine with a rag tied to the end of a stick. Mr. McPherson said this 
was her daily occupation in fly-time, often following the animal around as it 
grazed at a distance. This was the last interview the writer had with 
Black Hawk, as he died within two months of that time (October 3, 1838"), 
and was even then so infirm that he could barely move about his wigwam. 

WAPELLO AND OTHER CHIEFS. 

Wapello, the chief after whom Wapello County and the county seat of 
Louisa County were named, was a powerful ruler among his people, but was a 
fast friend of the whites, especially of the first Indian Agent, Gen. Street. 
Incidents illustrative of his character are dispersed through the following pages. 
He died in 1841, and was buried by the side of his friend, the General, on the 
Agency Farm. His grave was recently cared for by the managers of the Chi- 
cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, which passes near by, and is now in a 
condition to withstand the shocks of time for years to come. 

Poweshiek, a chief co-equal with Wapello, but of the Foxes, while the latter 
was of the Sac tribe, was located on the reserve on the Iowa River, and does 
not figure in this history. He died before the Indians left the State, and thus 
escaped the humiliation of the scene. 

Keokuk, the grand sachem, was a man of tall,- commanding presence, 
straight as an arrow, and, when aroused, could make an eloquent speech to his 
tribe. He was selected by the United States Government to distribute the 
annuities to the Sacs and Foxes — not only for his energies when opposed to the 
nation in battle, but for his influence among the red men everywhere. But he 
Avas avaricious and intemperate, putting any amount of whisky under his 
royal toga, and stealing from his red brothers the hard silver so kindly given 
them by the Great Father at Washington. He had a chronic quarrel with 
Hardfish's band, that lived in Kishkekosh, near Eddyville, and, receiving a 
severe wound from one of this tribe. 

From a sketch of Keokuk, published in the Annals of Iowa, 1865, by 
Uriah Biggs, one of the pioneers of Ottumwa, the following interesting ex- 
tracts are made : 

" Keokuk is deserving of a prominent page in the history of the country, 
and a truthful history of his life would be read and cherished as a memento of 
one of nature's noblemen. As an orator, he was entitled to a rank with the 
most gifted of his race. , In person, he was tall and of portly bearing, and in 
his public speeches he displayed a commanding attitude and graceful gestures. 
He spoke rapidly, but his enunciation was clear and distinct and very forcible, 
culling his figures from the stores of nature, and basing his arguments in skill- 
ful logic. He maintained in good faith the stipulations of treaties with the 
United States and with the neighboring tribes. He loved peace and the social 
amenities of life, and was fond of displaying these agreeable traits of character 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 351 

in ceremonious visits to neighboring chiefs, in which he observed the most 
punctilious etiquette and dignified decorum. He possessed a ready insight into 
the motives of others, and was not easily misled by sophistry or beguiled by 
flattery ; and in the field of wit he was no mean champion. It is not my par- 
pose to write a history of his life, but I will give one anecdote in illustration of 
these traits of his character. 

" While residing near Ottumwah-noc, he received a message from the Mor- 
mon Prophet, Joe Smith, inviting Keokuk, as King of the Sacs and Foxes, to a 
royal conference at his palace at Nauvoo. on matters of the highest importance 
to their respective people. The invitation was readily accepted, and a train of 
ponies was soon winding its way to the Mormon city, bearing Keokuk and his 
suite in stately procession and savage pomp. 

'' Notice had circulated through the country of this diplomatic interview, 
and a number of spectators attended to witness the denouement. The audience 
was given publicly in the Mormon temple, and the respective chiefs were 
attended by their suites, the Prophet by the dignitaries of the Mormon Church, 
and the Indian potentate by the high civil and military functionaries of his 
tribe, and the Gentiles were comfortibly seated as auditors. 

" The Prophet opened the conference in a set speech of considerable length, 
giving Keokuk a brief history of the children of Israel, as detailed in the Bible, 
and dwelt forcibly upon the story of the lost tribes, and of the direct revelation 
he had received from a divine source, that the North American Indians were 
these identical lost tribes, and that he, the prophet of God, held a divine com- 
mission to gather them together and to lead them to a land ' flowing with milk 
and honey.' After the prophet closed this harangue, Keokuk 'waited for the 
words of his pale-faced brother to sink deep into his mind,' and, in making his 
reply, assumed the gravest attitude and most dignified demeanor. He would 
not controvert anything his brother had said about the lost and scattered condi- 
tion of his race and people, and if his brother was commissioned by the Great 
Spirit to collect them together and lead them to a new country, it was his duty 
to do so. But he wished to inquire about some particulars his brother had not 
named, that were of the highest importance to him and his people. The red 
men were not much used to milk, and he thought that they would prefer streams 
of water, and in the country where they now were there was a good supply of 
honey. The points they wished to inquire into were whether the new 
government would pay large annuities, and whether there was plenty of whisky. 
Joe Smith saw at once that he had met his match, and that Keokuk was not the 
proper material with which to increase his army of dupes, and closed the. con- 
ference in as amiable a manner as possible. 

" He was gifted by nature with the elements of an orator in an eminent 
degree, and as such is entitled to rank with Logan, Red Jacket and Tecumseh ; 
but unfortunately for his fame among the white people and with posterity, he 
was never able to obtain an interpreter who could claim even a slight acquaint- 
ance with philosophy. With one exception only, his interpreters were unac- 
quainted even with the elements of their mother-tongue. Of this serious 
hindrance to his fame Keokuk was well aware, and retained Frank Labashure, 
who had received a rudimental education in the French and English languages, 
until the latter broke down by dissipation and died. But during the meridian 
of his career among the white people, he was compelled to submit his speeches 
for translation to uneducated men, whose range of thought fell below the flights 
of a gifted mind, and the fine imagery, drawn from nature, was beyond their 
powers of reproduction. He had sufficient knowledge of the English tongue 



352 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

to make him sensible of this bad rendering of his thoughts, and often a feeling 
of mortification at the bungling eftbrts was depicted upon his countenance while 
he was speaking. The proper place to form a due estimate of his ability as an 
orator was in the Indian council, where he addressed himself exclusively to 
those who understood his language, and where the electric effects of his elo- 
(juence could be plainly noted upon his audience. It was credibly asserted that 
by the force of his logic he had changed the vote of a council against the 
strongly predetermined opinions of its members. A striking instance of the 
influence of his eloquence is related as occurring while the forces under Black 
Hawk were invading Illinois, in 1832. 

** Keokuk knew from the first that this reckless war would result in great 
disaster to the tribe, and used all diligence to dissuade warriors from following 
Black Hawk, and succeeded in retaining a majority with him at his town on 
the Iowa River. But after Stillman's defeat, in what is now Ogle County, 111., 
the war spirit raged with such ardor that a war-dance was held, and Keokuk 
took part in it, seeming to be moved with the eurreirt of the rising storm, and, 
when the dance Avas over, he called a council to prepare for war. In his address 
he admitted the justice of his complaints against the white man, and to seek 
redress was a noble aspiration of their natures. The blood of their brethren 
had been shed by the white man, and the spirits of their biaves slain in battle 
called loudly for vengeance. ' I am your chief,' he said, • and it is my duty to 
lead you to battle, if, after fully considering the matter, you are determined to 
go. But, before you take this important step, it is wise to inquire into the 
chances for success.' He then represented to them the great power of the 
United States, against whom they would have to contend — that their chance of 
success was utterly hopeless. ' But if you now determine to go upon the war, 
path, I will agree to lead you, upon one condition — that before we go we kill 
all our old men and our wives and children to save them from a lingering death 
by starvation, and that every one of us determines to leave his bones on the 
other side of the Mississippi." 

•• This was a strong and truthful picture of the project before them, and was 
presented in such a forcible light as to cool their ardor and to cause them to 
abandon their rash undertaking. Many other incidents are related of his elo- 
quence and tact in allaying arising storm, fraught with war and bloodshed, not 
only in his own tribe, bnt also among neighboring tribes, where his people had 
been the aggressors. Some of these incidents have been preserved by writers 
on Indian research, but many will be lost to history. He delivered a eulogy 
upon Gen. Harrison, at the Sac and Fox Agency, which was interpreted by Mr. 
Antoine Le Claire, and considered by many who heard its delivery as one of 
his best efforts. This speech, however, was not written down, and is lost to 
history, but enough of the incidents of his career as an orator have been saved 
from the wreck of time to stamp his reputation for natural abilities of the 
highest order, and furnish another positive refutation of Buffon's theory on the 
deterioration of men and animals on the American continent. 

" We have thus for portrayed the bright side of Keokuk's character ; but 
like most, if not all, great intellects, there is a dark background which the 
truth of history demands shall be brought to view. His traits of character, 
thus far sketched, may not inaptly be compared with the great Grecian orator : 
but here the similitude ends. The great blot on Keokuk's life was his inordi- 
nate love of money, and tOAvard its close, he became a contirmed inebriate. His 
withering reply to the Mormon prophet was intended by him as a pure stroke 
of wit: it, nevertheless, expressed his ruling passions. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 863 

" A bitter and incurable feud existed in the tribe during their time of res- 
idence on the Des Moines River, between what was denominated 'Keokuk's 
band' and • Bhick Hawk's band," the hitter recognizing Hardfish as their 
leader. Their distrust and, indeed, hatred were smothered in their common' 
intercourse Avhen sober ; but when their blood was fired with whisky, it some- 
times assumed a tragic feature amongst the leaders of the respective bands. An 
instance of this character occurred on the lower part of the Des Moines, on a 
return of a partv making a visit to the ' half-breeds " at the town of Keokuk, 
on the INlississippi. In a quarrel, excited by whisky, Keokuk received a dan- 
gerous stab in the breast from a son of Black Hawk. The writer of the pres- 
ent sketch saw him conveyed by his friends homeward, lying in a canoe, unable 
to rise. 

''Hardfish and his coadjutors lost no occasion to find fault with Keokuk's 
administration. The payments were made in silver coin, put up in boxes, con- 
taining $oOO each, and passed into Keokuk's hands for distribution. The sev- 
eral traders received each his quota according to their several demands against 
the tribes admitted by Keokuk, Avhich invariably consumed the far greater por- 
tion of the amount received. The remainder was turned over to the chiefs 
and distributed among their respective bands. Great complaints were made of 
these allowances to the traders on the ground of exorbitant prices charged on ' 
the goods actually furnished, and it was alleged that some of these accounts 
were spurious. In confirmation of this last charge, over and above the charac- 
ter of the items exhibited in these accounts, an afiidavit was filed with Gov. 
Lucas by an individual, to which the Governor gave credence, setting forth that 
Keokuk had proposed to the maker of the afiidavit to prefer a purely fictitious 
account against the tribe for the sum of |10,000, and he would admit its cor- 
rectness, and when paid, the money should be divided among themselves, share 
and share alike. To swell the trader's bills, items were introduced of a char- 
acter that showed fraud upon their fiice, such as a large number of ' blanket- 
coats,' articles which the Indians never wore, and ' telescopes,' of the use of 
which they had no knowledge. This showed the reckless manner in which these- 
bills Avere swollen to the exorbitant amounts complained of, in which Keokuk 
was openly charged with being in league with the traders to defraud Hardfish 's 
band. At this time, the nation numbered about 2,300 souls, and only about 
one-third of the whole number belonojed to Keokuk's party. Gov. Lucas 
warmly espoused the popular side in the controversy that arose in relation to 
the mode and manner of making the annual payment, and the matter A\as re- 
ferred to the Indian Bureau, and the mode was changed, so that payments were 
made to the heads of families, approximating a per-capita distribution. This 
method of making the payments met the unqualified disapprobation of the 
traders, and after one year's trial, fell back into the old channel. Keokuk led 
his tribe west to the Kansas country in 1845, where he died, three years after- 
ward. The Keokuk 2ie(/ister of June 15, 1848, contained the following notice 
of his death, with some additional sketches of his life : 

" 'The St. Louis New Era announces the death of this celebrated Indian^ 
chief. Poison was administered to him by one of the tribe, from the effects of 
which he died. The Indian was apprehended, confessed his guilt and was 
shot. 

"'The oratorical powers and diplomatic skill of Keokuk ranked him as no 
ordinary man. When sent as a deputy by his tribe to confer with the Govern- 
ment at Washington, his speech at the time was considered as one of the first 
efforts of declamation. As a speaker, he perhaps ranked first among the tribe. 



354 HISTORY OP LEE COUNTY. 

As a good man and a warrior, he was considered much inferior to Black 
Hawk. His success, as well as his reputation, was based upon the words 
of honey that dropped from his lips, enriched by the dignity of his manner 
and the splendor of his gesticulation, supported by arts of the profoundest dis- 
simulation. It was these, which, by the treaty of peace, placed him chief for 
life over his tribe, and gave him the control of the annuities due the heads of 
families. Profligate, fond of regal splendor, unscrupulously dishonest, he lav- 
ished with reckless profusion the moneys of which, as chief of his tribe, by the 
principles of the Christian and the savage, he should have been scrupulously 
exact in the distribution. The consequence was that many, by his excesses, 
were reduced to pressing want, and, according to the treaty of peace, without the 
privilege of deposing him. For these causes his life had been threatened sev- 
eral times, and the sword suspended by a single hair, fell probably, when least 
expected. 

' " Keokuk leaves a son of some prominence, but there is little probability of 
his succeding to the same station, as he is looked upon by the tribe as inheriting 
the disposition and principles of his father.' 

Appanoose, Pashapaho, Hardfish and Kishkekosh all play conspicuous parts 
in the drama. An anecdote or two of the last named will serve as an illustra- 
tion of the nature of the men. Kishkekosh did not rank equal to Appanoose, 
Pashapaho or Hardfish, but he seems to have held a prominent place in councils 
because of his native talents. 

George Washington Kishkekosh (whose last name means cut teeth, or savage 
biter) was a subchief, and had accompanied Black Hawk, as one of his suite of 
braves, during the tour of that renowned chief through the East as a prisoner 
of war. With his leaders, he had been hospitably entertained at hotels and other 
places, and had a high appreciation of the sumptuous and cleanly-looking fare 
that was set before them. How he was enabled, after such an experience, to 
return with a good stomach to the frugal diet and indiiferent cooking of his own 
people, we are left to conjecture. At all events, he retained his partiality for 
clean victuals, and was even overfastidious in this respect, as the following 
instance will show: 

One night, he, with his company of three or four braves, slept at the house 
of a white man with whom he was on very friendly terms, and were to remain 
at breakfast. Kish had an eye on the preparations for this meal, and observed 
one neglect that his tender stomach rebelled against. The lady of the house 
(it is possible she did it intentionally, for she was not a willing entertainer of 
her savage guests), neglected to wash her hands before making up the bread. 
Kish, thought he would rather do without his breakfast than eat after such cook- 
ing, a^ privately signified as much to his followers, whereupon they mounted 
their ponies and left, much to the relief of their hostess. Arrived at a house 
some distance from the one they had left, they got their breakfast and related 
the circumstance. 

These people, though generally accustomed and limited to the poorest fare, 
were not averse to the best that could be provided, and made themselves glut- 
tons whenever they could get enough of it. Like the wolf, they were capable 
of a long fast, and then would gorge themselves at a plenteous feast, even to 
stupidity. 

On another occasion, Kishkekosh and his suite, consisting of several prom- 
inent personages of the tribe, being then encamped on Skunk River, in Jasper 
County, went to the house of a Mr. Mikesell, on a friendly visit, and he treated 
them to a feast. Besides Kish and his wife, who was a very ladylike person, 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 357 

this party consisted of his mother ; Wykoma, the son of Wapello, and his two 
wives (for polygamy was not an uncommon practice with these people) ; Masha 
Wapetine, his wife, and all their children. The old woman, on being asked 
how old she was, replied: " Mack-ware-renaak-we-kauk " (may be a hundred), 
and indeed her bowed form and hideously-shriveled features would justify the 
belief that she was fully that old. The whole party were dressed in more than 
usually becoming style, probably out of respect for their hostess, who. knowing 
something of their voracious appetites, had made ample preparations for them. 
When the table was surrounded, Kish, who had learned some good manners, as 
well as acquired cleanly taste, essayed to perform the etiquette of the occasion 
before eating anything himself. With an amusiugly awkward imitation of 
what he had seen done among the whites, he passed the various dishes to the 
others, showing the ladies special attention, and helped them to a part of every- 
thing on the table with much apparent disinterestedness. But when he came 
to help himself his politeness assumed the Indian phase altogether. He ate like 
a person with a bottomless pit inside of him for a stomach, taking everything 
within his reach, without regard to what shouid come first or last in the course, 
so only that he liked the taste of it. At length, after having drank five or six 
€ups of coftee, and eaten a proportionate amount of solid foods, his gastronomic 
energy began to abate. Seeing this, his host approached him, and, with 
apparent concern for his want of appetite, said, " Why, Kish, do you not eat 
your dinner? Have another cup of coffee, and eat something." In reply to 
this hospitable urgency, Kish leaned back in his seat, lazily shook his head and 
drew his finger across his throat under his chin, to indicate how full he was. 
And" then, in further explanation of his satisfied condition, he opened his huge 
mouth and thrust his finger down his throat as far as he dared, as much as to 
say he could almost touch the victuals. Of course the others had eaten in like 
proportion, making the most of a'h event that did not happen every day. 

Kishkekosh seems to have had in him the elements of civilization, which 
needed but opportunity to spring up and bear pretty fair fruit. Not only did 
he become fastidious as to cleanliness, but he observed and imitated other usages 
among the whites, even more. radically different from those of his savage people. 
It is well known that among the Indians, as well as among all unenlightened 
races, the Avomen are, in a manner, the slaves of the other sex. They are made 
to do all the drudgery of the camp, cultivate the corn, bring in the game after 
the hunter has had the sport of slaughtering it, no matter how fiir away he may 
be. he being either too lazy or feeling it beneath his dignity to bear the burden. 
They procure all the fuel to cook with, catch the ponies for their masters to 
ride, pack up their tents and household goods, when preparing to move, and set 
them up when they again come to a halt in their wanderings. Kishkekosh 
had noticed the different fashion of the white settlers in regard to their women, 
and had, moreover, been reasoned with by them like an intelligent being, and 
he was very ready to admit the force of their arguments. He made an effort 
to institute reform among his people by having the men do a fair share of the 
Avork that, according to the ordniary usage, fell to the squaws. He set them 
an example by taking hold heartily himself, and, though it is not probable that 
any very extended reformation took place, owing to the long-continued laziness 
of the men, and the deeply-rooted belief that their province was alone that of 
the hunter or warior, yet the movement itself indicates a capacity in this savage 
chief for progress and enlightenment. 

The Indians in this region, as far back as 184I-4'2, had a novel way of 
<lealing with drunken people. After the Black Hawk war, they chose rather to 



358 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

live upon the annuities granted them by the Government, than upon the prod- 
ucts of the chase, as they had hitherto been forced to do ; and as this gave 
them a good deal of leisure, they spent most of their time in drunken orgies, 
■wliich proved a great mortality to the tribes, since many accidents happened to 
life and limb from that cause. It Avas therefore a custom for a fcAV of the red 
men and the squaws to keep order, so that when the inebriates got too -wild 
there would be some one to keep a restraining intiuence upon them ? When a 
poor wight became unsafely drunk, he Avas tied neck and heels, so that he 
could be rolled about like a ball, which operation was kept up, despite his 
pleadings, until tlic fumes of liquor had vanished, when he was released. 
The sufterer would bog for mercy, but to no avail ; and after he was sobered 
he showed no resentment, but seemed to recognize the Avisdom of the pro- 

ceedinc];. 

ANECDOTE OF PASHAPAHO. 

The folloAving anecdote of Pashapaho is worth preserving. Maj. Beach 
relates the incident as coming under his oavu personal knowledge : 

" A plan Avas laid to attack Fort Madison, then a United States gar- 
rison. Pashapaho. then a noted Avar-cliief of the Sacs, and Avho, in after 
times,* Avas a fast friend of the Avriter. especially if a ' wee drop ' ever 
lingered in the bottom of the decanter, was the projector of this scheme. But 
the treachery of asquaAv brought it to grief, and the savages, on their pretended 
friendly approach, Avere confronted with all the grim paraphernalia of Avar ready 
for their reception. The plan was, under the pretense of a council with the com- 
mandant, to gain entrance Avith arms concealed beneath their blankets and 
robes : but as they advanced in a body tOAvard the closed gate, it suddenly 
opened to reveal a cannon in the passage-way, and the gunner, Avith his lighted 
port-fire, Avhile just in the rear the troops Avere draAvn up in battle array. ' Old 
Pash," like many a less Avise man before and since, deemed discretion the better 
part of valor. 

'' Several years later than the defeated plot against Fort Madison, the writer 
being at the time stationed at Fort Armstrong, on Rock Island, Pashapaho — 
called also the 'Stabbing Chief" — made an attempt to eftect a lodgment in 
that garrison, though upon a difterent principle. During the previous year, 
some of the braves of his tribe being out on the prairie on a hunting expedi- 
tion, fell in Avith a party of their long-time enemies, the Sioux, and, liaving the 
adA^antage, the encounter resulted in the losing, by the last-named, of a fcAv of 
their scalps. Complaint was made to the Department at Washington, and orders 
were sent to Rock Island to demand of the chiefs the culprits and to hold them 
prisoners in the fort. This was done. They were brought into the fort and 
surrendered, and throughout a Avinter, say some five months, they enjoyed Un- 
cle Sam's hospitality in the shape of good quarters and plenty to eat. with no 
trouble in providing it. In fact; they lived in an Indian's heaven, until 
released through some arrangement whereby satisfiictory blood-money Avas to be 
taken from tlie annuities of their tribes and paid over to the Sioux. Well, the 
next fall ' C>ld Pash,' probably not finding his larder as Avell stocked for the 
Avinter as our modern publicans alAA-ays advertise theirs to be, ' Avith the best the 
market aft'ords.' conceived the brilliant idea of imposing himself as a guest, 
indirectly, upon his Great Father, tlie President. So, calling one day upon 
Col. Davenport, the commandant, he informed him that, being recently out upon 
a hunt, he had the misfortune to meet one of his traditional foes, a Sioux, and 
the morbid impulse to '' lift his hair ' entirely overcame the kinder sentiments 
of his naturally humane character, so that he yielded to it. But he knew that 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. .859 

lie had done wrong, and that the best of his friends, the Great Father, whom 
he held in great esteem and affection, would hear of it, and be very angry, and, 
therefore, to save him the additional vexation of having to send out a letter de- 
manding his arrest, he had, at once, voluntarily come in to make confession and 
surrender himself. Col. Davenport, who saw pretty well into the scheme, 
lauded him as a most honorable Indian, and told him that he was satisfied that 
his oifer of surrender was sufficient evidence that he would return whenever 
sent for, therefore he would not consent to make him a prisoner a day earlier 
than could be avoided. No more was ever heard of it." 

MISCELLANEOUS PLEASANTRIES, ETC. ' 

(From Maj. Beach's History of the Agency.) 

" The war of 1882 resulted in a treaty which left the Indians no further 
claim to any territory east of the Mississippi, and, a latter treaty in 1837, 
obtained for the United States the cession of the beautiful and fertile belt of 
Eastern Iowa, that extends, in our neighborhood, to within a mile or two of 
Batavia, and crosses the Des Moines River, at its boundary, at lowaville. 
There was a reservation left for the Poweshiek band of Foxes on or near the 
Iowa River, the purchase of which was the object of a treaty held in the fall of 
1836, on a spot now within the city of Davenport, but then belonging to the 
famous half-blood, Leclaire. Iowa was then attached, for Government purposes, 
to Wisconsin, and its Governor, the late Henry Dodge, was the Commissioner 
to negotiate the treaty, and the late Gov. Grimes, then a new settler, was the 
Secretary. This treaty is referred to for the sake of an incident which shows 
that, whether common or not to the ' Lo ' family in general, the Sacs and Foxes, 
at least, possessed an honorable side to their character. 

" The country around was already densely settled, and the Indians could 
easily have procured an unlimited supply of whisky. Gov. Dodge, in his 
opening speech at the preliminary council, impressed upon them the importance 
and necessity of strict sobriety during the negotiations, and expressed his hope 
that his advice would be heeded. Keokuk and the other chiefs, in reply, said 
their father's talk about the fire-water was good, and gave their word that none 
of it should be allowed among them during the proceedings. Immediately the 
council closed, they appointed a sufficient guard or police of the most reliable 
braves, to prevent the introduction or use of liquor, at whatever cost. In fixct, 
the very bluest blood of the tribes was selected for the duty, and each one 
instructed to carry a designated badge of his authority. 

"Before the conclusion of the treaty, a Sunday intervened, and nearly all 
the Indians came over to Rock Island to the trading-house. Meanwhile, a 
steamboat came along and tied up there at the bank. The boat was crowded 
with passengers, who were excited at the view of so many savages, and Black 
Hawk, who was conspicuous, was soon recognized and became the object of chief 
interest. A passenger came ashore, took him by the hand a^d led him on board, 
his wish being to invite him to a friendly glass at the bar. But Black Hawk, 
whether influenced by a sense of personal honor or the presence of the police, 
would not go there, and soon returned to the shore. Next, the boat began to 
push off, and Black Hawk's new friend, anxious not to be disappointed of his 
kind design, had already procured a bottle filled with liquor and stood reaching 
it out from the guards of the boat. At the last instant, one of the Indian 
police, with quiet and courteous dignity, took the bottle, and a smile of satis- 
faction diffused itself over the donor's face, which soon changed to a very differ- 
ent cast of countenance, for instantly the young brave hurled the bottle upon 



360 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

the rock at liis feet, and dashed it into countless atoms, and the poor fellow was 
glad to slink away in the rear of the stentorian shout that ascended and came 
echoing back from the opposite blufis, and in which it was hard to distinguish 
whether the exulting whoop of the Indians or the less terrific, though no less 
hearty and derisive, shout of the steamer's company predominated. 

" There was a somewhat singular coincidence in regard to names existing 
upon Rock Island for some time subsequent to the Black Hawk war, and the 
more so, as Davenport is not as common a patronymic as Jones or Smith. 
George Davenport, called Colonel, had been for many years the head of the 
trading establishment there. He was an Englishman by birth, had amassed an 
ample fortune, and lived hospitably and generously in his pleasant mansion, a 
short half-mile from the fort. It will be remembered by some who read this, 
that he was murdered in his house at high noon, one Fourth of July, by villains 
who had entered to fob him. Soon after the Avar, a new Agent was sent out to 
replace the one who had been killed by the Indians. His name was also 
Davenport, and he was called Colonel ; and, a few months later, Col. William 
Davenport, of the First United States infantry, was sent there to command the 
fort. These three gentlemen, each a head of one of the three departments 
pertaining to the Indians, were in no way related to each other. 

"Some two or three years later, a change in the organization of the Indian 
Department transferred Gen. Street from the Agency of the Winnebagoes at 
Prairie du Chien, which he had filled for several years, to that of the Sacs and 
Foxes. Gen. Street was fully known for a most uncompromising Whig of the 
Henry Clay persuasion ; yet he retained his office throughout the terms of Gen. 
Jackson, and until he died in Mr. Van Buren's last year. In 1837, the 
Agency at Rock Island was abandoned, the fort having been evacuated and 
dismantled the year previous, though Gen. Street still paid and met the Indians 
there for some months later. But the inconvenience to the Indians of bring- 
ing them so far from their villages, and through the border settlements, now 
slowly extending, suggested the propriety of removing their Agency into then- 
own country. 

" In the fall of 1837, a party of about thirtyof the chiefs and head men were 
taken by Gen. Street, under orders, to Washington. Wapello had along his 
wife and little son, and perhaps one or two more women were of the party. 
The writer, then going to his native State on furlough, accompanied them from 
Rock Island to Wheeling, and afterward was pi'esent with the Indians during 
nearly the week they were visitors in Boston. They were a novelty in this city, 
and were received and entertained with great attention and kindness. The mili- 
tary were turned out to escort them about in their line of carriages and clear the 
streets of the throngs that filled them. Black Hawk and his two sons, splendid 
specimens of manly symmetry and beauty of form, were of the party, and nat- 
urally the most noticed by tlie multitude, their recent fame as warriors being 
yet fresh in the popular mind. The party was received with all due ceremony, 
in old Faneuil Hall by the Mayor and city government, and welcomed to the 
city ; and on the succeeding day the Governor, the late Hon. Edward Everett, 
received them in the State-house on behalf of the State. This ceremony was 
held in the spacious hall of the Representatives, every inch of which was 
jammed with humanity. After the Governor had ended his eloquent and 
appropriate address of welcome, it devolved upon the chiefs to reply, and 
Appanoose, in his turn, as, at the conclusion of his ' talk,' he advanced to 
grasp the Governor's hand, said : ' It is a great day that the sun shines upon 
when two such great chiefs take each other by the hand ! ' The Governor, with 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 361 

a nod of approbation, controlled his facial muscles in a most courtly gravity. 
But the way the house came down ' was a caution,' which Appanoose doubtless 
considered the Yankee fashion of applauding his speech. 

" There were two theaters then in Boston, and a struggle ensued between 
them to obtain the presence of the Indians, in order to ' draw houses.' At the 
Tremont, the aristocratic and fashionable one, the famous tragedian, Forrest, 
was filling an engagement. His great play, in which he acted the part of a 
gladiator, and always drew his largest audiences, had not yet come off, and the 
manager was disinclined to bring it out while the Indians were there, as their 
presence always insured a full house. Gen. Street, being a strict Presbyterian, 
was not much in the theatrical line, and hence the Avriter, who had recently 
become his son-in-law, took these matters off his hand ; and, as he knew this 
particular play would suit the Indians far better than those simple, declamatory 
tragedies, in which, as they could not understand a word^ there was no action 
to keep them interested, he finally prevailed upon Mr. Barry, the manager, to 
bring it out, promising that all the Indians should come. 

" In the exciting scene, where the gladiators engage in deadly combat, the 
Indians gazed with eager, breathless anxiety ; and as Forrest, finally pierced 
through the breast with his adversary's sword, fell dying, and as the other 
drew his bloody weapon from the body, heaving in the convulsions of its expir- 
ing throes, while the curtain falls, the whole Indian company burst out with 
their fiercest war-whoop. It was a frightful yell to strike suddenly upon unac- 
customed ears, and was instantly succeeded by screams of terror from among 
the more nervous of the ladies and children. For an instant the audience 
seemed at a loss, but soon uttered a hearty round of applause — a just tribute 
to b(jth actor and Indians. 

'' After ceding the belt of country upon the Iowa side of the Mississippi, as 
heretofore mentioned, and having considerably increased the width of this belt 
by an additional cession in the treaty of 1837, the Sacs and Foxes still retained 
a large and most valuable portion of our State. This last treaty was negotiated 
with the party whose visit to Washington and other Eastern cities we have just 
mentioned, and was concluded on the 21st day of October. This was the first 
treaty ever made with the Sacs and Foxes in which the principle was incor- 
porated that had just then begun to be adopted, of making the sum allowed the 
Indians for their land a permanent fund, to be held in trust by the United 
States, upon which interest only, at the rate of 5 per cent, would be annually 
paid to them. Hitherto it had been the custom to provide that the gross sura 
granted for a cession should be paid in yearly installments. For instance, 
$10,000 in regular payments of $1,000, over a term of ten years, would have 
left the Indians, at the end of that time, destitute of all further benefit from 
that cession. But now the more humane policy had come to be followed — of 
saving for them, in perpetuity, the principal sum. For their cession of 1837, 
they were allowed $200,000, upon which the interest annually paid is $10,000 ; 
and the treaty of October 11, 1842, that finally dispossessed them of their land 
in Iowa, pays them $40,000, as the interest, upon $800,000, which, together 
with the payment by the United States of a large amount of claims, and some 
minor stipulations of a cash character, was the consideration for which that cession 
was obtained. Under a very old treaty, they were also receiving an unlimited 
annuity of $1,000, so that now there is the yearly sum of $51,000 payable to 
the Sacs and Foxes, so long as any of their people live to claim and receive it. 

" This treaty of 1837 also stipulated for the erection of mills and support 
of millers ; the breaking-up and fencing of fields ; the establishment of a model 



362 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

farm, and other schemes of the pestilent brood of so-called philanthropists, who 
were then beginning to devise their various plans for plundering the savages, 
and fastening upon them their hosts of vampires and leeches, schemes, causing 
the outlay of many thousands of dollars of the money granted to these Indians 
for their lands, from which, it is safe to say, they never derived the slightest 
benefit. 

"Appanoose persuaded Gen. Street that Sugar Creek, between Ottumwa 
and Agency, was fifty miles long, and the General had a mill erected on it. 
A freshet occurred within the next twelve months or so, sufficient in size and 
force to wash it away ; but the writer doubts if ever a bushel of grain was 
ground in it, nor, had it stood to this day, and had the Indians remained to this 
day, does he believe they could have been prevailed upon to have raised a bushel 
of corn to carry to it. Another mill was put up on Soap Creek, and when the 
writer took charge of the Agency, in June, 1840, that, also, was destroyed ; but 
as that was a better stream, and he was fortunate enough to secure the services 
of Mr. Peter Wood, a man who fully understood his business and was honestly 
disposed to attend to it, a second mill that was erected fared better, but the 
Indians took no interest in it whatever. 

" A large field, cornering where the creek, just below the depot at Ottumwa, 
debouches from the bluff, was made and cultivated for one of the villages then 
located opposite. The field extended in this direction and toward the river. 
Another was made on the opposite bank, near to the villages, and still a third 
in the same neighborhood, giving one to each of the three villages located oppo- 
site and below Ottumwa. A splendid wheat crop, harvested by the hands 
employed on the Pattern Farm, was stacked, and a very high fence built around 
until it could be threshed ; but, in a very little time, the young men, too lazy 
to hunt- up their ponies if turned out to graze, and having no squaws of whom 
to exact the duty, tore down the fences and turned their ponies upon the grain. 

" Their farm, which embraced the land now occupied by Mr. Van Zantand 
David Staubine's farm, as also part of Mrs. Bradley's and some other tracts, 
was capable of being conducted in a way to secure to them somewhat more ben- 
efit than any of their other so-called improvements. Yet it Avas utterly impos- 
sible, and, doubtless, would have been even to the present day, to fulfill with it 
the chief designs contemplated by the humane simpletons — estimable gentleman 
in countless ways, as they surely are — who were then, and still are, busy in de- 
vising projects to ameliorate the condition of the Indians. Sad, irretrievable, 
irremediable necessity may compel a savage to many all act or course that no 
other pressure could persuade him to attempt ; and the patient exercise of sen- 
sible discretion and judgment can sometimes effect what it were otherwise folly 
to undertake. Now, here was a^tribe, with hardly an element of its character 
as yet in the least subdued or toned down from its aboriginal purity. Work, 
hard manual labor, it was part of their natura to look upon as degrading and 
contemptible, even apart from the indolence that in itself would disincline them 
to it. The disdainful scorn of their demeanor toward certain half-civilized 
tribes, in whose vicinity they settled in Kansas, was characteristic. The hybrid 
styles of dress, neither Indian nor white man, that these fellows had been civil 
ized up to the point of glorying in, were a source of never-ending amusement 
to the Sacs and Foxes. 

" At the time that the Sacs and Foxes were prevailed upon to consent to 
the expenditure of a portion of the proceeds of their lands, with a view to the 
introduction among them of all this new machinery of mills, farms and the like, 
they had not the slightest ground for apprehending that so much of their sub- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 363 

sistence as depended upon their favorite occupation of the chase could diminish 
in a long time to come ; and their annual cash receipts from the United States 
were large in their eyes. Under such conditions, not the least motive existed 
to induce them to labor ; while the design of the farm was to serve as a model, 
an exemplar, where they could come and look on, and learn to work by obser- 
vation, by such practice as they might be willing to attempt, and by the instruc- 
tions of the skilled farmer and hands employed. The expenses of maintaining, 
as well as of the original establishment of the farm, were taken from their 
annuities, from the consideration allowed them for the lands they had sold. 
And the chief benefit that ever accrued to them was, that parties coming in 
from a distance to get work done by their black and gun smith could some- 
times, in bad weather, depend on it for shelter while detained, as well as for pro- 
visions. And, even here, the farmer was always liable to be imposed upon by 
the worthless vagabonds of the tribes, who would make it a pretext for indulging 
their laziness ; and it was also the source of jealousy and discord among the 
bands if the slightest charge could be established that one had received the least 
benefit more than another, requiring constant caution and delicate management 
to prevent. 

" Indeed, the writer never considered these schemes to be anything in fact, 
although not in intent, but barefaced plunder of the Indians. Since that time, 
they have doubtless increased in number and in kind, so as to embrace every 
object out of which a 'job ' can be got ; and the only chance of justice to the 
Indian is in their utter expulsion, and the restoration of the entire Indian 
service to the War Department, where alone it properly and reasonably be- 
longs, where for years it was conducted to the general welfare and contentment 
of the Indians, and where, if restored to it, remedies could soon be devised to 
abate the countless perfidies and iniquities against the savages, to which its first 
removal paved the way. The powerful interests that have already once or 
twice defeated measures undertaken in Congress for this object, and rendered 
of no avail the most convincing; arguments in its favor of those least liable 
to suspicion of personal interest, are proof enough that the simple welfare of 
the Indian is not the sole incentive, and also justify the apprehension that 
venality may not be an unwelcome guest in the patriotic breast of a Congress- 
man. 

" The treaty of 1837 having been ratified by the Senate, Gen. Street took 
early measures, in 1838, to establish the agency within the boundaries, and as 
conveniently as possible to 'the village of the Sacs and Foxes, and at once 
entered into contract with a gentleman, whose name the writer has forgotten, 
but who lived not far below Clarksville, in Missouri, to put up the requisite 
buildings for his family residence and office, the smiths' shops, etc. The great 
length of Gen. Street's service in the Indian Department, and the high consid- 
eration, both officially and personally, in which he was held, caused the Depart- 
ment to be more liberal toward him in the sums allowed for these objects than 
perhaps otherwise it would have been ; for, beside consenting to a house quite 
substantia] and of convenient size, they allowed him, also, a sum sufficient to 
pay for the breaking-up and inclosing of a large field, with quite convenient 
stables and other buildings attached to the domicile. The contractor was a 
responsible person, of considerable means, and, when he undertook business, was 
disposed to push it through without delay or vexatious annoyances ; and so, 
starting from his home with teams, some of his negroes and an ample force of 
hired mechanics and laborers, he soon had a large company at work upon the 
ground. 



364 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

" The writer came out for a couple of days in August, 1838. The old 
Council-house, intended for a place wherein to hold talks with the Indians, was 
already completed, being the first building put up, with a view to using it as a 
shelter for the provisions and other perishable stores. Many of the timbers for 
the Agency-house were upon the ground, and being continually hauled there, 
ready hewn. Two heavy breaking teams were at work upon the future field, 
and wagons hauling on the rails, and the ring of the blacksmith's hammer 
being quite steadily maintained, quite a business air was imparted to the new 
settlement. As the party of four, of whom the writer was one, rode in, about 
11 o'clock, hot and tired with the saddle, from beyond Birmingham, without an 
intervening house, the hospitable-looking camp of tents and board sheds, close 
to the Council-house, the blazing fire, over which two or three female Africans 
were busy at the steaming cofiee, bacon, biscuits and divers vegetables of the 
season, excited in his mind an impression of the new agency, the satisfactory 
contentment of which has never to this day worn off. 

" Mr. Richard Kerr was one of this party. He had just been appointed 
Farmer to the Indians, and arranging with Gen. Street to meet in Burlington, 
the object of the trip out was to select a suitable location for the Pattern Farm, 
and to receive his preliminary instructions for commencing operations. The 
place was selected, and Mr. Kerr set about employing laborers, who were paid, 
as well as himself, out of the appropriation set apart for agricultural purposes. 
Mr. Kerr's pay was |50 per month, and his wife received $20 per month as 
Matron, which, with the free use of whatever was raised, made it a very com- 
fortable position. Their house, the one now occupied by Mr. Van Zant, was 
not long in making its appearance. Mr. Kerr understood the art of farming 
in all its minutise, and the Pattern, once under way, was always kept in the 
best of order and made productive. 

" At the Agency, bricks, lime and whatever could be manufactured on" the 
premises were ready by the time needed, and by winter the contract was about 
completed and the buildings ready for occupancy. In April, 1839, Gen. Street 
moved down his family from Prairie du Chien, and took possession. Erelong 
his health began to fail, and the result was a combination of obstinate maladies 
under which he succumbed early in May of the next year. For several 
months, he had been totally incapable of attending to his duties, and the De- 
partment had consented that any of his sons or sons-in-law of age might dis- 
charge them for him — of course his bond being held responsible. He had been 
out to ride with his brother-in-law. Dr. Posey, of Shawneetown, 111., who had 
been professionally caring for him during several weeks. Alighting from the 
carriage, he had stepped quite firmly across the stile and yard and seated him- 
self within the door and bade a servant to bring a glass of cold water. As the 
boy stood presenting it, he sat motionless in the chair. Mrs. Street was there 
in an instant from an adjoining room, and called to her brother, the Doctor, who 
had passed up stairs. It was the delay of hardly a minute, but no flow of blood 
responded to the Doctor's lancet. He had died in his chair. 

" The Indians were greatly attached to their 'Father,' as they usually term 
their Agent, and word of the General's sudden demise reaching the villages, 
opposite Ottumwa, numbers of them came immediately to the Agency. Wapello 
and his band, especially, were so demonstrative in their grief as to augment the 
distress of Mrs. Street and the writer's wife — who had been some weeks in 
attendance upon her father — and younger members of the family to the extent that 
it became necessary to have the interpreter kindly explain it to them, and beg 
them to give expression to their sorrow at some point more remote from the house. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 365 

" The writer who was then living in Dubuque, hastened to Washington as 
soon as the sad news reached him, the hope being to save the family their home, 
in which they were now comfortably established, and of which the succession of 
a stranger to the office would have deprived them. When he arrived there — -.by 
a then unusually quick journey of twelve days — he found his nomination already 
awaiting the action of the Senate, and in a day or two more, obtaining his com- 
mission, he came direct to the Agency. At the time of his arrival, about June 
1, 1840, the Agency, with its dependencies, was about as follows : In the 
Agency-house was Mrs. Street and the nine youngest of her children, of whom 
William B. Street, of Oskaloosa, was the senior. Just over the branch, in rear 
of the Agency, was Josiah A. Smart, the interpreter, one of God's noblemen, 
who combined m his character every brave, honest and generous sentiment that 
can adorn a man ; and within a few steps of his residence was that of the black- 
smith, Charles H. Withington. There was also Harvey Sturdevant, the gun- 
smith ; but, being unmarried, he boarded with Withington, until, a year or so 
later, he put himself up a cabin, where the writer now lives, August, 1874, and 
dug that famous old well. As distance (from the rest of us) did not lend 
enchantment to the view of his bachelorhood, he soon switched on to the matri- 
monial track. Then there was the household of the Pattern Farm, some half- 
dozen in number, except in extra times, such as harvesting. This was the actual 
Agency settlement. On the Des Moines, a mile or so below the County Farm, 
where the bluff approaches nearest to the bank, was the trading-post of P. Chou- 
teau, Sr., & Co., but later more familiarly known as the ' Old Garrison.' This 
was usually superintended by Capt. William Phelps. And just above the mouth 
of Sugar Creek, on the creek bank, at the old road crossing, lived the miller, 
Jeremiah Smith, Jr., with his family. This embraced all the whites lawfully 
living in the country at the time. 

" Through some unfortunate misunderstanding in regard to the boundary 
line, several persons had intruded upon the Indian land upon the lowaville 
bottom and the ridges in the rear, as well as upon the south side of the 
river ; and as the Indians made complaint to the Government, it had no alterna- 
tive but to remove them. This duty fell upon the writer to execute, and was a 
very unwelcome one, if only for the reason that several of the intruders were 
persons who would not willingly have violated any law. Among them was that 
fine old specimen of West Virginia hospitality. Van Caldwell ; but by reason 
of his location, and his readiness by any reasonable arrangement to escape the 
terrors of fire and sword, the writer obtained permission from the Department 
that he should remain, upon the condition of his maintaining a ferry for access 
to Soap Creek Mills during high water. 

" At the time of Gen. Street's decease, the Indians were occupying their 
country with their permanent or spring and summer villages, located as fol- 
lows : Upon the bank of the Des Moines, opposite the mouth of Sugar Creek, 
where there is quite a spacious bottom, extending for a mile or more below, 
where the bluff closes in pretty closely upon the bank, and for a much longer 
distance in the up-river direction, toward and past Ottumwa, was the village of 
Keokuk ; and, still above, were those of Wapello, 'Foxes and Appanoose, a 
Sac chief. According to the writer's present memory, that of Wapello was 
the intermediate one. Keokuk himself, had selected a pleasant, commanding, 
and picturesque point for his own summer wigwam, some half-way up the side of 
the bluff, in the rear of his village, where, with his own little field of corn and 
beans, despite the arge field of Uncle Sam just beneath him, he enjoyed the 
otium cum dignitate of his authority and rank during the hot weather. 



^66 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

" His wigwam was a very conspicuous object to a traveler along the road 
that crests the bluft' and Avinds down the long hill to Sugar Creek on this 
side. • From his elevated position, where, like another Robinson Crusoe in the 
boys' story-books, he could contemplate himself as ' monarch of all he sur- 
veyed,' he had a fine view of the three villages spread beneath him, as well as 
of the bluffs and bottoms for a considerable distance up and down the river on 
this side. Several of the lodges in every town had their own small patches of 
cultivated ground in the neighborho'od of their villages ; but the hillside, now 
covered by Ottumwa, seemed to offer them more attractive spots for this purpose, 
probably because the soil was more easily worked, and situated more favorably 
for the influence of the sun, than upon their side of the river. A light, easily- 
turned soil was, of course, an object to the poor squaws, upon whom devolved 
the duty of working it with their hoes, and of inserting the rickety posts that 
with light poles bound to them, made the fence, not exceeding four feet in height, 
but, in general, very respectfully treated by the ponies, the only animal liable 
to intrude injuriously upon their fields. 

" The whole hillside, on its lower slope (for they seldom cultivated it more 
than half-way up), was occupied in this way by the Indians, for some distance 
below the depot fully up to or above the Court House ; often the writer, on the 
receipt of some instructions requiring a ' talk ' with the leading men, in order 
to save time, and to the Indians the trouble of a ride to Agency, has appointed 
^ome shady spot in one of these patches. 

" The Indians seldom occupied their permanent villages, except during the 
time of planting or securing their crop, after which they would start out on a 
short hunt, if the annuity — which was generally paid within the six weeks 
from the 1st of September — had not yet been received. Immediately after 
payment, it was their custom to leave the village for the winter, hunting 
through this season by families and small parties, leading the regular nomad 
life, changing their location from time to time, as the supply of game and the 
need — so essential to their comfort — of seeking places near to timbered streams 
best protected from the rigors of weather, would require. 

" Hardfish's band of Sacs was composed mainly of those who had been the 
leading parties in the Black Hawk war, and who had been, by degrees, freeing 
themselves from the restraint imposed upon them by the treaty, demanding 
their dispersion among the friendly villages. But, as all unfriendly feeling had 
now subsided, and they were now disposed to conduct themselves with the 
utmost good-will in all their intercourse with the Government ; and as, more- 
over, the Department, with a view to an early effort to acquire possession of 
their remaining lands in Iowa, deemed it most conducive to success in that object 
to pursue toward them a policy apparently oblivious of former strife, the writer 
was instructed, so long as there was no reason tB apprehend unfriendly designs, 
to ignore these requirementsof the treaty, and to avoid all cause for re-awaken- 
ing former strife. 

" For some years previously to the writer's appointment as Agent, Messrs. 
P. Chouteau, Jr., & Co., of St. Louis, had been the only traders among the 
Sacs and Foxes, and the magnitude of their interests was enough to excite any 
rivalry. Col. George Davenport, of Rock Island, had been admitted as part- 
ner to their trade with that particular tribe, and he was looked to to reside 
among them and to carry it on. S. S. Phelps, Esq., of Oquawka, in connection 
with his brother, Capt. William Phelps, of jovial memory, had been gaining a 
foot-hold on trade for two, three, and perhaps, four years before the treaties of 
1836 and 1837, and after the removal of the Agency from the island, and its 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 367 

■consequent effect of rendering a change in the location of the chief trading-post 
inevitable. Col. Davenport, who had already acquired a comfortable fortune, 
concluded to withdraw. Mr. S. S. Phelps fell into the position thus made 
vacant in the company, although he relied upon his brother to reside in the 
Indian country, and maintain personal oversight of the company's affairs. A 
new trader now appeared in the field, with at least means enough to prevent the 
old company from being monopolists. Of course rivalry of feeling and interest 
would now spring up, and every occasion be employed by each rival to gain and 
secure what advantage he could. The writer is not intimating any idea of his 
own that any unfair or dishonorable appliances would be used by the gentlemen 
heads respectively of the rival establishments ; but the employes or others, 
hoping advantage to themselves in the success of either party, might be less 
scrupulous. 

"' It was probably through some such strategy that Gov. Lucas became 
impressed with the most sincere conviction that the Chouteau Company sup- 
plied whisky, with their other merchandise, to the Indians, and a conviction once 
fixed Avith the Governor was pretty apt to stay. So persuaded was he of the 
truth of his belief, that he was never disposed to the least reticence upon the 
subject ; and it was generally believed in Burlington that if the Trading Com- 
pany could be caught, flagrante delicto, it would prove a pretty good haul for 
the catcher — certainly not less than the transfer to his own pocket of the half 
value of a large stock of goods. 

" As the writer soon saw that any effort of his own, however reasonable, to 
lead the Governor to a different opinion was opening the way to suspicions 
against liimself of some personal interest in the company's affaii-s, prudence 
naturally admonished him to desist. One morning, Mr. S. S. Phelps, to whom 
the Governor's belief — and propensity to express it — was no secret, being in 
Burlington, stepped in a place where the Governor happened at that moment 
to be engaged in his favorite pastime of denouncing Mr. Chouteau's establish- 
ment, etc., and the Governor, totally unacquainted with Mr. Phelps, still kept 
up in his presence his conversation on the subject. 

" Now, if there was anything Capt. Billy Phelps loved better than another, 
it was to play off a trick ; or if anything he knew better than another, it was 
how to plan and play it. The company had on its license a man named Simp- 
son Vassar, who was better known at the Agency and its various dependencies 
under the sobriquet of ' Suggs.' When any deviltry lurked in Capt. Billy's 
mind, ' Capt. Suggs ' was his most reliable assistant in getting rid of it. So a 
scheme was planned. Suggs was sent over on pretext of some message to 
Phelps at Oquawka, with instructions not to leave Burlington until he had exe- 
cuted his part of the programme. 

" A person, who was either' the City Marshal, or attached to his official ret- 
inue, soon heard of Suggs in Burlington, and became so ambitious of his 
acquaintance as to introduce himself without delay. He learned from Suggs 
that the latter lived out in the Agency neighborhood ; that he knew the Trading 
Company — in fact, sometimes worked for them when an extra force was needed ; 
■clever people ; good paymasters, with the cash always in hand ; knew nothing 
of their dealings in whisky ; had never seen them supply it to the Indians ; and, 
€ven if he had, as he had heard they were accused of it, a dollar, when needed, 
was not so easily made out there that a man could afford to make enemies out of 
good-paying employers ! After several interviews, Suggs embarked upon the 
ferry-boat. But his newly-made-friend was not long in joining him, and during 
the crossing, Suggs yielded to the potent arguments and promises that had 



368 HISTOEY OF LEE COUNTY. 

alreadv shaken his sense of personal honor and interest. He admitted that he 
had seen a Uirge lot of kegs, and these not empty, landed by night at the 
trading-house from a boat not long before, and immediately buried upon the 
bank, where most of them were ; and if he could be guaranteed ao;ainst suspi- 
cion as the informer, and terms arranged to suit — as he expected to remain about 
the place some time after his return — he would put his friend upon the right- 
track. The boat having landed them, and all details being adjusted, each party 
went on his way rejoicing — Suggs' way being to Oquawka, and at once back to 
the trading-post to report to Capt. Phelps. 

Not many days later, an hour or so before dinner-time. Col Jesse Williams 
— later of Henn. Williams c<: Co., of Fairtield, but then Private Secretary to 
Gov. Lucas — rode up to the Agency. Being, doubtless, himself disposed (as 
indeed the Agency hospitality would suggest) to consider that an expedition 
which would demand a three-miles ride and several hours of time could be more 
satisfactorily completed as a post-prandial duty, he made no mention of his bus- 
iness. But as soon as the meal was over, he handed to the Agent a package 
from the Governor, containing a deposition in full form, taken before Judge 
Mason, of the Territorial Supreme Court, by Suggs' Burlington friend, to the 
effect that so many kegs of whisky, etc., etc., and were then secreted, etc., etc., 
in violation of the statute, etc., by the said P. Chouteau Jr.'s Company, traders, 
etc., as aforesaid. And there was also a line to the Agent that, in the execution 
of so delicate a duty, which must involve judicial process, he had deemed it best 
to send out Col. Williams to (?^*^^^«f the Agent. Whatever the motive may have 
been, it is certain that, until both were in their saddles. Col. AVilliams proved 
liimself able to icatoh the Agent with untiring eye. 

Reaching the trading-house, the person who took the deposition and a 
companion were found there waiting, they having 'forked-off' by another trail 
so as not to be seen. Suggs was on hand, having taken the opportunity to post 
the Burlingtonians about the locality. And also Capt. Billy Phelps, called by 
the Indians Che-che-pe-qua, or the ' Winking Eyes,' was there, those visuals 
fjiiidy gleaming with joy over the anticipated fun. 

•' The Agent proceeded at once to business, expressing to Capt. Phelps his 
regret that so unpleasant a duty should have devolved upon him ; his hope that 
it would prove that so serious a complaint had originated in some error, but 
suggesting that, if true, admission of the tact and production of the contraband 
article would be more apt to temper subsequent proceedings with leniency than 
efforts to conceal it would do. The Captain vehemently denied the impeach- 
ment, stating that it would require a much wiser man than himself to discover 
where such an article then was, or ever had been, kept upon their premises. 
The complainant was now appealed to, who led the party a short distance to a 
spot where, with a triumphant air, he pointed to an X that the edge of Suggs' 
boot sole had made in the sandy bank. 

" They began digging, and soon reached some matting that was removed, 
and thus uncovered a lot of lard kegs, too greasy to suggest a thought of any 
other article being contained in them. The immediate ' sold, by thunder I ' of 
one of the moiety gentlemen came in accents too lugubrious to be listened to 
without exciting a sense of sadness. Suggs, meanwhile, had come up missing, 
and the ' Winking Eyes ' walked off with a most disdainful air, leaving the 
Agent and his party on the spot, whence they soon returned to the Agency, 
whei-e the Agent made his report that the informant had pointed out a place 
where, by digging, a large quantity of lard in kegs was found that had been 
buried to avoid loss by heat, and in the nio;ht to conceal the fact from va^-abond 



HISTORY OF LEK COUNTY. 369 

■whites and Indians. The disappointed informer and his companion hastened 
homeward, but Col. Williams remained until next morning, and then returned 
bearing the Agent's report. 

'" But the unkindest cut of all was six months later, when, about the last of 
February, Capt. Phelps addressed a letter to Gov. Lucas in the most respectful 
and official form, saying, that having heard he had declared his determination 
not to continue in office under such an old Tory as Gen. Harrison, and fearful 
that whoever his successor would be, he might not feel so friendly toward the 
company as he had proved in the matter of exhuming their lard, and as they 
would soon be much in need of some, and the ground was then very hard frozen, 
the company would be under great obligations if he would at once send some 
one out to dig up the rest of it. 

•' The village of Hardfish — or Wishecomaque, as it is in the Indian tongue 
— which was quite as respectable in size as any of the old villages, was located 
in what is now the heart of Eddyville, named for J. P. Eddy, a trader, who 
was licensed in the summer of 1840, by the writer, to establish his trading- 
post at that place. He continued to trade there until the treaty of final cession 
in 1842, and was the most fortunate of any of the large traders in finding his 
schedule of claims against the Indians very little reduced by the Commissioners, 
whose part it was, at that treaty, to adjust all outstanding claims against the 
Sacs and Foxes. 

'' The writer cannot locate the place exactly, according to our State maps, 
altliough he has often visited it in Indian times ; but somewhere out north from 
Kirkville, and probably not over twelve miles distant, on the bank of Skunk 
River, not far above the ' Forks of Skunk," was a small village of not over fif- 
teen or twenty lodges, presided over by a man of considerable infiuence, though 
he was not a chief, named Kishkekosh. The village was on the direct trail — 
in fact, it was the converging point of the two trails — from the Hardfish village, 
and the three villages across the river below Ottumwa, to the only other per- 
manent settlement of the tribes, which was the village of Poweshiek, a Fox 
chief of equal rank with Wapello, situated on the bank of the Iowa River. 

•' About the time that Eddy moved out his stock of goods from Burlington 
to his licensed point at the Hardfish village, P. Chouteau, Jr., & Company 
also obtained an addition to their license for a post at the same place, and put 
up a small establishment some fourth of a mile below Eddy, on the river-bank. 
In the same winter, of 1840-41, Messrs. W. G. & G. W. Ewing, of Indiana, 
who had already acquired large wealth in the Indian trade, but never yet had 
dealt with the Sacs and Foxes, obtained a license and had their point assigned 
them just at the mouth of Sugar Creek, on the Ottumwa side, where they soon 
got up a large establishment, filled with a full and valuable stock. This post 
was started, and, for a year or so, conducted by a Mr. Hunt, a gentleman of 
far more education, refinement and culture than is often found among the resi- 
dent Indian traders. 

" Previous to the treaty of 1842, some few changes were made in their 
location, both by the Indians and among the whites. The house at the ' Old 
Garrison ' was broken up, and one established in its stead up in the Red Rock 
region, near the mouth of White Breast ; and Keokuk, also, moved his village 
into the same neighborliood. A second blacksmith was appointed, named 
Baker, son-in-law of Col. Ingraham, one of the pioneers of Des Moines County, 
and a person of considerable character and influence in his county. Baker died 
at Fort Des Moines, still in the service of the Indians ; but when appointed, he 
built his residence some half a mile east of the Agency, not far froir the claim 



370 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

taken by the late William Newell, father of L. F. Newell, by whom the prop- 
erty was subsequently purchased and added to his farm. 

" The Sacs and Foxes were quite friendly and manageable ; in fact, were 
very pleasant and agreeable people to live among, and all public and personal 
intercourse with them rolled smoothly along the well-worn track, without much 
of incident or marvel, until the final sale of their remaining Iowa domain. 
Sometimes, incidents would occur, possessing excitement or amusement enough 
to encroach for a little upon the monotony that otherwise might have become 
tedious, of which the writer will endeavor to recover the memory of one or two 
that may amuse the reader. 

" The Sacs and Foxes, like all other Indians, were a very religious people, 
in their way, always maintaining the observance of a good many rites, ceremo- 
nies and feasts in their worship of the Kitche Mulito, or Great Spirit. Fasts 
did not seem to be prescribed in any of their missals, however, because, perhaps, 
forced ones, under a scarcity of game or other edibles, were not of impossible 
occurrence among people whose creed plainly was to let to-morrow take care of 
the things of itself. Some of these ceremonies bore such resemblance to some 
of those laid down in the books of Moses as to have justified the impression 
among biblical students that the lost tribes of Israel might have found their way 
to this continent. 

" The writer was a witness, one delightful forenoon in May, 1841, of a 
ceremony that seemed full of mystery, even to those of the Indians who took 
no part in celebrating it. A large lodge had been set up for the occasion on 
the level green, near Keokuk's village, and its sides left so entirely open that 
vision of the proceedings conducted within was entirely free. Close around 
was a circle of guards or sentinels, evidently ' in the secret,' as they were close 
enough to hear, but at a distance far enough to prevent eavesdropping of the 
low tones used within the sacred precincts. Inside of these guards was another 
and much larger circle of sentinels, who restrained all outsiders (of whom the 
writer had to content himself with being one) from crossing within their line. 
Keokuk seemed to be the chief personage among the performers, and the per- 
formance to be designed for the exclusive benefit of one old fellow of some 
importance in the tribe, who was mainly distinguished from those about him by 
being clad in a much scantier pattern of raiment. Sometimes they would place 
him on his feet, and sometimes on his seat, as they powwowed and gesticulated 
about him. Finally, while in a sedentary position, with a large pile of blankets 
behind him, Keokuk approached in front, pistol in hand, apparently aimed at 
his forehead. 

" There was an explosion, quite audible to us outsiders, and a no small puff 
of smoke, and the old savage went over on his back in quick time, where he was 
covered up and left among the blankets, while a good many ' long talks ' were 
held around and over him, until at length, Keokuk, taking his hand, brought 
him to the sitting posture, and soon after to his feet, apparently none the worse 
for having been used as a target. The outside multitude of Indians gazed with 
marked awe throughout the entire performance, and maintained, withal, the 
deepest silence. 

" During the three years that the writer had charge of the Agency, before 
its removal from this place, there were two, and he thinks even three, occasions 
on which he had to remove persons who had 'squatted ' for good on the Sac and 
Fox lands. One of these has already been spoken of, the mishap having grown 
out of some erroneous belief about the boundary. Another originated in some 
opinions of a^ former head of the St. Louis Superintendency of Indian Affairs, 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 371 

drawn from him in correspondence and published in the papers. They were 
erroneous, and believed to have been in order to embarrass the then Govern- 
ment, to which he was politically unfriendly. If correct, they would have 
opened to settlement a valuable tract of the Sac and Fox land bordering on 
Missouri, including their Soap Creek Mill. Gov. Chamber, coinciding with 
the Agent's opinion, which was immediately reported to him, as intruders had 
begun to move in, issued a proclamation warning all persons from crossing the 
boundary line as then established ; and the affair, in idue course, reaching the 
head of the Indian service, the Secretary of War, under the law of that time. 
That official, Hon. William L. Marcy, promptly sustained the subordinate pro- 
ceedings, and orders wei-e issued to remove by military force all trespassers who^ 
having received reasonable notice, had not retired by a specified day. Notices- 
were printed and distributed by a special messenger among the new trespass- 
ers, and, as some had failed to go by the specified date, a company of United 
States cavalry was ordered to the Agency, to enforce the laws and treaties. 
This duty seemed the more imperative, just at that time, as the Department 
was intended to treat, in a few months, with the Sacs and Foxes for the purchase 
of that very land. 

" Such military expeditions would, of course, abound with incidents, some- 
times amusing, sometimes exciting, and sometimes disagreeable and embarass- 
ing. We would generally find the men gone, leaving the premises in charge of 
the women and children, under the vain belief that they would, in some way. 
get over the trouble. Excuses would be various, mostly of wagons broken in 
the very act of starting, or of oxen strayed or horses lost or stolen just a day 
or so too soon ; sometimes of sickness, though we failed of observing signs of 
it. On one occasion, a soldier overheard a well-grown girl tell a frightened 
junior one not to cry for 'Pap ' was just away down the branch, and would 
come back as soon as the soldiers were gone. And, sure enough when the 
smoke of the burning cabin curled above his hiding-place, convincing him that 
his plan had proved abortive, ' Pap ' came rushing around a point of the grove, 
apparently out of breath, with a long story of his strayed horses that he 
had hunted till the last day, and then gone to some kindred six or seven 
miles off beyond the Iowa State line, who were then on the road with their 
wagons ; and that he having heard the bugle, had left them in order, by short 
cuts across the timber and hollows, to get home in time to save his 'plunder.' 
Well, the Lieutenant told him, there it w^as all safe, the soldiers had set it out 
carefully without giving his. family any trouble to help them ; and if only he 
had time, he would be glad to wait till his Missouri friends arrived, and help him 
load up. The mansion being now burned beyond salvation, the bugle sounded 
to mount, and the troop resumed its march. 

" The next amusing incident was in our encounter, soon after the troop had 
resumed its march, with an old fellow whom we met coming up the somewhat 
dim road just along the edge of the timber, on this side of the river. The 
troop was of between thirty and forty men, with a Lieutenant, the Captain hav- 
ing stayed at the Agency, with the rest of his company, to take care of his sup- 
plies in camp. The Lieutenant and writer Avere comfortably walking their nags 
along the said road, the troops some distance in the rear, following the same 
easy gait, with their two six-mule wagons behind, when we espied a wagon 
coming round a point of the road not far ahead of us. The team soon 
showed itself to be a span of fat, sleek horses, and the entire outfit indicated 
that the old chap in charge of it was not as hard up as his personal look would 
have led one to believe. He was for giving us the entire right of way. 



372 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

but as we turned off ro t\\oe him. as if we intended to collide, bow on to him, lie 
reined up. 

" According to his own storv, he was out for just a pastime drive up the 
ridge, without much motive or object of any kind ; but he had a scythe to cut 
j^rass, a gool lot of oats and shelled corn in sacks, an extra wagon sheet that 
would have improvised a comfortable tent in short order, a plentiful supply of 
•grub " for himself and a boy he had^vith him. thirteen or fourteen years old, and 
a forty -gallon empty barrel, all suggestive of a contemplated raid upon the bee- 
trees. After some pai'ley, the Lieutenant turned him over to the Sergeant, who 
liad in the mean time come up with his men. who, in turn, placed him with a tile 
of troopers, as a guard of honor, between the two baggage-wagons. The old 
fellow soon got the hang of what was tip from the soldiers, and, as misery loves 
company, he shortly seemed to lose sight of his own disgust in contemplating 
that of the inmates of the two squatters" cabins we had yet to visit. We soon 
reached the nearest one and found it abandoned, chough very recently, as all 
signs proved. Stopping long enough to burn the cabin, we then kept on our 
way to the only reuuiiuiug trespasser, who had put up his cabin in a grove on the 
Pes Moines River side of the ridge we had been all day descending. As we- 
turned off to cross the ridge, our former captive, whom we now released, seemed, 
for a while, as if disposed to relieve himself from the enjoyment of our society 
as; soon as possible. But. in a short time, he changed his mind ; for long before 
he had traveled the half-mile across the ridge, we saw that he had also turned 
oft" and was in pursuit of us. He reached the house almost as soon as did 
the troops, and in full time to say to the Lieutenant and myself what could 
not have been less than an unpleasant feeling of personal sympathy for the fam- 
ily we were about to dislodge. As in several previous instances, the man had 
gone oft", leaving the Avoman to give reasons and ofter excuses for his absence. 
It was very near night, and not less than five miles to the nearest house in the 
direction the woman w ished to go ; she had several children, of whom not the 
larcjest, even, was yet of an age to be other than an incumbrance at such a time : 
nor was there team, wagon or other means of transportation to be seen. While 
she was bitterly complaining of her cruel fate in thus being turned out of her 
house to see it consumed, with hei"self, children and chattels all night under the 
open heavens, our lately -made acquaintance came to a halt among us, the 
expression of his features indicating a much more enjoyable expectation of wit- 
nessing the scene ahead than was ever felt by any among us. whose duty it was 
to bring it into action. 

••We a.\>ordingly concluded to press him into service, soothing, by that 
proposal, much ot" the distress of mater familias, who appeared to be a person 
i-ather superior to the ordinary grade of squattei^s. The soldiei-s set about 
removing her property from the house, and loading such portions of it 
as she was least disposed to abandon for the night, into the old fellow's wagon, 
and, comfortably stowing herself and children upon the load, we started him oft* as 
soon as she was ready to leave, after having placed the rest ot her eftVcts in as 
secure a condition as we could. To guard against any possible treachery on the 
part of the old bee-hunter, as well as in view of any break-down before he 
could strike the smoother road, the Lieutenant took the precaution to detach a 
Corporal with a half-dozen men, to act as an escort over the three miles or so to 
the Indian boundary, beyond Avhich our jurisdiction ceased. 

•• The house, with its combustible appendages, having been set on tire, we 
continued our march to a point a mile or two within the civilized part of Iowa 
Territory, Avhere a well-fixed, thrifty- settler supplied our commissiU'iat, as well 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 373 

as our forage department, with sundry items that a three-days expedition 
through the brush had made acceptable, if not actually needful. Night had 
fairly set in. The Corporal had rejoined the command, and reported the bee- 
huntev and his cargo to be making satisfactory and apparently friendly prog- 
ress at the point he was ordered to leave them. Our camp-fires were soon 
blazing, and the tents pitched, and, in a short time, a good supper increased the 
contentment which the Lieutenant and Agent could not fail to enjoy over the 
final conclusion of a most unpleasant duty. An early reveille, and the next 
mid-day found us at the Agency. 

"At the accession of Gen. Harrison, to the Presidency, in March, 1840 
Mr. John Chambers, ex-Congressman of Kentucky, was appointed to replace 
Gov. Lucas as Governor of our then Territory, which office included within its 
commission that of Superintendent over the Indians and their Agencies. For 
several months previous, some feelings of antagonism had existed between the 
old Black Hawk party, whose chief was Hardfish, and the other bands, which 
was excited mostly and kept up by the traders, influenced by their rival inter- 
ests, and the characteristic obstinacy of Gov. Lucas, who leaned to the Hardfish 
band. Upon the arrival of Gov. Chambers at Burlington, it was, of course, an 
object with Keokuk to gain his favor, or at least to have him committed to a 
strictly impartial course ; while the Hardfish effort would be to induce him to 
follow in the track of his predecessor. Keokuk at once requested the Agent to 
obtain the Governor's consent for him and his chief men to visit him at Burling- 
ton. It was the wish, however, of the Indian Department to discountenance 
and prevent such pilgrimages of the Indians through the settlements, and the 
Agent promised Keokuk that he would inform the new Governor of his desire, 
and that, perhaps, he would prefer to make his acquaintance and receive his 
cotigratulations here at the Agency. The Hardfish band — or rather their insti- 
gators, Eddy and his satellites — less patient, and ignoring their proper channel 
of communication through the Agent with the Superintendency, hastened to 
Burlington in a large body, and having encamped a short way from town, sent 
in a written notice of their arrival and its purpose, with a request that the Gov- 
ernor would cause the needed supplies of food, etc., to be provided for them. 
Tender the late Lucas regime, an order on Eddy's Burlington store would have 
soon satisfied this want. But Gov. Chambers sent them word that when he 
sent for any of them to come and see him, he would of course, be prepared to 
have them fed ; that he had no intention of converting his executive head- 
quarters in Burlington into a council-ground for his red children, and that it 
■was his purpose to visit them in their own country at a very early day. Hard- 
fish came home with a large flea in his ear; and the Agent received a commu- 
nication from the Governor informing him of the facts, and instructing him to 
use all means in his power to prevent the intrusion of his charge upon the set- 
tlements, and that he should visit the Agency in a very short time, notice of 
which should be seasonably served. 

"The Governor at length set his time, the bands were all informed, the 
Governor arrived, and on the next day, at a specified hour, a grand council 
Avould be opened. Meanwhile, all the Indians, except the Iowa River Foxes, 
indisposed to come so far, had been gathering, and were encamped about the 
Agency, the Keokuk side covering the ground along the branch behind the 
mills, which was then full of plum, hazel, and crab-apple thickets ; while the 
Hardfishes were along the edge of the river timber south of the Agency, and 
where the writer now lives (August, 1874). Long before the appointed hour, 
tlie Hardfish party, arrayed in full toggery, had all arrived, themselves and 



374 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

their ponies caparisoned in their richest styles of ornament ; and, having gone 
through the equestrian performances usual on such occasions, had dismounted, 
secured their ponies, and, forming on foot, had marched into the Agency-vard. 
where the Governor was to receive them, and wliere was quite a gathering 
of whites, and Hardfish with some of his leading men, having taken the 
Governor's hand and said a few Avords of courtesy, had sat down upon the 
grass. 

"Now, it wa:s a sacred duty with the Governor to cherish the memory of hi? 
dear and lately dead friend. Gen. Harrison. He had been Aide-de-camp to the 
General in the war of 1812, and rumor told that their mutual sentiments were 
more those of father and son than of simple friends. Keokuk had been apprised 
of this, and, as it proved, knew how to 'make it tell." The appointed hour had 
been a long time passed, but as yet he made no sign of putting in an appear- 
ance, and at last the Governor began to grow impatient and to use some ex- 
pressions approbatory of the Hardfish promptitude. 

"At length, the first faint sounds of Keokuk's music came tioarino; throush 
the thickets, which greAv more audible as it neared, but never swelled up to the 
full tone of their more joyous notes; and as the front of their procession wound 
slowly into view, their lances and staves, instead of being decked in gaudy rib- 
bons and feathers to fiutter in the breeze, were wrapped round with wilted 
grass. No sound of bells responded to the tramp of their ponies ; and their 
own persons, instead of being painted in vermilion and dressed in bright colors, 
bare the usual funeral substitutes of clay and somber hues. In fact, all the 
paraphernalia of woe betokened some sad affliction. The Agent, after a 
hurried word with the interpreter, told the Governor that this was a funeral 
march, and that some one of their leading men must have died in the night, 
and lay, probably, yet unburied in the camp. The Hardfishes seemed as 
much at a loss as anybody, wondering who could have died without their know- 
ing it. 

" The solemn dirge ceased, and, dismounting, the several hundred savages, 
forming on foot, Avith Keokuk leading, marched into the yard and toward the 
Governor, who advanced a step or tAvo to meet him. when Keokuk, ordering a 
halt, signed the interpreter and said : ' Say to our new Father that, before I 
take his hand, I Avill explain to him what all this means. We Avere told, not 
long ago, that our Great Father ^-as dead. AYe have heard of him as a great 
war-chief, who had passed much of his life among the red men, and kneAv their 
Avants, and Ave believed we would ahvays have friendship and justice at his 
hand. His death has made us very sad, and, as this is our first opportunity, 
Ave thought it Avould be Avrong if Ave did not use it to show that the hearts of 
his red ciiildren, as Avell as his Avhite, know hoAv to mourn over their great loss, 
and Ave have had to keep our father Avaiting Avhile Ave performed that part of 
our mourning that Ave must ahvays attend to before Ave leave our lodges with 
our dead.' 

"Then, amid the murmur of approbation from his people, he stepped for- 
Avard and extended his hand. The hearty grasp with Avhich the Governor seized 
and clung to it, shoAved he had touched the right spot, and the Hardfishes must 
be content, thereafter, to take a back seat. When, years after, the Avriter was 
enjoying a day of the Governor's hospitality at Maysville, Ky., and the inci- 
dent coming up in conversation, the Governor was told that he must not credit 
Keokuk Avith the paternity of the entire ' plot,' but that his ingenuity Avas put 
into requisition only to manage the details, the kind old gentleman seemed 
greatly amused." 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 375 



WAPELLO S DEATH. 

An editorial in the Ottinnwa Courier of September 13, 1876, is here repro- 
duced, because of" its permanent value as an authentic sketch: 

" The old chief died at the forks of the Skunk River, March 15, 1842, and 
his remains were brought to the Indian Agency, near where Agency City is, 
now located, in an ox-wagon, and buried toward evening of the same day, with 
the customary Indian ceremonies. At his own request, he was buried bv the 
side of Gen. Street, in the garden of the Agency. Gen. Street had been an- 
Indian Agent at Prairie du Chein and at Rock Island. He came to the Agency 
of the Sacs and Foxes here in April, 1838, by assignment of the Commissioner 
of Indian Affairs, Judge Crawford, and died May 5, 1840. He was for many 
years in the Indian service, and, although always a strong Whig, he was yet a 
man of such experience and sterling integrity that he remained in office to the 
day of his death, in spite of his politics and the changes in administration. He 
was very popular with the Indians, and hence the desire of Wapello to be laid 
by the side of his honest pale-faced friend, which wish was gratified. Gen. 
Street left numerous children and grandchildren, none of whom reside here 
now. 

" Keokuk, Appanoose and nearly all the leading men among the Indians, 
were present at Wapello's funeral. The dead chief was the successor of Black 
Hawk in rank. If Wapello's name is translated into English, we are unac- 
quainted with the fact. He was chief of the Foxes as well as of the confeder- 
ated tribes of Sacs and Foxes, composed of the bands of Keokuk, Appanoose, 
Hardfish, Poweshiek and his own. Poweshiek succeeded him as the senior 
chief of the confederated tribes, while Poweshiek's tribe-leadership fell to Pashe- 
shamore (Pa-she-sha-more), who, from all accounts, was a good sort of an 
Indian. He went to the Indian Territory with the Sacs and Foxes, where the 
remnants of this dejected race still subsist upon the bounty of the Govern- 
ment." * 

Ere many more years are added to the pages of time, the last of these people 
will have gone to join the spirits of their ancestors in the " happy hunting- 
grounds," and will only be remembered in name. Within the last half-century 
they have rapidly diminished in numbers, and from a once aggressively brave 
and warlike tribe, they have fallen into sheerest dejection. There is left but 
little semblance of the spirit of Black Hawk's time and generation. Passion- 
less and dejected, like most of the remnants of the other tribes that have been 
congregated in the Indian Territory, they have become hopelessly indifferent, 
and seem to be calmly awaiting the coming of that fate which will remove from 
earth every vestige of the once proud tribe of which they are the only remain- 
ing representatives. 

° ^ KA-LA-WE-QUOIS. 

The traveler from Fort Madison to Montrose, thirty-five or forty years ago, 
having passed by several miles the Manitou, now called " Devil Creek," mio-ht 
have noticed an irregular group of gentle hillocks near the road, on the summit 
of the most conspicuous of which was a rude structure. This was a burial- 
place — the grave of Ka-la-we-quois, a half-breed damsel of the Sac tribe of 
Indians. The pen of Mrs. Sigourney has made this spot classic ground. Ka- 
la-we-quois died in August, 1887, of consumption, a disease almost unknown to 
the children of the forest, and was buried by moonlight, followed to her resting- 
place by one woman — that woman her mother. Dr. Isaac Galland, then pub- 
lishing " The Western Adventurer,'" at Montrose, penned and published her 



376 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

obituary notice, which, meeting the eye of Mrs. Sigourney, induced her to write 
some beautiful verses, which were first published in Dr. Galland's paper, under 
the title of 

THE INDIAN OIKl's BURIAL. 

A wail upon the prairies, 

A cry of woman's woe, 
That mingleth with the autumn blast, 

All fitfully and low. 
It is a mother's wailing! 

Hath earth another tone, 
Like that with which a mother mourns 

Her lost, her only one ? 

Pale faces gather round her ; 

They mark the storm-swell high 
That rends and wrecks the tossing soul, 

But the cold blue eyes are dry. 
Pale faces gazed ui^on her. 

As the wild winds caught her moan, 
But she was an Indian mother, 

So, she wept those tears alone. 

Long o'er that wasting idol, 

She watched, and toiled, and prayed, 
Though every dreary dawn revealed, 

Some ravage Death had made ; 
Till the fleshless sinews started, 

And Hope no opiate gave, 
And hoarse and hollow grew her voice — 

An echo from the grave. 

She was a gentle creature, 

Of raven eye and tress, 
Ajid dove-like were the tones that breath' d 

Her bosom's tenderness, 
Save when some quick emotion, 

The warm blood quickly sent • 

To revel in her olive cheek. 

So. richly eloquent. 

I said consumption smote her 

And the healei^'s art was vain, 
But she was an Indian maiden. 

And none deplored her pain ; — 
None, save the widow' d mother, 

Who now by her open tomb 
Is writhing like- the smitten wretch, 

Whom judgment marks for doom. 

Alas ! that lowly cabin 

That couch beside the wall, 
That seat beneath the mantling vine — 

They are lone and empty all. 
What hand shall pluck the tall green corn, 

That ripeneth on the plain, 
Since she for whom the board was spread 

Must ne' er return again ? 

Rest, rest then, Indian maiden ! 

Nor let thy murmuring shade 
Grieve that those pale-browed ones with scorn, 

Thy burial rite surveyed. 
There's many a king whose funeral 

A black-robed realm shall see — 
For whom no tear of grief is shed, 

Like that which falls for thee. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 377 

Yea, rest thee, forest maiden ! 

Beneath the native tree ; 
The proud may boast their little day, 

Then sink to dust like thee. 
But there's many a one whose funeral 

AVith nodding plumes may be. 
Whom nature nor affection mourns 

As now they mourn for thee. 
Hartford, September 12, 1837. 

For several years after the Indians removed from the eastern slope of Iowa, 
they returned annually to look after the last resting-places of their dead, clear 
away the rubbish that had accumulated, etc. This practice was to them what 
Decoration Day is to the pale-faces since the close of the late internecine strife. 
There was this difference : Indian decoration day was observed out of pure 
affection and love for the dead, while Decoration Day among their pale-faced 
successors has more pomp and display and more or less of political significance. 



POSSESSING THE LAND. 

MEMORANDUM. 

The history of this part of Iowa comprises two distinct eras — the Half-Breed era and the 
Pioneer era. 

The history of the Half-Breed era is fully covered in the " Recollections of Isaac R. Camp- 
bell," and the address of Capt. James W. Campbell delivered at the Old Settlers' Annual Re- 
union, at Warren Station, in September, 1875, both of which admirable productions are tran- 
scribed to these pages. 

THE PIONEER ERA. 

The Indian right to possession of the " Forty-Mile Strip " expired on the 
1st of June, 1833, after which the country was open to white settlement and 
occupancy. The G-alena section around Dubuque was the first great center of 
attraction, but as soon as the settlers commenced raising mineral, the United 
States appeared, by an agent, and assumed direct control of all the mineral- 
bearing land, and required the miners to take out permits for limited privileges, 
and to deliver the ore to a licensed smelter, who paid the Government a royalty 
on the lead manufactured. The restrictions became so exacting and so hard 
to enforce, that the Government abandoned them in 1846, and put the lands 
into market. 

The men who first came to the Dubuque region were not long in dicover- 
ing the exceeding beauty and fertility of the lands embraced in the Black 
Hawk Purchase, and their fame soon spread far and wide. Indiana was pretty 
well occupied ; Illinois, admitted into the Union in 1818, had received a large 
rush of immigration, and, pushing on through these States, adventurous men 
and women soon began to cross the Mississippi River and to settle in various 
parts of the famous Black Hawk lands of Iowa. So great was the desire of 
some men to secure claims m the new El Dorado that they did not wait for the 
expiration of the Indian limit of possession, but with more courage than dis- 
cretion, more enterprise than respect for Indian treaty-rights, or the good faith 
of the Government, intruded themselves on the domain in 1832. But 
such characters were not numerous, and were generally removed by United 
States soldiers. The removals, however, were not always permanent, for as 
soon as the soldiers were out of sight, the intruding " squatters " turned around 
and re- occupied their claims, as will be shown in another paragraph. 

Among others who came to the New Purchase before the expiration of the 
limit of Indian possession, was Mr. John Whitaker, now, and for several years, 



378 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

a resident of Fort Madison. Mr. Whitaker is a native of Washington County, 
Ya., where he was born on the 21st day of March, 1795, and was eighty-four 
years of age in March, 1879. When he was quite young, Mr. Whitaker's parents 
removed from Virginia to Tennessee. At the age of eighteen years, he enlisted in 
Capt. John Fagan's Company, Thirty-ninth United States Infanti-y, John Will- 
iams, Colonel, and Thomas H. Benton (afterward United States Senator for thirty 
years from Missouri), Lieutenant Colonel, and participated in the battle of Horse- 
Shoe Bend, on the Tallapoosa (x\labama) River, in' the war of 1812, which 
was fought under the dii-ection oi Gen. Jackson. Mr. Whitaker remembers the 
old hero with feelings akin to reverence, and speaks of him with the sincreest 
respect — almost veneration. 

After his discharge, at the end of his term of enlistment (one year), Mr. 
Whitaker returned home and married Miss Dorcas, daughter of George and 
Elizabeth Campbell, of Tennessee, and, after he became the father of five chil- 
dren, removed to Parke Co., Ind. He subsequently removed to Big Grove, 
Champaign Co., Ill, where he remained for four years. In October or November, 
1832, he came to the Black Hawk Purchase, and selected a claim in the Skunk 
River bottom (north side), at the* site of the present village of Augusta. On 
his first arrival there, Mr. Whitaker found that he had been preceded by Joseph 
Edwards and family, Jeremiah Buford, and his brother-in-lav/ (a single man), 
William Lee and family. Young L. Hughes and family, Joseph York and family, 
Jeremiah Cutbirth and family, and John Moore and family, who, in spite of the 
restrictions to the contrary, had "crossed the river," selected claims, built 
cabins on them and were living there. While Mr. Whitaker was in the neigh- 
borhood, a detachment of United States soldiers came and ordered the squatters 
to remove. Their goods, families, etc., were hurriedly put in " marching order," 
and the little colony was escorted up to Schoc-ko-kon Island, where they were 
allowed to go into camp. The soldiers went on toward Fort Armstrong, and 
the next morning the "squatters" marched back again and repossessed their 
cabins. 

Mr. Whitaker returned to Illinois, where he remained until February, when 
he came back and built a linn-log cabin, scutched down on the inside, into which 
he moved his family on the 12th day of May, 1833 — a little more than a month 
before the Indian title to possession became extinct. 

Mr. Whitaker states that when he moved his family to Skunk River, in 
May, 1833, there were only three or four cabins at Flint Hills (Burlington), 
and only two or three at Fort Madison. The settlers at the latter place were 
Peter Williams, J. Horton, August Horton, Richard Chaney, John H. and 
Nathaniel Knapp, Aaron White and Zack. Hawkins. 

James Bartlett and family, consisting of three boys, Forsyth L. Morgan 
(a step son), Henry D. and James, and one daughter, Mary Ann Bartlett, landed 
at what is now Keokuk, on the 4th day of July of this year. In 1829, this 
family removed from the lead mines at Galena to St. Louis, on a flatboat. 
They returned from the latter place on the steamboat " Warrior," Capt. 
Throckmorton, at the time mentioned. The elder Bartlett died at Keokuk, 
about the close of 1834. The son, James, went to California, during the gold 
excitement, where he died. Mary Ann married, and subsequently removed to 
Missouri, where she died. Forsyth L. Morgan is a farmer in Van Buren 
Township, and Henry D. Bartlett is in the grocery and prevision trade on John- 
son street, Keokuk. Of the settlers of 1833, Henry D. Bartlett and Morgan 
L. Forsyth are probably the only survivors. Mr. Whitaker did not become a 
resident of Lee County until a number of years after his settlement at Augusta, 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 379 

and, although he is one of the oldest pioneers to the Black Hawk Purchase, 
and for several years past a citizen of Fort Madison, he does not claim to date 
his residence in the territory of Lee from 1883. 

John Box came over from Illinois, and selected a claim and built a cabin near 
the present residence of Jonas S. Knapp, Esq., in the fall of this year. He 
"was a representative pioneer, and was chosen as one of the seven Representa- 
tives from Des Moines County (of which Lee County then formed a part), to 
the first session of the Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, which met at Bel- 
mont, Wis., on the 25th day of October, 1836. [See page 174.] 

It is not to be presumed that the names thus far mentioned, including Isaac 
R. Campbell and Valencourt Vanausdol and the names they give in their con- 
tributions to these pages, represent all the settlers that were here in 1833, but 
they are all of whom any direct or reliable trace can be had. 

In 1834, there was an increased immigration, and a number of claims were 
made in different parts of the country. Among the settlers of this year the 
names of the following appear on the Old Settlers' record : 

Alexander Cruickshank, a native of Norway, but of Scotch parentage, 
landed at Fort Madison on the 4th day of March, 1834, and has been a resi- 
dent of the county ever since. William Skinner and his wife, natives of Penn- 
sylvania, and George Wilson and his wife, Rebecca, of Tennessee, came during 
the same month. Devore Palmer came up from Missouri, in May. James C. 
Parrott (now Postmaster at Keokuk), of Maryland, dates his residence from 
September of this year. Henr}^ Judy, of Ohio, came sometime in the fall. 
John and Joseph Hellman, natives of Germany, came this season, but the date 
of their arrival is not given. Susan Drollinger, was born in Illinois, and was a 
baby in arms when her parents settled here in 1834. A. W. Harlan, for 
twenty-five years a resident of Van Buren Township, came this year and helped 
build the Des Moines barracks. 

As in 1833, there were unquestionably a number of other settlers in 1834, 
but their names and date of arrival have not been so preserved as to be accessible. 

Mr. Cruickshank first visited "Foot of the Rapids," in the fall of 1832. 
At that time " Rat Row," comprised about all the buildings at that place. In 
the summer of 1833, he burned a kiln of brick at Montebello on the Illinois 
side of the river, opposite Price's Run (Price's Creek). He sold the brick to 
Nauvoo and Carthage. Dr. Galland bought and hauled to Nauvoo, what were 
sold to that place. • 

In the beginning of 1834, Mr. Cruickshank took unto himself a wife in the 
person of Miss Keziah Perkins, of Hancock County, 111. A short time after 
his marriage, he started for the Black Hawk country to locate a home for him- 
self and wife. When he reached the Mississippi River opposite Puck-a-she-tuck, 
he hired a canoe, and being an old sailor he made a sail out of his blanket, and 
started up the river for Fort Madison. The river was rough and several times 
he expected himself and canoe would part company, but he weathered the gale 
and landed safely at Fort Madison. At that time, there was no sign of a settle- 
ment west of the few cabins at Fort Madison, but having come to locate a home 
for himself and the wife he had recently taken, he started back into the interior 
toward Skunk River. After prospecting a little, he selected a claim in what 
is now Pleasant Ridge Township, about two miles from that stream, and about 
the same distance to the southeast from the present village of Lowell. He pre- 
pared a shanty, and when the spring opened, he broke up about eleven acres of 
the virgin soil, which he planted to corn and raised a very good crop of sod- 
corn. 



380 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY, 

During the summer he assisted in building the barracks at Fort Des Moines 
(Montrose). He burned a kiln of lime that season, 596 bushels of which he 
sold to the United States at 12| cents per bushel. His limekiln was of the 
most primitive kind — a layer of logs and then a layer of stone. When the 
kiln was large enough the heap was fired from the bottom. The site of this 
first limekiln in Lee County was just below the " Old Orchard." He also built 
several of the stone chimneys to the barracks. When the troops came in from 
the plains in November, 1834, the barracks were ready for occupancy. 

In the fall of 1834, Mr. Cruickshank sold his first claim, which is now cov- 
ered in part by the farm of the widow of the late Col. Price. After the sale, 
he selected another one near what is now Clay Grove, and included in the farm 
of Berry Wilcoxson, Esq. During the winter, Mr. C. lived alone in the midst 
of the wilderness, and once, for a period of six weeks, did not see the face of 
a white man. A large party of Indians were encamped that winter on the site 
now covered by the village of Lowell, but they never offered him any violence. 
In the spring of 1835, his wife and her family came from Illinois, and joined 
him in his wilderness home. In the season of 1835, Mr. C. raised about twenty 
acres of sod-corn on his second claim. In that fall, he sold this claim to a man 
named Davis, who in turn sold it to John Martin, who moved to and occupied 
it in the spring of 1836. In 1836, Mr. Cruickshank made a third claim at 
the site of his present homestead, which he has continued to occupy from the 
time his first cabin was built thereon. 

Mr. William Skinner, the second one of the only four surviving settlers of 
1834, was born in Franklin County, Penn., on the 5th of April, 1795. He 
married in 1816, and, in the next year, he removed to Ohio and settled near 
Cincinnati, where his wife died. In 1830, he married a second wife, Elenora 
Ferre, a native of Maryland. In March, 1834, he left his old home near Cin- 
cinnati, and came direct to Fort Edwards (now Warsaw, 111.), coming by water the 
entire distance. At St. Louis, they took passage on the steamboat "Veteran," 
and were just one week in making Fort Edwards. After stopping two weeks at 
Fort Edwards, Mr. Skinner secured two canoes, which he lashed together, and 
on which he moved his family and all their household eff'ects across the river to 
the foot of the Rapids, or the " Point." At that time, says Mr. Skinner, Isaac 
R. Campbell and his family, Moses Stillwell and family, and Valencourt Van- 
ausdol and the Bartlett family, were living there, and represented the bulk of 
the white population. Mr. Skinner moved into Stillwell's frame shanty, which 
he had built on the side of the hill, but which he was not occupying at the 
time. 

About the time Mr. Skinner arrived at the "Point," Lieut. Grossman cataie 
up from St. Louis with a gang of men to build the barracks at the " Old 
Orchard" (Montrose). Skinner was employed to make 20,000 clapboards, the 
timber for which he cut along the river bluffs between Keokuk and the site of 
the barracks, wherever good timber could be found, and for which he was paid 
|20 per 1,000, delivered on the barracks ground. He completed the contract 
in June, and was then hired to superintend the erection of the log buildings, 
of which the barracks were composed, for out of his entire force Lieut. Cross - 
man did not have one man that knew enough to build a cabin. For this service, 
Mr. Skinner received a compensation of $60 per month. He also superintended 
the cutting of grass and making hay, and the general preparations for the 
dragoons who were expected to come in from the plains. His son Wilson, then 
a lad of twelve years, was also employed, at $12 per month, to drive an ox-team 
and do other light work. Mr. Skinner also built a house for Col, Kearney^ 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 381 

when that officer arrived ; and Mrs. Skinner kept a mess-room, and several of 
the officers of the barracks boarded with her, until her husband removed from 
the barracks. 

During that summer, Mr. Skinner selected a claim on Sugar Creek. On 
the 2d of December, he left the barracks and went out to occupy his claim. For 
the first two weeks, his family, consisting of his wife and three children (by his 
first wife) lived in an Indian camp that had been built by Black Hawk for use 
during the sugar-making season. It was built of poles and covered with bark, 
and stood on the east bank of Sugar Creek, near the present crossing of the 
Burlington & Southwestern Railroad. His first cabin was built on the west 
bank of the creek, near the present residence of Henry Applegate. No one 
lived nearer than Fort Madison, and, during the winter (1834-35), the Skin- 
ner family were completely isolated from neighbors. Three years later, Mr. 
Skinner sold that claim to Henry Applegate, and bought a claim made by a 
man named Baker, which he has occupied ever since. 

Gen. James C. Parrott, the third one of the four surviving settlers of 1834, 
and late Postmaster at Keokuk, whose arrival is credited to November in that 
year, came to Fort Des Moines with the troops, and was First Sergeant of one 
of the companies. He has remained a resident of the county ever since. He 
was Colonel of the Seventh Iowa Infantry, in the war of the great rebellion, 
and made a good record. 

A. W. Harlan, the fourth citizen that claims a residence here since 1834, 
has maintained a permanent residence in Van Buren Township for twenty-five 
years. 

Joseph White, Samuel Ross and Benjamin Box settled in what is now 
Washington Township. Previous to crossing the river, Joseph White had lived 
at Commerce, now Nauvoo. Samuel Ross came from Louisville, Ky. '' He 
was," says John 0. Smith, "a polished gentleman, of fine education, and too 
good a man to settle in so new a country as this was at that time." 

Hiram C. Smith made a claim on what is now known as the Graham farm, 
on the Fort Madison and West Point road. The next spring, however, he went 
to the present site of Lowell, in Henry County, and built a mill ; so that, in 
point of fact, he can hardly be recognized as a settler in what is now Lee 
County, as his residence^ here was only temporary. He died in 1839, from dis- 
ease and sickness brought on by overexertion in shouldering and carrying sacks 
of corn from canoes up to his mill, as described elsewhere. 

John Gregg selected and improved the claim that is now covered by the 
beautiful farm of William Winterbotham, in Washington Township. 

FORT DES MOINES. 

The barracks known as Fort Des Moines, were built under the supervision 
of Lieut. Crossman, in the spring and summer of 1834. They were occupied 
the 1st of November, by three companies of the First U. 'S. Dragoons, under 
command of Lieut. Col. Stephen W. Kearney. The command consisted of 
Companies B, H and I, of which E. V. Sumner, Nathaniel Boone, a son of 
Daniel Boone, of Kentucky, and Jesse B. Browne were the respective Captains. 
Each company occupied one long building, with a stone chimney in the center. 
The two end rooms were used as sleeping-quarters, and the rooms on each side 
of the chimneys as mess-rooms. Col. Kearney's quarters were built of willow 
logs, cut and hauled from the island. The logs were lightly " scutched " on the 
outside, and, the next spring, the building was covered with green sprouts that 
grew out from the scarified logs. Col. Parrott says it was then the prettiest 



382 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

liouse he ever saw. After the barracks were abandoned, the Colonel's building 
was used as a hotel, and was called the " River House." It was kept by Will- 
iam Coleman. The stables were framed at Jefterson Barracks, at St. Louis, 
brought up by boat and put together on the ground. 

The barracks were occupied until the spring of 1837, when the troops were 
removed to Fort Leavenworth, Kan. 

Col. Kearney was highly esteemed, by the settlers of that period, for his 
successful efforts in teaching the ruffians that flocked here in early times their 
first lessons of civilization and respect for the rights of their fellow-men. He 
pi-oclaimed martial law throughout his district, out of which grew the full exer- 
cise of the civil code. Before the arrival of the dragoons and the proclama- 
tion of martial law, there was no recognized law, no courts or justices of the 
peace, until 1834, and the honest, well-disposed settlers were at the mercy of 
the bold, unprincipled cut-throats that always hover around the borders of civ- 
ilization like scouts before the march of an invading army. Under Col. Kear- 
ney's firm, determined rule, with the Capts. Sumner, Boone and Browne, to see 
that his orders were enforced, the pillaging, dishonest adventurers and disturb- 
ing elements were soon taught to respect the rights of their fellow-men or 
forced to flee the wrath to come. Mr. Isaac R. Campbell, in his " Recollec- 
tions of the Early Settlement," which is elsewhere published, pays a very 
graceful tribute to the memory of Capts. Sumner, Boone and Browne when he 
says they " will ever be remembered by the surviving pioneers of the Half- 
breed Tract, for it was through their vigilance that civilization received it first 
impetus. Their bayonets taught us to respect the rights of others, and from 
martial law we learned the necessity of a civil code." 

The ofiicers at Montrose were great friends of Campbell, particularly Sum- 
ner and Browne, and the latter often stopped with him for days at a time. 
These two officers, on different occasions, would come with details of soldiers 
for corn to feed the horses of the United States Dragoons at that post, and when 
Sumner and Browne came, they always were liberal with the soldiers, giving 
them all the whisky they could drink or stow away in their canteens, and also 
took a liberal supply themselves, as Campbell was generous with his whisky, 
which he had to keep in those days or not keep a store, but never drank a drop 
himself. As a consequence, the corn for the horses was strewed along the road 
from Keokuk to Montrose. 

RELICS. 

The furniture used at Fort Des Moines is now in the possession of J. B. 
Knight, Esq., of Keokuk. It is in a good state of preservation, and consists 
of two cherry- lumber falling-leaf tables ; a large, old-fashioned haircloth sofa, 
which opens out and can be used for a bedstead, as^ when opened, it has a hair 
mattress inside; also a large haircloth-covered rocking-chair, in which Gens. 
Scott, Robert E. Lee, Sumner and Browne, then Captains. Lieut. Roberts, Jeff 
Davis, Harney, Kearney and many other distinguished men have been seated. 

PERSONAL SKETCHES AND ANECDOTES. 

For the following personal sketches and anecdotes of some of the officers 
and times of Fort Des Moines the readers of this volume are indebted to Col. 
J. M. Reid's " Sketches and Anecdotes of the Old Settlers and New-Comers," 
published in 1877 : 

" The military post at Montrose was commanded by Cols. Kearney and Mason 
as Fort Des Moines from 1834 to 1837, and for three years got its supplies 
from Keokuk. Capt. Sumner, a General in the war of 1861, who was every 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 383 

mch a soldier, was stationed at Montrose, as also Capt. Jesse B. Browne. Browne 
subsequently figured as a politician after his resignation from the service, of 
whom many good stories are told, his sobriquet being, the ' Tall Cedar of Leb- 
anon." Ben S. Roberts was then a young Lieutenant, but in later years, be- 
came a full-fledged Captain, and made a gallant record in the Mexican war, 
where he distinguished himself b}^ capturing Gen. Torrejohn, whose sword is 
now in the Adjutant Greneral's office at Des Moines. For this act the Legisla- 
ture voted him its thanks and a sword. Roberts was a Brigadier General of 
note in the late war ; was Chief of Gen. Pope's staff at the second battle of 
JBull Run ; was the principal witness against Fitz John Porter when he was 
<30urt-martialed and dismissed from the service, and afterward a commandant of 
this State, with headquarters at Davenport. 

" ' Benny,' as he was familiarly called, was a character, and one of the best 
-Story-tellers we ever heard, and could relate many very amusing incidents about 
the military post and the old settlers. When first assigned to duty, after he 
graduated at West Point, he reported to the commanding officer at Montrose 
in full dress, inexperienced and verdant, with full beard and ban- a little too 
long to comply with the strict requirements of the army regulations. Kearney, 
a bluff old soldier, immediately ordered him to get his hair cut and cleanly 
shaved. Soon after he was sent with a detail of men to build a log cabin 
for quarters. ' Benny ' succeeded in getting the cabin raised, and covered and 
then discovered that it was without doors and windows. He didn't know enough 
to know that pioneer cabin-builders always cut out their doors and windows after 
their cabins were raised. West Point didn't teach the art of cabin-building, 
and so he ordered^his men to tear it down and cut out the doors and windows, 
much to the amusement of the pioneer soldiers, who knew how to build cabins. 
In after years, Roberts used to tell this story on himself and enjoy the laugh 
that followed as heartily as any one. 

'' From some cause — it is said from having charge of Government funds in 
paper which became depreciated and left him a defaulter — Roberts was dis- 
missed from the service, but tendered his services to the Government at the 
breaking-out of the Mexican war, and was made Captain of a company of 
Mounted Rifles. He was subsequently restored to his full rank with arrears of 
pay from the date of his dismissal, and promoted in the line of his rank the 
same as if he had remained in the service all the time. 

" While he was out of the service he practiced law at Fort Madison, and 
was a Justice of the Peace. At one time, he wanted to transfer a town lot to 
liis mother-in-law, Mrs. Sperry. He made out the deed, which was signed by 
himself and wife, and then certifie«l as Justice of the Peace to the acknowledg- 
ment before himself, which is still preserved amuug the county records. 

•* At the close of the Mexican war, having a lawsuit in the Court at Fort 
Madison, involving the validity of the decree title, in which suit in chancery he 
claimed an interest in the Half-Breed Tract, not admitted in the decree, he came 
into court in full dress uniform as a Captain, with his blue coat and pants and 
brass buttons, Avith belt, sword and epaulets to make an argument and create an 
impression, which he did, as the New York Company compromised with him 
and paid him over $3,000 to quit." 

" While in the service on the plains, he got thrown from his horse and 
severely injured, in consequence of which he lost his voice for some time and 
could only speak in a whisper. He got leave of absence and went to Washing- 
ton to look after a soft place, and while there kept interviewing Old Marcy.. 
then Secretary of War, till one day the Secretary said to a friend ' he had got 



884 HISTORY OF l.KK OOUXTY. 

tu'ed of hearing that whi^fHMing. It followed him every plaee he went," for 
' Benny ' was persevering. So lie sent him to eomniand a post on the frontiers 
in New Mexieo. jnst what he wanted, for if he eould not be in Washington, 
' Benny." who loved a little anthority, no matter how brief, Ava^ satisfied, and went 
to his post. Here he set to work and in a short tinu^ eaptnred a lot of Mexiean 
thieves and outlaws Avho had been making raids into our territory, and ereated 
a big sensation by hanging them all. It was a summary proeeeding. and there 
is no doubt he served them right : for if they did not deserve to be hanged for 
the oftenses with whieh they were ehavged, they did deserve it upon general 
principles, and as amusements were at that remote (Quarter very searee, it made 
a good time and a public day for the soldiers." 

nUST IOWA OOINI'IKS. 

Under an aet of Congress approved June -8, 18o4. the Black Hawk Pur- 
chase, and all the territory west of the Mississippi River, and north of Mis- 
souri, \va^ attached to Michigan Territory. In September following, during 
the Sixth Session of the Legislative Council of Michigan Territory, the " Forty- 
Mile Strip '" was divided into two comities — Dubu(|ue and Des Moines. 
Dubuque was declared to be the county seat of Pubuqiie County, ami Burling- 
ton of Des Moines County. John King, of Ohio, was appointed to be Chief 
Justice of Dubuque County, and Isaac T.etHer, of Des Moines County. When 
King went to Dubuque he took with him a newspaper outfit, and had the honor 
to print and publish the first newspaper west of the Mississippi River and north 
of Missouri. 

FVHSr Kl.KOriON. 

The first election in Southen\ loAva was for the choice of othcers tor Des Moines 
County as above established, and waj; held in the fall of l8->4. William Mor- 
gjvn was elected as Presiding Judge : llenvy Walker and Young L. Hughes, 
Associate Judges of the District Court : W. W. Chapnuvn, Prosecuting Attor- 
ney : W. R. Ross, Clerk, Recorder and Assessor: Solomon Perkins, Sherift'; 
and John Whitaker (then of Augusta, but now living in Fort Madison"), Judge 
of Probate. There were only two voting-places in the couitty — at Burlington 
and Fort Madison. 

John Barker and Richard Land were appointed and comunssioned as Jus- 
tices of the Peace, by the Governor of Michigan Territory, in l8o4, and were 
the first Justices. 

TllK FIKST COlUr. 

The first court ever held in Southern Lnva convened at the house of Mr. 
Ross, on the block immediately east of the public square, at Burlingtoi\, in the 
spriuii of 1885. Judges presiding: Willian\ Morgan, Henry ^^ alker and 
Young L. Hughes. • Resident lawyers : W. W. Chapman, Robert Williams, 
Isaac Lefher, Jcx^eph B. Teas. Visitiuii' lawvers : Mr. Little, of Cartluige, 
Til., and James W. Woods, usually called '• Old Timber." 

Some soldiers from Fort Des Moines i^JMontroso^ were tried for some mis- 
demeanor at this first term of the court, and were defended by (^then'i Captain 
Browne, who paid their fines. 

Isaac Leitter succeeded Morgan as Presiding Judge in 18^^. The County 
Courts in those days were composed of one presiding ami two associate justices 
or judges. 



HISTORY OK M'lK COIINTV. 385 



SI^]TTLEKS OF 18;}r) AND is:{*;. 



As Hooii !is the '' loads sottlcni " and iiavif2;at.i()n u})i!iiod in tlu; s{)ring of 
ISoo, honui-Hcekcrs and claini-huntcrs began to come in pretty numerously. 
Suuietiines the "■ head of ihi' laniily " eanie first and seU^cted a location, and 
tlicn went back and brougiit on tlie fiimily. In other cases, tlie entire family 
oanie on at onetime — sometimes coming all the way from th(> old homes in Ohio, 
Indiana, Kentucky, A^irginia, Pennsylvania or New York in wagons, and some- 
times by boats down the Ohio and then up the Mississippi. 

Among others who came this ye;i,r, the names of the following men and 
wdtnen are found on the Old Settlers' Record. In some instances the date of 
arrival and mitivity are recorded ; in other cases, tlntt information is not given : 

On the LM day of April, 18;ir), Lewis Pilinan and his family, froni Ken- 
tucky, arrived on the east side of the Mississippi River, were ferried over and 
hmded opposite the present site of the ].\'nitentiary. 'IMu! family consisted of 
Mr. I'itman, his wife and seven children — Lindsey (i., OranvilleW., Lewis G., 
Ivicli:ird VV., Maiy K., Martha, A. and Stephen ii. Pitman selected a claim 
:ind settled in what aie now Sections 2 and ;> and 10 and 11, in West Point 
Township. . There were no township or section lines estiiblished at that time, 
ajid he selected his claim at random. When the lines were established, it was 
found that his claim took in a |)art of each of the sections named. The old 
Pitman farm is now owned by Ivichard W., Lewis (I. and (Jra-nville W. Pitman 
— three sons of Lewis Pitman — who grew to nianhood and middle age and 
usefulness on the "'old claim." The father d'wd in February, IStrJ, :nul the 
mother in March, 1875. 

Stephen Pei'kins, the fatJuM- of the first Mrs. Alexander Cruicksliank, and 
his son (ileorge, came from Illinois. The elder Perkins locati^d the claim now 
covered by the farm of Arch Oourtright, adjoining (^hiy Ciirove, in Harrison 
Township. He subseipieiitly removed to Missouri. 

F.dley McN'ey and Miles Driscoll, says Mr. Alexander Cruicksliank, came with 
Stephen Perkins and located claims near the present site of Dover. McVey's 
claim was about one and a half miles east of Dover. MeVeyand Driscoll were 
brothers-in-law, and came from Southern Illinois. McYey and Driscoll subse- 
quently removed to Jefferson County, where McVey died, and where Driscoll 
is still living. 

Joshua Owens, the first Siieriff of Leo County (by appointment), made a 
claim and settled in the near neighborhood of the present Lost Creek Christian 
Church. Isaac Briggs settled in the same vicinity. 

Dr. Campbell Gilmer, the first disciple of /Ksculapius to commence the 
practice of meilicine in the vicinity, settled three miles northwest of Fort 
Madison, where he continued to reside until his death, on the !)th of July, 18G5, 
His birth occurred on the 8tli day of the month. At the time of his death he 
was living with his second wife. Each of his marriages had been solemnized 
on the 8th, and in his last illness, he conceived the idea that his death would 
occur on the 8th, but he was spared till the !Uh. The claim upon which he 
settled remained in the possession of the family until IS70, when the farm was 
sold to Gotfred Beuchel. At the time of his settlement there. Dr. Gilmer's 
family consisted of his wife and four children — Robert, Rufus, Ellen and Juliet. 
The two former are in California. Ellen nuirried William Malcomb, and died 
in the winter of 187:}. Juliet married Bowen Hunt, and after his death, re- 
married, and is now the wife of John Beans, and is living in Van Buren County, 



386 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Mrs. Gilmer (the second) died in Fort Madison on the 15th of June, 1877. 
Will S. Gilmer, the youngest son, who was born on the old claim, is the only- 
one of the family remaining in the county. 

At the time Dr. Gilmer settled here, there was not a practicing physician 
in thi s part of the county, and his practice extended many miles in all direc- 
tions • And his neighbors who survive him tell it, to his credit and honor, that 
he never refused to visit the sick and the suffering, no matter what the condition 
of the weather, nor at what hour of the night the call came. He never stopped 
to inquire whether the patient was able to pay, but went as readily and quickly 
to the bedside of the poor and impoverished as to the rich. If he ever made 
any difference, it was in favor of the poor. He was a lai'ge-hearted, generous, 
noble man, ajid no one was ever allowed to languish and suffer to whom he 
could administer relief. 

Samuel Paschal, a native of Tennesee, after a ten-years residence in 
Illinois, settled in what is now Marion Township, in the fall. Mr. Paschal is 
still living ; his wife died in the early summer of this year. 

E. S. McCullough, another Tennessean. made a claim in what is now Har- 
rison Township. 

P. Philander Jones, is a native of New York, and came to what is now 
Washington Township, where he still lives, about the 15th of April. 

William M. May came with his mother from Illinois. His father died on 
the way, but with the grit of a '' woman when she says she will, she will, 
you may depend on't : and when she says she won't, she won't, and that's the 
end on't, " came on to the new .purchase, and settled near William May's pres- 
ent residence, in Marion Township. 

William M. Davis, of Ohio, settled on a claim in what is now Washington 
Township. Mr. and Mrs. Davis died within six months of each other in 1876. 

John R. and Robert Herring were boys when their parents came from Ohio 
and settled in what is Washington Township. The sons here named have 
always lived in the neighborhood of the claim their father selected, except a few 
years they spent in California. 

The brothers, William and Isham Burton, came from Indiana and made 
claims in the neighborhood of the present village of West Point. These 
brothers are still living in the county. They have the honor of making the 
bricks that were used in the erection of the old Pi-esbyterian Church at West 
Point, which is believed to have been the first church edifice erected in what is 
now the State of Iowa. The building was torn down in later years, and part of 
the old material Avas used in the walls of the present Presbyterian Church edifice 
at that place. Gen. A. C. Dodge, the first delegate elected to Congress from 
Iowa Territory, made the opening speech of the campaign in this old church. 

John 0. Smith, of North Carolina, settled in the neighborhood of what is 
now Denmark in April, has resided in that vicinity ever since, and is now 
Postmaster at that enterprising and thrifty Yankee village. 

J. E. Pedigo was a single man, and came from Tennessee. The record 
does not show where he settled. He married Elizabeth Hayes on the 17th day 
of February, A. D. 1840. 

Mrs. Emily Stewart and her two children, Martha (the wife of Dr. 
Joel C. Walker), and Joseph B. Stewart, now of Des Moines, came up from 
Hannibal, Mo., and settled on a claim three miles north of Fort Madison. 

The Old Settlers' record bears the name of Almeda A. Douglass, who makes 
this statement: "I was born in Chester, Orange Co., N. Y., August 28, 
1813 ; I left Penn Yan, Yates Co., N. Y., with ray husband, Joseph S. Doug- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 387 

lass, my son George, and little daughter Mary, on the 25th of August, 1835^ 
for the"' Far West." We arrived at Fort Madison (then in Michigan Territory), 
on the 9th day of October, 1835, having been over six weeks on the way. 
During the trip, our little daughter, then thirteen months old, sickened and 
died, a^nd was buried eighteen miles this side of Chicago. We came all the way 
in our own conveyance. 

" My mother, Mrs. Harriet Knapp, my sister Elizabeth, afterward Mrs. 
Eno, and two brothers, Jonas S. and John, came in company with us. My 
father. Gen. John H. Knapp, preceded us in the summer of 1833 — over two 
years before we came — and was one of the first who laid out the town of Fort 
Madison." 

These parties last named, all settled at Fort Madison. ♦ 

In 1834, a young man named Whitaker located a claim on the land upon 
which the village of West Point is now situated, but was never considered a 
"■ settler.'" " He was a young man of fine education," says Mr. Cruickshank, 
" an excellent surveyor, but was of a roving disposition, and had wandered to 
Texas before the rebellion against Mexico." In 1835, Whitaker sold his claim 
to a person named Howell, from Illinois. 

Zedekiah Cleveland, from Washington County, N. Y., settled about two 
miles west of W^est Point. 

It is fair to presume that there were a large number of other settlers, this 
year, who scattered themselves about in difi'erent parts of the county. Some of 
them, perhaps, are still living on the lands upon which they filed their claims, 
which were perfected by deeds from Uncle Sam. And there is no doubt 
that many others, in a few years, when settlements got top thick for their 
notions of ease, comfort and freedom, sold out their possessions, " pulled 
up stakes," and moved on after the Indians. Others, again, no doubt, paid the 
debt of nature and found a last resting-place near the homes they founded in 
the wilderness. And thus, one by one, of those who were well known when 
they first came, dropped out of sight and out of memory, except the more 
prominent ones who were spared to make their mark in their respective neigh- 
borhoods, or write their names in the Old Settlers' record. It is not to be sup- 
posed that, in the absence of written records, every one who was here in 1835, 
nearly half a century ago, can be identified and located by the few survivors- 
of that period. It would be a remarkable memory that could do this — that 
could keep pace with the changes that forty-three years bring in the history of 
any community, particularly in a pioneer community, many of whom are of a 
restless, roving, discontented nature. tr 

West of the "Father of Waters," when the first settlers found their way 
out toward West Point, Denmark and other parts of the Skunk River Valley^ 
there were no roads. When once a pioneer crossed the great river, he left 
behind, if we may except the foAV miners' and traders' cabins that sprang up at 
Dubuque and elsewhere, all evidences of the civilizing influences and surround- 
ings of white people. A pocket compass or the north star was the only 
guide. Hundreds of the first pioneers to the " Forty-Mile Strip " of Iowa 
had no definite point of settlement in view when' they left their old homes to 
found new ones in the Far West beyond the Mississippi : but, bold, fearless, 
determined and resolute, they pushed on and on until they found a locality to 
suit their fancy, and then pitched their tents or lived in their wagons — those 
great, schooner-like concerns of the Conestoga (Pennsylvania) kind. (that would 
hold about as much as an ordinary canal-boat), brush-tents, deserted Indian 
wigwams or rail pens, protected with quilts, blankets and coverlets. 



388 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

1836. — This year there was a very material increase in the population by 
immigration over that reported at the close of 1835. In fact the rush was so 
great during the summer season, says Judge Whitaker and others, that the 
small ferry-boat at Fort Madison was kept busy almost day and night, crossing 
those who came by land. Besides, large numbers came by the river, landijag at 
•either Fort Madison or Keokuk. Every visitor and prospector to the new pur- 
chase — every one who made a claim — was so well pleased with the country that 
the golden stories they conveyed to their friends at the old homes excited admi- 
ration and a desire to come and possess some part of the land that needed to be 
stirred with the plow and tickled with the hoe, to render ample and remunera- 
tive returns to tillers of the soil. Those who came in time to plow and plant 
in 1835, raised good crops in 1836, and prosperity began to hover over and 
around the settlers on the Black Hawk Purchase. 

The following are named among the settlers who came in this year. With 
these we abandon the effort to "keep track " of the arrivals: 

R. F. Warnock, a Kentuckian, landed at Keokuk, on the 3d day of April. 

John G. Kennedy, a native of Granville County, N. C, removed with his 
parents, when quite young, to Tennessee. In later years, he emigrated to Illi- 
nois, and came from Illinois to Fort Madison, landing there on the 12th day of 
April, where he has ever since remained. 

Jacob Cutler arrived first from Illinois in the fall of 1835. about the time 
lots commenced selling in Fort Madison. He purchased a building-site on the 
river-bank, nearly in front of the present site of McConns Mill. The frame 
of a building occupied the ground at the time of purchase. Soon after the pur- 
chase, Mr. Cutler went to St. Louis, where he secured lumber to complete the 
building, and at the same time purchased a general stock of merchandise, which 
he opened to sale as soon as the building was in readiness. Then contracting 
for the erection of a cabin for a dwelling-place for his family, he left his store 
in charge of Enoch Gilbert, and returned to Illinois,. where he spent the winter. 
In April, 1836, he moved his family to their new home. The family consisted 
of Mrs. Cutler, and four children — Otway, the oldest, and still a resident of the 
county ; Thomas, who studied medicine, and emigrated to California, in 1849, 
where he died in January, 1850 ; Rebecca, now Mrs. Espy, still living in Fort 
Madison, and Charlotte, the youngest, who died the same season, wh'en between 
three and four years of age. The same building in which Mr. Cutler com- 
menced selling goods is still standing at the corner of Broadway and Front 
street, and is occupied by Charles Frank, grocer. Mr. Cutler died in March, 
1863, and Mrs. Cutler in 1875. 

James Bullard and family came from Illinois in April. The Bullard family 
settled on what is now the H. A. Richardson farm, about two miles west of 
Fort Madison. 

Abraham Henkle settled in what is now Van Buren Township in June. His 
son Amos still lives there. Eliza Jane Henkle, daughter of Z. Henkle, and 
grand-daughter of Abraham Henkle, was born in 1836, and was the first birth 
in that then remote settlement. 

William Patterson and family came from Virginia. They arrived at Fort 
Madison in May, and settled at West Point. After remaining there a number 
of years, they I'emoved to Keokuk, where they still reside. 

R. P. Creel, of Kentucky, came in June, and settled near the present site 
of West Point. He now lives at Keokuk. 

Peter Miller and his family, natives of Maryland, arrived at Fort Madison 
on the 22d day of September. Their first residence was an old shell of a house 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 391 

that had been deserted, and, doorless, had afforded a retreat for cattle, etc. 
The cattle were driven out, the house was cleaned out and Peter and his family 
moved in. Miller soon after commenced merchandising, in which he was suc- 
cessful. He afterward became prominently identified with the public afiairs of 
the city and county, and filled the office of County Commissioner, County 
Treasurer, Sherifi", etc. He still remains in Fort Madison, where he is engaged 
in milling, etc. 

James Foggy and Margaret Damon, of Virginia, also arrived in August 
and settled in what is now Pleasant Ridge Township. 

Aaron Johnson, of Illinois, came in September, and settled in Fort Madi- 
son, and has lived in the county ever since, except about eighteen months that 
he spent in California. 

John Saville and wife came in the fall. After the death of Mr. Saville, his 
widow married John Herron. 

John Sawyer, a son of the old " Bay State" (Massachusetts), arrived in Oc- 
tober, and made a claim in Washington Township, where he built a cabin of 
hickory logs. 

Frederick Haffher was born in Bavaria and came to Lee County in Octo- 
ber. He first settled on Sugar Creek. He now lives in Franklin Township. 

Alfred Roberts' father came from the Buckeye State in the fall, and settled 
at the foot of "Nigger Bend," on the rapids, about one and a half miles below 
Sandusky. A few years ago, Mr. Roberts moved to Texas, where he died in 
the spring of 1878.- 

Dr. Joel C. Walker was born in Springfield, Clark County, Ohio, and set- 
tled at Fort Madison on the 28th of December, and has resided there ever 
since. 

Henry and Jacob Abel, natives of Germany, came during the year and set- 
tled west of Fort Madison, near Franklin. 

Curtis Shcdd, Lewis Epps and Timothy Fox and their families, and Sam- 
uel Houston, came from New Hampshire and settled at the present site of the 
village of Denmark. William Brown and family, of Massachusetts, came soon 
after and settled at the same place. 

Elias and James Overton, Solomon Jackson, Luke Alphin and Joseph Car- 
mack settled in the immediate vicinity of Alexander Cruickshank. 

James Scott, Levi Jackson and David Driscoll and their families settled in 
the West Point neighborhood. 

Isaac McDaniel, of North Carolina, located in what is now Cedar Township, 
where he is still living. Nathaniel Anderson, William Warren and family, Ben 
Warren and Paul Bratton, all from Illinois, were his neighbors. 
• D. T. McCullough, a South Carolinian, settled in what is now Harrison 
Township. 

E. S. McCulloch, a Tennessean, settled on the site of his present farm in 
Harrison Township, when there were but three families in that neighborhood. 
In 1841 (March 25), he married Miss Mary Ann Paisley, daughter of William 
Paisley. Mr. McCulloch became a useful and influential citizen. He repre- 
sented Lee County in the Territorial Legislature in 1841, 1842 and 1843. He 
was elected to the State Senate in 1854, and served four years. He was elected 
to the House of Representative? in 1860, and returned to the State Senate in 
1869. He died about 1876. Mrs. McCulloch died February 7, 1873. 

David Davis, New Hampshire, located in the Denmark settlement. 

Green Casey, the father, and John Allen Casey, the brother of Hon. Joseph 
M. Casey, came from Illinois after a three-years residence in that State, from 



392 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Kentucky, ami bought a claim and built a cabin adjoining West Point. Mr. 
Casey then returned to Illinois and remained over winter. In the late summer 
or early tall of the next year, he came bade to look after liis claim interests, 
with the intention of bringing his family in the spring of 1838. He returned 
homo to Illinois in December, where he died during the winter. Mrs. Casey 
arranged to carry out the plans of her deceased husband, and in INIay, 1838, 
moved from Illinois and occupied the claim her husband purchased in 1836. 
At the time of their settlement at West Point. John Allen was twenty-three 
years of age and Joseph M. about eleven. 

John Billips. Charles Stearns, Samuel Hoarn and James Allen settled in 
what is now Des Moines Township, and were the hrst settlers in that part of 
the county, dohnson Meek settled there about the same time, or soon after. 
James, a member of the Billips family, died in December of that year, and was 
the first death in that settlement. Mary Billips was born on the 23d of March, 
1837. and was the first birth. Robert Meek and Mary Ann Allen were mar- 
ried in 1838, which was the first marriage. 

GERMAN PIONEER SETTLERS. 

Henry Ilelman and his family settled in what is now Pleasant Ridge Town- 
ship in 1834. Joseph Helman. one of the four sons, who has lived in Fort 
Madison almost continuously since that time, says the family of John Rump, 
and the two brothers Mittendorf (unmarried"), were the only other Germans in 
the country at tluU^ time of which he had any knowledge. Soon after his fatlier 
settled in Pleasant Ridge. Joseph secured employment in Fort Madison, and is 
entitled to be regarded as the pioneer represent^itive of the German nation in a 
city that presents so many evidences of the thrift, economy and enterprise of 
his countrymen. 

H. M. Salmon and his wife landed from a steamboat at Fort Madison on the 
f)th day of August, 1830. Mr. Salmon soon after commenced what was known 
as the Good Samaritan l^rug Store, a name by which it is still known, and 
which he conducted until his death, on thelTthof November, 1873. Thiswjis 
among the first drug stores to be established in any part of Iowa. It is still 
continued by his son J. F. Salmon. The widow of H. M. Salmon remains a 
resident of Fort Madison, is well preserved mentally and physically and is one 
of the honored mothers of the city. 

John G. Schwartz, father of John 11. Schwartz, the successful dry goods 
merchant, and Joseph Schwartz, boot and shoe merchant, came to Fort ^ladison 
a single man in 1837, and commenced Americanizing as a common laborer at 
Knapp's hotel. Theodore Beck was his t'ompac/non dr voi/af/c from the Father- 
land, and came with him to Fort Madison. 

Harmon Dingman. whose widow and children still live in Fort Madison, 
arrived about the last of October. 1837. Ho was a plain, unassuming man, 
a devout Catholic, and as honest a$ the day is long, and among the best citizens 
that ever lived in Fort Madison.* He was frequently honored with positions of 
local trust and confidence. lie died on the 16th day of June, 1877. 

iNIichael Seib. now a successful farmer and a highly honored and respected 
citizen in Franklin Township. wa,< a pioneer Gorman cotemporaneously with 
Helman. Dingman. Schwartz and the others. 

Hundreds of other Germans followed those above mentioned, and settled in 
dilVerent parts of the county. In every direction, and on every hand, there 
are almost monumental evidences of their thi'ift and ken. Those of them that 
took to the farm, succeeded admirably, and are now surrounded with every com- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 393 

fort and luxury to whicfi any one need aspire. Those of them that settled down 
to the pursuit of trades, rapidly accumulated wealth and competence, and all 
over the city there are large, handsomely-arranged German homes that hetoken 
the possession of every needed comfort. Some of the best business men in the 
county come from the German population. Among these may be mentioned J. 
H. Schwartz, who is a local merchant prince. He was raised on a form, and 
had grown to manhood before he turned his attention to merchandising, but 
success has attemied his every step in that direction. He commenced business 
with almost nothing, but his energy and economy, inherited from his German 
ancestry, has made him one of the leading dry goods men along the Mississippi 
River. The large and handsome two-story 'brick building, at the corner of 
Second and Pine streets, erected in 1876, at a cost of |1 1,000, is a monument 
to his enterprise and a credit to the city, and is nearly all required for the accom- 
modation of his business. 

Rev. Father Allman, under whose direction and management the first Cath- 
olic Church edifice was erected, about 1840-41, introduced the first cultivated 
grape in Lee County. He was of French birth, and had been raised where 
grape-culture is the principal industry. He also started the first nursery, the 
ground occupied being near the upper Catholic Church. Many of the orchards 
in the county were started from that pioneer nursery. 

In all public enterprises and undertakings — at the time of the country's 
peril, when the perpetuity of the Union was threatened — the German people 
stood in solid phalanx, and offered their best men in defense of the countrv of 
their adoption. Such a people are an honor and a mainstay to any government. 

The names thus far quoted represent the bone and sinew, the nerve and 
industry, that tamed the wild, by cultivating the earth and making it yield rich 
harvests for the support of man. They came almost before the shadows of the 
Indians disappeared as they were reflected by the setting sun when thev turned 
sadly and mournfully away to find new homes farther away toward the western 
horizon. These pioneers were the advance guard of the army of occupation. 
They came to spy out the land and prepare it for a more advanced civilization. 
And right nobly did they do their work. They planted the standard of pro- 
gressive enlightenment and inaugurated the influence of a civil code that drove 
disorder and lawlessness from the wilds they came to inhabit, and made the 
country as safe a dwelling-place as the most densely populated centers of their 
native States. God never peopled any part of the earth with a braver, truer 
kinder, honester or more generous and hospitable caste of men and women than 
the pioneers who opened the way to the settlement of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois 
and loAva. 

In 1837 another class of settlers began to come and settle down to the pur- 
suit of fame and fortune. In almost every respect this class of settlers were 
difterent from the hardy pioneers. The latter, with scarcely an exception, 
were tillers of the soil, hewers of wood and drawers of water, and carved out 
their homes and fortunes by strong-armed industry. Save their industry, they 
had no capital. But that industry was not without reward. In the three 
years that have passed since (1833) the first cabins were built and the cultiva- 
tion of the soil commenced, signs of plenty began to hover round and about 
almost every settler's liome. With these substantial evidences of improvement 
hope and ambition strengthened and there came a demand for comfort and con- 
veniences in keeping with the improved surroundings. Many of the men had 
worn out their buckskin breeches and hunting-shirts in which they com- 
menced life ; the plain home-made clothing of the women had gone into* tatters 



894 HISTORY OF LKF. COUNTY. 

and, like Flora MoFlimsv, they had nothing to wear — at least not much. Larger 
stores became a necessity as a source of supply, and merchants of larger means 
came and larger stores were opened. Lumber was needed for fencing and 
building purposes, and saw-mills were built in difterent parts of the county. 
Previous to the building of the tirst saw-mills, all the lumber used in the coun- 
try hereabouts was brought up from St. Louis, wiiither it had been brought 
from Pittsburgh. Fenn., by keelboats. All the pine lumber used in the resi- 
dence now occupied by Henry Umversot, at Fort Madison, is of Pennsylvania 
growth. And all the pine lumber used in the tirst buildings erected in Fort 
Madison was grown in the same region. The pioneer farmers had begun to 
raise good crops of wheat, and something more than Knapps corn-cracker or 
John 0. Smith's hand-mill ^made of two dressed prairie bowlders, and so hung 
as to operate as upper and nether millstones') and hominy-blocks were 
needed for the manufacture of bread-stufts. Men of enterprise and capital 
came and mills were built. As an evidence of the improved and progressive 
condition of affairs, hoe-cakes, johnny-cakes, corn dodgers and Indian pones 
were banished from Sunday dinner-tables and wheat bread was introduced 
as a luxury. The building of mills and a better class of dwelling-houses 
brought mechanics and artisans who wrought in wood and stone and iron. 
As population, improvements and wealth increased, the people became more 
disputant and seltish ; public offices were to be filled, and lawyers and politi- 
cians came, for "'wheresoever the carcass is. there will the eairles be gathered 
also." 

Among the merchants who commenced business in Fort Madison in 18o7 
was Daniel McOonn. a native of Ireland, who came to America with his par- 
ents, and was raised in Baltimore, Md. In 1835, he was a clerk on the steam- 
boat " Warrior,"' that plied on the Mississippi above St. Louis. He conceived 
a liking for Fort ^L^dison. and in the month of May, 1837, he secured a lot 
and erected a small building above McConn \ Palmer's mill, on the lot now- 
occupied by the residence of Cromwell Wilson, and commenced merchandising 
in company with a man named Fitzpatrick. Their business was enlarged and 
increased with the development of the country. McConn was careful and judi- 
cious, but enterprising and liberal. He invested his profits in lands and town 
property, which he improved to the advantage of both town and country, and 
there are but few m*^n who did more for the improvement of early Fort Mad- 
ison than Daniel McConn. For a number of years, he engaged largely in the 
business of packing pork, affording the farmers a home market for their surplus 
hosjs. for which he paid them an aiigrejiate of manv hundreds of thousands of 
dotlars. 

At one time, when the ikrmei"s began to raise a surplus of wheat, there was 
no cash market in all the country. Their surplus of wheat was their only 
resource for buying clothing, groceries and other necessities. St. Louis, via 
the ^lississippi Ixiver, was the only outlet, and that market was glutted, and 
there Wivs no demand there for this cereal. The outlook was gloomy : the 
pioneer fiirmers and their families were in need. At last McConn came to their 
relief. He didn't know where or when he could convert wheat into money, but 
he took the risk, and agreed to take their wheat at i!o cents per bushel, in 
exchange for such necessities as the farmers must have, ami trust to luck to get 
his money back. Instead of demanding the ruling price for sucli things as they 
needed, he put the price down to almost cost. He proposed to "live and let 
live." The farmers were carried through, and their benefactor at last found a 
market for the wheat at prices that saveii him from loss. 



HISTORY OF LKK (X)UNTY, 395 

McConn is still a resident of the city of Fort Madison, which he helped to 
build, and wliieh he has seen ii;row from a few rude shanties to a city of 6,000, 
and where, in the sixty-seventh year of his Ui^e, he is universally respected and 
honored for his sterling integrity and unimpeachable honesty. 

Dr. J. P. Stephenson, his wife and four sons, Samuel T., George E., John 
I), and Joseph E., came from Ohio and settled in what is now Denmark Town- 
ship, not iar from the village of that name. The father practiced medicine 
throughout all that region of country, and, by his generous and noble nature 
as a man, and his ability and willingness as a i)hysician, made friends wherever 
he went. The mother was esteemed as one of the noblest women that ever 
lived in that part of the country. She was universally honored for her kind- 
ness, her motherly and sisterly tenderness, and for the possession and practice 
of all the other ({ualities that go to make up a true and perfect woman. Mrs. 
Stephenson died in 1840. fn IHftd, Dr. Stephenson's right side became 
paralyzed, which forced him to abandon the practice of his profession. His 
death l\)llowed in IHilS. The four sons named above are all settled in Lee 
County, three of them as farmers. Samuel T. resides on his farm in Wash- 
ington Township; George E. resides in Pleasant Ridge Township, and John 
1>. in West Point Township. Joseph E. also owns a farm near the old 
homestead, but resides in Fort Madison, where he is engaged in the clothing 
trade. 

In the winter of 1837-38, Peleg H. Babcock and his recently wedded 
wife determined to seek a home in the West — 

" Where iv man yt ii man if he is willing; to toil. 
And the hnniblosf. may gather the fruits of the soil," 

and early in the succeeding spring they landed at Fort Madison and stopped 
at the old Washington House, then kept by Mrs. Knapp, whose kindness 
and hospitality will be remembered as long as the pioneers to the south- 
ern part of the Black Hawk Purchase are permitted to live. The Wash- 
ington House, under her direction, was a veritable home and resting-place 
for hundreds of weary travelers in the days Avhen hotels were few and far 
between. 

At the time when Mr. Babcock came to the country, a trip from New York 
was as fatiguing a journey as a trip to the north pole would be now, and 
which woufd be almost as easy of access. After resting up aAvhile at the 
Washington House, Mr. Babcock selected a dwelling-place on Sugar Creek, 
four miles north of West Point, where he erected a settler's " lowly thatched 
cottage," which to him and his bride of a few months bore the hallowed name 
of home. There, in the shadow of the wilderness, Mr. Babcock and his brave- 
hearted wife commenced their battle of life ; there they launched their boat 
u})on the stream of time without compass or rudder, seeing or knowing the 
future but in dreams. Of Mr. Babcock's subsequent career, one who was iis 
intimate with him as a daughter, contributes the following : 

"At the end of two years, they removed to West Point. Energy, industry 
and good morals were among his characteristics, and in the legal profession, in 
the legislative councils of the Territory, he won for himself laurels that 
embellished his pathway through life. On New Year's Day, 1841, while 
engaged as Clerk in the Territorial Council then in session at Burlington, he 
writes home, 'I have overtaken the Council with my writing and am now wait- 
ing for a committee to return that has gone to Iowa City to look at the public 
buildings. They make a long report, which I am waiting to have printed. I 



306 HISTORY OF l.EE COUNTY. * 

expect to get it ixi the morning, and shall work steadily night and day until I 
get it done. I spend my evenings with Dr. Mason, a member of the House, 
from Dubuque ; he is a very tine man and good company : we get those books 
from the library that wo like best, and read them for our amusement, write 
speeches, tell stories and play a little on the fiddle." 

''Hon. Daniel F. MiUer. now of Keokuk, and one of the best lawyers and 
most talented men in the State, and a man of noble and pure impulses, was at 
that time a member of the House of Representatives, and says that 'during 
the whole session, Mr. Babcock slept in the parlor in a chair, and that there 
never was a time that he did not come in — morning, noon or night — greeting 
them with a smile, and that under any and all circumstances, he was without 
doubt one of the best men in the world." 

'• In 1844, Mr. Babcock moved with his family to Fort Madison, where 
he established for himself a permanent home. Friend*? and reputation, that the 
hands of time eanm^t obliterate, gathered around him and his nuunory will live 
long in the hearts of his friends and acquaintances. Success and good fortune 
crowned his every effort, and there was not a stone that he upturned but that 
always proved to have a hidden treasure beneath for him. The smile of fortune 
pervaded the very atmosphere in which he had a being. 

•' In 1848, Mr. Babcock was elected to the office of Clerk of the Dis- 
trict Court, in which capacity he served four years, his last term expiring 
in lSo*2. He retired from that olhce with an approved record as an hon- 
est, faithful and contpetcut public servant. During Mr. Babcock's services 
as Clerk of the District Court, George H. Williams afterward United States 
Senator from Oregon, and subsequently United States Attorney General, was 
District Judge. 

" In 1859, Mr. Babcock was appointed Inspector of tl:e Penitentiary at 
Fort Madison. Tiiis appointmenr was another expression of public contidcnce 
in his superior judgment and tidelity to the interests of the community and 
the commonwealth. Under his supervision and management the present 
strong and ahnost insurmountable stone wall around the prison grounds was 
planned and built. This protection against the " escape of convicts is ac- 
knowledged to be the equal in all respects of any prison wall in the 
country. 

" All through life Mr. Babcock possessed a great love for books, and sirugglcd 
hard for the acquisition of that knowledge which would best prepare hun for a 
useful and honorable position among men. He familiarized himself with the 
principles of general law by closely reading and studying Blackstone and 
other authorities, which, added to a naturally legal mind, rendered him a 
good judge of law. In after time, when he became a Justice of the Peace, in 
which capacity he served for a number of years, it is stated to his honor, 
that not one of his decisions was ever over-ruled by the District or Supreme 
Court. 

"Mr. Babcock was a victim oF asthma, and for more than a quarter of a 
century was never known to retire to bed at night. An old arm-chair, nuule 
sot"t as down, sutliced for his couch, and in this, with the fumes of saltpeter 
paper burning by his side, the weary nights passed away. Two children M'ere 
added to his store of earthlv blessino;s. These are now livino- uionuntents to 
his memory, and live to bless, honor and revere his name, and will continue so 
to do down to their latest breath. He died in the lifty-eighth year of his age, 
honored and respected by all. The Odd Fellows, of which order he was a 



HISTORY OF LER COUNTY. 397 

moraber, came from all parts of the State to attend his funeral and pay tribute 
to his worth and memory.' 

We have laid him away, wrapped in the mantle of our love, and death is relieved of its 
gloom, knowing that he awaits us there — 

'• In that far-away dwelling, wherever it be, 

I believe thou hast visions of mine; 
And the love that made all things as music to me, 
1 have not yet learned to resign. 

In the hush of the night, on tiie waste of the sea, 

Or alone with the breeze on the hill, 
I have ever a presence that whispers of thee, 

And my spirit lies down and is still." 

Thomas Hale, his wife and four children — two sons, Isaiah and Thomas, 
and two daughters, Angeline and Amanda — arrived at Fort Madison from 
Piqua, Miami Co., Ohio, May 29, 1889. Soon after their arrival, Mr. Hale 
opened a tin-shop, and connected with it a small stock of groceries, on Front 
street. His capital was limited, and the business of tinner and grocer were 
combined as a means of making a living for the family. After a year or two, 
the grocery part of the business was abandoned for a stock of stoves. This 
was the beginning of the present tin, stove and hardware house of Hesser & 
Hale. When Isaiah, the eldest son, became of age, in about six years from the 
time the business was commenced, he became a partner with his father. At the 
end of eleven years, the elder Hale sold his interest to Frederick Hesser, and 
the firm became Hesser & Hale. The business has always been conducted on 
Fi'ont street, and is, probably, the oldest tin, stove and hardware firm in Iowa. 
Mr. Thomas Hale, the founder of the business, and his wife, died several years 
ago. Thomas Hale, the second son, died February 14, 1871. Angeline, the 
eldest daughter, married William Wilson, and removed to Wisconsin, where he 
is a member of the lumber firm of Knapp, Stout & Co. Amanda, the second 
daughter, married James L. Estes, who was Sheriff' when the Hodges were ar- 
rested for the murder of Rev. John Miller, of the Mennonite Church, in 1845. 
Estes and his wife are now living at Rogers Park, Chicago. 

The Albrights, James- Wilson, and other men of like business character, 
€ame in the fall of 1839. On the 30th day of November of that year, James 
Wilson, Guy Wells and W. G. Albright commenced general merchandising at 
the upper end of Front street, under the firm name of James Wilson & Co. 
This firm not only conducted a large dry goods trade, but were actively engaged 
contracting — furnishing stone for the Penitentiary, and other outside matters. 
Their business was founded on a solid foundation, and was carefully and judi- 
ciously managed. 

In 1841, W. G. Albright came up from St. Louis, and bought a half-interest 
in the store, and the firm became J. W. & W. G. Albright. In 1847, R. W. 
Albright was admitted as a partner, after which the firm name Avas Albright & 
Bros. In 1856, R. W. Albright withdrew, and commenced business for him- 
self. J. W. and W. G. Albright continued together until 1862, when J. W. 
Albright retired, and opened a general store on his own account. W. G. 
Albright continued business at the old stand, where he still remains. On the 
30th day of November, 1879, if he lives to that date, he will have been in busi- 
ness on Front street for just forty years, and is the oldest continuous merchant 
in the city of Fort Madison. There are but few, if any, business men in any of 
the towns along the Mississippi River, who have done business on one street for 
60 many years. And when the great reaper has cut him down, or old age 
drives him from his accustomed place on Front street to the seclusion of his 



398 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

well-earned and comfortable home, his absence from that busy thoroughfare will 
be sensibly noted by those who have been accustomed to see him there almost 
daily for nearly half a hundred years. 

R. W. Albright drifted out of the dry goods trade into the book and 
stationery business, and continues on Front street. J. W. Albright drifted into 
the insurance business, and has an office on Front street. It is rarely, if ever, 
that three brothers remain in business within a few doors of each other for so 
many years. 

Six years have passed since white men began to exercise dominion in the 
Black Hawk Purchase. In this time, settlements extended to almost every 
part of the county, and, the names thus far quoted, although they represent but 
a small part of the settlers, show the rapidity of settlement, progress of 
development, and the character of the people who followed in the wake of the 
Indians. Each succeeding year added to the number of " new-comers " until, 
in 1844, the land was all occupied, and the larger portion of it by men who had 
made claims and had their improvements well under way, before the country 
was surveyed. There was a general rush to the Black Hawk Purchase, as soott 
as the Indians had "cleared out," and no part of the purchase, in the first 
years of its settlement, received more attention from home-seekers than that 
part of it included in Lee County. 



FRAGMENTS. 

INDIAN GLUTTONY. HOMINY BLOCKS AND LOG CABINS. WILD GAME. — FIRST 

CROPS. AMUSEMENTS OF THE PIONEERS, ETC. 

It is now necessary to go back and pick up some fragments of history that 
lie scattered through the six years that white people have exercised dominion 
in the old homes of the Sacs and Foxes, that they may be preserved to the 
descendants and successors of the brave, courageous and industrious men and 
women who redeemed the country from an Indian wild and started it on the 
highway to its present proud, prosperous and wealthy condition. 

When Alexander Cruickshank settled " out in the wilderness," in 1834, 
Indians were numerous, and, in 1835, when James, his eldest son, was a baby, 
Black Hawk was a frequent visitor at his claim-shanty residence. On two 
occasions, at least, Mrs. Cruickshank prepared meals for the noted chieftain of a 
once proud and warlike people, but then subdued and spirit-broken, and while 
she was cooking, he romped with baby Jamie, tossing him up toward the loft of 
the shanty and catching him as he earned own. Mrs. C. said she didn't know 
which of them enjoyed the romp the most — ^Black Hawk or the baby. 

Black Hawk's last visit to the home of Mr. Cruickshank was about six 
weeks before his death, in 1838. On that visit, he wore a plug hat, high top 
boots and leggins, and was very drunk, although he usually sustained the repu- 
tation of being a temperance Indian. 

In the winter of 1834—35, Black Hawk quartered in the heavy timber along 
Devil Creek, between Fort Madison and Montrose. His wigwam was made of 
poles, and was about fifteen feet in diameter, at the base. The poles came to a 
common center at the top, but were so arranged as to leave an opening for the 
escape of the smoke ; the fire was built on the ground in the center of the 
wick-e-up. The outside of the wigwam was covered with mats ; pieces of wood, 
about six feet in length, were piled against the mats to hold them in place to 
keep out the cold and snow ; the floor around the fire-place was covered with 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 399 

mats and skins, and some of the " oldest inhabitants," who visited the fallen 
chief during that winter, say that his wigwam was as comfortable as any white 
man's parlor. Mrs. Black Hawk was a model Indian housewife, and kept 
everything in her wick-e-up as neat and tidy as any of her pale-faced sisters 
could have done. 

Other Indians beside Black Hawk were frequent visitors at the cabins of 
the settlers. And they never visited a cabin when they were not hungry — no 
matter at what time of day they came. And they always had tremendous 
appetites. When food was placed before them, they ate most ravenously, and 
gorged themselves like an anaconda. If there was enough on the table to glut 
their appetites, and anything was left, they would gather up the fragments and 
carry them away for " squaw " or " papoose." 

Besides being great eaters, the Indians were inordinately fond of red pepper, 
and, when any of them were around the cabins of the settlers, if the house- 
wives had any of the red pods in sight, which they wished to keep, they had to. 
spirit them away before their red visitors could get their hands on it, or do with- 
out until the next crop. 

In those days game was abundant. It was no unusual sight to see a herd 
of twenty or thirty deer at one time. Turkeys were not very numerous, but 
prairie chickens were countless. Bears were never seen, and Mr. Cruickshank 
never knew of but one being killed in this county. Quails and rabbits made 
their appearance after the settlement was commenced. Wolves were plenty, 
and played sad havoc with chickens and pigs. The pioneer wives say it was no 
unusual thing to hear them smelling about the cabin doors, lapping milk from 
slop-pails after nightfall. Wild bees and rich stores of honey were to be found 
in every forest, and the tables of the pioneers were nearly always bountifully 
supplied with that luxury. 

The first settlers, says Mr. Cruickshank, lived for the most part on wild 
game and parched corn, and wore buckskin breeches and hunting-shirts, after 
the fashion of Daniel Boone, Kentucky's pioneer hunter and noted Indian 
fighter. In 1833 and 1834, there were no mills west of the Mississippi Eiver 
in the lands of the lowas. In the spring of 1835, Hiram C. Smith built a 
mill with two runs of stone (one for wheat and the other for corn), at what is 
now Lowell, in Henry County. It Avas a small concern, and there was no use 
for the wheat buhr for as much as a year after the mill was completed. Settlers 
from this side of Skunk River, on which the mill was built, experienced 
some difiiculty in reaching it, because the only means of crossing the 'river to 
the mill was^ by canoes. There were no roads, only trails, and no bridges. 
When they went to mill there, they had to transfer their grists from whatever 
means of carriage they had, to canoes, and then "back" it up to the mill. 
When their grists were ground, they returned the same way. The next nearest 
mills were on Fox Biver, near Waterloo, in Clarke County, Mo., and Ralls' 
Mill, at the present site of Brooklyn, Schuyler Co., 111. These mills were 
often visited by the pioneers. 

In the fall of 1835, John H. Knapp, erected a horse-mill at Fort Madison. 
In May, 1835, a Mr. Mofi'att began the erection of a mill at Augusta, which 
was completed late that fall. After it was finished, Mofi'att did a paying 
business. Mr. Cruickshank used to go there to mill, and was sometimes 
detained a week at a time waiting for his turn. The enterprise of those first 
mill proprietors, who provided the first settlers with the means of transforming 
their wheat and corn into the stafi" of life, is still gratefully remembered by the 
survivors of those trying times. 



400 HISTORY OF LRE COUNTY. 

Tn some instances, hominy-blocks Avere substituted for mills, and the corn 
crushed as fine as possible in these primitive concerns, and then sifted through 
a wire sieve and baked in ''corndodgers," Indian ''pones" or "johnny cakes." 
Such corn as some of the first settlers used for bread would hardly be consid- 
ered fit feed for horses now, but many of the pioneers were glad to get it. Those 
of them who had this kind of coarse bread and "hog and hominy " for a regu- 
lar diet the first winter of the settlement of this part of loAva were esteemed to 
be in "good fix." Deer were plenty, and if they grew tired of "pork and 
bacon," or if these articles gave out, the deficiency was easily supplied from 
the forests and prairies. 

As the country settled up, however, mills were built, and •• hominy-blocks " 
or " corn-crushers " went out of use until they only exist in memory. As 
relics of the "long ago," a description of them will not be out of place. 

A tree of suitable size, say from eighteen inches to two feet in diameter, was 
selected from the forest and felled to the ground. If a cross-cut saw happened 
to be convenient, the tree was "butted," that is, the "curf" end was sawed oft" 
so that it would stand steady when readv for use. If there was no cross-cut saw in 
the neighborhood, strong arms and sharp axes were made to do the work. Then 
the proper length, from four to five feet, was measured off", and sawed or cut 
square. When this Avas done, the block was raised on end, and the work of 
cutting out a hollow in one or the other of the ends was commenced. This 
was usually done with a common chopping-ax. Sometimes a smaller one was 
used. When the cavity was esteemed to be large enough, a fire was kindled in 
it, and carefully watched until the "ragged edges " were burned away. When 
completed, the hominy block somewhat resembled a druggist's mortar. Then, 
a pestle or something to crush the corn Avas necessary. This was usualh^ made 
from a suitably-sized piece of timber, with an iron wedge attached, the large 
end down. This completed the machinery, and the block was ready for use. 
Sometimes one hominy-block accommodated a whole neighborhood, and was the 
means of staying the hunger of many mouths. 

The houses of those days were only cabins — most of them built from round 
logs. The floors were made from puncheons split from trees of the forest. The 
doors, door-cheeks, window-cheeks, etc.. as well as all other "finishing stuff," 
was made in the same way, and then dressed down with a broad-ax. The roof 
was made of clapboards or "shakes" split from some monarch of the forest. 
The boards Avere hiid on ribs and held in place by Aveight-poles laid IcngthAvise, 
and kept at convenient and suitable distances by " knees." The spaces betAvoen 
the logs were " chinked " Avith suitable pieces of Avood, which were " daubed " 
over Avith mud or mortar. Very often a cabin Avould be completed without the 
use of a single nail in the entire structure. A mud-and-stick or sod chimney 
and earthen hearth finished the "cabin." The Avomen baked their "corn 
dodgers" or "johnny-cakes," cooked their venison or roasted the Avild turkeys 
their husbands killed by these old-lashioned fire-places in skillets, pots and ovens 
just as nicely as cooks and servants bake the bread and roast the meats on costly 
stoves and ranges now. They cooked their meals and entertained visitors — 
people didn't " call " then — at the same time and in the same room, and didn't 
consider it a disgrace either, to be seen molding their "johnny-cakes " or bending 
over their skillets and ovens. And the mothers of those days — the brave AviA'-es 
of Iowa's pioneers — Avere just as happy as the Avives and mothers Avho live in 
costly mansions in 1879. But by and by the primitive log cabins gave Avay to 
heAved-log or frame houses Avith shingle roofs, plank floors with carpets — rag 
carpets, may be, that prudent houscAvives made themselves. They cut the rags. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 401 

sewed them togetlier, and, as likely as not, wove them with their own hands. 
Brick or stone chimneys took the place of the old-fashioned and primitive mud- 
and-stick or sod chimneys. The first hewed log or frame house was the pride 
of the neighborhood, and its occupants were considered the first families — the 
aristocrats — of the settlement. 

All the cabins had large fire-places. The back-logs were generally of buck- 
eye, about six feet in length, and the larger the better. Sometimes there were 
two, one on top of the other, to throw out the heat. The fore-sticks were of 
ash, hickory, maple or elm, and the middle-sticks of smaller size. These old- 
fashioned fire-places were so wide and deep that the ends of the back-logs were 
favorite sitting-places for the male members of a household. The latch-strings 
were always out — a sign of welcome and hospitality within. 

Many of the first settlers came directly from some of the Southern States — 
Kentucky, Tennessee, North and South Carolinia and Virginia. Kentucky, 
perhaps, had the largest representation, if not direct, at least indirectly by 
descent, and represented Kentucky customs and habits, and hospitality, and in 
traveling through the country one will notice that to many of the old houses 
there are outside chimneys, and very often one at each end of the house. In 
the country districts of Kentucky, Tennessee and the Carolinas an inside chim- 
ney, until within the last ten or fifteen years, was the exception and not the 
rule. In the Eastern States, an outside chimney has always been the exception, 
But as the country of the lowas developed in wealth and prosperity, and the 
people grew rich, the fire-places to the outside chimneys were closed up, and 
heating-stoves substituted as a measure of economy. A large per cent of the 
heat that escaped "up the chimney " is thereby saved, and much less fuel is 
needed to keep a house warm. 

The old primitive log cabins, reminders of the days of small beginnings ! 
But very few of them are in use now. They were abandoned many years ago 
for a better class of buildings, but a great many of them are still standing, and 
used for wash-houses, toolhouses, etc. They ought to be preserved as memen- 
tos of the "times that tried men's souls " (and women's), and vines and flowers 
planted around them. With such surroundings, they would make nice summer- 
houses, and a hundred years hence would be a curiosity to the people who will 
then hold and exercise dominion in the commonwealth of Iowa. 

• Thf first crops of the first settlers were corn, pumpkins, potatoes, 
turnips, etc. 

The interior pioneers experienced a good deal of difficulty in keeping their 
hogs. Many of them strayed away and were killed in the Mississippi River 
bottom by persons who had more love for a good dinner than regard for the 
rights and property of others. Hogs were known to cross the Mississippi 
River by swimming, as was supposed, to find their way back to their old haunts 
in Illinois. 

The amusements of the pioneer settlers consisted of shooting matches, horse- 
races, and, when women became plenty enough, puncheon-floor dances. Before 
Sunday crossed the Mississippi River," the men would often spend that day of 
rest hunting bee-trees. 

Disputes were settled by arbitration. Courts and statute laws were unknown 
until after the " Strip " was attached to Michigan in 1834. Edley McVey 
was one of the first Justices of the Peace appointed by Gov. Dodge, of Wis- 
consin Territory, but he never transacted any business. The pioneers were a 
law unto themselves, and among them the laws of honor prevailed to a greater 
extent, than among the people in later years. The squatters, as they were 



402 Hl!?TORY OF [,KK COUNTY. 

somotiiiies derisivolv oalled, ^Yevo jealouij* of their Avord and tboir honor. With 
but very few exeeptionss, their Avord wa!> as good as tlieir oath or their bond. 

James Oruiekshank, Avho iirst saw the light of day on the Tth day of May, 
1835, was the tirst chikl born in the Cruiokshank neighborhood. At the time 
of his birth. Ins parents were living on the second elaim located by Mr. C, as 
mentioned elsewhere. The cabin in which James was born was located near 
the site of the present Clay Grove Oemetery. 

The tirst sermon in this neighborhood was preached at the house of George 
IVrkius, on Sugar Creek, by Kev. Johi\ Morton, a Baptist minister, in the 
spring of 1836. 

Zedekiah Cleveland and Miss Anna Ware were the.lirst couple uuirried in 
the Clay Grove settlement. They were married in the winter of 183i>. 
The bride was the daughter of Lindsey Wave, who came from Illinois a few 
months previous, and settled near the Grove. At last accounts. Mrs. Cleveland 
was living in Pavis County, near the Missouri State line. 

Mrs. AVare, the mother of Mrs. Cleveland, was the tirst death in that 
neighborhood. She died in August, 1838, and was buried on her husband's 
farm. Thirty years after burial, when her remains were taket\ up for re-inter- 
ment in another place, the pine coffin was found to be perfectly preserved, 
except one small spot on the lid. 

In the spring of I83t.i, Capt. Parks, of Michigan, a Government Surveyor 
for twenty years, established the township lines in that part of the county. 
The section lines were estsiblished the same season by an Indiana surveyor. 

x\. man named 'rurner, from North Carolina, taught the first school ii\ the 
Clay Grove settlement in the suunuer of 1839. He occupied a cabin that was 
built on the claim of George Taylor. The teacher was paid by subscription, at 
so much per scholar. The tirst schoolhouse proper in Franklin Township was 
built of round logs, on the Avestern boundary of Mr. Cruickshank's land, in the 
beginning of the winter of 1839. Mr. Turner taught the first school in the 
neAY building. 

In the Avinter of 1834—35, a large number of Indians Avere encamped at the 
site of the present village of Lowell, and Messrs. Walsh i^ Pise, Avho opened 
the first store at Fort Madison, removed their stock of goods up there to secure 
the Indian trade, but returned to Fort Madson in the spring. John Carroll 
Walsh, the senior member of the firm, Avas a very particular tri end and favorite 
of Black HaAvk, and Avas a tVequent A'isitor at his wigwam, and it is said that he 
was in love Avith one of Black Hawk's daughters, and that to prevent a mar- 
riage Avith her, his triends persuaded him to return to Marylaiul, Avhere he 
became a distinguished and useful citizen. He is uoav a member of the Mary- 
land State Senate. Pise, his old partner, is dead. 

PIONEER TIMES IN SKINNER'S NEIGHBORHOOD. 

A night spent at the hospitable home of William Skinner, the pioneer set- 
tler in JeiTerson ToAvnship, enables the Avriter to present the folloAving para- 
graphs from the recollections of that venerable and Avotthy citizen ot" early 
times in the neighborhood. 

"■ As a class, the settlers were all hard-working, honest, industrious men and 
Avomen, The first year or two, neighbors Avere fcAv and far betAveen, but they 
kept coming in and making claims all around. Each additional ncAY-comev 
Avas Avelcomed Avith opei\-hauded hospitality. But very fcAv of the first settlers 
had much more than they needed themselves, of either money, clothing, house- 
furniture or house-room. But doors Avere never closed in a new-comer's face. 



HISTORY OF I.KK COUNTY. 403 

People were neighborly then in a true sense, and when a new-comer had located 
a claim and was ready to raise his cabin, every able-bodied man within a circuit 
of ten miles turned out to lielj) pile up the (^ibiii, and they never (|uit till it 
was under roof. 

" People hadn't mueli time for either amusement or social intercourse. 
They were too busy nuikin<T rails, buildinii; fences, cutting and hauling logs to 
build cabins, etc., to fool away their time hunting after anything that didn't 
promise to add to their hopes of an easier day in the years to come. The set- 
tlors were always friendly, and fre(i|ue>itly visited each other, and while the men 
indulged in the diseussion of such themes as interested them, the women knitted, 
and talked and smoked, for in those days it was not considered unlady- 
like for women to smoke. Tn fact, smoking was more commonly indidgcd in by 
women than by men. 

'■'■ People lived plain and didn't put on any style then. They made no 
attempt atdisphiy, and, when, perchance, some of the young people eoncluded to 
leave the old folks and set up for themselves, they didn't receive much of a 
'setting out.' Jirides didn't receive presents then as they do in these days. 
Some who had nothing but a single suit of clothes each, when they were mar- 
ried, settled right down to hard work and economy, and in a few years were well 
to do. Young peo[)le married for love then, and worked to ea.rn homes." 

Tom McGuiro married Axtel McCullough's sister, and moved into a little 
8x10 cabin that stood not far from the place now known as Primrose. Pretty 
soon after they commenced housekeeping, Mr. Skinner had occasion to pass that 
way, and he stopped in to see them. When he entered the cabin, Tom and his 
wife were seated ilat on the puncheon lloor, before the log lire, eating nmsh and 
milk from an iron pot that stood between them. Each one of them had an 
iron spoon and a, tin cup, and that was about all the table-furniture they had. 
They had neither chairs nor benches to, sit on, nor a table to eat from. And 
this was not an isolated case. 

The first couple married in Mr. Skinner's vicinity were a daughter of 
David Pcnrod and a young man named Martin, in 1887. The ceremony was 
perfoi'med by Hawkins Taylor, Esq., then a Justice of the Peace at West 
Point, but now a, well-known citizen of Washington, D. C. Taylor wrote an 
account of tliis wedding which appeared in the Annals of Iowa, in January, 
1874, and, as a characteristic sketch of the times of the early settlers it is 
here inserted. 

In 188fi, David rciirod caiiio to l/ee County and took a claim in the timber a milo south of 
West I'oint. Ho came from .Johnson County, HI. His business in Illinois was that of a hunter, 
tiie game being deer, turkey and hog. As the country settled up, hog-hunting was most prolit- 
able, and his table was oftener served with pork than venison. Unfortunately some meddle- 
some persons complained to the grand jury about his hog-iuinting. Some of his friends being 
on the jury, they jiosted him of the charge, whicli made him so indignant that he left (he State, 
and left it without being particular as to the manner of his going. Ho brought with him to 
Iowa a dog, a gun, a wife and two daughters, and built on his claim a small log shanty, dirt 
floor, clapboard roof and no loft. He had two beds, supported on two poles, one end resting on 
a fork driven into the ground, and the other end in a crack between the logs. On (op of these 
poles wei'e cross sticks for slats, running into a crack of the cabin. On these was some straw, 
a few doer skins and an old quilt. The two beds covered neai-ly all of one end of tho house. 
The only seats were three-legged stools, and the table was a puncheon. 

" Fuge Martin courted one of tlie daughters with success, and I was employed to bind the 
bargain. About tlic middle of the afternoon of the wedding-day, 1 slipped out from home, hoot- 
ing to get of!' without being seen, but some of the boys about town had heai-d of the wedding 
and were watching my movements, so that 1 iiardly got through the ceremony before half a 
dozen came rushing in to see the fun. The bride was dressed in a copperas, home-spun dress, 
Tennessee stripe, and barefooted Peni-od and wife were sitting, one in each corner, near the 
fire, on stools and both looking savage. Neither spoke to me. Martin and his grandfather 



404 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Clark, with the Penrod family, made up the party when I got there. Grandfather Clark 
was one of the early characters of the country. He never came to town without getting tight, 
and every other word with him. was, "Hello, Molly." Grandfather Clark, as soon as I went 
in said "Hello, Molly, they think my grandson is not good enough for their gal. Hello, 
Molly, I think its an even swap. Hello, Molly, Fuge is no account, but hello, Molly, he's as 
good as the Penrods. Hello, Molly, Fuge, bring out your gal." 

About this time the crowd came out from town, when old Penrod got furious but no body 
paid any attention to him. Fuge and his 'gal' stood up and 1 tied them, when the grandpap 
took from his pocket a flask of "forty-rod" whisky, approved brand, and said: "Hello, 
Molly, let's have a drink." After taking a good swig, he oiFered it to me, when I refused. 
"Hello, Molly, never heard of the like before." He then gave the bride a suck, which she 
appeared to enjoy, then her sister, then the bridegroom, and after that he offered it to Penrod 
and wife but they indignantly refused, probably the first time in their lives that they ever re- 
fused such beverages. The old man then looked at his flask and the new arrivals, but he saw- 
that it would not go round when he turned to the newly-married pair and drank their health. 
" Hello, Molly, here's to you, hoping that the first may be a gal and a boy ; hello, Molly." 

A few weeks after this, I married a nephew of Grandfather Clark, of his own name, a Miss 
Duke being the bride — a rather dashing-looking young lady, and fashionably dressed for that 
day among the timber settlers. Young Clark had only a couple of weeks' acquaintance with her, 
having met her at a "settlers' party." About four or five months after the wedding, the old man 
Clark came dashing into the store at West Point, and his first words were : " Hello, Molly ; 
Frank's wife has got a little one, but Hello, Molly, she's good enough for him, if she'd had two." 
The incident created no unpleasantness in the family. Clark was a philosopher. My fees are 
still outstanding, but the splicing remained solid, without flaw. Clark and his wife were living 
in Missouri at last accounts. 

In the fall of 1835, William Hunter was the "village blacksmith" at West 
Point, and on one occasion Skinner went there to get some hoes sharpened. 
When the Avork was completed, he started home by way of Lewis Pitman's, who 
lived east, and possessing a wide-spread reputation as a water-witch, Pitman 
insisted that Mr. Skinner must show him where to dig for water. Skinner had 
no faith in the belief that any one could tell where water could be found beneath 
the earth's surface, and always thought it was a humbug, but he cut a forked 
witch-hazel, and went through the maneuvers, and indicated a spot where he 
thought water could be reached in a reasonable depth. The well was dug and 
water was found, but Mr. Skir.ner says he didn't know anything more about it 
than the man in the moon. 

Going home from Mr. Pitman's, Mr. Skinner was caught in a terrible 
storm, and lost his way in the brush. After floundering around awhile, he dis- 
mounted and hitched his horse to the limb of a convenient tree and then sat 
down, with his gun between his knees, to await the coming of daylight. All night 
long he was exposed to the pitiless storm. His faithful dog Bull lay close to his 
side, and was the means of keeping him partially warm, but far from comfort- 
able. Day dawned at last, and Mr. Skinner found his way home in a shiver- 
ing condition. 

A Mr. Emmett, who lived on the top of the hill on the road from Fort 
Madison to Mr. Skinner's, who died in 1837, was the first death in this neigh- 
borhood. The remains of Mr. Emmett were buried in the grave-yard near the 
present residence of George Wilson. Old Mr. Duke died soon after and was 
buried in the cemetery near the present residence of James Cooney. 

The first sermon in the neighborhood was preached at the house of the widow 
Norman in 1838. The name of the preacher is forgotten. The first regular 
preacher in the neighborhood was a Rev. Mr. Elmore, a Baptist minister, who 
preached at the houses of the settlers. Mr. Elmore lived near Oquawka, 111. 

Mr. Skinner relates this story of a dog fennel doctor : A son of Mrs. Nor- 
man fell out of a walnut-tree and broke one of his ribs.- A new doctor had 
recently settled at West Point, and he was called to reduce the fracture. The 
doctor came, looked wise, but didn't know how to get at the broken rib, but, after 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 405 

scratching his head to stir up his anatomical knowledge, he finally put his finger 
on his nose, looked wise, and ordered Mrs. Norman to make a pot of mush. 
She immediately complied, and when it was ready the doctor made the boy gorge 
himself with mush and milk so as to press the broken rib out to its place. 

John McClintock, son of the widow McClintock, who lived in the neighbor- 
hood, was the first school-teacher, and taught the first school in an old cabin, 
that stood near the present residence of Henry Judy. 

In the fall of 1835, Mr. Skinner had a surplus of potatoes, but there were 
but two neighbors who needed to buy — Alexander Cruickshank and Z. Cleve- 
land. Cruickshank carried away two sacks full on horse-back, and Cleveland 
carried away what he needed, but Skinner did not want to receive any pay from 
either of them. But Mr. Cleveland felt in duty bound to pay for what he got, 
and insisted on paying for them. Skinner refused to accept money in pay- 
ment, and to compromise the matter, Cleveland came over one Sunday and 
made one hundred rails to square the account. 

GOING TO MILL UNDER DIFFICULTIES. 

In the winter of 1835-36, Mr. William Skinner, the first settler in Jefi'er- 
son Township, loaded ten or twelve bushels of corn on an ox-cart and started 
to the Fox River mill, near Waterloo, Clarke County, Mo. The weather was 
stinging cold, and the creeks and rivers were bridged over with ice. When he 
reached the Des Moines River, he tied old rags on his oxen's feet to keep them 
from slipping on the ice, and crossed over without mishap of any kind. He 
reached the mill, and when his turn came, his corn was ground into meal, and 
he commenced the return trip. In coming home, he took what was known in 
those days as the upper route, via the Big Mound. Night overtook him near 
the cabin of a man named Howard, a preacher, who had made a claim and built 
a cabin in the Big Mound neighborhood. Howard's cabin was about thirty feet 
square, but was neither '"chinked" nor "daubed." The cracks and crevices 
were all open, and not very inviting as a retreat from the cold, but " any port 
in time of a storm," thought Mr. Skinner. Howard had taken two yoke of 
oxen with him when he settled there, and feed running short, he killed them 
to keep them from starving to death ; and when Skinner reached the cabin 
he found the carcass of an ox hanging up at each corner of the building. 
He made application for the privilege of remaining in the cabin over night, 
but Howard declined to extend such , hospitality, a rare instance of mean- 
ness among the pioneers, and Mr. Skinner and his companion were forced 
to camp out. They built a brush fire in the snow in sight of the cabin and 
lay by it all night. In the morning, the journey for home was resumed and 
completed by nightfall. 

Mr. Skinner had a single silver ten-cent piece left when he reached the 
HoAvard cabin, which he exchanged for a rib from one of the bovine carcasses, 
before mentioned, but it was so tough it wouldn't cook, and it was thrown away. 
Even the wolves couldn't eat it. 

A PIONEER DOG. 

When Skinner came to Iowa, he brought a large Newfoundland dog with him, 
whose memory deserves to be preserved. His name was " Bull," and his trans- 
portation from Cincinnati to Fort Edwards cost Mr. Skinner just |4. He 
was a sensible fellow, fond of his master's family and watchful of their inter- 
ests ; good-natured, unless abused, but liable to resent an insult, as Henry D. 
Bartlett, still living at Keokuk, can testify by pointing to a scar on his leg 



406 HISTORY OF LEK COUNTY. 

which was left there from a bite from Bull, when Henry informed him by a push 
that he must not rub his ^yet sides against a boy's Sunday clothes. 

The Indians were thoroughly afraid of Hull, for he would attack any of 
them who seemed inclined to lay hands on his masters goods, or to come 
into his cabin uninvited. lie was a favorite with the soldiers at Des Moines. 
when Mr. Skinner lived there, and knew the bugle-call to dinner and answered 
it just as promptly as the soldiers themselves, for they always shared their 
rations' with him. 

When his master moved to his claim on Sugar Creek, Bull was taken along, 
and for a long while was as contented and happy as need be. But there came 
a time when some of the officers of the fort went out to visit Mr. Skinner. 
Their presence seemed to revive old memories, and Bull followed them to 
Montrose. At last, the soldiers missed the sagacious old fellow, and it was sup- 
posed that, as he was sleek and fat, the Indians caui^ht him at a disadvantage 
and made a feast of him. 



DENMARK SETTLEMENT. 

RAIL-PEN HABITATIONS, ETC. 

The honor of pioi\eering the way to what is now Denmark Township be- 
longs to John M. Forrest, who settled on the land now included in the farm of 
Mr. A. Frazier, in Section 25, in 18oi>. Forrest was a Tennessean, a sur- 
veyor by education, and came to the Black Hawk Purchase with the intention 
of following that business. The climate, however, proved too severe for his 
feeble constitution, and he sold his claim, in 1887, and removed to Arkansas. 

John 0. Smith, the present Postmaster at the village of Denmark, was the 
second settler. Mr. Smith was born in North Carolina, but spent most of his boy- 
hood's days in Alabama, to which State his parents removed when he was quite 
young. In later yeai"s, he removed from Alabama to Hancock County, 111., 
and came from Illinois to the Denmark country in March, 1835, and located a 
claim about one and a half miles east of the present site of the village of Den- 
mark, in what is now Section 34. 

After cutting a set of cabin-logs, Mr. Smith returned to Illinois for his 
•family, and a team to draw the logs to the site he had selected for his cabin. An 
ox-team and wagon were procured, and loaded with what few household goods 
they had, and what he supposed would be corn enough to feed the oxen while he 
was hauling the cabin-logs. But they were delayed so long on the journey, 
the most of the delay being at the crossing of the Mississippi, that nearly all 
the corn was used up before they reached their claim, on the 1st of April, 1835. 
There was no feed to be had west of the Mississippi at that time, and Smith 
was compelled to send the team back to Illinois before the logs were hauled. 
His l^imily consisted of his wife and one child, and they must be provided with 
a shelter. So he went to work and made rails and built a pen, made clap- 
boards and closed ir for a dwelling-place. Quilts, coverlets, blankets and some 
pieces of carpet were hung around the pen as a protection against the elements. 
They lived in this pen six weeks before his cabin-logs were hauled, and the 
cabin raised and made habitable. 

Next to Forrest, Smith's nearest neighbors, at that time, were in what is 
now Washington Township, two and a half and three miles distant, where 
Joseph White, Samuel Ross and Benjamin Box had settled the year previous. 
White came there from Nauvoo. Boss was from Louisville, Kv., and, savs 



HISTORY OK IJ'IK (X)UNTY. 407 

Mr. Smith, "was a man of fitio cHliicatioii, and too good a man to settle in so 
new a country." Honjamin Box was a brotlior to John Box, who had settled 
near Jonas Knapp's. Joshiui, Owens, the first Sheriff of Lee County, and 
Isaac iJrig<vs, who were rehited to Sitiitli, came pretty soon after he did, and 
settled in what is now Wa,shington Township. 

FIION'I'IMK GENEROSITY. 
Rough and rude though the surroundings may liave been, the |)ioneers were 
noni! th(( less Iionest, sincere, hospitable and kind in tiu;ir social relations. It 
is true, as a rule, that tluire is a greater degrcje of real humanity among pioneers 
of any country than there is when the country becomes older and richer. If 
there is an absence of refinement, tliat absence is more than comjiensated in 
the presence of generous hearts and truthful lives. They are bold, courageous, 
industrious, enterprising and energetic. (lenerally speaking, they are earnest 
thinkers, and poss(!Ssed of a diversified fund of useful, practical information. 
They are void of hypocrisy themselves and despise it in others. They hate 
cowardice and shams of every kind, and above all things, falsehood and decep- 
tion, and maintain and cultivate a sterling integrity and fixedness of purpose 
that seldom permits them to prostitute themselves to any narrow policy of im- 
posture or artifice. 

Such were the characteristics of the men and women who pioneered the way 
to the country of the Sac and Fox Indians. Those who visited them in their 
cabins in a social capacity, or settled among them as real occupants of the soil, 
were always welcome as long as they proved themselves true men or women. 
The stranger who came among them and claimed shelter, food and a, place to 
sleep, was made as welcome as one of the household. To tender them pay in 
return for their hosjjitality, was oidy to insult the better feelings of their nature. 
If a neighbor fell sick and needed care and attention, the whole nei<Thborhood 
was interested. If a cabin was to be raised, every man " turned out," and 
oftentimes the women, too, and while the men piled up the logs that fashioned 
the primitive dwelling-place, the women prepared the dinner. Sometimes it 
was cooked by big log fires at the site where the cabin was building. In other 
cases, the meal was prepared at the nearest cabin, and at the proper hour was 
carried to where the men were at work. If one neighbor killed a beef, a pig, 
or a deer, every other family in the neighborhood was sure to receive a piece of 
it, and a welcome remembrance it often proved. One of the few remaining 
pioneers remarked : " In those days we were neighborly in a true sense. We 
were all on an equality. Aristocratic feelings were unknown and would not 
have been tolerated. What one had, we all had, and that was the happiest 
period of my life. But to-day, if you lean against a neighbor's shade-tree, he 
will charge you for it. If you are poor and happen to fiill sick, you may lie 
and suffer almost unattended, or go to the poorhouse ; and just as like as not the 
man who would report you to the authorities as a subject of county care, would 
charge the county for making the report." This declaration was made, not be- 
cause the facts exist as he put them, but to show the contrast between the feel- 
ing and practices of the pioneers of the long ago, and the people of the present. 

As an instance of pioneer generosity and liberality, Mr. Smith relates the 
following : 

In 183r), Mr. Smith raised a pretty fair crop of potatoes, but not enou"!! 
sod-corn to carry him through the winter, and found it necessary to buy. 
" Old Frankie Redding," as he come to be called, had settled in what is now 
Dos Moines County, near Augusta, a year or so before Mr. Smith made his 

F 



408 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

claim, and had raised a good crop of corn, quite a surplus over what he needed 
for his own use, and had corn to sell. Smith heard of the fact, and paid him 
a visit with a view to buying enough' to supply his wants. When he arrived at 
Redding's place, he found him busy gathering his corn, and making his business 
known, Mr. Redding gave him a searching look, and asked, " Have you the 
money to pay for the corn, Mr. Smith ? " " Yes, sir," replied Smith. " Have 
you a team to haul it away ? " " Yes," " Well, Mr, Smith," said Old 
Frankie, " you can't have any of this corn. ' 

The answer was so blunt and emphatic, and so entirely unexpected, that 
Smith was nonplused. It seemed so contrary to the usual practice of the first 
settlers to refuse to divide with their less fortunate neighbors, that he marveled 
what kind of a man this corn-rich nabob could be. He buckled up courage, 
however, and demanded a reason for such seeming selfishness. " Well,"" 
replied Redding, " there are a good many new settlers who have located near 
me who are not as well off as you are. They have no money to pay for corn 
and no teams' to haul it away, and I am saving my surplus for them. You have 
money and a team, and can go somewhere else." Smith could scarcely credit 
the statement, and afterward took pains to satisfy himself that it was honestly 
made. Five years afterward Redding told Smith that he had not yet got his 
pay for all the corn credited out that fall, but said he, "it will be returned to 
me when I have quit raising corn." 

Smith came home, took his team and went to the Mississippi River, opposite 
Pontoosuc, 111., at which place he bought what corn he Avanted. A son of 
Black Hawk was camped on the west side of the river, and Smith employed 
some squaws to bring his grain across in canoes. Owing to the rough water 
they were nearly two days in getting it over. 

A PREACHER IN THE WILDERNESS. 

You raised these hallowed walls ; the desert smiled, 
And paradise was opened in these wilds. — Pope. 

The first religious services (preaching) in this part of Lee County were held 
at the cabin of 'Squire Owens, who was one of the founders of the Lost Creek 
Church. The services were conducted by Rev. David Chance, a Christian 
(sometimes irreverently called Campbellites, after the founder of that branch of 
the Christian Church) minister, who lived in what is now Des Moines County. 
[The exact date of this first sermon has been forgotten.] There were not more 
than a dozen or twenty persons present, and they were there without regard to 
fashion or display. There was neither organ nor organized choir to add vocal 
melody to the occasion. The preacher gave out the hymn, two lines at a time,, 
something after the following manner: 

" Before Jehovah's awful throne, 

Ye nations bow with sacred joy ; " 

then, raising his voice, the preacher led in singing. When these two lines were 
rendered, he lined the next two — 

" Know that the Lord is God alone, 
He can create and He destroy ; " 

and resuming the last measure of the tune, completed the stanza, and so on, to 
the end of the hymn. 

At that meeting the seeds were sown that grew into the organization of the 
Lost Creek Christian Church, which is believed to be the oldest church organ- 
ization in the State of Iowa. The organization was perfected at the cabin of 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 409 

'Squire Owens, on the 6th day of April, 1836. The society was made up from 
the families of Samuel Ross, Joshua Owens, Isaac Briggs, John Box, P. P. 
Jones, Frederick Lowry, Dr. Stephenson, Samuel Thombs, Col. Jonas Bice, 
Samuel Briggs, John Stephenson, John 0. Smith, John Wren, Silas Gregg, 
Barzilla Mothershead, Carroll Payne, and others of that day and generation.* 
In the beginning, Joshua Owens, Isaac Briggs, John Box and P. P. Jones 
were the active, guiding members, and to their energy, zeal and devotion to the 
interests of the pioneer society, and their discretion and judgment in meeting 
and overcoming obstacles of opposition when the society was in its infancy, is 
attributed much of the success and usefulness that have attended the organization 
to the present. In 1838, John Thompson settled in the neighborhood, and 
became an Elder in the society. The organization has always been maintained 
intact, and but few Sabbaths have passed since the 6th of April, 1836 that 
services have not been held and well attended. The ministrations of Elder 
Thompson are held in sacred remembrance by the members of this society. He 
was an eminently good man in all the relations of life, and his death was sincerely 
lamented. 

Pretty soon after the organization was perfected, the society took possession of 
a house which Briggs had erected for a dwelling, and in which services were held 
until the present church edifice was built in 1849, 

John Box, named above as one of the founders of this church, moved to Davis 
County, about fifteen years ago, to live with a son, and died there in 1876. 

The first school was taught in a small cabin on the farm of David Tibbetts 
in the year 1837. The name of the teacher was Williams. He died a few 
years afterward, and his remains lie buried on the present farm of John Sten- 
ger, Section 10, Washington Township. 

A man named Pedigo, who settled near Skunk River, was the first one of 
the pioneers to this part of Lee County to be called to " quit this mournful vale," 
and to be carried away and left in the "silent city of the dead." His death 
occurred in the fall of 1835, and was the first in the neighborhood. 

The first funeral sermon was preached at the burial of a son of John 
0. Smith, who died in August, 1837. Rev. Micajah Rowland was the 
preacher. 

Mr. Smith occupied his claim for thirty years — years that were full of trials 
and tribulations. In that time, he lost the son whose death was the occasion of 
the funeral sermon just quoted. When the hardships of pioneer life had 
vanished before his industry and economy, he built a fine frame residence, 
which was destroyed by fire soon after it was completed. About the same 
time, a man for whom he had indorsed in the sum of $2,000 failed to meet 
the obligation, and he was left to "foot the bill." He was houseless :ind 
12,000 in debt. 

On the 11th day of August, 1862, two sons, aged respectively fourteen and 
seventeen years, were drowned in Skunk River, near Augusta. On the 9th of 
September following, another son who had grown to manhood and gone to seek 
his fortune on the Pacific Slope, was cruelly assassinated in California. Mrs. 
Smith, the wife and mother, died on the 12th of December, 1863. On the 4th 
of December, 1865, Mr. Smith nearly severed his foot with a chopping-ax. A 
disease of the bones set in, and amputation became necessary, and on the 
fortieth day after the accident his right leg was taken off between the ankle 
and knee joints. Thus disabled from farm work, he sold his farm, stock, 
etc., and removed to the village of Denmark, where he is now serving as Post- 
master. 



410 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



GLEANINGS FROM THE MEMORY OF A. W. HARLAN. 

HOW GILES SULLIVAN PERSUADED A CLERK TO ISSUE A MARRIAGE 

LICENSE. THE FIRST SETTLER ON THE DES MOINES. COURTING 

BY MOONLIGHT. MAIL FACILITIES, ETC., ETC. 

A. W. Harlan, who has lived for twenty-five years in Van Buren Town- 
ship, first came to what is now Lee County in 1834. He is a native of Indi- 
ana, and prior to 1834, was, for several years, trading on the Lower Mississippi. 
In his young days, he was lithe and active, fond of sport, and when it came to 
a wrestle, either with white man or Indian, the size of his opponent was a mat- 
ter of small consideration. He has often swam the Mississippi River, below the 
mouth of the Ohio, for amusement. 

Mr. Harlan first landed in what is now Lee County September 10, 1834, 
crossing the river in a leaky canoe from Montebello. The nearest ferry at that 
time was at Warsaw, a small boat, propelled by horse-power, and owned and 
operated by Lieut. Wilcox, who had been an ofiicer in the army at Fort 
Edwards. 

Harlan was employed by Lieut. Grossman in building the barracks at 
Fort Des Moines. He was the owner of a horse which, when not needed for 
use, was turned out to graze below the barracks. Giles Sullivan lived near 
Nashville in 1833 and 1834, and traded with the Indians, and when the dra- 
goons occupied the fort, had quite a trade supplying them with whisky. One 
day a stranger from Kentucky, riding a good horse which had become lame, 
stopped at Sullivan's cabin and wished to trade his horse for one better able to 
travel. Sullivan caught Harlan's horse which was grazing in the neighbor- 
hood, and, without consulting Harlan, an exchange was made, much to Sulli- 
van's advantage. Harlan had great difiiculty in getting pay for his horse, and 
finally, to secure himself, took a small stock of whisky from Sullivan, and 
be^^an cultivating the patronage of the soldiers. Col. Kearney came down to see 
him one day, and, threatening destruction to his liquors if his trade with the 
soldiers was not stopped, Harlan shortly afterward sold out to Ezra Overall, 
who soon after met the fate which Harlan had escaped. 

The cabin occupied by Giles Sullivan was one and a half miles below Nash- 
ville, on what came to be known in after years as the " Burtis " place, and was 
built by John Tollman before he took his claim on the Des Moines River, oppo- 
site St. Francisville. Sullivan had been a trader with the Indians for many 
years, and could speak their language fluently. He was a reckless character, 
and is described by Harlan as his '' evil genius." 

Sullivan courted the daughter of old man Willis, who lived in Illinois, near 
Montebello, then the county seat of Hancock County. The girl was willing, 
but the family were opposed to the match, and, as she was under age, the question 
was how to get the license. Sullivan went to the Clerk's ofiice one dny, when 
onlv that officer was in, tendered the necessary fee, and demanded the papers. 
The ofiicer refused without being satisfied of the parent's consent, when Sulli- 
van stepped to the fire-place, took up a shovel full of live coals, and, pointing to 
a box in which the records of the ofiice were kept, and said : " Now, d — n 
you, issue that license, or I'll throw these coals in your box of papers, and 
knock you down with the shovel." The officer believed Sullivan would do as he 
said, and, with visions of a burning building over his head, issued the license. 
Sullivan took the paper, and, with the girl, proceeded to a Methodist 
preacher, with whom he had a previous understanding, and they were married. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 411 

Sullivan left the vicinity of Nashville in December, 1834, and settled at 
what is now Bentonsport, Van Buren County. He died many years ago, 
but his wife, the better half of him, was still living at last accounts, near- 
Lancaster, Mo. 

John Tollman was the first settler in Lee County, on the Des Moines 
River. In the fall of 1834, his cabin, which stood nearly opposite St. Fran- 
cisville. Mo., looked as if it might have been built two or three years. Pre- 
vious to locating here, he had lived a short distance below Nashville. He was 
an Eastern man, and had been a United States soldier. His wife was a half- 
breed. Dr. Samuel Hearn, who got his title by peddling pills for Dr. Galland, 
bought his claim on the Des Moines River, and Tollman moved to what is now 
Van Buren County, first to Summit and then to lowaville. Afterward, still 
keeping as near the Indian lands as possible, he moved to Soap Creek, in 
Davis County, where he died a few years later. 

Dr. Samuel Hearn and members of the family continued to own the claim 
purchased from Tollman, until his death some five or six years ago, at the res- 
idence of his son-in-law, Johnson Meek. He was buried on the farm. His 
daughter, Mrs. Meek, in her youthful days was possessed of a remarkably 
luxurious head of hair, coal-black in color, but age has changed it to snow-white. 

In 1834, some men were sent over from Missouri by William Phelps, who 
lived near "Sweet Home," and about two acres of ground was cleared and 
planted in corn, on what is now A. W. Harlan's farm, in Van Buren Town- 
ship. Josiah Roberts made some addition to the corn-patch the next year. 

COURTING AND DANCING IN PIONEER TIMES. 

Some of the ladies may wish to know how courting was done in those days. 
It was done by moonlight, principally, and, if not in that way, in the house 
with the lights out and the embers covered with ashes. That was a good way, 
too. Those were the days when people went sleigh-riding in ox-wagons, and 
danced on puncheon floors. Sometimes the joists were not high enough to 
admit of a tall gentleman dancing, but in that case, he danced between them. 
Once in a while an amusing scene would occur, by one end of a puncheon tip- 
ping up and striking somebody in the face, but such occurrences were not 
common. 

PIONEER MAIL-CARRIERS. 

"About 1834," says Capt. James W. Campbell, "Robert McBride carried 
the first horse mail from St. Francisville to Montrose, and from Montrose to 
Keokuk. At that time. Palmyra, Mo., was the distributing post ofiice for all 
the country west and northwest of that point.' Afterward, according to Mr 
Harlan, George Harlan carried the mail from Rock Island to Dubuque ; Dr. 
Hearn from Flint Hills to St. Francisville, Mo., by way of Fort Madison, 
and A. W. Harlan from St. Francisville to Keosauqua. The Government 
refusing to provide facilities, A. W. Harlan established post ofiices and 
appointed Postmasters on his route, on his own responsibility. They worked 
without pay, however. 

Nathan Smith, now living at St. Francisville, Mo., carried the mail on 
horse-back from Warsaw, 111., to Rock Island, in 1828. His route was on 
the east side of the river. 

LEARNING TO TALK INDIAN. 

In the early days, the first settlers were ambitious to be able to talk and 
understand Indian. Mr. Harlan states that he nevei* mastered the language. 



412 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

but he could understand the talk of an Indian better than he can now decipher 
one of Judge Johnstone's letters. Giles Sullivan, with whom he was associated 
in 1834, and afterward, had, from his long intercourse with the Indians, became 
well versed in their customs and language, and could converse with them 
readily. In the winter of 1834 Sullivan and Harlan paid a visit to Black 
Hawk's camp, on Devil Creek. They called at the lodge of old Not-ta-wa, 
who, by Harlan's request, related the origin of the creek's name. 

" The old Indian reached up both hands, spread ont his fingers, slapped his 
hands together once, then stuck up one finger. Then Sullivan said to me : 
' Eleven years ; keep still.' The old Indian talked and gesticulated for some 
time. His squaw at one time made a vigorous gesture toward me saying : 
' Che-wa-lis-ki Man-i-tou See-po.' I was somewhat alarmed, and thought 
she was going to strike me ; but I afterward learned that she was only giving 
emphasis to the name of the creek. Eleven years back from that time, as Not- 
ta-wa told it, would have made it about 1823, when most of the Indians lived 
near the mouth of Rock River, in Illinois. Quite a large party came down to 
this creek to make she-se-pac (sugar). Their sugar-camps or boiling-places 
extended several miles up the creek. They had an excellent run for th'ree or 
four days, when the weather suddenly became sultry, even hot. A fog came 
on, and seemed to hang on the trees, near the surface of the ground, with occa- 
sional openings so they could see the clear sky above ; yet there was occasional 
lightning on the under side of the fog, but no thunder. The fog grew thicker 
and the lightning increased in brightness, but still no thunder could be heard. 
At last, the earth began to tremble, and a legion of devils came down the 
creek, riding on a big wave of water that stood up square in front about ten 
feet high. The devils looked like balls of fire, and run in every direction, 
caught every Indian they could and carried them off bodily, and their remains 
were never found. They also carried off their kettles of sirup. Hence the 
name, ' Che-wa-lis-ki Man-i-tou Se-po,' or Evil Spirit River. The corruption 
to Devil Creek was easy." 

DRIVING CATTLE FROM ST. CHARLES, MO., TO THE SELKIRK SETTLEMENT IN 
BRITISH AMERICA — THE FIRST DROVE TO ENTER IOWA. 

The following account of the first drove of cattle that ever crossed Iowa in 
any direction, was given to A. W. Harlan by Giles Sullivan, who accompanied 
the drove from their starting-point, St. Charles, Mo., as far as the Des Moines 
River : 

In 1815, just after the close of the British war, Lord Selkirk, who had 
e^-tablished a colony on the Red River of the North, in the British Possessions, 
arranged with a citizen of New York to deliver at the colony 500 head of cattle. 
St. Charles, Mo., was the nearest point at which the cattle could be obtained, 
and the contract was sublet to " Old Dick Carr" and B. Lewis Musick. Carr 
and Musick were energetic men, and soon had their cattle collected, buying 
mostly on credit until they had completed the contract. Giles Sullivan was 
hired to assist in driving as far as the Des Moines River. They came up the 
Mississippi bottom and crossed the Des Moines about where St. Francisville is 
now situated, and stopped for several days on the Sand Prairie, near the pres- 
ent village of Vincennes. Here Sullivan left them, and Carr and Musick, with 
other assistants, proceeded up the divide between Skunk and Des Moines 
Rivers, passing through String Prairie, toward Big Mound, and must have passed 
very near Absalom Anderson's present farm. The Indians troubled them to some 
extent, and succeeded in stealing some of their stock ; but no serious loss was 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. ^ 413 

•experienced. In due course of time, they reached Selkirk's settlement, where 
his agent, well pleased with the cattle, issued a bill of exchange for their value 
in the name of the original contractor. Carr and Musick made their way 
home, striking the Mississippi River about St. Paul, from which point they 
came in canoes. They handed over the draft to the contractor, who, by some 
sort of hocus pocus, cheated Carr and Musick out of every dollar. 

John S. McCune, of St. Louis, the king of the steamboat trade, got his 
first start in the world by helping drive cattle from Louisiana, Mo. (where he 
was partially raised), to the Selkirk settlement. Whether he went through 
with Carr and Musick, the writer is not advised ; but it is certain that he made 
some two or three trips to the Selkirk settlement as a cattle-driver when he was 
quite a young man. 

WISCONSIN TERRITORY. 

Wisconsin Territory was organized under act of Congress, approved April 
20, 1836. The act declared " that from and after the 3d day of July next, 
the country included within the following boundaries shall constitute a separate 
Territory, for the purpose of temporary government, by the name of Wiscon- 
sin ; that is to say : bounded on the east by a line drawn from the northeast 
corner of the State of Illinois, through the middle of Lake Michigan, to a point 
in the middle of said Lake, and opposite the main channel of Green Bay, and 
through said channel and Grreen Bay to the mouth of the Menominee River ; 
thence through the middle of the main channel of the said river, to 
that head of said river nearest to the Lake of the Desert ; thence in a direct 
line to the middle of said lake ; thence through the middle of the main channel 
of the Montreal River to its mouth ; thence with a direct line across Lake 
Superior, to where the territorial line of the United States last touches said 
lake, northwest ; thence on the north, with said territorial line, to the White- 
earth River ; on the west, by a line from the said boundary line, following down 
the middle of the main channel of the White-earth River to the Missouri River ; 
and down the middle of the main channel of the Missouri River to a point due 
west from the northwest corner of the State of Missouri ; and on the south, 
from said point due east to the northwest corner of the State of Missouri ; and 
thence with the boundaries of the State of Missouri and Illinois, as already 
fixed by act of Congress." 

These boundaries included all the territory now included in the States of 
Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota, and all that part of Dakota Territory lying 
on the east side of the Missouri River, and also that part of that Territory on 
the west of the Missouri River and north of the White-earth River to the British 
Possessions. 

The act, under which Wisconsin Territory was organized, was approved by 
President Jackson, who appointed Henry Dodge,* of Missouri, to be Governor 
of the new dependency. Soon after entering upon the duties of the position. 
Gov. Dodge ordered a census of the new Territory to be taken, and the 
population of the two counties on the west side of the Mississippi River, Dubuque 
and Des Miones, aggregated 10,531. An election (by proclamation) was ordered 
to be held on the first Monday in October, 1836, for members of the Territo- 
rial Legislature. This assembly of territorial Solons and law-makers convened 
at Belmont, in the present State of Wisconsin, on the 25th day of the same 
month. 



' Gov. Dodge wag bora in Vinoennes, Ind., and emigrated to Cape Girardeau County, Mo., when quite j'oung. 



414 HlSTk^RY OF LKK COUNTY. 

The second act of the first sesisdon of the Wiscxnisin Territorial Legislature, 
was entitlevl " An act to v>stablisl\ the Judicial Pistriots of the Tovritoi'v. and 
for other purposes." Seotiou 1 of this aor piwid^\i that the ^vunties of Oi'inv- 
forvi and Iowa y^Wisoonsin^ shouhi constitute the Fii-st Judicial District : that , 
the counties of Dubuque and Des Moines should constitute the Sec^nid Judicial 
District, and tJiat the counties of Brown and Milwaukee (Wisconsin^ should 
constitute the Third Judicial District, 

Section i! assigned Charles Dunn. Chief Justice of tli« Supreme Court of 
the Territory of Wisconsin, to the Vii-st District : David Trviix. Associate Jus- 
tice of said Court, to the Second District, and William C. Frajier. Associate 
Justice, etc., to the Thil^l District. 

Act 1^0. 4. w;\s entitled *' An act to amend an act entitlevi an act to piwide 
for the appointment of Sherifts, and to detii\e their duties and powers." passeii 
hy the Legislative Council of the Territory of Michigan, on the -od day of April. 
l*S8o. which requiwd the bonds of s;\id ShcritV to bo apptwed by two Judges of 
the County or Ciivuit Court of the pivper Cvninty. was ivpealed. and so amended 
as to allow the bonds of the Sheriffs of the sevei-al counties to be appiwed by 
the Judge of the District Court of the proper county, or by any two Justices 
of the Peace of the same county, in the same manner as the said Judges of the 
County or Circuit Court might have done. 

Act number six. approved November IT. 1S8(>. authorised the Juvlges of the 
several judicial districts to appoint a clerk of each court of their ivspov'tive dis- 
tricts piwious to holding the tii"st term of each court, who should hold their 
oiWces until the first term of the t.\mrt for winch they should be appointe^l. ai\d 
until their successors were appointixl and qualifieii. 

The twenty-fii"^t act, appiwed December T. lSoi\ was entitled. '* An act 
dividing the v.\nmty of Des Moines into several new c\ninties."" Section 1 of 
this acf defined the boundaries of Lee County in the woixis following : 

Bf »J f«e.!<"?A? hi! tkf Cbv^fii aftd lly>vff o/ Rfprttfiiomy^ >>/ (k^ JV'-Wj.^r^ of" U"j.<\v •»,<•(•«. That 
the oouutrv inoUidod within th^ following limits, to wit: t^cginning .st the most southern outlet 
of Skunk Vviver. on the Mississippi : theno* in » northenx direction, passing thrvnigh the gr\>re 
on the hesvi of the Northern l^rsu^-h of Iavsi (.\v*k : and thence to !» point correspouvling with 
the rsnge line dividing R.snges Seren .-^nd Kight : .nud thence south with said line to the Pes 
Moines River ; thence down the middle of the satne to the Mississippi ; *nd thence up the 
Mississippi to the place of beginning, he. and the saute is hereby, set off into a separate ^^n^nty. 
by the name of l.ee.^ 

Sevnion 8 provided that the District Court should " be held at the town of 
Madison, in the vx>unty of Lee on the last Monday in NCarch and on the last 
Monday in August in each year ; in the town of Fannington. in the county of 
Van Buren, on the se».'ond Monday in April and the Second Monday in Sep- 
tember of each year." 

Cook County wi\s attacluxi to Mu^qmtint hr judicial purposes. 

Ssc. 11. This act to b« in fott^ tVotn sad after its passag"?. and until the end *f the ne^t 
annual session of the Legislative Assembly, and »\o longer. P. H. KNGLK, 

v!^*«iJt*r «>r" tit //oM«« *(f Rtprts^Mivfif. 
Hksky $. U.vtst>. ?V«Mn»ui of tit ChtitiiL 
.\pproved Decetuber 7. 1§S7. H. POIHUI 

The origitv of the name of Lee County is a subjt.vt of cot\ rroversy. Tit a 
letter to the editor of Amhth of .lotra. dateii October li\ IS(^S. Julius A. IuhhI 
says Dr. Galland told him that when Lee County was formed it was propv-vse^i 
to call it after him ; but he objecteii and pi\>posed it be cjvlled Lee, after liCe, 
of the New York Land Comjvany, and it w.as adoptevi. Othei-s claim it \»-as 

* Vau l?\iw«. rv« Mvvin5>s. Heiuy, Wuiss. ifw!^«»<S«*, *«d 0>.v.>; (.now SvVte xww cr«*t*d umaw tlio sAuit^ sot 



ITTSTOKY OK \,KK (^OUNTY. 416' 

named after (Ion. R. K. liC'(>, of (\)nfederate notoriety, who snrvovt'<i tlto Des 
Moinos Rapids, in 1884. llo h:is l)oon written toon tlie siibioct,"l)nt has no 
kuowlodgo ol' siK'li ehiini being Ibundecl on tact. 

C\ou. Albert Lea. after whom the town of Albert Ijoa, Minn., wati 
named, now living at (\>rsieana, Texas, and who was in the Confederate Army, 
luis written a letter since this work was commenced, in Avhich lie claims that 
the county was nanunl for hinu Tie says he was present at the Legishiture 
when tlie bill Avas passed under which the county was organized, and that tlie 
name was spelled /wvr in the original bill, and that the orthography was 
changed (accidentally) by the clerks in copying, etc. He suggested, in his 
letter on the subject, which was addressed to Judge Miller, of the United 
States Supren\e Hench, that measures be taken to restore the orthography. 
The claim of Gen. Lea, liowever, is disputed by such eminently well-informed 
gentliMnen as (leu. Oodge, Judge Johnstone and Hon. 1>. V. Miller, so that 
the question as lo iUc origin of the name is still unsettled. 

It is almost impossible to trace the boundary lines of Lee County as defined 
in the organic act. Old settlers say the '"■ Grove on the north branch of Lost 
Creek " must have been the one in the neigld)orhood where the corners of Den- 
nnirk, Washington, West Point and Pleasant Ridge Townships are joined. A 
continuation oi' the line in the same direction would strike the range line 
between Ranges 7 and 8 very nearly at the present northwest corner of 
the county, and from thence it W'Ont due south on the present west line of the 
county, to the Des Moines River. 

The act, however, w^as only to renniin in force until the end of the next 
annual session of the Legislative Assembly, and no longer. 

Act nundier sixty-seven of the Second Session of the Wisconsin Territorial 
Legislature re-established the boundary lines as follows : 

Beginning iit the main channel of the Mississippi Rivev, due east ft'om the entrance of 
Skunk Rivov into the same : thence up said river, to where the township line, dividing Townships 
Si\tv-oight and Sixty-nine, north, leaves said river ; thence with said \\m\ to the range line 
between IJanges Ko\ir and Kive. west ; thence north with said line to the towusliip line, between 
Townships Sixl.v-uiue and Seventy, north; thence west with said line, to the range line between 
Ranges Seven .and Kight west : thence south with said line, to the Oes Moines River ; thence down 
said river, to tl>e middle of the main cliannel of the Mississippi River; tlience up the same to 
the place of beginning. 

The same act established the seat of justice at Fort Madison, 
By this act all of what is now Denmark Township and a small portion of 
Green Btiy, were left attached to Des Moines County, and the wedge-shaped 
fractional township lying north of Skunk River and south of what is now Henry 
County, was made a part of Lee County. By an act passed at the first session 
of the Iowa Territorial Legislature, and approved January 23, 1839, the 
boundaries of Lee County, as they now exist, were established. 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 

BOUNr>ARIES. 

Lee County is situated in the southeast corner of the State, and occupies 
thiit portion of the territory lying immediately between the Mississippi and 
Des Moines Rivers, and is bounded on the east by the Mississippi, on the 
north by Skunk River and Henry County, on the west by Van Buren. 
County, and on the south by the Des Moines River. 



416 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

It has an area of about five hundred square miles of surface, which is 
nearly equally divided between prairie and timber, and is well watered. In 
addition to the great water-courses, which nearly bound it on three sides, there 
are three principal creeks, with numerous small branches. 

Dc's Jloinr's ■Supar On't-Jc tinds its principal sources in Section ilT. Cedar 
Township, and Section T, Harrison Township. It Hows in a southeasterly 
<xmi-se and discharges itswatei*s into the Des Moines River from fractional Sec- 
tion 24, Jackson Township. Its largest tributary rises in Section 9, Des Moines 
Township, and unites with the main creek on Section 0, Jackson Township. 
The name is derived from sugar-maple trees that grow along its course. 

Sihjar Cirek tinds its main sources just across the line in Henry County. 
These branches enter Lee County in Sections i^ and l\ and unite on Section 2t>. 
Marion Township. The principal western tributary rises in Section 13, Cedar 
Township, and unites with the main creek at the northeast corner of Section 11, 
Franklin Township. A smaller western tributary, called Painter Creek, rises 
in the southwest corner of Section "2, Charleston Township, flows southeast to 
the northern part of Sections 19 and 20. Jefferson Township, and there turns 
northeast and unites with the main channel in Section lt>, Jefferson Township. 
Below the mouth of Painter Creek, this stream is called Devil Creek, from the 
Indian name Che-wa-lis-ki Man-i-tou Se-po, which, being interpreted, means Evil 
Spirit River. Devil Creek joins the Mississippi at the southeast corner of 
Section 28, Jefferson Township. Sugar Creek comes from the sugar-maple 
trees that grow along its banks. A small, eastern tributary rises in Section 
SO, Pleasant Ridge Township. Hows southwest and unites with Sugar Creek, on 
Section 2, Franklin Township. A second one rises in Section 34. Pleasant 
Ridge Township, and joins Sugar Creek on Section 29, West Point Township. 
The only eastern tributary of Devil Creek is formed by two creeks that unite 
in Section 10, Jefferson Township, from whence they empty into Devil Creek 
at the southeastern corner of Section 15. Jefferson Township. The largest of 
these creeks rises in Section d, Washington Township. The smaller, or east- 
ern one, is formed by two branches that rise in Sections 17 and IS, Washing- 
ton Township, and unite in Section 10, in Jeffei'son Township. 

Frii't's Cvtrk is a small water-coui-se, only two or three miles in length. 
It rises at Summitville, on Section 38. in Montrose Township, aiul joins the 
Mississippi on Section 13, Jackson Township. 

Lemolit'iie or Sandmh/ Crct-k, at the mouth of which it is believed Marquette 
and Joliett landed from their canoes on the 21st day of June, 1678. and thence 
went across to the Des Moines River, rises in Section 27, Montrose Township, 
and joins the Mississippi on Section 1, Jackson Township. 

A small stream rises in Section 36. Charleston Township, and joins the 
Mississippi at the upper corner of the village of Montrose. 

French Creek rises in Section 20, Washington Township, Hows south and 
unites with the Mississippi River at the southwest corner of Fort Madison. 

Fenitrntian/ Creek rises in Section 14, Washington Township, tlows south 
and empties into the Mississippi at the upper end of Fort Madison. 

Lost Creek rises in the center of the southern part of Section 20, Pleasant 
Ridge Township, tlows southeast to the southeast quarter of Section 8, not far 
from JoUyville, Green Bay Township, where it was originally lost, by spread- 
ing all over the prairie, and hence its name. A few years ago, the township cut 
a channel, or ditch, and threw up an embankment on either side, from Section 
8 to the upper end of Green Bay. by which a good deal of land was reclaimed 
and made susceptible of the highest stages of cultivation. In wet seasons, a 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 417 

tremendous current flows down Lost Creek, which, in its mad fury, carries for- 
ward everything that comes in the course of its floods. The railroad has often 
suff'ered serious damage from the force of its current. 

Mud Creek, a tributary of Lost Creek, rises in Section 16, Washington 
Township, flows southeast and joins the main channel in Section 24 of the^ 
same township. 

Cedar CreeJc, a small water-course, rises just across the line in Van Buren 
County, flows east, through Sections 7 and 8, to the west part of Section 9 ; 
thence turns due north and leaves Lee County from the northeast corner of 
Section 4, and empties into Skunk River, in Henry County. 

The Des Moines River heads in Southwestern Minnesota. 

Origin of the name Des Moines. — In Nicollet's " Report of the Upper Mis- 
sissippi River," made to Congress February 16, 1841, and published in 1843, 
he gives the following account of the origin of the name of the Des Moines 
River : 

" The Des Moines is one of the most beautiful and important tributaries of 
the Mississippi, north of the Missouri ; and the metamorphosis which its 
name has undergone from its original appellation is curious enough to be 
recorded. 

" We are informed that Father Marquette and M. Joliett, during their voy- 
age in search of the Mississippi, having reached the distance of sixty leagues 
below the mouth of the Wisconsin, observed the footprints of men on the right 
side of the great river, which served as a guide to those two celebrated explorers 
to the discovery of an Indian trail, or path, leading to an extensive prairie, and 
which they determined to follow. Having proceeded about two leagues, they 
first saw one village on the bank of the river, and then two others upon the 
slope, half a league from the first. The travelers, having halted within hailing 
distance, were met by the Indians, who ofiered them their hospitalities, and 
represented themselves as belong to the Illinois nation. 

" The name which they gave their settlement was Moningouinas (or 
Moingona, as laid down in the ancient maps of the country), and is a cor- 
ruption of the Algonquin word, Mikouang, signifying at the road, by their 
customary elliptical manner of designating localities, alluding, in this instance, 
to the well-known road in this section of the country, which they used to 
follow as a communication between the head of the lower rapids and their 
settlement on the river which empties itself into the Mississippi, to avoid 
the rapids ; and this is still the practice of the present inhabitants of the 
country. 

" Now, after the French had established themselves on the Mississippi, they 
adopted this name ; but with their custom (to this day also that of the Creoles) 
of only pronouncing the first syllable, and applying it to the river as well as to 
the Indians who dwelt upon it — so they would say, ' la riviere des Moines ' {the 
7'iver of the Moines) : ' allez chez les Moines ' (to go to the Moines people). 
But, in latter times, the inhabitants associated this name with that of the Trap- 
pist Monks {Moines de la Trappe), who resided with the Indians of the Ameri- 
can Bottom. 

" It was then concluded that the true reading of the riviere des Moines was 
the ^riviere des Moines,' or river of Monks, by which name it is designated on 
all the modern maps. The Sioux, or Ndakotah Indians, call the Des Moines 
Inyan-sha-sha-Wdtpa, or Redstone River, from inyan, stone ; sha-sha, redupli- 
cation of sha, red; and tvatpa, river. They call the upper east fork Inyan- 
sha-sha-watpa-sunkaku, the Brother of the Redstone River." 



418 • HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Skunk River lieads in Hamilton County, Iowa, and tlows through Storj^ 
Polk. Jasper, Marion, Mahaska, Keokuk, AVashington, touches Jefferson, then 
through Henry, and divides Lee and Des jNIoines. 

On'ijin of the name. — The name comes from the Sao and Fox Indian word, 
Che-qua-que, which means skunk. The adoption of the English translation, 
sku)il\ does not evince any great poetical taste, but the pride of the dwellers 
along its course is somewhat gratified when they call to mind the tact that the 
great conuuercial emporium of the West derives its name from no better source. 
Chi-ca-go and C7ie-qua-que are slightly different pronunciations of an Indian 
word that means the same thing — skunk or bad-snielUng. 

Surface and Soil. — The prairie lands in Lee County have a rolling or undu- 
lating surface, and are covered by a rich, black loamy soil from one to four feet 
in depth, that is unsurpassed in fertility by any territory of equal extent in the 
State. 

Timber. — The timber on the upland consists of black, white and red oak, 
linden, hickory and cherry. Black and white walnut, ash, hackberry, buck- 
eye, sugar and white maple, cottonwood, sycamore, honey locust and elm. are- 
found in the bottoms. The sugar maple was utilized by the Indians. When 
the sugar-making season came, some of them, at least, erected camps in the 
maple forests, tapped the trees, caught the sap and made sugar. When William 
Skinner tirst moved out on Sugar Creek in December, 1884. he lived in Black 
Hawks sugar-making camp until he built his cabin. 



GEOLOGY. 

[Fnim the Official Report of Jaiues Hall, 1S6S.1 

The following section exhibits the different geological formations exposed in 
Lee County, with their true stratigraphical position ; and are noted in the order 
in which they occur, beginning with the upper : 

Alluvium. 

Drift or bowlder formation .5CM85 feet. 

Coal-measures \ -^o feet 

Shale and sandstone with ooal seam I 

Couoretionarv limestone 40 feet. 

I Arenaceous limestone 40 feet. 

\ Marly clays and impure limestones with Fenestella (Archimedes) 20 feet. 

Magnesian limestone 12 feet. 

Geode bed 45 feet. 

Keokuk limestone 25 feet. 

Cherty limestone 40 feet. 

Burlington orinoidal limestone 80 feet. 

Chemung gritstones and Oolitic limestone 20 feet. 

The term alhivium is made to include those deposits that have been formed' 
since the present order of things, and which do not contain the remains of 
extinct species of animals or plants in a fossil state. This includes the soil and 
subsoil of the uplands, and the deposits along the creeks and rivers termed 
"bottoms," and consequently forms the surface everywhere except where it may 
have been removed by the action of water. Nearly the whole of Green Bay 
Township, in the northeast corner of the county, is composed of alluvial bottom 
lands, and is by far the most valuable deposit of this kind in the county. This 
bottom was once subject to overflow at periods of high water; but by a judicious 
system of leveling, it is now secured from inundation, except in seasons of 
extraordinary Hood ; and in point of fertility, it is hardly excelled by the far- 
ftimed bottom lands of the Miami. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 419 

There are no lands in Lee County, or, perhaps, in the State of Iowa, capa- 
ble of producing as great an amount of human food to the acre as those of the 
Green Bay bottoms. The inhabitants were formerly subject to periodical attacks 
of chill and fever ; but, since the surface has been generally brought under 
€ultivation, and swampy portions cleared out and properly drained, they have 
enjoyed as good health generally as those living on the high lands adjacent. 
Between Fort Madison and Montrose, there is a belt of what may be termed 
high bottoms, or terrace lands, from three to four miles in width, which seem 
to belong to an older period than those just described, and consisting of beds of 
sand and gravel, the surface of which is from twenty to thirty feet above the 
present high-water level of the river, and yet bear strong marks of having been 
deposited by river-floods when the bed of the Mississippi was at a considera- 
bly higher level than it occupies at present. As an evidence that the river 
along the rapids once occupied a much higher level, we have the fact that a 
band of Unmies (river mussels) extends on both sides of the river, at an eleva- 
tion of from fifteen to twenty feet above the present high-water mark, nearly 
the whole distance from Nauvoo to Keokuk. Just below the Mansion House 
in Nauvoo, this mussel band is twenty-five feet, by measurement, above the 
ordinary water-level of the river. This band consists of water-worn shells, of 
the same species with those now living in the river, in many places from twelve 
to eighteen inches thick ; the shells worn perfectly white, and having the 
appearance of a white belt drawn along either shore. I know of no way to 
account for this shell band along the rapids, except in the supposition that it 
marks what was once the loAv-water level of the Mississippi River. 

Some of the ridges on this high bottom are covered with sand, and destitute 
of soil ; but the greater portion is well adapted to the growth of corn, from the 
great amount of siliceous material contained in the soil. 

DRIFT OR BOWLDER FORMATION. 

This deposit covers all the high lands in the county, and varies in thick- 
ness from fifty to one hundred and eighty-five feet. It is mostly composed of 
clay and gravel, with occasional beds of sand, and is deposited without much 
regularit}^ of stratification, and contains many Avorn and rounded masses of 
granite, gneiss, porphyry, hornblende and other primary rocks, together with 
limestone, sandstone, bits of coal and slate, all of which have been transported 
from points more or less remote from their present locality. Fragments of 
galena and native copper have also been found in it ; but this should not be 
regarded as an indication of the existence of any workable bed of these minerals 
in the vicinity, as it only proves that a portion of the materials composing the 
drift has been transported from a region where these minerals abounded. 

The only materials of economical value to be obtained from the Drift 
deposits, are sand and clays. Sand of an excellent quality, suitable for 
molder's use and cement, may be obtained in the river-blufts in abundance, 
and occasionally beds of clay, sufiiciently pure for potters' use, may be pro- 
cured from this formation. The best wells of water are to be obtained by 
sinking to the subterranean streams that percolate through the sandy strata of 
this deposit. Usually, on the prairies, good water may be reached from twenty 
to forty feet below the surface. In the bluffs immediately above Fort Madison, 
this deposit attains its maximum thickness of 185 feet above the river level. 
The lower portion consists of a compact blue clay, containing a few pebbles. 
This passes into a marly, ash-colored clay, which is overlaid by irregular beds of 
sand, and these by beds of yellowish clay with bowlders. These bluffs occupy 



420 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

what seems to have been an ancient basin excavated in the limestone at a 
period antecedent to the Drift formation, and by causes which ceased to operate 
before the commencement of the Drift period. The limestones, which, on the 
east side of the river, form high bluffs extending to the river-bank, are 
entirely absent on the west, and their place is now occupied by the substitution 
of Drift material. The valley thus scooped out of the solid rocks extends 
from Montrose to the mouth of Skunk River, and is from six to eight miles in 
width. The eastern portion of this ancient basin, except the bluffs on the 
river above Fort Madison, is now covered by the alluvial deposits before men- 
tioned, while the western part is occupied by deposits of Drift material from 
one hundred to one hundred and eighty-five feet in thickness. That this val- 
ley was formed by ancient currents previous to the Drift period is proved by 
the tact that a considerable portion of it is now occupied by deposits of that 
age, and which must have been formed after those currents ceased to act. 

Fossils. — The only fossils obtained from the Drift formation of this region 
are a few shark's teeth and a fragment of siliceous wood, which probably belong 
to a period somewhat older than the Drift, and have been transported from some 
Tertiary oi- Cretaceous deposit over which the Drift has passed. 



COAL-MEASURES. 

The rocks belonging to this' formation, occurring in this county, consist 
usually of a quartzose sandstone at the base, on which rests a thin seam of coal 
with its underclay : the coal is almost invariably overlaid by black slate, and the 
whole covered with a bed of gray shale. The following section shows the order 
of superposition of these strata : 

Gray Shale, sometimes ferruginous. 

Black Slate. 

Coal. 

Under clay. 

Quartzose Sandstone. 

These beds always rest upon the concretionary limestone, which, in this 
region, forms the upper member of the Mountain limestone series. All deposits 
of the coal-bearing period, which occur in this county, are found in detached 
patches or outliers from the main coal-basin, and are of limited extent, seldom 
occupying more than two or three square miles of surface ; while the coal-seam 
is too thin to be profitably wrought, and the coal itself of an inferior quality. 
The most promising of these coal-deposits yet found in Lee County is on Sec- 
tion 16, in Pleasant Ridge Township, on the lands of Mr. Norris. The coal here is 
said by the workmen to be from twenty-four to thirty-four inches thick : but, at the 
time of my visit to the locality, it could not be examined satisfactorily, as the old 
diggings were full of water, and in the new they had not yet reached the coal. 
It is not probable,, however, that anything like a supply of coal can be obtained 
in this vicinity, except for the use of the neighborhood immediately around it. 
Coal has also been obtained a half-mile west of Tuscarora, in Marion Town- 
ship, and west and southwest of West Point, and within a mile and a half or 
two miles of the town; but neither the quantity nor quality of the coal justifies 
the working of the seam at these points. In the bluffs on the Nassau slough, 
two miles below Keokuk, an outlier of the same kind occurs ; but the coal is 
only a few inches in thickness, and valueless for economical purposes. The 
upper layer of the bluffs, for a mile below the town of Nashville, consists of 
the quartzose sandstone, which forms the base of the coal-measures, and is here 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 421 

from fifteen to twenty feet in thickness. No coal, however, is at present known 
to occur in this neighborhood. 

It is probable, this sandstone was once connected with the outliers of coal 
which exist on the opposite side of the river, in Hancock County, 111. It 
appears to withstand the action of frost very well, the rock in the bluff present- 
ing sharp angles, where it has long been exposed, and its massive character 
renders it well adapted to purposes of heavy masonry. 

CONCRETIONARY LIMESTONE. 

This member of the Mountain limestone series forms the surface rock, when 
the superficial material is removed, hence, in economical values, becomes one of 
the most important limestone deposits. It forms the upper portion of the bluffs, 
from Croton, on the Des Moines, to Montrose, on the Mississippi, and, in the 
southeastern part of the county, is an irregularly bedded, brecciated and con- 
cretionary limestone, of a steel or bluish gray color, passing upward into a reg- 
ularly-bedded, nearly white, compact limestone at the top. It is by far the 
purest limestone in the county, and hence forms the best resource for the burn- 
ing of quicklime. Its concretionary character in this paitt of the county renders 
it of little value as a building material ; but in its more northerly and western 
extensions, it becomes more regularly bedded in strata from two to twelve inches 
in thickness, and is extensively used in the interior and northwestern portions 
of the county for building purposes. In Franklin, Marion, West Point and 
Pleasant Ridge Townships, this rock may be obtained in great abundance, on 
North Sugar Creek and the small tributaries of Skunk River ; and in Charles- 
ton and Des Moines Townships, it is found on the South or Sugar Creek of the Des 
Moines. In the bluffs of the Des Moines, at the town of Croton, the bed exhibits 
both its most characteristic features : the lower portion, from fifteen to twenty 
feet in thickness, is concretionary and brecciated, with irregular seams of green, 
marly clay ; while above, it becomes a regularly bedded light-gray limestone, in 
strata from six to twenty inches in thickness, the upper layers having an oolitic 
structure. The material for the construction of the lock at this point was 
obtained from the upper part of this bed and the sandstone above it. The 
changes in the lithological characters of this bed, which form one of its most 
striking peculiarities, probably led Dr. Owen into the erroneous supposition that 
there were two distinct beds of concretionary limestone, which he has repre- 
sented in his general section, with a bed of sandstone between. 

Fossils. — The only fossil obtained from this bed in this county, and the one 
which may be regarded as most characteristic of it everywhere, is the coral 
known as Lithostrotion Canadense of Castelnau, or Litliostrotion basaltiforme 
of Owen, which weathers out from it almost everywhere, and is found in 
detached masses in the beds of streams where this rock is exposed. From 
Southern Iowa to Northern Alabama, this fossil forms a well-marked and reliable 
horizon for the determination of the position of geological strata, making its 
appearance wherever rocks of this age are to be found. These corals are always 
siliceous, and weather out from the limestones in so perfect a state of preserva- 
tion that those unacquainted with the subject can scarcely believe that they 
were ever imbedded in the solid limestone strata. 

WARSAW ARCHIMEDES LIMESTONE. 

This deposit is not very extensively developed in Iowa ; disappearing in a 
northerly and westerly direction shortly after leaving the mouth of the Des 
Moines River, either by wedging out, or by merging in the concretionary bed 



422 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

above. On the east side of the Mississippi, it is a well-marked member of the 
group, and retains its lithological character for at least one hundred miles, or 
to near the mouth of the Illinois River. In the bluffs of the Mississippi, just 
above the mouth of the Des Moines, this bed may be seen in place. The upper 
portion consists of a massive arenaceous limestone from ten to twelve feet in 
thickness, underlaid by blue marly clays with irregular bands of impure lime- 
stone ; and forming a durable material for heavy masonry, in some cases attain- 
ing a thickness of from two to three feet. 

Fossils. — The most characteristic fossils of this formation are the screw-shaped 
coral FenesteUa [Aj-chimedes) wortheni, Pentremites conoidens, Orthis duhia, 
Rhynchonella subcimeata, Oapulus acutirostris, together with many species of 
Crinoidea, Bryozoa, etc., yet undescribed. 

MAG-NESIAN LIMESTONE. 

Immediately below the beds last mentioned, we find a deposit of brownish- 
gray magnesian limestome, sometimes inclining to a yellowish color, usually 
deposited in massive strata from one to three feet in thickness. Although this 
bed seldom exceeds ten or twelve feet in thickness, it has afforded a large amount 
of material for heavy masonary. It has been used in the construction of the 
locks, at several points, on the Des Moines, and is admirably adapted to works 
of that kind, where strength and durability are mainly required. When first 
taken from the quarry, it is soft enough to be cut with facility, but hardens on 
exposure and becomes exceedingly durable. This rock may be quarried almost 
anywhere in the bluffs of the Des Moines below Croton, as well as along the 
Mississippi from Keokuk to Montrose. Above this point, it was not seen pre- 
senting its usual characters ; and at Judy's mill, on Sugar Creek, the most 
northerly point where it was observed, it was represented by about four or five 
feet of broAvn, shelly limestone. It is probable that it thins out entirely at some 
point not much north of Skunk River. 

Fossils. — The most conspicuous fossils belonging to this bed are a large 
Oonularia, a Lingula, and the palate-bones of fishes ; all of which are at the 
present time undescribed. 

^ GEODE BED. 

Below the magnesian limestone, we find a deposit of marly clays and argil- 
laceous limestones, filled with spherical masses of siliceous material termed 
geodes ; many of which are hollow, and, on being broken, present many mag- 
nificent crystals of quartz, calc spar, dolomite, zinc blende and iron pyrites, as 
well as mammillary and botryoid forms of chalcedony. This bed affords noth- 
ing of economical value, and contains no fossils, except where there is an inter- 
calation of thin bands of limestone. 

KEOKUK LIMESTONE. 

The beds of rock to which this name has been given consist of regularly- 
stratified bluish-gray limestones, in strata from four inches to two feet in thickness, 
with seams of chert and blue, marly clay between. This has been extensively 
quarried in the vicinity of Keokuk, and used for building purposes, to which it 
is well adapted. One stratum, near the base of the quarries, is a semi-crystal- 
line light-gray crinoidal limestone, usually quite free from chert ; being sus- 
ceptible of a fine polish, it is well adapted for cutting, and is generally used for 
caps and sills. A mill was erected, some two years since, at the lower end of 
the city, for the purpose of sawing this rock into the various forms required ; 
but the siliceous character of the imbedded fossils, even when the rock itself 



HISTORY OF l.I']E (H)UNTV. 425 

uppcars free from chort, renders it, imsiiit,al)lo for (;Ii;i,(; jiiirposo, and the under- 
takiniv waH soon abaiidonod. This IxmI of i-ocks forms tlio base of tlie blufla 
from the mouth of thi^ Des Moines to Montrose;, ami is also exposed on Lost 
Creek, one mile and a half soul heasr of Denmark, wiicre extensive; (juarries 
have been o})ene<l on the lands of Mr. McNeil. It is extensively used in the 
vicinity of Keokuk for making quicklime ; but as a material for that purpose, I 
regard it as inferior to the concretionary limestone; above it. 

Fossils. — This rock has sometimes been calbnl Lower Archimedes limestone, 
from the i'iwi thai it is tiie lowc^st bed at ))r(;sent known to contain fossil corals 
of that genus ; one spec^ies of which tlu; Fcnesiclla [ArclumcdeH) otvenana., is a 
ciuiracteristic fossil of this bed. Near the uppeu' part of tliis limestone, a tliin 
stratum is fre(|uently found containing the teeth and palate-bones of fishes in 
considerable abundance. Among the well-known species of fossils may be men- 
tioned A(jariro('.rhmn tuhcrosits, Acthwcrinus Mtssissippumsis, Platryerinus 
saffordii, l*al('('hintis 'tnidl/pord ■■, Produatus semireticulatus, P. cora., P. punc- 
tiftiis, jSp/'r/fcr striatiis l\ with mariy undescribed species of Orinoideae Brachi- 

opoda ami Hryozoa. 
' -^ OIIKRTY BEDS. 

Underlying the Keokuk limestones, wo find a bed, some forty feet in thick- 
ness, made up of alternations of chert with irregular seams of light-gray lime- 
stone, usually too thin to be of any economical value. The siliceous material 
which forms the greater portion of this bed is not sufficiently free from foreign 
ingredients to be of value for any of the uses to wliicii silex, in its purer forms, 
is usually appli'Ml. It is more or less colored with oxide of iron, and wliere it 
decomposes, forms a. reddish-brown, marly clay. This bed outcrops along the 
Mississippi Iviver-, near the water-level, from Keokuk to Montrose; also, on 
Jiost Creek, between Denmark and Wilson's mill ; and ca,ps the bluffs at South 
Augusta, overlying the Hurlington limestones. 

Fosdls. — The fossils of this bed generally agree, specifically, with those of 
the Koekuk limestone, except the Feiiestella [Archimedes) owenana, which I 
have not observed in it. 

BURLINGTON CRINOIDAL LIMESTONE. 

These beds, which form the base of the Mountain limestone series, and 
which rest directly on rocks of Devonian age, equivalent to the Chemung 
group of New York, consist of light-gray, semi-crystalline crinoidal limestone, 
the strata varying from four to eighteen inches in thickness, with intercalations 
of chert in seams and lenticular masses. This bed forms the greater portion of 
the river-bluffs, on the south side of Skunk River, from the north line of Green 
Jiay Township to a point about two miles above Aagusta, where it is overlaid by 
the cherty beds above mentioned. It also outcrops on Lost Creek, at Wilson's 
mill, on Section 12, in Washington Township, the most southerly point where 
it has been observed in this county. The (juarries in the vicinity of Augusta 
are capable of yielding an almost unlimited amount of building material of an 
excellent (piality. A more extended notice of this limestone, with its charac- 
teristic fossils, will be given in the report on Des Moines County, where it out- 
crops over a much larger surface. 

CIIEMUNC! (ilUTSTONES AND OOLITIC LIMKSTONK. 

These beds, which are referable to the Devonian system, outcrop at the 

base of the bluiVs, beneath the Burlington limestone, from the lower end of these 

lilulls, on the south side of Skunk River, to the neighborhood of Augusta, 

a 



426 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

where they dip below the river-level and disappear. As their outcrop is so- 
exceedingly limited in this county, and they yield no material of economical 
value, a more extended notice of them will be omitted for the present. 



ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY. 

BUILDING AND FLAGGING STONES. 

Nearly every part of this county is supplied with good building-rock, easily 
accessible, and costing, at the present time, no more than the labor of quarrying. 
The northeastern poi"tion of the county is supplied from the beds of crinoidal lime- 
stone, which outcrop in the bluff on the south side of Skunk River, as well as on 
Lost Creek, in the vicinity of Wilson's mill. This rock is usually a soft, granular 
limestone, in strata from six to fifteen inches thick, easily wrought, and well 
adapted for the ordinary purposes for which limestones are required. Some of 
the layers are semi-crystalline and susceptible of a good polish, and may be used 
as a marble. The Keokuk limestone also furnishes an abundant supply of 
good building-material, and is accessible along the bluffs of the Mississippi, 
from Montrose to Keokuk, and also one and a half miles southeast of Denmark, 
and at several points on Skunk and Des Moines Rivers. The interior portion 
of the county, however, is mostly supplied from the concretionary limestone 
which outcrops on both Sugar Creeks, affording an abundant supply for the 
middle and western portions of the county. This bed also affords an excel- 
lent flagging-stone, in the vicinity of Denmark, where the upper layers are 
somewhat arenaceous and from two to four inches in thickness. 

QuicMime. — Quicklime is made from all the limestones above named, 
though the concretionary is undoubtedly the best adapted to this purpose. At 
Keokuk, the city is mainly supplied with this material from the upper layers 
of the Keokuk limestones. Some layers of this bed, as well as a portion of 
the crinoidal limestone, afford a very good lime ; but they usually contain too 
much arenaceous or siliceous material, and require to be selected with consider- 
able care when used for the manufacture of lime. 

CLAY AND SAND. 

' An inexhaustible supply of these materials for the manufacture of brick 
may be obtained from the drift or bowlder formation in all parts of the county. 
The clays are accessible everywhere at a short distance below the surface ; and 
the sands, which are mostly in the middle and lower part of the deposit, may 
be obtained in the bluffs of the streams, and also in their beds. Fire-clay, 
suitable for the manufacture of fire-brick and pottery, may usually be obtained 
from the underclay of the lower coal-seam, outliers of which are found at sev- 
eral points in this county. 

Few counties in this State are more bountifully supplied with all the 
elements of material wealth than the county of Lee, having an abundant 
supply of building-stone, timber and water, and a soil of unsurpassed fertility. 
Although no valuable deposits of mineral wealth have been found within the 
limits of the county, nevei"theless her citizens possess a mine of wealth in the 
rich soil everywhere overspreading the surface, of far more importance and 
greater value than . the richest mineral deposits, accompanied, as such deposits 
usually are, with a barren and unproductive soil. To those who are desirous 
of ascertaining Avhether coal may be found in any particular locality, I 
would suggest that, by simply boring down to the limestone, the question will 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 427 

be definitely settled, as no workable coal-seam has ever been found below the 
concretionary limestone. From the character of the outliers of coal in this 
county which have fallen under my observation, it is not probable that they 
will prove to be of any great economical value. 



ANCIENT MOUNDS. 

RELICS AND CURIOSITIES OF PAST AGES. 

This volume would be incomplete without some reference to the numerous 
mounds of ancient origin that are to be found in various parts of the county. 
These. mounds are generally conceded to be the work of a semi-civilized people 
' that existed prior to the North American Indians. Arch^ologists have deter- 
mined that the mounds of America may be properly classed under three 
general heads, viz. : " Mounds of Observation, Mounds of Sacrifice, and Mounds 
of Burial. The first were doubtless used as posts of communication between 
distant bands. They are always found on elevated lands, from which wide 
areas of territory may be seen, if modern timber or edifices do not intervene. 
From one to another a signal-fire or flag might have conveyed intelligence of 
invasion, of joy or of distress. 

Justus M. T. Myers, who was raised from boyhood to man's estate in Lee 
Countv, where he is still a resident, and who is a naturalist of more than 
ordinary acquirements, and has given much thought to the mounds and their 
origin, submits the following statements : 

" As far as I know, there are some fifteen or twenty mounds on my father's 
farm, in Green Bay Township, and several others on adjoining farms, all of 
which are of oval formation, from two to seven feet in height, and from twelve 
to thirty feet in diameter. I have drifted into some of these mounds, and found 
pieces of flint, pottery, and bones, both human and animal. Some of these 
bones were burnt or charred, as if the occupants of the country at that period 
of time cremated their dead, or sacrificed them as burnt-ofterings. In one of 
the mounds into which I drifted, I found thirty-two human skeletons, that had 
evidently been left there at the time of sepulture in a sitting position, but had 
fallen over with the lapse of time, until their heads were drooping down 
between their legs when I uncovered them. The skeletons were incased in 
• limestone vaults that had been made by setting broad stones on their edges, and 
covered over with broad, flat stones. Some of these stones would weigh as 
much as two hundred and fifty or two hundred and seventy-five pounds. As 
there are no limestone beds nearer than one and a half miles of this mound, 
the question arises. How were they transported there ? and by what race of 
people were the mounds built ? Not by the Indians of the present or past, but 
by a race of people that inhabited the American continent before the Indians. 
The children of Israel ? Scripture tells us of that people traveling toward the 
rising sun. They could have crossed Behring's Straits, or, perhaps, what is 
not impossible, Asia and North America were joined together by a small belt 
of land, of which the Aleutian Isles are the remains. They, and not the Indians, 
built these mounds, and may not our Indians be descended from the Mound- 
Builders ? If they were the creation of the Indians, some one or the other of 
the numerous tribes would be able to tell about them, as in all likelihood the 
story of their building would have been handed down from father to son. Ask 
the Indians, and they know nothing about their origin. * * * * 



428 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

No doubt the mounds found in Europe correspond with the mounds found in 
Lee County. 

"There are also several of these mounds in the near vicinity of Wever and 
Jollyville. One of them is to be seen in the door-yard of Mr. John Junge, on 
the old Burlington road, near Jollyville. Two others were leveled down when 
he was planting his orchard. Another one, in the meadow of Mr. E. A. 
Layton, has attracted a good deal of attention and speculation. This mound 
is from seven to nine feet in height, probably thirty-two feet in diameter, and 
fifty feet in length. There are also mounds in other parts of the county, but 
I am not so familiar with their immediate location, size or surroundings. 

" There are evidences of the country having been occupied centuries ago, as the 
remains of an ancient building have been found on the farm of Samuel Hyter, 
in Green Bay Township. The shape of the building was that of a cross, and 
is probably the remains of some Jesuit mission building, where the early 
French Missionaries sought to enlighten the Indian mind. * * * 

" A few years ago, my brother and myself found a medal at the site of this 
old stone wall, that is quite different from any in use by any of the religious 
societies of the present time. A representation of the cross, the crucified 
Saviour, the Virgin Mary — whose heart is being pierced with seven daggers — 
four angels, a ladder and a palace, supposed to be intended to represent 
heaven. On the reverse side there is a monogram, and the words and figures, 
' To all the faithful who recite an Ave Maria before this holy image, an indul- 
gence of 1080 days is granted.' " 

This medal is oval in shape, and between the size of a silver half-dollar 
and dollar of American coinage. It is in the possession of Mr. Myers, subject 
to the examination of the curious and speculative. 

In preparing this sketch of the mounds of Lee County, Mr. Myers offered 
some elaborate ideas as to the Mound-Builders, the origin of the mounds, etc., 
but as such papers belong more to scientific than historic works, they are 
omitted from these pages. The numerous relics in his possession, such as stone 
axes, arrowheads, etc., nearly all of which were gathered from the mounds 
into which he drifted, or their near vicinity, are objects of curiosity as the 
works of the primitive man of the stone age. 

COLLECTIONS. 

Mr. Myers has accumulated a rare and valuable collection of fossils and 
minerals. His cabinet embraces 2,500 different varieties, from the finest 
crinoides to commonest pebbles. Nearly all those specimens are from Lee 
County. 

•^ RELICS AND CURIOSITIES. 

Among Mr. Myers' collection of relics and curiosities, are the following: 
The sword of the Mormon Prophet, Jo Smith, taken from him at the time of 
his arrest and sudden taking-off in June, 1844 ; the hand of Gabriel grasping 
the trumpet, carved in stone, from the Nauvoo temple, and specimens from the 
Salt Lake temple, which is built from black and white granite; petrified sage, 
from the Salt Lake region, presented to Mrs. Dr. Roberts by Brigham Young, 
when, with others, she visited that famous inter-American city, in 1871, and 
contributed to Myers' collection by that estimable lady on her return ; Black 
Hawk's pipe of peace, made of red stone taken from the wonderful pipestone 
quarry in Pipe Stone County, in Southwestern Minnesota; a Sioux pipe, elabo- 
rately carved out, of stone of the same color, taken from the Iowa quarry, 
near Fort Dodge; the pipe of Little Crow, the leader of the Minnesota mas- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 429 

sacre at Mankato, in that State, during the years of the late rebellion, for 
which a number of them were executed. Little Crow, however, managed to 
evade arrest and kept himself secreted in the "Big Woods" and among the 
chain of small lakes that abound in Minnesota. A large reward was offered 
for his body, dead or alive. In hopes of securing that reward. Little Crow's 
half-brother started on his trail, which he followed like a sleuth-hound. At last 
he came in sight of the red murderer just as he was in the act of lighting his 
pipe, and deliberately and coolly shot him through the head. His pipe was 
filled and had just been touched with a spark of fire from the steel and flint. 
Subsequently, the slayer of his brother found his way on board a Mississippi 
Kiver steamboat, the pilot of which was a friend of Myers', to whom he told 
the story of the pipe. The pilot mesmerized the Indian and got possession of 
the pipe and added it to Myers' collection, where it remains, just as it was 
taken from the murdering Little Crow. 

Besides the curiosities above named, there are hundreds of others, each one 
of which has a history. 

Not the least curious are the mound relics, consisting of polished and 
unpolished stone axes, flints, arrowheads, pieces of pottery, pieces of human 
and animal bones, etc., which were taken from the mounds on the farms of 
J. F. Myers, J. Junge, and others, in Green Bay Township. 

ENTOMOLOGY. 

This part of nature's work has always been a favorite study with Mr. Myers, 
and there is scarcely a bug, butterfly or moth, native or foreign, of which he 
has not learned the nature and habits, thus contributing largely to the benefit 
of mankind. To quote his own words : 

" Thrice often have I been convinced that no object was created without 
being designed for some important use, and many times in my wanderings have I 
exclaimed, ,.<c . t i, i, i^ 

' " ' Sorrowing 1 Deneld, 

The night come on, but soon did night display 
More wonders than it veiled ; innumerous tribes 
From wood and cover swarmed, and darkness made 
Their beauties visible. Awhile they streamed 
A bright blue radiance upon flowers that closed 
Their gorgeous colors from the eye of day 
Then motionless and dark. Clouded search 
Self-shrouded ; and anon, starring the sky. 
Rose like a shower of fire 
The beautiful fire-fly.' 

" Why do we not more generally teach natural history in our common 
schools ? What a grand knowledge to understand nature ? " 

Of the Ooleoptera, or Beetle, Mr. M. has collected over three thousand dif- 
ferent species; of these, 2,500 are common to Iowa, or more directly speaking, 
to Lee County. 

Of Lepidoptera, or Butterflies, he has 250 different varieties, 200 of which are 
common to Iowa. The other fifty are from foreign correspondence and exchange. 
Of moths, 300 varieties, of which, 250 are common to Iowa, and 50 to other 
parts of the world. 

To enumerate these different varieties, or give the technical names and 
classification, would be a too comprehensive undertaking. Such undertaking 
belongs to naturalists and not to local historians. 

The foreign addition to Mr. Myers' entomological collection are from Bra- 
zil, South America, the East and West Indies, Europe and other parts of the 



430 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

globe. He has a system of correspondence and exchange with naturalists in 
difterent parts of the country, by which he is almost constantly adding rare 
varieties to his already large collection. Among his correspondents are the fol- 
lowing well-known characters : 

G-eohgy, Prof. James Hall, Albany, N. Y., and Prof. Wetherby, Cincin-. 
nati, Ohio. 

Archceological Relics, A.. F. Berlin, Reading, Penn. 

Entomology, Dr. D. M. Castle, Philadelphia, Penn. ; Dr. G. W. Dietz, 
Hazleton, Penn. ; Frank Zesch, Buffalo, N. Y.; 0. Reinecke. 500 Main street, 
N. Y.; E. P. Austin, 46 E. Newton street, Boston, Mass.; S. Auxer, Lancas- 
ter, Penn. ; Fred. Bowditch, Brookline, Mass. ; G. W. Dunn, San Francisco, 
Cal. ; George W. Belfrage, Clifton, Bosque Co., Texas 

Paleontology. — Many of the fossils in this cabinet of collections were obtained 
throuirh Prof Agassiz, in his life-time, that distiuo-uished and world-known 
naturalist having once paid Mr. Myers a visit. 

In his early boyhood, Mr. Myers had a penchant for gathering pebbles and 
stones of peculiar formation. His father. Dr. JNIyers, kept a drug store on 
Front street, in Madison, and Justus was always filling his pockets with stones 
that pleased his fancy, from the bank of the Mississippi, which he would store 
away in some nook or corner of the house. Every once in a while, his mother 
would throw his collection into the street. One day, when Prof. Owen, the 
eminent geologist, was making a tour of this part of Iowa, he called at Myers' 
drug store to lay in some needed supplies. While he was in the store, "'Just " 
came in, and, as usual, his pockets were filled with pebbles, etc. His father 
reprimanded him, and bade him go and throw them into the street. " No," 
said Owen, placing his hand upon the lad's head ; "let him alone. The lad is 
all right, and the germ of a naturalist that will make his mark, yet." To 
encourage the boy, he gave him a small cube of galena mineral, which Myers 
still possesses. This was the first encouragement he ever received. He grew 
to manhood at Fort Madison, and received only a common school education, but, 
as Prof. Owen predicted, has made his mark, and become noted among the 
learned and educated geologists, entomologists, paleontologists and botanists of 
America and foreign countries. His cabinet of collections, made up a little at 
a time, is worth several thousand dollars, and will prove more valuable to his 
family than a life insurance policy. 



POLITICAL ECONOMY. 

STARTING THE COUNTY MACHINERY. 

Act number sixteen of the first session of the AVisconsin Territorial Legisla- 
ture, approved December 6, 1836, was entitled an act to amend the several acts 
hereinafter mentioned, to wit: '-An act relative to the duties and privileges of 
townships, approved 17th April, 1833 ; also, an act entitled an act to provide 
for the assessment and collection of township and county taxes, approved 22d 
April, 1833 ; also, an act entitled an act to provide for defraying of the public 
and necessary expenses in the respective counties in this Territory, and for 
other purposes, approved March 6, 1833; also, an act to regulate highways, 
approved xVpril 17, 1833."* 

Section one of the amended act provided '' that each county within this 
Territory now organized, or that may hereafter be organized, be, and the same 

*The laws here quoted were enacted by the Legislative Council of the Territory of Michigan. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 431 

is hereby, declared one township for all the purposes of carrying into effect the 
above-recited acts, and that there shall be elected at the annual town meeting 
in each county three Supervisors, who shall perform, in addition to the duties 
heretofore assigned them as a County Board, the duties heretofore performed 
by the Township Board." 

Section two provided for the election of one ToAvnship Clerk in each county 
who should perform the duties of Clerk to the Board of Supervisors. 

Section three related to public highways. 

In accordance with the provisions of the several acts here quoted, and to 
carry out their intents and purposes, Joshua Owens was appointed to be Sheriff 
of Lee County. 

At the first term of the District Court, March 27, 1837, Judge Irvin pre- 
siding, it was " ordered that John H. Lines be, and is hereby, appointed to be 
Clerk of the Court," and was required to give bond in the sum of $2,000. Mr. 
Lines being present, immediately tendered a bond (with Joseph S. and James 
Douglass as bondsmen), which was approved by the Court and ordered to be 
filed. Mr. Lines was then sworn, and entered upon the duties of the office. 

FIRST ELECTION. 

The first election for county or town officers in Lee County, was held at 
Fort Madison on Monday, the 3d day of April, 1837. A careful examination 
of the acts passed by the first Legislative Council of Wisconsin Territory failed 
to find any election law, and hence we are left to the conclusion that this elec- 
tion was conducted under the provisions of laws passed and in force while the 
country was under the jurisdiction of Michigan Territory. The officers chosen 
at this election were : 

Supervisors — William Skinner, William Anderson and James D. Shaw. 
[The Supervisors were vested with the same powers as the Board of County 
Commissioners created by act number seven of the second session of the Terri- 
torial Legislature, and approved December 20, 1837.] 

Assessors — Calvin J. Price, William Newcomb and Stephen Grraves. 

Road Commissioners — E. D. Ayres, Samuel Hearn and Stephen Perkins. 

Register — John H. Lines. 

Toivnship Clerk — John H. Lines. 

Directors of the Poor — E. D. Ayres and J. S. Douglass. 

Coroner — Lewis Pitman. 

Treasurer — George W. Howe. 

Collector — C. M. Jennings. 

Constables — C. M. Jennings, Robert Harris, John Burnett, W. N. Shaw, 
and Franklin Kenneda. 

FIRST MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. 

The first meeting of the Board of Supervisors was held at the house of J. 
S. Douglass, in Fort Madison, on Monday, the 17th day of April, 1837. The 
following is a full transcript of their proceedings : 

Joseph S. Douglass having produced the receipt of G. W. Howe, Treasurer 
of said county, by which it appears that he has paid into the treasury five dol- 
lars, 

Ordered, That said J. S. Douglass be permitted to keep a public house in the town of Fort 
Madison for the term of one year from the 17th of this month, and that he has also permission to 
retail spirituous liquors and wines by small measure during said time. 



432 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Ordered, By the Board of Supervisors, that each ami every person who shall apply to said 
Board of Supervisors for license to keep a gToeery, with the permission to retail spirituous 
liquors and wiues by small measure, shall pay twenty-tive dollars per annum into the county 
treasury, and get a receipt for the same, and present to said Board of Supervisors. 

Ordered. That this Board adjourn until the tirst Monday in May next. 

[Signed] " JOHN H. LINES, Clerk. 

iVt the May meeting, Samuel B. and \Yiniani H. H. Kyle, John S. Neeley 
and Jesse Dickey, Lorenzo Bullard tind Robert F. Harris were licensed to keep 
grocery " in the town of Fort Madison, and have permission to retail spirituous 
liquors and wines by small measure, for one year,'' etc. 

" It appearing to the Board of Supervisors that the Assessors of the County 
of Lee have not made any assessment of property in said county, it was 
ordered that they have until the 1st of July to make the same." 

Calvin J. Price was licensed to '' keep store and retail goods, wares and 
merchandise at West Point, in said county, one year from May 1, 1837." 
License was also granted to James D. Shaw to ''keep store and retail goods, 
wares and merchandise at AVest Point, in said county of Lee, for one year 
from the 1st of May, 1837." 

At a special meeting of the Board, held at the house of C. L. Cope, in the 
town of Fort Madison, on the 10th day of July, 1837, Hawkins Taylor, having 
paid f 8 into the county treasury, it was ordered that said Hawkins Taylor 
have license to keep store in West Point, with the permission to retail goods, 
wares and merchandise at West Point, in Lee County, for the terra of one year 
from the 10th day of July, 1837, 

L. G. Bell was licensed to keep a store in the town of Salem, for one year 
from the 10th of July. John L. Cotton was also licensed to '• keep a store at 
West Point." 

Ordered, By the Board of Supervisors, that Joshua Owens be allowed the sum of ten dollars 
for summoning a Jeireri/ for the District Court of Lee County, in April last ; also, the sum of 
four dollars for two days' attendance on said court ; also, for serving notices on Assessors, two 
dollars — in all. sixteen dollars. 

Stephen H. Graves and William Newcomb, iVssessors, having completed the 
assessment of taxes, 

Ordered. That notices be set up in ditferent places, as the law directs, that if any person or 
persons shall be aggrieved by the incorrectness of their list of taxes, they should have an oppor- 
tunity of correcting the same. 

William Newcomb was allowed $30 as full compensation for his services as 
Assessor for the year 1837. Stephen H. Graves was allowed |20 for his 
services as xVssessor.for the year 1837. Then follows this entry : 

It appearing to this Board of Supervisors that the assessment list that is returned to said 
Board is not fit for the Collector to use in collecting the taxes. 

Ordered, By the Board of Supervisors that the Township Clerk make out a fair copy, in 
alphabetical order, of all persons in the original list, with the amount of property opposite their 
names respectively, who are assessed and liable to pay a tax, and the same to be handed over to 
the Assessor. 

The Board then adjourned, and their next meeting was held on the 2d of 
October. 

ROADS AND HIGHWAYS. 

The Road Commissioneis met for the first time on the -d of September, 
1837. Present, E. B. Ayres, Stephen Perkins and Samuel Hearn. This 
Board had charge of all the public highways in the county, the appointment of 
Road Supervisors, etc. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 43S 

District No. 1. " The Commissioners appoint George M. Ball, Overseer 
of the road leading from the town of Fort Madison to the northern boundary- 
line of Lee County, on the direction of Moifatt's mill, on Skunk River, and 
to work or open said road. The Overseer will call out all the hands in Madi- 
son east of the cross street which passes by the late residence of Nathaniel 
Knapp, his district to terminate at E. D. Ayres' house." This was the style 
and wording of their orders. 

District No. 2 commenced at the house of E. D. Ayres, and extended to the 
northern line of the county. Isaac Briggs was appointed to be Supervisor. 
The names of the settlers liable to do road work are given — fifteen in all. 

District No. 3 commenced at the grading on the Mississippi River, and fol- 
lowed the "West Point survey from Fort Madison to the top of the bluff. The 
bounds of the hands as follows : The street running north, including the 
widow Knapp's (Nathaniel Knapp), to include all the hands in the town west 
to the lower part of the plat." Joseph Morrison was appointed to be Super- 
visor. 

District No. 4 commenced " at the top of the Mississippi Bluff, on the West 
Point Survey, and extended out to the first large branch, on the west of George 
Herring's house." 

District No. 5 commenced at the branch above named and terminated at 
the public square in West Point. The bounds of the district included all the 
hands on the east of the public square from Sugar Creek south, and north to 
Herring's boundary, to the county line." Lewis Pittman was appointed to be 
Supervisor, or Overseer. 

District No. 6 extended from the center of the public square, at West Point, 
to the crossing of Sugar Creek on the road leading to Tuscarora, terminating 
at said ford. This district included all the hands west of the public square, at 
West Point, and north of Devil Creek, and including all the hands to the county 
line on the north. Solomon Fein, Supervisor. 

District No. 7. '' John B. Perkins is appointed by us to superintend the 
road, from the crossing of Devil Creek, leading to Bentonsport, and terminat- 
ing at the county line of Lee. The boundary of hands : From Walker's mill, 
on the south side of Devil Creek, and north side to Fein's boundary to said 
county line." 

District No. 8. Theophilus Bullard was appointed to superintend the road 
from Devil Creek to the town-plat of Fort Madison. " His boundaries are as 
follows : George Wilson and all the hands to the town-plat of Fort Madison, 
under the bluffs, it being a part of the road running from Hearn's Ferry to 
Madison." 

District No. 9. " Johnson Meek is appointed by us to superintend the 
road running from Hearn's Ferry to the ford of Devil Creek, including from 
the mouth of Devil Creek to William Skinner's ; from thence to James Fike's, 
and west to the county line, south of said bounds in said county of Lee." 

Each of these "orders" bore the signatures of each member of the Board. 
Other roads were declared to be "public highways," and their places of begin- 
ning, ending, bearings, etc., entered of record. 

The Board of Supervisors were in session on the 2d, 3d and 4th days of 
October. The most of the time occupied in this session was taken up in the 
examination and allowance of accounts. 

Among other allowances was the following : 

Ordered, By the Board of Supervisors, that H. D. Davis be allowed $4 per month for a cer- 
tain house used as a county jail, until the 1st day of April, 1838. 



434 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

This was a little log house on Elm street, near the upper square. Davis 
was a shoemaker, and used the Jail as a shop as well as renting it to the county 
for a Jail. 

Commissioners of Highways were allowed $1 per day for their services in 
"overseeing" road-work, '" warning-out hands," etc. 

The Board of Supervisors met on the 2d of October, and remained in 
■session until the evening of the 4th. 

Horatio McCardle, on producing the Treasurer's receipt for |5, was 
granted license to keep tavern in West Point for one year, with permission to 
sell spirituous liquors and wines by small measure during that time, and no 
longer. 

A store was not a store, a grocery was not a grocery, and a tavern was not 
3, tavern, in those days, without a stock of whisky, wine, etc. 

October 4, " G. W. Howe, Treasurer of the county of Lee, came forward 
and settled up as Treasurer, and then resigned his commission." 

Under the same date, the following entry appears of record : 
" 1153,474. It appearing by the return made to this Board of Supervisors by 
the assessment-list, that there is one hundred and fifty-three thousand four hun- 
dred and seventy-four dollars of taxable property, ordered that the per centum 
to be levied shall be one-half of one per centum." 

This levy produced a revenue of $767.37, which the Board supposed would 
meet the expenses of the county for that year. 

The last session of the Board of Supervisors was held at the house of C. L. 
■Cope, in the town of Fort Madison, on the 7th day of February, 1838. 

LAST ORDERS. 

It appearing to this Board of Supervisors, by the tax-list presented by C. 
M. Jennings, Collector of Lee County, that there still remains a portion of the 
taxes for the county of Lee unpaid, 

Ordered, That C. M. Jennings have until the 7th day of March, 1838, to make the balance 
■of the return of said taxes. 

Ordered, By the Board of Supervisors, that Foude & Green be allovs^ed the sum of four 
•dollars for making hand-irons and hobbles. 

Ordered, By the Board of Supervisors, that William Anderson be allowed for three days' 
services as Supervisor, at one dollar per day. 

Ordered, By the Board of Supervisors, that William Skinner be allowed the sum of two 
dollars for two days' services as Supervisor. 

Ordered, By the Board of Supervisors, that .John H. Lines be allowed the sum of two dol- 
lars per day for two days' services as Clerk to the Board of Supervisors. 

COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. 

The seventh act of the second session of the Territorial Legislature of 
Wisconsin, approved December 20, 1837, was entitled, "An act organizing a 
Board of County Commissioners in this Territory." 

Section 1 of this act provided that there should be organized in each 
county in the Territory, a Board of County Commissioners for transacting 
county business, to consist of three qualified electors, any two of whom should 
be competent to do business, to be elected by the qualified electors of the sev- 
eral counties respectively, and that the first election should take place on the 
first Monday in March following, and thereafter the election should be at the 
time and places of the general election in each county. 

Section 2. of the act, provided that the person having the highest number 
of votes should serve three years, the person having the next highest should 
serve two, and the next one year, and thereafter annually should be elected 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 485 

one Commissioner who should serve three years. In case of a tie vote, the 
grade to be determined by lot by the Clerk in: the presence of and under 
the direction of the Sheriff. 

Section 4 declared the County Commissioners a body corporate, under the 
name and style of "the Board of Commissioners of the county of (Lee)." 
The Board was requested to meet four times a year'and set six days at each 
session, if the business of the county required it. The act provided that the 
Board of Commissioners should transact all and singular, the business now per- 
formed by the Board of County Supervisors. Their compensation was fixed 
at $3 per day, for each day actually employed in transacting the county busi- 
ness. 

This system of county management originated with Virginia, whose early 
settlers soon became large landed proprietors, aristocratic in feeling, living 
apart in almost baronial magnificence on their own estates, and owning the 
laboring part of the population. Thus the materials for a town were not at 
hand, the voters being thinly distributed over a great area. The county 
organization, where a few influential men managed the whole business of the 
community, retaining their places almost at their pleasure, scarcely responsible 
at all, except in name, and permitted to conduct the county concerns as their 
ideas or wishes might direct, was, moreover, consonant with their recollections 
or traditions of the judicial and social dignities of the landed aristocracy of 
England, in descent from whom the Virginia gentlemen felt so much pride. 
In 1634, eight counties were organized in Virginia, and the system extended 
throughout the State, spread into all the Southern States and some of the 
Northern States, unless we except the nearly similar division into "districts" 
in South Carolina, and into "parishes" in Louisiana, from the French laws. 

SECOND ELECTION. 

Under the provisions of the act above quoted, an election was held in Lee 
County, on Monday, the 5th day of March, 1838. William Anderson, 
Stephen H. Graves and S. H. Burtis were elected as a Board of County 
Commissioners. Peter Miller was elected to the office of County Treasurer; 
Henry D. Davis was elected to serve as Coroner, and Joshua Owens was 
elected to the office of Assessor. Joseph Morrison, John P. Barnet, Samuel 
Burtis, A. C. Brown, C. M. Jennings, L. B. Parker, William Points, Thomas 
Small, H. E. Vrooman, John Patterson, P. N. Miller, M. C. Martin and 
Abraham Hinkle were elected to serve as Constables. 

The first meeting of the Board of County Commissioners of Lee County 
was held at the Court House in Fort Madison, on the 26th day of March, 
1838. 

John H. Lines was appointed Clerk of the Board. 

Ordered, That William Patterson be permitted to keep a tavern in the town of West Point, 
for the term of one year, with the permission to vend spirituous liquors and wines by the small 
measure during said time, and no longer. 

Ordered, That .John H. Lines be allowed the sum of thirty-five dollars twelve and one-half 
cents for the following books purchased for the use of the county, viz : One deed-book, ^T.STJ ; 
one judgment-book, f 7. 87J; one mortgage-book, |6; one minute-book, $3. 87J; one execution- 
book, $3. 12J; one calender, $2; one marriage license book, $1.87^; one fee -book, 1 1.50; one 
€stiay-book, |1.— 135.12|. 

This is the first account for books and stationery found on record. 
Peter Miller presented his bond as County Treasurer, in the penal sum of 
^3,000. Isaac Johnson and L. B. Parker were his sureties. 



436 . HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Grocery licenses were fixed at $25 per year. The form of tlie license was 
ordered to issue in the words following, to wit : 

Territory of Wisconsin, Lee County — To John Doc : 

By order of the Board of County Commissioners, you are hereby licensed to keep a grocery, 
■with the permission to vend spirituous liquors and wines by small measure, for the term of one 
year from the date hereof, and no longer (Sabbath Daps excepted), provided you will not admit of 
any rioting, playing at cards, dice, or any unlawful game, or games, of any kind in the room 
which you may occupy as a grocery, or any of the rooms contiguous thereto, during said time. 
Dated Fort Madison, etc. 

Collections from grocery store and tavern license and taxes assessed 
against personal property were the only source of revenue until lands became 
taxable in 1839. 

Road districts and election precincts or voting-places next claimed the atten- 
tion of the Board. The county was divided into six precincts. The voting- 
place in Precinct No. 1 was at Samuel Hearn's, and Samuel Hearn, John 
Billips and Johnson Meek were appointed to be Judges of all general elections. 

The house of M. C. Martin, in the town of Keokuk, was named as the voting- 
place in Precinct No. 2 — John Gaines, Esq., Valencourt Vanausdol and John 
Wright to be Judges of all general elections. 

The Montrose neighborhood constituted the Third Precinct, with the house 
of William Holmes as the voting-place. T. H. Gregg, Robert Roberts and 
William Coleman were appointed to be Judges. 

Fort Madison was declared to be the Fourth Precinct, and the house of C. 
L. Cope the voting-place. John A. Drake, William Wilson and Isaac Johnson 
were named as Judges. 

West Point was made the Fifth Precinct, with the house of Willian Patter- 
son as the voting-place. William Patterson, C. J. Price and Horatio McCar- 
dell, Judges. 

What was known as the Howard Settlement, in what is now Cedar Town- 
ship, was declared to be the Sixth Precinct, and the house of Joseph Howard 
the voting-place. William Howard, Joseph Howard and Harrison Foster, 
Jude;es. 

VIOLATIONS OF THE LICENSE LAW. 

At this session, " it appeared to the satisfaction of the Board that there were 
persons within this county who were unlawfully vending and retailing goods, 
wares, merchandise, vinous and spirituous liquors and other articles of traffic, 
without having a license for the same, it was ordered that Phillip Viele be, and 
he is hereby, appointed attorney to prosecute all offenders against such laws as 
are within the jurisdiction of this Board; and the said Yiele to proceed against 
such person or persons as the said Board may direct, and to remain as such 
attorney so long as they, the said Board, may require his services, or as long as 
he may well and faithfully discharge the duties which may be necessary to be 
attended to." 

The passage of forty years, the ingenuity of gifted law-makers and the elo- 
quence of preachers and moralists, have failed to eradicate the evil against 
which, at that early date, war was declared in Lee County. State and national 
Legislatures have planned and prosecuted without avail. The evil that called 
for the above order still exists, and continues to baffle the wisest heads. 

At the July meeting of the Board. " the appointment of Phillip Viele as 
Attorney on the part of the County of Lee was revoked on account of his negli- 
gence to the business intrusted to him." So reads the order. Alfred Rich 
was appointed to the vacancy, and instructed to prosecute every violation of the 
regulations. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 487 

At this time there were no public buildings in Lee County, and the Board 
directed that suitable rooms for the District Court be secured from C. L. Cope, 
at $3 per day. John H, Lines was directed to furnish books and stationery 
necessary for the District Court, Register of Deeds, Board of County Commis- 
sioners, etc. 

The tax levy this year was one-third of one per cent. 

COUNTY JAIL. 

The first measures for the erection of a County Jail were inaugurated by 
this Board of County Commissioners. The following order appears on page 
36 of the old record of county proceedings : 

Ordered, That there shall be built in the town of Fort xMadison, on the north side of the 
upper public square, a County Jail, of the following dimensions, to wit: twenty feet square, 
with a double wall of hewn oak timber one foot square, sound and clear of rot or decay ; fifteen 
feet high and two stories in height, the lower story to be built with a double wall, seven feet 
between the upper and lower floors, which are to be laid of hewed oak timber, one foot thick, 
with square joints. To be let out on the third day of the next term to the lowest bidder, etc. 
Notice of the letting of the contract was directed to be " published in the Fort Madison Patriot, 
for six weeks," 

The Board was in session on the 4th of April, and the 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th and 
30th days of July, but no mention of the letting of the Jail contract appears of 
record. From the following order, however, which is found under date of the 
13th day of October following, it would seem that the contract was let and the 
Jail completed. 

Ordered, By the Board that the jail be received of the undertaker (contractor), Isaac Miller, 
and that the Clerk grant him an order on the Treasurer for |486.58, in full, for the same. 

This Jail was destroyed by fire within eighteen months after it was com- 
pleted. 

The last session of the Board of Commissioners under the jurisdiction of 
Wisconsin Territory, commenced on the 2d day of July. Under the act creat- 
ing Iowa Territory, the authority of Wisconsin ceased on the 3d day of July, 
1838. The last orders of the Board subject to the jurisdiction of Wisconsin 
Territory were under date of July 3, and were in these words : 

Ordered, By the Board that the amount of Edwin Guthrie's account for services as Coroner 
and for sundry fees in the cause of the U. S vs. .1. R. Osborn and others, as per bill filed, be 
admitted, and that the Clerk grant an order on the County Treasurer for the amount of $7.50. 

Whereupon, ordered that this Board adjourn until to-morrow morning, 10 o'clock. 
Signed: WILLIAM ANDERSON, 



STEPHEN H. GRAVES, 
STEPHEN H, BURTIS. 



IOWA TERRITORY. 



The change of Territorial jurisdiction did not interfere with the county 
officers then in place. Everything went along as smoothly as if there had been no 
change. The first act of the Commissioners, subject to the new Territory, was 
the selection of a grand and petit jury, for the August term of the District 
Court. The following-named citizens were selected as grand jurors : 

Arthur Johnson, Jairus Fordyce, Jason Wilson, James Elwell, Isaac Briggs, 
Calvin Nelson. William Patterson, Isaac Beeler, James McMurray, Harrison 
Foster, Mathew Kilgore, William Howard, William Holmes, Michael H. Walker, 
Solomon Fein, Hugh Withrough, Robert Roberts, Thomas W. Taylor, Thomas 
J. McGuire, Pleasant M. Armstrong, Joseph Webster, Nathan Smith and Isaac 
Van Dyke— 23. 



438 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Petit Jury. — John Bonebright, Jeremiah Brown, Archibald Gilliland, Will- 
iam Allen, Valencourt Vanausdol, James Wright, Patrick Brien, Stewart M. 
Coleman, Johnson Chapman, Joshua Wright, George W. Claypole, Thomas Fitz- 
patrick, Edward Kilbourn, David Kilbourn, Forest W. Herd, George W. Per- 
kins, James Fyke, Eli Millard, E. D. Ajres, William G. Haywood, William D. 
Knapp, William Saucer, Thomas Fulton and John G. Toncray. 

Most of the remainder of the time occupied by the July meeting was taken 
up in considering road matters, granting licenses, etc. Aaron White was licensed 
to maintain and operate a "ferry across the Mississippi River, at or between 
the branch or stream at the upper end of the town of Fort Madison and the public 
landing opposite the store [then] occupied by William Richards [about twenty- 
five yards above the present coal-yards operated by Peter Miller, Jr.], as a sad- 
dler's shop." White was required to give bond in the sum of |1,000. Joshua 
Owens and William Anderson became his bondsmen. The rates of ferriage 
were as follows : 

For each footman f 12il 

For each man and hor?e 37A 

For each wagon and two horses 1 00 

For each additional horse 25 

For loose cattle, each 12J 

For hogs, sheep, etc., each 6^ 

For each wagon and one yoke of oxen 1 00 

For each additional yoke 25 

The last meeting of the Board of County Commissioners elected under 
the authority of Wisconsin Territory, was held on the 30th of July, 1838. 

Sef tion 4 of the act of Congress, " to divide the Territory of Wisconsin 
and to establish the Territorial Government of Iowa," approved June 12, 1838, 
provided that the first election for Councilmen, Representatives, County oificers, 
etc., should be held under the direction of the Governor, previous to which, a 
census of the inhabitants of the Territory should be taken and made by the 
Sheriifs cf the several counties, respectively, unless the same had been taken 
within three months previous to the 3d day of July. Under these provisions. 
Gov. Lucas ordered an election to be held on the 10th day of September, 1838. 
Lee County returned the following : 

Councilman. — Jesse Brooks Brown. 

Representatives. — William Patterson, Calvin J. Price, Hawkins Taylor and 
James Brierly. 

Commissioners. — William G. Pitman, John Gaines and Peter Miller. 

Treasurer. — James C. Parrott. 

Register of Deeds. — John PI. Lines. 

Assessor. — John P. Barnett. 

Coroner. — Robert Stephenson. 

Constables. — John G. Kennedy, Henry E. Vrooman, Charles Kellogg, Frank- 
lin Kenneda, Thomas Small, Samuel W. Weaver, John Patterson, Willis C. 
Stone, Leonard Parker, Ransom B. Scott, William Burton, Preston N. Miller, 
William Point. 

The first meeting of the first Board of County Commissioners elected under 
authority of Iowa Territory was held at Fort Madison, on the 1st day of Octo- 
ber, 1838. The first order appointed John H. Lines, Clerk of the Board. 

Two meetings were held by the Board this year, the last meeting being 
held on the 13th of October. These meetings were taken up with the details 
of county business, and were essentially the snme in practice as inaugurated 
under authority of Wisconsin Territory, and similar in all respects to the prac- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 439 

tice ever since in force. The business has always been of the same nature — 
sometimes, perhaps, a little more complicated, particularly when the bond mania 
possessed the people, and the Board or County Judges were besieged to use 
their influence and power to secure an issue of county bonds to aid in the con- 
struction of railroads, dykes, etc., and thus saddle a debt on one generation for 
another one to liquidate. 

The -political economy of Lee County, as commenced and practiced under 
authority of Wisconsin, and thus far under Iowa Territory, has been introduced 
for the purpose of preserving the modus operandi of perfecting county organiza- 
tion and the different systems of county management. The old journal of the 
first county authorities has been carefully overhauled, and voluminous extracts 
made from its well-written and well-preserved pages. These extracts will pre- 
serve the names of the representative men and public officials of that period ta 
generations yet to come. While many of them remain among the useful, 
honored and respected citizens of Lee County, others of them removed to other 
counties or other States, while some others have been " gathered to the home 
of their fathers." 

The details of county management are here dismissed to write of other 
incidents and events that will be of more interest to the general reader. 



GOVERNMENT LANDS. 

MAKING AND PROTECTING CLAIMS. 

Long before the Government survey was completed, and even before it was 
commenced, home-seekers had crossed the Mississippi River, and selected claims 
in different parts of the Purchase, the first settlers confining themselves to the 
immediate vicinity of the ''Father of Waters," or the tributaries thereto. In 
the absence of established township and section lines and corners, claims were 
settled at random. When township lines were fixed, it was not a difficult mat- 
ter to divide the township into sections^ and the sections into quarters, etc. In 
very many cases the lines fixed by the settlers were almost directly confirmed 
by the Government Surveyors. Sometimes, however, the settlers' lines would 
be pretty widely at fault. It not unfrequently happened that the house of one 
settler and the farm of another would be on the same 160 acres, as established 
by the United States Surveyors. In each township the settlers had a Claim 
Association, rules and regulations for the protection of each other. The rules 
required a registered description to be kept of every man's claim as he located 
it. When the United States surveys were made, and there was found to be 
conflicting interests among the settlers, the Claim Committee were called 
together and the claimants and their respective witnesses cited to appear. Each 
party and their witnesses told their own story without oath or affirmation, for 
such proceedings were not necessary in those days to get the truth. The word 
of honor of a "squatter " was as good as his oath or his bond. After hearing 
all the facts in the case, the Committee would correct the regi'ster according to 
the evidence, and from that correction and the rulings of the Claim Court there 
was no appeal. An old settler says: "I never knew of injustice being done 
in a single case." 

The pioneer settlers of the Forty-Mile Strip, and especially of that part of 
it whose history is under consideration, were a clays peculiar to themselves. 
They possessed a keen sense of honor, and a steadfastness of principle and of 
purpose that admitted of no criticism. To the people of the present age it may 



440 HISTOPxY OF T.KK COUNTY. 

seem a little remarkable, but ir is a tacr. nevertheless, that bur fe^v disputes ever 
arose among the settlers about the boundaries of their ohiinis. At that time, 
there -were no laws to govern them except the rules adopted by claim associa- 
tions. In almost every instance the people were a law unto themselves. The 
laws of honor prevailed to a much greater extent in those days than at present. 
Men regarded their individual word as good as their bond. When, perchance, 
disputes would arise, instead of seeking their adjustment in the courts of law, 
where such courts were accessible, they were submitted to referees. This was 
notably so as regarded claim disputes, and the decision of the referee was final. 
No one thought of appealing from their judgment. The pioneers had all sub- 
scribed to the rules adopted by claim associations, and, be it said to their credit, 
they almost invariably kept their faith. As a case in point, the following 
report of the rulings of a '' Claim Court" is contributed by W. B. Frame, a 
citizen of Round Pririe Township. Jefferson County, who was familiar with 
the tacts : 

" The first settlers were very anxious to secure an abundance of timber. In 
a certain locality a Mr. Jones had ■ blazed " out a claim of eighty acres of tim- 
ber, which a Mr. Smith also claimed. As a consequence, a dispute arose 
between them. The Claim Committee was notified, and a day was appointed to 
meet the parties interested and their witnesses. The weather was cold and the 
ground covered with a deep snow. The ' Court ' met in the timber, where a 
huge log-heap tire was . started. When the preliminary arrangements were 
completed, the parties were notified that the Committee had decided that the 
first thing to be done was to procure a jug of whisky, to be paid for by the con- 
testants. The whisky was soon provided, and when the jug had twice made the 
circuit of the fire, the case was opened and the parties and their witnesses 
patiently heard. Wiien the evidence was all in, the Committee retired to a 
fallen tree some distance from the fire, swept the snow from the log. and sat 
down to deliberate upon their judgment. After a brief consultation, the}'' 
returned to the fire and declared themselves ready to report. The report was 
in the words following : 

' We tiud that, aside from this oighty-aovo lot. Mr. .lones has olaimod all the timber land he 
needs, and .Mr. Smith has claimed all he can possibly purohase at the approaehiug land sale; 
therefore we decide that Mr. Urown. who lately settled among ns, and who holds a prairie claim, 
has uo timber, and that, as he can get none within a reasonable distance, lie shall have this eighty 
ftci'es of timber.' 

" This finding of the Committee was final, and gave the claim to a good man 
who did not chiini to have even the shadow of a claim to it. The contestants 
did not appeal, but paid the fees allowed the Committee by the rules of the 
Claim Association, as well as for the whisky. The jug again went aroumi and 
all present joined in a 'parting pull.' the ' Court adjourned," and the settlers 
departed for their homes, fully satisfied there " was many a slip 'twixt the 
cup and the lip.' " 

THE LAND SALES. SQUATTEKt? AXD SPKCl'LATOKS. 

The first Government sale of the Black Hawk lands commenced in Novem- 
ber, ISoS. The laud office was located at Burlington, and the sale was attended 
by thousands of •* squatters." as the first settlers were sometimes derisively 
called by unscrupulous capitalists and money-sharks. Many of these first set- 
tlers came to the country without means, except, perhaps, a yoke of cattle, or 
a pair of horses and an old wagon in which they hauled all their earthly posses- 
sions. Some of them didn't even have that much. This latter class was the 




/ 




HISTORY OF T-KK COUNTY. 441 

bvavost of thorn all, and trusted to luck and their own hravo hearts and strong 
arms to earn the means to buy their chiims when the hind sah^s came on- 
Others of the pioneers were in better condition and brought money with them, 
or knew where to get it, when the time came to perfect their titles by " bidding 
in " the land covered by their claims. 

The Burlington land sales of November. ISoS, constituted an epoch in the 
history oi' this country, and was one of extraordinary interest to two classes of 
people. First, to the settlers who wanted homes, and had braved the exposures 
incident to frontier life to secure them ; and second, to the " money-sharks " 
and "land-grabbers." The latter class, as soulless as the managers of a Chi- 
cago savings-bank, were always ready to take advantage of the poverty of a 
settler, and either loan him money at " 50 per cent," or buy his home from 
under him. 

In the preceding paragraphs reference is made to the manner in which the 
settlers protected themselves and each other in their legitimate rights. It is 
also stateil that a record was kept of every claim made in the several townships. 
After this register or record was completed, the Claim Association in each town- 
ship elected a bidder to attend the laud sales and "bid in" for the occupant 
each particular claim, as the description of the land was called by the land-othco 
authorities. In this way, every bona-fide settler was protected in his rights. 
The law never did and never will protect the people in all their rights so fully 
nnd so completely as the early settlers of Iowa protected themselves by these 
claim organizations. They secured justice to all, and, at the same time, fully 
paid the Crvtvernment for the lands occupied by them, and who, by their pru- 
ilence and industry laid the foundations of that economy that has made the 
commonwealth of the "Beautiful Land" the garden-spot and granary of the 
world. 

" Squatters and Speculators at the First Land Sales," is the title of an 
article written by Hawkins Taylor, Esq., and published in the July (1870) 
number of the An)iaTs of Iowa. This article is so accurately descriptive of 
the scenes and incidents of the land sales that it is considered worthy of preser- 
vation in this history of Lee County : 

"The land officers at Burlington, Gen. Van Antwerp and Gen. Dodge, 
most heartily entered into the spirit and interests of the settlers at the land 
sales, in securing them their lands, for which the early settlers honored Gen. 
Dodge, politically, as few men were ever trusted by any people. Gen. Van 
Antwerp, fortunately or unfortunately for himself as a politician, never went 
to the people for office : he was of the old Knickerbocker chivalry — was edu- 
cated at West Point, and always wore a ' boiled shirt ' and starched collar. He 
was full of grit, always true, but never of the masses. God bless, as He will 
surely do, the • Old Settlers,' generally and collectively, of that day. 

" Strange as it may seem to people at this day of free lands to all who will 
settle upon them, at that day, the settlers on public lands were held as ' squat- 
ters ' without any rights to be respected by the Government, or land specu- 
lators. Many amusing incidents happened at the land sales, one of which I 
will relate : 

" ' There were thousands of settlers at the sale at Burlington, in the fall of 
1888, The officers could sell but one or two townships each day, and when the 
laud in any one township was offered, the settlers of that township constituted 
the army on duty for that day, and surrounded the office for their own protec- 
tion, with all the other settlers as a reserve force, if needed. The hotels were 
full of speculators of all kinds, from the money-loaner, who would accommo- 

H 



442 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

date tho settler at 50 per cent ; that is, he wouki enter the settler's land in his^ 
oAvn name, and file a bond for a deed at the end of two years, bv the settler's 
paying him double the amount the land cost. At these rates. Dr. Barrett, of 
Springfield. 111., and Louis Benedict, of Albany, X. Y., loaned out ^100,000 
each, and Lyne Sterling and others, at least an equal amount, at the same, or 
higher rates of interest. The men who come to Iowa now cannot realize what 
the early settlei^s had to encounter. The hotels were full of this and a woi'se 
class of money-sharks. There was a niimerons class who wanted to rob the 
settlers of their lands and improvements entirely, holding that the settler was a 
squatter and a trespasser, and should be driven from the lands. You would 
hear much of rhis sort of talk about the hotels, but none about the settlers* 
camps. Amongst the loudest talkers of this kind was an 1\ F. Y., a class that 
has now about 'give out.' This valiant gentleman wa« going to invest hi* 
money as he pleased, without reference to settlei-s' claims. When the township 
of West Point was sold, it was a wet. rainy day. I was bidder, and the ofiicers 
let me go inside of the oifice. Just when I went into the office. 'Squire John 
Judy, who lived on Section 8:2 or 33, whispered to me that he had been disap- 
pointed in getting his money, at the last moment, and asked me to pass over his^ 
tract and not bid it oii'. I did so, but the Yirginian bid it off. I was inside 
and could not communicate with any one until the sale was through, and, as I 
did not bid on the tract, the outsiders supposed it was not claimed by a settler, 
and the moment the bid was made, the bidder left for his hotel. As soon as I 
could get out, which was in a few minutes, and make known that Judy's land 
had been bid off by a speculator, within five minutes" time not less than fifteen 
hundred of as desperate and determined a set of men as ever wanted homes, 
started for the bold bidder. Prominent in the lead was John G. Kennedy, of 
Fort Madison, who enjoyed such sport. Col. Patterson, now of Keokuk, a 
Yirginian by birth, but a noble, true-hearted friend of the settler, and who had 
been intimate with the Yirginian, made a run across lots and reached the hotel 
before Kennedy and his army. The Colonel informed the bidder of the con- 
dition of affairs, and advised him at once to abandon his bid. which he did, or. 
rather, he authorized the Colonel to do it for him. The Colonel went out and 
announced to the crowd that the bid was withdrawn, and that the bidder had 
also withdrawn himself. Both offers were accepted, but the latter was bitterly 
objected to, and only acquiesced in Avhen it was found that the party had escaped 
the back way, and could not be found. There was no other remedy. This 
was the last outside bid given during the sale, and you heard no more talk 
about outside bidding around the hotel. The squatters' rights were respected 

at that sale.* 

***** ***** 

"" I will give one case of hundreds and thousands that could be given, of the 
hardships of the early settlers : Alexander Cruickshank, a Norwegian sailor, 
and one of the noblest works of God. an honest man in all things, settled a few 
miles west of West Point, in Lee County, in 1885, and by hard work made 
himself a large farm. When the sale of his land was ordered by the Govern- 
ment, he went to Western New York and borrowed S400 of his brother, to 
enter his land. This was when Martin Yan Buren's specie circular was in 
force, and certain designated banks were made Government depositories. 
Cruickshank, to be certain that his money would be • land-office money ' when 
he got home, paid a premium of 8 per cent, in New York, to get the bills 
of a city bank that was a Government-deposit bank. His brother gave him 
§84 to pay his expenses home. At that time there were no i*ailroads. Alex- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 443 

ander walked to Pittsburgh, and there took a boat to St. Louis. When he got 
to New Albany, Ind., the Ohio River was so low that there was no certainty of 
getting to St. Louis in time to get home by the day of the sale of his land, and 
he had no money to spare to go by stage. So he crossed Indiana and Illinois 
on foot, reaching home the Friday before the sale on Monday. When he went 
to Burlington, he found that his New York money would not be taken by the 
land office, and he had to shave off his money that he had already paid a 
premium for to get ' land-office money ' for 'land-office money,' and pay another 
premium of 12i per cent, reducing his |400 to $350. To make up this $50, 
he had to sell oft' a part of his scanty stock at less than one-fifth of what the 
same kind of stock would sell for now. I remember the day Alexander started 
to New York to borroAV the money to enter his land, and of asking him what 
he would do if he failed. His answer was, ' I will come home and try to 
borrow at the sale ; but if I fail, and lose my land, I will cross the Rocky 
Mountains but what I will have and own my own Jand.' Of such stuff" were 
the old settlers. Why should not the State be great and noble now ? " ' 

The squatters attended the land sales in force. They went to Burlington 
by boat, by wagon, on horse-back, and on foot — any way to get there and be 
present at the opening of the sale. They went up for a campaign of several 
days, taking with them cooking utensils, quilts, blankets, etc., fully prepared to 
" camp out " and wait till every settler had secured his claim. They went with 
a determined purpose, and bound together ''like a band of brothers," prepared 
to stand by each other to the last. It was a dangerous undertaking for any 
"land-grabber " to attempt to bid against any of the hardy, honest squatters, 
a fact the sharks were not long in finding out. They governed themselves 
accordingly, and took good care not to give the despised squatters occasion for 
helping them away from the vicinity of the land office with their stoga boots or 
strong arms. 



THE COUNTY SEAT ON W^HEELS. 

FRANKLIN. 

Section 8 of the act under which Lee County was organized (already 
quoted) provided ''that the District Court should be held at the town of Madi- 
son." "An act to establish the boundaries of the counties of Lee, Van Buren, 
Des Moines, Henry, Louisa, Muscatine and Slaughter (Washington) ; to locate 
the seats of justice in said counties, and for other purposes," passed by the 
second session of the Legislative Assembly of Wisconsin Territory, and 
approved January 18, 1838, declared the seat of justice to be "established at 
the town of Fort Madison." 

As settlements extended back into the interior of the county, rival interests 
sprang up, and a more central location for the county seat came to be agitated. 
Under this agitation, influences were brought to bear upon the second Territo- 
rial Legislature of Iowa (1830-40) that resulted in the passage of an act, 
approved January 14, 1840, appointing Samuel C. Reed, of Van Buren County, 
James L. Scott, of Jeftei'son County, and one other, whose name and place of 
residence is lost, as Commissioners to carry out the purpose of the enactment. 
The law provided that the Commissioners should meet at Fort Madison on the 
first Monday in March, 1840, and that, after being duly sworn by any Judo-e 
or Justice of the Peace to faithfully and impartially discharge the duties 
imposed, they should proceed to examine the situation of the county, to con- 



444 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

sider the future as well as the (then) present population, and also to pay 
strict regard to the geographical center, and to locate the seat of justice as near 
the center as an eligible site could be obtained ; and that, as soon as they had 
come to a determination, they should name the place as they might see proper, 
etc. They were also required to make a report in writing, which was required to 
be filed with the County Clerk ; but no such instrument is found of record. 

Pursuant to the requirements of this enactment, two of the Commissioners, 
Samuel C. Reed and James L. Scott, met at Fort Madison on the day named, 
and proceeded to discharge the duties for which they were appointed. After 
an examination of several sites, they selected the south half of the southeast 
quarter of Section Number Twenty-three (23), and the north half of the north- 
east quarter of Section Number Twenty -six (26), Township Sixty-eight (68) 
north, Range Six (6) west, which location was accepted by the Board of County 
Commissioners, and called Franklin. The land was owned by John Brown, 
Thomas Douglass and John C. Chapman, who donated the same to the Board 
of County Commissioners on these conditions : That when the town was laid 
ofl", the Board of County Commissioners were to have the first choice of said 
lots and the donors the second choice, and so on until all the lots were chosen. 

March 9, 1840, the Commissioners " ordered that the County Surveyor 
make a survey of said town, under the direction of Mathew Kilgore (one of the 
County Commissioners), and make a return thereof according to law." The 
town was to be ''laid oif into blocks, lots, outlots (if necessary), one public 
square, streets and alleys." The blocks were ordered to be 300 feet squai-e, 
divided into eight lots each, 75x140 feet ; alleys, 20 feet in width, and the 
streets 60 feet, except the first street north of the public square, which was to 
be 80 feet in width," etc. It was further "ordered that the County Clerk 
make out a copy of this order and transmit it to the County Surveyor (George 
Berry) immediately." Mathew Kilgore and Samuel Brierly (or either of them) 
were appointed to superintend the division of lots between the Board of County 
Commissioners and the donors of the land. The Commissioners, at this time, 
were Jesse O'Neil, Mathew Kilgore and Samuel Brierly. 

At a special meeting of the Board on the 19th of the following May, it was 
" ordered that there be a public sale of town lots in the town of Franklin, on 
Monday, the 13th day of July next, and to continue from day to day, at the 
discretion of the Board. Terms made known on the day of sale." Notice of 
the sale was directed to be published in a " newspaper in the city of Burling- 
ton, I. T., called the Iowa Territorial G-azette, for at least three weeks before 
the said sale." No trace of the sale, if it was had, can be found on record. 

The Commissioners accepted the location in good faith, and made all lawful 
preparations to carry out the intent and purposes of the act under which the 
site of Franklin was selected as a county seat. But the people were not satis- 
fied. The dissatisfaction grew so strong that, at the next session of the Legis- 
lature (1840-41), an act was passed entitled " An act to locate the county seat 
of Lee County," under which the question of location was referred to a vote of 
the people of the county. The act was approved on the 15th of January, 
1841. The election was authorized to be held on the second Monday of March. 
Section 3 provided that if no one point received a majority of all the votes cast 
at said election, a second election should be held on the third Monday in April 
following, at which second election the two points receiving the highest number 
of votes at the first election should be voted for, and none other, and that the 
point receiving the highest number of votes should be declared the seat of 
justice, etc. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 445 

FORT MADISON. 

Before the time fixed for this election, the President and Trustees of the 
ToAvn of Fort Madison passed an ordinance binding themselves to appropriate 
the sum of $8,000 for the erection of Court House, Jail, etc., provided the county 
seat of Lee County should be located at Fort Madison. Joel C. Walker, John 
A. Drake, William Wilson, Henry Eno, George Bell, Stewart Brown, Thomas 
Hardesty, James Hardin, William D. Knapp, S. A. Walker, Samuel B. Ayres, 
E. D. Ayres, H. T. Reid, John G. Walker, Amos Ladd, Peter Miller, John 
G. Toncray, William Leslie, E. A. Dickey, Thomas Fitzpatrick, Richard 
Pritchett, Adam B. Sims, H. E. Vrooman, Ed. Johnston, Alfred Rich, James 
Wilson & Co., J. Huner, Jacob Cutler and Hawkins Taylor, entered into a 
bond with the County Commissioners in the penal sum of $16,000, conditioned 
as follows : '' That if the President and Trustees of the town of Fort Madison 
should pay over to the County Commissioners the sum of |8,000, for the erec- 
tion of public buildings for said county (provided the county seat should be 
located at the town of Fort Madison), whenever the same might be necessary 
for the erection of said buildings, then the obligation to be void, otherwise of 
full force, virtue and effect." These parties represented the property and money 
interests of Fort Madison, and in making this bond, they virtually become 
security for the President and Trustees of the incorporation of the town of Fort 
Madison. The ordinance referred to was as follows : 

" Be it ordained by the President and Trustees of the Town of Fort Madison, that the sum of 
$8,000 be appropriated out of the funds of the corporation for the purpose of erecting a Court 
House in the Town of Fort Madison (provided that the county seat of Lee County be located 
in said town). Peter Millek, President. 

Robert Wtman, Recorder. 

Fort Madison, February 23, 1841." 

The $8,000 thus pledged by the President and Trustees of the town of Fort 
Madison, was paid into the county treasury, which Avas certified to the Legisla- 
ture by John G. Toncray, the County Treasurer, and D. McConn, a former 
City Treasurer of Fort Madison, certified that $5,000 was received for the use 
of the town of Fort Madison from the sale of town lots belonging to Govern- 
ment in Fort Madison. Amos Ladd, Hawkins Taylor, James Wilson and others, 
purchased Lots Nos. 534 and 535, upon which the Court House was erected, 
from S. B. Kile, " for the consideration of $560, and conveyed the same to the 
County Commissioners for the consideration of $1," making a total of $13,559 
provided by the town of Fort Madison for public building purposes, in advance 
of the election. ^^^^^ election. 

At the first election on the second Monday in March, 1841, the result was 
as follows : 

For Fort Madison 465 votes. 

For Franklin 435 votes. 

For West Point •• ^20 votes. 

Total l.'-^2^ "^otes. 

SECOND ELECTION. 

There was no choice, and a second election was held on the third Monday 
in April, as provided in Section 3, already quoted. At that election, the contest 
was between Fort Madison and Franklin, and resulted — 

For Fort Madison "''^ ''^otes. 

For Franklin 477 votes. 

Total 1,196 votes. 

Majority in favor of Fort Madison 264 votes. 



446 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



ERECTION OF THE OOUKT HOUSE, ETC. 

Thus fortified, the Comiuissionei-s determined to proceed to the erection of 
tlie necessary public buikiings. Phins and specitications were invited, and 
a phin adopted that would include Court House and Jail under one roof, 50x48 
feet in size. Proposals >Yere next invited. Thomas Morrison and Amos Ladd 
contracted to do the brick and stone work, and Isaac K. Ladd to do the wood 
work. 

At a special meeting of the Board held on the tii-st day of June, 1S41. the 
following order was entered of record : 

Ordered by this tniani. That the square coiiuuouly known and denominated the upper public 
square iu the town of Fort Madison be, and the saitte is hereby, selected and deolawd by us the 
public square for the location or erection of the Court House and .Tail for Lee County, which ar« 
now about to be erected in said county; and it is further ordered that the said buildings shall be 
ei'ected as near the southwest corner of the public square as may be practicable. 

The site here named is the upper public park, in which the old settlei-s hold 
their annual re-unions. 

At the rei::ular Julv meetinij of the Board, the following order was made : 

Ordered by the Board. That the Court House and .Tail for Lee County, commonly called 
public buildings, which .ire now to be erected by Thoiitas Morrison and Isaac R. Atlee. undei-- 
takei-s or conti-actors. shall be erected on or built on Lots No. Five HimdredandThii-ty-four i^-i;?4) 
and Five Hundred and Thirty-tive (^ooo\ situated in the town of Fort Madison, as will appear by 
reference to the plat of said town ; and it is farther ordered by the Board, that the order made 
by this Bo-ard at their special session on the tix'st day of June last past, selecting the upper public 
square for the location oY the Court House and Jail be, and the same is hereby, rescinded. 

The basement walls were of stone, and the upper walls of brick. Since the 
present jail was built, in 1865-67, the old cells have been used for storage pur- 
poses. Many of the old papers, poll-books, etc.. of the county were stored away 
there to rot with damp, or become nests and hiding-places for rats and mice. 

The buildings cost about §1:^,000, and were completed in the summer and 
fall of 184*2. On the r>d of September of that year, the Comtuissionei'S 
•• ordered that the following disposition be made of the othces in the Court 
House, fitted up for the use of the county officers, to wit : The southeast room 
for the use of the County Commissionei"s and the Clerk of the Board ; the 
southwest room for the Clerk of the District Court ; and the middle room, on 
the east side, for the itse of the Sherifl:' of the county." 

Thus fiir. Fort Madison interests were triumphant ; but the victory was not 
permanent. 

^ WEST POINT. 

While the public buildings were in course of erection, the people of West 
Point and Franklin formed a combination against Fort Madison, and petitioned 
the next Legislature to re-open the county-seat question. The people of Fort 
Madison met the petitions with an address, prepared by the Mayor and Alder- 
men, in which they reviewed the history of the controversy from the beginning, 
and the circumstances and conditions under which the county seat had been 
located and the public buildings erected at Fort Madison, as already quoted. 
But this address was without effect, and the Legislature passed an act entitled 
"An act to relocate the county seat of Lee County," which was approved on 
the loth day of January. 1848. This act appointed Thomas 0. Wamsley, of 
Henry County. L N. Selby, of Van Buren County, and Stephen Gearhart. of 
Des Moines County, to visit Lee County, make an examination of the situation 
and surroundings, and locate the county seat at such place as to them might 
seem best, takino; into consideration the future as well as the [then] present 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 447 

population. In pursuance of the requirements of this act, the Commissioners 
met at the town of Franklin on the second Monday in March, 1843, and, after 
being duly sworn, proceeded to the discharge of their duties. The following is 
a copy of their report : 

Iowa Territort/, Lee County, sn. : The mulersigned Coiuinissioners, appointed by an act. of 
the Legislative Assembly of said Territory, entitled "An act to relocate the county seat of Lee 
County," approved iJUh .lanuary, A. D. 1848, make the following report: We met, as directed in 
said act, at the town of Fratiklin on the second Monday of March, instant, and, after having been 
sworn, as provided for in said act, by .John Urown, Esq., a Notary Public in and for said county, we 
proceeded to examine the several points in said county proposed as eligible sites for tlie county 
seat of said county, and also to examine the face of the country generally, as to its population 
and the capability' of the several portions of the county to sustain a dense population, etc., and 
we have concluded to and do hereby select the east half of the southeast quarter of Section 6, 
Town 1)8 north, of llange 5 west, being the tract on which West Point is located, as the county 
seat of said county ; and we further place in the ofiice of the Clerk of the Board of Commis- 
sioners of said county the annexed papers, marked "A," as a writing executed by the obligors 
therein named for the use of the county seat at the said point above named. 

Witness our hands and seals this 20th day of March, A. D. 184;?. 

[Signed] Thomas 0. Wamsley. [seal.] 

L N. Srlby. [seal.] 

Stephen Gearhart. [seal.] 

"A." Know all men by these presents, that we, the undersigned citizens of Lee County 
and West Point, and Iowa Territory, are tirmly bound, individually anil collectively, together 
with, our heirs and assigns, to the Board of County Commissioners of said county, for the full 
payment of fourteen thousand dollars, well and truly to be paid. Dated this 17th day of March, 
1843. 

The condition of the above obligations are such that if the undersigned shall build a Court 
to be built (on some part of the public square) in the town of West Point, a Court House for the 
use of the county, forty-five by iifty feet, the foundation to be of stone, range work in fi'ontdoor, 
window caps and sills to be of stone, the walls of brick, two stories high, of sufficient thickness, 
with a suitable number of doors and windows, a good and sufficient self-supported roof, the 
division walls and the whole of the inside work to be superintended by the Board of County 
Commissioners, and the building to be finished, in a neat and workmanlike style, by the 1st of 
September, 1844, in consideration of the Conuuissioners locating the county seat of Lee at West 
Point, etc., then this obligation to be void, otherwise to remain in full force and virtue. 

Given under our hands and seals the day and year above written. 

This document was "signed" and "sealed" by the following-named cit- 
izens of West Point and vicinity : W. Stewart, William Steel, A. H. Walker, 
Freeman Knowles, T. T. Botts, C. J. Price, Aaron Conkey, David Walker, J. 
A. Casey, John M. Fulton, William Stotts, R. P. Creel, P. H. Babcock, A. J. 
Steffey and William Patterson. 

These papers were entered of record at a special meeting of the Board of 
County Commissioners, held on the 28th day of March, 1843, and maybe found 
on pp. 211, 212 and 213, in book 2 of the official proceedings of the Board. 

On the same day, the Board " ordered that the District Courts for Lee 
County, from and after the 1st day of April next (1843) shall be held at the 
town of West Point," etc. 

An editorial in the Lee County Democrat^ R. W. Albright, editor, comment- 
ing on the action of the Locating Commissioners, under date of March 25, 
remarked : " For the information of our readers, we will state that according to 
previous arrangements entered into by the people of the contending points and 
the citizens of this place (Fort Madison), it was mutually agreed upon that the 
county seat should remain here for one year after a site had been selected by 
the Commissioners, and that the Court House, which has just been finished at 
two-thirds of the expense to the citizens of Fort Madison, should (if any other 
point be selected by them) be sold at public auction to the highest bidder, and 
that two-thirds of the purchase-money should be refunded back to the citizens 
for the use of the town, and the remaining third be deposited with the County 
Treasurer." 



448 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

The West Point people kept their faith and built the Court House according 
to contract, although the undertaking proved a heavy drain upon the pockets 
of the liberal, enterprising citizens, and resulted disastrously to the financial 
condition of a few of them. 

The regular April (1843) meeting of the Board of County Commissioners 
was held at Fort Madison. Temporary accommodations were secured at West 
Point for the use of the county officers, while the Court House was building, 
and the regular July meeting of the Board was held at that place. At 
that meeting, John A. Drake was appointed to take care of the Fort Mad- 
ison Court House, with instructions to lease the court-room for the use of relig- 
ious meetings — the room to be let to the highest bidder. The other rooms 
were authorized to be let by private contract, for the use of offices, etc. At a 
special meeting in August, 1845, it was " ordered that the Clerk issue a rule 
on John A. Drake * * * * Agent, to rent the Court House 
in Fort Madison, to individuals, to report to said Board the situation of the 
same, and pay over any balances that may be in his hands at their next regular 
session in the month of October next." If Drake answered to the rule thus 
issued, the Clerk failed to enter his report, and there are no words to show 
the "situation" of the Court House, nor figures to show the amount of rental 
received or the "balances" on hand. 

The removal of the county seat to West Point did not settle the "vexed 
question." Defeated, but not conquered, the Fort Madison people " watched 
and waited " for their opportunity. And West Point's glory was short-lived. 

A SCHEME TO DIVIDE THE COUNTY. 

During the summer and fall of 1843, a plan was devised for a division of Lee 
County, and the formation of a new county, to be called Madison. An act 
entitled " An act for the formation of the County of Madison," was passed at 
the ensuing session of the Legislature and approved February 15, 1844, by 
which the question of division was submitted to the qualified voters of Lee 
County at the April election, 1844. It was provided that the Judges of Election 
in the difierent townships should open a poll in each township "For Division," 
or " No Division," and that the voters should write on their tickets "Division " 
or "No Division." That the Judges of Election should make return of said 
tickets, together with the result of the votes of each township, sealed up, within 
five days after said election, to the Clerk of the Board of County Commissioners 
for Lee County ; and that on the sixth day after the election, the Clerk, in the 
presence of two Justices of the Peace for said county, should open and canvass 
the returns, * * * * ^nd if it should appear that a majority of the votes 
cast were in favor of the division, then the act to be in full force and Madison 
County to be considered as fully created and established ; otherwise the act to 
be void and of no efi"ect. 

At the same time, the question of calling a Convention to frame a State Con- 
stitution was submitted. One thousand, three hundred and forty -two votes were 
cast in favor of the Convention, and three hundred and fifty-three votes were 
cast against the Convention, making the total number of votes polled for and 
against the convention, 1,695. The following number of votes were cast for 
and against "Division" : 

Against division 952 

For division 713 

Total 1,665 

The scheme was defeated by a majority of 239 votes. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



449 



ANOTHER COUNTY-SEAT CONTEST — FORT MADISON VICTORIOUS. 

The people had become so used to a distracted condition of county affairs by 
this time that they couldn't rest content unless the wagons on which the county' 
records had been hauled from Fort Madison to West Point were again put in 
motion to haul them some place else, and the Legislature, which was then in ses- 
sion, was petitioned for the passage of an act under which the qualified loceters 
might be permitted to vote on the question of relocation. In answer to this 
petition, an act entitled " An act to relocate the seat of Justice of Lee County," 
was approved June 10, 1845, by which the question was referred to the people 
at an election authorized to be held on the first Monday in August. Section 
2 provided that the point receiving a majority of all the votes cast should be 
declared the seat of justice. Section 3 provided that if no point received a 
majority of all the votes cast at the August election, then a second election 
should be held on the first Monday in September, at which second election only 
the three places receiving the highest number of votes should be voted for. 
Section 4 provided that if there should be no choice at the second election, 
then a third election should be held on the first Monday in October, when 
only the two places receiving the highest number of votes should be voted 
for, etc. 

At the August election. Fort Madison, West Point, Franklin, Keokuk,. 
Montrose and Charleston were " candidates." The result was as follows : 

Fort Madison 664 

West Point _,^ 308 

Franklin 326 

Keokuk 208 

Montrose 287 

Charleston 41 

Total 1^834 

There was no choice. Fort Madison, West Point and Franklin received the 
highest number of votes, and were entitled to be voted for at the next election, 
on the first Monday in September. At this election, the result was as fol- 
lows : 



TOWNSHIPS. 


Fort 
Madisou. 


West Point. 


Franklin. 


Total 
Tp.Voto. 


Green Bay 


51 

52 

53 

479 

15 

34 

18 

6 

5 

17 

142 

2 






51 


Denmark 


13 
2 




65 


Washington 




65 


Madison 


5 


484 


Pleasant Ridge 


17 

258 


32 


West Point 


19 

6 

2 

78 

91 

8 

2 

49 

27 

35 

56 


311 


JeflFerson 


24 


Marion 


17 
1 

7 

36 

17 

3 

7 

7 

150 


'"•n 


Franklin 


84 


Charleston 


115 


Montrose 


186 


Cedar 


21 


Harrison 


52 


Van Buren 


31 '" 

16 

48 


65 
58 


Des Moines 


Jackson 


254 






Total 


969 


535 


378 


1,882 


Majority for Fort Madison 



450 HlJ^^RY OF LRK WFNTW 

Tht> ptH>p.U> of Fort Mavii^on w^n^ h»pj>\\ awd th«» ivgukv Ootv^bor wtHHinj? 
of tht> "Rvvvni of Oo\u\tv Ooiunus^iiiionor?*— -J^vf^o iV^ftxH^ »1oh\\ l^rvsiivMv ana 
ThiHUA;?' J . Ohiuv^with — wa^js hoKi iw tlioir vxld v^uiwtoi"* iu tho Wrt Madisou Oourt 
Hott*t\ 

On tht> Sd of M«»¥oh^ 185'$x » jv^tition, sixgnoii bv S^S^iJ^ W§»1 vott^x';*, >>a^ 
^M>\<«tn\covi to .'wvii^v BoyUv^, ai^kinsi: fov an eUvtion aj^ botwtvu Kort Mjuiij^ou auvi 
Oh!»rlo$K>u. In Answer u> tho pntvov vvf tUo potvtiou, »huigx> Hv\yUv» oiNienni v^w 
4>loi>tio« <w tW J^d of A}>xnl toUowinjj, but tbwv i$ no wport of tbt» n^^nlt of 
th»t t^lcK^tion v>n i\H\>x>i S\nvH> ihon. tbo i^uoi^tion ba* boon »llowo<l to \>?ist, 
Tbo Wo^t Point Oonvt Hou^o pta^txl into tbo [xvis^os^j^ion of tbo ^jobovvl dis^tHot, 
wxcl i$ now ussod «* » pwblio ^oboolhou^^o. 

1\y a j^povnal :Kn v\t' tbo T.04ji^l!*tvuv of 1S4T, a oonvt with vvnouvivut juri^ 
dietion ws^i <\!sti*b\i^btHl at Ktv\uk. Tho ivwoi*!^ of tbo two oouvt* aiv «$ foU 
low*: Tarti^N^ Uiigaiu mav *uo at oitbov oovirt \Fov( Madv.^on or Ki\>kuk\ and 
Jnvlgmont:;* wndovwi in ofto di$triot aw ako a lion in thooibor, oi\ in otbor wo\>l$» 
"gvHxl all OYor tbo ooiintvi** bnt orirainal oaso^ tbat ari$o in oitbor ObarUv^ton^ 
Van Bnwn. Doiji Moinois^ Montnvj^o and »laok$on Town^bip*. aw tviabU^ at K^v 
kuk onlv : wbib"* tbo^o avi^vnj* in anv v>f tbo otbor town^hi^vi aw vnilv triablo at Fort 
Madi^v>n, All tbo land j^ontb v^f tbo Ualf-Btwd lino, oxv^opt tbo t\»!!^t balf «.vf 
♦lotVor-^vvn Town^uiK i$ iwvnbsl at Kovvknk : tbo wnxaindor of tbo vvnntv at 
Fort Madison, *lbo ditfownt vvuntv otUvvx-* aw ww\\^ont<Hl at Ktvkuk by 
iloputio^ Kookuk boij\^ ooaxj^idonxl mowlv a branob oravw 5iOt>iU*atojuri«;\<boin§ 
obosion ivxr oacb dis^triot, 

Tho ori^stinal Court llou^o in Fort Madisson w«* about ^^0x48 t\vt. hi lSTti» 
tb^ wtiro bnildin^i* wa* ovorbaulo^l a.nd iWHWstruotod, An addition of :i4x50 
foot waji add<\l to tbo nortb ond, and tbo Y»ult$ wnnxiolod and onlai'^xl 
wuh a Yvow to j^fotY and vvnvonionoo, 

Tbo ?5tvnio walU of tbo piwont »lail wow laid up in ISt^o, uudor an appr\>- 
priation vvt* §:^,000 tivrn tbo vvuuty tw^aj^urv. In Ootv^bor, lSt^t>, tbo qviostion 
of appwpriatiix^^ 1$T>000 to tbo oomplotion of tbo Jaib a* it now §t«nd§» 
w*Si $ttbn\ittod to tbo j>oojvU\ and oarrio<l b>r ^vWv> voto* ^^r tbo apivro- 
i\riat.i<.xn to iHl votx>ij^ a^ns^t tbo appi\>priatio«. It w;*;^ fullv o\Yn\^>lott\i in 

Tbo ovnmtv buildin^it$ at Kov^kuk wow vvriginallv oroottxi »bout lS^i'$> by 
Br, Jobu F. ^antvn\l lor a modioal ov>llogt\ and bv wbon\ tboy woro sv^ld to tb* 

ivuntv fvn- ^ It. 000, 



FINANOIAI. K\UUU1\ 

>Jv>twitb$tandii\g tbo law ovijanisinj* al^v\>r\l of County Ovxmnxi^isiiionoj^ for 
oaob vwinty, \\\\uvrt\i {bo«\ to pubUsli an annual i^tatomont v>t' tbo tiuanoial 
convlition vvf tboir wxfspov^tivo oinmtiocs, tbo Cvnuiuis;5donor* of Lot> Oouujy faiUnl 
to ov>m}>ly witb tbat mrt of tbo law f>r :^n*o\-^l yoax^, Tbo f\r$t tiuanoial 
oxbibit wa* publisbixi January. 1842, wbon Joti^> O'^oib Matbow Kil^>ro 



IIiaTOIlY nV \A']K COUNTY. 451 

and JoliiiHon Mook were tlio OominissionorH. Tlio rocoiptH and (expenditures 
IVom IS87 to tll(^ clone of 1840, wore ii^;j;ro^atod as I'oIIowh: 

'I'oliil HHwipiM ill IHa? I (i-1() 07 

ToUl i-tHnnplH ill IHItH 1,;CJH 50 

Tolal roooiplH ill IH.'M) 'J,H75 50 

Tiiliil io(i(M|.iH ill IHIO , 8,441 15 

L_ $8,285 22 

Tolal oxinMidiliiroM in IHM? | 52:! 85 

Toliil (lxl.oll(li(lll•(^^ ill 1H;I8 2, ()'.»!! !(2 

Tolal o.\|.ori.lilui<^H in IHMl) ],'.)44 00 

Tolal oxi.oiKlil.uroH in IHIO !J,4H5 t)7 

— — |H,()4i; (14 

l'l.\<!i<HH of r(m(M|ilM ovt'r o)i|M^n(lil,iiroM in lour ytiarH Hi 288 58 

'\\\o rccu^ipLs and (v\p((ii(lit,nr(\H lor ISII, woro hIiowii in doliiil in llic wohIh 
and lio;ur(iH rollowiii'j;: 

Vvorn n. W. (lillook, (iolloolor IJi 8,204 ()5 

.Kroiii IhiwliiiiH Taylor, on ii,MH»iHHnioiit,-roll 2,484 ()',) 

From (loiiiomtiou of l''orl MadiMon (i.OOO 00 

From liooiiHOH 1,008 71 

From OKtHtulion 8ii I ll> 

From liiioH 100 50 

From oMlrays Hi 80 

Total 118,17'.! 81 

lOXIMONDlTlJIlKH. 

Paid ( lounl.y (lommiHHioiiorn for HorvlooH f IliH 00 

Paid John II. I,iium, Clork (loiiiily (iomniiHHionorH' doiirl 521) 74 

Paid llavvkiiiH Taylor for miiidry HerviooH an Hliorill' 8il2 51 

Paid O. S. X. I'tKik lor Hiindry sorvioos 848 07 

Paid It. VV. (lillook 885 30 

Paid VV. (I. SltiiT Tor HorviooH aH ProHOOiilin^r AUornoy in 1840 200 00 

Paid II. T. it.oid for MorvidOH as ProHtHiiiUiifi; Alioriioy 225 00 

Paid .laiiioH L. FhIi^h, McirviooM aH AsMOHHor 275 00 

Koom ront for Dinlricil, <!oiiiily ('oniiiiiHHionorH and Probate CourtH I'.K) 83 

Paid for l»oardin|j; and ^inirding |iriHonorH 220 62 

Paid for Mtalionory, fiiiiiiliiro, olo., for county olRoes 112 50 

Paid .liid(>;0H and (Uorks of Mlootiona 81fi 10 

Paid JiiroiH and wHiiohhoh 778 52 

Paid CoiiiiiiiMHioiiorH for viowing and laying-out roads 048 00 

Paiil .liiHlioos, ('oiiHlabh^H, olo., oohIh in II. S. oiiMos 4(15 19 

Paid .lolin II. liiim.i moiioy advaiKiod and HorviooH rondorod in 1840 422 59 

Paid Ladd, Atloo and oIluiiH for work on Court lloiiHO 6,000 00 

Paid T(Mritoriiil TroiiHiiriir ." 881 94 

Paid County Troanuror for HorviooH aiul nlationory 896 88 

MisooUanoouH 40(1 08 

Total 112,800 82 

RlCOAl'lTlIl.ATION. 

Hoooipts |21,4(i4 58 

Expenditures 20,912 90 



FxooHS of roooiplH ovor oxponditiiros S 552 57 



ORGANIZATION OF 'roWNSHIPS. 

At the regular Ja,nuary meeting, 1841, the County Commissionors ordered 
that the county ot" Lee be conntituted and eatablished into towushi{)a to carry 
into eHect the act (Mititlcd "■an act to [irovidi^ lor the organization of town- 



452 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

ships." Under this order, the following townships and township boundaries 
were established : 

GREEN BAY. 

Fractional Township 68 north, Ranges 2 and 3 west, and all that portion of 
fractional Township 69 north, Range 4 west, east of the north and south line 
dividing Sections 33 and 34. The first meeting of the electors was directed to 
be held at the house of Wesley Hughes. 

DENMARK, 

Fractional Township 69 north, Range 4 west, west of the north and south 
line dividing Sections 33 and 34, and fractional Township 69 north, Range 6 
west. The place for the first meeting of the electors to be at the house of L. 
L. Thurston.;; 

WASHINGTON. 

Township 68 north. Range 4 west, and fractional Township 67 north, Range 
4 west. The first meeting of the electors to be at the schoolhouse on the six- 
teenth section. 

WEST POINT. 

All of Congressional Township 68 north. Range 5 west. The place of the 
first meeting to be at the village of West Point. 

FRANKLIN. 

Townships 68 and 69 north. Range 6 west. Franklin was designated 
as the place for holding the first town meeting. 

HARRISON. 

Townships 68 and 69 north, Range 7 west. The first meeting of the 
electors was ordered to be held at the house of Jesse Johnson. 

VAN BUREN. 

Fractional Township 67 north, Range 7 west, the west half of Township 67 
north. Range 6 west, and fractional Township 66 north, Range 7 west. The 
first meeting was ordered to be held at the house of Abraham Hinkle. 

JEFFERSON. 

Fractional Township 67 north, Range 5 west ; also the east half of Town- 
ship 67 north, Range 6 west. The house of Cyrus Peck was designated as the 
place of the first meeting. 

^ ° AMBROSIA. 

Fractional Township 66 north, Ranges 4, 5 and 6 west. Ambrosia was 
named as the place for the first meeting of the electors. 

JACKSON. 

Fractional Township 65 north, Ranges 4, 5 and 6 west, and fractional Town- 
ship 64 north, Range 5 west. The first meeting of the electors was ordered to 
be held at the town of Keokuk. 

MADISON. 

Fractional Township 67 north, Range 4 west. The first meeting was 
directed to be held at the Washington House. 

MARION. h 

This township was established at the regular meeting in April, 1841, and 
was declared to include Township 69 north, Range 6 west. The first meeting 



HIST0R"5' OF LEE COUNTY. 453 

was directed to be held at the house of John Taylor on the 19th of the follow- 

^^g ^^^' MONTROSE 

was set off from Ambrosia at the July meeting, 1841, and included Town 66 
north, Ranges 4 and 5 west. The first meeting of the electors was ordered to 
be held at the village of Montrose. 

At the regular meeting of the Board in January, 1843, it was ordered that 
so much of Grreen Bay and Denmark Townships as was included in Congres- 
sional Townships 69 north, Range 4 west, and south of Skunk River, should 
be set off and established as a separate township, to be known as Denmark, and 
that the first meeting of the electors should be held at the schoolhouse in the 
village of Denmark. .^.^...r^ x^^t^^t. 

=> PLEASANT RIDGE. 

At the same meeting, a petition was presented to the Board from sundry 
citizens of the original Denmark Township, asking for a division of that town- 
ship. In answer to that petition, it was " ordered that so much of said town- 
ship as was included in Congressional Township 69 north, Range 5 west, as 
lies south of Skunk River, should be set off and organized as a separate town- 
ship, to be called Pleasant Ridge." The first meeting of the electors was 
ordered to be held at the house of Thomas M. Clark. 

CHARLESTON TOWNSHIP. 

At the regalar January session, 1844, on petition of sundry citizens of 
Van Buren and Jefferson Townships, the Board of County Commissioners 
" ordered that so much of said townships as was included in Congressional Town- 
ship 67 north. Range 6 west, be erected into a separate township, to be known 
as Charleston, and that the first meeting of the electors of the said Charleston 
Township, should be held at the house of R. B. Robinson." 

CEDAR TOAVNSHIP. 

At the regular July meeting, 1844, on petition of sundry citizens of Har- 
rison Township, the Count}'- Commissioners " ordered that that portion of said 
township included in Congressional Township 69 north, Range 7 west, be set 
off as a separate township, to be known and called Cedar Township." The 
house of Charles Brewington was designated as the place for holding the first 
meeting; of the electors. 

° DES MOINES. 

At a special meeting of the Board in 'August, 1842 (the 4th), it was 
" ordered that the township of Ambrosia be thereafter known as Des Moines." 
Since then, there have been no changes in township lines. 



EXIT TERRITORIAL DEPENDENCY. 

THE FIRST CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION, 

In April, 1844, the people voted for the first time on the question of calling 
a convention to form a State constitution. The measure was carried by a large 
majority of votes, but for reasons explained on page 181 of this volume, 
Iowa did not become a sovereign and independent State until the 28th day of 
December, 1846, Under the law submitting the question of State government, 
Lee County was entitled to eight Delegates to the Constitutional Convention. 
The election of Delegates occurred on the 5th day of August, 1844, and David 



454 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Galland, John Thompson, James Marsh, Calvin J. Price, H. M. Sahuon, Charles 
Stalev and Alexander Kerr were chosen to represent Lee County. All but 
Kerr were Democrats. 

NoTK. — In September, 18o9, aoeoi-ding to a oensus taken nnder direction of Oov. Dodge, the 
entire white population of the >• Forty Mile Strip" was 10,531. In Mar. 1844, less than tiv© 
years afterward, the population of liOe County was only 'JTo below that number, as shown by the 
followiiig census statement, compiled by townships: 

Green Bay Township 443 

Washington " 708 

Van Buren •• 527 

Pleasant Hidge '• 500 

Montrose " •• 1,080 

Harrison ■ 497 

Charleston • 76S 

Madison •• 1,11S 

Jefferson • 435 

West Point •• I.IIS 

Denmark • 528 

Franklin •• 489 

Des Moines •• 608 

Jackson •• 1,011 

Marion " 446 

Total 10,256 

A second Convention was held in May, lS4ti. The first Convention was 
composed of seventy members, and the second one of thirty-two members. 
Under the laAv calling the second Convention, approved January IT, 1846, Lee 
County was entitled to three members of the Convention. The election of 
Delegates occurred at the April election, and George Berry, Josiah Kent and 
David Galland, all Democrats, Avere elected from Lee County. 

T'he last meeting of the Board of County Commissioners under Territorial 
authority was held on the 10th day of November, 1846, and Avas principally 
devoted to the examination and allowance of accounts against the county. 
Their last orders were in these words and figures : 

Ordered, By the Boai-d, that the following-named sums be allowed the same set opposite 
their names, for services : 

Jesse O'Neil, Commissioner, 2 days, at $2.50 per day |5 00 

Thomas Chinowith, Commissioner, 2 days, at $2.50 per day 5 00 

Amos McMillan, Commissioner, 2 davs, at $2.50 per day 5 (X) 

Eli Stoddard, Clerk, 2 davs. at $2....'. 4 00 

Peter Miller, Sheritl', 2 days, at $1 2 00 

Ordered, That the Board adjourn until January 4, 1847. 

TtioMAS Chinowith, 
Jkssk O'Nkh,, 
Amos McMillan, 

Eu Stoihiakw Clerk: Commissionera. 

STATE OF IOWA. 

The transition from Territorial dependency to State independency was easy, 
and involved no change in the management of county aftairs. The regular 
Januarv meeting of the Board of County Commissioners was governed by the 
same rules that previously prevailed, and evei'y thing went along as smoothly as 
if ** nothing had happened." The business Avas of the same nature — granting 
road views, auditing and allowing bills against the county, granting licenses to 
merchants, grocers, etc. Their last meeting was held on the 5th day of August, 
1851. H. W. Hughes, William Skinner and John Crippin were the last rep- 
resentatives of the legal bodv knoAvn as a Board of Countv Commissioners. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 455 



COUNTY COURT. 



In 1851, a County Court was created (see Code of Iowa, 1851, chap. 15). 
The act creating tlie Court gave the County Judge jurisdiction of probate 
affairs and clothed him with all the powers previously exercised by the Board 
of County Commissioners. Jn short, it legislated the Commissioners out of 
existence. By the same act, the offices of County Treasurer and County Recorder 
were consolidated. 

The first election for county officers under the new dispensation was held 
on the first Monday in August, 1851. EdAvard Johnstone was elected County 
Judge, and Robert McFarland was elected Treasurer and Recorder. The first 
entries on the "• Minute-Book of the County Judge and County Court of Lee 
County, Iowa," are as follows : 

Edward Johnstone, County Judge elect, in and for said county, qualified 
by taking the oath of office, 20th August, A. D. 1851, which oath was filed in 
the office of the County Treasurer of said county. 

August 21, 1851. 

William Henry Temple to Mary Jane Alexander. — Application for a 
license for the marriage of said persons having this day been made to the 
Judge of the County Court, and proof of their competent age and condition 
being given under oath by G. W. Merithcr, and a receipt being presented from 
the County Treasurer therefor for the sum of one dollar, a license was there- 
upon issued. 

The same day, Robert McFarland ((ualified as Treasurer and Recorder. As 
Treasurer, he was required to give bond in the penal sum of |25,000. William 
Skinner, John Crippin, H. W. Hughes, J. C. Walker, Thomas S. Espy and 
H. M. Salmon were his sureties. As Recorder, he was required to give bond 
in the sum of $2,000. Philotus Cowles and R. McHenry were sureties on his 
Recorder's bond. 

These officers were separated in 1865. Mr. Johnstone served four years as 
County Judge, and was succeeded by Samuel Boyles, who qualified on the 16th 
day of August, 1855, and entered upon the duties of the office. 

Judge Boyles continued to serve until the management of county affairs was 
transferred to a Board of County Supervisors. The last entry under. his juris- 
diction as County Judge appears under date of January 5, 1861. 



FROM ONE EXTREME TO ANOTHER. 

THE TOWNSHIP SYSTEM. 

On the 22d of March, 1860, the State Legislature passed an act entitled 
" An act creating a Board of Supervisors, and defining their duties " (see Revis- 
ion of Iowa, page 48). This law went into eff'ect July 4, 1860, and provided 
for the election of one Supervisor from each civil township. When assembled 
together for the transaction of county business, these town representatives were 
known as the Board of County Supervisors. 

This system had its origin in Massachusetts, and dates back to 1635. The 
first legal enactment concerning this system provided that, whereas, " particu- 
lar towns have many things which concern only^ themselves, and the ordering 
of their own affairs and disposing of business in their own town," therefore, 
'' the freemen of every town, or the major part of them, shall only have power 
to dispose of their own lands and woods, with all the appurtenances of said 



156 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

towns, to grant lots, and to make such orders as may concern the well-ordering 
of their own towns, not repugnant to the laws and orders established by the 
General Court."* They might also impose fines of not more than twenty shil- 
lings, and ''choose their own particular officers, as Constables, Surveyoi's for 
the highways, and the like." Evidently this enactment relieved the Greneral 
Court of a mass of municipal details, without any danger to the powers of that 
body in controlling general measures of public" policy. Probably, also, a 
demand from the freemen of the towns was felt for the control of their own 
home concerns. 

Similar provisions for the incorporation of towns were made in the first 
Constitution of Connecticut, adopted in 1639 ; and the plan of township organ- 
ization became universal throughout New England, and came westward with the 
emigrants from New England into New York, Ohio, and other Western States, 
includiuii; the northern part of Illinois : and there beiuir a lariio New England 
element among the population of Iowa, it is fair to presume that their intluence 
secured the adoption of this system in Iowa, as created in the act already quoted. 
One objection urged against the county system (throe Commissioners) was that 
the heavily-populated districts would always control the election of the Commis- 
sioners, to the disadvantage of the more thinly populated sections — in short, 
that, under that system, equal and exact justice to all parts of the county could 
not be secured. 

The first Board of County Supervisors for Lee County was elected on Sec. 6, 
in , 1860, and was composed as follows : 

Green Bay Township, James D. Gedney : Denmark, Daniel T. Brown ; 
Pleasant Ridge, George E. Stevenson ; Marion, Joseph G. Street ; Cedar, 
Thomas G. Stephenson ; Harrison, Charles H. Leggett ; Franklin, James A. 
Davis : West Point, John Arthur ; Washington, Daniel McCready ; Madison, 
Charles Frederick; Jefferson, Willi im Skinner; Charleston, A. C. Hankins ; 
Van Buren, Lewis Stone ; Des Moines, Johnson Meek ; Montrose, Garry Lewis ; 
Jackson, Arthur Bridgman and Jasper A. Yiall. In drawing for terms, Messrs. 
Street, Stephenson, Leggett, Davis, Frederick, Skinner, Lewis and Viall drew 
for two years. The others drew for one year each. 

In ballotting for Chairman, McCready received nine votes and Leggett 
received seven votes. Mr. McCready was declared elected. Erie S. Leach, 
Clerk of the District Court, was Clerk to the Board. 

Rules and regulations, equal in length to the rules and regulations govern- 
ing a State Legislature, were spread upon the minutes. Committees were 
appointed on almost every conceivable subject, and in every respect the Board 
was about as cumbersome and unwieldy as a State Legislature. 

The system, however, did not long find favor with the people of the State, 
and, in 1871, was almost entirely abrogated. At least, the law was so far 
repealed or modified that the Board of County Supervisors was reduced from 
(Mie member from each civil township, to three members from the entire county 
(see Code of Iowa, Chapter '2). From the time this law went into effect, in 
1871, there has been no change in public management. The County Auditor 
is Clerk to the Board of Supervisors. The first Board under the system now 
in force was composed of J. P. Hornish, Edward Courtright and William Davis. 
The first meeting of the Board was held on the second day of January, 1871. 

*The New England i-olouies wore fii-st govovued by a " General Court," or Legislature, composed of a Go%'eruor 
and a small council, which Court consisted of the most iufluautial inhabitants, and possessed and exercised both legis- 
lative and judicial powers, which were linute.i only by the wisdom of the holdei-s. They made laws, ordered their 
execution by otHcers, tried and decided civil and criminal cases, enacted all manner of manicipU rei^ulations, and, in 
fact, transacted all the public business of the colony. 






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HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 459 

DISTRICT COURT. 

FIRST TERM — NOTES AND INCIDENTS. 

The first term of the District Court held in Lee County convened at Fort 
Madison, March 27, 1837, David Irvin, Associate Justice of the Territorial 
Supreme Court, who had been assigned to the Second Judicial District, com- 
posed of the counties of Dubuque and Des Moines, presiding. Francis Grehon, 
United States Marshal for the Territory, and Joshua Owens, Sheriff of Lee 
County, present. The first order of the Court appointed John H. Lines Clerk, 
and W. W. Chapman, afterward delegate to Congress, Prosecuting Attorney, 
pro tern. A venire facias was issued by the Court, and directed to the United 
States Marshal, and a grand jury summoned forthwith, consisting of the fol- 
lowing-named persons : Isaac Johnson, John Gregg, Isaac Briggs, E. D. 
Ayres, Williami Anderson, Samuel Morrison, Peter P. Jones, William Ritchie, 
Henry Hawkins, George Herring, Richard Dunn, Edwin Guthrie, Jesse Dickey, 
Calohill E. Stone, David Wright, John Stephens, George W. Ball, Benjamin 
Brattan, Joseph Skinner, Garrett I. Wood, John R. Shaver and James 
McAlleny. 

The same persons were summoned by the Sheriff to serve as a grand 
jury, to look into offenses committed in Lee County. None of them were 
found qualified to act, and they were discharged ; and, it appearing to the 
satisfaction of the Court that a proper number of grand jurors could not 
be procured, the Marshal and Sheriff were discharged from summoning 
others. 

The only business done at this term of Court was the approval of the bond 
of Aaron White, and granting him permission to keep a ferry at Fort Madison. 
His bond was in the sum of $1,000, with Josepli S. Douglass and Garrett I. 
Wood as sureties. The rates of ferriage were fixed as follows : Each footman, 
12J cents ; man and horse, 37 J cents ; wagon and two horses, $1 ; each addi- 
tional horse, 25 cents; loose cattle, each, 12| cents; hogs, sheep, etc., Q\ 
cents ; wagon and yoke of oxen, $1. 

The grand jury summoned were allowed for one day's service, the Marshal 
and Prosecuting Attorney each two days and two hundred miles travel. After 
a session of two days, the Court adjourned until the next regular term. 

This Court was held in a room prepared for the purpose, in the " Madison 
House," built by John H. Knapp, and managed, at the time, by Joseph S. 
Douglass, his son-in-law. 

August 28, 1837, the second term of Court was held, with the same officers 
as at the previous term. Samuel Ross, Jesse Wilson, P. P. Jones, John Gregg, 
Campbell Gilmore, Jesse O'Neil, John Box, William Tyrell, Lorenzo Bullard, 
Leonard P. Parker, John G. Kennedy, Abraham Hunsicker, George Herring, 
William Anderson, Benjamin Brattan, E. D. Ayres, Henry Hawkins, Johnson 
J. Phares, John Stephenson, Aaron White, Josepli Skinnor, Joseph S. Doug- 
lass, Thomas Small, Jr., and John L. Cotton, grand juroi^s. E. D. Ayres 
was made Foreman of the grand jury, and Philip Viele, Prosecuting Attor- 
ney. 

The grand jury returned sixty-two indictments, of which fifty-six were for 
gaming, three for assault, one for injuring cattle, and two for assault with intent 
to kill ; both of which latter were against Wade Hampton Rattan. The cases 
against Rattan were called at the April term of Court, 1839, but he did not 
appear, and default was entered. 



460 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

In a letter written by Hawkins Taylor, Esq.. and published in the A7inals 
of Iowa, July, 1871, personal mention is made of the officers and grand jurors 
of the two tirst Courts, which is here inserted : 

Judge Ivvin was originally tVoui Virgiiiia, but had beou appointed a Judge t'oi- the Territory 
of Mioliigau, and presided in that part of the Territory now Wisconsin. Irvin was a man of 
ability, without the ordinary vices of that day; he decided promptly and correctly. Few, if 
any, better .Judges ever presided in that district. He was, and is, a bachelor, now living iu 
Texas. When Iowa was made a Territory, Irvin went back to Wisconsin and remained on the 
bench until 1841. when he was removed by President Harrison ; after which he went to Texas, 
where he has lived since. He was a hard rebel during the war. 

(.■■hapiuau, at'ier being the tirst delegate in Congress, wont to Oregon, whei*e he now resides. 
Ciehon, the Marshal, is dead. Owens went to Calit'ornia, where he still resides as a respectable, 
good citi/en. Lines, tl\e Clerk, after holding the clerkship for luany years, went to Oregon, 
weere he died in a few years' time, leaving his family comfortable, so far as the things of this 
world are concerned. Of the grand jury, Gregg, Uriggs. Stephenson, Brattan. White and Ross 
all went to Oregon. Ayres, Anderson, Hawkins, Herring, Dunn, Guthrie, iMcAlleny, Parker, 
Hunsicker. Pouglass, \yilson, Gilmore, O'Neil and Small are all dead. Wright still lives at West 
Point, and is as full of Democracy now as then. 

The third and last term of Court held in Lee County, while a part of the 
Territory of Wisconsin, was commenced in Fort Madison April 2, 1838 : the 
same Judge and other officers us at the previous term. 

The grand jurors were Theophilus Bullard. James McAUeny, Joseph White, 
Abraham Hunsicker, llobert Herring, James T. Dinwiddie, William D. Knapp, 
Joseph M. Woods, Isaac Johnson, Charles M. Jennings, John Granter, Jesse 
Dickey, Henry D. Davis, John Gregg, Jefferson Chitwood, William P. Hoag- 
land, Lewis Pitman. Alfred F. Kennedy, Benjamin Thonuis and Hawkins 
Taylor. The lawyers in attendance at that Court were J. W. Woods, David 
Rorer, Henry Eno, M. D. Browning. James W, Grimes and Franklin Perrin. 
At the suggeston of Judge A'iele. the Prosecuting Attorney, James T. Din- 
widdie was made Foreman of the grand jury. 

Mr. Taylor continues : 

Dinwiddie was a hard-working blacksn\iih, living a tew miles below town, an honest man, 
a Keutuckian by laifi/i^/, a man of powerful will and constitution, a good tighter, and able to man- 
age a large supply oi whisky and still wield the sledge-hammer: but when tht> jury retired to 
the gai-ret of the •' Madison House," where Court was held, the Foreman had much more than 
his usual supply. Maj. Herring moved that Hawkins Taylor act as Secretary for the jury. This 
the t'oreiaan took as a direct insult, and declared that he "could do all the writing needed by 
the jury," and at once demanded that, if any one was to be indicted, " bring tlieni in." 

The first case presented was the steamboat "Bee." The oftense was the taking-off of obi 
man Kellogg, Deputy Sheriff, who had gone on board to serve an attachment on the boat, when 
the Captain cut his line, backed out, and took the officer down to Warsaw, where he only rau 
near enough to the shore to allow him to jump otf. Kellogg was a weakly, timid, good old man. 
When ho appeared before the grand jury, the Foreman took his pen and marked down the case, 
and then turning to the witness, said with great earnestness, " U'^crc /,« the aieamboat Bee/" To 
this the witness could give no positive information, as he had not seen her since the previous fall. 
The foreman then said bitterly : " If you want the steamboat l>eo indicted, brine/ her up here, 
briiu; her tq' here. She may be gone to the devil, or she may be gone to I'exas. If yon want her 
indicted, brinff her up here." and at once commenced to tear up the memorandum that he had 
made, saying loudly, but to himself, "No bill, no bill," and then turning to the witness, "You 
may go;" and he went, apparently, with about as much feeling of relief as when he escaped 
from the steamer the fall before. 

Several other cases were brought up and disposed of by the Foreman in the same sumtnary 
manner, one beitig a case of James Fike for ati assault with intent to kill made on George Per- 
kins, a peaceable, good citizen. In this case the Foreman found a true bill. 

The next morning, sentinels were placed below town to meet the Foreman and get him into 
the jury-room before he had an opportunity to take more whisky than he could manage. The 
plan was successful, and after that there was no trouble with the Foreman. But there were many 
amusing incidents that took place in the jury -room. Amongst them, Henry D. Davis, who was a 
member of the jury, tried to indict Morehead (^whohad, while in jail, cut up and destroyed his 
leather) for breaking jail. Davis proved by Isaac Johnson, atiother juror, that Morehead was in 
the habit of crawling into the Jail at night: in fact, that he went out and iu when he wanted to. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 461 

At this term of Court all the indictments found at the previous term, with 
two or three exceptions, were dismissed, as being defective. 



CRIMINAL MENTION. 

Since the organization of Lee County, December 7, 1836, and the second term 
of Court in August, 1887, as many as fifty indictments for murder have been, 
returned. Out of this number, there have been but few convictions, and in only 
one case has the death-sentence been pronounced. The sentence, however, was 
never carried into execution. The sentence was in these words, as shown by 
the records at Fort Madison : 

State of Iowa vs. Philip Nash, June 4, 1859, District Court. Trial on 
indictment for murder. This being the day set for sentence, it is adjudged by 
the Court that the said Philip Nash be taken hence to the Jail of the county of 
Lee, from whence he came, and thence to the place of execution in said county, 
and that he be there hanged by the neck until he is dead ! dead ! ! dead ! ! ! 

Thereupon the Court issued the following Avarrant to the Sheriff: 

" These are therefore in the name and by the authority of the State of Iowa, 
to command you that on Friday, the 30th day of December, 1859, between the 
hours of 9 o'clock in the forenoon and 4 o'clock in the afternoon of said day, 
you take the said Philip Nash to some convenient place of execution in said 
county, and there and then execute the judgment of this Court against said 
Philip Nash by the neck until he is Bead ! Bead ! ! Bead ! ! ! 

Nash broke jail before the time of execution and has not since been heard 
from. 



A DOUBLE MURDER. 

THE GRAESER TRAGEDY. 

On the morning of the 15th day of March, 1878, the people of Fort Mad- 
ison were startled by the announcement of a horrible murder, robbery and arson 
the night before, five miles west of the city, in Jefferson Township, and not far 
from where John Miller and Henry Leiza were murdered by the Hodges in 
1845. The victims of this double murder were an aged German couple named 
Henry and Margaret Graeser, who had settled where the murder was committed 
some thirty years ago. By patient industry and that frugality which is charac- 
teristic of the German people, they had amassed a handsome little fortune, a 
considerable part of which was in ready money, and which they had loaned out 
to different individuals. But having met with quite a loss by the failure of one 
firm to whom they had made a loan, and several banks failing about the same 
time, they called in their loans and thereafter kept their money in the house. At 
the time of the murder it Avas supposed they had about |I4,000 on hand and hidden 
away somewhere in the house. 

The spot where stood the dwelling of this childless old couple stood, is one 
of the most lonely imaginable. The house stood on an eminence, a short 
distance back from the road, and was surrounded by the forest. Between 10 
and 11 o'clock on the night of the 14th of March, Jacob Graeser, a brother of 
the murdered man. who lived a short distance away, saw his brother's house in 
flames. He hurried to the burning building. When he arrived there, he found 
no signs of human life, and awoke the silent echoes of the night by calling the 



4G2 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

names of Henry and Margaret, but no answer came to his eagerly listening ears. 
Himself an old and feeble man, he hastened away to Cameron's, the next nearest 
neighbor, and gave the alarm. John and Samuel Cameron went with him to 
the burning house, and for an hour or more they sought everywhere for the old 
people, but sought in vain. At last, from one particular place near the door of 
the house, a blue flame Avas seen coming from a pile of burning material, to 
which they directed their attention. Cutting forks from the nearest tree, they 
commenced exploring the burning heap, and finally drew out the half-consumed 
bodies of the murdered victims. 

News of the horrible aftair was carried to other neighbors, and the excite- 
ment became intense, and it was not long until every neighbor in the vicinity 
was at th^ scene of the tragedy. An examination of the debris was soon com- 
menced, when it was discovered that the furniture, bedding, etc., had been piled 
upon the bodies of the poor old couple, and then set on fi.re. Prodding around 
amon"- the rubbisli, a revolver was uncovered, one chamber of which had 
evidently been discharged by a human hand, and the pistol left at full-codk. 
This discovery, added to the fact that keys were found in trunks, chest and 
drawer-locks, with the bolts drawn back, left no doubt that the triple crime of 
murder, robbery and arson had been committed. 

The tracks of two men were found approaching the house that seemed to 
have been made by cautious walkers. A further search showed tracks made by 
the same feet, leaving the house on a run, some of the tracks being as much as 
seven feet apart. Speculation was rife as to who the fiendish perpretators might 
be. Certain evidences and suspicious circumstances pointed to one Henry Weese 
and Fred. Knoch, two brothers-in-law, and toward evening, M. S. Chamberlin, a 
citizen of Fort Madison, filed an information before William Conlee, a Justice 
of the Peace of Jefferson Township, charging these two men with the murder. 
A warrant was issued and placed in the hands of Constable James Bullard, Jr., 
Avho summoned a posse comitatiis, and started to take the suspected criminals 
into custody. Just before they reached Knoch's house, they heard the discharge 
of a pistol, which, as afterward proven, was fired by these as a signal to know 
if the coast was clear before Weese ventured to the house. 

Constable Bullard and W. W. Vanattan went into the house and made the 
arrests. When Weese was told they had a Avarrant for him, he replied, " I was 
expecting it, but not so soon." Weese and Knoch were taken to the house of 
Justice of the Peace Conlee, and then to Union Schoolhouse for examination. 
By this time, the night was well advanced, and John Bullard and Alexander 
Bullard volunteered to go to Fort Madison for attorneys for the defendants, and 
also for the State. It was nearly daylight when they returned with W. C. 
Hobbs for the State, and J. M. Hamilton for the defendants. 

xlfter the arrests, a large amount of silver coin was found in the pockets of 
Weese's overcoat, but no further search was made until after the arrival of the 
attorneys, wdien Constable Bullard and Vanattan made a further search, Avhich 
resulted in finding over $1,900 Avhich Weese had hidden away in seven different 
pockets. Ho had on two pairs of pantaloons, the pockets of Avhich were filled 
with carelessly rolled up bank bills. The money was musty, and gave indica- 
tions of havino- been packed away among old clothing for a long time. At this 
discovery, Wees6 waived an examination and was sent to jail. Knoch's exam- 
ination took place in the afternoon, and, while there were many strongly suspi- 
cious circumstances against him, the positive alihi proved by his wife and 
mother-in-law overcame them, and he was discharged from custody. Many of 
the spectators disbelieved the testimony of his Avife and her mother, but in the 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 463 

absence of positive contradictory evidence or impeachment the magistrate could 
not do otherwise. 

Some time afterward, Daniel Weese, a brother of Henry, was arrested and 
examined. The main circumstance that led to his arrest was the fact of his 
paying out a $50 bill — more money than he was ever known to handle before. 
On his examination, however, he brought two Avitnesses from Clark County, 
Mo., who testified that he received a bill of that denomination for cattle during 
the preceding fall. It was contended by the State that it was unreasonable to 
suppose that the defendant, whose house and everything in it had been 
destroyed by fire some time before, and whose family had been quartered upon the 
charity of neighbors, would keep a |50 bill through all those days of misfortune, 
even if it were true that he had received one in Missouri the preceding fall. The 
Justice before whom he was examined decided, however, that the evidence was 
not sufiicient to hold him, and he was discharged. 

A few nights after Henry Weese was sent to jail, a demand was made upon 
Deputy Sheriff Joseph A. Nunn by a band of about one hundred armed and 
masked men for the person of the prisoner, or the keys of the Jail, both of which 
were firmly refused. Fortunately, Dr. A. C. Roberts, editor of the Fort Madi- 
son Democrat, and formerly Mayor of the city, resided near the Jail, and being 
made aware of the attempt, went and addressed the mob. The Doctor's great 
popularity with the people, his determined stand and strong arguments in favor 
of laAv and order, prevailed, and the crowd thought better of it and dispersed, 
leaving the law to take its course. On account of this attempt to take Weese 
out of the custody of the officers charged with his safe-keeping, Weese was sent 
to the Penitentiary to await the action of the grand jury and the sitting of the 
District Court. 

At the April term, 1878, of the District Court at Fort Madison, two 
indictments for murder in the first degree were found against Henry Weese, one 
for the murder of Margaret Graeser and one for the murder of Henry Graeser. 
Weese was arraigned and pleaded " not guilty." He was represented by J. M. 
and J. D. M. Hamilton, and the State by the District Attorney, Hon. D. N, 
Sprague, assisted by Casey & Hobbs. 

An application for a change of venue, on the grounds of excitement and 
prejudice against the prisoner, was made, and the case and motion were con- 
tinued to the December term. At the December term, the motion for change 
of venue was pressed, the law firm of J. & S. K. Tracy then appearing for the 
defendant in addition to the counsel already named. The change was granted, 
and the case was sent to the District Court of Des Moines County, at Burling- 
ton. 

THE TRIAL. 

At the January term, 1879, of the District Court of Des Moines County, 
the cause of the State of Iowa vs. Henry Weese, for the murder of Margaret 
Graeser w-as specially set for the second Monday of the term ; and, accordingly, 
on the 13th day of January, a jury was impaneled and the trial began. 

The State was represented by the District Attorney, Hon. T. A. Bereman, 
ex-District Attorney, Hon. D. N. Sprague, Casey & Hobbs and Miller & Sons ; 
the defendant, by J. M. Hamilton, J. D. M. Hamilton, of Fort Madison, J. & S. 
K. Tracy and J. W. C. Jones, of Burlington. 

The trial was one of thrilling interest, lasting from Monday morning at 9 
o'clock till Saturday evening at 5 o'clock. During the entire trial, the court- 
room was densely packed with spectators, all anxious to get sight of the prisoner 
and to hear the testimony. The appearance of Weese produced a decidedly 



464: HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

unfavorable impression. He was a large, muscular man, with dark complexion, 
retreating forehead, and a low and brutal expression, and evidently of a low 
order of intellect. The evidence against him, with the exception of a confession 
made to a convict in the Penitentiary, was entirely circumstantial, but the links 
were all connected and pointed unerringly to his guilt. The most important 
circumstance was the positive identification of a silver quarter found in posses- 
sion of the defendant by Jacob Graeser, This was a Mexican coin, old and 
worn, and stamped with the name of "• T. Smith." Jacob Graeser identified 
this coin as one shown to him some years before by Margaret Graeser as a keep- 
sake she had received a long time before, from a gentleman in Baltimore, whose 
name it bore. 

The examination of witnesses on the part of the State was conducted by 
Hon. D. X. Sprague, and the examination was masterly. Nothing escaped 
him, and nothing that any of the witnesses knew material to the case was left 
undeveloped. 

The evidence was all in at 11:30 o'clock on Friday, and Hon. T. A. Beremau 
opened the case for the State, speaking till the adjourimient of Court at 12:30. 
At 1:30 Court re-opened, and Mr. Bereman continued speaking for an hour 
longer. His argument is said to have been able, logical and convincing, and, 
although on account of a sore throat, he was not able to speak loud enough for 
all the audience to hear, yet from the attention given by the jury, all could see 
that he was making his points tell. 

The defense throughout the entire trial was conducted with great 
skill and ability, and nothing that could be done for the defendant was left 
undone. 

At the close of Mr. Bereman's argument, the jury was addressed by J. M. 
Hamilton on the part of the defense. JMr. Hamilton spoke an hour and a 
quarter, and his effort was highly complimented by those who heard it. Hon. 
J. Tracy then commenced his argument for the defense, and spoke until the 
hour of adjournment. At 9 o'clock Saturday morning, Mr. Tracy resumed 
and did not conclude until half-past 12, making altogether a speech of 
nearly five hours. This argument Avas a masterly effort. The acquired experi- 
ence and accumulated power of many years at the bar were brought to bear in 
that argument, and at its close the prisoner's chances for acquittal seemed better 
than at any time during the trial, and even his indifferent expression and 
stolid look seemed changed to one of positive cheerfulness. 

At 1:30 o'clock P. M., W. C. Hobbs commenced the closing argument for 
the State, and closed at 4:40. During the delivery of Mr. Hobbs' speech, the 
court-room was more densely packed with people than it had been at any other 
time during the exciting trial. Many were attracted to the court-room on 
account of the wide-spread reputation of the speaker. All expected to heai- a 
great effort, and none were disappointed. 

A gentleman of judgment, and one who has attended many criminal trials 
in the State of Iowa, and who was present while Mr. Hobbs was speaking, says : 
'' Mr. Hobbs met the position taken and theories advanced by defendant's coun- 
sel with the most logical arguments and irrefutable reasoning ever presented 
to a court and jury in the State. From first to last, his speech embodied an 
array of facts and logical conclusions that no sophisti-y could oppose, and con- 
vinced all of his hearers that AVeese was guilty. The closing portion of his 
speech abounded in the most pathetic and thrilling eloquence, coupled with facts 
and blended with arguments that fully established his reputation as a profound 
reasoner, as well as a polished orator." 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 465 

The Court's charge occupied some twenty minutes in the reading, and at 
5 o'clock the jury retired. At 8 o'clock the following morning (Sunday), the 
jury returned a verdict of guilty. A motion for a new trial followed shortly 
afterward, which the Court overruled, defendant excepting, and Henry Weese- 
was sentenced to the Penitentiary of the State at Fort Madison for the term of 
his natural life. He was taken to the Penitentiary, and, as he put on the con- 
vict's uniform, he remarked, " It is no fault of mine that the Court didn't sen- 
tence me for twenty- five years longer." 

Henry Weese barely escaped death from the scaftold, as the crime for which 
he was convicted was committed before the law restoring the death-penalty went 
into effect. 



MORMONISM AND MORMON OUTRAGES. 

JO SMITH, THE PROPHET AND RELIGIOUS IMPOSTOR. 

The greatest mountebank and impostor that ever disgraced the cause of 
Christian religion, by professing acknowledgment of its sublime truths, in any 
day or age of its existence, from the birth of Christ to the present, was Jo 
Smith, the Mormon Prophet, whose near presence and devilish teachings caused 
a reign of terror to exist for several years in Lee County. His power and 
influence for evil to the honest settlers was all the greater, because of the fact 
that a number of his disciples were located in difTerent parts of the county, 
and, under the garb of honesty, seemed intent upon making farms, or pursuing 
other callings of peaceful industry, when, in fact, they were only wolves in 
sheep's clothing, watching and seeking whom they might devour. 

Jo Smith, the Prophet and founder of the Mormon Church of Latter-Day 
Saints, was born at Windsor, Vt., on the 23d day of December, 1805. In 
April, 1815, when he was not quite ten years of age, his parents removed from 
Vermont to Wayne County, N. Y., and settled at Palmyra. In March, 1820, 
a Rev. Mr. Lane, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was conducting a revival 
meeting at Palmyra, and the embryo prophet professed a change of heart. 
Although he was only about fifteen years of age at that time, the traits of char- 
acter that made him so notorious in after-life began to be wonderfully devel- 
oped. Soon after his conversion, he claimed to have received a revelation from 
on high, and stated that, while engaged in prayer in the woods, the power of 
the Holy Ghost fell upon him, and that God, the Father, and Jesus Christ, the 
Son, appeared unto him, saying that his sins were forgiven him ; that all the 
old Christian organizations and denominations were wrong, and that he was 
chosen of the Lord to re-instate His Kingdom and re-establish His Gospel on 
earth. When Smith communicated these revelations to his associates and 
neighbors, there were those who believed him, and straightway he became a 
kind of prophet in their midst. Even then, he understood the weaknes:es and 
religious superstitions of mankind, and he determined to make these weaknesses 
profitable unto himself 

Smith kept up his faith until September, 1823, when he fell from grace, 
and, for a season, he indulged in drunkenness, lying, swindling and cheating. 
Then, Avhile he slept, messengers of the Lord again appeared, and a second 
revelation Avas made unto him. This time he was given to see the hiding-place 
of a history of the ancient people of America, which Avas engraved on plates of 
sold. The angel directed him whei'e to find this hidden treasure, the embryo 
prophet again reformed, and, on the 22d of September, he went and digged at 



466 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

the place indicated by the angels, and lo ! he found the plates. The place has 
been described as on a hillside, between Manchester and Palmyra. When 
the earth was removed, a stone box first appeared. When he attempted 
to take the box from its secret place, a great conflict arose between 
the devil and the angels that surrounded Smith. The angels conquered, and 
the box was given into Smith's keeping. When the box was opened, the 
plates were revealed to his sight, and his fame and power increased. 

About 1828 or 1829, the plates were translated by Oliver Cowdry, acting 
as clerk, who, with himself. Smith declared to have been baptized by John the 
Baptist, who also appeared unto them and ordained them as priests, and com- 
manded them to baptize and ordain each other. 

In 1830, the Mormon Church was founded, and in June, of that year, 
held its first Conference at Fayette, N. Y., Joseph Smith, the Prophet, presid- 
ing. In August, Parley P. Pratt and Sidney Rigdon were converted to 
Mormonism. Pratt and Rigdon were sent out to spread the doctrines of the 
new church. Rigdon, in his perambulations, came to Kirtland, Ohio, w^here 
he succeeded in awakening a great revival interest. Many people were con- 
verted and gave their adhesion to the doctrines first proclaimed by Jo Smith. 
In January, 1831, the Church, through Smith, its prophet, was commanded to 
establish itself at Kirtland, and there gather all the saints and found and build 
a temple. In May of the same year, the Elders of the Church were sent out 
by twos to preach the Gospel according to Smith, while Smith started a bank 
called "The Kirtland Safety Society Bank." He also started a store, and 
Bishop Whitney built a mill. In March, 1832, the bank failed, and on the 
22d of that month Smith was tarred and feathered by the people upon whom 
he had imposed and whom he defrauded. It is impossible to follow the arrant 
impostor in all his transactions, and only a few of his most prominent acts 
are here quoted as a preface to his appearance at Nauvoo, and the outrages 
that wer.e perpetrated on the people of Lee County through his devilish teach- 
ings and influence. 

The temple commenced at Kirtland, in 1831, went on to completion in 1886. 
About the time the bank failed and Smith received his coat of tar and feathers, 
Rigdon and a number of the other high Church officials fled from Kirtland. 
and it was not long until Smith received another revelation, in which he was 
shown that the "promised land" was in Western Missouri. He was com- 
manded to remove to Independeitce, in Jackson County (a few miles below 
Kansas City), and there establish a ncAv Zion. In 1834, nearly all the Kirt- 
land band had followed him there, and the erection of a second temple was 
commenced on what is now known as "Temple Hill," the name coming from 
the commencement of the temple at that place. A few years ago, the founda- 
tions of the temple, which were laid early in 1839, were still traceable. The 
site was a very beautiful one, and, in Ibtl, had not been occupied with build- 
ings. The space was open and used for show purposes. But trouble came 
upon Smith and his people there, as it did at Kirtland. They incurred the 
enmity of the Missourians, and were finally foi'ccd to abandon their promised 
Zion and seek refuge from "persecution" elsewhere. 

On the 9th of May, 1839, Dr. Isaac Galland presented Smith with a large 
tract of land at Commerce, 111. Then Smith had another . revelation. The 
angels of the Lord again appeared unto him and told him that there he should 
found another Zion and build a new temple. He caused a town to be laid out, 
which he called Nauvoo. He called the saints from the ends of the earth, and 
sold them town lots at fabulously-high prices. In 1811, Nauvoo was incorpo- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 467 

rated, the Nauvoo Legion was organized, Jo Smith was made Lieutenant Gen- 
eral, and the corner-stone of the new temple was laid with great military 
pomp and display. At one time during his reign, he mustered 6,000 men in 
line, all well armed and equipped, which were passed in review by Gen.^ 
Singleton. 

Lieut. Gen, Smith had a numerous staff of high rank, and "it was amus- 
ing," says an eye-witness of the times and events, " to see the gaudy uniforms, 
gilt buttons, gold lace and shoulder-straps they wore. They represented every 
rank from Major General down to Lieutenant Colonel. He had an army of 
staff officers, and his parades were never surpassed. On grand review 
occasions, Lieut. Gen. Joseph Smith was invariably accompanied by a large 
number of ladies — the pick and choice of Nauvoo — on horse-back." 

Smith's Nauvoo charter was a strong one, carefully worded and conferring 
extravagant and dangerous powers upon the Mayor and other city officers. As 
an instance, it gave the Mayor power to try writs of habeas corpus, so that 
when a Mormon was arrested for any crime, no matter how infamous, he was 
always sure of acquittal and discharge. The Mormons were a political power 
in Illinois, and neither the Whig nor the Democratic parties dare array them in- 
hostility. Their hostility was to be avoided ; their friendship to be courted. 
Both parties were friendly to the Mormons. The members and adherents of 
the Church were recruited from all parts of the world, and included all grades 
and characters of men and women. Jo Smith was the power behind the char- 
ter that guided and directed the choice of not only the city officers, but of 
county officers, members of the Legislature and Congressmen. What Jo Smith 
decreed, the Church and the politicians carried out. Under such circumstances, 
Nauvoo became a breeding-place and a hotbed for outlaws of every character. 
Fugitives from justice from other places, to secure protection not only for past 
offenses but for offenses to be committed in time to come, needed only to iden- 
tify themselves with the Church of Mormon to be assured of protection. For 
such characters, there was always a hiding-place in Nauvoo. If detected for 
unlawful depredations upon honest people who lived abroad, perjurers were 
always in readiness, "as witnesses, to prove an alibi. As the Church increased 
in membership, criminals increased in numbers, and their crimes extended to 
all parts of the country — to the west side of the Mississippi River as well as 
upon the east side. 

From the time Jo Smith secured the incorporation of the city of Nauvoo 
until his tragic death, on the 27th of June, 1844, and until his followers were 
driven from the country by an indignant and outraged people, crime held high 
carnival in all the country roundabout. The lives and property of no anti- 
Mormons were safe. Nauvoo and the Church of Mormon were the great center 
of debauch. Smith planned and directed ; his " saints" executed. But there 
came for him a day of reckoning. On the 6th day of May, 1844, he caused 
the office of the JExpositor newspaper, which had arrayed itself in hostility to 
his measures, plans, purposes and impostures, to be destroyed. The press, 
type and fixtures were hurled into the street or thrown into the river. The 
excitement and indignation of the honest people, which had been gathering 
force under oft-repeated outrages, culminated in a grand uprising at this act. 
The aspect of affairs was threatening in the extreme. The Governor ordered 
out the State militia, of which he took command in person. Smith had been 
arrested on a charge of treason and destroying the liberty of the press. Pend- 
ing a trial of the case, he was taken to Carthage and lodged in jail — more, 
perhaps as a precautionary measure against mob violence than because he could 



468 HlrfTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

not give sufficient bail. While he vras in jail and under guard, the excitement 
was gaining force and strength, and Ford, in his ""History of Illinois," says that 
on the 27 rh of June, 1844. believing that he was about to be attacked and 
murdered. Smith made an attempt to escape through a window of the building 
used as a jail, and was shot to death. Another authority says he was killed 
by a pai'ty of disguised men, upon whom he had first fired with his revolver. 
The last statement, however, does not hold good, in the fact that it is hardly 
probable he was committed to jail in possession of his revolver. 

Only separated from the Mormon center of crime by the Mississippi River, 
and its soil equally as fertile as the soil of Hancock County, it is not strange 
that numbers of Smith's followers and adherents settled in Lee County. Such 
settlement was in the interest of the " Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day 
Saints." 

To make his band of thieves and murderers as effective as possible. Smith 
spared no effort. He had an ingenious mind — in fact, it was a kind of devil's 
work-shop in which all kinds and grades of crime were matured. "When the 
plans were matured, he had his sworn emissaries and determined assassins to 
carry them to successful execution. 

During the time the Mormons remained at Independence, Mo., Smith 
organized a band which he called the " Daughters of Gideon ;" but the name 
was subsequently changed to that of 

THE DANITE BAND. 

This band was composed of the most desperate members of the Church — 
men whose very souls were steeped in blood, and who would scruple at nothing 
commanded by their more desperate leader, the prophet. 

Dan W. Patton, whom Jo Smith styled "" Capt. Fearnot," was first com- 
mander. In a fight with the citizens or militia, under Capt. Bogart, he was 
killed near Richmond, Ray Co., Mo. The Mormons indulged in many Bible 
quotations, and any ignorant, fanatical Mormon could quote Scripture by the 
chapter. Hence, it is not strange that the name of the Danite Band, at one 
time under the leadership of the Mormon Bill Hickman, the terror of Lee 
County, should derive its name from a scriptural quotation. Genesis xlix, 17 : 
^' Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the 
horses* heels so that his rider shall tall backward."" 

When the reign of Jo Smith at Nauvoo was in the zenith of its glory, and 
his power and influence in high feather with the politicians, the Church had no 
less than two thousand members. They held secret meetings of their conclave 
and called themselves the Destroying Angels. They were bound together by 
oaths of the most solemn character, and the punishment of traitors to the order 
was death. John A. Murrell'sband of pirates, who flourished at onetime near 
Jackson, Tenn., and up and down the Mississippi River, above New Orleans, 
was never so terrible as the Danite Band, for the latter was a powerful 
organization, and was above the law. It was ordained of God, who, in a reve- 
lation to Jo Smith, commanded its organization. The band made threats of 
death, and they were not idle threats. The threats were made in terrible 
earnest and carried into terrible execution. They went about on horse-back, 
under cover of darkness, disguised in long white robes, with red girdles. Their 
faces were covered with masks to conceal their identity. Bill Hickman, who 
became Captain of the band, once lived near Nashville. He owned a last and 
blooded stallion, and was frequently absent from home. He was taciturn and 
uncommunicative among his anti-Mormon neia;hbors. and, decided and silent, he 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 469 

came and went like a shadow. Tall, raw-boned, sandy-haired, and of florid 
complexion, he was strong and sinewy. In height, he is represented by those 
who remembor him, as standing about six feet, although he may have been 
taller. He had a cold, piercing gray eye, that proclaimed him a villain 
of the deepest dye, and as one who would hesitate at nothing from petit larceny 
to highway robbery and murder. 

Like a pestilence which stalketh abroad at noonday, he and his fast horse 
were omnipresent on the roads, and at all public gatherings. Wherever he was, 
or whatever his surroundings, he was a keen observer of every passing event, a 
secret spy upon the actions and conversations of the Mormons and Grentiles 
alike. His personal enemies and the enemies of the Mormon Church, which 
he believed — or at least eifected to believe — was made up of the chosen people 
of God, were especial objects of his espionage. He made war upon the Gen- 
tiles to the knife, and from the knife to the hilt. He and his followers seized 
and appropriated their property wherever they found it. Where stealth failed, 
they took it by force. With them, the earth was the Lord's and the fullness 
thereof, and what was the Lord's belonged of right to the Latter-Day Saints. 

It may be proper to remark here that Jo Smith, the founder of the 
Mormon Church, believed in polygamy or a plurality of wives, as did Brig- 
ham Young. Upon this proposition, a division of sentiment came up in 
the church, and young Joseph Smith became the representative of the dis- 
senters or those who were opposed to that system. Young Jo Smith rejected 
the bad and criminal teachings of the first Mormons and their secret, oath- 
bound conclaves, and it is but an act of justice to state that these dissenters who 
refused to follow the New ZionatSalt Lake are good citizens and honest people, 
against whom there is no word of reproach, and that they are in nowise 
answerable for what was done by the Prophet Jo Smith, Bill Hickman and the 
Danite Band of Destroying Angels. 

Bill Hickman and his band would steal before one's eyes in the lightof day. 
If a Mormon coveted the cow or the horse of an honest farmer, he went and 
took it. If he wanted meat, he would enter a smokehouse and take it and 
carry it away. If the outraged farmer resisted, war was made upon him, and 
he was notified to leave the country. If he remained, his property was stolen 
or destroyed and his lite endangered. With them human life was cheap, and 
they did not hesitate to take it. An honest farmer, surrounded by Mormon 
neighbors, had a large lot of wood hauled and corded up. The Danites coveted 
it, and went with wagons to haul it away. The owner shot one of them and 
then fled from the country and never dared to return, as they threatened his 
life. As soon as he left, they appropriated his house, goods and possessions of 
every kind, and kept them until they were driven from the country. 

Thief and murderer was Bill Hickman. It is said that before he became 
notorious as a murderer, he stole a large number of horses from farmers and 
others in diflerent parts of the country. He was caught with one of the stolen 
animals in his possession and arrested. He stole meat from the smokehouse of 
an old man named John Wright, for which he was indicted and sent to jail 
in Lee County, but was never tried. The indictment for this offense is still 
among the papers in the Clerk's ofiice of the District Court. 

In 1843, there were a large number of Mormons and Mormon sympathizers 
in Lee County. The sympathizers were known and called Jack Mormons. 
Their crimes and outrages against thd citizens were numerous and flagrant. 
The gentiles, or anti-Mormons, had no rights they seemed to respect. They 
preyed upon all alike. At last, forbearance ceased to be a virtue. Self-pro- 



470 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

tection demanded prompt and vigorous action, and the citizens arose in their 
might, and determined to drive the outlaws from the country. The ring- 
leaders and those who were able to move away were made to go at once ; those 
who were poor, and more the victims of misplaced faith than naturally evil 
and devilish natures, were permitted to remain, but were kept under close 
surveillance. The last of the tribe left the county in 1847. 

The death of Jo Smith, the Prophet, paralyzed but did not stop their 
depredations.' Robberies and murders were as common as ever. jNIurders for 
money were of the most startling character ever known in the history of any 
country, and the boldness of the perpetrators have never had their equal in the 
annals of crime. As late as '1845, things had come to such a pass that the 
people of the country kept their stable-doors locked and the doors of their 
houses bolted and barred to keep out the threatened intruders against whose 
raids, if they had anything of value, particularly in the way of money or 
jewelry, they could not at any time consider themselves safe. 

Lonely and isolated places were particularly subject to the visitations of 
these midnight marauders, who had their spies in daytime "looking up sights," 
traveling through the country dressed in the homespun garb of farmers, or dis- 
guised as mechanics and laborers, carrying tools of their trade, so as to more 
effectually deceive and delude the unsuspecting. The most atrocious of their 
many devilish deeds occurred in the spring of 1845, and resulted in arousing 
the people to a determination to drive the Mormons from their midst, that the 
country might be freed from the presence of the '' Destroying Angels." 

THE ^[URDEK OF MILLER AND LEIZA. 

About midnight of Saturday, the 10th day of May, 1845, Jacob Abel, who 
lived about three miles southwest of AVest Point, came to the tarm residence of 
Col. William Patterson, about half a mile south of that village, with the intel- 
ligence that his (Abel's) neighbors, John Miller, a Mennonite preacher, and 
Henry Leiza, his son-in-law, had been murdered within the last hour. Col. 
Patterson accompanied Abel to West Point, where the alarm was <:iven. Sheriff 
Estes Avas called up, and in a short time that officer. Col. Patterson and several 
other gentlemen Avere on their Avay to the bloody scene, and arrived there a 
little before daylight. A most horrible sight was presented. '' Old man 
Miller" (says Col. Reid, in his " Sketches and Anecdotes of the Old Settlers 
and New-Comers," heretofore quoted), " w^as found just in front of the door, 
lying dead, stabbed through the heart by a big bowie-knife, and his bloodless 
fiice upturned, looked from his open, glassy eyes with an excited stare upon 
them, like that of a soldier dying in the midst of a charge. A little deep, worn 
path, loading from the house to the smoke-house, was tilled Avith his heart's 
blood, which had flowed into it from the place where he had tallen. He Avas a 
bi-ave man ; had been a soldier, who had seen service in Germany, and died 
fighting for his life in the midst of excitement. Leiza Avas seA'erely wounded, 
but Avas not yet dead. The door, through Avhich was a fresh bullet-hole, was 
yet spattered Avith blood. The last shot fired by the murderers passed tlu'ough 
that door, and, striking him under the shoulder blade, penetrated a vital part, 
and internal hemorrhage caused his death ; but his skull Avas also fractured by 
the cut of a knife. He, too, had resisted, and fought manfully. He Avas a 
stout and powerful young man, in the prime of life. Had the other coAvardly 
son-in-laAv, Jacob Risser, come to the rescue, the murderers and assassins 
Avould have been defeated and repulsed. But he covered up his head in bed 
Avhile the fight Avent on, as he laid still in one corner of the cabin, and. trem- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 471 

bling with fright, let his father-in-law and brother-in-laAV be murdered. Dr. 
Sala was sent for, but pronounced the wounds of Leiza necessarily fatal. 

^ * :|: * * * * 

" The crowd kept coming as the news spread. Parties were formed rapidly, 
and patrolled the country in search of the criminals. The Sheriff" and party, 
mostly Kentuckians, who had lived long on the border, found the tracks of 
three men, and where one of them had evidently been helped away, and had 
washed the blood from himself in a little ravine. A rimless cap was left behind, 
bound around with fur, ' that fatal cap,' as Gen. Reid called it in his speech for 
the prosecution, by which they were identified and convicted, and suffered the 
penalty of death, which they so richly deserved. 

" The leading men in the pursuit were Sheriff" Estes, Col. Patterson, and, 
afterAvard, Hawkins Taylor. 

" Traces of the murderers were found at Everhart's, leading down toward 
Devil Creek bottom, thence by way of Old Grant Reddens, who, with his son 
Jack, afterward became notorious, another favorite stopping-place of the gang, 
when all traces were lost. The Sheriff" and Col. Patterson, who was noAV armed 
with a big horse-pistol, proceeded to Montrose, and, at daylight, aAvokc one 
Williams, landlord of a country tavern, who, seeing the horse-pistol, looked 
alarmed, till he recognized the parties. Their business was made known, and 
soon the news of the murder spread through the village, then filled with Mor- 
mons. Bonney heard of it, or probably knew of it in advance, and came to 
Col. Patterson and asked him if he could see that cap which Sheriff" Estes had 
in his saddle-bags. Patterson and Estes held a consultation, and concluded to 
show it to him. He had no sooner seen it than he said, ' I know that cap as 
well as I know my jack-knife; it belongs to Bill Hodges.' People crowded 
about and tried to find out Avhat was going on, but this conversation was private, 
and heard by none but Patterson and Estes, who now had a clue to the mur- 
derers, whom Bonney asserted must be in Nauvoo. Thither the party, accom- 
panied by others, proceeded in a skiff", rowed by W. S. Ivins, now of Keokuk. 
The two brothers, Stephen and William Hodges, were living Avith their brother 
Amos, all suspicious characters, in the suburbs of the city. On the night of 
the loth of May, with the assistance of one Markham, City Marshal of Nauvoo, 
the house Avas surrounded, and, at daylight, they were arrested and taken before 
a Mormon Justice of the Peace named Johnson. Almon W. Babbitt, a partner 
of George Edmunds, Jr., appeared for the prisoners, and the prosecution 
applied for a continuance till next day, on the pretext of getting Avitnesses from 
loAva. In the mean time, on the 15th of May, 1845, an indictment was pro- 
cured against them at West Point, and, next day, Avhen the preliminary exam- 
ination came on, they Avere confronted Avith the indictment and held to await a 
requisition from the Governor of loAva. But_, by the advice of their counsel. 
Babbitt, afterward murdered by the Mormons (Avhile United States District 
Attorney of Utah), disguised as Indians, they consented to go to Fort Madison, 
where they Avere safely lodged in the Penitentiary." 

EdAvard Bonney, Avhose name is mentioned in the last paragraph, subse- 
quently acquired some notoriety as a detectiA'^e in hunting down the murder- 
ers of Col. Davenport, and other dark deeds of the gang, and as author of a 
small volume called the " Banditti of the Prairies ; or, the Murderers' Doom." 
At the time of the murder of Miller and Leiza, he kept a lividry-stable at Mon- 
trose. He frequently visited Nauvoo, and traveled a great deal on the river. 
'•He had," says Col. Reid, "an extensive acquaintance with all classes of 
people, kncAV in detail all the secret operations of the ' Danitcs ' and their con- 



472 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

federates. Time has left little doubt but that he was an unmitigated scoundrel 
and the scheming projector of all the operations of the band, which resulted in 
getting money. Though not himself a Mormon, he knew them all, consulted 
with and advised the perpetrators of crime, and no doubt shared the proceeds of 
their villainy. When they failed, he pursued and arrested them to get the 
reward; and when they were hanged or sent to the Penitentiary, their mouths 
were closed against him forever. Though not personally present at the perpetra- 
tion of a crime, putting little facts and circumstances together, and still greater 
revelations which have since come to light, there is little doubt that he was an 
accessory generally before and always after the fact." 

Leiza came to Iowa first and made the improvement, built the log cabin, 
etc., where the murder Avas committed. He was unmarried at that time, but 
returned to Ohio and married a daughter of old John Miller. They all moved 
to Iowa, accompanied by a brother-in-law and his wife, and came on a steamer 
by way of the river. Bonney, who appeared as a witness on the indictment, 
and took an active part in having the murderers arrested and convicted, was 
heard to remark at West Point that he came up with them on the same boat 
from St. Louis, and that from their big German boxes and general surround- 
ings they were a better class of Germans than generally came to the country, 
and that tliey must have plenty of money ! 

The Hodges had worked on the Court House at West Point while it was 
building, and were well acquainted in the neighborhood. A short time before 
the murder of Miller and Leiza, Stephen Hodges had stayed all night at the 
house of Samuel B. Ayres, then County Treasurer and Collector. Mr. Ayres 
was absent at the time. The county had neither vault nor safe, and Ayres kept 
the county money locked up in a trunk in his house, and, at this particular 
time, he had a large amount on hand. Mrs. Ayres was naturally afraid the 
money would be stolen, and, believing that Hodges was an honest man, she con- 
gratulated herself on his presence, and told him of the fact of the money being 
in the house. Strange to say, the money was not disturbed, although at that 
very time Hodges was out on a prospecting tour, and the next night the house 
of Jerry Smith, on Sugar Creek, was entered, and he was made to deliver his 
money by two masked men. They failed in getting much ; he had sold a farm, 
but had left the money with Adolphus Salmon, in West Point. The robbers 
on this occasion were Stephen and William Hodges, a confederate lying in wait 
as a sentinel on the outside, in case of an alarm. 

After their robbery at Smith's the Hodgeses went to the house of a man 
known as "Mill" Walker, who owned and operated a small mill on Sugar 
Creek, where they remained in concealment. Walker's honesty was not like 
the virtue of Caesar's wife, above suspicion. He was a kind of pettifogger 
before Justices of the Peace, and strange and unknown men were often seen 
going and coming from his house. Nothing was ever established connecting 
him in any way with robbers or murderers, but it was generally believed that 
he kept a robber's roost, and that his house was a stopping-place and place of 
concealment for them. That they met there to perfect- their plans, and that he 
was their confidential adviser, and the receiver of money realized from their 
nefarious practices. These suspicions were almost confirmed by the developments 
of after years. Walker finally removed from Lee County to Quincy, 111., 
where he died about the year 1873 or 1874. After his death, nearly $100,000 
in specie was found concealed under the cellar floor of his residence, where it 
had been stored away in old sardine-boxes and oyster-cans. The treasure con- 
sisted of coins that were in circulation previous to 1845, such as Mexican sil- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 473 

ver dollars, half-dollars, Spanish doubloons, etc. His widow, who knew where 
the money was hidden, had it brought out from its hiding-place, counted by her 
lawyers, and then deposited it in bank. It was maintained by those who knew 
Walker, his habits and business pursuits, that he could not have accumulated so 
much money by honest means, neither before nor after leaving Lee County. 

A redeeming trait in the character of Walker, after he went to Quincy, was 
that he was very generous to the poor, and made no parade about it. He 
would often haul in a load of wood, and without saying a word throw it over 
into the door-yard of some very poor person. This, probably, was done by way 
of atonement for past oifenses. 

After the Smith robbery, and while the robbers were staying in concealment 
at Walker's, one of them ventured out to the house of Miller and Leiza, near by, 
carrying a whip and pretending to look for cattle, got a drink of water and tried 
to get a $10 bill changed. This was only a ruse to discover where their money 
was kept, and to get the plan of the premises, the interior arrangement of the 
house, and to note such other matters as would facilitate the purpose of the 
robbery already planned. The excitement consequent upon the robbery of 
Jerry Smith had hardly died away when the murder of Miller and Leiza was 
committed. 

INDICTMENT, TRIAL, CONVICTION AND EXECUTION OF THE HODGES. 

The District Court was held at West Point, then the county seat, when the 
Hodges were arrested on the charge of murdering Miller and Leiza, and was in 
session at the time. Hon. Charles Mason was Judge ; Dr. Joel C. Walker was 
Clerk, and L. D. Stockton was the regular District Prosecutor ; but, for some 
reason, probably because of the absence of Stockton, Hugh T. Reed was 
appointed District Attorney pro tern, for the prosecution of this case. He drew 
the indictments and conducted the prosecution throughout, from its beginning till 
the close of the trial, which resulted in their conviction, sentence, and final 
execution. 

" William Hodges, Stephen Hodges and Thomas Brown were indicted by the 
grand jury at West Point May 15, 1845, for the murder of John Miller, 
by stabbing him on Saturday night, the 10th of May, 1845. Solomon Jackson 
was the Foreman of that grand jury. The indictment was exhibited and filed 
in Court May 15, 1845. 

The names of the witnesses upon it were James L. Estes (then Sheriff), Robert 
McNair, Abraham K. Drollinger, Jacob Able, Peter L. Montjar and Edward 
Bonney. 

" On the 21st of May, 1845, William Hodges and Stephen Hodges were 
brought into court, arraigned, and pleaded not guilty, and the District Prosecutor 
immediately joined issue. 

"Leiza was not then dead, but died afterward. On the same day the 
Hodges filed a joint affidavit, praying for a change of venue on the ground that 
they could not obtain justice, as the people of the county were so prejudiced 
against them they could not get a fair trial. This affidavit was sworn to 
before S. B. Ayres, Justice of the Peace, and was signed by Stephen Hodges, 
and William Hodges made his mark." 

In granting a change of venue. Judge Mason " ordered that the cause 
be heard and determined in the District Court for the county of Des Moines, 
where the cause complained of does not exist, the same as if originally instituted 
there, and that the Clerk certify the papers to the Clerk of the District Court 
of Des Moines County." 



474 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

" On the 19th of May they were taken by Sheriff Estes from Fort Madison to 
West Point, and kept there till the 23d, and then taken up to Burlington by ^Yay 
of Fort Madison on a steamer. Their guards during the time ^yere HaVkins 
Taylor, E. B. Taylor, D. M. Sherman, Elijah T. Este^, Joseph Stotts and Luke 
Allphin. 

" On the 21st of June they were put upon their trial, sixty petit jurors being 
summoned, J. C. Hall, F. D.* Mills and George Edmunds, Jr., appearing for the 
prisoners. 

"They applied first for a separate trial, and then for a continuance, both of 
which applications were refused. 

"After a lengthy trial the jury brought in the following verdict, which 
is not dated, and the record does not say when it was returned. 

BuKLiNGTOx, Iowa T., 1845. 

We, the jury, fiud the defendants, William Hodges and Stephen Hodsres. guilty of murder. 
Joel Hargrove. Foreman ; James Snow, David Leonard, John Smith, William Bennett, Thomas 
Stought, Ely Walker, Robert ^lickey, Isaac Chandler. Vincent Shelly, .Tohn P. Gonover. Moses 
Nutt. 

" Forthwith, says the record, the Court demanded if they had anything to 
say, etc., and then pronounced sentence upon them, as follows : • That you 
be taken to the Jail whence you came, and remain there till the loth day of 
July next ; that on that day you be taken by the proper officer of the county 
to some convenient place within the same, and between the hours of 10 A. M., 
and 4 o'clock P. M., be hanged by the neck until you are dead. 

" Dr. Freeman Knowles, T?ho was then a practicing physician at West 
Point, a gentleman of high standing and character, with a remarkable memory 
of details, w^as a witness in this trial, and says it continued about a week. lie 
is still living and a citizen of Keokuk. 

" The affidavit for continuance on account of the absence of material wit- 
nesses residing in Nauvoo and St. Louis, Mo., was sworn to before John S. 
Dunlap, Clerk of the District Court of Des Moines County, on the 10th day 
of June, 1845. By these witnesses, they alleged that they expected to prove 
that on the night of the 10th of June, 1845, the time the murder was com- 
mitted, they were at home in Nauvoo, and that the cap found on the premises 
did not belong to either of them. 

" On the 15th day of July, 1845, both of the Hodges were hanged in a 
ravine now in the city limits of 'the city of Burlington. Till the last moment, 
it is said they expected to be pardoned or rescued. Sheriff McKenny made 
the following return, under the order of the Court : 

sheriff's ketcen. 
Territory of Iowa. Des Moines County. In obedience to the within sentence, I did, on 
this 15th day of July, 1845, at two o'clock and forty-five minutes P. M., of said day. in the 
presence of Dr. Enos Lowe, Dr. L. W. Hickok. Dr. J. S. Dunlap. Evan Evans, Col. Tciuple. and 
many other worthy and respectable citiz.^us of said county of Des Moines and Territory of Iowa, 
at a place selected by me in said county, then and there' hung by the neck, the said William 
Hodges and Stephen Hodges, until they were dead. ' John H. MoKkxhy. 

Sheriff of Des Moines Count;/, I. Tij. 

On the 18th day of August, 1845, the Board of County Commissioners of 
Lee County being in session, it was -' ordered that John H.' McKenny, Sheriff 
of Des Moines County, be allowed ;^4:00 for services in securing and executing 
Stephen and William Hodges, criminals from this county, and that said allow^ 
ance be made in four orders of $100 each." 

The same day it was farther " ordered that John H. McKenny be allowed 
for cash expended for ropes to hang William and Stephen Hodges, criminals, 
fifteen dollars." 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 475 

Capt. Edward Guthrie, who was Warden of the Penitentiary when the 
Hodgeses were imprisoned there after their arrest and awaiting trial, was after- 
ward Captain of Company K, Fifteenth United States Infantry, Mexican War, 
and was wounded while acting as guard for a supply-train on the way from Vera 
Cruz to the City of Mexico, in the thigh, by an escopet ball at Pass La Hoya, 
and was taken to the Castle of Perote, where his thigh was amputated. A 
second amputation became necessary, in consequence of which he died from 
physical exhaustion, caused by hemorrhage, or, in other words, he bled to 
death. 

James M. Layton and Edward A. Layton were the two guards of the pris- 
oners at the Penitentiary. 

Says Col. Reid : '' John Miller was a Mennonite German minister. The 
society of Mennonites wear clothing very much the same as the Dunkards, 
except instead of buttons they wear hooks and eyes on their coats. They all 
wear heavy beards. Miller was stabbed through the heart by a huge bowie- 
knife manufactured from a big file, such as was used in those days for sharpen- 
ing mill-saws. We saw the arsenal of huge bowie-knives taken by Sherift' 
James L. Estes, from the prisoners, afterward at the old tavern, or hotel we 
would call it now, of Billy Mclntyre, on Second street, at Fort Madison, 
where he and Joseph C. Estes, his brother, then boarded." 

While the prisoners were in jail at Burlington, Irwin Hodges, who was 
attempting to raise money to defend his brothers, publicly denounced and 
threatened Brigham Young for not sending men to break open the Jail and 
release them. That night on his way home, early in the evening, he was met 
by two men, who assassinated him by stabbing him with his own knife, as they 
afterward confessed when arrested on a criminal charge in Adams County, 111. 
One of them was arrested next day on suspicion, but as there was no evidence 
against him he was discharged. 

The Hodges trial was the most noted criminal trial which ever took place 
in^he State, and created much comment at the time. Gen. Reid prosecuted 
the prisoners with great vigor, and on the cross-examination of the witnesses to 
prove an alibi for the defense, completely entrapped them, as no two witnesses 
could agree as to the particular place the prisoners were at in Nauvoo on the 
night of the murder. His closing speech of three hours was a masterly eflfort 
of great eloquence and power, and was listened to by the vast crowd in the 
court-room and out side with breathless attention. 

The day the murderers were hanged, their father was permitted to come to 
see them from the Alton Penitentiary, where he was under sentence for lar- 
ceny. Soon after the execution, two of their sisters eloped with Dr. Lyon, a 
married man, then living at Fort Madison, and went to Texas. 

On the scaffold Stephen spoke first. He Avas a tall, finely-formed, dark- 
complexioned man, with black hair, and a loud, ringing voice, in which there 
was not the slightest tremor when he spoke. Calm and collected as on an 
ordinary occasion, he addressed the crowd, who listened with great attention 
while he spoke. Among other things, he said "How can that jury who 
brought in a verdict of guilty, sleep calmly on their pillows at night? " William 
spoke well, but was excited and trembled slightly, and his voice was not so 
loud or his manner so decided. 

They expected to be rescued, and till the last moment looked as if for some 
one to come. But no rescue came. The "New Purchase" ferry-boat came in 
just before the execution, loaded down with passengers from Nauvoo, and its 
whistle was heard just before the execution, at the levee. The passengers had 



476 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

barely time to get to the scene of the execution before it took phice. The sii?- 
ters of the murderers were present. The condemned men were clothed in long 
white robes, tlieir arms pinioned with cords at the elbows. The religious exer- 
cises were conducted by a minister from Mount Pleasant. After singing the 

"y^^^-^' '-While the lamp holds out to burn. ~ 

The vilest' siniiev may return," 

prayer was offered, after which the culprits ascended the scaffold. The noose 
was adjusted to their necks, the black cap was drawn over their eyes. Sheriff 
McKenny cut the rope suspending the tirops on which they stood, and their 
bodies shot downward, swayed back and forth for a few minutes, Stephen 
drawing aip his legs Avith a convulsive effort once only. Wild cries of despair 
from their sisters rent the air as they fell, and a deathlike stillness outside of 
this reigned in the croAvd of thousands who covered the hillsides and filled the 
ravine below the scaffold, Avhich was surrounded by militia under arms. 

In their affidavit for continuance, in the handwriting of Judge Hall, one 
of their attorneys, made on the 10th of June. 1845, they stated they could not 
proceed to trial on account of the absence of material witnesses, the first- 
named being Artemus Johnson, George Broffit, Hiram Broffit, "Willis Smith. 
Thomas Morgan. George Kimball and Lydia Hodges, who resided at Nauvoo, 
111., and that they expected to prove by these witnesses that on Saturday night 
of the 10th of jNlay, 1845, they were at home in Nauvoo, all night; also that 
the cap found upon the premises was not the cap of either of said defendants. 
That they had promised Irwin Hodges, brother of defendants, to appear vol- 
untarily and testify, but '••on account of the alleged excitement existing in the 
community, they feared their presence would subject them to insult and abuse, 
and possibly violence," and that, however they disliked the alternative, they 
were compelled to believe the depositions of said witnesses would have to be 
taken or they would lose tlieir evidence. 

They further stated in the same affidavit that they^knew o,f no other wit- 
nesses by whom the same facts could be proven, except John Long, Aaron 
Long, Judge Fox and Henry Adams, of St. Louis, Mo. The three first 
named afterward became widely -known from being the murderers of Col. Dav- 
enport. These witnesses, it is stated in the tiffidavit, were at Nauvoo, on the 
night of tlie murder, and that they could procure their evidence by next term. 
This application was properly over- ruled by the Court, and the names in the 
affidavit are cited for the purpose of showing who Avere the confederates of the 
Hodgeses, and connected with the old Mormon banditti and Panite Band. 

Robberies still continued all over the country. One of the largest was 
that of the law office of Knox & Dewey, at Rock Island, Avhose safe was 
broken open and robbed of ^640. 

The murder of Col. Davenport on the 4th of July, 1845, at Rock Island, 
at his home, in broad daylight, was the boldest and most daring yet committed 
by the old Mormon banditti, and startled the whole country as the echoes and 
reverberations of a fire-bell in the night. 

Col. Davenport was an aged and feeble nuui, a prominent and deservedly 
popular citizen, and an old settler, universally respected and loA'ed for his many 
virtues by the entire community. 

The operations of this gang extended throughout the Rock River country in 
Illinois ; and in Ogle and Winnebago Counties especially, they became so bold 
and daring that as to over-ride and overaAve the courts. At last, the people 
organized themselves as vicjilanfes and commenced a Avar of extermination. 



HISTORY OF \A<)1<] COUNTY. 477 

Two of the gang (the Discols, father and son), were arrested, tried, convicted 
and shot by the vigilantes in Ogle County. Others were turned over to the 
courts, where they were convicted and sentenced to the Penitentiary ; others 
were Avarncd to leave the country, and still others, finding that their " occupa- 
tion was gone," left the county of their own accord, and quite a number of them 
found their way to different parts of Iowa — some of them, as the Brodies, set- 
tling in Linn County, whore they abandoned their old practices of dishonesty 
and outlawry, and are now recognized as good citizens and influential church 
members. 

EXPULSION OF THE MORMONS. 

After the murder of Col. Davenport and Miller and Leiza, public indigna- 
tion against the Mormons and their allies overleaped all restraint and found 
expression in public meetings, resolutions and public addresses that could not 
be misunderstood. The first meeting of this kind in Lee County was held in 
Montrose, where the leading speech was made by Judge Edward Johnstone, now 
a successful and popular banker at Keokuk. The result of this meeting was 
the calling of a mass-meeting, the nomination of an Anti-Mormon ticket, the 
publication of an address to the people by a committee appointed for that pur- 
pose, and the adoption of a resolution to expel the Mormons — " peaceably if 
possible, forcibly if necessary." For the proceedings of this meeting, a copy of 
the address, etc., the publishers are indebted to Col. Reid's publication, from 
which several extracts have already been made: 

In pursuance of public notice the Anti-Mormon citizens of Lee County, 
without distinction of party, met at the Court House in Fort Madison, on 
Thursday evening, 16th October, for the purpose of nominating candidates to 
represent said county in the next Legislature. •■ 

Edwin Guthrie, Esq., was chosen President, William Perdew and Capt. 
Samuel Vance as Vice Presidents, and D. A. Layman and I. G. Wickersham, 
Esq., Secretaries. 

T. A. Walker being called on, briefly stated the object of the meeting, and 
submitted the following preamble and resolutions, which were unanimously 
adopted : 

Whkrioas, The late (liHicultics between the old settlers in Illinois and the Mormons, and the 
numerous offenses committed in this county by persons professing to belong to the " Churcli of 
the Latter-Day Saints," has caused great excitement among our citizens ; and whereas, it is tirmly 
believed that the Mormons and others who do not belong to their peculiar faith cannot reside 
togetlier in peace : and whereas, for the purpose of preventing further violence it is tlunight advis- 
able that the Mormons and citizens of fice County should no longer remain together, therefore 

Jiesolved, That it is the opinion of this meeting that the public welfare requires that the 
Mormons sliould depart from this county at as early a day as practicable. 

Resolved, That this meeting deprecates all acts of violence, but stamps with contempt ihe 
conduct of those synipatliizing imli'viduafs who prate about the " cruelties of Anli-Mormonism." 

Resolved, That two Anti- Mormon candidates to represent Lee (bounty in the next Legislature 
be nominated by this meeting, whose election may fully ascertain and express pul)lic sentiment 
on the subject of the Mormons leaving this county. 

Resolved, That a committee of ten persons be appointed by the Chairman to present the names 
of two suitable persons as candidates, and report forthwitli. 

Resolved, Tliat a committee of ten persons be appointed by the chair to draft an address to 
the citizens of the county, in furtherance of the object of this meeting. 

'LMie following gentlemen were appointed by the chair as the committee to select and report 
the names of candidates to the meeting, viz., T. A. Walker, David (Jalland, Esq., Samuel B. 
Ayres, .loseph A. (]lark, Esq., Absolom yVnderson, Esq., Samuel E. Jack, John Milliken, Esq., 
Lsnac A. Lefevre, Hawkins Taylor and Samuel T. .VJarshall, Esq. 

The committee, after being absent for ashort time, returned and reported as .suitable persons 
to be supported as Anti-Mormon candidates for the Legislature, the names of Col. William Pat- 
terson and Gen. .Jesse B. Browne. 

On motion, these nominations were confirmed unanimously by the meeting. 



478 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

The President then proceeded to appoint as a committee to draft an address to the people 
of Lee County the following persons, to wit, 

William Stotts, Jesse O'Neil, Adam Hine, Lewis R. Reeves, John Burns and Henry Catter- 
mole. 

During the evening the meeting was addressed by J. C. Hall, Esq., of Burlington ; Col. H. 
T. Reid, T. A. Walker, Ed. Johnstone, Esq., Hawkins Taylor and H. E. Vrooman, Esq. 

On motion of Ed. Johnstone, Esq., it was unanimously 

Resolved, That the members of this meeting hereby pledge themselves to use all honorable 
means to secure the election of the candidates nominated this evening. 

On motion of H. E. Vrooman, Esq., 

Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be published in the newspapers at Burling- 
ton and the Warsaw Signal. 

Whereupon the meeting adjourned without day. 

EDWIN GUTHRIE, President. 
William Pbedew, Samuel Vance, Vice Presidents. 

D. A. Layman, I. G. Wickersham, Secretaries. 

ADDRESS TO THE VOTERS AND TAX-PAYERS OF LEE COUNTY, lOAVA. 

A very large and respectable meeting of citizens, favorable to the departure 
of the Mormons from Lee County, was held at the Court House, in Fort 
Madison, on Thursday evening, the 16th inst. Two Anti-Mormon candidates 
for the Legislature were nominated at that time, and the undersigned were 
appointed a committee to address you in futherance of the objects of said 
meeting. 

The next election for members of the Legislative Assembly will take place 
on the first Saturday of November next, and the meeting presented for your 
suffrages as an Anti-Mormon ticket Col. William Patterson and Gen. Jesse B. 
Browne. 

These gentlemen are among the "oldest settlers" of Lee County and 
known to every legal voter in it. They are esteemed as men of intelligence 
and tried Legislators, and no one doubts their entire willingness and ability to 
do, in a legislative capacity, full justice to the different interests of our citizens. 
The meeting referred to was composed of men of both political parties, the 
officers and committees were equally divided in their political and local prefer- 
ences, and it was hoped that in the selection of candidates, every man who felt 
disposed to aid in expressing public opinion on the subject of the departure of 
the Mormons, might do so without conceding his party predilections. It was 
considered that it was the duty of every citizen to unite in inducing by moral 
means the " Latter-Day Saints " from longer abiding among us. This ques- 
tion is now superior in importance to all others, and a truce was therefore 
declared by the two political parties, and such a union we believe is accom- 
plished, as will show, at the next election, an expression of popular sentiment 
on this subject not to be mistaken. One of the Anti-Mormon candidates is a 
Whig, the other a Democrat, and both are prominent in the several parties to 
which they belong. In regard to the many sectional interests which have 
divided this county, the candidates hold different opinions, but it is understood 
that all local questions, as well as politics, are merged in the necessary and 
important movement of Anti-Mormonism. 

It is due to you to say why an Anti-Mormon ticket was selected. We shall 
do so briefly. The progress of the Latter-Day Saints is well known, and their 
frequent strifes with the citizens of Ohio, Missouri and Illinois are matters of 
history. Wherever they go and grow strong, there spring up dissensions and 
violence between them and other citizens. The crimes charged upon them are 
without number. It is scarcely necessary to recount those which have been 
committed in this county. The old German preacher, Miller, was shot down in 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 479 

his own house, and his son-in-law, Leiza, was cut to pieces in defending his 
family. Where did this occur ? In the very heart of Lee County. By whom 
was this outrage committed ? By a band of Mormon brothers, some of whom 
where expounders and teachers of the faith of the Latter-Day Saints. Tax- 
payers, what did this midnight murder cost you ? The expenses paid by the 
county growing out of this nefarious butchery amounted to upward of $2,800. 

The Reden's, living a few miles from Montrose, openly and knowingly 
entertained the murderers of Col. Davenport, and when they, and one of them 
who shot him, were arrested, an attempt was made by some of the leading 
Mormons and their sympathizers to have them turned loose on the community 
by a writ of habeas corpus, and the persons arresting themi ndicted for kidnap- 
ping ! It would be impossible to enumerate Mormon theft and offenses in this 
county alone. A few will suffice. They are obtained from the records of the 
District Court. 

List of Mormon thieves, etc., who have escaped from justice in Lee County, 
Iowa, by forfeiting their recognizances, and with their securities running away 
to Nauvoo : 

Uuited States vs. .Jeremiah Plumb— larceny ; Same vs. Mark A. Childs and E. C. Richard- 
son—buying and receiving stolen goods ; Same vs. Nathaniel Eames— bogus making ; Same vs. 
Wm. A. Hickman — larceny: Same vs. Philander Avery — larceny; Same vs. Levi Wickerson— 
stealing nails; Same vs. .Jonathan Barlow — horse-stealing; Same vs. Jefferson Bradly and 

Alvin Sanford — larceny; Same vs. Jedediah Owens — larceny; Same vs. Samuel Musick 

larceny; Same vs. Nelson Benton —larceny ; Same vs. Robert Owen and Samuel Avery— 
larceny; Same vs. Sylvester Jackson — counterfeiting ; Same vs. Ethaw Pettit— assault with 
intent to kill. 

It is a remarkable fact, fellow-citizens, that the only Mormon ever convicted 
in this county was one Darius Gibbs, indicted for burglary, and proven to be 
guilty by Mormon witnesses. Time explained this mystery, for it was after- 
ward discovered that Gibbs was a renegade from the church of Latter-Day 
Saints. In many of the foregoing cases, the cost paid by the county amounted 
to $150, and upon a computation made by some of the county officers, it appears 
that Mormon offenders have, since their coming here in 1839, cost the county 
the round sum of $5,000 or $6,000. Tax-payers, what say you to keeping up 
the Mormon organization in your county at the rate of $1,000 per annum ? 

Such is the startling array of facts, fellow-citizens, presented to you from a 
cursory examination of the record of our Court. And yet you are told by a 
newspaper published in your midst, dated on the 20th of the last month, that 
" whatfeiv Mormons there are in this county conduct themselves as good citi- 
ze7is! " We have the same high authority, on the 11th inst., canting about the 
"absurdities of Mormonism, and the cruelties of Anti-Mormonism." 

When the citizens of Lee County, exercising a constitutional right, assemble, 
entertaining no feelings of personal hostility toward "Mormons " individually, 
but for the sake of future peace, earnestly recommending and requesting those 
residing in this county to make preparations to remove therefrom as soon as 
practicable, such request is placed under the head of the " cruelties of Anti- 
Mormonism." When the citizens are requested to aid by exchange of property 
or otherwise the departure of any Mormon or Mormons who may desire to leave 
the county, it is charged as among the cruelties of Anti-Mormonism. But 
when the Hodges and their accomplices waken from their repose by the blows 
of their bludgeons, a sleeping and peaceful family ; when the' father dies at his 
own door, and the son falls, bathed in blood, mortally wounded, it is only one of 
the " absurdities of Mormonism." When those who had shot and choked to 
death an old soldier on the day of liberty, in his own house, came with their 



480 HTSTOEY OF LEE COUNTY. 

liands red with murder, and "were entertained and comforted by tlieir "saintly" 
accessories in this county, it was only another of the " absurdities of Mormon- 
ism." When the Mormon burghirs brojce into and robbed the house of Smith, 
near Franklin, it ^Yas only another " absurdity ! " When Amos Hodges and 
his "fellow-saints " plundered the Norwegian flimily on the "tract," it was not 
"•cruelty," but only an "absurdity! " Ohilds, Richardson, Eames, Hickman, 
Avery, Nickerson, Barlow, Bradly, Sandford, Owens, Musick. Burton, Jackson, 
Pettit, all Mormons, and a host of others, were guilty of similar " absurdities ! " 
" Cruelties " is the term applied to the peaceful movement of i\.nti-Mormon- 
ism, and the tender epithet of "absurdities" to the midnight murders and 
felonies of the Mormons. 

A system of petty Mormon thieving is so extensively carried on in this county, 
that our citizens can scarcely any longer exercise a peaceful forbearance. 
Every old settler has lost something. No one feels secure. Each man before 
he retires to rest, bolts and barricades his house, and hospitality reluctantly 
opens the door after nightfiill, fearing it might let in the cut-throat and thief, 
instead of the stranger seeking a shelter. All good men reprobate violence, 
and therefore the "Latter-Day Saints " have been solicited to depart from 
among us. This request was made at a meeting of our fellow-citizens on the 1st 
inst., at the town of Montrose. It was thought prudent to give further force 
to that expression of public sentiment. No means appeared so eflective for this 
purpose as the ballot-box, and the ticket above referred to was therefore pre- 
sented for your consideration. It is hoped that the vote given for it will be so 
decided as will leave no doubt of the wishes of the people in regard to the 
Mormons leaving the county, and when you cast your suffrages for the Anti- 
Mormon candidates, remember that you are thus exercising your moral power 
to induce the deluded people called the " Latter-Day Saints," to depart in 
peace. Remember that you are doing an act which will save your county from 
fixture scenes of violence, and the tax-paying community from burdensome levies 
upon them. 

The meeting which nominated the ticket above presented desire to lay aside 
at the coming election all questions political and local, and present the issue of 
Anti-Mormonism and Mormonism alone, and none other. jNIen of both parties, 
men differing upon all local questions, were in attendance, and all agree as to the 
present paramount importance of inducing the Mormons to leave the county. It 
is not expected that they Avill permit the Anti-Mormon candidates to be elected 
without opposition. They number many votes themselves and they have many 
svmpathizers. They and their coadjutors dare not meet the issue fairly, 
but Avill strive to avoid it. They will get up tickets and denominate them as the 
'^ Feojple's," "'Settlers'," "American," or by some other attractive or delusive 
title. But by this many cannot be deceived. A cry, too, will be raised against 
the Anti-Mormon ticket by disappointed office-seekers, hoping thereby hereafter 
to procure Mormon support. The designs of all such politicians are too trans- 
parent to blind any one but themselves. An attempt will be made to rouse up 
local prejudices by the Mormons and Jack Mormons. This, too, must fail, for 
the committee are authorized to say that the Anti-Mormon candidates are 
pledged to move, if elected, no sectional question of any kind in the Legislature. 
They desire to run free from all trammels, and will esteem their election as 
expressing in a manner not to be misunderstood, the opinion of the people of 
Lee County on the subject of Mormon emigration therefrom. An attempt will 
be made to draw aside public attention during the canvass by abuse heaped upon 
individuals not before the people. Such assaults will only recoil upon the 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 481 

heads of the calumniators themselves, and cover them with shame and confusion 
An attempt will be made by the Mormons to assail Anti-Mormons candidates' 
because at one time they may have expressed sympathy for their sufferings' 
Ihis cannot avad anything. General sympathy and kindness were extended to- 
these people when they came, poor and needy, among us ; but since the true char- 
acter of many of them is truly developed, the desire for their immediate 
and Peacetul departure is universal. Every honest citizen will cheerfully assist 
a worthy fellow-man in distress, but withdraws his support when the object of 
his compassion proves to be a thief or a cut-throat. Other individuals are 
indifferent to suffering, when clothed in the garb of integrity, but so soon as the 
object ot charity is suspected as a felon, they seek his society 

Fellow tax-payers we appeal to you to aid us in getting rid of an abundant 
source of taxation. Fellow- voters, we call upon you to exercise your moral 
influence at the ballot-box, and induce the Mormons to seek another place 
ot abode, i^ellow-citizens, without distinction of party, vote for the Anti-Mor-- 
mon ticket, and prevent those days of violence which the future may have 
in store for our county. The true issue may be evaded, Mormon and Jack Mor- 
mon abuse -will flow freely ; demagogues will squirm and writhe; every effort will 
be made by a few expiring place-hunters ; but let every citizen do his duty and 
all their denunciations and struggles will be in vain. 

On the first Saturday of next month let every man come to the polls and 
let every one who desires future peace, prosperity and a healthy state of society 
mthe Empire County, cast their suftVages for Browne and for Patterson 
Your fellow-citizens, John Burns, 

Wm. Stotts, 

A. HiNE, 

n ^ u 1 r> 1 o . - L. R. Reeves, 

October 16, 184o. j^^s,^ O'Neil. 

Ihe tol owing communication was handed to Judge Mason during the present 
sitting of the Lee County District Court. He felt authorized by the unanimous 
request of the grand jury to excuse from further attendance the persons therein 
named Rev. William 0. Clark and Dr. John Patten, as two of the most promi- 
nent Mormons in Lee County. 

fn, ,1 IT r^, , ,r ^ Grand Jury Room, October 14 1845 

ro the Hon. Charles Mason, Judge of the District Court of Lee County ■ 

that th/rP^°.r''°''''^ ^'T^ J"T' ^°' *''" '""^'y °^ ^"^' respectfully represent to Your Honor • 
tha there are now upon the grand jury, two Mormons, to wit : William 0. Clark and .John Patten ■ 
that owing to he many crimes with which the Mormons have been charged in this county th^ 
grand jury will undoubtedly be called upon to investigate said charges, and parU SLrto ftrret 

T.'JSr "' ^ '°"P'°^ '^ ^^°''°^°"^ "''^<^°^ '^'^ g^'-^'^d J^'T believe to be engage at^lis time 
manufacturing spuruDus com; and apprehensive as we are, that the said Mormon upon the 
grand jury will not be disposed, in consequence of their intimate relations with sa°d company 
to co-operate wi h us in said investigation, we, therefore, most respectfully and unaniZusIy 
ask \our Honor excuse said jurors from further attendance upon the grand jury '''°'°'°^''-^' 
1. J A. Clark 8. .John E. Leeper, 1.5. ?Joel W. niatt, 

?■ n T/ «i"' ^""^"^' ^- '^^^lli^"^ ^- -^latthews, 16. John Houston 

o. D. M. Sherman, 10. Campbell Wright, 17. A. N. Deming 

t wflH? <i7",' IV ^^""""^ ^"""'^^ 18. Richard Pritchett, 

o. Wilham Steele, • 12. Alexander R. Wheat. 19. .John H. Lines, 

6. Salmon Cowles, 1.3. William Howard, 20. James McAlenny, 

.. Isaac May, 14. Luke Shepley, • 21 Robert Henry. ^' 

11 ^^^^^^^"t^-Mormon ticket was triumphantly elected by a large majority, and 
all the Mormons able to travel were expelled from- the county The old Mor- 
mons having left the country, the Mormon element still survived, not in mid- 
night assassination, but in horse-stealing, petit larceny, and in other thievery. 
Counterfeiters of coin and paper money succeeded them, with their headquar- 



482 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

ters at Nauvoo. Old Ben Brooks and his sons ran the horse-thief ferry to 
Montrose, with Brooks' son-in-law, John Hine, and old Dave Vrooman. A 
store in Montrose was burglarized by them and a lot of horses stolen, which 
were found in their possession. They were arrested and bound over by Squire 
Conlee, of Jeiferson Township, and all but Yrooman committed. They sued 
out a writ of habeas corpus before Judge Williams, and C. J. McFarland, 
Lyman E. Johnson and Jim Woods appeared as their attorneys in the burg- 
larv case, and they were discharged, as they produced a host of perjured wit- 
nes'ses, dressed as farmers and laboring-men who were strangers to the Court, 
and proved an alibi. They were again arrested, and, this time, by the aid of 
outside confederates, broke jail at Fort Madison, leaving, as a parting salute, 
the following note, written with charcoal on the plastering : " Farewell ! a 

long farewell to this d d hoal!" They did not leave the country. A part 

of the gang, Whitcomb and one Collins, robbed John Wright on the bluff 
near Devil Creek, in the James Bullard neighborhood, entering his house at 
midnight, masking their faces with handkerchiefs, with holes cut out for their 
eyes, getting nearly $100 in gold. Collins escaped, but Whitcomb, who was 
then under arrest for horse-stealing, was tried, convicted, and sent to the Pen- 
itentiary for three years. He had been confined but a short time when, one 
dark night, old Vrooman and others came from Nauvoo, and by some means 
secured his escape. The alarm was given, and Vrooman was found with two 
skiffs waiting to take him across the river, and was arrested. As there was no 
evidence against him he was released, and then taken down where Atlee & Sons' 
mill now stands, and severely whipped, and given his orders never to return. 

Judge McFarland was then Prosecuting Attorney. Vrooman showed him 
his back, with the marks of the lash still upon it, at Montrose. Next week 
afterward, McFarland organized a crowd of his retainers at Montrose, and, 
armed with long cowhides, took the Brooks family, one Conn, John Hine, and 
others, out of their beds at night, and, rowing to the island between Montrose 
and Nauvoo, whipped them severely, and, putting them into their own skiffs, 
without oars, shoved them off into the river to float over the rapids, with orders 
never to return. The Brooks family went to the Missouri River, and Vrooman 
to the interior of Illinois, where he was afterward murdered by his own son. 

None of them ever come back 1 

During the time this gang lived at Nauvoo, they frequently stole wagons, 
buggies, harness, and small articles from Fort Madison. On one occasion, they 
stole the buggy of Dr. Rinehart, of that place, which was found sunk in a 
slough, on the opposite side of the river. Wagons were frequently found sunk 
in the river, and kept down by weights, to be taken up and painted over after 
search had been made for them by the owners. 

When the Brooks family and their hangers-on were driven away, these 
petty depredations ceased. During the reign of the Danite Band its victims 
in Iowa were often arrester! at their houses by these masked marauders, taken 
from their beds and put on horse-back, tied securely, behind some one of the 
band, and, when crossing the horse-thief ferry at Montrose, those against whom 
death was decreed were killed, their bowels ripped open and entrails taken out, 
and their bodies, with weights attached, sunk in the river. 

In October, 1878, when Isaiah Hale, of Fort Madison, visited the Pacific 
Slope, he stopped at Salt Lake City, where he met Bishop Hunter, Daniel 
Wells, one of the twelve apostles, and many others with whom he was well 
acquainted, in the hey-day of Jo Smith's reign at Nauvoo. Apostle Wells 
invited Mr. Hale, who is a portly, good-looking, well-proportioned man, to 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 483 

remain in thear midst, and suggested, as an inducement, that some of their 
women might be attracted to him and desire to be "sealed" to him in Mormon 
wedlock. ±5ut he preferred to return to his pleasant home on the banks of the 
Mississippi, where polygamy is not recognized. 

OLD SETTLERS' ASSOCIATION. 

[The following ode to the Old Settlers of Iowa is from the pen of Hon Daniel V ATillor <!r t-h^ xr„„* *• ^ 

ness to this chapter in the history of Le County?] ^'" introduced because of its peculiar appropriate- 

dear to my heart is the name of Old Settlers, 

The men whom I knew in tlie days of my youth, 
Whose labors and worth will be ever remembered, ' 

As symbols of goodness and friendship and truth. 

Our rich yielding farm-lands they found in wild fetters, 
Incumbered with sage-grass and brambles and weeds ; 

And they plowed deep the soil, and built the log cabins, 
For food, and for shelter, for man and his needs. 

There are few of them left, and they who yet linger 

On this side the shore of eternity's rest. 
Do often recur with sweet recollections. 

To their long-ago homes in the land of the West. 

land of the West .' home of Old Settlers ! 

From thy prairies and valleys I never will part ; 
For here 'neath thy bosom lie buried my comrades, 

Who, in the morn of my life, were so dear to my heart. 

The log-cabin roof has long since departed, 
But a lone chimney here and there, shows where it stood ; 

And they of the future, as they look on its ruins, 
Will sigh as they think of the death of the good. 

No longer the savage the prairie roams over, 

And orchards and grain fields enliven the land ; 
But while we may live we will ever remember 

The zeal and good works of the pioneer band. 

Yes, we will remember, forever remember, 

The zeal and good works of the pioneer band, 
Who suflFered such hardships, and shrunk from no danger. 

To give us our homes in this beautiful land— 

This Iowa land ; this beautiful land ; 

Of all homes on earth, the most beautiful land. 

TQQo^^ Indian right to possession of the eastern slope of Iowa expired in June 
IbSo, consequently almost forty-six years have passed away since white men 
hrst came to occupy the fertile lands in Lee County. 

Since the time when the cabins of white men began to be reared upon the 
hillsides and within the valleys of the numerous streams that find their source 
m hillside springs and unite their waters with the mighty Mississippi, the 
Father of Waters, or the Des Moines, the years have been so full of change that 
the visitor of to-day, ignorant of the past, could scarcely be made to realize that 
during these years a population of nearly forty thousand has grown up within the 
limits of the county whose history we are writing. From a savage wild, marked by 
bloody conflicts of Indian tribes, and recorded only in vague tradition and dumb 
mounds of earth, this land has become a center of civilization, net-lined with 
fences and checkered with the fairest fields of cultivation. 



484 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Schools, churches, highly cultivated and remunerative farms, Avith their 
handsome dwellings, mark the camping-places and battle-grounds of the wild 
men who once held dominion over these prairie plains and forest-covered hills. 
Cities, towns and villages occupy the places once dotted over with Indian 
wigwams. Strong bridges span tiie streams where once bark canoes served as 
ferries for the wild red men, their women and children, and railroads and tel- 
egraph lines — adjuncts and agencies of the highest type of civilization known 
to the world's history — mark the course of the trails they made when traveling 
from one part of the country to another. 

It is not strange that among the pioneer settlers of any new country a deep- 
seated and sincere friendship would spring up, that would grow and strengthen 
with their years. The incidents peculiar to life in a new country — the trials 
and hardsliips, privations and destitutions — are well calculated to test not only 
the physical powers of endurance, but the moral, kindly, generous attributes of 
manhood and womanhood. They are times that try men's souls and bring to 
the surface all that there may be in them of either good or bad. xls a rule, 
there is an equality of conditions that recognizes no distinctions. AH occupy a 
<3ommon level, and, as a natural consequence, a brotherly and sisterly feeling 
grows up that is as lasting as time, for " a fellow feeling makes us wondrous 
kind." With such a community, there is a hospitality, a kindness, a benevo- 
lence and a charity unknown and unpracticed among the older, richer and 
more densely populated commonwealths. The very nature of their surround- 
ings teaches them to ''feel each other's woe, to share each other's joy." An 
injury or a Avrong may be ignored, but a kiridJy, generous, cliaritahle act is 
never forgotten. The memory of old associations and kindly deeds is always 
fresh. Raven locks may bleach and whiten ; full, round cheeks with,er and 
waste away: the fires of intelligence vanish from the organs of vision; the 
brow become wrinkled with care and age, and the erect form bowed with accu- 
mulating years, but the true friends of the "long ago " will be remembered as 
long as life and reason endure. 

The surroundings of pioneer life are well calculated to test the '' true 
inwardness " of the human heart. As a rule, the men and women who first 
occupy a new country — who go in advance to spy out the land and prepare it 
for the coming of a future people — are bold, fearless, self-reliant and indus- 
trious. In these respects, no matter from what remote sections or countries 
they may come, there is a similarity of character. In birth, education, religion 
and language,' there may be a vast difference, but, imbued with a common pur- 
pose — the founding and building of homes — these differences are soon lost by 
association, and, thus they become one people, united by a common interest, and 
no matter what changes may come in after years, the associations thus formed 
are never buried out of memory. 

In pioneer life there are always incidents of peculiar interest, not only to 
the pioneers themselves, but which, if properly preserved, would be of interest 
to posterity, and it is a matter to be regretted that the formation of old settlers' 
associations has been neglected in so many parts of the country. The presence 
of such associations in all the counties of our common country, with well-kept 
records of the more important events, such as dates of arrivals, marriages, 
deaths, removals, nativity, etc., as any one will readily admit, would be the 
direct means of preserving to the literature of the country the history of every 
•community, that, to future generations, would be invaluable as a record of ref- 
erence, and a ready method of settling important questions of controversy. As 
important as these associations are admitted to be, their formation has not 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 485 

become general, and there are many counties in the Western country whose 
early history is almost entirely lost because of the absence of such societies. 
Such organizations would possess facts and figures that could not be had from 
any other source. Aside from their historic importance, they would serve as a- 
means of keeping alive and further cementing old friendships, and renewing 
among the members associations that were necessarily interrupted by the inno- 
vations of increasing population. 

In the winter of 1871, a few of the pioneer settlers, actuated by the motives 
suggested in the preceding paragraphs, determined to call a meeting of the 
pioneers for the purpose of organizing an old settlers' association. An 
informal meeting was held at the Court House on the evening of the 5th day of 
January, 1871, at which the venerable Philip Viele presided as Chairman, and 
R. W. Pitman acted as Secretary. After some discussion and a free inter- 
change of opinion, the following resolutions were adopted : 

Resolved, That this meeting be adjourned to meet at this place on the 13th day of April 
next, for the purpose of perfecting said organization. 

Resolved, That all old settlers present who were inhabitants of the county on the first day 
of .Tuly, 1840, he invited to sign their names, and the time of their coming into the county, to a 
roll, which was done as follows : 

1830 — James AV. Campbell, October. 

1834 — Alexander Cruickshank, March 1 ; J. C. Parrott, September. 

1835 — R. W. Pitman and Lewis G. Pitman, April 2 ; .James Cruickshank (born), May 7 ; 
Samuel Paschal, September. 

183b — John G. Kennedy, April 12 ; E. S. McCulloch, May; Silas. D Hustead, June ; John 
n. Douglass (born), June 20 ; J. A. Casey, July 6; Elias Overton, August 18; Peter Miller, 
September 22 ; Jacob Abel, October 15. 

1837 — Jacob Vandyke, January 22 ; Cromwell Wilson, February ; James Caldwell, May 4; 
Philip Viele, June 2 ; Hazen Wilson, July : Enoch G. Wilson, November 28 ; George L. Cole- 
man, November 29. 

1838— Philotus Cowles, May 3. 

1839— Daniel F. Miller, April 15 ; Robert A. Russell, April ; J. E. Marsell, May 1 ; Isaiah 
Hale, May; Robert McFarland, November; James T. Blair, November 16. 

1840— Ferdinand Kiel, March 15 ; George B. Leidy, May; Elkanah Perdew, June 19 ; R. 
McHenry (date not given.) 

At the April meeting (the 13th), on motion of Judge Russell, one Vice- 
President was appointed from each township, as follows : 

Jackson, Guy Wells ; Jefferson, William Skinner ; Franklin, Alexander 
Cruickshank; Montrose, G. Hamilton ; PleasantRidge, J. A. Casey ; Des Moines, 
N. Sargent ; Van Buren, John Herron ; Harrison, A. Anderson ; Cedar, D. 
S. Bell ; Marion, B. Holtkamp ; Washington, D. McCready ; West Point, R. 
W. Pitman ; Charleston, John Cassady ; Denmark, Curtis Shedd ; Green 
Bay, John Morgan ; Madison, Peter Miller. 

D. F. Miller, R. McFarland and E. McCullough were appointed a com- 
mittee to prepare a constitution and by-laws for the government of the Associa- 
tion. 

The 4th day of July, 1871, was selected for the first annual celebration of 
the Association, and, on motion of D. F. Miller, Judge Viele was selected as 
orator of the day. 

John Van Valkenburg, R. A. Russell, J. C. Walker, John G. Kennedy and 
Peter Miller were appointed a committee " to make all necessai'y arrangements 
for a good celebration." 

All persons Avho came into the county " after the 4th day of July, 1840, 
and up to the State organization, were declared to be honorary members of the 
Association. 

On motion of Alexander Cruickshank, Hon. A. C. Dodge, of Burlington, 
was invited to be present at the celebration on the 4th day of July next (1871). 



486 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Article 1, of the constitution declares that " this Association is organized 
for the purpose of commemorating, by an annual celebration, or otherwise, as 
the Association shall, from time to time, determine, the early settlement of Lee 
County, Iowa, and to cement and keep in lively remembrance of the old set- 
tlers the acquaintance and friendship of their pioneer lives." 

By Article 2, all persons who came to the county prior to July 1, 1840, 
are eligible to membership. Membership fee, 50 cents. 

The officers of the Association are a President, sixteen Vice Presidents, Sec- 
retary, Corresponding Secretary, Treasurer and Marshal. The President and 
Vice Presidents are constituted a Board of Business Management. 

Officers of the Association are elected at the annual celebrations. 

FIRST ANNUAL RE-UNION. 

The first annual re-union of the pioneer settlers of Lee County was held at 
the fair-grounds, on the 4th day of July, 1871. Of this first annual gather- 
ing of the Pioneers of Lee County, the G-ate City, of Keokuk, had a full report, 
from which the following paragraphs are quoted : 

" From all parts of Lee County, came up the pioneers, their wives and 
children. It was a gala-day for them. This retrospective view of the halcyon 
days and the sorrowful, weary, toilsome ones, would alike bring pleasant recol- 
lections to them as they recounted their hopes, their trials and their victories, 
for had they not performed their duty as God had best given them the knowledge, 
and according to their several abilities ? Venerable men were there, whose 
white hairs and trembling limbs gave token of a lengthy pilgrimage. More 
than a generation had passed since, in early manhood, they crossed the Missis- 
sippi to carry the blessings of civilization into the wilds of Iowa. With strong 
arms and true hearts, they had battled with the perils of border-life, and con- 
quered. The wilderness and solitary place, to-day, as the result of their labors, 
buds and blossoms as the rose. 

"Men in the prime of manhood were there who, although "old set- 
tlers," are still comparatively young in years. These came in boyhood's 
hopeful hours, nobly assisted their elders in the struggles incident to the 
pioneer, and are worthy to share in the honor and glory of the victory. 
With their wives, children and friends, these men came to greet each other, to 
renew the friendships of early years, and to pledge to each other for the future 
a strong and perfect fellowship. All honor to the pioneers, the heroes and 
heroines of the past. Future generations will arise and call them blessed. It 
was appropriate that the Fourth of July, our national holiday, should be chosen 
for such a gathering. 

"At an early hour in the morning, the people commenced to come. Every 
train from the east, south and west brought accessions to the numbers. They 
came in wagons, carriages, on horse-back and on foot until the fair-grounds in 
the vicinity of Fort Madison were alive with people. The number present was 
estimated at between four and five thousand. The arrangements for the comfort 
of those who came to celebrate the day were creditable to the citizens of Fort 
Madison who had the matter in charge." 

For some cause. Judge Viele did not appear as orator of the day, as 
arranged at the April meeting, and the address was delivered by Hon. Daniel 
F. Miller, of Keokuk. The address was not lengthy, but in every way in 
keeping with the occasion. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 487 

" LAY HIM DOWN GENTLY." 

In concluding his address, Mr. Miller said : 

" We (I mean the old settlers) have selected the 4th of July of each year 
as the annual celebration-day of our Old Settlers' Association. So long as two 
of our number live and reside in Lee County, so long will the festivities inau- 
gurated by us to-day continue to be celebrated and honored ; and when the last 
old settler shall be called to his "long home," we consign the burial of his 
remains to our children and the generation that succeeds us. 

" ' Lay him down gently — 

The last of his race ; 
His comrades are all gone — 

The tomb is his place. 
Lay him down gently 

Beneath the green sod, 
Which he and his kindred 

In eai'ly life trod : 
. • Give his body^o earth, 

But his spirit to God.' " 

After the address, came a basket-dinner, then the reading of the Declara- 
tion of Independence, and an oration by Gren. A. C. Dodge, of Burlington. 
Next came the regular and volunteer toasts and responses. The election of 
officers followed : 
• President, Col. William Patterson, of Keokuk. 

Vice Presidents : Israel Anderson, of Jackson Township ; J. D. William- 
son, Pleasant Ridge ; N. Sargent, Des Moines ; John 0. Smith, Denmark ; 
R. W. Pitman, West Point ; Jonas Rice, Washington ; John Herron, Van 
Buren ; John K. Cooney, Jefferson ; Devore Palmer, Madison ; John Morgan, 
Green Bay ; Lyman Ditson, Franklin ; Elias Overton, Marion ; Samuel Pick- 
hard, Charleston ; Jacob Mendenhall, Cedar ; E. S. McCullough, Harrison ; 
O. J. Hamilton, Montrose. - 

AT PITMAN GROVE. 

The second annual gathering of the old settlers was held at Pitman Grove 
in August, 1872, Col. Patterson Presiding. Mr. C. K. Pitman, in behalf of 
the Pitman family, for whom the grove was named, delivered an address of 
welcome, which was replete with excellence and the outcroppings of genuine 
Kentucky hospitality. Hon. J. M. Casey was the orator of the day. In that 
address. Judge Casey, who came to the county when he was a boy, and grew 
to be a man, a lawyer and a Judge within the jurisdiction of Lee County, 
reviewed the history of the county from 1836 to that time, which was enlivened 
with anecdotes and incidents of early times. Referring to the condition of the 
country in 1836, and contrasting it with the condition in 1872, Judge Casey 
said : 

" We will view it as it was in 1836. The population of the United States at 
that time did not exceed 13,100,000 ; and the aggregate population of Mis- 
souri, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Iowa amounted to only 725,000, 
which is 465,000 less than Iowa, as enumerated two years ago (in 1870). 
These five great States, with an area of 283,866 square miles, equal in extent 
to France, England, Scotland and Wales, as recently as 1840, had only 
1,080,940 inhabitants, which is 107,266 less than Iowa had at the time of the 
last census. But see them in 1870, with a population of 7,521,082, which is more 
than one-half of what the population of the United States was in 1836. And 
Iowa, with a population of 10,531 in 1836, and 42,924 in 1840, became the 



488 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

eighth State in point of population in 1870, Illinois the fourth and Missouri 
the sixth. This wonderful progress and development of the West is worthv 
of our thoughtful contemplation. Who of the early settlers of this county, in 
their wildest visions, ever imagined such I'esults ? 

"In further consideration of the contrast of 1886 with the present, we tind 
that St. Louis then had about 12.000 inhabitants; now, about 820,000. Chi- 
cago then had 8, '260, and in 1840. 4,470. To-dav she has a population of 
about 800.000, and, in consideration of its rapid growth and vast commercial 
transactions, is the most wonderful city in the world. 

•' And there are old s:ttlei"s here to-day who had an opportunity of pur- 
chasing from the Government the site upon Avhich the Queen City of the Lake 
is situated, but failed to see its future, and preferred farming land in this 
county." 

After the speeches, came the annual election of othcers. 

President, Hon. D. F. Miller, of Keokuk ; Vice Presidents, Guy Wells, 
Jackson Township; James Bullard, Jeffei-son ; R. A. Russell, .Madison ; W. 
H. Rodgers, Green Bay ; Dr. Levi Farnsworth, Denmark ; Henry Dye, Wash- 
ington : William Pitman, Sr., West Point; John Allen Casey, Pleasant Ridge : 
Barney Holcamp, Marion : David Bell. Cedar ; Alexander Cruickshank. 
Franklin ; Absalom Anderson, Harrison : Samuel Pickard, Charleston ; R. W. 
Dresser, Van Buren ; Nicholas Sargt^nt, Des ^loines. 

Treasurer, Robert McFarland. 

Secret^wry, R. W. Pitman. 

Sargent's Grove, on the Des Moines ^'alley Railroad, thirteen miles from 
Keokuk, Avas designated as the place, and the second Thursday in August 
(the 8th\ 1878. for holding the next meetii\g. 

AT Sargent's grove. 

At tlie Pitman Grove meeting, Nicholas Sargent, one of the pioneers, 
extended an invitation to the Association to hold the third annual gathering at 
his grove. His farm consists of 1,000 acres, in one body, of the best tanning 
land in the Des Moines Valley. His house is a hne brick structure, two 
stories in height, and situated on the bluft", and overlooks hundreds of well-cul- 
tivated acres. In the valley below the house, is a beautiful black-walnut grove, 
planted and grown by his own hands, and here the third annual re-union of the 
pioneers and old settlers in Lee CV^unty was held. Mr. Sargent bore the 
entire expense of preparing for this gathering, from his own purse. Long 
tables and benches, two great stands, a huge beer- vat tilled with ice and ice- 
water, and scores of tin cups, were in readiness Avhen the guests came. Half a 
score of barrels stood near by, ready to repleni?\f the water-tank when its sup- 
ply gave out. Hay. corn and oats, without stint, had been hauled from the old 
pioneer's cribs, bins and stacks, and deposited on the ground, for the use of 
those who came with horses. Nothing had been neglected that could in any 
Avay add to the comfort of man or beast. An Old Settlers' string band was 
occupying one of the stands, and discoursing airs familiar and popular in the 
days when the pioneers were young. Jake Griffey, Mordecai Evans and 

McGoll were there in the glory of old tunes, when they played for the 

people who danced on floors made from puncheons or Avhip-sawed boards, to 
the tune of Monie Musk, the Arkansas Traveler, Horse-Head, and Roaring 
River. The entire grove was carpeted with a luxuriant growth of Kentucky 
blue grass, which had been mown and raked for the festive gathering. The 
music of the violins was not to be resisted. It awakened old memories, and it 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 489 

was not long until the Old Settlers, whose religious tenets did not prevent, were 
" tripping the light fantastic toe " on the shady green ; and it Avas a noticeable 
fact that the feet of those who had been church-members for many years, and 
who had eschewed dancing as of evil practice, kept up a wonderfully active 
tipping. A large number of Illinoisans and Missourians were present, on 
this occasion, as much interested, apparently, as the old settlers of Lee County. 

At 10 o'clock A. M., the President, Hon. D. F. Miller, called the meeting 
to order. The music and dancing ceased. At the request of the President, 
Col. William Patterson, who represented himself and thirty descendants — chil- 
dren, grandchildren, and one great-grandchild (a son of Mrs. Abbie Creel 
Walker, of Montana), opened the meeting with prayer. An hour was then 
spent in listening to short speeches and anecdotes about old times ; and at 11 
o'clock, the meeting adjourned for dinner. 

Isaac R. Campbell, of Missouri, told about killing a bear on the identical 
spot where the gathering was held. He also exhibited a buckskin purse made 
and presented to him by Black Hawk. 

W. C. Stripe was charged with coming into the country too late to be a 
pioneer. He retaliated by saying the President had only ruled him out because 
he was not good looking. He denied the charge, and offered the following com- 
plimentary toast to Nicholas Sargent: "Although this is 'Old Nick's' 
stamping-ground, it is good to be here." 

Uncle George Heywood, the oldest man in Clark County, Mo. (eighty-four 
years of age), was present on the platform. 

Mr. Gregg, then editing a monthly paper at Hamilton, Hancock Co., 111., 
devoted to the interests of old settlers, and who published a paper at Montrose 
as early as 1837—38, was present, and made some happy remarks about old 
times and old settlers. 

John Hiner, one of the first butchers in Keokuk, amused the gathering by 
telling about one of his early speculations. He bought two cub bears, at 
Keokuk, for $25, and, after keeping and feeding them a year, took them to St. 
Louis to find a buyer. He had an offer of f 100 for them by a man who was 
out of the city. While waiting to deliver the animals, he had taken up a posi- 
tion near a millinery-shop, when a mischievous boy sharpened a hoop-pole and 
commenced stirring up the animals The bears got on the rampage, and Hiner 
Avas in hot water. " I threatened the boy," said Hiner, " but what could one 
man do with a boy when he had two bears in hands ? There was an excitement 
about that millinery-shop, and the French proprietress got her French blood up 
to fever heat, and called me a 'yaller rascal,' and declared she was going for 
the police. The boy prodded harder, the bears got madder, and I began to get 
scared. To cap the climax and add to the terrors of my situation, the bears 
tore down the poles that supported the awning that shaded the front of the 
millinery-shop. They fell with a crash, and then I was scared. Just then, a 
man came along and offered me $5 for the two bears. Five dollars was better 
than no money when visions of the police and the police-station were staring 
me in the face, and I closed with the offer at once. I turned over the bears, 
pocketed the |5, and turned to get away as fast as I could, when lo ! there 
stood Col. Patterson leaning against a lamp-post, laughing at me. Then I got 
mad. But that boy with a hoop-pole was a smart one, and (turning to D. F. 
Miller), no doubt, became a first-class lawyer or a graduate from some peni- 
tentiary long ago." 

Gen. A. C. Dodge made the great speech of the day. It. abounded in good 
stories and happy hits. At times, the audience was melted to tears, and then 



490 HISTiUlY i>F LEE COUNTY. 

again oonvulsod >vir1i laughtov. Witli the old settlors. Oodi:;o is a uuivoi'sal 
favorite. 

Daniel F. Miller was unaiiimouslv re-elected President. A'ieo Presidents, 
Israel Anderson. Jaekson Township : M. Wrio-l\t, Montrose; ^Yillianl Skinner. 
JetVerson : K, A. Hussell, Madison ; M. 11. Kodgers, (vreen Bay; J. Meek. Des 
Moines ; H. W. Dresser, Van Buren ; 0. Danks, Charleston ; Alexander 
Oruiekshank. Franklin; D. S. Bell, Oedar ; E. Overton, Marion; E. S. 
MeOnllough, Harrison ; George Berry, Pleasant Ridge ; J. 0. Smith, Den- 
mark ; Henry Dye, Washington; R. \V. Pitman. West Point. 

Gen. J. 0. Parrott was elected Secretary ; Hon. E. S. McCullough, (\)rre- 
spondinj:: Seoretjirv ; K. McFarland, Treasurer, and J. A. Casev was chosen as 
Marshal. 

The third Thnrsday (the 20th) of August, 1874, was selected as the time 
for the next meeting. The place of meeting was bft to be selected by the Vice 
Presidents. 

Vr TUK KEOKUK FAIH-<^R0UN 1>S. 

The fourth annual gathering of the old folks ot" Lee County was held on 
the fair-grounds near Keokuk, on Thursday, August 20, 1874, Hon. D. F. 
Miller presiding. The n\eoting was called to order at 11 o'clock, and at 
the request of the President, Col. William Patterson addressed the throne of 
grace. The Hamilton (111.) choir was present and enlivened the occasion with 
some excellent selections of vocal music. 

Hon. Ceorge W. McCarty, who had been selected for orator of the day. was 
unable to be present, in consequence of illness, and the time was occupied with 
short addresses. Mr. I'homas Gregg, editor and publisher of the Old jSettlers' 
Memon'iil, at Hamilton, 111., delivered a short address, and explained the nature 
and object of his publication. 

Richard iNliller spoke in behalf of •' Young America," and gave a number 
of good reasons why the young people should attend the annual gatherings of 
the old settlers. The meeting was largely attended and very enjoyable. 

Capt. d. W. Campbell was elected President. 

A'iee Presidents — Valencourt Yanausdol, Jackson Township; George Hamil- 
ton. Montrose; William Skinner, JetVerson; Philip A'^ielo, Fort Madison; John 
Morgan, Green Bay ; Jonas Rice. ^Yashington ; William Brown. Denmark ; 
George Berry, Pleasant Ridge; K. ^Y. Pitman, West Point; Elias Overton, 
Marion ; Alex. Cruickshank. Franklin ; Nicholas Sargent. Des Moines ; Jere- 
miah Hunt, Charleston ; Amos Hinkle. Van Buren : David S. Bell, Cedar; 
E. S. McCullouch. Harrison. 

Robert McFarland was elected Secretary; Gen. J. C. Parrott, Treasurer, 
and Capt. Alf Roberts was chosen as Marshal. 

TMie Association agreed to hold its next animal meeting at Wan-en Station, 
on the Thursday before the full of the moon, in September. 1875. 

AT WAKKKN STATION 

the meeting was well attended. The gathering was called to order at 10 
o'clock, by President J. W. Campbell. The throne of grace was addressed 
by Robert A. Russell, Esq., and the opening address delivered by S. D. Davis, 
Esq. Mrs. Pollard read a poem ei\titled "• Continually." W. C. Hobbs, Esq., 
delivered an address full of pathos and sentiment. 

Capt. J. W. Campbell, the President of the Association, followed Mr. 
Hobbs with an able and appropriate address, in which he reviewed the history 
of the countY from 1S;>0 to that time — nearly half a centurv. 




.% '>';'^>'>*J _, 4f" 



fy^^.-^^^v 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. ' 493 

After President Campbell, E. S. McCullough made a short " talk," and con- 
cluded his remarks by asking all the old settlers to partake of an old-fashioned 
dinner, prepared in the old-fashioned way, by the old-lady pioneers. 

After dinner, Capt. Hobbs, on behalf of the old settlers, presented Alex- 
ander Cruickshank and William Skinner with a hickory cane each. These 
veteran pioneers, both of whom came to Lee County in 1834, responded to the 
presentation in a happy, old-fashioned way. 

John Whitaker, the first Probate Judge elected in Iowa, was present and 
was introduced to the multitude. [Mr. Whitaker was elected Probate Judge of 
Des Moines County in the fall of 1834, when all the lower part of the Black 
Hawk Purchase was included in that county.] 

The election of officers for the ensuing year resulted : President, Capt. 
James W. Campbell ; Vice Presidents, John Morgan, Green *Bay Township ; 
Jonas Rice, Washington ; R. W. Pitman, West Point ; L. Young, Pleasant 
Ridge ; Elias Overton, Marion ; David Bell, Cedar ; E. S. McCullough, Harri- 
son ; Henry Abel, Franklin ; John Herron, Van Buren ; A. L. Donnell, Charles- 
ton ; N. Sargent, Des Moines ; George G. Hamilton, Montrose ; William Skin- 
ner, Jefferson ; V. Vanausdol, Jackson ; Robert Russell, Madison ; Secretary, 
Robert McFarland ; Treasurer, I. Hale, Madison ; Marshal, C. C. Border, Har- 
rison Township. 

Resolved, That Fort Madison should be the place of holding the next regu- 
lar meeting, and that said meeting should be held on the day of Septem- 
ber, 1876. 

CAPT. CAMPBELL S ADDRESS. 

Capt. James W. Campbell came to what is now Lee County in October, 
1830, when quite a youth, since when his residence here has been uninterrupted, 
hence he is entitled to the honor of being considered the second oldest citizen. 
And as his address is full of importance, as relates to the condition of the county, 
early incidents and first occupants, it is presented entire. Other addresses at 
the old settlers' annual gathering were excellent and in good taste, but this 
one is deemed most pertinent and appropriate, because of Capt. Campbell's 
intimate personal knowledge of things whereof he speaks. He said : 

Twelve months ago, you elected me President of this Association, and I 
now, for the first time, embrace the opportunity of thanking you all for the 
honor conferred upon me. It has been my desire to furnish a speaker for this 
occasion far more able than myself, but as I have failed, I cannot let this moment 
pass without saying a few words to you about what I have seen and heard of 
the people and their settlements here from 1830 to 1834, which I designate as 
the half-breed era. Since then, many of you have been as familiar with the 
changes that have occurred here as myself, and if I do not, in reviewing the past, 
amuse you in relating what I have seen and heard of this county, it will certainly 
interest some of you to retrace with me, step by step, your pioneer life, and 
while you are traveling back over its dark and ragged edges, you will come to 
many bright spots in memory's pathway that will produce emotions of pleasure. 

Forty-five years ago this coming October, my fiither moved from the present 
site of Nauvoo, and settled four miles below, on the west bank of the river, at 
Ah-we-pe-tuck (which, translated from the Indian dialect to our tongue, means 
beginning of cascades), on the Sauk and Fox Reservation It is now called 
Nashville, and almost every association in this connection with this place remains 
still fresh in my memory, although I was but five years old. 

The settlement here consisted of four houses, which were occupied by Dr. 
Isaac Galland, .Samuel Brierly, William P. Smith and my father. There was, 



494 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

also, a small log house, 10x12 feet in size, used for a schoolroom. I remember 
well some of my schoolmates here, whose names are Tolliver Dedman, James 
Dedman, Thomas Brierly and Washington Galland. Over this literary insti- 
tution, which, I suppose, was the first school taught in Iowa, Benjamin Jen- 
nings presided as teacher. I remember him well, for when kind and oft-repeated 
words failed to impress upon the memory of Washington Galland and myself 
the difference between A and B, he had niether delicacy nor hesitancy about 
applying the rod, which usually brightened our intellects. 

The greatest object of interest to me while I remained here, was to visit the 
wreck of the sunken steamer Mexico, which lay close against the shore, a few 
rods above my father's house. Her cabin had been removed, but a portion of 
her machinery still remained, which resembled very much one of Eads & Nel- 
son's submarine 'pumps, in use at the present time. 

As there is nothing more which I can remember about this place that would 
interest you, I will, in turn, begin to describe each house and its locality, to the 
best of my recollection, that was situated on the half-breed tract in 1831. We 
embark in an Indian canoe, on our voyage of discovery in the month of April. 
After floating down the river two and a half miles or more, we came in view of 
a double log house, inclosed by a fence made of logs and saplings, and I am 
told that at its entrance way stood, in 1826, a pair of elk horns, answering the 
double purpose of gate-posts and center-mark, north and south, of the half-breed • 
reservation. This building, which stood upon an elevated position, about one 
hundred and fifty yards from the river, had formerly been the home of Maurice 
Blondeau, the Washington and father of his country ; for, by his instrumental- 
ity, prior to the era of grangerism, he acted as the middleman, and at the treaty 
of 1824, secured to the half-breeds of the Sac and Fox Indians all that portion 
of land lying between the Mississippi and Des Moines Rivers, embracing the 
south half of Lee County. 

Maurice Blondeau was a jolly, good Frenchman, weighing considerably over 
two hundred pounds, and the old adage, " Laugh and grow fat," was fully illus- 
trated in him. Owing to this habit, he came to be a great favorite with the 
Indians. If any visitor to this country is fond of antiquarian researches, and 
wishes to visit the locality of this man's former home, I will be pleased to direct 
him to the identical spot. You will take the cars at Montrose or Keokuk, and 
when the faithful old conductor, " Dave," calls for your ticket, ask him to let 
you stop off at the little Catholic Church building, between Sandusky and 
Nashville, and when you arrive there proceed immediately back to the top of 
the first elevation, and you are within a few feet of where his humble cabin 
stood, and within the area of one among the first corn and pumpkin patches 
cultivated by civilized man in the State of Iowa. Let us pass down a few hun- 
dred yards farther, and we are at the ancient log house of Lemoliese, which was 
once supposed to be a palace in the midst of a wilderness, being the first erected 
in what is known as Iowa of to-day. This single log house stood some seventy 
to eighty yards from the river, on a slight elevation, on the south side of a creek 
near the approach of a bridge now in use at Sandusky. It was occupied in 
1831 by Mr. Brierly, whose son James became our first Representative under 
Territorial organization. Indian tradition says this locality had ever been a 
haunt of their forefathers, owing to its pleasant location, and its near proximity 
to other ancient villages on the Des Moines River. Indians always select loca- 
tions for their villages that are not subject to an overflow, so I imagine that, at 
one time, there was a village at St. Francisville, on the south side of thfe river^ 
in Missouri, and one on the north side, one and a half miles above, near Jim- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 495 

town ; and where could there have been found two more beautiful locations than 
these, and why should we doubt that these localities are not the identical villages 
discovered by Marquette in June, 1673 ? We read sketches from his journal 
that were published in Paris several years after his death, where it is said, using^, 
his own language, after floating down the Mississippi four days, they went 
ashore on the 21st of June (1673) and found some fresh traces of men upon the 
sand, and a path which led to the prairie. The men remained in the boat, and 
Marquette and Joliet followed the trail up a creek for two or more leagues to 
the west, when they came to a beautiful stream. There was an Indian village 
upon the right and left banks of the stream. If Sandusky, in Lee County, is 
not the place he alluded to when he landed upon the west bank, and visited this 
beautiful river, our Keosauqua Sepo, where is there another place in all this 
country that answers the description so well ? Take the distances, the creeks, 
the traditionary locations of the Indian villages, and all point unerringly to this 
as the place where Marquette landed on the occasion mentioned. 

We will now jump from romance to reality, and journey on our way, hoping 
to introduce you to each locality and individual as we pass along. When we 
have passed about four and one-half miles further down the stream, we come to 
Spring Chain, on the rapids. Abreast of this chain, and near an everflowing 
spring, stood a single log cabin, the residence of Andrew Santamont, the 
■ brother-in-law of Maurice Blondeau. Madame Santamont had a son by her 
first husband, whose name was Francis Labesser, who never had an equal as an 
interpreter in the Sac and Fox nation. I have often heard him read our books 
and papers to the Indians as you and I can a long-studied piece for an exam- 
ination day. Frank used to tell us little fellows that if we ever expected to be 
educated as he was, we would have to go to Paris, as he did. So, you see, 
Paris set the fashion then as well as now ; but in later years, I began to doubt 
if Frank had ever entered a schoolhouse outside of the suburbs of Portage des 
Sioux. 

This old house of Santamont once stood within a foAv feet of the round- 
house of the Keokuk & St. Paul Railroad, now owned by the Chicago, Burling- 
ton & Quincy Railroad Company. • It was occupied several years after by 
William McBride. A short distance below it, and a few feet further back from 
the river, a log house was afterward built and occupied by James Bartlett, who 
was an honest, quiet, good man, of whom we find in his son Henry D., a mem- 
ber of our little band of pioneers, a fair representative of his father. 

Let us drop down with the rapid current a few hundred yards further, 
around Point-no-Point, and we are in view of Puck-a-she-tuck (foot of the 
cascades), a village "mighty as Babylon," in my childhood imagination, but of 
less renown than our Gate and Federal Court city is to-day, although we then 
had occasionally residents of great celebrity, such as Paw-shi-pa-ho (stab chief) 
and Keokuk, the peace chief of the Sac nation, from whom our city derived its 
name, as early as 1832, The hillsides of this embryo city were covered with 
a heavy growth of timber, extending to high-water mark. The old cottonwood- 
tree above Main street, under whose shade I landed in 1831, has not been 
spared to designate the spot ; but memory supplies its place by locating over 
it the abutment of the first wagon and railroad bridge that spanned the Missis- 
sippi River. 

The ten log houses comprising our little village then have all been removed. 
Even our grave-yard, at the corner of Second and Blondeau streets, once held 
sacred by every pioneer, has been rooted up for the benefit of civilization, and 
not one landmark remains of our childhood homes. But when I look over the 



496 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

panorama of the past, I see them distinctly before me ajg;ain, and will describe 
them to you, that we may share the pleasure together by recalling the associa- 
tions of the past. 

The population consisted of some thirty-odd persons — English, French and 
half-breeds. 

The first log house erected in 1820, under direction of Dr. Samuel C. Muir, 
stood on the right hand corner of Main and Levee, as you ascend the street. 
It had received an additional frame room, with an open entry between, when 
my father moved into the log house in 1831. The whole house had been pre- 
viously occupied by Dr. Muir, who, having taken my father into copartner- 
ship, was compelled to furnish him a room until he could get some other place. 
It was here in this old house that I learned, under the instruction of James 
.Wheat, a private teacher, to commemorate the words " ba-ker, "sha-ker," 
"tidy," "holy," etc. The definition of the last word was neither appreciated 
nor practiced by many of the residents of those days. Many times my old 
preceptor would require his son Henry and myself to march out into the open 
entry and engage in a contest of spelling, before the gaze of admiring spectators 
from some steamboat which had recently arrived. We were considered 
progidies in spelling by many ; but, to tell the honest truth, I could not spell 
one of these words on the book ; but we made the old man feel good, and that 
was enough for us. 

Moses Stillwell, the first permanent white settler, erected the second log 
house on the hillside opposite the upper end of the lock ; this was also a 
double log cabin, with an open entry between, and a small inclosure for 
garden purposes. Mrs. Stillwell, an excellent, kind, good Avoman, lived here 
several years after her husband's death. Immediately below, and against a 
perpendicular stratum of stone, stood the front and end walls of a one-story 
stone building, the stone bluff answering for the back wall. This building was 
about 15x40 feet, and was destroyed by an ice freshet in 1832. It was 
intended for a warehouse, and was built by Stillwell for Culver & Reynolds. 
At the beginning of Blondeau and Levee, stood the first house in a row of 
five, all joined together with a porch in front, three feet above the ground. 
These buildings belonged to the American Fur Company, and were sold to my 
father in 1832, and many years after were known as the famous Rat Row. If 
my memory does not deceive me, I think these buildings were occupied by 
Mark Aldrich, of whose family I have but a faint recollection. There was an 
elderly lady, a member of his family, of the name of Wilkinson or Wilker- 
son, of whom I have a more distinct remembrance, than any one else con- 
nected with his family. One day, while in front of their house, I was trying 
the experiment of balancing myself in walking on the edge of a half-sunken 
canoe, when this kind old lady, seeing the danger to which I was subject, 
requested me to get oif, and, in attempting to look around I lost my balance 
and oif I fell into the water, heels over head. After I crawled out on shore 
she indulged in a hearty laugh, and I indulged in a little hard swearing. 

Below the Fur Company's buildings, half way between Blondeau and Main 
streets, stood a clapboard frame house, owned by Edward Bushnell, and used 
at various times as a stable, warehouse and grocery, and a little farther back on 
the side of the hill, stood John Forsyth's little log cabin, which was occupied 
by a venerable gentlemen in 1833, of the name of Jesse Creighton, a shoe- 
maker. Finding it rather difficult to support himself at his trade, owing to 
our custom of going barefooted in summer and wearing moccasins in the win- 
ter, he was induced to open a private school, and his pupils were Valencourt 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 497 

Vanausdol, Forsyth Morgan, Henry D. and Mary Bartlett, John Riggs, 
George CraAvford, Eliza Anderson and myself. The attendance was small, but 
our number embraced about all the little folks in Keokuk at this time. But as 
few as we were in numbers, we convinced Uncle Jesse that we were legions at 
recess, for we frequently upset his shoe-bench and shoe-tub, which caused the" 
old gentleman to reach for us with his crooked cane. At this first school 
taught in Keokuk, I made rapid progress, for I learned to read Chieftain War- 
rior, Winnebago, Enterprise, William Wallace and Ouisconsin, the names of 
steamboats that landed immediately in front of our schoolhouse. My rapid 
progress was owing to the privilege of looking out of the window at these 
boats and drawing their picture upon a slate. I can see them now, and their 
appearance to a schoolboy of to-day would look ludicrous. For example, the 
William Wallace, with one smokepipe ; the Warrior, with one deck, with a 
barge along side containing the cabin; the Chieftain, with a quarter-pitch roof 
similar to our houses, cabins all on lower deck aft of the wheel-house, open 
bunks running fore and aft, trimmed with gorgeous calico curtains. 

James Thorn, a large, stout Canadian Frenchman, married to a Sac squaw, 
lived in a small log house situated half-way from the water's edge to the top of 
the blujff, between Concert and High streets. John Connolly, of Irish descent 
and clerk for the American Fur Company, with a squaw wife in a log house on 
the hill, between Main and Johnson, on Water street, just back of the old 
depot-house. This locality is more noted than any other spot of ground in 
Keokuk, owing to a fort being erected here in 1832, under the supervision of 
my father and Maj. Jenifer T. Spriggs, who, being an intimate at my father's 
house, having come here for the purpose of surveying the Half-Breed Reserva- 
tion, deemed it advisable to garrison this point, as Black Hawk had started 
upon the war-path, and upon his request being made known to the commandant 
at St. Louis, one swivel, thirty-four muskets and five hundred rounds of cart- 
ridges were forwarded immediately, and, on their arrival, a small stockade, 
about one hundred feet across, inclosing a blockhouse, was constructed ; and, 
after the munitions of war were conveyed into this stockade, Jenifer T. Spriggs, 
the hero of Bladensburg, was elected to the exalted position of Captain Com- 
mandant, and Isaac R. Campbell, Lieutenant and Commissary. 

Fifteen hundred barrels of pork and flour belonging to the United States 
army had been left here in charge of my father, owing to the low water on the 
rapids. This our troops protected, which was about all they did during the war. 

After peace was declared, Maj. Spriggs lost the muster-roll, while on a 
little " tare" in St. Louis, and, in consequence of that loss, all our soldiers lost 
their bounty. 

I remember the day very well when Black Hawk danced his war-dance 
upon the rocky beach of Puck-a-she-tuck, in 1832. He had with him about 
four hundred warriors, who marched four-abreast ; and, after going through the 
various evolutions peculiar to the Indian mode of warfare, they halted in front 
of my father's house, and Black Hawk, Ne-sa-us-cuck, his son, and five or six 
others stepped into the entry, between our room and Dr. Muir's, and again 
began their war-dance. Forty-three years have intervened since I witnessed 
these scenes, but still that war-whoop and rattling of clapboards by spearing 
imaginary foes are heard distinctly by me now; their blackened faces, with 
tomahawk and scalping-knife in hand, Avhirling around each other's head, I see 
again. 

This exhibition, which was, undoubtedly, intended as a mark of esteem by 
our savage neighbors, was soon brought to a close, as my mother became 



498 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

frightened and sent for my father, who soon came from the store and requested 
Kah-kah-kaw (Black Hawk) to desist, as his pale-faced squaw was alarmed. 
Turning to my mother, he laughingly remarked, " Emily, don't be afraid ; 
these people are our friends." They ceased their dance, and in the evening 
they departed up the river. On the second day they crossed the Mississippi at 
Spellman's, now Pontoosuc. They swam their horses to the island above, and, 
after reaching the main shore, journeyed on in the direction of Rock Island. 

There is no doubt that Black Hawk held my father in very high esteem ; 
but he did not think it prudent to allow his family to remain here. So we were sent 
on the Chieftain to Hannibal, Mo., which locality was considered out of danger. 
Other families went to Fort Edwards, now Warsaw. 

One circumstance occurred at Keokuk, during the war, that fully illustrates 
the Indian character. Match-e-paw and Wa-paw-si-ah, Sac Indians, and full- 
brothers to Mrs. Muir, became very restless, a short i:ime after hostilities began, 
and, as the Sac nation were at peace with the whites, they, of course, could 
take no part in it. So, on the pretense of hunting, they started up the Keo- 
sauqua Sepo, and were gone until after the battle of Bad Axe, when Match-e- 
paw returned, wounded in the palm of his hand. His family inquired the 
cause of the wound. In reply to their inquiry, he said he was trying to draw 
the load from his gun, when it went oif, shootifig the ramrod through his hand. 
We believed this statement to be true until Wa-paw-si-ah, his younger brother, 
returned soon after, who had also lost a thumb. We inquired of him the 
cause of his misfortune, and he answered by saying, " Has not Match-e-paw 
told you we were wounded in the river swimming from the main shore to an 
island at the battle of Bad Axe? " "Why, Wa-paw-si-ah," we replied, " we 
thought the Sacs were at peace with the whites ? " "So they are, with their 
neighbors," he replied, "but they do not consider it any harm to scalp a 
stranger." 

I fear I am tiring you with Indian reminiscences, so I will return to a 
description of the locality, and only remaining house in Keokuk not before 
mentioned. It occupied the point of the hill on the upper side, immediately 
behind Patterson & Timberman's porkhouse. Peter Bruseau, a Frenchman, 
occupied this log cabin, and the creek emptying into the river below his house, 
received its name from him, and was so called by the first settlers. 

Let us journey on now to the westward in search of further marks of civili- 
zation. By the side of an Indian pathway, in Sugar Creek bottom (Se-se- 
pawk-wah) we see the skeletons of a few wick-e-ups (wigwams), which assure us 
that man has been here (although a savage in these wilds) before us. But now 
all is lovely. Not even an alimo (Indian dog, half wolf ) has remained behind 
to gnaw the bones thrown from his master's camp-kettle. Onward we move, 
and arrive upon the verge of a bluff (near Sargent's, now), and behold the 
Des Moines River in the distance, with Sand Prairie intervening, bedecked in 
nature's garb, with thousands of flowers of different hues and tints, such as lan- 
guage fails to describe. We arrive upon the banks of the river, and enter the 
humble domicile of John Tolman, situated opposite St. Francisville, in Missouri. 
If this old house was upon its former foundation, you would find it about three 
hundred feet southeast of Mr. Noah Bailey's residence, in Des Moines Town- 
ship. This completes the description of all the landmarks of civilization in 
Lee County in 1831, excepting at Montrose, where grew the sour apple trees, 
which bore the first fruit of any kind I ever tasted. My uncles, Alexander 
and Hugh White, used to cross the river from where we lived opposite in Illi- 
nois, and gather these half-ripened apples when I can first remember. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 499 

I have no doubt that some of you here to-day would be pleased for me to 
describe the personal appearance of some of these pioneers, which is no easy 
task to do, even when the individual is before us, and still harder to do when 
one has not seen them for thirty years. If in attempting this description I 
commit an error, I offer an apology now, and will speak of them as I first 
remember them. 

Col. Russell Farnham, who seemed to be the representative man of the 
American Fur Company, was of medium size, inclined to corpulency. He was 
fearless and fond- of amusement, strictly honorable, and paid a bill of |500 
contracted at a gaming-table several years before, only a short time before his 
death. 

Mark Aldrich was a small man in stature, stoop-shouldered, dark com- 
plexion, black, piercing eyes, brimful of vivacity, and always ready to participate 
in the amusements of the day. The Indians called him Petete-ah-kah-kah- 
kaw — Little Black Sparrow. 

All that I can remember of Moses Stillwater is that he was a tall man, that 
he usually wore a plug hat, and, at times, did not seem to care whether " school 
kept" or not. 

Dr. Samuel C. Muir was a man of medium size^ light complexion, pale blue 
eyes, temperate in his habits and precise in business. He was the first victim 
of cholera in 1832. After he was shrouded, I observed lighted candles at his 
head and feet — a custom I had never witnessed before. 

Joshua Palean, a. native of New York, from whom one of the streets in 
Keokuk derived its name, was an Indian trader. He was of medium stature, 
and what we would term a chunky man, inclined to corpulency. He was fond 
of dress, wore ruffled shirts and sported a gold watch. He held three slaves, 
and, after his death they sued and obtained their freedom. He died of cholera 
in 1833. His daughter became the wife of Henry J. Campbell, the founder of 
Democracy in Lee County. 

Edward Bushnell, or Musco-Cheese, as the Indians called him, was a Portage 
des Sioux Frenchman. He was in the employ of the Fur Company, and after 
their departure he remained and entered into various branches of business. 

Paul Bessette, Baptist Neddo, John Shook, trappers, hunters and fishermen, 
complete the list of men in 1831. 

I fear that my narrative of the men has grown tedious, so I Avill now 
refer to my boyhood companions. Thomas Connolly was the largest boy, and 
made the sleds upon which we rode down hill. James Muir and Michael For- 
syth were the best shots with bow and arrow at a 5-cent piece. William and 
Charles Thorn excelled at robbing bird's nests. These boys were all half-breeds, 
and I was very much aggrieved at my father for causing them to be sent away 
from home to attend Richard M. Johnson's school in Kentucky. I had but 
one congenial associate left, and he was a full-blooded Indian of the name of 
Peace-0-Tuck. He could eat more corn-bread and drink more buttermilk than 
any human being I ever met. I supplied his wants hourly, for it was only on 
these terms he would remain. If I did not keep him constantly eating, he 
would not haul drift-wood nor skin catfish worth a cent. 

There was one more boy here who was not any more of a mixture than 
myself. He claimed to be a full-blooded Anglo Saxon, and you could not have 
doubted his origin if you could have seen him when he was a boy as I saw 
him. His hair resembled carrots ; his face was freckled ; his nose was red and 
■exceedingly active in its secretions, and his coat-sleeve was often brought into 
requisition, as bandana handkerchiefs were too expensive for every-day use. 



500 MlSl\>RY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Now, this good-natured boy thought himself too big to associate with a little 
fellow like me, and what do you suppose was the cause of his pride ? 1 Avill tell 
you. His brother-in-law owned a yoke of cattle — old Buck and Brandy. One 
day, this big boy (in his own imagination") had driven these cattle up the shore 
with a keelboat in toAv to Nashville. He had bouglit a pair of store-shoes, and 
wore a long-tailed white blanket-coat, and from this fact thought himself a little 
more of a man than I, who wore a roundabout, went barefooted, and did noth- 
ing but catch catfish and drift-logs. Shall I expose this boy of forty-four years 
ago by calling him by name ? Yes, 1 will do it, for '• revenge is sweet." It is 
our veteran poineer, A'alencourt Yanausdol, a man of whom any country might 
be proud, because of his honesty, upright principles and true integrity. 

Our seventeen log cabins and their forty pioneers of 1880, are phantoms of 
the past. 

The tidal wave of civilization has rolled over our land and left our pioneer 
bark siranded on the shore behind. We now have 6,000 houses and a popula- 
tion of 86,000 happy and industrious people. Our wild prairies have become 
fertile fields. AVe hear at early dawn in every forest the distant notes of 
chanticleer, and in the evening time, from the hillsides and valleys, the sound 
of tinkling bells and the lowing of domestic herds. 

Now, the fagots of Pos-o-qua no longer replenish the camp-fire, and the 
painted post on the wayside, denoting her lonely grave, has fallen into decay, 
and a marble slab supplies its place. The curling smoke from the Indian wig- 
w-am that arose from many a valley : the howl of the prairie-Avolf heard o'er 
numy a plain, and the slirill screech of tlie green-headed paroquet, as they flew 
through the wild forests, will never be heard or seen by us here again. The 
tomahawk and scalping-knife, the pioneers" dread, have been converted into cul- 
tivatoi'S and reapers, the white man's emblems of peace. 

Pioneers and Old Settlers, many changes have taken place here since we 
adopted this pleasant land for our homes. Thousands of our eotemporaries have 
played their parts and passed from the stage of life's action. While we still 
remain before the scene, let us be thankful, for our pilgrimage here must shortly 
end. The springtime and summer of life Avith us has come and gone, and autumn 
is now upon us. Soon the cold frosts of Avinter will close around us, and we 
w ill be here no more, but while Ave remain let us meet oftener together and talk 
of the good old times gone by, Avhen mothers and sisters welcomed the stranger 
to our log-cabin houjcs, and the latcli-string hung from the outside of every 
man's door. 

"'OLl> TIMES COME AGAIN. 

The sixth annual gathering of the Old Settlers' Association Avas held in 
the upper park in Fort Madison, on Thursday, the 24th day of August, 1876, 
and Avas the most interesting of any of their meetings held up to that period. 
This park is naturally a beautiful sqmire of ground, and has been carefully 
trained by the people of Fort Madison. Large trees have been groAvn Avithin 
it, and no etlort has been spared to make it an attractive place of resort during 
the hot months of summer. For this meeting of the patriarchal fathers and 
mothers of Lee County, it had been especially trimmed up and decorated. 

A regular old-fashioned log cabin had been erected in the southAvest corner 
of the square. The logs had been cut in the Avoods and hauled to the park, 
Avhere they Avere saddled and iu>tched as the cabin Avas raised. Then came the 
old-fashioned roof, ribs, clapboards, knees, weight-poles and all, the puncheon 
floor, and the door Avith its Avooden latch and the latch-string out, a sign of 
Avelcome and hospitality characteristic of the people Avho came to plant the 



HISTORY OF LEE COUUTY. 501 

standards of civilization in the Iowa wilds. An old-fashioned chimney, with 
earthen hearth and fire-place, was built at one end. Over the door, resting in 
forks cut and fitted for the purpose, was an old flint-lock musket, a relic of the 
war of 1812. Dried pumpkins, string beans, roots and herbs, hung from the 
joists. The looking-glass and brush hung against the wall. The old-fashioned 
spinning-wheel and reel stood in the places they were accustomed to occupy 
when the mothers spun and wove the material of which the family garments 
were made, and the flax-hatchel was in convenient reach. The cornmeal 
sack, from which the Indian pones, johnny-cakes and corn-dodgers were made, 
had a convenient place. Old-style splint or bark bottomed chairs had been 
resurrected and brought out from their long-time hiding-places, and made to do 
service once more. Cupboard-ware, in the pride and glory of blue pictures, 
adorned the shelves that rested on pins driven into auger-holes bored into the 
logs of one corner of the cabin. Dried gourds, and turkey-wing brushes, seed 
onions and corn selected for the next years' planting, strings of red-pepper, 
were seen here and there. Coon and wolf skins, cured and ready for a buyer, 
hung behind the door, while others were stretched and curing against the out- 
side. Within, everything was arranged just as the mothers of forty-six years 
before were wont to arrange the inside of their cabins. For this day, Mrs. 
Sena Alley, the mother of Mayor Alley, of Fort Madison, kept house and 
dispensed hospitality as she did for several years after her husband, Hosea 
Alley, settled in what is now Green Bay Township, in 1839. To this 
pleasing duty she had been assigned by the Committee of Arrangements, and 
the honor was well-merited. Hour after hour, old men and old women gathered 
around the cabin to look upon the scenes and arrangements that were once 
so familiar tothem, but long since abandoned for those of more modern sur- 
roundings. 

A Sac wigwam, a cross-looking squaw, and a papoose strapped to a board 
and propped up against the entrance, stood a little north of the cabin. A Sioux 
tepee was occupied by two frontier hunters, with their dogs, traps, rifles, etc. 
Their hunting canoe was near by. 

An old pioneer wagon, one of the kind in use a half a century ago, with 
great big hubs and dished wheels, loaded with old-fashioned household furni- 
ture, drawn by two gaunt horses and driven by N. B. Miller, drove up and 
halted in front of the cabin for safety, for the Indians were coming. Behind 
the wagon were two girls riding on horse-back, but without saddles. The 
Indians came in all the hideousness of dirty blankets, red paint, and all the 
other paraphernalia of a party of blood-thirsty red devils on the war-path. 
Whooping and yelling, they raced their ponies around the square, and finally 
halted in front of the cabin, and, Indian-like, demanded something to eat. 
Everything had been arranged with a view of presenting to the children, grand- 
children and great-grandchildren, in a lifelike manner, the scenes, incidents 
and terrors to which the pioneers were exposed who came to plant the standard 
of civilization in the land of the lowas. ^ 

The orator of the day was Charles Negus, Esq., of Fairfield, now deceased, 
and no man was better qualified for the duty. Mr. Negus came to Iowa in 
early times, when he Avas. but a young man, and had devoted much time and 
thought to the history of the country, its growth and development, and, before 
his death, in 1877, was recognized as Iowa's best historian. His address on 
this occasion was one of the master eff"orts of his life, and one that will be 
remembered till the last one of the thousands who heard it has paid the final 
debt of nature. ' "^ 



502 HISTOUY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Dr. A. C. Roberts, of the Demoemt, had prepared quarters for the accom- 
modation of the press representatives, and was honored Avith the presence of a 
large number of that fraternity. Among those who sat down to dinner with 
him on that day were the following : Col. Wilson, for a number of years the 

editor of the Fort Madison Plaindeale?-, and Mr. Pratt, his successor ; 

Frank Phelps, Chicago Times : H. W. Clendenin, Keokuk Constitution ; F. 
JE£. Semple, G-atc Citi/ : Thomas Gregg, Mural Jlessemjer, Hamilton, 111. ; 
Henry Lohmer, representing the Van Buren Democrat . and Frank Hattou, 
of the ITawk-U^i/c. Ex-editors : Dr. Charles Beardsley, formerly of the 
Hawh-Eye, and R. W. Albright, who established the Fort Madison Courier, 
in 1841. Col. J. C. Stone and Hon. W. C. Hobbs, opposing candidates for 
member ot Congress from this district in 1876, were also present, and sat vis a 
vis at Dr. Roberts' profusely-supplied dinner-table. 

Soon after dinner, came the annual election of officers. President, G. G. 
Hamilton, of Montrose ; Vice Presidents, David Bell, of Cedar Township : 
Rev. Mr. S. Pickard, Charleston ; Nicholas Sargent, Des Moines : Alexander 
Cruickshank, Franklin ; John Morgan, Green Bay ; E. jNIcCullough, Harri- 
son ; William Skinner, Jeiferson ; Valencourt Vanausdol. Jackson ; N. B. 
Miller, Madison; Elias Overton, Marion (^Montrose was not filled); George 
Berry, Pleasant Ridge ; John Herron, Van Buren ; Leonard Eoff, Washing- 
ton. R. W. Pitman, Secretary. 

Said the Democrat of August SO, in concluding its report of this gathering : 

" The old settlers formed themselves in a circle, commencing with the old- 
est members, and coming up to those of the most recent date Avhich allows a 
man or woman to claim a membership in the xVssociation. Then, hand in hand, 
those old men and Avomen pledged to each other friendship to last so long as 
their lives should continue. This Avas the most interesting ceremony of the 
day. Then came the leave-taking, which was one of the most affecting scenes 
we ever witnessed. The old patriarchs and pioneers, Avith voices trembling and 
glistening drops in their eyes, took their fareAvell of each other, for they real- 
ized that this was probably the last time many of them Avould meet on this 
green earth, and as they stood Avith hand clasped in hand, one could see that the 
grief expressed in their whole mien was too deep for utterance, and Avhen the 
final leave Avas taken, many an old man fairly broke down and shed bitter tears. 

" Alone and deserted the park looks now at sunset. The merry people Avho 
have been here all day, to the number of five or six thousand, have left, and 
only the Avatchman who guards the AvigAvams, tents, cabins and tables is left to 
look over the ground Avhicli was so clean and fresh in the morning, and that is 
now streAvn with papers and crumbs, the only thing left to show how many 
restless feet had trod the green grass during the day." 

Two other gatherings of the old settlers have since been held in the same 
pleasant place in 1877 and 1878. The log cabin is kept intact, and Avill be the 
center of attraction at each recurring gathering. 

In 1877, Mrs. Sena xllley again presided as mistress of the cabin, assisted 
by Mrs. Susan Fox. The interior and exterior arrangements, furniture, 
trappings, etc., were about the same as in the years previous. The general order 
of exercises Avere marked by the same features as those of previous meetings of 
the Association, so that to attempt a detailed revieAv of the programme Avould 
be a repetition of what has already been written. 

On the occasion of this meeting. Mayor Alley delivered an address of wel- 
come, gloAving Avith eloquence, to the many thousands Avho caiue to spend a day 
with the old settlers as they lived over again one day of the past. R. W. Pit- 



FIISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 503 

man, who took an active part in the organization of the Association, and who 
has carefully guarded its every interest, was the orator of the day, and deliv- 
ered a very happy and appropriate address. In the course of his address, Mr. 
Pitman said : " The first sermon preached in Lee County was in July, 1835, by 
a man named Joseph Howard, a Cumberland Presbyterian minister. The services 
were held in tire~caHin of~William Hunter, a little east of the site of West 
Point. The next sermon was preached by Rev. Chauncy Hobart, a Methodist 
minister from Illinois. He was out bee-hunting, and, stopping at my father's 
cabin, Mr. Hobart informed him of his double calling. I was immediately put 
on horse-back and started out to inform all the brethren that the IForci? would be 
expounded at my father's house on the following Sabbath. My mother paid 
him for his sermon by cleansing his linen. The first Sabbath school in Lee 
County was organized at my father's house in 1836." 

Chauncy Hobart here mentioned, was a pioneer missionary of the Meth- 
odist Church to the Black Hawk Purchase. In 1836, he was assigned to duty 
in Cedar and adjoining Counties, and remained there some two years, when he 
was assigned to other parts of the country. When Minnesota began to settle 
up, he Avas sent up there as a missionary, where he has ever since remained in 
the harness. He is now an old man, and a resident- of Red Wing, Goodhue 
County, where the writer met him in August, 1878. Incapacitated by old age 
from active and continuous work, he is held in reserve for urgent calls. He 
was elected Chaplain to the Legislature during the session commencing in Jan- 
uary, 1878. He is remarkably well preserved, and as full of mental vigor as 
he was when he came bee-hunting to the Lee County wilderness in 1836. 

After Mr. Pitman's address, Gen. A. C. Dodge, who was present, was 
introduced to the congregated thousands, and made a few well-timed and 
pleasant remarks. 

The following song composed by Kate Harrington (Mrs. James Pollard) 
was sung by the Glee Club, which was composed of Doctor and Mrs. Rix and 
others, the old settlers joining in the chorus with hearty voices : 

OLD SETTLERS' SONG. 
Tune — Old Folks at Home. 

Right here, where Indian fires were lighted, 

Long, long ago ; 
Where dusky forms, by rum incited, 

Danced wildly to and fro ; 
Where hirch canoes, like arrows darting, 

Swift o'er the waves, 
Showed but, a gleam of water paiting. 
Cleft by the oars of the braves. 
Chorus — We, old settlers, come to greet you, 
Proifer heart and hand ; 
Breathe, too, a fervent prayer to meet you, 
Yonder in the spirit land. 

Old Black-Hawk with his chiefs about him. 

Once gathered here ; 
Never a warrior dared to doubt him — 

" Pale-face," too, learned to fear. 
But scalping-knives and belts have vanished ; 

Fires blaze no more ; 
While like to Arab tents are banished, 
Camps from the further shore. 
Chorus. — Still, Old Settlers, come to greet you, 
Proffer heart and hand ; 
Breathe, too, a fervent prayer to meet you, 
Yonder in the spirit land. 



504 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

O, brothers! there are dear old faces 

Hid 'neath the mold : 
Forms missing from their wonted places, 

Hands we have clasped ttill and cold. 
While all the vanished years behind us, 

Leave few to come ; 
And missing links on earth remind us 

Scores have been gathered home. 

Chorus — Where, with welcome shouts, they'll greet us. 
When we reach heaven's strand; 
Fling wide the golden gates and meet us. 
Brothers in the promised land. 

The last gathering of the Old Settlers' Association was held in the park on 
Thursday, the 23d day of August, 1878. If anything, this gathering was the 
grandest and most successful of any ever held. Col. J. C. Parrott, presided. 
The preparations for the reception and entertainment of the guests made by the 
Committee of Arrangements and the citizens of Fori Madison, were on a g-rajnder 
and larger scale than ever before undertaken. The Democrat estimated that 
12,000 people were in attendance. The address of welcome was extended by 
Hon. J. M. Casey, and, as the Judge is of Kentucky parentage, it is enough to 
say that his welcoming words were not only a credit to his Iowa education, but 
to the State of his birth, whose chivalry, generosity and hospitality are known 
and appreciated throughout the civilized world. 

Judge Edward Johnstone was then introduced as the orator of the day, and 
delivered an address full of eloquence and sublimity. He dwelt largely upon 
the past, and the scenes and incidents pertinent to pioneer times. Judge 
Johnstone came to Fort Madison in July, 1837, since when he has maintained 
a continuous residence in Lee County. At that time, the country was just 
beginning to show signs of advanced civilization, and, of close observation and 
an excellent memory, no man was better calculated to call up the affairs of the 
past. Added to his natural ability, Judge Johnstone has filled several places 
of public trust, and from the day of his arrival to the present, has been closely 
identified with the public affairs of the county. He knew all the pioneers 
personally, and had seen the cabins and corn-patches of many of them give 
way to fine houses and well-improved farms. He had seen their children grow 
up to manhood and womanhood and given in marriage. He followed the 
remains of some of the patriarchal pioneers to their last resting-place, and 
after forty-one years had passed, he came to talk to those of them that still 
remained, their children, grandchildren and o-reat-orrandchildren, and their 
thousands of guests of the olden time. His address received the closest atten- 
tion, sometimes interrupted with sobs and tears, sometimes by tokens of 
applause. 

Judge Johnstone was followed by R. W. Pitman, Secretary of the Associa- 
tion with a few brief and pertinent remarks. 

" I look around in vain to-day,'" said Mr. Pitman, ■' for the familiar forms 
and faces, and the genial smiles of a Pritchett. Sawyer, Lindemuth. Mrs. John 
Scott, Alexander Gilmore, Mrs. John Burns, William G. Pitman, James T. 
Blair, John A' an Dyke. Ed. Kilbourne, old Father VVycoff", D. S. Bell, John C. 
Herring, Mrs. Chinowith, Mrs. Paschal, Mrs. J. W. Smith, Mrs. Kempker 
and others who have heretofore greeted us on occasions like this ; and I thank 
Heaven for the gift of memory, for, though lost to our sight, they live in our 
hearts. They have finished their work. To know how well they have done it, 
we may look abroad over the fertile fields and pleasant homes of this land of 
plenty. But not there alone do we look for the fruit of their labor and devo- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 505 

tion. Look into the hearts of their children and associates, and see if the 
noble, unselfish example of the departed pioneers has not created there a pur- 
pose to follow in their foot-tracks and make their lives likewise noble and 
unselfish. Thank Heaven, too, we still have some noble, living examples 
among us. Yet, we cannot but see that our ranks are rapidly thinning. Each 
year, the circle grows smaller. Each re-union, there are fewer hands to clasp. 
The hoary heads and bending forms of many here to-day tell plainer than words 
can do that soon, very soon, the pioneers of Lee County will live only in the 
hearts of those whose benefactors they have been. But their memory will be 
faithfully enshrined. The good they have done will live after them. And, 
while we grieve to see links of our golden chain disappear, one by one, yet we 
know they are not lost, but that, brightened and burnished by the Father's 
hand, they are forming a chain whose links shall never be severed." 

PRESENT OFFICERS. 

President, Hon. Edward Johnstone, of Keokuk. 

Vice Presidents : 0. Cutler, of Madison Township ; Charles Fields, Wash- 
ington ; John Morgan, Green Bay ; William Gr. Pitman, Sr., West Point; Philip 
James, Denmark ; Robert Barr, Pleasant Ridge ; Alexander Bullard, Jeffer- 
son ; D. G. Hamilton, Montrose; Amos Hinkle, Van Buren ; Nicholas Sar- 
gent, Des Moines ; Alexander Cruickshank, Franklin ; John McGreer, Har- 
rison; J. C. Parrott, Jackson; G. Ramsey, Charleston; Elias Overton, 
Marion ; James McDonald, Cedar. 

Secretary, W. G.Albright, Fort Madison; Corresponding Secretary, Robert 
McFarland, Fort Madison ; Treasurer, I. Hale,' Fort Madison ; Marshal, 

One by one, the links are dropping out of the circular chain the old settlers 
of Lee County are accustomed to form at their annual gatherings. Year after 
year, the friendship that binds them brings them closer tdgether ; and it will 
not be long until the chain will only be a bright memory in the hearts of their 
descendants. All will have gone 

" Where the saints of all ages in harmony meet, 
Their Savior and brethren transported to greet ; 
While the anthems of rapture unceasingly roll, 
And the smile of the Lord is the joy of the soul." 



AGRICULTURAL. 

As early as 1841, the organization of an agricultural society was thought 
feasible, and a meeting was called for that purpose at West Point, for July 17, 
of that year. At this meeting, Col. William Patterson, then of West Point, 
occupied the chair; James H. Cowles, a lawyer, afterward connected with J. B. 
Howell in the publication of the Bes Moines Valley Whig, and who died at 
Mobile, April 5, 1851, was Secretary. Gen. H. T. Reid and Hon. D. F. Mil- 
ler, at that time young lawyers of Fort Madison, and William A. Thurston 
addressed the meeting. A committee of five was appointed to draft a consti- 
tution and report at a meeting to be held at Fort Madison on the first Monday 
in October following. 

\ This meeting (at West Point) was attended by about one hundred and 
fifty persons, and many of the finest horned cattle of the Durham breed were 
brought in and exhibited on that occasion." 

It does not appear that the meeting appointed at Fort Madison was ever held, 
at least no record of it can be found, and it is supposed the project was abandoned. 



506 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

The next year, a three-days exhibition, consisting principally of races, was 
held near Keokuk, under the auspices of the "Lee County Association," an 
organization which was short-lived. The programme of this exhibition has been 
preserved and is here inserted, as a curiosity of the days of small beginnings : 

KACES AND STOCK SHOW 

over the Lee County Association Course, will commence on Thursday, the 8th 
day of September, A. D. 18Jf!2, and continue three days. 

First Day.^K show of Hogs, for which a premium of $5 will be awarded 
for the best Boar and Sow, each. After which, a sweepstake for two-year-old 
Colts, owned in Lee County. f 50 entrance,' half forfeit ; one-mile heats ; 
feather weights ; now three entries and closed. 

Same Bay. — A purse of $30, $20 entrance added to purse ; free for any 
Stallion that has made the season of 1842 in Iowa Territory. One single dash 
of one mile ; catch weights. 

Second Day. — A show of Cattle. There will be awarded to the best Bull, 
a premium of $10 ; also, one of $5 to the best Cow exhibited. After which, 
the Association purse, for $100, will be run for ; free for any Horse, Mare or 
Gelding ; two-mile heats ; $15 entrance ; weight for age. 

Same Day. — A sweepstake for two-year-olds ; one mile out ; $15 entrance ; 
free for any Colt or Filly. 

Third Day. — Show of Horses. A premium of $5, to the best Stallion ; 
one of $5, to the best Brood Mare, and one of $2, to the best Colt foaled in 
Lee County, the season of 1842. ^ 

Same Day. — The Association purse of $50; mile-heats; free for any 
Horse, Mare or Gelding ; $5 entrance. After which, a saddle-purse of $10 ; 
$1 entrance added to the purse ; free for saddle-nags only. 

For the satisfaction of Judges, it will be necessary for persons contending 
for premiums to produce satisfactory evidence of the stock being owned in the 
county ; also, as to the age of each animal, and all persons not members of the 
Association, who enter stock for premiums, will be charged 20 per cent upon 
the amount contended for, and in all cases of single entry, the animal must be 
considered worth the premium. 

RULES OF THE COURSE. 

1st. Every species of gambling or gaming device is positively prohibited 
on the premises. 

2d. All matters of dispute or quarrel (should any occur) must be settled 
elsewhere than on the premises. 

For the character of the Association, it is expected that the above rules will 
be complied with. 

The Association Course lies five miles north of Keokuk, within a few hun- 
dred yards of the residence of Maj. R. B. Hughes, where persons from a dis- 
tance wishing to attend the meeting, can find excellent accommodations. 

The entrances for the Premiums to close each morning of the show at 10 
o'clock ; and entrances for the Purses, at 9 o'clock the evening preceding the 
day the race is run. 

The whole to be governed by the rules of the St. Louis Track, so far as 
regards the races. 

THE LEE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY 

was organized at a meeting held in the Court House at Keokuk, November 1, 
1851. Gen. A. Bridgman was Chairman, and B. L. Doyle, Secretary. T. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 507 

B. Gumming, G. W. Edmondson and T. J. Chenowith, were appointed a Com- 
mittee to draft a constitution and by-laws, which were presented and adopted at 
the same meeting. William Lamb was elected President, William Leighton, 
Vice President, Gen. R. P. Lowe, Treasurer, and G. W, Edmondson, Secre- 
tary. Article 6 of the by-laws provided that no officer should receive any 
compensation for his services. The first Board of Directors consisted of Smith 
Hamill, of Jackson Township; Garry Lewis, of Montrose; Adam Wier, of 
West Point; Joshua Owen, of Washington, and W. J. Cochran, of Charleston. 

The first exhibition was held October 13 and 14, 1852, on the grounds of 
the Iowa Medical College, which at that time stood on the corner of Third and 
Palean streets, in Keokuk. Premiums were offered amounting to $588, divided 
as follows : On cattle, $50 ; horses, $65 ; sheep, $40 ; hogs, $30 ; poultry, 
$15; farm implements, $158; domestic manufactures, $39 ; grain, seeds, 
vegetables, butter, fancy articles, etc., $121 ; and plowing-match, $70. The 
total amount awarded was $219. 

At the close of the fair, the Directors met in the lecture-room of the Medical 
College and elected officers for the following year, as follows : Thomas W. 
Clagett, President ; Absalom Anderson, Vice President ; William Leighton, 
Secretary ; Arthur Bridgman, Treasurer. In the evening, a supper was given 
the competitors at the Ivins House. During the evening, Judge Clagett per- 
sonally promised a premium of $50, for the best ten acres of corn raised in the 
county in 1853. 

The second and third fairs were held at Keokuk, after which the place of 
exhibition was changed to West Point, where it remained until 1870. In the 
fall of that year the citizens of Fort Madison prepared grounds at that place 
and offered inducements which decided the Directors to remove the fair to that 
place, where it was held for three or four years. Here the society became 
involved and its existence terminated until 1870, when it was re-organized and 
twenty acres of ground leased at Donnellson, which was fitted up and a success- 
ful fair held that fall. The receipts at this meeting were sufficient to pay all 
premiums in full, besides paying expenses incurred in improving the grounds. 
The society is now on a good footing, and it is believed the annual fair at Don- 
nellson will be a permanent feature of the county. 

When the society removed from West Point, the citizens of that place and 
vicinity, organized under the name of the West Point District Association, 
which has since continued to hold successful fairs at that place. They occupy 
the same grounds prepared for the Lee County Agricultural Society on its 
removal from Keokuk. 

The Iowa State Agricultural Society held its annual meetings in Keokuk in 
1869, 1870 and 1874, on the grounds of the Union Agricultural Association. 
These meetings were the most successful in the history of the State Society, and 
a large surplus over expenses was left in the hands of the Treasurer. 



RAILROADS. 

THE "RAM'S-HORN." 

" It wired in and it wired out, 
And left the people still in doubt, 
Whether the snake that made the track 
Was going South or coming back." — Old PoUtieal Song. 

In 1851, a project for building a railroad from Keokuk to Dubuque, with a 
branch to Council Bluffs, was agitated, and received the support of many of 



508 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

the leading politicians and newspapers of that day. Because of the crooked- 
ness of the proposed line between Keokuk and Dubuque, the opponents of the 
scheme gave it the name of the " Ram's-Horn Railroad," by which synonym 
it is still remembered. Col. Reid says in his " Old Settlers": "The idea 
adv^anced was that it was to be mainly, if not altogether, built by a grant of 
lands from Congress to the State of Iowa for that purpose. Every town of any 
pretensions on and off the river expected to get this railroad. Surveys were 
made, not for the purpose of establishing any route, but to attract public atten- 
tion and to keep up the excitement ; and it answered its purpose. It had its 
day till the election of United States Senator was over, and then|it died. Like the 
track of a snake in the dusty road, it ran everywhere, or appeared to run every- 
where but ran nowhere. It was ridiculed as the ' Ram's-Horn Railroad,' as it 
was as crooked as a ram's horn. This was necessary to accommodate everybody. 

" The local politicians of the different counties advocated the ' Ram's-Horn,' 
and held it up before the people as the thing that was to enrich them. It was 
to run through every county and by every man's door. The Dispatch and 
Sharp Stick, edited by T. B. Cuming (afterward Governor of Nebraska), Keo- 
kuk daily and weekly papers, of which he was the editor, was its loudest cham- 
pion, and he was going to have a railroad — the ' Ram's-Horn Railroad " — built 
from Keokuk to Dubuque without fail, via Iowa City and no mistake. It was 
a big thing for Cuming, and just the thing on which to make a United States 
Senator from whom he could get an office — which he did. It was a bold and 
successful strategy, and Cuming was an able writer and played his hand so 
skillfully as to accomplish his purpose. 

"Maj. McKean, who was a graduate of West Point, and distinguished 
himself as an officer in the Mexican war, was the Chief Engineer of the ' Ram's- 
Horn Railroad.' He then lived at Cedar Rapids, was a Brigadier General in 
the late war, commanded a division, and was a very gallant officer, and as 
honest as the day is long ; for he was not a politician." 

It was a political scheme, planned for political purposes, and died the 
death. 

AID TO RAILROADS. 

It was in 1853 that the mania of voting aid to railroads and other improve- 
ments attacked Lee County. Judge Edward Johnstone was then County Judge, 
and, in obedience to numerously signed petitions, he called an election for 
November 26, of that year, on the proposition, " Shall the county of Lee aid 
within the limits of said county in the construction of said roads, to wit : The 
Keokuk, Fort Des Moines & Minnesota Railroad, and the Fort Madison, West 
Point, Keosauqua k Bloomfield Railroad, by subscribing two hundred thousand 
dollars to the capital stock of each of the companies of said roads." 

County bonds were to be issued therefor, payable within twenty years from 
their date, bearing interest at a rate not exceeding 7 per cent, payable semi- 
annually ; and that whenever either of said companies had obtained a sufficient 
amount of subscription to its stock as would, in the opinion of the County 
Judge, secure the completion of its road, then county bonds, in proportion to 
the subscription above stated, were to be issued to the company. 

The call for the election also stated that a tax not to exceed 1 per cent on the 
county valuation should be levied annually, to be applied to the liquidation of 
the interest and principal of the bonds, pi'ovided dividends on the stock were 
not sufficient. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 509 

The vote at that election for and against the subscription by townships was 

as follows : 

For. Against. 

Green Bay 41 12 

Denmark 43 42 

Pleasant Ridge 69 27 

Marion 54 38 

Cedar 40 18 

Harrison 29 70 

Franklin 30 105 

Washington 90 16 

Madison 464 1 

Jefferson 27 40 

Charleston 44 96 

Van Biiren 24 36 

Des MoiaeF 11 73 

Montrose 15 201 

Jackson 803 13 

West Point 180 17 

1,964 805 

Thus was the measure carried, and it appears by the record that the sub- 
scription to the stock was made by the County Judge April 4, 1855. 

In the mean time, a petition from more than one-fourth of the legal voters 
of the county had been filed with the County Judge, praying that the question 
of a rescission of the subscription be submitted to the people, and an election was 
ordered for the first Monday in April, 1855. Before that date, however, other 
petitions flowed in, asking that the election be postponed for a time, and a new 
proclamation be made in which it should appear that the word " each " in the 
proposition carried at the first election had occasioned the change of sentiment 
in the minds of the people. Accordingly, an election was called by the County 
Judge and the question submitted to vote, as follows : 

" That the subscription of Lee County, Iowa, of |200,000 to the capital stock 
of each of the companies of the Keokuk, Ft. Des Moines & Minnesota Rail- 
road, and the Fort Madison, West Point, Keosauqua & Bloomfield Railroads, 
as voted November 26, 1853, be rescinded, and held for naught." 

The vote on the rescission, by townships, was as follows : 

For. Against. 

Green Bay — 61 

Denmark 66 13 

Pleasant Ridge". 36 71 

Marlon 48 58 

Cedar 50 33 

Harrison 132 — 

Franklin 172 4 

WestPuint 24 187 

Washington 10 104 

Madison 1 908 

Jefferson 46 15 

Charleston 175 2 

Van Buren 73 7 

Des Moines 102 1 

Monti'ose 180 3 

.Jackson 438 54 

1,553 1,521 

The question of rescission was carried by a majority of 32 votes. 

There was an evident desire among the people to encourage the building of 
railroads, and on the 3d of August, 1856, another petition was presented to 
the County Court, Samuel Boyles, County Judge, and an election ordered for 

M 



510 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Wednesday, September 10, 1856, on which day the pi'opositions were voted 
upon in the folk->\Ying form : 

" Shall the county subscribe $150,000 to the capital stock of the Keokuk, 
Ft. Des Moines & INIinnesota Railroad Company?" 

"Shall the county subscribe $150,000 to the capital stock of the Keokuk, 
Mt. Pleasant & Muscatine Railroad Company?" 

" Shall the county subscribe $150,000 to the capital stock of the Fort Mad- 
ison, West Point, Keosauqua & Bloomfield Railroad Company ? " 

Each proposition was to be voted on separately, and no stock was to be sub- 
scribed unless each and all propositions received an affirmative majority, the 
roads to give bonds that proceeds of the sale of bonds should be expended 
within the county, and all stocks taken under previous election to be sur- 
rendered. 

The total vote on the first proposition was 3,474, and it was carried by 1,600 
majority; the second was carried by 1,652, and the third by 1,602 majority. 

KEOKUK, DES MOINES & MINNESOTA RAILROAD. 

Iij 1853, a company was organized to build a railroad up the Des Moines 
Valley from Keokuk to Fort Des Moines and thence north to Minnesota. A 
survey of the route was made in 1854, under direction of Col. J. K. Hornish, 
and the contract for its construction was let to Smith, Leighton & Co., who 
commenced operations early in the season of 1855. In the spring of 1857, 
the road was ironed to Bentonsport, A'^an Buren County, where it remained in 
abeyance until 1860, Avhen it was extended to Eddvville. It was completed to 
Des Moines in 1868-64. 

KEOKUK, MOUNT PLEASANT * MUSCATINE RAILROAD. 

The Keokuk, Mt. Pleasant & Muscatine Railroad Company was organized' 
at Mt. Pleasant in 1854. In 1855,' the company voted to place the entire 
management of the construction of the proposed road under the supervision 
and control of Col. Hornish. for a period of one year. In the spring and sum- 
mer of 1856, the road was finished from Keokuk to Montrose. The citizens 
of Keokuk voted an issue of $100,000 in bonds in aid of this enterprise, and 
$52,500 were raised by private subscriptions among the commercial men and 
capitalists of St. Louis. As soon as Col. Hornish assumed the entire manage- 
ment of the construction of this road, he went to St. Louis and met the repre- 
sentative men at the Chamber of Commerce, to whom he presented his plans. 
He entered into a detailed argument to show that, with this road completed, the 
price per ton for lightening freight around the rapids would be reduced from 
$2 to 50 cents. His statements were so concise and convincing that, 
with a commendable spirit of enterprise and liberality, they readily subscribed 
the sum above named in aid of the enterprise he represented. That liberality 
was not only valuable to the business interests of St. Louis, but of almost 
incalculable benefit to the country tributary to the Mississippi above the Rapids, 
as it saved to the people of the upper country $1.50 on every ton of freight 
consigned to them, and but for that liberality the accomplishment of this 
economic measure might have been delayed until the completion of the 
canal. 

The two first locomotive-engines used on this road were brought from St. 
Louis, where they were manufiictured by Messrs. Palm ct Robinson. They 
were not so large as some of more recent manufacture, but were every way as 
good, and among the best ever used on Iowa railroads. The company named 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 511 

one of them after Col. Hornish, out of compliment to his energy and fidelity in 
the unaided management of their interests, and the other one was named 
" St. Louis," out of compliment to the liberality of the citizens of St. Louis. 

While the road from Keokuk to Montrose was building, the Fort Madison 
people took measures to build a railroad to Viele Station, and, in 1857, the 
Keokuk, Mount Pleasant & Muscatine road was extended from Montrose to 
Viele, thus connecting Keokuk and Fort Madison by bonds of iron. The road 
terminated at Fort Madison, and remained in abeyance until 1869. In that 
year it passed into the ownership of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Com- 
pany, and was completed to Burlington in 1870. 

LOGANSrORT, PEORIA & WARSAW RAILROAD. 

. The Logansport, Peoria & Warsaw Railroad Company was organized in 
1853. In 1856, that portion of the line between Hamilton and Carthage was 
taken in charge by Hugh W. Sample, as Commissioner, and completed between 
the two points. After that, the work of construction was suspended until 
1859, when Col. Hornish, Guy Wells and June McCune undertook to extend 
the road from Carthage south to Clayton, in Adams County, 111. This was 
known as the Illinois & Southern Iowa road, and was designed to connect 
with the Toledo, Wabash & Western road at Clayton, and thus secure a direct 
eastern outlet for Keokuk. Active work was commenced in 1860. In 1861, 
the war came on, and, in consequence of a scarcity of men, the progress of the 
work was slow and tedious. In the fall of 1862, they commenced laying the 
iron, and in March, 1863, the extension was completed. No local aid was given 
to this undertaking. The projectors and builders, aided by parties in interest 
with the Toledo, Wabash & Western line, advanced all the money needed for 
its completion. In 1863, Charley Frost, and the Secors, of New York, built 
the road from Carthage to Peoria. 

BURLINGTON A SOUTHWESTERN RAILROAD. 

This road was built under the management of a company that organized at 
Burlington in 1869. The active members and managers of the company were 
Hon. Joshua Tracy, James Putnam and John H. Davey, of Burlington, and 
Col. Hornish, of Keokuk. From Burlington to Viele, the cars of this road 
use the track of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy road. The independent 
track commences at Viele, and runs due west, through the central part of the 
county, to Farmington, in Van Buren County ; there crosses the track of the 
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway, and terminates at Laclede, Mo. Work 
commenced at Viele in the summer of 1870, and. was completed to Farmington 
in the spring of 1871. 

MISSOURI, IOWA & NEBRASKA RAILROAD. 

This enterprise was first undertaken by E. Piatt Buell, of Warsaw, 111, in 
connection with enterprising citizens and capitalists of Clark County, Mo. Part 
of the track was graded by Mr. Buell, in 1867-68. In 1867-68, Gen. Drake, 
of Centerville, Iowa, and his associates succeeded Mr. Buell, the company was 
re-organized, the route was changed, and, aided by a combination of Pennsylvania 
railroad interests, work Avas recommenced and vigorously prosecuted from Alex- 
andria, Mo., to Centerville, to which point it was completed about 1874. In 
1878, arrangements were made to extend the road up to Keokuk over the track 
of the road known as the Keokuk route. 



51-2 HISTOKY OF l.KE COUNTY. 



FORT MADISON AND NORTHWESTERN NAKRO\Y-GAlGK. 

This road is a Eort ^ladison enterprise. The eompany was organized on 
Monday, Julv IT, ISTl. I'he objeer was ro build a narroAv-gauge road from 
Fort Madison via West Point, Birmingham, FaivtieKl and Oskaloosa-, to Goun- 
eil BlutVs. The present Directors of the company are Dr. A. 0. Roberts, J. C. 
Walker, Charles Doerr, A. L. Oourtright, John Van Valkenbnrg, J. J. Atlee, 
Georilie Schlapp, Fort Madison: Iv. "W. Pitman, West Point; E. Pitkins, Bir- 
minixliam. Dr. A. 0. Koberts, President: J. 0. Walker, Vice President : 
Chaa-les Doerr, Secretary, and A. L. Oourtright, Treasurer. 

The road is being built by the Fort Madison Construction Company, com- 
posed of the following-nained business men and capitalists : S. & J, C. Atlee, 
Oeoriie Schlapp, A. B. Garner, N. C. Roberts, Charles Doerr. A, L. Court- 
riixhtrE. Pitkiu, Henry Catterniole, "W. II. Krersinger and Peters c*!: Barnhart. 
J.'^C. Atlee, President: W. II. Kretsinger, Vice President; Charles Doerr, 
Secretary : Charles H. Peters, Treasurer. 

The road is graded to West Point, a distance of twelve miles, and ready for 
the iron, Avhicli is contracted for and would have been delivered by the -0th of 
March, ISIS, but for the burning of the mills. It is in contemplation to have 
the cars running between Fort Madison and West Point by the first of May, 
ISTO. and ro Birmingham, forty-one miles, by the 1st of January. ISSO. 

ST. LOUIS, KEOIvUK; & NORTHERN RAILROAD. 

Tn ISTil, E. Pratt Buell, of Warsaw, 111., and citizens of Alexandria and 
Canton, Mo., organized a company to build a road from Alexandria along the 
west bank of the Mississippi River to a point opposite Quincy, 111. The road 
was completed about 1ST4. After the road was completed, it passed under nsw 
manai^ement, and was extended north to Keokuk, and is also being extended 
south to St. Louis. 

OlSPOSITION OF THE K A ILK AD AID. 

Of the 1^50,000 voted in aid of railroads by the people of Lee County, 
|!1 50.000 was expended under the management controlling the Fort Madison. 
West Point .V: Bloomtield road, which was built from Fort Madison to A'iele. 
The Sl^^O.OOO voted to the Keokuk, Mount Pleasant ^^ Muscatine road was 
applied to the extension of the road from ^lontrose and in ironing the road to 
A'^iele. The other J?lo0,000 was used in building the Des Moines Valley road 
from Keokuk to Bentonsport. 

Tlio railroad indebtedness of the county, including accumulared interest, is 
now about ^ToO.OOO. 

FIRST RAILROAD TICKET OFFICE. 

J. R. Tewksbury, now of Fort Madison, has the honor of selling the first 
railroad ticket sold* at Keokuk. In the spring of 185l\ he opened a general 
ticket and freight office on Second street, between Main and Johnson, which was 
conducted in the interests of the Chicago, Burlington ^'t Quincy Railroad Com- 
pany. The office was afterward removed to Main street, at the Laclede House. 
Mr.' Tewksbury remained in railroad business until about IStJi?. Ho is now in 
the photograph business at Fort Madison. 

FLANK ROAD. 

The Des Moines Valley Plankroad Company was organized in ISol, and 
in May the contract was let to Brownell, Connable & Cunningham, from Keo- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 513 

kuk to Clinton, nt |>2,3i)() per mile. Tlio road Avas to be completed as far as the 
end of Muddy Lane by NoV(Mnber 1, and the balance to be done the next sea- 
son. The road Avas originally located to run to Birmingham, in Van Buren 
County. Branches to Salem and Fairfudd were contemplated, but never com- 
pleted. 

DES MOINES BAPIDS. 

TIIK CANAL. 

Tiic Des Moines or Lower llapids, are situated near the mouth of the Des 
Moines River, and extend from Keokuk to Montrose, a distance of eleven miles. 

Above these Rapids, the contour lines of the range of bluft's on either side 
indicate that, at some period in the history of the Mississippi Valley, the river 
widened and assumed the dimensions of a small lake. 

The outlet of this lake was at the present head of the Rapids. The waters, 
by their ceaseless action, through ages of time, aided by ice and other geolog- 
ical agencies, gradually eroded a channel through the rocks, until it has increased 
to its present dimensions. 

The bluffs on each side of the river are contiguous to the shore line, and 
vary from one hundred to two hundred and fifty feet above the Avater. The 
river-bottom is a broad, smooth rock, seamed by a narrow, crooked channel, or, 
in some places, several of them, alternately widening and narrowing, shoaling 
and deepening — noAvhere good navigation. The Rapids, therefore, arc not 
bi-oken and noisy, but, tlie descent being gradual, the Avater flows over its bed 
in a broad, smooth, unbroken sheet, Avith nothing but the faintest ripple on its 
surface to indicate the dangerous places. The casual observer Avould not sus- 
pect the presence of the Rapids, were he not informed beforehand." 

The fall in eleven miles is 22 feet ; average Avidth of the Mississippi River, 
4,r)00 feet; its mean depth, 2 and 4-10 feet; and its mean surface velocity, 2 
and 88-100 feet per second. 

The tortuous, uncertain channel over these Rapids precludes the possibility 
of any craft navigating them in loAV-Avater. Even if the channel itself Avas Avide 
and deep, no pilot would dare to undertake to pass them at night. 

The Avorst portions of the Rapids are called by river-men "chains," of which 
there are five principal ones. These chains are miniature ridges, stretching 
diagv^nally across the river, and, as before stated, have Avorn upon them a smooth 
surface, Avith a narroAV channel, or a series of them, cut through by the action 
of the water. These chains lie betAveen Keokuk and Nashville (Iowa), a 
distance of eight miles. 

At Montrose, the head of the Rapids, betAveen the island and the main shore, 
there is an extensive "■ patch '" of rock, to remove Avhich, coffer-dams Avere built, 
the Avater pumped out, and a channel blasted out 200 feet Avide and 5 feet deep. 

The question of improving the Rapids has impressed itself upon the minds 
of the people of this country for many years past, and the great want of it has 
been felt by steam b.oat-men. The actual annual cost to river navigation on 
account of these Rapids, for lighterage, reshipment by rail, etc., has varied 
from $200,000 to |600,000. No one can, therefore, deny the expediency of 
the great work required at this point. 

As early as 1830, the General Government took steps to survey the locality, 
and made preparations for the improvement. In 1837, Lieut. (afterAvard Gen- 
eral C. S. A.) Robert E. Lee made a survey and map of the Rapids, submitting, 
at the same time, various plans of improvements. Subsequently, Lieut, (after- 



514 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

ward Major General TJ. S. A.) Gr. K. Warren extended the investigation and 
made more professional researches into the practicability of making the Rapids 
navigable. It was left to Brevet Maj. Gen. J. H. Wilson to carry out the only 
feasible plan for the long-looked-for passage across the Lower Rapids. Gen. 
Wilson was assigned, in 1866, to the charge of the Des Moines and Rock 
Island Rapids of the Mississippi River. The improvement, as carried out by 
him, consists of an independent ship-canal, seven and six-tenths miles long, 
reaching, on the Iowa side of the river, from Keokuk to Nashville ; two hundred 
and fifty feet wide in excavation, and from three to four hundred feet in 
embankment ; in extreme low-water, to have a depth of five feet. 

In this canal are three locks — one guard-lock at the upper end and two lift- 
locks. The lower lock, at Keokuk, has a lift often and three-quarters feet ; the mid- 
dle lock, two miles above, a lift of eight feet. The guard-lock is so constructed 
that in very high water, it, too, can be used as a lift-lock. Each lock is 350 
feet between the miter-sills, 80 feet wide in the chamber, and is filled through 
culverts leading from each gate recess, and, passing in the rear of the main 
walls, discharging through openings in the chamber- walls. Each lock can be 
filled in from three to five minutes. 

The canal is excavated to such a depth and the embankment walls raised to 
such a height as to meet the requirements of the low and high waters of 1864 
and 1851, respectively. The difference between the above stages of water at 
Keokuk is twenty and seventy-two hundredths feet. 

The river embankment of the canal consists of the best earth, protected by 
a well-laid riprap (slope) wall. It is ten feet wide on top, and the sides having 
the slope of one and one-half base to one vertical on outside, and one and one- 
quarter to one on inside, giving an average height of twenty feet, and is two 
feet above high-water mark of 1851. The bank is constructed by first throw- 
ing in broken stone to such a height above water as to warrant the safety of lay- 
ing a track upon it. This " toe," or base of riprap, forms a nucleus, on the 
inside of which earth is thrown. This is widened and raised to the required 
dimensions. 

When this becomes water-tight, cross-banks are constructed from the 
river-bank to the shore line, at irregular intervals, to inclose the portions 
requiring excavation. A series of pits are thus inclosed, which are pumped 
dry, and the prism of the canal brought to the required grade. The material 
thus excavated goes to form bank and wall in other places, and no material is 
wasted. 

The locks are constructed of the best magnesian limestone, laid in hydraulic 
cement. The stone was quarried in the line of bluffs adjacent to the Rapids. 
It is of the best quality, and before acceptance of the work, each stone passed 
through a rigid inspection by an engineer in charge. The walls of the lower 
lock are twenty-three and five-twelfths feet high ; middle lock, twenty feet, and 
guard-lock, eighteen feet. All of them ten feet wide on bottom, six feet wide 
on top. and provided with suitable buttresses. The face of the chamber has a 
batter of one-half inch to one foot. Wooden gates, with iron heelposts and 
quoin-plates are supported by iron suspension-posts, held in position by rods 
anchored into the masonry. A stationary steam-engine, by means of appro- 
priate shaftings, opens and closes the gates and wickets. 

The cost of the entire work, inclusive of the Montrose work, was estimated 
by Gen. Wilson, in 1866, to be |2,710,000. The machinery for operating the 
lock-gates and wickets is made from an original design of Maj. Amos Stickney, 
the officer in local charge of the improvement. It consists of a system of pul- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 515 

leys, chains and wire ropes, operated by means of a pump forcing the water into 
hydraulic cylinders sunk behind the walls back of each gate, and connected by 
means of iron pipes with an engine situated near the head of the lock, so that 
one man at the engine can handle the massive gates and wickets with ease and 
precision. 

The machinery was all manufactured at the Buckeye Foundry and Machine 
Shops of Sample, McElroy & Co., of Keokuk. 

The formal opening of the canal, August 22, 1867, was an important period 
in the history of the Upper Mississippi Valley, and was attended by large dele- 
gations of business men from St. Louis and other commercial centers interested 
in river commerce. Since the opening, there has been no interruption in the 
canal traffic, although considerable work remains to be done before the enter- 
prise is fully completed. 

The amount appropriated by the Government, to this time, has reached 
^4,281,000, the excess over first estimates having been caused chiefly by inad- 
equate appropriations, causing delays and necessitating large repairs from over- 
flows and natural waste. 

It is believed that in the construction of this canal a vast water-power has 
been created, which will be utilized, at some future time, for manufacturing 
purposes, which will add largely to the wealth of the State and importance of 
Keokuk as a commercial center. 

OLD-TIME RIVER- CRAFT. 

Before the application of steam as a driving force for water-craft by Robert 
Fulton, about the year 1807, keelboats and flatboats were the only kind of ves- 
sels known to the commerce of American rivers. Keelboats were of oldest 
origin, and, as they have gone almost entirely out of use, a description of them 
is here preserved : Keelboats were built something like a modern barge, only 
their hulls were lower. They were from 50 to 80 feet long, and from 10 to 15 
feet beam, and from 2 to 2^ feet holds. A cargo-box was built on the deck, 
and generally extended to within about ten feet of either end, and set in about 
two feet' from the gunwale, about two feet on each side, leaving a gangway or 
walking-board, as it was called, on each side the whole length of the boat. 
Sometimes, these walking-boards projected over the hull. The rudder was a 
long sweep, something like a gigantic oar. The keelboat was driven by poles, 
by rowing, poling, bushwhacking, cordeling and warping. When the water 
was high or the boat was running close on shore, the crew would grasp the 
bushes growing on the bank and pull the boat up river. This was called 
"bushwhacking." Sometimes a long rope would be attached to the mast, and 
the crew, walking on the shore with the other end, towed the craft up stream. 
This was called cordelling. At other times, when cordeling was impracticable, 
a.s in crossing rapids, a long line would be carried ahead and made fast to a tree 
or rock, or to a small anchor, and the crew in the boat, taking the line over their 
shoulders, would walk from bow to stern, drop the rope, then walking back on 
the other side to the bow, would take it up again, in the rear of the others, and 
thus keep the boat in motion. 

THE LIGHTENING PERIOD. 

From the time when steamboats first began to navigate the Upper Missis- 
sippi River, until the canal was so far completed as to be serviceable, these 
Rapids were a serious hindrance to navigation, except in stages of high water. 
In 1828, the steamer Mexico, in descending the river, struck a rock and sprang 



516 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

aleak. Isaac R. Campbell was on board at the time, and dived down and put a 
blanket in the hole, which partially stopped the rush of water. The pumps 
were set to work and by dint of hard exertion, the boat was got as far doAvn 
the river as Nashville, where she keeled over, and remained submerged until 
raised by workmen on the canal. Mr. Campbell has in his possession a coffee- 
mill that was taken from the sunken vessel, which he preserves as a relic from 
one of the old-foshioned steamboats, the like of which will never be seen on 
any part of the Mississippi River again. 

Previous to 1830, there was but little occasion for steamboating above the 
Rapids, but as the upper country began to settle up, river traffic increased, and 
it is safe to assume that the hindrances caused by these rapids in the transporta- 
tion of freight and the cost of lightening vessels over the Rapids, involved a loss 
of many millions of dollars to the people and commerce of the States that bor- 
der the river above them. Until the canal was opened to traffic, boats loaded 
at St. Louis or other lower river points for points above the Rapids, were 
obliged to discharge their cargoes at the foot of the falls and procure its trans- 
portation over the rapids by vessels of lighter draught. In river parlance, 
this might be called the lightening period, and involves four distinct changes 

before the canal : 

I. KEELBOATS. 

Keelboats were first used for lightening purposes. They were first propelled 
with poles, and afterward by oxen and horses. Six to eight horses were 
retpired to draw a keelboat with from fifty to sixty tons of freight over the 
rapids, and generally cost about §100. After the steamboat was unloaded, it 
passed over the Rapids, reloaded and went on its way. 

Mr. Isaac R. Campbell engaged in the lightening business, and was the first 
to conduct a keelboat-lighter over the Rapids. 

In keelboat times, before hack lines were established between Keokuk and 
Nashville, steamboat passengers, ladies excepted, walked around the Rapids. 
When the rush to the lead-mines and other parts of the country along the 
Upper Mississippi River was at full tide, steamboats were the only means of 
conveyance, and it was no unusual thing to see two and three hundred men 
trudging along between these points. Hacks, for the conveyance of passen- 
gers, were brought into use about 1840, and passengers were conveyed around 
the Rapids at a charge of from 50 cents to $1 each. 

II. FLATBOATS. 

In 1837, Dan and Adam Hine succeeded Mr. Campbell in the lightening 
traffic, and introduced flatboats. These boats were usually from 100 to 110 feet 
in length, with flat bottoms, and from 16 to 20 feet in width. They were towed 
up over the Rapids with horses. In descending, sweepa, such as are used on 
lumber or log rafts, were used to guide and propel the boat. 

The Hines continued lightening until the steamboat interest became a monop- 
oly, under the name of the St. Louis & Keokuk Northern Line Packet Com- 
pany, which controlled the lightening business until the canal was opened. 

III. STEAM TOWBOATS. 

With the advance of time and the increase of business, the Hines introduced 
steam towboats, which they continued as long as they remained in the business. 

C. F. Davis, President of the State Savings-Bank at Keokuk, was engaged 
in the business in opposition to the Hines. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 517 

Very few boats we're detained at the Rapids at a less expense than $700 to 
on each trip. 

IV. THE RAILROAD. 

The settlement and development of the upper country increased its com- 
merce, and there came a demand for a speedier and cheaper means of trans- 
portation over or around the rapids, and a company was organized to build a 
railroad from Keokuk to Montrose. The road was completed in 1858, and 
commenced carrying freight around the Rapids. The Hines continued their 
towboats in opposition to the railroad until the canal was opened. 



DES MOINES RIVER IMPROVEMENT. 

Mr. Charles Negus, an authority in matters pertaining to the history of Iowa, 
published the following interesting account of the various improvement schemes 
connected with the Des Moines River, in the Annals of Iowa. We give the 
entire article : 

" The river Des Moines has connected Avith its history many things of 
interest. It is proposed at this time to notice some of the historical events 
connected with this river since the land through which it passes was purchased 
by the Government from the Indians. 

" On the first settlement of Iowa, the building of railroads had just com- 
menced, and but very few in the West knew anything about this mode of con- 
veyance for travel and commerce. At that time, steamboats for these purposes 
were the great absorbing idea. This river, in high stages of water, was 
thought to be susceptible of steamboat navigation far into the interior of the 
State, and those who first settled in the vicinity of this river eagerly looked 
forward to the day when steamboats would move up and down these waters in 
large numbers, and when from long distances from its banks, travel and com- 
merce would seek a conveyance through this channel. And these expectations 
were apparently well founded. In 1836, the Sacs and Foxes, having dis- 
posed of their reservation on the Iowa River, where they had villages, moved 
west, and settled in the valley of the river Des Moines, in what is now Wapello 
County, and, as a natural consequence, trading-posts were established in this 
vicinity, which had to be supplied with goods ; and in the fall of 1837, the few 
settlers along the banks of this river were' for the first time, gladdened with 
the sound of the shrill whistle of a steamboat, making its way up the river 
with supplies for these trading-posts. 

'' This boat was the S. B. Science, commanded by Capt. Clark, which, by 
forcing its way against the swift current, passing safely over the concealed 
sandbars and hidden rocks, demonstrated that the waters of this river, at high 
stages, were navigable, much to the joy and satisfaction of those who lived 
in the vicinity, and afforded a theme for pleasant conversation for days and 
months 

" By the treaty of 1842, by which the Sacs and Foxes sold all their lands 
in Iowa, they were permitted to retain possession of that portion which lay 
west of Red Rock, for three years, and the Indians moved up the river, and 
located themselves near the Raccoon Fork, and the Government thought proper 
to locate a body of troops at that point ; and for the conveyance of soldiers 
and their equipage to that place, the little steamer lone was employed and 
laden with stores, and a detachment of troops landed on the site where is 
now the city of Des Moines, on the 9th day of May, 1843. This is the first 



518 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Steamboat that ever ventured to disturb the waters of this river, so far from its 
mouth. The lone, having made a successful trip, added greatly to the expects 
ation of the estimated importance and value of this thoroughfare, which wa- 
brought to the attention of Congress, and, on the 8th of August, 1846, a law 
was enacted giving to Iowa, for the purpose of aiding to improve the navigation 
of the river Des Moines, from its mouth to the Raccoon Fork, an equal moiety 
in alternate sections of the public lands remaining unsold, in a strip five miles 
wide on each side of the river, to be selected within the Territory of Iowa, by an 
agent, or agents, who should be appointed by the Governor of the Territory, 
subject to the approval of the United States Treasury. 

" When this grant Avas first made, it was not supposed by any one that it 
extended above Raccoon Fork, and Gov. Clark, in communicating the intelli- 
gence to the Legislature, estimated the grant to amount to about three hundred 
thousand acres. This part of the Governor's message Avas referred to a select 
committee, for them to take into consideration whether it Avas advisable for the 
State to accept the grant, and if so, to devise the method of disposing of the 
lands, and the mode of improving the river. 

" The committee, after having the matter under consideration several weeks, 
through their Chairman, Dr. James Davis, of Wapello County, made a very 
lengthy report, in Avhich tliey took the ground that the grant Avas not limited to 
lands beloAV the Raccoon Fork, but extended to every alternate section for five 
miles on each side of the river to the nortliAvest boundary of the State, if not 
to the source of the river. They estimated the grant to contain 400,000 acres 
below the Raccoon Fork, and 560,000 above, making 960,000 acres of land. 
The report of the committee, at first, was looked upon, as visionary, and but 
very little calculation was made on getting any land above the fork of the river ; 
but a matter of so much importance was not passed over without examination 
and full discussion. 

" From this time on, for several years, the improvement of the river Des 
Moines entered largely into the politics of the State. Politicians became inter- 
ested in it ; the construction put upon the grant by the committee Avas the pop- 
ular side, and found many advocates,* and scarcely any one opposed it. The 
committee reported in flivor of receiving the grant, with provisos, and a bill for 
creating a Board of Public Works. On this report, the Legislature passed an 
act accepting the grant, Avith a proviso that it Avas not to form a part of the 
500,000 acres which the State w^as entitled to by an act of Congress of 1841, 
giving to each new State that amount of land for internal improvements. This 
was conceded by the General Government, and it also permitted the State to 
divert 500,000 acres from works of internal improvement to the purpose of 
education. The Legislature, on the 5th of February, 1847, also passed an act 
creating a Board of Public Works, and providing for the improvement of the 
river. The Board consisted of a President, Secretary and Treasurer. Avho were 
to be elected by the qualified electors of the State, on the first Monday of the 
following August. The President was to be the active agent of the Avork. and 
AN'as required to make monthly reports of his doings and of the progress of his 
work to the Board ; the Secretary was to record the proceedings of the Board 
and to sell the lands : the Treasurer Avas to receive and disburse the moneys. 
The officers were required to commence the Avork on the Mississippi, near 
Keokuk, at the mouth of Dead Slough, or of the Nassau Slough, and then up 
the slough to the river. And subsequently, the work was commenced by under- 
taking; to dio; a canal from the mouth of Nassau Slouo;h to St. Francisville, the 
first place on the river where it was thought practicable to build a dam. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 519 

" About $150,000 were expended in the effort, but the attempt proved to be 
an impracticable undertaking, and after expending this large amount of money, 
the work of digging a canal was abandoned. At the August election, Hugh 
W. Sample, of Jefferson County, was elected President ; Charles Corckery, of" 
Dubuque County, Secretary, and Paul Braton, of Van Buren County, Treas- 
urer. The officers elected were qualified, and at first opened their offices at 
Fairfield. Samuel R. Curtis, from Ohio, was selected by the Board as Chief 
Engineer ; but there was very little done this season toward improving the 
river, further tlian making surveys. The necessary surveys having been com- 
pleted, early in the spring of 1848, the work was commenced. The canal and 
three dams were put under contract, and about five hundred hands were put at 
work. On the 21st of August, the building of ten more dams was contracted 
for, and there seemed to be a fair prospect for the speedy completion of the 
entire improvement. 

" There was at this time but very little known of the resources of the upper 
valley of the river Des Moines. This year, by authority of the United States, 
provisions were made for a geological survey in Iowa, and a party was sent up 
the river, which explored it to its source. The report made by this party was 
very flattering. They reported that coal was found for two hundred miles on 
the Des Moines, and from indications, heavy deposits of iron were believed to 
exist ; that gypsum in abundance, forming cliffs for miles, was encountered ; 
and that limestone, that makes a superior hydraulic lime, existed in abundance; 
limestone, suitable for lime, clay suitable for brick, rock suitable for polishing, 
for grindstones, whetstones and for building purposes, some of superior quality, 
were found in abundance along the Des Moines. And Col. Curtis, in specu- 
lating upon the future, in his report to the Legislature, led the people to 
anticipate great results from this improvement. He said : ' No country can 
afford like accommodations to manufactures ; no country can produce more 
agricultural wealth than that within sixty miles on either side of this river.' 
And further : ' That, taking all things into consideration, the matter is math- 
ematically certain (except in times of high water in the Missouri), the trade of 
Council Bluffs will incline to follow down the improvement. But it is not this 
point alone that is reached ; we enter the great valley of Nebraska, and the 
upper branches of the Missouri, and offer the commerce of these valleys the 
cheapest and most expeditious route for their products. A country of a thou- 
sand miles extent, capable of furnishing vast and unknown agricultural 
and mineral products, may, by wise and discreet energy in the prosecution 
of this work, become tributary to the improvement now in progress on the Des 
Moines." 

"These glowing reports of the country and the advantages to be derived 
from the improvement of the river excited the public mind to the highest 
expectations, and the people became very anxious to secure as much of the 
public lands as possible, that this great undertaking might be speedily com- 
pleted ; and to ascertain the construction put upon the grant by the General 
Government, application was made to the Land Department for a decision. 
Richard M. Young, the Commissioner of the General Land Office, on the 23d 
day ol February, 1848, in a letter addressed to the Board of Public Works, 
gave it as his opinion that the State was entitled to the alternate sections 
within five miles of the Des Moines River, through the whole extent of Iowa. 
This decision gave assurances that the ^amount of land claimed would be 
received. The Board of Improvement made great preparation for rapidly 
pushing on the work, and the public mind was exhilarated with the greatest 



520 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

hopes of speedily realizing the great advantages represented to be derived from 
this undertaking. 

"But, as it is the lot of man to meet with disappointments, such seems to 
have been the result in this case; for it was found that the lands could not be 
sold fast enough to meet the expenses of so extensive a work a? had been 
undertaken. To remedy this difficulty, the Board of Public Works recom- 
mended to the Legislature ' that bonds, bearing the sanction of the supreme 
power of the State,' should be issued by the Board, and pledging the proceeds 
of the sales of the lands, as well as the tolls of the improvement, for their 
redemption. But this policy did not meet with the sanction of some of the 
leading Democrats of the State, who regarded such a measure as not being in 
accordance with Democratic principles, among whom Avere Ver Plank Van 
Antwerp. Van AntAverp, having held the office of Receiver in the first land 
office established in Southern Iowa, and then holding the same office at Fair- 
field, and also, for aAvhile, editor of a paper, was extensively known, and at that 
time exerted much influence among the people, and he took a very active part 
against the proposition recommended by the Board. He claimed that the 
measure was not only Anti -Democratic, but impolitic, and went to Iowa City 
as a lobby member, and made himself very busy Avith the members to defeat it; 
and the opposition Avith Avhich it met from Van AntAverp and other private 
individuals had its eifect Avith the members of the Legislature, and the measure 
was defeated, much to the discomfiture of Sample. The interference of Van 
Antwerp with the recommendations of the Board created a coolness between 
Sample and Van Antwerp which caused some singular results in the future 
political matters of the State. 

"During the summer of 1848, a portion of the land above the Raccoon 
Fork Avas brought into the market and offered for sale at the land office at loAva 
City, and some of the lands Avhich it was supposed were embraced Avithin the 
river grant were sold by the General Government. The failure of the Board 
to get the Legislature to authorize them to issue bonds, and the selling of these 
lands by the General Government, greatly frustrated the plans of the Board 
and put a damper upon the public expectation. For the purpose of securing 
the full amount of land claimed, the Legislature passed a memorial asking Con- 
gress to enact an explanatory laAV confirming to the State the quantity of land 
claimed. But Congress did not feel disposed to do this, and the extent of the 
grant Avas a disputed question for several years. 

"At the August election, in 1849, the officers of the Board of Public 
Works Avere to be again elected, and the old officers were desirous of holding on- 
to their offices, and Sample made great efforts to have the old officers renomi- 
nated by the State Convention for candidates before the people. Those Avho were 
in favor of issuing bonds for the speedy completion of the Avork Avere in favor of 
re-electing the old Board ; those who wei-e against this measure Avere opposed to 
them. Among those Avho took an active part against the old Board Avas Van 
AntAverp, and his opposition Avas particularly made against Sample, Avhich got 
up much ill-feeling between them. Van AntAverp, to accomplish his ends before 
the convening of the Convention, prepared a stricture on Sample's political acts, 
which showed him up in no very enviable light. Van AntAverp Avent to Iowa 
City, Avhere the Convention was to be held, a short time before it convened, and 
had his strictures printed in handbill form, and on the morning of the Conven- 
tion circulated copies all over the city, so that a copy found its way into the 
hands of every delegate. This had the eff"ect to beat Sample and the other 
officers of the Board, and William Patterson, of Lee County, was nominated 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 521 

for President ; Jesse Williams, of Johnston, for Secretary ; and George Gillaspy, 
of Wapello, for Treasurer. 

" These individuals were all elected, entered upon the duties of their trust, 
and with energy undertook to complete all the work which had been put under 
contract. But they soon found that they could not sell lands fast enough to 
meet their expenditures, and had to suspend a portion of the work. But they 
did not do this until they had contracted a large amount of debts, which they 
had not the means to pay. The new Board, on making settlements with the 
■contractors, not having the money to pay them, issued bonds or certificates of 
indebtedness, pledging the lands for their payment, and binding the Board to 
redeem them as soon as they had the means to do it. So the new Board, with- 
out the sanction of law, did what the old Board had tried to get the Legislature 
to authorize them to do by law, and for which policy they were turned out of 
office and others put in their place. Those contractors who were stopped from 
going on with their work claimed damages ; legal proceedings were had and 
some of them recovered large amounts. 

''The course pursued by the new Board met with much censure from the 
public and the newspapers; particularly the Whig press was very severe in its 
strictures. The course Avhich had been pursued by the Board of Public Works 
made the improvement of the river Des Moines a prominent matter before the 
Legislature, which convened in December, 1850. The issuing of bonds did not 
meet with the approval of that body, and a law was passed abolishing the offices 
of President, Secretary and Treasurer, and the offices of ' Commissioner and 
Register of the Des Moines River Improvement ' were created, which, instead 
of being elected by the people, were appointed by the Governor, by and with 
the consent of the Senate. 

"As soon as the law abolishing the Board of Public Works went into eifect, 
the Governor appointed Ver Plank Van Antwerp, Commissioner, and George 
Gillaspy, Register of the Improvement, who, on the 9th of June, 1851, entered 
into a contract with Bangs Brothers & Co., of New York, in which they stip- 
ulated to complete the whole work, from the mouth of the river to the Raccoon 
Fork, in four years from the time when for the improvement of the river a con- 
firmation should be secured of the extension of the grant of land above that 
point. When the contract was closed, Bangs Brothers & Co. and the officers of 
the Improvement went to work and succeeded in getting the Land Department 
of the General Government to reconsider the decision in which it had been held 
that the grant of land only extended to the Raccoon Fork, and obtained a decis- 
ion that it extended to the northern boundary of the State, which gave hopes 
that the river would soon be mada navigable. On the first reception of the newfe, 
there was much rejoicing, but when the details of the contract with Bangs 
-Brothers & Co. were made public, it was found that the contract provided that 
the lands below the Raccoon Forks were not to be sold for less than $2.00 per 
acre, and those above for not less than $5.00. 

" This gave great dissatisfaction, for a great portion of these lands was occu- 
pied by claimants who expected to buy their claims at $1.25 per acre, as others 
had done who had settled upon Government lands. This provision stirred up 
much ill-feeling among the settlers ; public meetings were held, and this part of 
the contract was condemned in the strongest terms; and such were the feelings 
that there were apprehensions of serious difficulties if this part of the contract 
should be enforced. But when these excitements were at their highest, news 
came that Bangs Brothers & Co. had failed, and probably their contract would 
be annulled, and this allayed the public feeling. Bangs Brothers & Co. did not 



D22 history of lee COUftTY. 

comply with their contract in furnishing means, and the work on the river did 
not go on, and the public expectation of a speedy completion of the proposed 
improvement vanished. 

"The officers of the Improvement Avere appointed for only two years, and 
at the expiration of their term of office. Van Antwei'p was re-appointed Com- 
missioner, and Paul 0. Jeifries was appointed Register. But these last appointed 
officers held their trust but a short time, for during the past two years the work 
on the river had progressed very slowly ; the contract with Bangs Brothers & 
Co. had been declared forfeited, and it^was understood that other sources Avere 
to be looked to for going on with the work. The officers appointed by the 
Governor not being successful in their undertaking, the Legislature, on the 1st 
of January, 1853, repealed the law authorizing the Governor to appoint, and 
made these officers again to be elected by the people, and on the first Monday 
in the following April, Josiah Bonney, of A^anBnren County, was elected Com- 
missioner, and George Gillaspy. Register. And, for the purpose of aiding the 
Commissioners in conducting and concluding any contract on the subject of 
improving the river, theLegislatuie appointed George G. Wright, of Van Buren 
County, and Uriah Biggs, of Wapello, his assistants, • with equal powers of the 
Commissioner in making and determining such contract." 

"From past experience, it was not deemed advisable to parcel out the work 
to many individuals, and consequently these officers were required by the Legis- 
lature not to make any contract, unless such contract stipulated for ' at least 
^l,ot^(i,000 to be faithfully expended in the payment of the debts and liabilities 
of the Improvement, and its completion to the greatest extent possible." And 
to this end, if it was necessary, they were authorized 'to sell and dispose of all 
and any lands which had been or might hereafter be granted by Congress for 
the improvement of the river; and, if it was necessary to effect a contract, they 
were authorized to convey the right to tolls and water rents arising from the 
Improvement, for the length of time and upon such terms as they might deem 
expedient. But in disposing of the lands, they were not to contract them for 
less than ^l,2o per acre ; " and if no contract of this character should be made 
before the 1st of September, 1853, then the pay of all the officers connected 
with the work, except the Register and one engineer, was to cease, and all 
operations connected with the work, except such parts as Avere under contract, 
were to be suspended until further action by the Legislature. The Register 
was required to put all unfinished Avork then under contract in such a condition 
as to prevent it from injury, and to see that all property of the State con- 
nected with the work was carefully preserved. If the Register, at any time 
subsequent, should receive propositions which he deemed sufficient for con- 
sideration, he was to siibmit the same to the Commissioner : and should a con- 
tract be made on the terms required by the Legislature, then the pay of 
the officers should commence and the work go on as though it had not been 
suspended. 

" The ncAv Commissioner, being conscientious about the expending of money, 
immediately after taking charge of the work, dismissed all the engineers, except 
Guy Wells, the chief engineer, and employed no officer or other persons, except 
AAhen the necessity of the Avork imperatively demanded it. There were in 
several places of the ri\-er snags and boAvlders, Avhich much obstructed the nav- 
igation, and had become a soiti'ce of much inconvenience and complaint : but 
during the official term of Bonney, the river was ' cleared of snags, boAvlders 
and other obstructions to such an extent as to make the navigation of the river, 
at proper stages of the Avater. safe.' 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 523 

"The Commissioner and his associates, after assuming the duties of their 
trust, entered into correspondence with such persons and companies as they 
thought likely to embark in such an enterprise. And by this means they suc- 
ceeded in eliciting the attention of capitalists to such an extent that a number 
of persons came to the State for the purpose of investigation. These persons, 
by an examination of the valley of the Des Moines personally, and making 
themselves acquainted with the resources of the country, on their return East, 
imparted to others the undeveloped wealth and advantages of the valley, which 
was the means of bringing many good and enterprising citizens to the State. 
Among others who visited Iowa for the purpose of investigation was Henry 
O'Rielly, a man who had acquired some considerable notoriety as a contractor 
in putting up telegraph wires, and he proposed to undertake the work. Such 
was the known reputation of O'Rielly as a contractor that the Commissioner 
and his associates commenced the negotiating of a contract. And 'on the 17th 
of December, 1853, Henry O'Rielly, Esq., of New York, entered into a con- 
tract with the Commissioners, in which, for the consideration of the unsold lands 
belonging to the Improvement, and tolls and water rents and other profits aris- 
ing from the work, for the term of forty years, agreed to complete the entire 
work within the period of four years from the 1st day of July, 1854, according 
to the original surveys and specifications made by the engineers.' 

" Immediately upon entering upon this contract, O'Rielly returned East 
and organized a company, under the laAvs of Iowa, called the Des Moines Navi- 
gation & Railroad Company,' to which O'Rielly assigned his contract, himself 
being one of the officers of the Company. On the 9th of June, 1854, by the 
consent and request of O'Rielly, and with the approbation of the officers of the 
River Improvement, the contract with O'Rielly was canceled, and another con- 
tract was made with the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company. In this 
contract, the Company agreed to pay all outstanding debts against the Improve- 
ment within ninety days from the date of said contract, to settle and pay all 
damages against the State of Iowa, on account of the prosecution of said work, 
to mill-owners, or others who have, or might thereafter, sustain damages on 
account of the same ; to pay the salaries and expenses of the officers and 
engineers in charge of the work ; to complete the Improvement from the mouth 
of the Des Moines River to Fort Des Moines, in accordance with the original 
plans and specifications of the State Engineer, by the 1st day of July, 1858 ; 
and to construct the whole work in such a manner as to assure the navigation 
of the same for the longest period each year practicable, and to complete at 
least one-fourth of the work each and every year, commencing on the 1st day 
of July, 1854. 

" In consideration of this understanding, the Commissioner agreed to con- 
vey to the Company all the unsold lands belonging to the Improvement, the use 
of the work, the tolls and water rents for the term of forty-oiie years. And 
afterward, in consideration of the Company enlarging the works and making 
some other improvements in the navigation of the river, and also on account of 
there not being as large a quantity of land undisposed of below Fort Dodge as 
was understood to be by the Commissioners and the Company at the time of 
making the contract, a majority of the Commissioners, Bonney and Biggs, 
entered into an article of agreement with the Company, in which they promised 
to extend the time of the Company's use and control of the work to seventy- 
five years 

" Under this contract, the public expected that the work would be immedi- 
ately commenced by the new contractors and speedily completed. The great 



524 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

€xpectations which at first had been raised by the contractors, under the name 
of the ' Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company,' soon after they under- 
took the work began to diminish ; for there soon arose disagreements and mis- 
understandings among themselves. The Company had been organized under 
the general incorporation laws of Iowa, and, consequently, was subject to the 
laws of the State. At the called session of the Legislature, in 1856, Donald 
Mann, a stockholder of the Company, memorialized the Legislature to correct 
the ' manifold abuses ' of which he charged the Directors of the Company to 
have been guilty. In this memorial, he charged that the managers of the Com- 
pany had, in various Avays, 'corruptly and for corrupt purposes,' violated the 
laws of the State, ' greatly to the injury of the people thereof, and to the great 
loss and damage of the stockholders,' and showed in detail wherein they had 
acted corruptly and violated the laws under which the Company was incorpo- 
rated. Among other things, he stated that, ' for the purpose of deceiving the 
people and individuals in relation to their means,' they had represented to the 
public and to individuals that there had been paid into the treasury ' enor- 
mous sums of money, on account of stock sold, for much larger amounts than 
had been received. And, the better to accomplish and maintain such decep- 
tions, the Managers (or a majority of them) caused to be issued certificates of 
stock to the amount of, nominally, |630,000, or 6,300 shares of flOO, for cash, 
of which shares they had represented to the public and individuals that the 
holder had paid the sum of $100, amounting to |630,000, when, as a matter 
fact, there was only 5 per cent paid on eac'u share, by which means the public 
and many individuals Avere deceived.' 

" Henry O'Rielly, the individual with whom the contract had first been 
made, a stockholder and one of the Directors, also memorialized the Legisla- 
ture for an investigation of the aff'airs of the Company, in which he re-asserted 
the charges made b}^ Mann, and stated that he held himself ready, if the Legis- 
lature would order an investigation of the doings of the Company, to prove, 
from the records of the Company and from other evidence, ' that there was 
scarcely an important provision in the code of Iowa (applicable to corporations), 
scarcely an important point in the Des Moines Improvement laws, scarcely an 
important provision in the contract which the Company agreed to fulfill, scarcely 
an essential provision in its by-laws, or even in the charter which gave it legal 
existence, which had not been violated, and violated with a recklessness that 
will form a memorable feature in the history of Iowa.' 

" A joint committee was appointed from boch branches of the Legislature, 
at the called session, to investigate the alleged abuses ; but, owing to the shoi't 
time in which they had to act, it was impossible for them to make the necessary 
investigation. An attempt was made to create a committee for this purpose to 
act after the Legislature adjourned ; but this failed, so that the alleged abuses 
passed by without examination at that time. These memorials to the Legisla- 
ture and the discussion of these matters by the newspapers, greatly prejudiced 
the public mind against the Company ; and while these discussions were going 
on, W. C. Johnson, the President of the Company, requested the Governor to 
examine into its aifairs, in person or by committee, and proposed to pay the 
expenses of such an examination. The Governor did not feel disposed to com- 
ply with the request, but referred the matter to the Legislature, which convened 
the following December, and recommended that a committee should be appointed 
with power to administer oaths and to send for persons and papers, with instruc- 
tions to inquire into all the transactions of the former Commissioners and Reg- 
isters of the Improvement. 





OA 




'//y<^^ 



HISTORY Oh' l-KK CODN'I'V. fi'Al 

"■ IMiis piu't. ()(' iJic. (JovcM-Mor'.s incHS!i;;f(! wn,M rolnrrcd l.o :i, committee of twolvc!, 
<!onHiHl,i)i<i; of iri(!iril)(!r,s of both braricliOH of IJio liCifriHhil.uro, wlio immcdiiitoly 
prococdcd to tliu di.scliarj^o of tlieir duties. After ;i, eiircilul ii,nd tliorougli exairi- 
ination, this committee reported that they did not eoriHiihir the contract ma,do 
by th(! (JomiiiissioTicrH with the Company a vnlid contract on bcjlialf of the Sbite, 
foi- the liiw which juilliorized tlie (Jommissioner and lic^^i.st.cr to innkc contnicts 
nujiiired l.ii!i,t •,u\y conlracjt miidci by thorn, to b(i valid, muHt bcs appr'oved by 
the Governor, and tliat the subsequent law, which created two Assistant (jom- 
missioners, did not do away with the provision requiring the Governor to approve 
of such contriWits. And, as the contract made with the Company had never 
been approv(Ml by the Governor, they did not regard it as binding on the 
State. The Comiriitt(!e also ref)ort(!d tluit the Com])i),ny ha,d •.idcjl in bii,d fa.ilJi, 
and violat(Ml iJuiir cha,rter in ma,ny ways; and, among other things, tliey found 
that over !j)51,0()(),()()() of full-|)a,id slock had been issued by the (Jompany, up(m 
which had be(m received but |1()7,000, leaving a deficit of |8-:}8, 000, for which 
certificates of full-paid stock ha,d been issued, for which not a fa,rthing had been 
r(M!eiv(*d by the (Jompa-ny, which had ))een sohl to innocent |)urcha,Mers for a 
valuabhj (!onsi(h!ra,tion, who ha-d purclia,s(!(l, believing its full valiie had been 
paid into the treasury of the (Jompa,ny. The (Jompa,ny had come far short of 
completing the amount of work wiiich they were re(juired to do under their 
contract, and their acts gave strong indications that their object was to expend 
money enough to get ])Osscssion of all the avaihd)le la,nds, a,n(l then abandon the 
work; for more tha,n on(!-lialf of the time wiiicJi was given for comphiting tlie 
entire cowiv.wA: ha,d (expired, a.nd on a work whi(;h wa,s (sstima-ted to cost a,bout 
.|2,000,()00 they had expended about .ij;iHr>,!),'-,7.41 for an actual construction of 
the work, while the Company claimed that they had expended 1 104, 180.74 for 
incidental expenses, the most part of which did not, in any manner, benefit the 
Tmprovcsmcnt. Yet the (Jompa,ny claimed that they were entitled to land at 
i|1.2.'3 per acre in paym(!nt for the whole amount. 

" On the 2(1 of vVpril, 185,^), William McKay, of Polk County, was elected 
(Jommissioner, and John C. Lockwood, of Louisa County, Register; but in 
November, 18.06, McKay resigned, and Edwin Manning, of Van Buren 
County, was appointed by the Governor to fill his place. Manning bore the 
name of a good business man and a close financier, and he was not willing to 
audit the claims for incidental expenses as one for which the Company were 
entitled to reccsive land; and this became a matter of dispute between the Com- 
pany and Cominissioner, and, in order to have the matter adjusted, the Presi- 
dent proposed to make an abatement of $72,000 ; but Manning did not feel 
disposed to settle the ma,tter himself^ and referred the whole claim to the Legis- 
lature. 

" Manning, in his report to the Legislature, showed that there had been sold 
by the State, through the Board of Public Works, during the six years that 
the State prosecuted the work, about $75,000 worth of land ; and for this sura 
only 'three stone-masonry locks' and two dams had been completed ; and there 
had been certified to the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company, by Bon- 
ney and (jillaspy, 88.853 10-100 acres of land, and by McKay and liockwood, 
116,0'50 4-100 acres at $1.25 per acre, making $256,801.58 worth of land, 
which had beoi disposed of to the present Company, a part of which amount 
was for old debts which they had paid. 

" The report of the Committee and Commissioner having been made to the 
Tjcgislature, that body, acting upon the premises that the contract which had 
been made by the Commissioners with the Company was not binding upon the 



528 HllSTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

State, on the 29th of January, 1857, passed an act by which there was to be a 
Commissioner appointed by the Governor, who, with the regular Commissioner, 
was authorized to contract for the speedy completion. of the work, and it was 
made their duty to ascertain and pay off all just claims against the Improve- 
ment ; and they were authorized to contract with any company for the sale of 
all lands, tolls and water rents who would give satisfactory evidence and security 
for the completion of the Improvement. But they were not to bind the State 
by aAy contract further than the appropriation of the land and the income of 
the Improvement ; and no contract made by the Commissioners was to be valid 
until approved by the Governor. And by this act. the offices of Register and 
Assistant Commissioner were abolished, and the Register was required to deliver 
over to the State Land Office all books and papers in his office ; and the Reg- 
ister of the State Land Office was required to perform all the duties which the 
Register of the Improvement had done. And by thus doing, the Legislature 
gave the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company to understand that they 
did not regard the contract, made by them with the Commissioners as binding 
upon the State, though by this act they made arrangements for auditing their 
claims and paying them their just dues. 

About this time, the question was brought up in the Land Department at 
Washington, as to the extent of this grant of land, and the opinion was made 
public that the original intention of Congress was to only give to the State the 
lands below the Raccoon Fork ; but a disposition was manifested to compromise 
by the department recognizing as being in the grant all lands adjacent to the 
river within the State. But assumptions had heretofore met with success, and 
now those interested in the land-grant claimed and contended that this grant 
embraced all the lands to the source of the river. This difficulty about the 
extent of the land-grant, together with the action of the Legislature, nearly 
suspended all operations on the river, and much was said by the Company about 
enforcing their claims by law. 

" The Commissioners appointed to audit and pay the claims against the 
Improvement did not succeed in adjusting the claims of the Company, and the 
matter was again referred to the Legislature ; and, on the 22d of March, 1858, 
there was a joint resolution passed by the Legislature, defining the basis upoa 
which the State would settle, and the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad 
Company was given sixty days to consider whether they would accept of and 
ratif}' this proposition ; and if they did not, within that time, then it was made 
the duty of the Governor to enjoin them from further proceeding with the work 
of the Improvement. Also, on the same day of adopting this resolution, there 
was an act passed giving all the lands Avhich remained after settling with this 
Company, ' and also all the stone, timber and other materials turned over to the 
State by the Company,' to the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines & ISIinnesota Rail- 
road Company for the purpose of constructing a railroad from Keokuk up the 
Des Moines Valley, to the northern line of the State, except the material which 
it might be necessary to use for the completion of the locks and dams at Cro- 
ton, Plymouth, Bentonsport and Keosauqua. which the Railroad Company were 
to complete ; and also, all debts which grew out of the Improvement, which at 
that time remained unsatisfied, or were, in some manner, provided for. But in 
this grant there was a provision made that it should not, in any manner, con- 
flict with the lands which had, previous to that time, been given to the State by 
Congress for railroad purposes, which, on the loth of July, 1855, had been 
given by the Legislatures to the companies formed to build the four roads desig- 
nated by the grant. But it was understood that these lands, having been 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 529 

donated by Congress for the improvement of the navigation of the river Des 
Moines, could not be diverted to the building of a railroad without the consent 
of Congress, and measures were immediately taken to get Congress to sanction 
the diversion ; but this attempt failed, so that the action of the Iowa Legisla- 
lature did not avail the Railroad Company anything that session. The Railroad 
Company determined to make another eifort at the next session of Congress ; 
but before the time for this eifort, another dijBBculty arose in the way of obtain- 
ing the lands for the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines & Minnesota Railroad Com- 
pany. . . ' . 

" In setting up the claims that the grants for improving the river Des 
Moiues extended above the Raccoon Fork, the citizens of Iowa were united 
until after the grant of lands by Congress for railroad purposes was made. 
After this, the railroad companies became interested in the lands claimed for 
the River Improvement, and claimed that the grant did not embrace any lands 
above the Raccoon Fork, on which the citizens of Iowa were now divided, and 
both sides of the question were represented. Upon this phase of the case, 
the officer of the Land Department at Washington had but very little hesita- 
tion in deciding against the claims of the River Improvement. After this 
decision was made, the legal tribunals were resorted to, and a case was taken to 
the Supreme Court of the United States^ where the same decision was given as 
in the Land Office. 

"•On the 3d of March, 1860, there was an act passed abolishing the office, 
of Commissioner of the Des Moines River Improvement, and George G. Wright, 
Edward Johnson and Christian W. Slagle were appointed a Board of Commis- 
sioners for the purpose of ascertaining all the liabilities against the Des Moines 
River Improvement, and against the State of Iowa, growing out of the Im- 
provement. They were required to meet at Keosauqua, and were clothed with 
power similar to the District Court, to hear and determine all claims growing 
out of the Improvement, and were authorized to sell all the interests of the 
State, and all dams and improvements, and the lands appertaining thereto. 
These Commissioners proceeded with their duties, and with their labors closed 
all official acts, as far as the State was concerned, in applying the proceeds of 
this land-grant toward the improvement of the navigation of the river Des 
Moines. 

" This was a most magnificent grant, embracing some of the best lands in 
the State ; and if the proceeds had been judiciously and properly expended, 
would have made a great thoroughfare for steamboats, besides affording an 
immense water-power for driving machinery. But, through the incompetency 
of managing the means, and the intrigues of designing men, the whole of the 
lands below the Raccoon Fork, and a large quantity above, were disposed of 
and very little practical good accomplished toward the navigation of the river." 



THE HALF-BREED TRACT. 

[See pp. 164-5-6.] 
COURT DECISIONS. 

Under the act of Congress approved January 30, 1834, giving the half- 
breeds a title to their lands in fee simple, a horde of speculators rushed to the 
country to trade and bargain with the half-Indians. Sharp bargains were 
made, and many of those for whose benefit the law was passed parted with their 
lands for a mere trifle. 



530 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

The commission appointed to decide upon the validity of claims first met at 
Montrose, on Wednesday, the 9th day of May, 1838, where claimants were 
summoned to appear and "prove up." The hearing of testimony continued 
until the first session of the Iowa Legislature (which met November 12, 1838), 
when influences were brought to bear that secured the repeal of the act under 
which the commission was appointed, as well as the purposes for which it was 
intended. This repeal not only re-opened the claim question to disturb the 
country again, but also ■deprived the Commissioners of their per diem from the 
Territorial treasury. 

When the repealing act was introduced, the friends of the Commissioners 
attached thereto certain sections giving them a lien on the half-breed lands. 
The second section of the act provided that the several Commissioners, by and 
under the act repealed, who were authorized to sit and take testimony, etc., 
under said act, " may immediately, or as soon as convenient, commence action 
before the District Court of Lee County for their several accounts against the 
owners of the half-breed lands, ahd give eight weeks' notice in the Iowa Terri- 
torial Gazette to said owners of such lands ; and the Judges of said District 
Court, upon the trial of said suits before it at the next term, shall, if said 
accounts are deemed correct, order judgment for the amount and cost to be 
entered up against said owners, and said judgments shall be a lien on said 
lands," etc. The third section declared "the words 'owners of half-breed 
lands lying in Lee County ' shall be a sufiicient designation and specification of 
the defendants in said suits." And by the fifth section it was provided that 
"the trial of said suits shall be before the Court, and not a jury; and this act 
shall receive a liberal construction, such as will carry out the spirit and inten- 
tion thereof" 

At the August term of the District Court of Lee County, 1839, two judg- 
ments and executions on these lands were obtained — one in behalf of Edward 
Johnstone, for $1,290 ; the other in behalf of David Brigham, for $818, for 
services rendered as Commissioners ; and the whole Half-Breed Tract was 
sold to Hugh T. Reid. The Sheriff, Hawkins Taylor, returned on both the 
executions that he had levied " on the Half-Breed Sac and Fox Reservation in 
Lee County, Iowa Territory, commonly called the Half-Breed Tract, and had 
advertised and sold the same for $2,884.66." 

In pursuance of this sale, William Stotts, the Sherift', succeeding Hawkins 
Taylor, made to Hugh T. Reid, the purchaser, a deed for the lands levied on, 
containing 119,000 acres, more or less. 

Mr. Reid sold more or less of it, at diflerent times and to different pur- 
chasers, but the titles based on the judgments did not hold good. 

In the litigation which followed, the titles derived through Reid were known 
as the "judgment titles." 

Early in 1841, Edward Johnstone and Hugh T. Reid (then law partners at 
Fort Madison), as attorneys for the St. Louis claimants of half-breed lands, 
filed a petition at the May term of the United States District Court for the Ter- 
ritory of Iowa for a decree of partition. Francis S. Key, author of the " Star 
Spangled Banner," who was then an attorney for the New York Land Com- 
pany, which held heavy interests in these lands, was one of the attorneys for 
the Company, and drew the decree by which the Half-Breed Tract was parti- 
tioned and divided amongst the several claimants to the ownership of the lands. 
Judge Charles Mason, of Burlington, presided. The decree for partition divided 
the tract into 101 shares, and arranged that each claimant should draw his pro- 
portion by lot, and that they should abide by the result, whatever it might be. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 531 

The decree of partition was signed by the Court May 8, 1841. Now fol- 
lowed, until about fifteen years thereafter, a series of lawsuits between the 
claimants under tlu; judgment and decree titles on the one side, and the settlers 
on the Ilalf-Breed Ih'act, who numbered several thousand, on the other side. 
These titles were also contended against by parties who owned half-breed titles, 
but had not been recognized by the decree, which was one of mutual compromise 
by the parties then before the Court. Finally, partly by compromise and partly 
by success of litigation, the decree title obtained the advantage, and became the 
settled and established title to the Ilalf-Breed Tract. 

["A Member of the Bar" prepared a very full and concise history of the 
legal contest, and the status of the titles as they existed at the time, which was 
published in the Keokuk Register in December, 1848, where it is preserved, and 
where it may be reviewed if any of the points involved ever become subjects of 
controversy or dispute.] 

Owing to the fact that no names wore mentioned in the law giving the half- 
breeds power to sell, it was difficult to fix upon the real owners. Sometimes a 
full-blooded Indian sold a tract of land in which he had no earthly interest. 
Sometimes a half-breed of some other tribe palmed himself off as a half-breed 
Sac and Fox, and in other instances genuine half-breeds sold and conveyed their 
interests to several different parties. From these causes it became difficult to 
determine between an honest title and a bogus one. Confusion became worse con- 
founded. Many people had settled on the lands under the impression that there 
was no title vested in any person ; that the land still belonged to the General 
Government, and that they were entitled to pre-emption rights as first settlers. 
Owing to these different opinions, there was a considerable population on the 
land when the decree of partition was made Avho held defective titles, and who, 
in numbers as well as determination, were too formidable to be hastily removed. 
Under such circumstances, it is not strange that there were numerous instances 
of attempted resistance to legal process of ejectment, or that fierce excitement 
and violent outbreaks were of frequent occurrence. 

THE PRESS. 

" But mightiest, of the mighty means 
On which the arm of progress leans, 
Man's noblest mission to advance, 
His woes assuage his weal enliance, 
His rights enforce, his wrongs redress — 

MiGHTlKST 01' MIGHTY IS THE PllKSS." 

FIRST IOWA NEWSPAPERS. 

The first newspaper published in what is now the great State of Iowa, was 
the Dubuque Visitor^ printed by William C. Jones on a press brought from 
Ohio by John King in 1884, when he came to assume the office of Chief 
Justice of Dubu([ue County, one of the two into which the Black Hawk Purchase 
was divided when it was made part of Michigan Territory. The first number 
of the Visitor was issued May 11, 1836, and the first type-setting was done by 
Andrew Giesecker, who, for many years afterward, was associated with the 
Iowa press. 

Soon after the appearance of the Dubuque Visitor, Dr. Isaac Galland com- 
menced the publication of a paper at Montrose, called l^ie Westetm Advent- 
urer, but it lacked support, and its publication was suspended in less than two 
years. 



532 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



FORT MADISON NEWSPAPERS. 

Some time after Dr. Galland suspended the publication of The Adventurer, 
he sold the material on which it was printed to James G. Edwards, who came 
from Jacksonville, 111. Mr. Edwards removed the office to Fort Madison and 
commenced the publication of the Fort Madison Patriot, the first number being 
issued on the 24th day of March, 1838. The Patriot was a strong partisan 
sheet, and was the 'first Whig paper published in Iowa. 

The Patriot was commenced as a twenty-eight column sheet, in the first 
number- of which appeared the following suggestion of the editor : '^ If a division 
of the Territory is eft'ected, we propose that the lowans take the cogm^men of 
' Hawk-eyes.' Our etymology can thus be more definitely traced than that of 
the Wolverines, Suckers, Gophers, etc., and we shall rescue from oblivion a 
memento, at least, of the name of the old chief. Who seconds the motion?" 

After the Territory of Iowa was created, the seat of government was located 
at Burlington, and Edwards was induced to move his press to that place, where, 
on the loth of December, 1838, he issued a specimen number of a paper called 
the Burlington Patriot, but the regular publication did not commence until 
June 6, 1839. 

The Fort Madison Courier was established by R. Wilson Albright, who 
brought out the first number July 24, 1841, with an humble apology for failing 
to get out his paper according to schedule time, on account of unavoidable delay 
in getting his material from St. Louis, and with a neat salutatory stating that 
the Courier would maintain a neutral position in politics. The subscription 
price of the paper was fixed at |2.50, in advance, $3.00 if paid at the expira- 
tion of six months : and if unpaid at the end of one year, $4 was the sum 
demanded. 

In the first issue of the Courier appears a description of the difterent towns 
in Lee County, taken from •' Newhall's Sketches of Iowa," a small work pub- 
lished in 1840. The population of Fort Madison was estimated at this time at 
TOO, Keokuk at 150. In this first issue also appears Philip Yiele's address of 
welcome to Governor Chambers, on his visit to Fort Madison, July 20, and the 
Governor's reply; also, notice of a meeting held at West Point, July 17, for 
the purpose of organizing an agricultural society, and of an interesting camp- 
meeting then in progress at Solomon Jackson's, near West Point, 

The Courier continued to appear weekly until December 11, 1841, when 
William E. Mason, a nephew of Judge Charles Mason, purchased an interest, 
and the name was changed to the Lee County Bemoei-at. The gag of neutral- 
ity was removed, and it became an organ of the Democratic party. April 1, 
1842, Mason sold his interest to 0. &. X. Peck, and the firm became Albright 
& Peck. This connection existed until June 11, 1842, when Albright bought 
Peck's interest and again became sole proprietor. 

February 8, 1845, W. C. Stripe, now cf Keokuk, was employed as asso- 
ciate editor, which position he continued to hold until the following December, 
when he was succeeded by T. S. Espy, a lawyer, who had recently settled in 
Fort Madison, now living in St. Louis. Espy took entire charge of the edito- 
rial columns, which he conducted until 1847, when Albright sold the office and 
material to George H. Williams (^afterward Attorney General of the United 
States by appointment of President Grant), who changed the name of the paper 
to the Iowa Statesman. After a few months, it again changed hands, being 
purchased by J. D. Spaulding, who, for a short time associated with him W. 
W. Phelps, a young printer from Nauvoo. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 533 

In February, 1852, Hon. John Van Valkenburg, then a law student in Fort 
Madison, induced Lewis V. Taft and others to purchase the paper, and the 
name was changed to the Fort Madison Plain Dealer^ but it still advocated the 
doctrine of Democracy after the olden school. After four years of battle for 
the party, Taft sold out to J. D. Storms, B. Grosman and A. Stoddard. This 
tripartite alliance was soon after changed by Storms dropping out, leaving 
Grosman as publisher, and Stoddard as editor. A little later, Stoddard aban- 
boned the field and Grosman fought the battle single-handed until July 1, 
1859, when W. P. Staub purchased the office, whom the retiring editor intro- 
•duced to his patrons as ''a young man of good morals and industrious habits." 
Under Staubs' proprietorship James D. Eads had editorial charge from Sep- 
tember, 1858, until October, 1859, and Dr. A. C. Roberts was editor from the 
fall of 1859, until May 3, 1861, when Judge J. M. Casey took charge for 
about three years. On the 2d of May, 1861, Mr. Staub, in connection with 
his weekly paper, began the issue of the G-em City Telegraph, a daily, but 
after an experience of thirteen weeks, at a loss of $75 per week, the paper was 
discontinued. 

In July, 1^63, Mr. Staub sold out to William CafFrey. This sale was made 
with the understanding that the Plain Dealer was to be continued as a Demo- 
cratic organ, but the contract had scarcely been closed when Staub received 
information that a change in its politics had been decided upon. Staub had 
still two weeks' control of the paper, in which he endeavored, as far as possible, 
to counteract the effect of the proposed change, and in the mean time induced 
Hussey & Hickman, at that time publishing the Banner, a Democratic paper at 
Montrose, to remove their press and place of business to Fort Madison. The 
move was not a success, however, and the Banner was short-lived. 

Caflfrey took possession of the Plain Dealer August 7, 1863, and it was 
-changed in politics to a straight-out Republican paper. 

In May, 1864, Col. J. G. Wilson purchased the paper, continuing as editor 
and proprietor until July, 1865, when he sold an interest to R. G. Raswick, 
which partnership continued until May, 1876, when W. D. Pratt bought Mr. 
Wilson's remaining interest. February 1, 1877, H. W. Dodd purchased of 
Pratt, and, in turn, sold to the present proprietors, Dawley & Tremaine, 
November 11, 1878. Under Mr. Dodd's management, there was a marked 
improvement in the character of the Plain Dealer. He gathered correspond- 
ence from foreign and local points, and introduced other features to which the 
paper had previously been a stranger. His editorials were ably and fearlessly 
written. The dissemination of truth was his great aim, and wrong received no 
favor at his hands. His tact and energy increased the subscription-list to three 
times the number of names on the books when he purchased the office, while the 
advertising patronage Avas almost doubled. At last, however, a combination of 
political circumstances, over which he had no control, and which would have 
caused abler management to yield to the fierce blast long before, conspired to 
cripple his efforts, and he sold the office, good-will, etc., to Dawley & Tremaine. 

The present proprietors are young men, ambitious to succeed, and a consid- 
erable increase in the circulation has already resulted from their management. 
The Plain Dealer is thoroughly Republican in politics, and, with its thousand 
c6pies issued weekly, wields a large influence in the county. 

THE FORT MADISON DEMOCRAT 

was established by C. L. Morehouse in 1867. The first issue was a seven- 
column folio. He sold out to W. P. Staub in 1870, who continued in the own- 



534 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

ership until January, 1874, when it was purchased by Dr. A. C. Roberts and 
Henry L. Schroeder. At this time, the circulation of the Democrat was less 
than four hundred copies. 

The new proprietors moved the press from its location, over the post office, 
into more commodious quarters, in the Metropolitan Building. The paper was 
still but a seven-column sheet, and the press an old-fashioned hand concern — a 
regular "man-killer." 

In the spring of 1875, the circulation of the Democrat had increased to 
,such an extent that greater facilities for its publication became necessary. New 
type, new cuts, new heading and a new press of the Potter patent, were pur- 
chased, which latter was rigged for hand-power ; but, after two months' opera- 
tion, a steam-engine was purchased. The improved appearance of the paper 
and the enterprise manifested in its make-up and management brought new 
subscribers, and the increase of business rendered more room necessary. In 
the summer of 1875, Dr. Roberts erected the building now occupied by the 
paper, and the office is now one of the most commodious and best appointed of 
any weekly paper in the State. The new building is 95x25 feet, three stories 
in height, the first floor and basement of which is used for offices of the paper 
and store-room, the second is arranged for business-offices, and the third is 
occupied by Fort Madison Lodge, No. 157, I. 0. 0. F. 

For job-work, two presses are used — a Gordon, which can be speeded to 
2,000 impressions per hour, and a " Novelty," to 2,400. In addition to other 
facilities for job-work, they have the largest assortment of wood- type in the 
county. 

January 1, 1878, the Democrat was enlarged to its present size and quarto 
form. 

The proprietors have aimed to make it a superior family paper, and that 
they have succeeded its large circulation bears ample testimony. It ranks, 
to-day, among the best in the State. 

The Knighfs Sword and Helmet. — This paper, the official organ of the 
Order of the Knights of Pythias in the State of Iowa, was established Febru- 
ary 1, 1877, by the Pythian Printing Company, with H. W. Dodd as Manager. 
During its first year, Hon. John Van Valkenburg was editor ; but, since that 
time, Mr. Dodd has been sole editor and manager. It is a monthly journal, 
with a wide circulation, extending into the Canadas and as far as Honolulu, in 
the Sandwich Islands. 

KEOKUK THE IOWA ARGUS AND LEE COUNTY COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER. 

This was the title of the first newspaper published in Keokuk. The first 
number of this journal appeared in January, 1846, Democratic in politics, and 
edited by Col. William Pattee, afterward Auditor of State. It lived but a " 
short time. 

THE KEOKUK REGISTER. 

In the fall of 1846, the brothers J. W. and R. B. Ogden arrived in Iowa, 
from Springfield, Ohio, where the younger of the two, R. B., now proprietor 
of a job-printing establishment in Keokuk, was a compositor in ilia Republican 
office, of that city. R. B. Ogden spent the first winter in Iowa City, the State 
capital, and, in the spring, came to Keokuk, where, by the advice of H. W. 
Starr, J. W. Grimes and others, leaders of the Whig party, the Register was 
established. 

The prospectus was issued in April, 1847, and, on the 26th day of May 
following, the first number was issued, with a list of three subscribers, viz., 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 585 

Samuel Van Fossen, L. B. Fleak and Ross B. Hughes. The new editors were 
young, and, having the guarantee of these three patrons that they should have 
a paid-up subscription of |1,000, were not discouraged. They went to work, 
and, at the time of the sale of their office to Howell & Cowles, in 1849, the 
names of 1,800 subscribers were on their books. 

THE GATE CITY. 

What is now the Ciate City, was established in Keosauqua, Van Buren 
County, by J. B. Howell and James H. Cowles, in July, 1846, as the Des 
Moines Valley Whig. In March, 1849, the proprietors purchased the Regis- 
ter of the Ogden brothers, and consolidated the two offices at Keokuk, where 
the issue was known as the Bes Moines Valley Whig and KeokuJc Register. 
Its present name was adopted in 1855. 

DAILY GATE CITY. 

The Daily Grate Citys first issue appeared March 3, 1854. For the first 
year, the paper was published as the Keokuk Daily Whig. Then the name 
was changed to its present one. The G-ate City was started as a five-column 
paper, and was conducted in that shape until May 9, 1855, when it was 
enlarged to six columns. On the 25th of July, 1856, another column was 
added, but the memorable panic of 1857 came on, and, notwithstanding it 
weathered the storm without skipping an issue, it was found necessary to 
reduce the size to six columns, which was done February 12, 1859. As soon, 
however, as the business interests of the country commenced to revive, the 
G-ate City again enlarged its dimensions and made rapid strides forward. On 
the 16th of April, 1863, it was again increased to seven columns, which was 
still furthier increased to eight columns, its present size, July 17, 1866. 

Among those who advertised in the first numbers of the Daily Gate City^ 
and who are still in business in Keokuk, are Messrs. Comstock and Brothers, 
dealers in stoves ; S. and J. Hamill, wholesale grocers, now S. Hamill & Co. ; 
C. Obertop ; George Cabus, hair-dressing saloon ; Carter & Bros., sash-fac- 
tory, and I. N. Pearce, bookbinder. 

The one man who has been constantly identified with the paper from the 
start, and continuously, of whom it has been the impersonation, and who has 
been more to it than anybody and everybody else, is J. B. Howell. From it& 
first issue up to his election to the United States Senate in 1870, he was 
constantly and actively its editor, and it may be truthfully said that no jour- 
nalist in Iowa, during the early years of its history, had so potent an influence 
in impressing his character and ideas upon the affairs of the young common- 
wealth as Mr. Howell. His associates in the editorial work have been Mr. 
Cowles, a lawyer, who was connected with the Valley Whig before the daily 
was started, and who subsequently died in the South ; J. R. Briggs, who died 
in Washington City, in 1873 ; William Richards and S. M. Clark. The fol- 
lowing were, at the times named, associated with Mr. Howell in the proprietor- 
ship of the Gate City: August 31, 1854, J. R. Briggs bought an interest in the 
Whig office. William Richards became connected as proprietor some time 
between August 31, 1854, and January 1, 1855, there being no announcement 
of the exact time. December 19, 1860, J. B. Howell appears as the sole pro- 
prietor again, and continues until January 6, 1863, when J. W. Delaplain pur- 
chased an interest, and remained one of the proprietors until July, 1866. He 
had been connected with the office from the time of the issue of the first num- 
ber of the Weekly Whig, on the 31st of March, 1849, with the exception of 
about three years. 



536 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

In January, 1870, Mr. Sam M. Clark, who, for five years previously, had 
been connected with the paper as associate editor, became joint owner with 
Hon. J. B. Howell. Since that date, Mr. Clark has had exclusive control of 
the editorial department. 

^ THE KEOKUK DISPATCH. 

Prior to 1848, the Democratic party had no organ in Lee County, except 
the Lee County Democrat, published at Fort Madison. The Whigs had the 
Keokuk Register, which, under the editorial management of J. W. Ogden, had 
gained a large circulation in Southern Iowa, and something must be done to 
counteract its influence. 

On the 20th of May, 1848, the first number of the Keokuk Dispatch was 
issued, under the proprietorship of John B. Russell and Reuben L. Doyle, and, 
being ably edited, the two parties were well matched as to newspaper represent- 
atives. 

April 19, 1849, Russell sold his interest to Doyle, but remained for a time 
as associate editor. He died of cholera while thus employed. July 9, 1850, 
b. W. Halsey became part owner and the firm became Doyle & Halsey. In 
1851, George Green bought Halsey's interest, and, April 15, T. B. Cuming, 
a brilliant writer, afterward Governor of Nebraska, took editorial charge. 
In July, 1852, T. B. Cuming and G. W. Armstrong became the proprie- 
tors. 

In November, 1852, W. A. Hornish bought Armstrong's interest, and, in 
turn, sold to T. B. Cuming, who became sole proprietor May 24, 1853. 

Early in 1854, we find H. W. Beers owning the paper, -who sold it to D. 
Reddington November 15 of the same year. On the 28th of October, 1855, 
Reddington changed the name to the 

SATURDAY POST, 

and at the same time began the publication of a daily paper, in which he was 
associated Avith W. F. B. Lynch. In January, 1858, Reddington sold out, and 
from that date until 1860, the Post was published by William Rees, Sr.,. & 
Sons, who removed the office to Doniphan, Kan., where they published a paper 
for one year. 

'' THE NIP-AND-TUCK KEOKUK DAILY. 

This was a small sheet of four pages, four columns to the page, the first 

number of which was issued January 1, 1855, D. Reddington, proprietor, 

and S. T. Marshall, local editor. In February following, its name was 

changed to 

THE MORNING GLORY, 

which, in June following, was enlarged by the addition of one column. Red- 
dington sold out September 14, 1855, to A. T. Walling and Dr. G. St. Clair 
Hussey, who merged it into 

THE DAILY EVENING TIMES, 

the first number of which was issued July 27, 1855. Walling & Hussey sold 
out to Charles D. Kirk, from Louisville, Ky., who, on tlie 2od of November, 

1857, issued the first number of the 

« 

KEOKUK DAILY JOURNAL. 

A weekly paper was also published by Walling k Hussey when they estab- 
lished The Times, which was continued by Kirk as The Journal. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 537 

The WeeMy and Daily Journal was sold by Kirk to Newton, Ilussey & 
Gwin, who became embarrassed financially, and, in May, 1859, the paper 
passed into the hands of Charles Smith, who managed it until December, 1861, 
when Hon. T. W. Clagett purchased the office under a sale by foreclosure of a 
mortgage placed on the office by the successors of Kirk. 

Judge Clagett gave it the name of the 

• KEOKUK CONSTITUTION, 

and under his management it at once took a position as one of the leading 
Democratic papers in the State. Mr. Charles Smith was retained as associate 
editor, and continued in that capacity until Judge Clagett's death, with the 
exception of eighteen months in 1871 and 1872, during which time, Alfred 
Avery, now publishing the Home and Farm, at Louisville, Ky., filled his 
place. 

Judge Clagett died in April, 1876, after which, his daughter, Sue Harry 
Clagett, conducted the paper until July 17 following, when the office was 
purchased by John Gibbons, H. W. Clendenin, George Smith and Thomas 
Kees. The first named was in editorial charge until April 17, 1877, when he 
sold his interest to the remaining partners, who assumed the present firm name 
of Smith, Clendenin & Rees, H. W. Clendenin taking editorial charge of 
the paper. 

In this connection it is proper that personal mention be made of Hon. 
Thomas W. Clagett, the founder of the Constitution, and its editor and propri- 
etor from 1861 until his death, on Good Friday, April 14, 1876, the twenty- 
sixth anniversary of his landing in Keokuk. What is here published is taken 
from a sketch of his life prepared by Dr. J. M. Shafi"er, of Keokuk, shortly 
after his decease : 

Judge Clagett was born in Prince George County, Md., August 30, 1815. He received 
his elementary training at the Academy near Bladensburg. His earlier manhood was passed 
as a planter, but he subsequently studied law in the office of Gov. Pratt, of Maryland, and was 
admitted to practice at Upper Marlboro. When he was but eighteen years old, he was married 
to Susan Guiger Harry, a lady of fine mental qualities. The i^sue of this marriage was three 
sons and three daughters— Thomas, a farmer and planter in Maryland ; William, late Delegate 
to Congress from Montana, and George, who died in Nevada. Of the daughters, Lucy died in 
infancy, and Sarah died at twenty-four, and sleeps in the Catholic cemetery adjoining this city. 
The youngest daughter, Susan Harry— the "Elizabeth Waking " of the press— is a lady of marked 
ability as a writer. 

.Judge Clagett's second wife was Miss Sarah B. Lewis, of Maiden, Mass. All who have the 
pleasure of a personal acquaintance with this bereaved one, bear glad testimony to her many 
excellencies of character. 

During his residence in Maryland, the deceased was twice elected to represent his district 
in the Legislature, and the impress of his work is especially observable in his efforts to establish 
a system of common-school education for the youth of the State. He removed to Iowa in 18.50, 
and settled in Keokuk. 

He was a good man and true. There is, perhaps, not a church in this city that does not 
owe something of its being to his contributions. There is not a public enterprise of any kind 
looking to the general welfare of this people, upon which his name and his influence have not 
been stenciled. His election to the position of Judge of this district— a well-merited honor- 
was at the sacrifice of large pecuniary rewards that attached to his practice at law. 

In politics, he was a Whig, and an ardent admirer of Webster, Clay and those great lights 
of that grand old party. He regarded the system of slavery as a wrong, an evil and a curse — 
wrong to the slave, evil to all in its tendencies, and a curse, which, sooner or later, would ingulf 
the nation in disaster and ruin. 

In the heat and unreason of the early days of the war between the States, his press was 
broken up by a band of soldiers. Some in that day were so intensely partisan as to rejoice at 
the lawless act. There may be not one remaining who, regarding the fact in the cool and calm 
deliberation that follows tlie fever of excited passion but would deplore the act, and wish the foul 
stain wiped away from the records of time. Editing with marked ability a Democratic paper, 
at a time when the strongest demands were made for personal courage and personal devotion to 



538 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

principle, he did not waver. Bitter, perliaps, in his dennnciation of measures which he regarded 
as subversive of the Constitution, and dangerous to the personal liberty of the citizen, he fsivored 
the vigorous prosecution of the war, as the best, safest, surest means to accomplish a lasting 
peace. 

In religion, he was a cordial believer in the rites, ceremonies, and traditions of the Episco- 
pal Church. He participated in the first meeting for the purpose of organizing the Church in 
this city. 

The blood of four Episcopal Bishops — three in England and one in America — ran in his 
veins, and from these ancestors there had descended to him a deep, though unique and independ- 
ent current of religious feeling. 

Said Hon. John P. Irish, in tlie Iowa City Press : 

In social life, Judge Clagett was a gentleman of the old school, a fascinating host, a gener- 
ous entertainer, and a cultured and interesting companion. 

He was the oldest amongst the daily newspaper men of Iowa, and amongst all who will pause 
in the whirl of affairs to pen a paragraph announcing his death, there is not one who is in all 
respects, of character, culture and experience, his equal. 

The present proprietors of the Constitution are all old citizens of Keokuk 
and loAva, and are practical newspaper men. Mr. Smith came to Keokuk in 
1856, from Newark, Ohio, and followed his business as a practical printer until 
he purchased an interest in the Constitution. 

Mr. Clendenin came to Iowa from Pennsylvania, with his father, Samuel 
M. Clendenin, late of Burlington, Iowa, where he settled in 1839, and has 
resided in the State ever since. He came to Keokuk in 1864, andw^as engaged 
as a practical printer m various capacities until his purchase of an interest in 
the Constitution. 

Mr. Rees comes of a family of journalists. His father, William Rees, 
Sr., formerly published the Keokuk Baih/ Post, and several of his brothers 
are at present following the " art preservative of all arts" in Keokuk and other 
cities. Mr. Rees came to Keokuk in 1853. 

The Constitution, under its present enterprising management, has become 
firmly established, with a large and increasing circulation, and is looked upon 
as one of the leading Democratic papers of the State. The weekly is a mam- 
moth triple sheet, and has a national reputation as a humorous journal. 

THE KEOKUK POST. 

The first German newspaper published in Keokuk was established in 1855. 
by Mr. William Kopp, under the name of Beohachter des Westens (Western 
Observer). In 1857, Leopold Mader became proprietor, and, in 1858, was 
succeeded by Christ. Mueller. 

Judge Edmund Jaeger, now Cashier of the Commercial Bank of Keokuk, 
was the successor of Mr. Mueller, and rather an unlucky one. as four weeks 
after he took possession, the office was destroyed by fire. Judge Jaeger was 

followed by Mr. Rottick, and he in turn"^ by Jacob Wohlwend and Serth 

in 1862. These sold out to Rinker & Althaus,but,in 1865, Wohlwend bought 
Rinker's interest, and the firm Avas Wohlwend & Althaus until 1869, when 
Emil Bischof, who died in 1877, at Council Blufts, became sole proprietor. 
Mr. Bischof published the paper until 1874, when he w^as succeeded by Charles 
Norman, who sold to the present proprietor and editor, Adolph Wulft', Esq., 
February 1. 1877. 

Twice under Mr. Bischof "s predecessors, the name of the paper was changed 
and was successively called the Keokuk Deutsche Zeitung and Keokuk Tele- 
graph. Its present name was adopted when Mr. Bischof took possession in 1869. 

In politics the Post has always been independent, leaning, however, to 
Democracy, especially in State and local aftairs. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 539 



THE SUNBEAM. 

This was a weekly paper established January 27, 1860, by J. W. Delaplain, 
and devoted especially to temperance work. It M'as suspended after an exist- 
ence of about two years. 

•^ THE DAILY EVENING NEWS, 

a Greeley campaign paper, was published for four weeks in the fall of 1872. 
C. A. Calhoun, Jacob Wohlwend and Charles Smith were the proprietors. 

THE SHARP STICK. 

This was a spicy sheet, published by T. B. Cluming, while proprietor of 
th.Q Dispatch. It abounded in local hits and was a " free-for-all " receptacle 
of thinffs humorous. , 

*= THE PEOPLE S DOLLAR, 

published by Thornber & Hanson, was established February 28, 1879, and is 
an organ of the National Greenback party. 

CENTRAL SCHOOL JOURNAL, 

a monthly journal, issued under the auspices of the County Superintendents of 
Southeastern Iowa, is published by W. J. Medes & Co., who established it in 
December, 1877. It is ably edited by J. W. Rowley, W. J. Medes, John 
Paisley, N. C. Campbell and Cora B. Letts, and has a large circulation. 

KEOKUK HIGH SCHOOL NEWS. 

This is the title of a small monthly sheet of four pages and three columns 
to the page, edited, printed and published by the boys of the High School, 
four numbers of which have been issued. In its general make-up the News is 
a credit to the boys, and, in fact, would do no discredit to older heads and more 
experienced hands. 

^ THE WEST POINT APPEAL. 

This, the first newspaper published in West Point, was established and the 
first number issued June 7, 1878, by Allison Leadley, the present proprietor. 
The paper is an eight-column folio, independent in politics, a lively, well-con- 
ducted weekly family paper, with a good list of subscribers, and increasing in 
influence and circulation. 



EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS. 

PRIMITIVE SCHOOLHOUSES AND OLD-TIME TEACHERS. 

Less than half a century ago there was not a, schoolhouse in the territory 
now embraced in the domain of the great State of Iowa. Now there are 10,196 
of them, from the ordinary frame structure of one room and one story, to 
magnificent brick and stone edifices of two and three stories and numerous 
departments, and colleges and seminaries «qual in all respects to the colleges 
and other institutions of learning in any of the original thirteen States. In 
Lee County alone, there are 119 schoolhouses of different grades of excellence 
and finish, and 267 teachers. 

The first school was taught at what is now the village of Nashville, in 1830. 
Benjamin Jennings, late a millionaire in Oregon, was the teacher. 

The second school of which we can find any direct trace, was taught at the 
"Point," now Keokuk, about 1834. .Jesse Creighton, a shoemaker, was the 



540 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

teachei'. Shoemaking was not a good business then, because most of the people 
went barefoot in summer and wore moccasins in the winter. To help him make 
both ends meet, the few settlers prevailed upon him to undertake n private or 
subscription school. The building occupied was a small log structure belonging 
to John Forsyth, and stood on the side of the hill a little west of "• Rat Row," 
and between what is now Main and Blondeau streets. Among Creighton's 
scholars was the present James W. Campbell, now of Fort Madison, and Henry 
D. Bartlett and Valencourt Vanausdol, of Keokuk. All the others long since 
removed to other parts of the country, and most, if not all, of them have 
passed over the dark river to the shores of eternity. 

When the first settlers came to make permanent homes on the Black Hawk 
Purchase, they brought with them that love of education which is a part of 
every true American. There were no schoolhouses, nor school districts, nor 
school money. Educational affairs, like everything else, were in chaos — without 
form and void — for the country was a wilderness, and the pioneer fathers were 
left to their own resources and management. 

When schools were desired, a central location as to the neighborhood and 
convenience of the scholars was selected and a log schoolhouse erected. Each 
settler who had children large enough to go to school, Volunteered a certain 
amount of work toward its erection. In no case was the schoolhouse large or 
pretentious. One window in each side of the structure furnished light — that is 
if the settlers had money enough to buy sash and glass. If not. greased paper 
supplied the place of glass, and just as likely as not a part of a log was cut out 
of each side of the building, and greased paper fastened over the aperture was 
made to serve as a window. There was a puncheon door in one end, and a mud 
and stick or sod chimney and earthen fireplace in the other end. The seats 
were made from puncheons, or a suitably sized tree cut to the desired length, 
and then halved, i. e., split in two. The split sides were dressed down with a 
broad-ax. Holes were bored near the ends of the rounded sides, with an inch- 
and-a-half or two-inch auger, and pins driven in for supports. Writing 
"benches " or desks were made by boring slanting holes in the logs, in which 
supports or arms were driven, and on which a wide plank or puncheon, with the 
upper side dressed smooth, was laid, and held in place by a shoulder that was 
cut on the lower ends of the supports. This completed the furniture, unless,, 
perhaps, an old splint-bottomed chair was added as a seat for the teacher. 

The principal books were Webster's elementary spelling-book, the English 
reader (the best reader ever used in American schools), Daball's or Talbot's 
arithmetic, Olney's geography and Kirkham's grammar (the author of which 
fell a victim to intemperance and died in a Cincinnati stillhouse) ; hence the 
course of study was orthography, reading, writing, arithmetic, English grammar 
and geography. 

Orthography was the first great principle of education, for the people in 
those days were of the opinion that no one could ever become a good reader or 
a good scholar unless he was a good speller, and, as a consequence, children 
who were ambitious to become good scholars and noted and honorable men and 
women, were ambitious to become good spellers ; and no higher honor could be 
bestowed upon a girl or boy than to say they were the best spellers in the 
neighborhood. Spelling-schools or spelling-matches — who of us don't remem- 
ber them ? — were frequent. But why distress old-fogy minds by recalling 
those happy days, when they used to meet at the old log schoolhouses, choose 
their captains (the best spellers), who used to toss up the " master's ruler " for 
" first choice," and then "choose up" their lieutenants, commencing with the 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 5^1 

ones they regarded as the best spellers, or, more likely, the prettiest girls without 
regard to their orthographical excellence, and so on until all the boys and girls- 
were arranged on benches on opposite sides of the house. Then the fun com- 
menced. The "master" "gave out" the words from side to side. How 
quickly a "missed" word would be caught up I Those were happy days, and 
days that are sacred in the memory of the gray-haired fathers and mothers who 
took part in the exercises. It would be a pleasing reflection to them if their 
children, their children's children, and the children of their neighbors were 
permitted by the modern system of education to indulge in the same kind of 
old-fashioned orthographical exercises. 

The school system of the spelling-school period, and even up until within a 
few years ago, in many localities, was fully described in the backwoods vernacular 
of "Pete Jones," in Eggleston's " Hoosier Schoolmaster," "lickin' and larnin'," 
the "lickin' " being the indispensable requisite. The perfect or ideal teacher 
of those days was a man of strong, muscular development, with an imperious 
frown, a sonorous voice charged with terror, punctual in bringing "hickories" 
into the schoolhouse, and a liberal disposition to frequently use them as hack 
applications. 

But all these things are changed now. A log schoolhouse in Iowa is a 
rarity. Their places are filled with handsome frame or brick structures. The 
rude furniture has given way to seats and desks combined. The old books have 
followed the old teachers into retirement, and both are superseded by others of 
greater pretensions. The old spelling- classes and spelling-matches have fol- 
lowed the old log schoolhouses until they are only remembered in name. 

Of her school system, Iowa can justly boast. It is a pride and a credit to 
the people by whom it is maintained. 

While the State has extended such fostering care to the interests of educa- 
tion, the several counties into which the "Forty-Mile Strip " has been divided, 
have been no less zealous and watchful in the management of this vital interest, 
and Lee County forms no exception to the rule. The schoolhouses and their 
furnishings are in full keeping with the spirit of the laws that provide for 
their maintenance and support. The teachers rank high among the other 
thousands of teachers in the State, and the several County Superintendents, 
since the office of Superintendent was made a part of the school system, have 
been chosen with special reference to their fitness for the position. 

The present Superintendent of County Schools is W. J. Modes, who was 
first elected in November, 1876, and re-elected in October, 1878. 

The following statistics are compiled from Mr. Medes' last report to the 
State Superintendent of Public Instruction : 

Number of males between five and twenty-one years of age 7,206 

Number of females between the ages of five and twenty-one years 7,174 

Total 14,380 

Number of Independent Districts in county 65 

Number of subdistricts 48 

Total number of Districts 113 

Average number of months taught 7.23 

Number of male teachers employed 89 

Number of female teachers employed 178 

Total 267 



542 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Number of scholars enrolled 8,208 

Total average attendance 5,330 

Number of frame schoolhouses '39 

Number of brick schoolhouses 35 

Number of stone schoolhouses 11 

Number of log schoolhouses -1 

Total „ 119 

Total valuation of schoolhouses |245,500 



PIONEER LAWYERS. 

The members of the Old Settlers' Society of Lee County are divided into 
two classes. Those who settled in the county prior to July 1, 1840, are termed 
Pioneers, and those who came subsequent to the pioneer age and before the 
28th day of December, 1846, the date when Iowa became a State, are called 
Old Settlers. The legal profession was represented, in the pioneer period, by 
some of the most gifted men that ever claimed a home in the Hawkeye State. 
They were men every way calculated to adorn any society, and, by their brill- 
iant attainments, energy and enterprise, made names in the early settlement of 
the State and county of their adoption that are almost as familiar as household 
words. They were men of mark, if not one way, then in another, and those of 
them who remained in the county have been honored above those of any 
other profession or calling. Some of them have been called to high places of 
trust, honor and confidence, and the genius of their minds has been unfadingly 
impressed upon whatever they have touched. A tribute to the memory and 
worth of these men will not be out of place. 

HENRY S. AUSTIN 

came to Lee County and settled at Montrose in 1837. He was the legal repre- 
sentative and attorney for the New York Land Company, which had been 
organized for the purpose of speculating in Half-Breed lands. He was well edu- 
cated in general literature, and esteemed to be equally learned in the profession 
of the law, although he never represented any case of importance in any of the 
courts of the county — so that it is impossible for the writer to speak of his 
abilities as an advocate or in the management of law cases. He removed from 
Iowa some time in 1838, and now resides at Chicago. 

EDWARD JOHNSTONE, 

Mr. Johnstone came to Lee County in July, 1837, and settled at Fort 
Madison, where he engaged in the practice of the law for twelve or fourteen 
years. During that time, he made but few speeches at the bar, seeming to 
have a reluctance to engage in forensic discussions. But he was learned in his 
profession, drew pleadings with neatness and dispatch, and was elegant in 
speech and massive in argument. In 1852, he was elected County Judge of 
Lee County, and, after his term of judgeship expired, he did not return to the 
bar, but went into the banking business, in which he is still engaged. Judge 
Johnstone is a man of stalwart proportions, physically and intellectually. He 
stands six feet four inches high, and weighs two hundred and fifty pounds — a 
weight from which he has not varied ten pounds in the last twenty years. He 
possesses a/rank, open countenance, and is that type of man whose very pres- 
ence will inspire confidence and respect. As orator or writer, upon whatever 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. ' 543 

subject, he is graceful, easy and dignified. As a conversationalist, he has no 

^'^P^^^'^'- PHILIP VIELE. 

Judge Viele is a native of New York, where he served eight years as Judge 
before he came to Lee County, and hung out his " law-shingle" at Fort Madi- 
son in 1837. As a speaker, he always excelled. His oratory was of the florid 
and animated style ; his periods were elegantly rounded, and often, especially 
when excited, indulged in severe thrusts of humor and repartee. He had been 
favored with a good academic education at Union College, New York, and for 
his suavity and personal address he came to be known over the West as the 
"Chesterfield of Iowa." His knowledge of law never equaled his powers of 
oratory. Judge Yiele retired from the practice of the law about 1848, and he 
now lives in dignified ease and retirement, in the eightieth year of his age, at 
his beautiful home at Fort Madison. 

ALFEED RICH. 

This gifted son of Kentucky was educated at Augusta College, in that 
State. He went from Kentucky to Texas, and came from Texas to Fort Madi- 
son in 1837. He was learned in law, and was good in the management of laAv- 
cases. His addresses were marked with such candor and gentleness that he 
was almost irresistible before a jury, and frequently had the audience all on his 
side, no matter what the cause. 

A more particular account of his debut as a lawyer will be found elsewhere. 
Be was a victim of consumption, and, after vainly seeking relief in Cuba, 
returned to Kentucky where he died in 1843. 

HENRY ENO. 

Eno, a native of New York, also came to Iowa in 1837. He was highly 
learned in general literature and reasonably well versed in law, but he seemed 
to dislike its practice and labors, and would quit a law-book at any moment to 
■examine a specimen of geology, or to go into a garden to examine and enjoy 
the color and fragrance of a new-blown rose. He left Iowa and went to Cali- 
fornia in 1848, and still resides there. He was once elected a Judge there, and, 
perhaps, still holds that position. 

HUGH T. REID. 

The subject of this paragraph was a native of the State of Indiana, where 
he received a thorough academic education, and then went through a regular 
course of law study. He came to Iowa in 1839, and settled at Fort Madison. 
While he was a well-read lawyer, with an excellent understanding of its gen- 
eral principles, he was not a smooth or eloquent speaker in presenting argu- 
ments. His mind was eminently practical, and he had but few superiors in 
the maifagement of law cases, and presented cases to a jury with great energy 
and effectiveness. He remained in the active practice of law until about 1852, 
when he abandoned the profession and gave his attention to land speculations. 
When the war of the rebellion came on, he volunteered in the Union army, 
and served three years in the line of duty, and was brevetted a Brigadier Gen- 
. eral for services in the field. He died in Keokuk August 21, 1874. 

DANIEL F. MILLER, SR. 

Miller, the last of the pioneer lawyers, is a native af Maryland, and studied 
law in Pittsburgh, Penn. He arrived in Lee County on the 15th day of April, 



544 . HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

1839, and immediately commenced the practice of his profession at Fore Mad- 
ison. From that time to the present, he has hardly ever been more than a 
week at a time out of some court house, or "without being engaged in examining^ 
law-books. While he was a student in Pennsylvania, he frequently represented 
his legal preceptors before Justices' Courts and referees ; so that when he came 
to Iowa, he brought with him considerable experience in trials at law. 

Mr. Miller possesses strong and rugged natural powers, great will-force and 
powerful perseverance. He has been a hard student all his life in law and lit- 
erature, and is the author of a number of beautifully-written poems and essays^ 
that have attracted admiration and attention. 

Few lawyers in this region have had as large a pi'actice in the courts. He 
possesses admirable powers of analysis and discrimination ; and while he cannot 
be called technically eloquent, he is wonderfully forcible in argument. He 
readily discovers the weak spot in his opponent's armor, and never fails to strike 
home with all the force of his strong nature. He is full of work, and never 
forgets his clients, in or out of court. He is full of resources, and, if thrown, 
always alights on his feet. He is an admirable judge of men, and is famous in 
the selection of juries, and very dangerous in his closing speech to a jury. He is 
as true to his clients as the needle to the pole, and a hard worker'and a hard hitter. 

The last homicide case in which Miller was engaged was in January. 1879,. 
in Ringgold County, this State, and made the forty-seventh homicide case in 
which he has been engaged, either in the prosecution or for the defense. The 
other criminal cases in which he has taken an active part are so numerous as to 
be counted by thousands. Miller loves the law, because its practice gives him 
pleasure ; and he declares it to be his cherished purpose, if Providence i& 
pleased to spare his life and health, to continue its practice until he is eighty 
years of age. 

POLITICAL PARTIES. 

When Lee County was organized, the political parties of the country were 
the Democratic and Whig parties. The Democratic party was first organized 
under the leadership of Henry J. Campbell, about 1834 or 1835. He was an 
enthusiastic political disciple of Gen. Jackson, Thomas H. Benton, Silas 
Wright, and other representative Democrats of that period. He was a good 
organizer and manager, and to his political shrewdness in planning the founda- 
tions, the Democratic party of the county owes much of its success in maintain- 
ing the supremacy. 

Heni-y J. Campbell removed from Lee County to Texas. He was not 
suited with that country, and, after a year or two, removed to California. 
From San Antonio they went overland in company with some Government 
teams, Mrs. Campbell, a Winnebago women, riding the entire distance on some 
sacks of flour. She had giown to weigh 300 pounds, and the flesh of her nether 
limbs to hang down over the tops of her shoes. After a year or two in California, 
Mr. Campbell and his eldest son started to Central America, and when they 
were far out at sea, the fiither sickened and died, and found a grave beneath 
the waves. Mrs. Campbell is thought to be still living, and residing near 
Stockton. John Campbell, one of the sons, visited his birthplace, Keokuk, a 
few years ago. 

Isaac R. Campbell represented the Whig party, and mustered under the 
political banner of Adams, CUiy and Webster. Locally, Campbell was pitted 
against Campbell as political leaders, in early times. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 545 

Party lines were strictly drawn and well defined, not only in Lee County, 
but throughout the Territory. Gens. Dodge and George W. Jones, Hons. 
Edward Johnstone and J. C. Hall leading the Democratic party, while James 
W. Grimes, George G. Wright, H. W. Starr and Judge Viele were the recog- 
nized leaders of the Whig party. Hon. Philip Viele, of Fort Madison, was 
Chairman of the first Republican convention held in Iowa after the organiza- 
tion of that party. 

Lee County was Democratic in politics from its organization, and rarely 
failed to elect Democratic candidates ; but local questions, of which there were 
many in the eaHy history of the county, would sometimes enter into the cam- 
paign and carry the election for the candidate who favored the local issue, with- 
out regard to the party to which he belonged. 

During the late civil war, the county became Republican ; but soon after its 
close, the Democratic party regained the power it had seemingly lost, and, for 
the past twelve years, has carried the county by majorities ranging from four 
hundred to eight hundred votes. But notwithstanding the admitted strength 
of the party, there is scarcely an election at which there are not one or more 
opposition candidates elected. 

Each party has able and efficient workers, and no election is allowed to pass 
without a thorough canvass of the county by able " stumpers." 



OFFICIAL REGISTER. 

The first election in Lee County under the jurisdiction of Iowa Territory, 
was held on the 10th of September, 1838, under proclamation of Gov. 
Lucas. The county was entitled to one member of the Council and four mem- 
bers of the House. 

Councilman, Jesse B. Browne. Councilmen served two years, and were 
thereafter elected biennially. 

Representatives — William Patterson, Calvin J. Price, Hawkins Taylor and 
James Brierly. Representatives served one year, and were elected annually. 

1839. — Representatives, Edward Johnstone, Alfred Rich, Joshua Owens, 
William Patterson. 

1840. — Under a re-apportionment, Lee County was entitled to two Council- 
men, and Jesse B. Browne and Edward Johnstone were chosen. Representa- 
tives, Daniel F. Miller, James Brierly and John Box. 

1841. — Representatives, Henry J. Campbell, William Patterson and E. S. 
McCulloch. 

1842. — Councilmen, William Patterson and Robert M. G. Patterson. Rep- 
resentatives, William Steele, E. S. McCulloch and James Brierly, 

1843. — Representatives, James Brierly, William Steele and Joseph Roberts. 

1844. — Delegates to first Constitutional Convention, Charles Staley, Alex- 
ander Kerr, David Galland, Calvin J. Price, James Marsh, John Thompson, 
H. M. Salmon and 0. S. X. Peck. 

1845 — May Session. — Councilmen, James Brierly and John Thompson. 
Representatives, Jacob Huner, Charles Stewart and James Anderson. Reg- 
ular Session. — Councilmen, James Brierly and John Thompson. House, Jacob 
Huner, William Patterson and Jesse B. Browne. 

1846. — Delegates to second Constitutional Convention, David Galland 
Josiah Kent and George Berry. Constitution adopted and State admitted. 
The State Senate succeeded the Territorial Council. 



546 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

1846. — Senate, James Spratt and Jacob Huner. House of Representatives, 
Jesse B. Browne, Josiali Clifton, William J. Cochran, William Steel and Reu- 
ben Conlee. Conlee died before his term expired, and at a special election, 
held in January, 1847, Daniel S. Baker was chosen to fill the vacancy. 

1848. — Senate, James Spratt and Thomas S. Espy. House, William C. 
Read, C. J. McFarland, M. H. Walker, Samuel Norton and Isaac W. Griffith. 

1850. — Senate, Thomas S. Espy and Nathan Baker. House, E. S. McCul- 
loch, John Thompson, R. P. Wilson, Smith Hamill and Adolphus Salmon. 

1852. — Senate, Calvin J. Price, James M. Love and Salmon Cowles. House, 
S. G. Wright, H. Washburn, J. S. Gilmore, J. M. Anderson, F. Hesserand S. 
W. Sears. 

1854. — Senate, James M. Love, E. S. McCulloch and W. A. Thurs- 
ton. House, George Newsom, William Damon, J. Hinkle, H. Dewey, Samuel 
Boyles and R. P. Creel. Hon. James M. Love having been appointed Judge 
of the United States District Court, David T. Brigham was elected in his 
stead. 

1856.— Senate, E. S. McCulloch and W. A. Thurston. House, John 
VanYalkenburg, Thomas Sawyer, J. B. Pease, J. H. Sullivan and W. G. Gris- 
wold. 

1857. — Delegates to third Constitutional Convention, Edward Johnstone and 
William Patterson. 

1857. — Senate, J. W. Rankin and John R. Allen. House, C. C. Bauder, 
W. W. Belknap and J. A. Casey. 

1859.— Senate, John W. Rankin and V. Burchel. House, B. S. McCul- 
loch, T. W. Clagett, N. G. Hedges and Calvin J. Price. 

1861. — Senate, Frederick Hesser and George W. McCrai-y. House, C. W. 
Lowrie, T. G. Stephenson, Godfrey Eichorn and Martin Thompson. 

1863. — House, Ferdinand Meissner, B. S. Merriam and Washington Gal- 
land. 

1865. — Senate, N. G. Hedges and Joseph Hollman. House, Webster Bal- 
Imger, P. M. Lowdon and W. G. Buck. 

1867. — House, Gibson Browne, William Werner and C. C. Bauder. 

1869, — Senate, E. S. McCulloch. House, Patrick Gibbons, Christian 
Herschler and D. S. Bell. 

1871. — House, Webster Ballinger, Conrad Schweer and E. M. Stewart. 

1873. — Senate, H. W. Rothert. House, E. A. Layton, Absalom Anderson 
and Isaac Hollingsworth. Layton died, and at a special election in January, 
1874, Conrad Schweer was chosen to fill the vacancy. 

1875. — House, Wesley C. Hobbs, John Gibbons and John N. Irwin. 

1877.— Senate, J. M. Shelley. House, J. D. M. Hamilton and J. H. 
Lessenger, who are the present incumbents. 

In the early history of Lee County, the records of elections were not pre- 
served in such a manner as to enable the writer to present an absolutely cor- 
rect list of ofiicers. Allowance must be made, therefore, for omissions. No 
attempt is made to record the names of the incumbents of minor offices. 

COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. 

The first Board of County Commissioners was elected in 1837, and was 
composed of William Skinner, William Anderson and James D. Shaw. The 
names of their successors, down to 1851, when the ofiice was abolished, are as 
follows : Stephen H. Graves, S. H. Curtis, William Pitman, John Gaines, 
Peter Miller, Jesse O'Neil, Mathew Kilgore, Samuel Brierly, Johnson Meek, 



HISTORY' OF LEE COUNTY. 547 

John Bryson, Timothy Fox, Thomas J. Chenowith, Amos McMillan, Joshua 
Gilmore, H. W. Hughes, William Skinner and John Griffin. 

4 

' COUNTY JUDGES. 

Edward Johnstone, the first County Judge elected for four years, entered 
upon the duties of his office in August, 1851. He was succeeded by Samuel 
Boyles in 1855, who was re-elected in 1859. Robert A. Russell was County 
Judge from 1862 to 1866. Edmund Jaeger held the office from 1866 to 1870, 
when the office was abolished. 

BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. 

In 1860, the Board of Supervisors was created, consisting of one member 
from each township, which took from the County Judge the management of 
county affairs, but leaving probate business, the issue of marriage licenses, etc. 
The following-named citizens have been Chairmen of the Board of Supervisors : 
Daniel McCready, H. M. Salmon, J. W. Goodrich, E. S. McCulloch, J. P. 
Hornish, W. A. Donnell and William Davis. 

A Board of Supervisors, consisting of one member from each township, did 
not work to the satisfaction of the people. It was too cumbersome, and after a 
trial of ten years, an act of the Legislature was passed in 1870, by which the 
number was reduced to three members. The law was so framed, however, as to 
allow the people to increase the number to five or seven members, as they 
might determine by election. The number named in the enactment has never 
been increased in this county. 

COUNTY AUDITOR. 

The office of County Auditor was created on January 1, 1870. Edmund 
Jaeger, the first holder of the office, has been succeeded by J. C. Walters and 
J. C. Blackburn, the present incumbent. Blackburn's first term began January 
1, 1874. 

COUNTY ATTORNEY. 

Philip Viele was the first County Attorney by appointment, but not giving 
the office that attention the County Commissioners thought necessary, the 
appointment was revoked July 5, 1838, and Alfred Rich appointed in his place. 

SHERIFFS. 

The first Sheriff of Lee County was Joshua Owen, with the following suc- 
cessors : B. W. Gillock, Hawkins Taylor, William Stotts, James L. Estes, 
Peter Miller, Israel Anderson, Alexander R. Wheat, C. B. Turner, William 
H. Leech, H. M. Griffith, N. G. Hedges, Israel Anderson, John A. Bishop, 
R. P. Creel, J. A. Pease and George T. Higgins. 

CLERKS OF THE DISTRICT COURT. 

The first Clerk of the District Court was John H. Lines. Successors : 0. 
S. X. Peck, J. C. Walker, R. W. Albright, P. H. Babcock, Samuel A. 
James, Erie J. Leech, Charles Doerr, D. H. Le Sueur, Charles Doerr, J. 
A. McDowell, William Wilson, W. P. Staub and S. L. James. 

COUNTY TREASURERS. 

The first Treasurer was George W. Howe, followed by Peter Miller, J. C. 
Parrott, Thomas Fitzpatrick, John G. Toncray, Samuel B. Ayres, H. C. 
McMurphy, Robert A. Russell, Robert McFarland, T. H. Allyn, Timothy 



548 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Lowrie, A. C. Roberts, A. L. Courtwright and Herman Welsing, the present 

incumbent. 

RECORDERS. 

The first Recorder was John H. Lines. The following have also held the 
office: Henry O'Neil, Orrin Dodd, H. C. McMurphy, Robert A. Russell, 
Robert McFarland, T. H, Allyn, Timothy Lowrie, Noble Warwick, Henry 
Bank and Roswell J. Smith. Warwick was the first Recorder after the office 
was separated from that of Treasurer. 

COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 

The following have been Superintendents of common schools: John A. 
Nunn, R. Hubbard, W. W. Jamison, H. K. Edson, Z. B. Bowers, W. G. 
Kent, James Pollard, W. C. Hobbs and W. J. Medes. 

CORONERS. 

The first Coroner of Lee County was Lewis Pitman, elected in 1837. 
Robert Stephenson succeeded him the next year. 



MISCELLANEOUS. , 

DR. ISAAC GALLAND. 

Dr. Isaac Galland was one of the oldest of the pioneers of Lee County. 
He was born at or near Marietta, in the State of Ohio, in 1790, and received 
a very limited education, but such was his native power of intellect and love of 
education, that, when he died at Fort Madison, in 1858, he was a tolerably 
good physician, a tolerably good lawyer, was deeply learned in ancient, as Avell 
as modern, history, and had few superiors in the West either as a speaker or 
writer. He had a finely-developed forehead, and piercing black eyes, and in 
manner was gentle and polite, except when excited, when his rage seemed to know 
no bounds. In early life, he, with other venturesome young men, wandered off" to 
New Mexico, where he and his comrades were seized by the Spanish Govern- 
ment on suspicion of their coming there with evil designs against the Govern- 
ment, and were confined for one year in Santa Ee, in the adobe prison. 

Coming back to the United States, he stopped for a time in Indiana and 
practiced law, and then came to near Oquawka, 111., where he practiced medi- 
cine for several years. He there put his family and goods in a pirogue (a large 
canoe) and came down the Mississippi River and landed first at the lower end 
of Fort Madison, where Atlee's mill now stands. He dropped down the river 
from there to where Nashville is now situated, and there opened a trade with 
the Indians, which he pursued for a number of years successfully. When the 
Black Hawk war broke out, he removed to Illinois. In 1839, he met Jo 
Smith, the Mormon Prophet, and became a convert to the preachings of the 
Prophet, and acted as his amanuensis for a year or more. While with Smith, 
he witnessed many of his trances, when the Prophet pretended to receive and 
reveal revelations, and Galland penned them as the words, fell from the mouth 
of the Prophet. He had been converted to Mormonism because he saw Smith 
possessed certain mental powers he could not comprehend, but while with him 
he became impressed with the conviction that what he had supposed to be pro- 
phetic gifts of Smith, were simply a reflex action of Smith's mind, or some 
peculiar psychological state of his intellect which Smith sincerely, though 
ignorantly, supposed to be heavenly ministrations. He accordingly deserted 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 549 

the Mormon faith about 1842, and came to live again in Lee County, and lived 
successively in Keokuk, Nashville and Fort Madison, in which last placa 
he died in 1858. 

Afterward, when Spiritualism developed itself in New York, in 1848, and 
spread over the country, he compared Smith's powers with that of so-called 
spiritual mediums, and found Smith to have been, in Spiritual language, a 
clairvoyant, and clairaudient, with strong magnetic or healing gifts. The Doc- 
tor, before he joined the Mormons, had been inclined to Methodism, and, on 
several occasions, filled pulpits in the absence of the preacher. For the last 
ten years of his life, he was a firm and zealous believer in Spiritualism, and 
was often heard to say that Jo Smith was the dupe of his own impostures ; that 
Smith was simply a so-called spiritual medium, but, not knowing anything of 
Spiritualism, he inferred he was a prophet, and that now, since Spiritualism 
began to be understood, there Avould be no more prophets of the stamp of Smith 
and Mahomet and Buddha. 

Dr. Galland was a man of undaunted courage, and when, in border days, 
knives and pistols were as common as watches now, the pointing of a pistol at 
him seemed to give delight to his frontier life and border nature. He never shrank 
from a conflict but once, and then he was unarmed. Afterward, he armed himself, 
sought his assailant and made him, on his knees, beg pardon. At one time, he 
rushed on a steamboat, where he saw a United States military officer who had 
previously offended him, and compelled him to run into his cabin and lock him- 
self within it. He was thrice married, and had several children. He was an 
affectionate husband and father, a most hospitable neighbor, hated an enemy 
with all the malice of an Indian, and stuck to a friend to the death. In 1840, 
he got D. F. Miller to attend to some legal business for him, which led him to 
form a marked friendship for that legal gentleman. 

In 1854, Dr. Galland went to California, under pecuniary embarrassment ; 
but soon after he arrived in California, his friend Miller secured the compro- 
mise of a claim he had against the New York Land Company, by which he 
received $11,000, after paying costs and lawyer's fees. In 1855, he came 
back to Iowa, and bought a residence in Fort Madison, that he might be near, 
as he said, to his friend Miller the balance of his days, and there he remained 
until his death, in 1858. During his residence in Fort Madison, he was much 
respected by the people of that city. He was buried in the cemetery near the 
place where he landed in Iowa in 1828, and his son Washington G Hand, who, 
about the close of the late rebellion, represented Lee County in the Iowa Legis- 
lature, caused to be erected a beautiful marble monument over his remains, and 
the remains of his (Washington Galland's) mother, who had been previously 
buried at the same place. 

Dr. Galland was a perfect type of an American frontiersman, with the edu- 
cation and manners of civilized life, intermixed with all the audacity, boldness 
and peculiarities of Indian and border life. He had lived a great deal among 
the Indians, spoke their language fluently, and had made their character and 
habits a study. At the time of his death, he was engaged in writing a book 
on Indian life, manners and customs of the West. 

OLD SPURLOCK, THE COUNTERFEITER. 

" Old Spurlock, the counterfeiter" was a noted character in the early 
history of Lee County. There is no evidence that he ever manufactured the 
''queer," but he encouraged the belief among the people, and made money by 
it. He generally carried some pieces of bright new silver coins, which he 



550 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

showed as samples of his own manufacture ; and, proposing to return double 
the quantity of any amount of genuine coin furnished him, he found many 
whose cupidity led them into the trap. After securing possession of his patrons' 
money, he found friends to personate officers of the law, and the victim was 
frightened out of the county, leaving old Spurlock richer, in some instances^ 
by many hundreds of dollars. He secured in one instance $1,500 from a man 
named Adams, of Burlington; but his propensity for gambling left him without 
a dollar in a few hours. He loved gaming, but rarely won. He was always 
traveling about the country engaged in nobody knew what, and a favorite mode 
of attracting attention in a new place was to announce a religious meeting, at 
which time he would preach to the people. On such occasions he would intro- 
duce himself to the congregation as " Old Spurlock, the counterfeiter." He 
was a man of fine presence, six feet two inches high, with a ready flow of lan- 
guage, and people who heard him say he could preach a good sermon. 

Mathew Spurlock was born in Virginia, but was brought up in the mountains of 
Kentucky, in the neighborhood of what is now Breathitt County, where he was 
known as " the counterfeiter " as early as 1826. He removed to Alabama 
about that time, but, becoming mixed up in some disreputable transactions, he 
left and came to Augusta on Skunk River. Here he made his home for several 
years, when he removed to Schuyler County, 111., near Rushville. It was- 
during his residence here that he met " the bravest man he ever kneAV," and 
the only victim who ever got the better of him. The story is related as Spurlock 
gave it to a citizen of Fort Madison, shortly after the occurrence. 

A young Kentuckian of good family and well educated, with his lawyer's 
parchment in his pocket, and |600 given him by his father, had recently arrived 
at Rushville. On one of Spurlock's excursions into the town in search of a 
victim, the two came in contact. The young man's desire to increase his pile 
twofold with such money as the severest test failed to prove of less value than 
that issued from the Government mint, led to a bargain, and $500 of young 
" Kaintuck's " store was transferred to Spurlock. Claiming to be out of ma- 
terial, he explained that it would be necessary for him to go to St. Louis before 
the queer could be manufactured. The young man was not disposed to trust 
Spurlock too far, and, much to his chagrin, proposed to accompany him, stating 
that he desired to see St. Louis, a place he had never visited. 

There was no help for it, and the two proceeded to St. Louis, where they 
put up at a hotel for the two or three days necessary to procure the supplies. 
Spurlock, explaining that he could procure the material at but one place, and. 
that there must be no witnesses, left the young man at the hotel, made a bee- 
line for the levee, where an Illinois River boat was about starting out, and went 
home. 

The next morning he was sitting inside the open door of his house, reading 
a newspaper and resting from his travels, when, hearing a footstep on the 
porch, he looked up and there stood young " Kaintuck " with a cocked, pistol in 
one liand and a bowie-knife in the other. Spurlock was startled. He expected 
to hear from the young man, but little did he think to see him so soon. Kain- 
tuck spoke first. "Now, you d d old villain, I've got you, and I'm going 

to kill you right here." " Spurlock attempted to parley, but Kaintuck drew 
a bead on him, threatening instant death if he moved. Said Spurlock, " I 
saw he meant business. There was blood in his eye. I saw death pictured 
in his countenance, and I was afraid to turn my face for fear he would shoot 
me through the head." Calling to his wife, who was in the next^ room, 
he directed her to bring the bag of silver, and it was handed over just as 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 551 

he had originally received it. "Now," said Kaintuck, "I've a notion to- 
kill you anyhow. Give me $25 to cover my expenses to St, Louis, and 
I'll let you off." " And," said Spurlock, " God knows my honest heart. 
John, I gave it to him." 

Spurlock moved from Illinois to Jefferson County, Iowa, about 1843, and 
settled at Abingdon, where he died about 1858. He and his wife are buried 
in one lot, the graves surrounded by a high brick wall. Several of his- 
children are still living in that vicinity, and are good citizens. 

ANECDOTE OF SHERIFF B. W. GILLOCK. 

It was in 1843, while he was Sheriff of Lee County, that the steamer 
" Oak," of St. Louis, Capt. Lusk, landed at Fort Madison one day, on her 
downward trip. About thirty soldiers, who had been out selecting lands, got 
aboard to return home for their families and goods, and most of them took deck 
passage. Shortly after she had rounded out into the stream, Isaac McPherson, 
son-in-law of Dr. Isaac Galland, the clerk of the boat, went below to collect 
fares. He approached three or four of the new passengers for their fares, each 
one telling him that he had already paid. McPherson's ire began to rise, and 
he demanded of one to be shown the man to whom they had paid. The pas- 
senger accompanied the clerk up-stairs, where, sitting at a table, deeply 
engaged in a game of poker, sat Gillock, to whom he pointed as the man who 
had collected his fare. McPherson was well acquainted with Gillock, and now, 
thoroughly exasperated at the trick, he demanded what he meant by it. " Oh, 
it's all right," said Gillock, laughingly, "I had no money, and I wanted a 
stake. I'm ahead of the game now, and here's your money." McPherson 
accepted it, with a warning that the trick must riot be repeated. 



ANTI-HOESE-THIEF ASSOCIATION. 

ORIGIN AND OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY. 

The Anti-Horse-thief Association is a body of men banded together for the 
protection of person and property ; to assist in the enforcement of civil law ; to 
aid the civil officers, and to see that thieves and rogues are brought to justice. 
It is neither the object nor the purpose of the Association to take the execu- 
tion of the law into its own hands, or to punish offenders ; but to assist tha 
officers of the civil law in the discharge of their duty. The Association is 
made up of the best men in the country. It is a secret Order, and holds its- 
meetings in secret. It has Grand and Subordinate Orders, the latter being sub- 
ject to the supervision of the former. The Grand Order meets once in each 
year to revise the work and transact all business connected with the Order» 
The Subordinate Orders are chartered by the Grand Order, or by the Grand 
Worthy President during vacation. The Grand Order is composed of the 
Worthy Presidents of the Subordinate Orders, who, by virtue of their office, 
are members of the Grand Order, also by delegates sent by the Subordinate 
Orders. The Grand Worthy officers are elected out of the Grand Order, and 
consist of a Grand Worthy President, a Grand Worthy Vice President, a Grand 
Worthy Secretary, a Grand Worthy Treasurer, and a Grand Worthy Marshal, 
Avho hold their offices for one year. Subordinate Orders have been organized in 
Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Indiana and Nebraska. 

The origin of this society dates back to Ssptember, 1863, and is thus 
explained by G. N. Ransom, G. W. P. A. A. H. T., of Cahoka, Clarke Co.,, 



552 ' HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Mo. : ''In the latter part of the late war, men of both sides became more 
reckless and desperate in everything, especially in stealing horses, cattle, and 
in fact anything they saw that they wanted. Men would come from Iowa into 
Missouri and steal and take it back into Iowa, and the Missourians would fol- 
low, and when they got into Iowa, some person would tell them the best thing 
they could do was to get out of Iowa, and they, being of a timid disposition, 
would 'git,' and generally without the stolen property. And the Missourians 
would go to Iowa and do likewise, and the forming of the order did more to 
put down lawlessness of all kinds and bring about a good feeling between the 
two parties — that is. Northern and Southern men — than any other plan or 
means yet adopted, and to get up the best of feelings between Missouri and her 
sister States. 

• " In September, 1863, Messrs. Daniel Shuler, David Mauk, John Wilson, 
James Day, H. L. McKee and Maj. David McKee, of Clark County, Mo.; 
William Eaverhart, Jonathan Longfellow, S. Grant, William Beach and W. 
Matlick, of Scotland County, Mo., and James McGowen, of Upton, Iowa, met 
at Luray, Clark Co., Mo., and framed the first Constitution and By-Laws of 
the society, and then adjourned to meet at Millport, Knox Co., Mo., in Octo- 
ber following. At the Millport meeting, a number of the most influential men 
of Scotland, Knox, Lewis and Clark Counties, Mo., also of Lee, Van Buren 
and Davis Counties, Iowa, were present. After examining the Constitution 
and By-Laws framed at Luray, they were taken up, read and adopted section 
by section, when the Grand Order was organized. The grand officers elected 
were as follows: Maj. David McKee, G. W. P. ; William Beach, G. W. V. 
P.; William Eaverhart, G. W. Secretary; William Grant, G. W. Treasurer, 
and H. L. McKee, G. W. M. Maj. David McKee served as G. W. P. for 
eight years, with credit to himself and honor to the society. H. L. McKee 
served several years, and the present incumbent has served some five years. 
The present grand officers are: G. N. Sansom, G. W. P., Cahoka, Mo.; John 
Ewalt, G. W. V. P., Labelle, Mo. ; C. W. Gray, G. W. S., Acasto, Mo. ; A. 
A. Hays, G. W. T., Cahoka, Mo., and John Neil, Rushville, 111., G. W. M." 
An association of this character has existed in Washington Township, in 
this county, since 1858. It embraced the best men of the township, and was 
the means of baffling a good many dishonest schemes. When the Association 
was formally organized, as above described, measures were inaugurated to 
secure the incorporation of the Washington Township Society as a Subordinate 
Order. It is in good working condition, and a valuable and never-failing aid 
to the civil officers. Its influence purges juries of dishonest and unworthy 
members, and in many ways it is an invaluable help in the suppression of 
crime, and in the arrest and punishment of criminals. 



WAR HISTORY. 

If there is any one thing more than another of which the people of the Northern 
States have reason to be proud, it is of the record they made during the dark 
and bloody days of the war of the rebellion. When the war was forced upon 
the country, the people were quietly pursuing the even tenor of their ways, 
•doing whatever their hands found to do — making farms or cultivating those 
already made, erecting homes, founding cities and towns, building shops and 
manufactories^ — in short, the country was alive with industry and hopes for the 
future. The country was just recovering from the depression and losses inci- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 553 

dent to the financial panic of 1857. The future looked bright and promising, 
and the industrious and patriotic sons and daughters of the free States were 
buoyant with hope — and, looking forward to the perfecting of new plans for the 
insurement of comfort and competence in their declining years, they little " 
heeded the mutterings and threatenings of treason's children in the Slave States 
of the South. True sons and descendants of the heroes of the " times that tried 
men's souls" — the struggle for American independence — they never dreamed 
that there was even one so base as to attempt the destruction of the Union of 
their fathers — a government baptized with the best blood the world ever knew. 
While immediately surrounded with peace and tranquillity, they paid but little 
attention to rumored plots and plans of those who lived and grew rich from 
the sweat and toil, blood and flesh of others — aye, even by trafficking in the 
offspring of their own loins. Nevertheless, the war came, with all its attendant 
horrors. 

April 12, 1861, Fort Sumter, at Charleston, South Carolina, Maj. Ander- 
son, U. S. A., Commandant, was fired upon by rebels in arms. Although basest 
treason, this first act in the bloody reality that followed was looked upon as 
mere bravado of a few hot-heads — the act of a few fire-eaters, whose * sectional 
bias and hatred of freedom were crazed by excessive indulgence in intoxicating 
potations. When, a day later, the news was borne along the telegraph wires 
that Maj. Anderson had been forced to surrender to what had at first been 
regarded as a drunken mob, the patriotic people of the North were startled --from 
their dreams of the future — from undertakings half completed — and made to 
realize that behind that mob there was a dark, deep and well-organized pur- 
pose to destroy the Government, rend the Union in twain, and out of its ruins 
erect a slave oligarchy, wherein no one would dare question their right to hold 
in bondage the sons and daughters of men whose skins were black, or who, 
perchance, through practices of lustful natures, were half or three-quarters 
removed from the color that God, for His own purposes, had given them. But 
they "reckoned without their^host." Their dreams of the future — their plans 
for the establish nient of an independent confederacy, were doomed from the 
inception to sad and bitter disappointment. 

Immediately upon the surrender of Fort Sumter, Abraham Lincoln, Amer- 
ica's martyr President, who, but a few short weeks before, had taken the oath 
of office as the nation's chief executive, issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 
volunteers for three months. The last word of that proclamation had scarcely 
been taken from the electric wires before the call was filled. Men and money 
were counted out by hundreds and thousands. 

The people who loved their whole government could not give enough. 
Patriotism thrilled and vibrated and pulsated through every heart. The farm, 
the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, the bench, the college, the school- 
house — every calling offered its best men, their lives and fortunes in defense of 
the Government's honor and unity. Party lines were, for the time, ignored. 
Bitter words, spoken in moments of political heat, were forgotten and forgiven, 
and, joining hands in a common cause, the masses of the people repeated the 
oath of America's soldier-statesman : . " By the great Eternal, the Union must 
and shall he preserved ! " 

The gauntlet thrown down by the traitors of the South in their attack upon 
Fort Sumter was accepted, not, however, in the spirit with which insolence 
meets insolence, but with a firm, determined spirit of patriotism and love of 
country. The duty of the President was plain under the Constitution and laws, 
and above and beyond all, the masses of the people, from whom all political 



554 HISTOEY OF LEE COUNTY. 

po^Yer is derived, dt^nandcd the suppression of tlie rebellion, and stood readr 
to sustain the authority of tlieir representatives and executive officers. 

April 14. A. D. 1S61, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States,, 
issued the folkwing EKOCLAMATION. 

WiiEKr^s. The laws of the United States have been and now are violently opposed in several 
States, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed in the ordinai-y way : I therefore ciill for 
the militia of the several States of the Union, to the aggregate number of 75,000. to suppress 
said combinations and execute the laws. 1 appeal to all loyal citizens to facilitate and aid in 
this ettbrt to maintain the laws, the integrity and the perpetuity of the popi^lar government, and 
redress wiMngs long enough endured. The tii-st service assigned to the foi^es, probably, will be 
to repossess the forts, places and property which have been seized from the Union. Let the 
utmost care be taken, consistent with the object, to avoid devastation, destruction or interference 
with the property of peaceful citizens in any part of the country ; aud I hereby command per- 
sons composing the afoi-esaid combination to disperse within twenty days trom date. 

I hereby convene both Houses of Congress for the ith day of July next, to determine upon 
measures for public safety which the interest of the subject demands. 

ABRAHAM LINCOLN, 

AVm. H. Sewakp. Seeretari/ of iState. Pres:idmt of the United States. 

SeventT-live thousand men were not enough to subdue the rebellion : nor 
■were ten times that number. The war went on, and call followed call, until it 
began to look as if there would not be men enough in all the Free States ta 
crush out and sttbdue the monstrous war traitors had inaugurated. But to every 
call for either men or money there was a willing and a ready response. And 
it is a boast of the people that, had the supply of men fallen short, there were 
women brave enough, daring enough, patriotic enough, to have offered them- 
selves as sacrifices on their country's altar. Such were the impulses, motives 
and actions of the patriotic men of the Xorth, among whom the sons of Lee 
made a conspicuous and praiseworthy record. 

The readiness with which the first call was filled, together with the embar- 
rassments that surrounded President Lincoln in the absence of sufficient laws 
to authorize him to meet the unholy, unlooked-for and unexpected emergency — 
an emergency that had never been anticipated by the wisest and best of 
America's statesmen — together with an underestimate of the magnitude of the 
rebellion, and a general belief that the war could not and would not last more 
than three months, checked rather than encouraged the patriotic ardor of the 
people. But yery few of the men, comparatively speaking, who volunteered in 
response to President Lincoln's call for 75,000 volunteers for three months^ 
were accepted. But the time soon came when there was a place and a musket 
for every man. Call folloAved call in quick succession, until the number reached 
the grand total of 8.339. 74S, as follows : 

April 16. 1S61, for three months 75.000 

May 4, 1861. for five years 64,7-4S 

July. 1S61, for three vears 500.000 

July IS, 1S62, for three yeai-s 300.000 

August 4, 1S62, for nine'months 800.000 

June. lS6o. for three yeai-s 3tK>,tXX) 

October 17, lS6o. for three yeai-s SOO.lKX) 

February IS. 1S64. for three yeai-s .....*. 500.000 

.July 10, 1864, for three yeai-s 20O,0tX> 

July 16, 1864, for one. two and three year^ 500,0l.X> 

December 24, 1864, for three yeai-s 300,000 

Total 3.339,748 

The tocsin of war was sounded, and meetings were held all over the North 
to consider the situation and devise wars and means to meet the President's^ 
call. The first meeting in Fort Madison was held on the evening of Tuesday,. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 555 

the 18tli day of April. Fred Hesser was chosen to preside, and W. W. 
Winterbotham and John 11. Knapp were selected as Vice Presidents. M. 
Ashby and George H. Albright acted as Secretaries. 

R. W. Albright, J. M. Beck, W. H. Davis, A. T. Shaw, G. W. Walker, 
R. McFarland, H. C. Seinple, D. G. Scroggs, John Van Valkenburg and John 
A. Nunn were appointed a Committee on Resolutions. 

The Committee retired, and, during their absence, the meeting was addressed 
by John H. Winterbotham on the condition of the country. 

The Committee, after a brief absence, returned and reported the following 
resolutions : 

Resolved, 1. That in times like these, when the very existence of the Government under 
which we and our fathers have lived in happiness and prosperity is threatened, and when con- 
spirators, rebels and insurgents are waging war against the constitutional authorities of the 
■country, it behooves all good citizens who are true to their common country and to liberty to 
take an open and decided stand for the supremacy of the Constitution and the laws. 

2. That, as the painful fjict is evident that our country is in danger, it will aid us not to 
lay the cause of our perils at the door of any statesman or political party ; our duty is now to 
protect and preserve our Constitution ; crimination and recrimination will not do this. Therefore, 
■forgetting the past, and resolving neither to criminate or accuse those whose political opinipns 
■and views of public policy differ from ours, we will co-operate with all patriotic citizens of all 
parties who love their country and are prepared to stand by her in this hour of necessity. 

The third resolution indorsed and adopted the resolutions and sentiments 
promulgated by the Assembly of the State of California, which were in full 
accord with the sentiment then prevailing throughout the North. The resolu- 
tions were unanimously adopted. Speeches were made by J. M. Beck, Dr. 
Davis, J. A. Goodrich, T. S. Espy, Judge Viele, D. G. Scroggs, J. Van Valken- 
burg and J. H. Knapp. 

John H. Knapp, W. H. Davis, R. Lange, W. W. Stevens and M. Ashby 
were appointed a committee to accept volunteers. 

The same issue of the Plain Dealer^ P. Staub, publisher. Dr. A. C. Roberts, 
■editor, from which these proceedings of the patriotic people of Fort Madison 
4ire transcribed, had the following sensible, clear-headed editorial : 

"TRUE PATRIOTISM. 

"True patriotism does not exhibit itself in outbursts of passion and denunci- 
ation, nor does it stop to inquire into the right or wrong of the country — 
Avhenever the flag is insulted and disgraced it is ready under any and all cir- 
cumstances to rush to its support. Therefore, however we may condemn the 
source of the war and the sad policy that brought it about, the Government 
must and will be supported by the people, and the flag sustained. Our duty is 
to our country. Whatever the people will in this country under the Constitu- 
tion is the law^ and the officers of the Government are the servants of the 
people, and must render to them a strict account of their stewardship. This 
is true patriotism under a republican form of Government. In a crisis like 
this, the people must curb all passion and all partisan feeling and let the fire of 
true patriotism glow in their hearts; and, whoever, in times like these, lets 
passion and hatred rule in his heart and control his tongue or pen, however 
much he may swear he is true to his Government and just to his country, is 
not a true patriot, but a turbulent breeder of sedition, if not (which is alto- 
gether probable) a cowardly poltroon. 

" With a calm and true pa,triotism, then, that rises above party feeling and 
neighborhood broils, that countenances a wide range of opinion (which is per- 
fectly consistent with the honor and safety of our free institutions, and which 



55G HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

cannot be restrained with safety to them), let us all join, heart and hand, in 
the noble effort of arresting our country from anarchy and everlasting disgrace.'^ 

" To hallowed duty, 
Here with loyal and herodc hearts 
Bind we onr lives.' " 

Guided by such resolutions and such patriotic advice as above quoted, 
volunteering at once commenced, and it was not long before one company was 
filled and ready for the fray. 

THE FIRST OFFERING. 

The first soldiers to represent Fort Madison, in the war for the Union, were 
eight brave Germans, who, anxious to be first to the front, and fearing that the 
company being organized at home would be too late to enter the one regiment 
apportioned to Iowa under the first call for troops, went to Burlington, and 
succeeded in getting into Capt. Mathias' company, which had been accepted as 
one of the ten to form the First Iowa Infantry. The names of these eight are 
as follows : Henry Rose, John Koehler, Adolph Lotz, George Schlapp, Robert 
Scholtz, David Sequin, August Soechtig and Frank H. Westermann. West 
Point added two to the number in the persons of Anton Heinricks and William 
Stockmann. 

The organization of a company was commenced at Fort Madison, under the 
following volunteer agreement : 

" We, the undersigned, able-bodied men, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, do 
hereby volunteer our services to Gov. Kirkwood, and obligate ourselves to be in readiness to 
march in defense of our country as occasion may require, subject only to such regulations as 
may hereafter be enacted by the Government for the regulation of volunteers 
Mat. Ashby, William Harrison, Demoine AVilson, 

George W. Walker, Charles E. Staub, Edmond Smith, 

J. Durfey, Frank M. Smith, E. F. Cowles, 

W. C. Hersburger, William Smith, S. M. Wellever, 

J. D. Huff, J. S. Mason, Thomas Pumroy, 

W. H. Woodcock, W. AV. Stevens, F. Buthe, 

J. D. Corielle. W. Buckholtz, A. D. Root, 

.Jasper Schmelzle, Jefferson .-cott, John Walgamuth, 

AV. B. Phillips, J. B. Morrison, W. H. Davis, 

Charles E Gibbs, W. G. Ray, AV. W. Morrison, 

W. H. McKee, Charles AVebster, J. H. Lowery. 

On the night of the 27th of April, the people of Fort Madison again met 
in council, Judge Edward Johnstone was called to the chair, and W. G. Ray 
was appointed Secretary. Extracts were read from the great war speech of 
Stephen A. Douglas, and also the letter of Archbishop Hughes to the great 
war-meeting in Ncav York, which elicited great applause. 

On motion of F. Hesser, a committee of five Avas appointed to raise relief 
funds for the families of volunteers. The committee consisted of Edward John- 
stone, A. T. Shaw, R. A. Russell, F. Hesser and Charles Brewster. 

W. H. Davis, W. W. Stevens and George W. Walker, were appointed a 
committee to raise additional volunteers ; and on motion of Dr. Shaw, a com- 
mittee of five, consisting of Peter Miller, Dr. Claypole, Charles Doerr, John 
W. Winterbotham and R. McFarland, was appointed to raise funds to defray 
the expenses of the volunteers prior to their being accepted by the Governor of 
the State. 

On motion of Dr. Claypole, a committee of one from each Ward was ap- 
pointed to wait on the Mayor and Board of Aldermen of Fort Madison to 
request an appropriation in aid of the families of volunteers, who were mus- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 557 

tered into the service. This committee consisted of Dr. Whinnery, First Ward ; 
B. Hugel, Second Ward ; F. Hesser, Third Ward ; and John Wilson, Fourth 
Ward. ^ 

Dr. Claypole, .J. A. Nunn, R. A. Russell, Peter Miller, S. Winterbotham, , 
Dr. Whinnery, J. i^^. Harper, I. R. Atlee, J. W. Winterbotham, J. C. Atlee, 
and almost every other housekeeper present, offered to open up their houses to 
one or more voluntiters until they were accepted. 

Enthusiastic Uiiion speeches were made by Messrs. Casey, Winterbotham, 
Shaw, Claypole, H'^"?ser, Davis, and others. The ladies present sang the "Star 
Spangled Banner,' jii^d after three rousing cheers for the Union, the meeting- 
adjourned until the rfext Thursday evening. 

At a meeting of Ihe Mayor and Board of Aldermen, on the 16th of May^ 
at which were pr^ent Mayor Giligan and Aldermen Mc Henry, Dinsmore, 
Brick er, Bendlage,\Kiel, Shulte and Herminghausen, the folloAving resolutions 
were unanimously adopted : 

1. That the sum, of $2,000 be and the same is hereby appropriated for the purpose of fur- 
nishing, taking care (.\f and supplying the wants of the volunteers who have lately enlisted from 
this place, and tenderm their services to the Executive of this State for the purpose of defending^ 
our Government, and ttat said sum or any part thereof be used and disbursed by F. Hesser, C. 
Brewster, H. Cattermolfe|^H. M. Salmon and B. Hugel, on the part of the town, and the Mayor,. 
Aldermen Kiel and M^vHenry, on the part of the Board of Aldermen, of this city ; and it is 
understood that the favfc-ing application is to apply to all and every necessary expense, whether 
credited or to be credittj, that has been, or may be, for the welfare of the aforesaid volunteers 
or their families until cpierwise provided. 

2. That the Mayor is hereby authorized and instructed to issue in such amounts as said 
committee shall find laost convenient, the above $2,000 in corporation cash notes, bearing ten 
per cent interest, due in one year from date, but redeemable at any time sooner, at the will of 
the Board, and receivable for all cash corporation taxes. 

- 3. That the abov'jp notes shall be known as " Fort Madison War Notes." 

* P. GILIGAN, Mayor. 

Attest: G. H. Albright, Clerk. 

And so the good work went on. While one part of the people were offer- 
ing to sacrifice their lives in defense of the Government, the other part were 
making provisions to secure the families of such as volunteered, against want 
in the absence of their natural protectors. 

The first company organized in Fort Madison took the name of the John- 
stone Rifles, in honor of Hon. Edward Johnstone. It was ofiicered as follows : 
Captain, J. C. Harper; First Lieutenant, J. W. Sample; Second Lieutenant, 
W.W. Stevens; Orderly Sergeant, G. W. Walker. 

But the enlistment of volunteers did not rest with the completion of the 
organization of this company. It continued as long as men were needed, and 
until almost every able-bodied man was numbered among the fighting boys in 
blue. 

The people in other parts of the county were equally active in the cause 
of the Union, and war-meetings were held in almost every schoolhouse in 
the county. 

On the evening of Saturday, the 27th of April, the people of West Point 
and vicinity met together for the purpose of consultation, and to determine 
how they could best render service to the imperiled cause of the country. 
John G. Hardy acted as Chairman, and J. P. Peters and M. E. McKibben 
served as Secretaries. A. J. Fridley, Gen. Hollman, A. G. Leech, W. B. 
Stewart and John Codner, were appointed a committee to draft a series of 
resolutions expressive of the sense of that community on the condition, 
of the country. The meeting then adjourned until the next Wednesday 
evening. 



>558 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

The resolutions reported by the committee were in full sympathy with the 
Tesolutions adopted at the Fort Madison meeting, and alread^v^ quoted. 

In Marion Township, the people Avere wide aAvako and full of patriotic ardor. 
,Theiirst Avar-meeting in that township was held at Wilcox's Schoolhouse, 
and was attended by every man that could get there. Edward Courtright pre- 
sided, and S. F. Dunlap acted as Secretary. The fcHowing spirited and 
patriotic resolutions were adopted: 

1. That the seceding States are not in any way justifiable in the coarse they have taken, and 
that we, as legal citizens of the Federal Government, will not oounte ance their proceedings, 
either by lending them aid, oonitart or sympathy with their course. 

2. That we will sustain the Federal Government in carrying out the Constitution an d 
upholding the laws of the land. „ 

3. That it is the duty of every man to support the present admi'C*stration, either by aid or 
sympathy, irrespecuivo of party, so long as it proceeds conatiiutionali''^^ 

4. That those who openly or secretly advocate the cause of the ^ ceding States are danger- 
•ovis to the neighborhood in which they live. 

5. That wo, as neighbors, desire to live in peace, one with another, and for the furtherance 
■of this object we will drop partt/ ties, and say nothing calculated to eaibltter one against another. 

6. That under the circumstances we deem it advisable to raise a company for home 
protection. 

7. That we will know each other no longer as Democrats and Eep'iblicans, but as lovei-s of 
liberty and supporters of the Constitution of "the United States, as iraraed by our forefathers. 

Saturday, April 27, a rousing Avar-meeting Avas held at' Montrose, at Avhich 
spirited resolutions Avere adopted. 

The same day an enthusiastic meeting Avas held in Cedar ToAvnship, at 
Avhich Joseph Bayles presided as Chairman, and H. J. Ch'lds acted as Secre- 
tary. Tavo companies Avere started — a company of infantiiy and a company of 
cavalry. Fifty-four names were signed to the horse-compqny muster-roll, and 
fifty to the infontry. 

AT KEOKUK. 

The first Avar-meeting at Keokuk was held at Verandah Hall, on Wednes- 
day evening, April 17. An immense audience Avas present. J. M. Hiatt Avas 
called to preside. Col. William Leighton and Henry Newton Avere chosen as 
Vice Presidents, and T. I. McKenny acted as Secretary. C. E. Moss stated 
the object of the meeting, after Avhich Samuel F. Miller, Esq., now of the 
Supreme Bench of the United States, Avas called to the front. He said: ''The 
time for talking has passed. The time for action has come. Rebellion is 
organized, and the existence of our Government is threatened." When ^Ir. 
Miller asked the question, "Will we sustain our Government, or Avill Ave sus- 
tain the rebellion? " the response was deafening. 

Mr. Jeftbrd was called out. He said he Avas, and always had been, a Dem- 
ocrat, but now he kncAv no party but his country and his Government. 

Gen. H. T. Reid, S. T. Marshall, Col.' Torrence and Col. Leighton 
addressed the meeting. 

Monroe Reid said the Southerners were like the prairie bull that attacked 
the rushing locomotive and AA^as knocked into smithereens. " Their desperation 
may be aAvful, but d — n their discretion." A A^oice, "That's good Monroe 
doctrine," upon Avhich the cheering Avas tremendous. Mr. Reid concluded by 
inviting all Avho Avished to fight for their country, to meet him and Capt. 
McHenry at Military Hall, on the next Thursday evening. 

The " Star Spangled Banner " Avas sung and the meeting adjourned Avith three 
cheers for the Constitution, the perpetuity of the Union, and the "Stars and 
Stripes." 

PreA'ious to this meeting, the organization of several companies had been 
commenced with the purpose of offering their services to the Government. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNIT. 561 

The "German Jaegers," under Capt. Barnisconi, had headquarters at 
Rice's Hall, at the corner of Main and Fourth streets. The Keokuk Artillery 
Company established themselves over Miller's store, on Main street, between 
Seventh and Eighth. The old "Keokuk Guards" were re-organized under 
the name of the Union Guards, at a meeting held at their hall on the evening 
of April 18. Thirty members enrolled their names at this meeting, and their 
services were at once tendered to the Government. 

A recruiting office was also opened in Belknap's building, on Fourth street, 
between Main and Blondeau. 

The Union Guards completed their organization by the election of the fol- 
lowing officers: Captain, R. H. Huston; First Lieutenant, T. I. McHenry;^ 
Second Lieutenant, S. M. Archer; Third Lieutenant, J. M. Reid; First Ser- 
geant, J. L. Davis; Second, Daniel Teesdale; Third, Webster Ballinger; 
Fourth, John Mackley; Fifth, J. C. Wickersham; Ensign, Thomas Flood; 
First Corporal, Samuel P. Curtis; Second, John Finnerty; Third, Ralph R. 
Teller; Fourth, John Taugher. 

Iowa's quota under the first call was one regiment. The German Jaegers 
becoming dissatisfied with Capt. Barnisconi, disbanded, and twenty-one of the 
members of his company Avent to Burlington and joined Capt. Mathias' com- 
pany, which had been accepted. As these brave Germans were Keokuk's first 
contribution to the service, their names are here given, together with those who 
accompanied them from other parts of the county : 

'George Shaefer, .Jacob Koppenhofer, Andre Nogle, 

Ernest Becker, Henry C. Kummer, Adolph Rinker, 

William Buss, Philip Lang, Fridolin Rommel, 

Ferdinand Fahr, Frederick Leonhart, Ernst Rotteck, 

Philip Grumschlag, Conrad Limburg, John Ruckert, 

John U. Klay, Charles F. Limle, Henry Schaelling, 

Charles Knapp, Robert Mertz, ' Charles Schulz. 

In the formation of the regiment (First Iowa), this company was designated 
as " Company D." 

John Brothers, of Charleston Township ; G. J. Buckingham and Thomas J. 
Zollars, of Keokuk, went to Mount Pleasant and enlisted in a company that 
was being raised there, and which became Company F of the First Regiment. 

Henry A. Field, Henry A. Hills, Thomas H. Hart, James A. Shedd, Jr., 
of Denmark, enlisted at Burlington, and were members of Company E. 

Tuesday evening, April 23, the Keokuk Artillery and Governor's Guards 
re-organized and tendered their services to the Governor. W. H. Appier, Cap- 
tain ; James Cox, First Lieutenant ; J. H. Holmes, Second Lieutenant. 

Monday evening, April 22, a meeting was hold at the old Athenseum, on 
Second street, to provide aid for the families of volunteers. Henry Strong was 
chose'n to preside, and George W. McCrary (now Secretary of War) and E. 
Jaegers acted as Secretaries. A committee, consisting of twenty persons, was 
appointed to solicit subscriptions. The committee was made up of the follow- 
ing-named gentlemen : Gen. A. Bridgman, Col. William Patterson, B. B. 
Hinman, W. S. McGavic, W. N. Sturgis, E. Jaeger, John Hurst, John Fanning, 
William Timberman, B. S. Merriam, Smith Hamill, W. W. Belknap, William 
Leighton, I. H. Sullivan, William F. Thompson, all of Keokuk ; F. Ballinger, 
Sandusky; 0. Reeves, Montrose ; John Schooley, Summitville ; N. D. Prouty, 
Buena Vista; G. W. Browning, Charleston. 

A company of Home Guards was organized April 26, with 103 members. J. 
C. Parrott, Captain; William Leighton, First Lieutenant; W. F. Thompson, 
Second Lieutenant ; A. S. Tyler, Orderly Sergeant. 



562 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Keokuk was designated as the place of rendezvous for the First Iowa, but it 
was not until the 10th of May that all the companies arrived. 

The first companies to arrive at the rendezvous were the Davenport and two 
Dubuque companies. They came by the steamer " Hawk-Eye State," arriving 
May 7. The next day, two companies arrived from Muscatine and two from 
Burlington. The Burlington companies were quartered in the building now 
occupied by D. G. Dowry's news depot. On the 10th, the Iowa City, Cedar 
Bapids and Mount Pleasant companies arrived, and were provided with quarters 
wherever shelter was to be found. For three weeks, the regiment was distrib- 
uted around, quartered in buildings in different parts of the city. At the end 
of that time, tents and camp equipage arrived, and Camp Ellsworth was estab- 
lished, which was the first military camp in the State. 

A second call for volunteers was issued on the 4th day of May, 1861, and 
the Second and Third Begiments of Iowa Infantry were organized. Capt. 
Huston's Keokuk company, the Union Guards, were assigned to the Second 
Begiment. 

On the 25th of May, the citizens of Keokuk arranged a grand picnic for 
the soldiers then in Camp Ellsworth. The arrangements were commenced and 
completed without regard to expense. The "tables" were lavishly supplied, 
and heartily enjoyed by the First Begiment, four companies of the Second and 
thousands of citizens. Speeches, music, etc., enlivened the occasion. 

The first three Iowa regiments were still at Keokuk when the death of Hon. 
Stephen A Douglas occurred, and took part in the funeral obsequies that were 
observed on Tuesday, the 11th day of June. 

The sick from the First, Second and Third Begiments were cared for at the 
Medical College Hospital, then under the management of Dr. D. L. McGugin, 
father-in-law of Dr. J. C. Hughes. Their situation was made as comfortable 
as possible by the ladies of Keokuk, who visited them daily, carrying to them 
delicacies of every description, flowers, books, etc. 

On the 17th of July, a meeting was held at the Court House to provide for 
a committee of safety. A committee of five were appointed from each ward 
and three from the country — twenty-three in all. Besolutions were adopted 
instructing the City Council to appropriate funds necessary to provide for the 
protection of citizens and property. 

The pen could be employed for months in telling of the patriotic uprising 
of the people, of war-meetings, of the formation of companies and regiments, 
and of the deeds of valor and heroism of the boys in blue from Lee County. 
There is material here for volumes upon volumes, and it would be a pleasing 
task to collect and arrange it; but no words the writer's pen could employ would 
add a single laurel to their brave and heroic deeds. Actions speak louder than 
words, and their actions have spoken — are recorded in pages written in blood. 
The people of no county in any of the States of the freedom and the Union 
loving North made a better record during the dark and trying times of the 
great and final struggle between freedom and slavery, patriotism and treason, 
than the people of Lee. Monuments may crumble, cities may fiill into decay, 
the tooth of time leave its impress on all the works of man, but the memory of the 
gallant deeds of the army of the Union in the war of the great rebellion, in 
which the sons of this county bore so conspicuous a part, will live in the minds 
of men so long as time and civilized governments endure. 

Not alone were the people patriotic in their offerings of men, but they were 
liberal in their offerings of money, as well. Money was counted out by hun- 
dreds and thousands of dollars. Whenever money was needed, whether for 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 563 

■fitting volunteers for the field of duty or for the support of their families, it 
was given liberally, freely. The amount thus contributed, if it were possible to 
ascertain the grand total, would be almost incomprehensible. Thousands of 
dollars were given of which no account was kept. When money was needed, 
it was given on the spot. No one stopped to inquire why or wherefore, or 
how much. All that was needed was to know that it was for an imperiled 
country. 

It has been stated already how willingly and liberally the authorities of Fort 
Madison came to the relief of soldiers' families, and how willingly the peo- 
ple of the municipality paid their share of the taxes necessary to meet the day 
of payment. So with the county authorities; they were not backward, nor 
was there any grumbling about high taxes. 

Monday, August 18, 1862, the Board of County Supervisors being in 
session, Hon. Samuel Boyles, appointed for the purpose at a war-meeting held 
on the 14th of that month, presented the following paper for the consideration 
of the Board, which was adopted : 

Whereas, The Government of the United States has made two recent calls for 300,000 men 
each, to aid in the suppression of the present rebellion, to be raised by draft, if not volunteered: 
and whereas, it is desirable to avoid the odium of a draft, which might be regarded an impeach- 
ment of the patriotism of the county, and believing that ample bounties should be provided for 
the volunteer soldiers, and that it is right that the property of the county should bear all charges 
of this character, and that^j those who stay at home should be willing to be taxed in order that 
a reasonable bounty may be given to the patriotic men who so nobly came forward and volun- 
teered to fight the battles and sustain the glorious flag of our counti-y ; and that by giving a 
bounty of ?)75 to each married man, and $50 to each single man volunteering, it is not buying 
men, as some questionably loyal men call it, but, on the contrary, it is but in part doing justice to 
those noble volunteers who have thrown themselves in the breach to save this once happy country, 
therefore resolved, 

1. That the County of Lee will pay to each married man who volunteers under the two 
recent calls of the Government $75, and to each single man $50, after he shall have been sworn 
in. and accepted by the United States mustering officer; and that for the purpose of paying the 
above bounty, there be a tax of 5?v mills on the dollar levied upon all taxable property of the 
county, to be called the "County War Tax." 

2. That the President of the Board be instructed to issue war notes to the amount of 
$38,000, said notes be in amounts of from one to one hundred dollars, to bear interest at the 
rate of eight per cent per annum, and to become due in nine months from date, and to be receiv- 
able in payment of the above tax. 

3. That, for the purpose of raising the money in the most expeditious manner possible, we 
appoint one or more persons in each township, who shall call upon every man therein, and sell 
said notes for cash, dollar for dollar ; and that every man in each township will be expected to 
buy at least the amount required to pay his tax ; and that the said persons so appointed shall 
on next Saturday (August 23) pay over to the County Treasurer the amounts received from the 
sale of said notes ; and on Monday, the 1st day of September next, they shall again pay over 
to the Treasurer all money so received ; and the collector or collectors of each township shall 
make a statement of the total amount received in his or their township on the sale of said notes, 
and also publish the names of all persons who shall refuse to pay at least $1. 

4. That the President of the Board shall issue to each person who has or shall volunteer 
under the two recent calls, when the person presents to the President of the Board the certifi- 
cate of the Captain of his company, showing that he has been sworn in and accepted by the 
mustering officer, an order on the Treasurer for the amount to which he shall be entitled. 

5. That all persons who have paid any money to soldiers who have volunteered under the 
two recent calls of the Government, shall have the same refunded to them in said notes. 

On the 1st of September, the Board " Resolved^ that the bounty due the 
volunteers from Lee County, under the two recent calls of the Government, 
should be paid them by the Supervisors ; that, for that purpose, each Super- 
visor should receive from the President of the Board the necessary amount of 
war-notes, and that the Treasurer of the county should turn over to the differ- 
ent townships, not yet appropriated, all moneys paid to him by those townships 
on the sale of war-notes." 



564 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



BOUNTY TO THE GRAY-BEARDS. 



June 4, 1863, the Board of County Supervisors being in session, thej 
" Resolved, that President Salmon be, and he is hereby, authorized to pay the 
volunteers from Lee County in the Thirty-seventh Iowa (or Gray-Beard Regi- 
ment) a bounty of $50 each, upon presentation of their muster into the United 
States service ; such certificate to be issued by the Captain or commanding 
officer." 

Tuesday, December 22, 1863, Messrs. Caffrey, Corey, et al., presented a 
petition, asking that a county bounty be given to volunteers enlisting, so as to 
prevent a draft, which elicited a lengthy discussion, when Mr, Werner offered 
the following resolution, which was adopted : 

Resolved, That, as a draft is expected soon to take place in the County of Lee, and believing 
that the draft cm be avoided by the raising of volunteers, and as it is the opinion of this Board 
that a sufficient numer of volunteers can be raised to fill the quota of Lee County, it is hereby 
declared by this Board that we will encourage volunteering by pledging ourselves that, as mem- 
bers of said Board, we will vote a bounty of $100 to each volunteer at our next regular session, 
provided we are so instructed by our constituents. 

For the purpose of ascertaining the wishes of their constituents, the Board 
ordered a special election to be held in each township on Saturday, the 2d 
day of January, 1864, the ballots to be "For a Volunteer Bounty" and 
"Against a Volunteer Bounty." 

The ayes and nays were called. Ayes, Messrs. Gedney, McCulloch, Wer- 
ner, Hughes, Salmon, Miles, Wilson, Meek, Schooley and McNamara — 10 ; 
Nays, Messrs. Brown, Stevenson, Overton, Marshall, Skinner and Stotts — 6. 

The vote was canvassed by the Board, Thursday, January 7, 1864, when it 
was found that a majority of votes had been cast against the bounty, and it 
was ordered that the matter be dismissed. 

THE VOLUNTEER SOLDIERY. 

Of the volunteer soldiery, what can we say ? What words can our pen 
employ that will do justice to their heroic valor, to their unequaled and unpar- 
alleled bravery? Home and home comforts, wives and little ones, fathers, 
mothers, sisters, bi'others, were given up for life and danger on the tented field 
of battle, for exposure, disease and death at the cannon's mouth. They reck- 
oned none of these, but went out with their lives in their hands to meet and 
conquer the foes of the Union, maintain its supremacy and vindicate its honor 
and integrity. We can offer no more fitting tribute to their patriotic valor than 
a full and complete record, so far as it is possible to make it, that will embrace 
the names, the terms of enlistment, the battles in which they engaged, and all 
the minutiae of their soldier lives. It will be a wreath of glory encircling every 
brow, and a memento which each and every one of them earned in defense of 
their country. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



565 



VOLUNTEER ROSTER. 



TAKEN PKINCIPALLY FROM ADJUTANT GENERAL'S REPORTS. 



^fiuBBISE'VI.A.I'IOaiTS. 



A^t Adjutant 

Art Artillery 

Bat Battle or Battalion 

Col Coionel 

Capt Captain 

Corp Corporal 

Comsy .....Commissary 

com commissioned 

cav cavalry 

captd captured 

desrtd deseited 

disab disabled 

disd discharged 

e enlisted 

excd exchanged 

hon. disd honorably discharged 

inv invalid 



inf infantry 

I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry 

kid killed 

Lieut Lieutenant 

Maj Major 

m. o mustered out 

prmtd promoted 

prisr prisoner 

Regt Regiment 

re-e re-enlisted 

res resigned 

Sergt Sergeant 

trans transferred 

vet veteran 

V. R. C Veteran Reserve Corps 

wd ..wounded 



FIEST INFANTRY. 



[NoTF,. — This regiment was mustered out at St. iMuis, Mo., 
Aug. 25, 1861.] 

Company D. 

Sergt. Geo. Schaffer, e. April 23, 1861. 

Sergt. Henry Rose, e. April 23, 1861, wd. at Wilson's Creek, 

Mo. 
Becker, Earnest, e. April 23, 1861. 
Buss, William, e. April 23, 1861. 
Fahr, Ferdinand, e. April 2:'., 1861. 
Grimschlag, Philip, e. April 23, 1861. 
Henrichs, Anton, e. April 23, 1861. 
Klay, John M., e. April 23, 1861. 
Knaup, Charles, e. April 23, 1861. 
Kohller, John, e. April 23, 1861. 
Koppenhofer, Jak, e. April 23, 1861. 
Knmnier, H. C, e. April 23, 1861. 
Lang, Philip, e. April 23, 1861. 
Leopold, Charles, e. April 23, 1861. 
Limburg, Conrad, e. April 23. 1861. 
Lirnble, Chas. F., e. April 23, 1861 
Lotz, Adolphus, e. April 23, 1861. 
Merz, Robert, e. April 23, 1861. 
Nagel, Andre, e. April 23, 1861. 
Rinker, Adolph, e. April 23, 1861. 
Rommel, T., e. April 23, 1861. 
Rotteck, Earnest, e. April 23, 1861. 
Ruokert, John, e. April 23, 1861. 
Schaelling, Henry, e. April 23, 1861. 
Schlapp, Geo., e. April 23, 1861. 
Scholtz, Robert, e. April 23, 1861. 
Schulz, Charles, e. April 23, 1861. 
Sequin, David, e. April 23, 1861. 
Soechtig, August, e. April 23, 1861. 
Starkman, William, e. April 23, 1861. 
Westerman, F. H., e. April 23, 1861. 

Company F. 

Bowen, Henry C, resd. May 26, 1865. 
Brothers, John, e. April 23, 1861. 
Buckingham, 6. J. 
Zollars, Thos. J. 

Company I. 

Second Lieut. Hugh Brady, resd. Oct. 13, 1864. 
Thompson, Frye W., e. April 23, 1861. 

Company K. 

Capt. John R. Teller, com. 1st lieut. Co. C, prmtd. capt. 
Dec. 6, 1864. 



SECOND INFANTRY. 

[Note. — The non-veterans of this regiment were mustered 
out in April, May and June, 186U. The veterans and recruits 
were consolidate i into six companies, knoivn as Second Vet- 
eran Infantry, which was made a fu'l regiment by the accession 
of three companies from Third Veteran Infantry Nov. 8, 
1S6U. Was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July lH, 1865. 

Col. Samuel R. Curtis, com. May 31, 1861, brig. gen. U. S, 

Vols. May 17, 1861. maj. gen. March 21, 1862. 
Surg. Wells K. Marsh, com. June 21, 1861. 
Aest. Surg. Elliott Pyle, com. May 8, 1862, surg. 2d Ark. 

Inf. Oct. 9, 1862. 
Asst. Surg. William H. Turner, com. act. asst. surg. 

April 30, 1862, term expired, com. asst. surg. Oct. 6, 

1862. 
Adjt. Thomas J. McKenney, com. 1st lieut. Co. A May 

27, 1861, prmtd. adjt. Sept. 23, 1861, maj. and A. A. 

D. C. April 17, 1862, brevt. lieut. col., brevt. brig. 

gen. U. S. Vols. March 13, 1865. 

Company A. 

Capt. Richard H. Huston, com. May 27, 1861, resd. Sept. 

3, 1862. 
Capt. Joseph L. Davis, e. as 1st sergt. May 4, 1861, prmtd. 

1st lieut. Nov. 1, 1861, prmtd. capt. Sept. 4, 1862. 
First Lieut. Daniel Tisdale, e. as sergt. May 4, 1861, 
prmtd. 2d lieut. Nov. 1, 1861, wd. at Ft. Donelson, 
prmtd. lot lieut. Sept. 4, 1862 
i Second Lieut. Sampson M. Archer, com. May 27, 1861, 
I resd. Oct 8, 1861. 

' Second Lieut. Webster Ballinger, e. as sergt. May 4, '61,. 
prmtd. 2d lieut. Sept. 4, 1862. 
First Sergt. John Mackley, e. May 4, '61, vet. Dec. 24, '63. 
I Sergt. Ralph R. Telk-r, e. May 4, 1861. 
i Sergt. John Taugher, e. May 4, 18G1, wd. Ft. Donelson. 
I Sergt. Samuel P. Curtis, e. May 4, 1861. 
I Sergt. Wm. A. Musser, e. May 4, 1861. 
Corp. Eli Ramsey, e. May 4, 1864, disd. Oct. 28, 1862, for 

wds. at Ft. Donelson. 
Corp. G. C. Phillips, e. May 4, 1861, wd. at Corinth. 
I Corp. Thomas A. Stevenson, e. May 4, 1861, wd. at Don- 
elson and disd. 
Corp. Jos. A. M. Collins, e. May 4, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, '63. 
Corp. Thomas J. Parrott, e. Maj' 4, 1861, trans, to Signal 

Cori)s March 28, 1864. 
Corp. Wallace E. Marsh, e. May 4, 1861, wd. Corinth. 
Corp. Wm. H. Wilson, e. May 4, 1861, disd. March 16, 

1863, disab. 
Corp. Wm. Douglass, e. May 4,1861. 
Corp. H. A. Seiberlich, e. May 4, 1861, wd. at Corinth and 

died Oct. 11,1862. 
Corp. Samuel C. Seaton, e. May 4, 1861. 
Musician Erastus Mooi'e, e. Nov. 6, 1861. 
Applegate, Andrew, e. May 4, 1861. 



566 



HISTORY OF T,EE COUNTY. 



Anderson, Smnuot, o. May 4. IStU, disd. Nov. l;5, ISO-. 

Bozwortli, John D„ o. Mjiy 4, 1¥1>1. 

Beedle, Hovace, e. May 4.1S61. 

Bead), Edp»r S., o. May *, ISiU, disd. Oct. 10, 1S6.>. 

Bin!, John NV., e. M)>y -I, IStU, 

Cantvill, Goo., t>. May'4, ISiU. died in hospital at C^»in>, 

Curtis, John. e. May 4, 1S61, disd. Jan. ;n, ISOl disab 

Catlin, GtHj. B„ e. Mav 4, 1S61. 

Ort^pps, Wm., 0. Jlay 4. ISOl. 

Oloujrh. John, e. May 4, ISOl, khi. at battle of Corinth 

Couloy, Jos.. 0. May 4, ISiU. 

Clark. William, o. jlay 4. ISiU, kid. IxUtlo Sbiloh, 

Diekonson. Uarnion, o. May 4. IStU. 

Pay, John h.. o. May 4. ISiU, disd. April 2, 1862. disjib. 

Pemiiis.'. John K., o. Mav 4. ISOl. 

Pow, Chas. C, 0. May 4."lSlU. disd. April 2, 1S62. disiib. 

Kvans. Samuel W.. e. Mav 4. IStU. wd. at Ponelson. distl. 
Au^-. 10, 1S(!2, disiUi. 

Finerty, .lohn. e. 31ay 4. ISiU. 

Farr, S'th. e Jlay 4." ISiU. wd. at Pouelsou. died Oct. 
•JS. 18i!2. 

Friend. Geo. \V., e. May 4. 1861, kid. at Shiloh. 

Foehan. Thomas, e. May 4. 1861. 

Gillaspie, Samuel, e. Msiy 4. 1861, disd. Mai-ch 24, 1862, 
disiib. 

Griffith, Isaac J^.. e. Slay 4. 1861, dieii at St. Louis. 

Grovtr, \V. S. or G. \V., e. May 4, 1861, wd. at Chariton 
Bridge, disd. Aug. 27. 1861. 

Gilclirist. John J., e. May 4. 1861, trans, to 8th Mo. 
Vols. 

l^idwin. J. J. e. May 4. 1861. wd. at Ponelson, disd. May 
6, 1862, disab. 

Gerr. Wm. A., e. Mi»y 4, 1S61. disd. Pec. 2, 1861. disab. 

Hall, liobt., e. May 4. 1861, wd. at Ponelson, disd. jSov. S. 
1862, wds. 

Harper, Wm. K., e. May 4. 1861, wd. at Ponelson, kid. at 
Corinth. 

Haggani. L. J. P.. e. May 4, 1861, disd. Feb. 2, 1862. 

Highanj, Kichsnl, e. May 4, 1861, kid. liattle Ft. Ponel- 
son. 

Holt. Wra.. e. May 4, 1861. 

Hutchinson. .lames, e. May 4, 1861, disd. Nov. 8, 1861, 

disab. 
Johnson, Albert, e. May 4, 1861, tUsd. Pec. 23, 1S61, 

disal>. 
Jones, Webber, e. May 4, 1861, disd. Feb. 7, 1862,disi»b. 
Jennings. Klmore, e. May 4, 1861. died at Ft, Ponelson. 
Kerr. Jan\es, e. May 4, 1861, wd. at Ponelson. 
Koates. Mm., e. May 4. 1.S61. disd. June 16. 1862. disjib. 
Keeveru. Henry, e. May 4, 1861. 
Lejipel. Jno., e. May 4, 1861. wd. and died at Shiloh. 
Long, John W., e. May 4. 1861. 
Loonias, Geo. H., e. aiay 4, 1861, disd. Nov. 7, 1861. 
Leigljtner, John C, e. Mav 4. 1861, disd. Nov. 7, 1861. 
Mayl>ery, Wm. U., e. May 4. 1861. 
McKinzie, Nicolas, e. Mav 4, 1861. 
Mahan, Hutllnan. e. May 4, 1861. 
Neel, Wm., e. Jlay 4, 1861. 

Xatioi., Wm. H.. e. Mav 4, 1861, ditni June 2o, 1862. 
Nash, Janu>s F., e. May 4, 1861. 

Pri>nty, Franklin, e. May 4, 1861, kid. battle of Corinth. 
Patten. Jas. JI., e. Mav 1. 1861, wd. at Ponelson. disd. 

Sept 17, 1862. 
Quicksell, Jame.<. e. Mav 4, 1861. wd. at Ponelson, disd. 

July 21. 1862. 
Renz, John W., e. May 4, 1861, kid. Ivittle of Corinth. 
Kyan, Jno. C, e. May 4, 1861. 
Kickey. .Uw. K,. e. May 4, 1861, disd. Nov. 29, 1861. 
Reese. ,Iohn. e. May 4. 1861, disd. Mav 7, 1S(!2. disab. 
Robinson. Wm. H., e. May 4, 1861. 
R>-!Ui, Henry, e. May 4. 1861, wd. at Corinth. 
Sicer. Lewis P., e. Jlay 4. 1861. 

Sti-anss. Henry, e. May 4. 1861, disd. Jnlv 10, 1S6S, disab. 
Siiyler, GtH>. P., e. .May 4. 1861. wd. at Ponelson. 
Stevens, Ira. e. May 4. 1861. disd. Nov. 12. 1861. disab. 
Soitz. F. R., e. May 4, 1861. 
Stark, Jos. S., e. May 4. 1861. 
Thouiiwon. Geo., e. May 4. 1861. 
Turtou, Horace, e. Stay 4, 1861. disd. Pec, 23, 1S61, 

dis,Hb. 
Underwood, Wm., e. Jlav 4. 1861, died Nov. 13, 1861. 
Vanoo. Jos. W., e. j\lay 4". 1861. 
A'oitolvies. Victor, e. Jan. 20. 1864. 
Vandoventer. R. T., e. May 4, 18r.l. died Oct. 7, 1861. 
Vansoyoc, Giw. e. Mav 4, 1861. died .Ian. 27, 1862. 
Wilsoy. K. B„ e. May 4, 1861. 

Woodnili; ,ras. T.. e. May 4. 1861, disd. Jan. 2, 1862, disab. 
Wilson, Jas. F., e. May 4, 1861. 
Wright. .•V. J., e. Nov."30, 1861, disd. April 2, 1S62, disab. 



Company B. 



Benueke, Julius, e. Sept. 1. 1862. 

B«rtschi, Jacob, e. .A.pril 20, 1861, wd. Fort Ponelson 

Inden, Oliver, e. April 20, 1861. 

Kelley, T. G., e. May 27, 1861. 

Lang. August, e. Aug. 2i>. 1862. 

Nilson. Jas.. e. Juno 26. 1861. died Oct. 26. 1861. 

Patton. John S., e. April 20. 1861. prmtd. corp. 

Root. .V. P.. e. .Vpril 20. 1861, disd. Oct. 19. 1862. 

Smallenburg. Nathan, e. .\pril 20. 1861. 

Steinmits, Adolph. e. April 20. 1861, wd. at Ft. Ronolsoa. 

Thornton, G<v. W.. e. April 20. 1861. 

Company C. 

Corp. Edw. Coiwrau , e. May 27. 1861, wd. at Ft. lX>nel(ii)u 

.Vndei'son. Chas. F., e. May 24. 1861. 

Cease, James A., e. Blay 24. 1861. 

Fitzgerald, .fohn. e. May 24. 1861. 

Gonion. Wm. W.. e May 24. 1861, disd. .\ug. 16, 1861. 

Huutov. Jivs,, e. Slay 24, 1861. wd! at Ft, Ponelson, diad. 

June 13. 1862. 
R.van, Pani^I, e. Sex>t. 18, 1862. 
Swaney, .lohn W., o. .Vng. 23, 1862. 

Company E. 

Bfinder. Wm.. e. May 6, 1861. accidentally kid. by fklling 

fi\nn deck of steamer on SUssissippi River. 
S.-k. Lewis, e. Jnlv 21. 1861, disd. Nov. 16, 1861. 
Stiles, Lu. e. Slay 6. 186 i. died Oct. 24, 1861. 

Company F. 

Corp. Wm. W. Walker, e. Jlay 1. 1861. wd. at Ft. Ponelson. 
McNulty, .lames, e. Sli»y 1, 1861. 

Company G. 

Corti. .\z;>riah l\ Box., o. May 6. 1861. disd. Oct. 9, 1861. 

Company I. 

Second Lieut. Wm. W. Stevens, e. as priv. May ;\ 1861, 

prmtd. 2d liout. April 1. 1862, resd. Pec, 10. 1862. 
Sergt. Geo. W. Walker, e. Slav 28, 1861. 
Corp. .\. S. Cooley. e. Slay 5. 1861. kid. at Shiloh. 
Bonghtou, W. W., e. May .■>, 1861. 
Johnson, GiHi. W., e. Ma.v 5, 1861, vet. Pec. 30, I8t>8. 
Lsuixl, Henry, e. Slay .">, 1861, wd. at Shiloh and CH.)rinlli, 
Morrison. Wm. W., e. Slay .">. 1861, died Sept. 16, 1S61. 
Newton. Isaac, e. Feb. 9, 1864. 
Smith, F. St.. e. Slay o, 1861. 
Schutte. Kmile, e. May ."i, 1861, disd. .\.ug. 27, 1861. 
Van Schock, Samuel, e. Not. 28, 1861. 



81'X\)ND CONSOLIDATED VET- 
ERAN INFANTRY. 

Surg. Wells U. Mai-sh. com. June 21, 1861. 

Asst. Surg. Wm. H. Turner, com. Oct, 6, 1S62. it>sd. Jun« 

4, 186.5. 
Q. St. Jesse C. Wickei-sham. e. as sergt. May 4, IStJl, 

prmtd. t). SI. sergt.. prmtd, 2d liaut, Ci>. B Nov. 10, 

1864, prmtd. Q. SI. .\.pril 2. 18(V>. 

Company B- 

Fii-st Lieut. John TaugUer, e. as 1st sergt. Slay 4, 1861, 
prmtd. 1st lient. .\pril o. I860, m. o.'as 1st sergt. 

Corp. Otto Inden, e. May 27, 1861, vet. Pec. 23, 1863, wd. 
at .\tlanta, disd. June 8. 186.5. 

Cori\ John R. Pimond. e. Slay 4. 1861, vet. Pec. 28, 18(W. 

Corp. .Tohn Finery, e. May 4.1861, vet. Pec. 2.3, 1863. 

Beueka. Julius, e. Sept. 1, 1862. 

CiUUu, Geo. B., e. Slay 4, 1861. 

Pickensou, H. S.. e. Slay 4. 1861. trans. Jan. 27, 1865. 

Hoffman, F., e. Nov. 23, 1861, vet. Pec. 23, 1863, 

Hough, John A., e. Nov. 23, 1861, vet. Pec, 23, 186;!. 

Kiwtes, Wm., e Pec. 24, 186;>, vet, 

Kerr, James, e. May 4, 1861, vet. Peo. 23, 1863. 

Lang. August, e. Aug. 29, 1862. 

Long. John W., e. Mav 4. 1861, vet. Peo. 23, 1S63. 

Slahiu. Hoffman, e. Slay 4, 1861, vet. Pec. 23, 1S6S. 

JlcKinzie, Wm., e. Jan. 19, 1864. 

Richanis. Chas., e. ,Tau. 19, IStH. 

Savior, Geo. P., 0. Mav 4, 1861, vet. Pec. 23, US63. 

Wilsey, K. B.,e. Stay 4, 1861, vet. Pec. 23, 1863. 



HISTORY OF LV.K (BOUNTY. 



567 



Company C. 

■Corp. Edw. Ooroornii, o. April -M, 1S(;i, vi^t. Doc. 2;», ISfill. 
Oeaso, Jus. A , o. April 21, IHdl, vnt. Di'c. 21, 180:!, capW. 

near OoldHboro, N. C, (lisil. Juno 27, 18(15. 
yoloy, Win., 0. Nov. 20, IHOl, vot. Uoc. 2:5, 180:i. 
Ryan, Daniol, «. Sopt. 18, 1K02, <-uptd. near Fayotto- 

villo, N. (1. 
Swanpy, Jolin \V., e. Aujj;. 2:5, 1H02. 

Company C. 

riit.drbauKh, I>. M., o. Hoc. 20, 1H0:(. 

Company H. 

Bongliton, W. W., <i. May f>, 1801, vot. Doc. M), 1803, 

captd. Fob. 23, ]8(ir). 
Van Scyoc, Hainnol.o. Nov. 28, 1801. 



SIXTH INFANTRY. 

[NdTK. — This regiment was mustered out at Louisville July 
21, ISGfK] 

Col. John A. McDowell, com. 1801, resd. March 12, 1863. 
Surg. Albert T. Shaw, com. Aug. 30, 1801, m. o,, term ox., 

ISO-l. 
Hosp. S. Jacob 11. Payntor, o. Sopt. 23, 1861. 
y. Miij. Jas. llodgors, o. Sopt. 1, 1801, disd. April 7, 1802. 
<!. Musician Kicbard Maddern, o. Aug. 2, 1861, m. o. Aug. 

10, 1802. 
Musician S. I. Gates, o. Aug. 2, 1801, m. o. Aug. 16, 1862. 
Musician A. llawkiuH, e. Aug. 7, 1861, m. o. Aug. 16, '02. 
Musician William Maddorn, o. Aug. 2, 1861, m. o. Aug. 

16, 1801. 
Musician Sanuiol M. Titus, o. July 12, 1801. 
Musician Julius (!. Wright, o. July 30, 1861, m. o. Aug. 

10, 1802. 
Musician Morris Peck, e. July 30, 1861, m. o. Aug. 16, 

1862. 
Musician Edward I'ipo, e^ Aug. 2, 1861, m. o. Aug. 10, 

1862. 
Musician Augustus Santo, o. Aug. 5, 1801, m. o. Aug. 

10, 1802. 
Musician Goo. W. Titus, o. July 30, 18G1, disd. Feb. 15, 

1862, dlsab. 

Company B. 

Brockway, Ljmiis, o. July 1, 1801, diod Memphis, Tonn. 

Company C. 

Uummoro, 0. A., o. Aug. 7,' 1801, wd. at Sliiloli and Kono- 
saw Mt. 

Company D. 

Delap, Jos., vet. Jan. 1, 1804. 
Martin, John, vot. Feb. 18,1864. 

Company F. 

Corp. John T'obin, o. Aug. 1, '61, kid. at Missionary Ridge. 

Corp. 1. N. McOlaskoy, e. Aug. 9, 1801, wd. near Jack- 
son, Miss., vot. Jan. 1, 1804. 

Stewart, A. B., o. July 1, 1801, vot. Jan. 1, 1801, wd., date 
unknown. 

Company H. 

Capt, Washington Galland, com. May 10, 1861, captd., 

resd. Juno 20, 1803. 
Capt. George R. Munn, com. 2d liout. in 1861, prmtd. Ist 

lieut. Nov. 21, 1862, prmtd. capt. June 21, 1863, wd. 

at Missionary Kidgo, m. o. Oct. 26, 1804. 
•Capt. James Swan, e. as priv. July 12, 1801, wd. at Dallas, 

Ga., prmtd. capt. Doc. 30, 1804. 
JFirst Lieut. Uufus Goodnough, com. May 10, 1861, resd. 

Oct. 13, IHOl. 
First Liout. Edwin F. Alden, prmtd. 2d lieut. Jan. 2, 

1863, prmtd. 1st lieut. Jan. 22, 1803, m. o. as sergt., 
tornf expired Nov. 5, 1804. 

First Lieut. Wm. H. Oviatt, com. March 29, 1805, trans. 

from Co. A. 
Second Lieut. Orcinos C. Snyder, e. as priv. July 15, 1861, 

prmtd. 2d liout. Jan. 1, 1865, m. o. as Ist sorgt. 
Sergt. Samuel M. Titus, o. July 12, 1861. 
Sergt. A. B. Stevens, e. July 12, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, 

died near Macon, Ga. 
Sergt. John McOleary, o. July 12, 1861, raptd. at Shiloh. 
Sergt. Robt. G. Sleater, e. July 12, 1861, vot. Jan. 1, 1864. 
<!orp. S. W. Camp, o. July 12, 1861, diod at St. Louis. , 

■Corp. Dennis Miles, e. July 12, 1861, diod July 31, 1863. | 



Corp. Michail Bowon, o. .luly 12, 1801. 

Corp. Wni. II. WiilHon, o. July 12, 1801. 

(!or|>. Wni. T. llalTord, o. July 12, 1801, kid. at Shiloh . 

Corp. John Watson, o. July 12, 1861. 

Corp. TlioiMHH F. MolOvony, o. July 12, 1861. 

(.'orp. Wm. Si)ain, e. July 12, 1801, wd. at Shiloh, dlnd., 

date unknown. 
Corp. L. W. Wood, o. July 12, 1801, vot. .Tan. 1, 1864. 
Corp. Fu(iuaLyon, o. July 12, 18(il. 
Corp. Josso Carter, e. Aug. 8, 1861, vot. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Corp. Jas. S. Ortnian, e. July 15, 1861, vet. Jan. I, 1864. 
Corp. 0. C. Snyder, o. July 15, 1861, wd. at Missionary 

Ridge, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. at Konesaw Mountain. 
Musician Stephen H. Hand, e. July 12, 1861, disd. Aug. 

8, 1801. 
Musician Theo. Hand, o. July 12, 1801, disd. Aug. 8, 1801. 
Alios, 10. K., O.July 12, 1861, vot Jan. 1, 1864. 
Anderson, Jos. S., e. July 12, 1861. 
Allen, Chas. !>., o. July 12, 1861, wd. Missionary lUdgo. 
Bixloy, Aaron, o. July 12, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1861. 
Barnes, II. C, o. July 12, 1861, prmtd. Corp., captd. at 

Shiloh. 
Burk, S. P., 0. July 12, 1861, wd. at Shiloh. 
Batloy, Jas. C, c. .Inly 12, 1861, disd. March 27, '63, disab. 
Best, Levi A., e. July 12, 1801, died at Jollersou City, Mo. 
Camaron, Hugh, o. July 12, 1861. 
Carroll, John, o. July 12, 1861, captd. at Shiloh. 
Curry, Clayton, o. July 12, 1861, disd. Feb. 28, 1862, dlsab. 
Church, Wm., o. July 12, 1861, cajitd. at Shiloh and 

paroled. 
Cooney, M. L., o. July 12, 1861, disd. Feb. 19, '62, disab. 
Chapman, .lacob, e. July 12, 1801, vot. Jan. I, 1864. kid. 

at Atlanta. 
Coleman, Wm., o. July 12, 1801, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Davis, Jas. W., o. Aug. 2, 1861, disd. July 16, 1864, disab. 
Emmitt, Wm., o. July 12, 1861, vet. .Jan. 1, 1804, wd. acci- 
dentally Jan. 21, 1805. 
Fox, .lohn, 0. .July 12, 1861, vot. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Fitz Henry, Daniel, e. July 15, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, wd. 

at Dallas, Ga. 
Gue, H. R., e. July 15, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Hass, Chas., e. July 15, 1861, captd. Shilon and paroled. 
IIuftord,,rohn W., e. July 15, 1861, wd. Shiloh, disd. Aug. 

15, 1862. 
Hill. Albert, e. July 15, 1861, disd. Aug. 18, '62, disab. 
Hustin, Geo. W., e. July 15, 1861, vet. .Ian. 1, 1864, died 

April 5, 1864. 
.Jones, Wm., e. July 15, 1861, died Aug. 2, 1862. 
.Tohnson, Jos.M., e July 15, 1861. 
Kight, Harvey, e. July 15, 1861, captd at Shiloh, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
KnucU, George, e. July 15, 1861, kid. at Shiloh. 
Line, Elias, o. Sopt. 17, 1861. 
Lamott, Antono, e. July 15, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, diod 

at Re^aca. 
Lawlor, John, e. July 15, 1861, vet. Jan. I, 1864, wd. at 

Resaca. 
Laphani, Dolos, o. July 15, 1861, vot. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Mooro, Wm. H., o. July 15, 1861, wd. at Resaca. 
Millor, William, o,. .luly 16, 1861. 
McCord, .James, o. July 15, 1801. 
McNeely, Geo. W , e. .July 16, 1801. 
McCleanuin, John, o. July 15, 1801, wd. at Kenesaw 

Mountain. 
Mahan, Patrick, o. July 15, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
O'Doiiall, Edw., e. July 16, 1861, disd. Feb. 15, 1862, disab. 
Rogers, John, e. July 15, 1861, vot. Jan. 1864, wd. Dallas, 

died at Allatoona, 
Robertson, Pi^tor, e. July 15, 1861, wd.at Shiloh, vot. .Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Shaner, George, o. July 15, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, disd. 

April 4, 1805. 
Snout, Thomas, e. Aug 2, 1861. 
Stewart, R. H., e. July 15, 1861. 
Stewart, John, e. Aug. 2, 1801, vet. .Ian. 1, 1864. 
Tadlock, William, e. July 12, 1861, disd. Aug. 31, 1861, 

disab. 
Walker, H. L., e. Aug. 6, 1861. died at Tipton, Mo. 
Willson, Geo. W., e. July 12, 1801, diod Feb. 18, 1862. 

Company K. 

Capt. Byron K. Gowles, o. as private .July 1, 1801, prmtd. 

1st lieut. Sept. 14, 1801, prmtd. capt. April 7, 1862. 

resd. April 7, 1803. 
Jayne , Timothy, e. July 12, 1801. 
Poots, jfoseph, e. July 12, 1861, wd. at Chattanooga. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Shreck, e. IMarch 29, 1864. 



568 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



(Note. 
IS, ISGi^. 



SEVENTH INFANTRY. 

—Tliis regiment wan mtistered out at Louisville July 



Col. Jas. C. PaiTott, com. cnpt. Co. E Aug. 3, 1861, \vd. at 
Belmont, prmtd. lieut. col. Nov. 22, 1S61, wd. at Cor- 
inth, com. col. Juue 13, 1805. 

Smii. .los. Everingham, com. asst, sui^. Avig. 20, 1S62, 
prmti.1. surg. Sept. 13, 1863. 

Adjt. Daniel F. Bowler, com. 2d lieiit. Co. D July 25, 1S61, 
prmtd. adjt. Aug. 31, 1861, wd. and captd. at Belmont, 
rcsd. Aug. S, 1S6-1. 

Adjt. Wm. \V. Siipp, e. as corp. July 12, ISGl, prmtd. com. 
sergt., prmtd. wdjt. Oct. 13, 1864. 

Musician Julian D. Coriel, e. July 25, 1861, wd. at bat. 
Belmont. 

Company B. 

Mills, Silas B., e. Feb. 3. 1802, kid. at Corinth. 
Strickland, John. e. March i. 1S02. 

Company C. 

McNeill, Milton, vet. Jan. i. 1801. 

Company D. 

Capt. Jas. F. Harper, com. July 25, 1S61, wd. at Belmont, 

lieut. col. 1st Tenn. A. "d. Heavy Artillery Sept. 

16, 1S63. 
Capt. Benj. B. Gale, e. as sergt. July 25, 1801, prmtd. 2d 

lieut. Aug. 31, 1861, wd. at Belmont, prmtd. 1st lieut. 

July 22, 1863, wd. at Corinth, prmtd. capt. Sept. 16, 

1863, wd. accidentally May 27, 180-1, resd. Aug. 3, '64. 
Capt. Jos. B. Morrison, e. as sergt. July 25, 1861, prmtd. 

2d lieut. July 22, 1802, wd. at Corinth, prmtd. ist lieut. 

Sej>t. 11, 1803, prmtd. capt. Aug. 4, 1864, m. o. as 1st 

lieut. Sept. 17, 1804, term expired. 
Capt. Jas. D. Hamilton, e. as corp. July 25, 1861, wd. at 

Corinth and Lay's Ferry, Ga., prmtd. 1st lieut. Aug. 

4, 1804, prmtd. capt. Sept. 18, 1864. 
First Lieut. Jas. B. Sample, com. July 25, 1861, wd. at 

Ft. Donelson, capt. 1". S. V. June 30, 1812. 
Sergt, Samuel J. Atler, e. Oct. 1, 1861, captd. at Belmont. 
Sergt, Chas, Webster, e. July 25, 18GI, captd, at Belmont, 

died at Macon. Ga. 
Sergt. AVm. G. Kav, e. July 25, 1861. 
Sergt. Beiij. Thomas, e. July 25, 1861, vet. Dec. 21, 1863, 

kid. near Atlanta. 
Corp. John Walgamuth, e. .July 25, 1861, wd., disd. April 

2, 1802. 
Corp. Jones B. Bouney, e. July 25, 1801, disd. Nov. 27, '61. 
Corp. Geo. M. Martin," e. July 25, 1861, vet. Dec. 21, 1863. 
Corp. Jos. Dmfee, e. July 25", 1801. 
Corp. Geo. T. Claypoole,"e, July 25, 1861. 
Corp. Luther McNeill, e. Nov.'l. 1861, vet. Dec. 24. 1863. 
Corp. 0. T. Yale. e. July 25, 1861, vet. Dec. 21, 186:1 
Musician I. C, Fortney, e. July 25, 1861, wd. at Corinth. 

trans, to Inv. Corps Dec. 11, 1863. 
Musician E. F. Cowles, e. July 25, 1861, vet. Dec. 21, '63. 
Bonnell, S., e. Jan. 20, 1864. 
Brown.'Chas., e. July 25, 1861, captd. at Belmont, disd. 

March 16, 1863. 
BlHUchard, Wm. F., e. July 25, 1861, disd. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Beiry, Wm., e. July 25, 1801, vet. Dec. 21, 1863, wd. at 

Lay's Ferry, Ga. 
Cunningham, Thos., e. Julv 25, ISGl. vet. Dec. 21, 1863. 
Coles, C. B., e. Feb. 26, 1861, wd. Corinth, vet. Dec. 20, '63. 
Denny, Jos,, e. Feb. 24, 1864, wd. Lav's Ferry, Ga., trans. 

to V. K. C. 
Eitzer, Conard, Julv 25, 1801. wd. .at Corinth Oct., 1802. 
Fye. John W., e. jiilv 25,1801, vet. Dec. 24, 1863. 
Griffith, Wm. P., e. j"uly 23, 1861. 
Gross, Nicholas, e. Julj' 23, 1861, wd. at Belmont, vet. 

Dec. 24, 1863. 
Heiser, John, e. Jan. 23. 1864, wd. at Lav's Ferrv, Ga. 
Hufl", John D., e. July 23, 1861, vet. Dec." 24, 1803. 
Heiser, Philip, e. Jan. 23, 1804. 
Ingereoll, E. D., e. Jan. 20, 1804. 
lugereoU, Hiram, e. Jan. 20, 1804. 

Johnston, Oliver, e. July 23, 1861, died at Fort Holt, Ky. 
Jotter, Chris, e. Jan. 23^ 1804. 

Knight, J., e. Feb. 22, 1864, wd. aud died Mav 16, 1864. 
Knight, I. J., e. Feb. 20, 1804. 
Kreiger, Alex., o. Feb. 13, 1804. 
Lewis, Chas., e. July 23, 1861, disd. June 28, 1862. 
Logan, John, e. Feb. 13, 1864. 
Lutz, John, e. Aug. 5, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, ISW. 
Logan, Amos, e. Feb. 9, 1864. 
McNeill, Milton, e. July 25. 1801. wd. at Belmout. died 

at Keokuk. 



McVey, V. C, e. Feb. 13, 1864. 

Montgomery, J. A., e. Feb. 22, 1864. 

JlcNeill, Alviii, e. July 25, 1801, disd. Dec. 7, 1861. 

JlcVey, W. T.. e. Jan. 30, 1864. 

Miller, .los., e. July 25, 1861. wd. ,it Belmont. 

Malcom, F., e. .Ian. 5, 1864. 

Phillips, AVm. B., e. July 2,i, 1861, wd. at Corinth ajul in 

August, 1863. ' 

Pickard", John D., e. July 2">, 1801, vet. Dec. 27, 1S63. 
Pickard. H. J., e. Oct. 15, 1801, disd. May 6, 1862. 
Powell, AVni. H., e. July 25, 1861, vet. D'ee. 24, 186;5. 
Pickard, Wm. E., e. Oct. 15, 1861, wd. at Belmont, dieil at 

Columbus, Ky. 
Quiirterman. Wm. II., e, July 25, 1861, 
Kisser, Jacob, e. March 13, 1804. 

Karey, Jas. M., e. July 25, 1861, disd. April 1, 1862, disab. 
Kedding, F. M., e. July 25, 1861, wd, at Fort Donelson and 

Shiloh, vet, Dec, 24, 1863, 
Kollett, Geo., e. July 25, 1861, wd, at Corinth, vot.Dec,24, 

1863, wd, at Dallas, Ga. 
Rogers, Henry, e. July 25, 1861, captd. at Belmout, wd. 

at Corinth. 
Sequin, Wm., o. Jan. 25, 1864. 

Scott, Jefferson, e. July 25, 1S61, di-d. July 13, '62, disab. 
Schnieltsle, John J., e. July 25, 1861, wd. at Belmont, 

disd. April 12, 1862. 
Steele, H. C, e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
Schiller, Johu, e. July 25, 1861, wd. at Belmont, vet. Dec. 

24, 1863. 
Somerville, Andrew, e. July 25, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1803. 
Strine. Chtistian, e. July 25, 1861, disd. Oct. 11, '61, disab, 
Votaw, Mahlon, o. July 25, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863. 
Wilson, D. L., e. July 25. 1861, captd. at Shiloh. 
AVood, Chas. L., e. Ja"n. 25, 1864. 
Wnlbert, Henry, e. July 25, 1861, wd. at Corinth, trans, to 

07th Bat. Inv. Corps. 
Toung, James, e. .Tul.v 25, 1801, kid at Corinth. 

Company E. 

Capt. Curtis F. Conn, com. 1st lieut. .\ug. 3, 1801, prmtd. 

capt. Nov. 22, 1861, wd. Corinth, resil. Aug. 31, 1864. 
Capt. John McCormick, e. as sergt. July 28, 1861, wd. 

Belmont, prmtd. 2d lieut. March 22, 1862, prmtd. 

capt. Aug. 4, 1864. 
Fii-st Lieut. James L. Bess, e. as 1st sergt. July 12, 1861, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. Nov. 22, 1861, resd.^Aug. 3, 1864. 
First Lieut. John Knight, e. as private July 12, 1861, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. Aug. 4, 1864. 
Second Lieut. Andrew J. Mefford, com. Aug. 3, 1861, 

resd. March 21, 1862. e. as private Jan. 4, 1864. 
Sergt. Nathaniel Keed, e. July 12, 1861, wd. Corinth, 

trans, to Tenn. Heavy Artillery Jan. 22, 1864. 
Sergt. T. J. Pollard, e. Jiily 28, 1S61. 
Sergt. H. H. Wilson, e. July 28, 1861. 
Sergt. Chas. 0. Bleuess, e. July 12, 1.S61, disd. Nov. 4, 1861, 

disab. 
Sergt. Clayton Hart, e. Julv 12, 1861, wd. Corinth, vet- 
Dec. 24, 1863. 
Corp. Geo. E. Humphrey, e. July 12, 1801, \vd. Corinth. 
Corp. Wm. H. Vansant, e. July 12. 1861, captd. Belmont, 

disd. Nov. 29. 1S02, disab. 
Corp. Geo. W. Diggs, e. July 12, 1801, wd. Belmont, died 

of wds. at Jlound City," III. 
Corp. Morrison Zuber, e. July 12, 1801. 
Corp. Thos. W. Taylor, e. July 12, 1861, captd. Belmont, 

died Tnscaloosa, .Via., while prisr. 
Musician Harmon Birdsall, e. July 2;*. 1861, died Pitts- 
burg, Tenn., May 10, 1802. 
Allison, Abner, e. July 12, 1861, wd, Belmont, 
Bunsh, Isaac, e. Aug," 29, 1801, kid. Shiloh. 
Bnniap, P. D., e. Feb. 24, 18ti4. 

Brown, William H.. e. July 28, 1801. died Ft. Holt, Ky. 
Babcock, H. W., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 

Chandler, J., e. July 12, 1801, disd. Aug. 22, 1862, diaab.. 
Corder, T. T. S., e. Feb. 18, 18t;4. 
Chinneworth, Jos., e. July 28,1861. 
Dednmn, Wm. H., e. Feb. 18, 1804. 
Duncan, D. W., e. July 12, 1861. 
Danlbrd, F., e. Jan. 5, 1804. 

Dove, Wm. C, e. Feb. 3, 1864, wd. Lay's Ferry, Ga. 
Finley, John, e. July 12, 1861, disd. April 28, 1862. 
Fannin, M. C, e. Jan. 4, 1804, wd. near Dallas, Ga. 
Finley, John, e. Feb. 23, 1804. 
Godeard, Jos., e. Feb. 23, 1804, wd. Dallas, Ga. 
Havden, Geo. B., e. Julv 12, 1801 
Hayden, F. M., e. Feb. 1, 1804. 
Harmon, Birdsell, e. Julv 12, 1861, died Monterey, Tenu., 

May 10, 1862. 
Harmon, WlUiam, e. March 1, 1862. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



569^ 



Hicks, John W., e. July 28, ISfil, died Mound City Hospi- 
tal Or.t. 17, 1861. 

Hart, A. P., e. March 5, 1864. 

Halickson, Alex., e. July 28, 1861, kid. Belmont. 

Heiney, Peter A., e. Feb. 28, 1862, vet. Feb. 18, 1864. 

Johnson, John E , o. July 12, 1861, died Bird's Point, Mo. 

Jones, John W., e. July 28, 1861, wd. Belmonf. 

Lesly, John, e. July 12, 18G1, disd. Dec. 28, 1861. 

Mefford, A. J., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 

McDonegal, H. W., e. Dec. 19, 1861, died Jan. 22, 1862. 

McCoy, Chas., e. Feb. 18, 1864, wd. Atlanta. 

Miles, Peter, e. July 28, 1861, wd. Corinth. 

Magee, Jas., e. Feb. 24, 1864, wd. Lay's Ferry, Ga. 

Morgan, John, e. July 28, 1861, disd. and died Nov. 
26, 1861. 

McCormick, J. W., e. Feb. 23, 1864. 

O'BIenness, Chas., e. Jan. 4, ]864. 

Pursell, Thomas, e. July 12, 1861. 

Perrigo, T. S., e. Jan. 21, lfc64. 

Polcer, Stephen, e. Julv 12, 1861. 

Perredge, Wm. H., e. July 12, 1861. 

Pollock, N. W., e. Feb. 17, 1862, disd. April 28, 1862. 

Pipkin, Henry, e. July 28,1861, kid. at battle of Belmont. 

Rose, Israel, e. Jan. 23, 1864. 

Russell, H. H., e. Dec. 25, 1863. 

Rose, Homer, e. Aug. 13, 1861. disd. June 8, 1862, disab. 

Rickey, Henry, e. July 28, 1861, wd., disd. Sept. 6, 1864. 

Rollins, John, e. March 8, 1862, disd. July 26, 1862. 

Sholte, Albert, e. July 28, 1861, disd. Sept. 26, 1862, disab. 

Stewart, Geo. T., e. Jan. 20, 18G4. 

Spratt, Jas., e. July 12, 1S61, disd. April 2, 1862, disab. 

Selby, Jos., e. July 12, 1861. 

Sarage, H. H., e. July 12, 1861. 

Sherman, Chas. S., e. July 12. 1861, shot at Corinth. 

Shepherd, Wm., e. Aug. 23, 1861, disd. Sept. 8, 1861, disab. 

Sheppard, Theo., e. July 12, 1861, kid. at Belmont. 

Stockwell, Carl, e. July 28, 1861. 

Taylor, W. D., e. Jan. 21, 1864, died at Marietta, Ga. 

Tavlor, F., e. July 12, 1861. 

Vanansdal, A. B., e. Aug. 23, 1861, disd. July 26, 1862. 

Willifjrd, Thomas, e. July 12, 1861, disd. Nov. 4, 1861, over 
age. 

White, Edw., e. July 28, 1861, died in Lee Co., Iowa. 

White, W. G., e. July 28, 1861, disd. April 28, 1862. 

Waters, R. H., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 

Woodruff, Jas. T., e. Jan. 28, 1864. 

Weyrick, John W., Jan. 25, 1864, wd. at Lay's Ferry, Ga., 
disd. July 25, 1864. 

Wolfenberger, C. B., e. Feb. 22, 1864. 

Warehelm, D., e. Feb. 22, 1864, kid. Aug. 4, 1864. 

Company F. 

Doolittle, Edw. R., e. 1861, wd. at Corinth. 
Dunn, Thomas, e. 1861, captd. at Belmont, died at Annap- 
olis, Md., 0:t. 25, 1862. 
Devereaux, Patrick, e. 1861, wd. at Ft. Donelson. 

Company H. 

Oapt. Allen D. Cameron, prmtd. sergt. maj., then adjt. 
Aug. 9, 1864, prmtd. oapt. Aug. 6, 1864. 

Company I. 

North, Livingston, e. Aug. 22, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863, wd. 
at Lay's Kerry, died, date unknown. 

Company K. 

White, Chas. D., e. Maich 27, 1862. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Allen, Hugh'C, e. Feb. 24, 1864. 
Babcock, H.W., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Danford, F., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Malcom, Frank, e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Mefford, A. J., o. Jan. 4, 1864. 



FOURTEENTH INFANTRY. 

[Note. — This regiment, except veterans and recruits, was 
mustered out at Davevport November 16, 1S6U; vetrans and 
recruits were consolidated into Residuary Battalion lUth Infan- 
ti'y, which was mustered out at Davenport August 8, 1865.] 

Company D. 

Oapt. John S. Agey, e. as 1st sergt. Sept. 28, 1861, prmtd. 
Ist lieut. March 25, 1862, missing at Shiloh, prmtd. 
cjipt. Jan. 1, 1863. 



Sergt. Thos. H. Childs, e. Sept. 28, 1861, captd. at Shiloh,. 

trans, for prmtn. col. regt. Aug. 18, 1862. 
Atkinson, Felix, e. Sept. 28, 1861, captd. Shiloh. 
Christian, Augustus, e. Sept. 28, 1861, captd. Shiloh. 
Creel, William, e. Oct. 7, 1861. 
Deo, John, e. Sept. 28, 1861, captd. Shiloh. 
Deo, Cyrus, e. Sept. 28, 1861, captd. Shiloh. 
Duffey, Nelson P., e. Sept. 28, 1861, disd. Sept. 6, 1862. 
Denivsr, James, e. Oct. 4, 1861, died Keokuk. 
Ebe, Peter, e.Oct. 4, 1861, captd. Shiloh. 
Graham, Henry, e. Oct. 4, 1861. 
Houser, D. L., e. Sept. 28, 1861. 
Heald. Nathan, e. Oct. 12, 1861, died June 9, 1862. 
Keeler, John A., e. Oct. 12, 1861, captd. Pleasant Hill, La. 
Loomis, A. J., e. Sept. 28, 1861, died July 10, 1862. 
McCuUough, John, e. Oct. 4, 1861, disd. Aug. 2, 1862, 

disab. 
Morte, Augustus, e. Sept. 28, 1861. 
Taylor, P. B., e. Feb. 4, 1863, wd. Pleasant Hill, La. 
Thomas, John H., e. Oct. 12, 1863. 
Winters, Geo. H., e. Sept. 28, 1861, disd. Oct. 16, 1862. 
Spurrier, Thos., e. Aug. 21, 1862. 

Company I. 

Campbell, John, e. Oct. 5, 1861, captd. Shiloh, vet. Dec. 
1, 1863. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Downes, T., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Hixon, James, e. Dec. 8, 1863. 



RESIDUARY BATTALION, FOUR- 
TEENTH INFANTRY. 

Company B. 

First. Lieut. Thos. B. Beach, com. Nov. 19, 1864. 
Corp. Evan J. Dobbins, e. Sept. 22, 1862. 
Downs, Theophilus, Jan. 5, 1864. 
Miller, Jackson, e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Taylor, P. B., e. Feb. 4, 1863. 



FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. 

[Note. — This regiment wasmustered out at Louisville, Ky.y 
July 2U, 1865.] 

Col. Hugh T. Reed, com. Nov. 1, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, brig. 

gen. March 13, 1863. 
Col. Wm. W. Belknap, com. maj. Nov. 7, 1861, wd. at 

Shiloh, prmtd. lieut. col. Aug. 1, 1862, prmtd. col. 

April 22, 1863, brig. gen. July 30, 1864, brevet maj. 

gen. U. S. V. March 13, 1865. 
Surg. Wm. H. Burnham, com. Nov. 2, 1861, not mustere* 
Hospital Steward Henry T. Folgar, e. Nov. 15, 1861, died 

Feb. 20, 1862. 

Company A. 

Capt. Roger B. Kellogg, e. as private Feb. 3, 1862, prmtd. 

2d lieut. Sept. 14, 1862, prmtd. 1st. Nov. 28, 1862,. 

prmtd. capt. Dec. 22, 1864, wd. on skirmish line, died 

at Pocotaligo, S. C, Jan. 17, 1865. 
Second Lieut. Wm. C. Hershberger, e. as private Jan. 23, 

1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. Jan. 4, 1865. 
Sergt. Geo. W. Walker, e. May 25, 1861, prmtd. 2d lieut, 

U. S. A. Feb. 3, 1862. 
Corp. Wm. B. Elsroad, e. Jan. 15, 1862, wd. at Shiloh, disd. 

Jan. 31, 1863. 
Burke, David W., e. Nov. 16, 1861, trans, to 17th regt. 
Finley, Wm. B., e. Nov. 10, 1861, disd. 
Hughes, A. J., e. Nov. 16, 1861, disd. May 19, 1862, disab. 
Payne, Henry, e. Nov. IC, 1861, disd. Feb. 12, 1862. 
Reid, Daniel, e. Nov. 16, 1861. 
Rhynsburger, D., e. Oct. 18, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, disd. 

April 8, 1863. 
Diller, John, e. Feb. 12, 1862, disd. July 31, 1862. 
Draper, Wm., e. Feb. 12, 1862, vet. Feb. 20, 1864. 
Foley, Patrick, e. Jan. 2, 1862, died March 9, 1862. 
Gift, Charles. 

Hart, James, ■ , disd. Jan. 6, 1863, di=ab. 

Helmick, David, , wd. at Shiloh, died June 13, '62. 

Morgan, Nathan, e. Jan. 30, 1862, disd. 

Moon, John D., , wd. at Shiloh, disd. Oct. 17, 1862, 

disab. 
Norton, Patrick, , vet. Feb. 20, 1864, wd. near At- 
lanta. 
Newberry, Amos. 



570 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



Palmer, H. A., , kid. at Shiloh. 

Keed, Daniel, e. Nov. 16, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1S64. 

Sims, John B., e. Jan. 31, 1862, wd. at Shiloh, disd. Dec. 

17, 18G2. 
Smith. John, e. Feb. 19, 1862. wd. at Shiloh, disd. Aug. 9, 

1862. 
Smith, James, e. Jan. 22, 1862, died at Keokuk. 
Thompson, Wm. H., e. March 5, 1862. 
Stant, Chas. E., e. .Tan. 26, 1862, tnins. to 17th Inf. 

Company B. 

First Lieut. John C. Brash, e. as corp. Oct. 18, 1861, prmtd. 

1st lieut. Feb. 2, 1S63, rosd. July l;i, 186'1. 
Fett, John, e. Nov. 6, 1861. 
JClay, John, e. Nov. 9, 1861, from Co.'D, 1st Inf. 
Oakley, John S., e. March 1, 1862, disd. Nov. 23, 1862. 
Polser John P., e. Feb. 18, 1862, \vd. at Shiloh, died Oct 27, 

1862. 

Company C. 

<^apt. Edgar 'T. Miller, com. 2d lieut. Co. I April 7, 1862, 
prmtd. 1st lient. July 4, 1862, prmtd. capt. this Co. 
Nov. 28, 1862, m. o. term e.vpired, May 31, 1865. 

Keasling, Oeo., e. March 21, 1864. 

Woolkitt, John F., Jan. 8, 1862, vet. Feb. 1, 1864. 

Company D. 

Angell, John, e. Oct. 15, 1861, \vd. at Shiloh, disd. June 3, 

1863. 
Devolt, Burnett, e. Oct. 15, 1861, vet. Dec. 31, 1863. 
<3oodman, Jacob, e. Oct. 15, 1861, disd. June 17,1862, disab. 
McDowell, Wm., e. Oct. 15, 1861. 
Trump, Geo., e. March 22. 1864, wd. near Atlanta. 
Weaver, John, vet. Dec. 5, 1863. 

Company E. 

Capt. Kichard AV. Hutchcraft, com. Dec. 1, 1861, wd. at 

Shiloh, resd. July 8, 1862. 
Second Li?ut. Don Carlos Hicks, e. as Corp. Oct. 21, 1861, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. Oct. 26, 1S64. 
Sergt. Perry A. Enslow, e. Oct. 21, 1861, died July 26, '62. 
Corp. John J. Wilson, e. Dec. 1, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864. 
<k)rp. Wm. Clark, e. Oct. 21, 1861, kid. at Shiloh. 
Corp. Melvin Sweet, e. Oct. 21, 1861, disd. Oct. 3, 1862, wd. 

at Shiloh 
■Corp. Solomon Holcomb, e. Oct. 21, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, 

wd. near Atlanta. 
Corp. J. W. Fonts, e. Dee. 28, 1861, kid. at Shiloh. 
Addington, W. G., e. Oct. 21, 1861, disd. July 16, '62, disab. 
Arnold, Wm. M., e. Feb. 24, 1862, trans, for promn. asst. 

surg., 1st Miss. Inf. Nov. 14, 1863. 
Buck, Wm. G., e. Dec. 14, 1861, trans, to 17th regt. 
Bowen, John, e. Aug. 31, 1862, wd. near Atlanta. 
Coovert, David, e. Dec. [2, 1861, drowned in Des Moines 

Kiver. 
Clark, Kobert, e. Aug. 27, 1862. 
Carver, Wm. D., e. Oct. 21, 1861, died Sept. 12, 1862. 
Ci-awford, Benj., e. Sept. 8, 1862. 
Chandler, E. D.,"e. Nov. 4, 1861. 
Chapman, S., e. Sept. 8, 1862. 
D\il'ar, Chas., e. Nov. 8, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, disd. Aug-. 16, 

1862, disab. 
Elmoi-e, Howard, e. Oct. 21. 1861, vet. Dec. 6, 1863, wd. 

near Atlanta. 
<3illham, James, e. Nov. IS, 1861. 
<Trove, Silas, e. Jan. 13, 1862, wd. at Shiloh, vet. .Tan. 14, 

1864, wd. near Atlanta. 
Helwick, John H., e. Sept. 8, 1862. 
Herdman, Robt., e. Dec. 2, 1861, wd. at Shiloh and died. 
Henderson, J.as. J., e. Feb. 4, 1864, wd. near Atlanta. 
Inskeep, John, e. Dec. 2, 1861, trans, to 17th regt. 
MeCray, Wm. M., e. Aug., 1862. 
Moore, Geo., e. Oct. 21. 1861, disd. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Miller, Wm., e. .Tan. 13, 1862, wd. at Kenesaw Mountain. 
Nothershead, John L., e. Nov. 16, 1861. 
Orrin, Christ., e. .Tan. 13, 1862, vet., kid. near Atlanta. 
Orm, Robt. e. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. near Atlanta. 
Orm, Oliver, e. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. at Kenesaw Slonntjiin. 
Orm, J. F., e. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. near Atlanta. 
Pierce, .Tohn W., e.Oct. 21, 1861, wd. at Corinth. 
Peterson, Wm., e. Oct. 21,1861, wd. at Corinth, disd. Oct. 

17, 1862. 
Taylor, D. S., e. Oct. 21, 1861. 
Wilson. Robt., e. Dec. 6, 1861, wd. near Atlanta. 
Burk, Wm. C, e. Feb. 3, 1861. 

Barnum, Chas. L., e. March 1, 1S61, disd. Dec. 16, 1862. 
Hicks, H. H., e. Feb. 27. 1862, disd. Doc. 16, 1862. 



Sellers, Wm. H., e. March 1, 1862. 

Smith, Aug.. e. Jan. 13, 1862, vet. Jan. 14, 1864, kid. at 

Atlanta. 
Stewart, Wm., e. .Tan. 14, 1862, disd. July 9, 1862. 
Smith, Wm. P., e. March 1, 1862, disd. Jan. 16, 1863. 
Talbert, Benj., e. March 13, 1862, died at Vicksburg. 
Thompson, Geo. U., e. March 3, 1864, died at Fayettville, 

N. C. 
Wright, Jesse M., e. Feb. 3, 1862, disd. June 10, 1862, 

disab. 
Warehine, Andrew, e. Dec. 31, 1861, captd. at Canton, 

Miss. 

Company F. 

Arnold, James, e. Aug. 30, 1862, missing at Favettevillo, 

N.C. 
Dillon, Charles, e. Jan. 30, 1862, missins:: at Corinth, vet. 

Feb. 1, 1864. 
Campbell, Samuel, e. March 31, 1864. 
Koynes, Jos., e. Feb. 10, 1862. 

AVhalin, Edward, e. Feb. 12, 1862, died March 2.5, 1862. 
Kelley, Jas., e. March 25, 1864. 

Company H. 

Musician Loren Tyler, e. I>ec. 21, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Company I. 

Capt. Lloyd D. Simpson, com. .Tan. 24, 1862, resd. March 

25, 1862. 
Capt. James M. Keid, com. 1st lieut. Jan. 26, 1862, wd. at 

Shiloh, prmtd. capt. July 4, 1862. 
Second Lieut. Henry Scheevers, e. as sergt. Oct. 13, 1861, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. April 22, 1863, wd. at Ezra Church, 

Ga., resd. Oct. 28, 1864. 
Sergt. James R. Williams, e. Feb. 1, '62, disd. June 17, '62. 
Sergt. William L. Watson, e. Oct. 1, 1861, vet. Dec. 5, 

1863, wd. near Atlanta. 
Corp. Isaac N. Hewitt, e. Dec. 20, 1861, vet. Dec. 5, 1863. 
Corp. Hassell Rambo, e. Oct. 4, 1861, died June 3, 1862. 
Corp. Benj. F. Keck, e. Oct. 1, 1861, wd. at Shiloh. 
Corp. Dan'l W. Johnson, e. Jan. 18, 1862, vet. Feb. 20, '64. 
Buckley, Daniel, e. Dec. 16, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, died at 

Mound City. 
Bain, Patrick, e". Dec. 27, 1861, wd. at Corinth, disd. July 

15, 1863, disab. 
Batterman, Henry, e. Jan. 6, 1S62, died at St Louis. 
Berry, Thos. W., e. .Tan. 28, 1862, disd. June 13, 1862. 
Buss, William, e. Sept. 26, 1861, wd. at Corinth, vet. Dec. 

5, 1863. 
Copeaker, Wm., e. Dec. 31, 1861, disd. June 17, 1862. 
Chandler, E., e. Nov. 4, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, vet. Dec. 5, 

1863, wd. at Atlanta. 
Davis, Solsbery, e. Oct. 1, 1861, vet. Dec. 6, 1863. 
Doyle, James, e. Jan. IS, 1862, kid. at Shiloh. 
Eads, A. D., e. Jan. 2S, ISOJ, died at Keokuk. 
Feagins, D. T., e. Oct. 21, 1861, died June 8, 1862. 
Flvnn, Patrick, e. March 14, 1864. 
GoUlsmith, David, e. March 25, 1864. 
Halverson, Thor., e. Oct. 21, 1861. 
Hutchinson, Geo., e. Jan. 8, 1862, died at Keokuk. 
Kennaday, Henrv, e. Dec. 30, 1861, died May 11, 1862. 
Lee, Geo. H., e. March 31, 1864. 
Luder, John, e. Dec. 15, 1861, disd. Aug. 16, 1862. 
Morgan, John, e. Dec. 1, 1861. 
Mnrphy, .Tames, e. Oct. 21, 1861, died at Shiloh. 
Ohaver, Solomon, e. Jan. 7, 1861, died Aug. 16, 1862. 
Odinburg, Edward, e. Feb. 15, 1861, vet. Feb. 20, 1864. 
Pnrker, Asa B., e. .Tan. IS, 1862, wd. at Corinth, vet. Feb. 

20. 1864. 
Persinger, R. T., e. Feb. 18, 1862, vet. Feb. 20, 1864. 
Kees, Jos. N., e. Jan. 17, 1862. 
Rodgers, Adam A., e. Feb. 15, 1862, wd. at Shiloh, disd 

Dec. 16, 1862. 
Richard, Joseph, e. Nov. 20, 1861, disd. June 13, 1862. 
Schevei-s, R., e. Feb. 14, 1864. 
Vanderwall, H. V., e. Dec. 9, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, disd. 

Aug. 8, 1862. 
White, John, e. Oct. 27, 1861, vet. Dec. 5, 1864, wd. at 

Atlanta. 
White. Wm. H., e. — , vet. Dec. 5, 1864. 
Walters, Geo., e. Oct. 19, 1861. 
Ward, William, e. — , wd. at Shiloh, vet. Dec. 5, 1864. 

Company K. 

Corp. James G. Shipley, e. .\ng. 21, 1862. 
Christian, Archibald, e. Sept, 17, 1862. 
Gibson, Wm. A., e. Aug. 30, 1862, wd. at Atlanta. 
Hastings, Enoch, e. Nov. 10, 1861, died at Vicksburg. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



571 



Urmstead, Daniel, e. Aug. 23, 1862. 

Westcott, Alvin, e. Aug. 30, 1862, trans, to V. B. C. Oct. 
6, 18G4. 

COMPANY UNKOVVN. 

Long, August, e. Aug. 29, 1862. 

Pair, Win. M., e. Sept. 9, 1862, drowned in Miss. River. 

Prince, Albert, e. Sept. 9, 1862. 

Reasting, Geo., e. March 21, 1864. 

Roberts, Wm., e. Aug. 31, 1862. 

Totten, Wm. 



SIXTEENTH [NFANTRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Louisiiille, 
Ky., July 19, 1SG5.] 

Company B. 

Huy, Henry Dude, e. Nov. 14, 1862, prmtd. corp. 

Company F. 

Marsh, J. N. , e. Feb. 28, 1862, vet. March 19, 1864, captd. 

near Atlanta. 
Sniff, Amos, e. Jan. 24, 1862, vet. Jan. 26, 1864, missing 

near Atlanta. 
Sniff, E., e. Jan. 24, 1862. 

Company G. 

ItYidricia, Theo., e. Sept. 6, 1861. 

Company K. 

Oapt. Michael Zettler, com. in 1861, died of wds. received 

at Shiloh. 
Capt. Wm. Stackman, e. as corp. Sept. 28, 1861, prmtd. Ist 

lieut, Jan. 1, 1865, prmtd. capt. June 2, 1865. 
Sergt. Geo. Frenun, e. Oct. 3, 1861. 
Sergt. W. Bucholz, e. Sept. 16, 1861, died May 22, 1862. 
Corp. Christian Ulrich, e. Oct. 2, 1861. 
Corp. Christian Strein, e. Dec. 17, 1861, disd. July 29, '62. 
Brimelsick, Henry, e. Sept. 28, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, disd. 

Nov. 6, 1862. 
Distel, Peter, e. Jan. 21, 1862, disd. March 27, 1863. 
Eitzer, John, e Feb. 9, 1862, disd. July 1, 1863, disah. 
■Gost, John, e. Sept. 20, 1861. 
Haager, Karl, e. Dec. 20, 1861, captd. Atlanta, 
Hanschild, David, c. Oct. 15, 1861, died June 3, 1862. 
Hayn, Herman, e. Nov. 2, 1S61. 
Harold, Geo., e. Dec. 19, 1861, captd. Atlanta. 
Hind^cher, Jacob, c. Oct. 13, 1861, captd. Canton, Miss. 
Kudebe, Frederick, e. Dec. 20, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, died 

June 22, 1862. 
Lentner, M., e. Sept. 20, 1861, disd. Dec. 29, 1862. 
Mauchund, Peter, e. Sept. 16, 1861. 
Pierris, Nichlaus, e. Sept. 22, 1861, wd. at Nickajack 

Creek, Ga. 
Smith, Herman, e. Sept. 16, 1861. 
Schmidt, Herman, e. Sept. 16, 1861, died at Jefferson 

Barracks. 
Schmiltker, Anton, e. Sept. 30, 1861, died May 6, 1862, 

accidentally poisoned. 
Sequin, David, e. Dec. 10, 1861, wd. at Shiloh and luka. 
Stopperer, John, e. Nov. 19, 1861, disd. Aug. 2, '62, disab. 
Stopperer, John, Jr., e. Oct. 3f), 1861, disd. July 1, 1862. 
Ulrich, Fritz, e. Feb. 13, 1862, disd. June 3, 1863, died on 

his way home. 
Widerholdt, John A., e. Nov. 20, 1861, vet. March 12, '64. 

COMP.iNV UNKNOWN. 

McLaughlin, P. M., e. Oct. 24, 1864. 
Schoene, Philip, e. Oct. 24, 1864. 



SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Louisville, 
July 25, 1865.] 
Col. John W. Rankin, com. Feb. 20, 1862, resd. Sept. 3, 

1862. 
Col. David Burke Hillis, com. lieut. col. March 14, 1862, 

prmtd. col. Sept. 4, 1862, resd. May 30, 1SG3. 
<!ol. Sampson M. Archer, com. capt Co. C March 25, 1862, 

wd. luka, prmtd. maj. Jan. 23, 1863, prmtd. lieut. col. 

June 3, 1863, captd. Mission Ridge, com. col. Jan. 12, 

1865, m. o. as lieut. col. 
Adjt. Soiithwick Guthrie, com. March 6, 1862, resd. July 

13, 1862. 
Adjt. Fletcher Woolsey, com. Aug. 9, 1862, resd. Oct. 

15, 1864. 



Quartermaster Edwin J. Aldrich, com. first lieut. Co. B 
Feb. 28, 1862, prmtd. adjt. April 18, 1862, resd. Jan. 
20 186:i, appointed capt. and com. sub. May 18, 1864. 

Quartermaster David N. Gorgas, com. Q. M. Jan. 21, '65. 

Drum Maj. Willis Teft, e. Feb. 28, 1862. disd. April 8, 1863, 
disab. 

Company A. 

Capt. John L. Young, com. March 21, 1802, resd. Jan. 20, 

1863. 
Sergt. Richard James, e. March 7, 1862, wd. Jackson, 

Miss., captd. Tilton, Ga. 
Boyles, Charles W., e. March 10, 1862. 
Davidson, Wm., e. March 20, 1862, vet. March 23, 1864, 

captd. Tilton, Ga. 
Tuttle, Nathaniel, e. Feb. 19, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg, vet. 

March 23, 1864, captd. Tilton, Ga. 
Wilson, Thomas, e. April 7, 1862. 

Company B. 

Capt. Littleton W. Huston, e. as 1st sergt. May 4, 1862, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. June 21, 1862, prmtd. capt. Dec. 

11, 1862, wd. Jackson, Miss, disab. at Mission Kidge, 

resd. Sept. 20, 1864. 
Fii-st Lieut. Henry D. Nuse, com. 2d lieut. March 25, '62, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. April 18, 1862, resd. Nov. 29, 1862. 
First Lieut. Alex. M. Charters, e. as private March 13, 

1862, prmtd. 1st lieut. Dec. 11, 1862, captd. Tilton, 

Ga., resd. March 12, 1865. 
Fii-st Lieut. David Lakin, e. as private Jan, 25, 1862, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. July 16, 1865, m. o. as 1st sergt. 
Second Lieut. Daniel W. Tower, e. as private Co. C March 

4, 1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. Feb. 7, 1803, wd. Champion 

Hills, captd. Tilton, Ga., m. o. May 5, "65, term ex. 
Second Lieut. John Watts, e. as private Feb. 23, 1862, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. May 5, 1865, m. o. as corp. 
Sergt. Adolphus Johnson, e. .Tan. 25, 1862, disd. Nov. 17, 

1862. 
Sergt. Francis H. Busby, e. Jan. 25, 1862, wd. and captd. 

at Jackson, Miss. 
Sergt. George D. Sprague, e. Jan. 25. 1862. 
Sergt. Alonzo Digging, e. Jan. 25, 1862, wd. .Jackson, kid. 

at Vicksburg. 
Corp. Charles G. Wilds, e Jan. 25, 1862. 
Corp. L. C. Hampton, e. Jan. 25, 1862, vet. March 19, '64. 
Corp. Samuel S. Patten, e. Jan. 25, 1862, disd. Oct. 1, 1862, 

disab. 
Corp. George W. Dundy, e. Jan. 25, 1862, disd. Feb. 

1863. 
Corp. John D. Willman, e. March 20, 1862, missing at 

Corinth. 
Corp. John M. Burns, e. Jan. 25, 1862. 
Corp. Reuben Tucker, e. Jan. 25, 1862, vet. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Aldrich A. D., e. Jan. 25, 1862, disd. Sept. 13, 1862. 
Burns, E. G., e. Jan. 25, 1862, wd. luka, vet. Feb. 1, 1864, 

captd Tilton, Ga. 
Bond, F. J., e. Jan. 25, 1862, disd. Feb. 28, 1865 
Blair, C. F., e. March 1, 1862, disd. Aug. 21, 1862, disab. 
Campbell, N. C, e. March 3, 1862, vet. March 5, 1864. 
Church, A. F. M., e. Jan. 5, 1862, missing at Corinth. 
Cook, L. W., disd. Sept. 14, 1862, disab. 
Davis, Ezra, e. March 3, 1862. 
Doty, J D., e. March 1, 1862, wd. Jackson, Miss., vet. 

March 3, 1864. 
Gardiner, Wm. H., e. March 15, 1862, disd. Nov. 30, 1862. 
Gibson, Wm. M., died at Keokuk. 
Huffman, Israel, e. Jan. 25, 1862, died June 11, 1862. 
Haughton, D. J. M., e. Jan. 25, 1862, wd. Jackson, Miss. 
Hevener, Mark, e. Jan. 25, 1862, Hd. at Vicksburg. 
Horton, James A., e. March 20, 1862. 
Jones, Francis M. 
Little, John A. 

Louderback, David, e. Jan. 25, 1862, disd. July 9, 1863. 
Link, J. M., e. Feb. 9, 1864, died Annapolis, Md. 
Moore, Elijah, e. Jan. 25, 1862, wd. Jackson, Miss., and 

Missionary Ridge. 
Murphy, Edw., e. March 1, 1862, wd. Champion Hills, 

vet. March 3, 1864. 
Reese, S. T. 

Ray, Josiah, e. Jan. 25, 1862, disd. Dec. 16, 1862. 
Simpson, Thos. J., e. Jan. 25, 1862, disd. Sept. 12, 1862, 

disab. 
Showers, E. C, e. Feb. 9, 1864, captd. Tilton, Ga. 
Talbott, Geo. L., e. Jan. 25, 1862, vet. March 19, 1864, 

captd. Tilton, Ga. 
Wolcott, Samuel, e. Jan. 25, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps 

May 1, 1864. 
Wooding, U., wd. Missionary Kidge. 
Wooding, Wm. W. 



672 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



Company C. 

Capt. Henry Newton, com. 1st lieut. March 5, 1862, 
prmtd. capt. Jan. 23, 18G3, wd. Vicksburg, died 
Keoknk. 

Capt. Luiher F. McNeal, e. as 1st sergt. Jan. 31, 1862, 
prmtd. 2d lieut. Dec. 10, 1862, prmtd. capt. June 25, 

1863, wd. Missionary Ridge, died Dec. 10, 1863. 
Capt. Thos. Mitchell, e. as private March 2.5, 1862, prmtd. 

1st lieut. June 30, 1865, com. capt. July bO, 1865, m. 

o. as 1st lieut. 
First Lieut. David G. Scroggs, e. as private March 3, 1862, 

prmtd. sergt. maj., prmtd. Ist lieut. Feb. 6, 1863, 

resd. July 22, 1863. 
First Lieut. John F. Jackson, e. as private March 26, 1862, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. July 30, 1865. 
Second Lieut. Samuel Pickard, com. March 29, 1862, resd. 

July 3, 1862. 
Second Lieut. Martin Stapleton, e. as sergt. Feb. 20, 1862, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. July 4, 1862, died Keokuk. 
Sergt. Philip Inden, e. Feb. 27, 1862, wd. Jackson, Miss., 

trans, for prmtn. TJ. S. C. T. Aug. 1, 1863. 
Sergt. Lewis R. Park er, e. Feb. 27, 1862. 
Sergt. Thomas Mitchell, e. March 25, 1862, wd. Jackson, 

Miss 
Corp. John Shellman, e. Feb. 18, 1862, disd. Oct. 13, 1862 

disab. 
Corp. Wm. H. McCumber, e. Feb. 28, 1862. 
Corp. Albert Weaver, e. March 17, 1862, wd. Champion 

Hills. 
Corp. Jesse Nokes, e. March 13, 1862, kid. Jackson, 

Miss. 
Corp. John H. Berryhill, e. March 5, 1862, vet. March 

18, 1864, captd. Tilton, Ga. 
Corp. Thomas D. Hardin, e. March 21, 1862. 
Corp. William H. McPherson, e. Feb. 10, 1862, disd. Dec. 

27. 1862. 
Corp. Julius Bates, e. Feb. 28, 1862, disd. March 12, 1863, 

disab. 
Corp. Schuyler M. Horton, e. Feb. 28, 1862. 
Corp. Squire Worrell, e. March 15, 1862, wd. Corinth. 
Corp. Frederick Leonhard, e. Feb. 22, 1862, vet. March 

12, 1864, captd. Tilton, Ga. 
Bundy, Hardin, disd. June 9. 1862, disab. 
Baker, Wansley, e. Feb. 5, 1862, died Sept. 20, 1862. 
Bissell, Lewis R., e. Feb. 25, 1862. 
Burke, David W., e. Nov. 16, 1862. 
Bailey, Alex., e. March 14, 1862, captd. Tilton, Ga. 
Coates, Rodney, e. March 5, 1862, disd. Sept. 8, 1863, 

disab. 
Douglas, John, e. March 10, 1862, disd. Sept. 3, 1862, 

disab. 
Distin, Wm. L., e. Feb. 3, 1864, captd. Tilton, Ga. 
Green, James G., e. Jan. 16, 1862, disd. Sept. 27. 1862, 

disab. 
Gesford, S. J., e. Feb. 14, 1862, died Sept. 8, 10, 1862. 
Gorgas, David N., e. Feb. 22, 1862. 
Horton. James A., e. Feb. 17, 1862. 
Hummer, .Joseph D., e. Feb. 18, 1862, died Corinth. 
Heites, John. 
Huffman, George, e. March 5, 1862, disd. Oct. 2, 1862, 

disab. 
Hayes, Samuel F., e. March 15, 1862, disd. Oct. 2, 1862, 

disab. 
Hockman, Noah, e. March 25, 1862, wd. Jackson and 

Champion Hills, captd. Tilton, Ga. 
LefiBer, Andre, e. Feb. 8, 1862, vet. March 12, 1864. captd. 

Tilton, Ga. 
Leffler, George, e. Feb. 24, 1862, disd. April 15, 1863, 

disab. 
Lorimer, Thomas, e. March 19, 1862, captd. Tilton, Ga. 
Mitchell, C. G., e. March 25, 1862. 

McMahan, Thomas, e. March 5, 1862, died May 29, 1862. 
Phillips, Charles, e. Jan. 31, 1862, disd. Sept. 23, 1862, 

disab. 
Ramsey, Silas, e. Feb. 1, 1862, captd. Tilton, Ga. 
Ramsey, H., e. March 14, 1862, captd. Tiltuu, Ga. 
Ruse, .Joseph N., e. Jan. 18, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps Jan. 

15, 1864. 
Sweezy, Wm. M., captd Tilton, Ga. 
Sears, John, e. March 8, 1862. 
Sumner, W. H. T. 
Spencer, Daniel, e. March 15, 1862, vet. March 18, 

1864, wd. 

Spencer, Frederick, e. March 16, 1862, captd. Champion 

Hills, vet. March 18, 1861, captd. Tilton, Ga. 
Slacks, Geo. W. 

Thorns, Ethan, e. March 14, 1862, died July 21, 1862. 
Vandyke, Wm.. e. Feb. 14, 1862, disd. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Wadden, Richard, e. March 5, 1862, vet. March 12, 1864. 



Watson, C. H., e. March 8, 1862, disd. March 3, 1864^, 

disab. 
White, James, e March 3, 1862. 
Woodmansee, Philip, e. March 19, 1862, died Corinth. 
Ziegenbein, Franz, e. March 29, 1862. 

Company D. 

Capt. Addison A. Stuart, com. 1st lieut. March 26, 1862, 

prmtd. capt Dec. 1, 1862, wd. at Champion Hills and 

Missionary Ridge, resd. Feb. 10, 1864. 
First Sergt. Moses S. Pettengell, e. March 28, 1862. wd. at 

Vicksburg, vet. March 30, 1864, died Newburyport. 
Corp. James Hammond, e. Feb. 24, 1862. 
Corp. Lewis D. Haigb, e. Feb. 24, 1862, disd. Jan. 3, 1863. 
Musician Alfred C. Craney, e. Feb. 24, 1862, disd. Dec. 

19, 1862. 
Musician Jacob Votaw, e. March 5, 1862. 
Atherton, Jas. J., e. Feb. 14, 1862, kid. at luka. 
Bollinger, Phillip H., e. March 18, 1862, captd. Tilton, Ga. 
Bradley, Edward P., e. March 20, 1862, disd July 29, 1864. 
Brown, H. A., e. March 7, 1862, died Milliken's Bend. 
Ing, Edward T., e. March 3, 1862, vet. March 29, 1864. 
Phelps, G. D., e. March 24, 1862, wd. at Corinth, captd. at 

Tilton, Ga. 
Trout, Sylvester, e. Feb. 24, 1862, trans, to Signal Corps 

June 9, 1864. 
Van Hyming, Wm. R., e. March 12, 1862, vet. March 26, 

1864, captd. at Tilton, Ga. 

Company H. 

First Lieut. John H. Tamman, com. 2d lieut. April 10, 
1862, prmtd. 1st lieut. April 19, 1863, resd. July 
11, 1864. 

Sergt. William Vansteenwyck, e. Feb. 1, 1862, disd. May 
12, 1863, disab. 

Musician Joliii J. Phillips, e. April 4, 1862, captd. at Til- 
ton, Ga. 

Company I. 

Capt. William Edwards, com. 1st. lieut. April 11, 1862^ 

prmtd. capt. June 27, 1862, resd. Nov. 19, 1862. 
Capt. Joseph C. Whittaker, e. as private March 2, 1862, 

prmtd. capt. July 15, 1865, m o. as 1st sergt. 
Second Lieut. Phineas Inskeep, com. April 11, 1862, resd. 

July 3, 1862. 
Second Lieut. John Inskeep, e. as sergt. Dec. 2, 1862, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. Dec. 9, 1862, kid. at Jackson, Miss. 
Second Lieut. Lewis Stephenson, e. as private March 6, 

1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. May 17, 1865, m. o. as sergt. 
Sergt. James Code, e. March 15, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg. 

captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Sergt. Silas N. Sawyer, e. March 2, 1862, wd. at Jackson. 

Miss., captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Sergt. Joseph C. Whitaker, e. March 2, 1862, vet. March 

26, 1864. 
Sergt. Houston Smith, e. March 15, 1862, wd. luka. 
Sergt. Patrick Martin, e. March 7, 1862. 
Corp. James Gallagher, e. March 5, 1862. 
Corp. Thos. F. Enslow. e. March 15, 1862, wd. Champion 

Hills, disd. Sept. 5,.1863, disab. 
Corp. Wm. C. Porter, wd. at Champion Hills and Vicks- 
burg, captd. at Tilton, Ga., vet. March 31, 1^64. 
Capt. John Kern, e. March 22, 1862, vet. March 26, 1864, 

captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Corp. Playford Gregg, e. March 15, 1862, wd. Missionary 

Ridge, captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Musician Charles H. Cannon, e. March 22, 1862, died. 

Aug. 19, 1862. 
Applegate, A. J., e. Jan. 18, 1862, disd. Dec. 16, 1862. 
Balbouck, C, e. March 21, 1862. 
Baldwin, Sylvanus, e. April 1, 1862. 
Brown, Peter, e. Feb. 18, 1862, vet. March 26, 1864, wd. at. 

Jackson, Miss., captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Baldwin, Chas. K., e. Aug. 27, 1862. 
Bugh, Nicholas, e. Feb. 28, 1862. 
Crickburn, Henry, kid. at Vicksburg. 
Forsythe, Jas., e. Feb. 9, 1864. 
Glasford, Samuel, e. Feb. 19, 1862. 
Grindlo, John, e. March 17, 1862. 
Gilhani, Jas. G., e. Nov. 18, 1862, vet. March 28, 1864. 
Harvey, M., e. March 10, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg, died art. 

Memphis. 
Lein, Jas. F., e. Jan. 22, 1862, captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Lyon, John M., e. Feb. 19, 1862, died at Memphis. 
Little, John, e. April 2, 1862. 

Lyon, Geo. W., e. Feb. 19, 1862, captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Leslie, John, e. March 12, 1862. 
Miller, C. W., e. March 6, 1862, vet. March 22, 1864. 
Morgan, N. J., e. March 10, 1862, vet. March 28, 1864, 

captd. at Tilton, Ga. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



573 



milleson, Nimrod, e. March 7, 1862, died at Memphis. 

Ramsey, B. B., e. April 11, 18G2. 

Koherts, Wm. W.. e. March 10, 1862, wd. at Missionary 
Kidge, vet. March 26, 1864, captd. Tilton, Ua. 

Stephenson, John P., e. Jan. Xt>, 1864. 

Stephenson, Benjamin, e. March 6, 1862, wd. Vicksburg, 
vet. Murch 22, 1864. 

"Thompson, John H., e. Feb. 16, 1862, wd. at Jackson, 
Miss., vet. March 31, 1864, captd. at Tilton, Ga. 

Vail, James B., e. March 21, 1862, wd. and died at Cham- 
pion Hills. 

Waggoner, David, e. March 15, 1862, dlsd. March 7, 1863. 

Company K. 

Oapt. Sylvanus E. Hick", com. 1st lieut. Co. F April 10, 
1862, prmtd. capt. April 16, 1862, wd. and captd. at 
Jackson, Miss., escaped Oct. 19, drowned while trying 
to reach Union lines, in Coosa Kiver, near Rome, Ga., 
Oct. 21, lb64. 

"First Lieut. Ohas. M. Griffith, com. April 16, 1862, resd. 
Sept. 29, 1862. 

Sergt. Thomas Beechler, e. Nov. 14, 1862, kid at Jackson, 
Miss. 

Sergt. Frank Orn, e. April 1, 1862, trans, for promotion 
to 11th La. "S'^ols. 

Sergt. Wm. T. Carpenter, e. March 23,1862, disd. disab. 

Corp. George feimmons, e. Feb. 19, 1862, wd. at Mission- 
ary RiJge. 

■Corp. David Orr, e. Feb. 24, 1862. 

Corp. David Brown, e. March 7, 1862, died May 30, 1862. 

Corp. John C. Robinson, e. April 16, 1862, trans, to gun- 
boat Jan. 25, 1863. 

Corp. J. Ackley, e. March 24, 1862. 

Buck, William G., e. Dec. 14, 1861, vet. March 26, 1864, 
captd. at Tilton, Ga. 

Baldwin, Chas. K. 

Carpenter, Chas. L. 

Cannon, John T., e. March 26, 1862, vet. Jan. 31, 1864. 

Dougherty, Geo., e. Feb. 27, 1862. 

Flemmlnc-, John, e. Feb. 25, 1862, vet. March 29, 1864. 

Haltermali, James C, e. March 28, 1862, wd. at Champion 
Hills. 

Johnson, Robt. 

Loeffler, Geo., e. April 6, 1862. 

McQuillon, Barnard, e. March 18, 1862, disd. Nov. 29, '62. 

Noel, B. 

O'Neil, John, e. March 18, 1862, disd. Oct. 12, 1862, disab. 

Sherwood, Hiram, e. March 23, 1862, disd. June 26, 1863. 
disab. 

Staub, Chas. E.. e. Jan. 26, 1862. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

-Fourwar, Daniel, e. Jan. 15, 1864. 



NINETEENTH INFANTRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., 
July 10, 1S65.] 

Col. John Bruce, com. capt. Co. A Aug. 17, 1862, prmtd. 
maj. Dec. 8, 1862, prmtd. lieut. col. March 10, 1864, 
prmtd. col. July 3, '65,bvt. col. U. S. "V.jbvt. brig. gen. 

Surg. Lewis M. Shoemaker, com. assistant surg. Aug. 27, 
1862, prmtd. surg. June 1, 1863. 

Company A. 

Capt. Thos. L. Spratt, com. 1st lieut. Aug. 17, 1862, prmtd. 

capt. Jan. 1, 1863, captd. at Atchafalaya, La. 
First Lieut. Benj. F. Mclntyre, e. as sergt. Auar. 5, 1862, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. Jan. 1, 1863, prmtd. 1st lieut. Aug. 

12, 1864. 
Second Lieut. Wm. Ballenger, e. as sergt. Aug. 9, 1862, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. Aug. 12, 1864. 
Sergt. Eugene L. Knigtit, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Sergt Jiihn L. Scraeder, e. Aug. 17, 1862, wd. and captd. 

at Atchafalaya, La., kid. at Spanish Fort. 
Corp. Hiram W. Snyder, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Corp. Bruce W. Gotten, e. Aug. 11, 1SG2, disd. Jan. 16, 

186!, disab. 
Corp. Timothy F. Phillips, e. Aug. 17, 1862. 
Corp. Edmond A. Dickey, c. Aug. 14, 1862. 
•Corp. C has. H. Judd, o. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. Sept. 28, 1864. 

disab. 
€orp. O. G. Burch, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 



Corp. John M. Boyer, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 

Corp. Daifid G Anderson, e. Aug. 8, 1862, captd. at Atch- 
afalaya, La. 

Corp. Isaac N. Clark, e. Aug. 13, 1862, captd. at Atchafa- 
laya, La. 

Corp. John T. Chambers, e. Aug. 22, 1862. 

Wagoner, Frederick Parks, e. Aug. 17, 1862, died at Fort 
Gaines, Ala. 

Anderson, Robert C, e. Aug. 13, 1862, wd. at Prairie 
Grove. 

Adell, H. G., e. Aug. 13, 1862, captd. at Atchafalaya, La. 

Adell, John T., e. Aug. 13, 1863, died at New Orleans. 

Avis, Jas. M., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Boyer, L. M., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Beucler, L. N., e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. Jan. 29, '63, disab. 

Best, John, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 

Ballard, Julien, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 

Bane, Albert, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 

Coulter, Andrew, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 

Cole, Samuel, e. Ft-b. 8, 1864. 

Coleman, Jas. M., e. Aug. 13, 1862, wd. Atchafalaya, La. 

Cooper, Jos., e. Aug. U, lS62,wd. and captd. at Atchafa- 
laya, La. 

Frederick, Jacob, e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps 
Dec. 15, 1863. 

Glassford, Wm., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Gaines, John M., e. Aug. 12, 1862, captd. Atchafali^ya, La. 

Gaines, Benj. F., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 

Glassford, Isaac M., e. Feb. 3, 1864. 

Hoffman, George, e. Aug. 13, 1862,.captd. Atchafalaya, La. 

Haisch, Jacob, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 

Harrison, Wm., e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Dec. 9, 18G2. 

Howard, John, e. Aug. 8, 1862, captd. Atchafalaya, La. 

Heaton, Elmore, e. Aug. 8, 1862. 

Jones, Harrison, e. Aug. 9, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps Jan. 
15, 1864. 

Jones, Philip, e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps March 
15, 1864. 

Jones, Isaac, e. Aug. 18, 1861. 

Lakin, David A., e. Aug. 7, 1862. 

Lemming, Daniel C , e. Aug. 12, 1862, captd. at Atchafa- 
laya, La. 

Laughery, Thomas, e. Aug. 13, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps 
Aug. 1, 1863. 

Lambert, Peter, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Link, Geo. W., e. Aug. 13, 1862. 

Marshall, T. J , Aug. 13. 1862. 

McVeigh, Wm. H., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at CarrolUon, La. 

McMannis, Patrick, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. May 16, 1865. 

McCulley, Wm. S., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 

Pearce, F, A. N., e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd. Atchafalaya, La. 

Parhan, T. F., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 

Quaiy, Alex., e. Aug. 13, 1862, captd. Atchafalaya, La. 

Robertson, D. A., e. Aug. 11, '62, captd. Atchafalaj'a, La. 

Root, Jacob, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 

Reumer, Beudie, e. Aug. 11. 1862, captd. Atchafalaya, La. 

Rellihan, Thomas, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 

Rider, Henry, e. Aug. U, 1862. 

Rider, Daniel, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Stuart, Wm., e. Aug. 13, 1862, captd. at Atchafalaya, La. 

Schmidt, Chris., e. Aug. 13, 1862, captd. Atchafalaya, La. 

Sortwell, Harmon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. Oct. 15, '63, disab. 

Simmons, John, e. Aug. 13, 1862, drowned Forsyth. 

Stevenson, John P., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 

Sheets, Andrew, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 

Sheets, Eli, e. Aug. 13, 1862, captd. Atchafalaya, La. 

Sproat, James, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Shaefer, Conrad, e. Aug. 22, 1862. 

Taylor, A. M., e. Aug. 13, 1862. 

Towner, Chas. W., e. Aug. 13. 1862,captd. Atchafalaya, La. 

Trimble, Jasper, e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. Atchafalaya, La. 

Utiey, James, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 

Utlev, Wm. T., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

Wilkins, David A., e. Aug. 13, 1862. 

Wise, David, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Dec. 9, 1862, disab. 

Wright, Clias. A., e. Aug. 11. 1862. 

White, Joseph, e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. Atchafalaya, La. 

Webb, Jesse W., e. Aug. 9,1862. 

Company E. 

Capt. William Adams, com. Aug. 21, 1802, captd. at Ster- 
ling Farm, La., died at New Orleans. 

Capt. Norvil Powell, com. Ist lieut. Co. A, Aug. 17, 1862, 
prmtd. 1st lient. Jan. 1, 1863, captd. at Atchalalaya, 
La , prmtd. capt. Aug. 11, 1864. 

First Lieut. AVilliam H. Gill, com. Aug. 21, 1802, resd. 
July 7,1863. 

First Lieut. Samuel B. Guernsey, com. 2d lieut. Aug. 21, 
1862, prmtd. 1st lieut. July 8, 1863, read. Sept. 21, 63. 



574 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



First Lieut. William Walker, e. as sergt. Aug. 14, 1862, 

prmtd. 2cl lieut. July 8, 1863, piiBtd. Ist lieut. Sept. 

22. 1SG3, resd. Aug. 1, 1864. 
Firat Lieut. John 0. Bounell, e. as private Aug. 12, 1862, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. Aug. 2. 1864. 
Sergt. Charles E. Gibbs, e. Aug. 11, 1862, wd. at Prairie 

Grove, died of wds. 
Sergt. Geo. W. Hardwick, e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. and captd. 

at Atcbafalaya, La. 
Sergt. John S. Kirk, e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, for promo- 
tion colored troops Sept 21, 1863. 
Sergi. Thomas Wilde, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Sergt. E. B. Hitchcock, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Corp. James E. Henderson, e. Aug. 11, 1862, wd. Prairie 

Grove. 
Corp. James M. Layton, e. Aug. 11, 1862, wd. at Prairie 

Grove, disd. Feh. 7, 1863. 
Corp. CuUen H. Angel, e. Aug. 11,1862, "disd. March 25, 

1863,disab 
Corp. Charles A. Vice, e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. at Atcba- 
falaya, La. 
Corp. Elisha Rickets, e. Aug. 12, 1862, died Port Hudson. 
Corp. James W. McClure, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Oct. 6, 

1864, disab. 
Corp. Lewis Walters, e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. at Atcbafa- 
laya, La. 
Corp. William D. Houghland, e. Aug. 14, 1862. disd. Feb. 

12, 1863, disab. 
Corp. John Cochran, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at Brownsville, 

Texas. 
Corp. Henry Rhode, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Musician Blarshall Whinnery, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Musician S. L. Scott, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. April 4, 1864, 

disab. 
Wagoner Wm. Gi-een, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Wagoner John McCannon, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Arnold, Wm. H., e. Aug. 11, 1864. 
Bressler, Sam'l, e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Brockway, N., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Bressler, John, e. Jan. 5, 1864. 

Bricker, S. B., e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. April 28, 1863, disab. 
Campbell, Sam'l W., e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. at Prairie 

Grove, died at Fayetteville, Ark. 
Crossley, J. R., e. Aug. 14, '62, captd. at Atchafalaj'a, La. 
Chambers, T. C, e. Aug. 11, iS62, wd. Atchafalaya, La. 
Cline, 0. G. B., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Dewey, A. C, e. Aug. 14, 1862 

Dye, Sylvester, e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. Atchafalaya, La. 
Deighton, James, e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. Atchafalaya, La. 
Dewey, Geo. H., e. Aug. 1-5, 1862, wd. at Prairie Grove. 
Eckhart, Adam, e. Aug. 11, 1862. disd. March 12, 1863, 

disab. 
Everett, Edwin, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died Dec. 8, 1862. 
Ferrell, Jos. A., e. Dec. 31, 1863. 
Farley, F. E., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Furguson, H. J., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Fitter, Jacob, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Green, Thos. F., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

Gray, Wm. T., e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. Atchafalaya, La. 
Hohn, Chas. E., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Hampton, E. W., e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. at Atchafalaya 

La., died at Mobile, Ala. 
Hampton, A. H., e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. at Atchafalaya, 

La. 
Houghland, Jas., e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. at Atchafalaya, 

La. 
Hall, M. C. e. Aug. 12, 1862. 

Hiiskins, C. C, e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at Forsyth, Mo. 
James, Elias, e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Johnson, Wm. C, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Kission, Benj., e. Dec. 22, 1863. 
Kent, Wm. C, e. Aug. 11, 1862, wd. Prairie Grove, disd . 

March 14, 1863. 
Kission, Wm.,R.,e. Doc. 22,1863. 
Knight, Jesse B., e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. at Atchafalaya, 

La. 
Liddle, Chas. E., e. Dec. 22, 1863, died at New Orleans. 
Linn, E., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Liddle, Geo. A., e. Dec. 22, 1863. 
McOlgan, Thomas, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Matloctt, , e. Dec. 22, 1863. 

Mallett, John H., e. Aug. 11, 1862, wd. at Atchafalaya, 

La., died at Fayetteville, Ark. 
Montgomery, James, e. Jan. 4, 1S64, kid. Spanish Ft. 
McCabe, W. H. H., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Morgan, Henry, e. Doc. 31, 1864. 
Marsell, Jobn J., e. Aug. 4, 1862, captd. at Atchafalaya, 

La., died at Shreveport, La. 
Morgan, A., e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. at Atchafalaya, La. 
Murray, Jas. S., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 



Matlock, T. J., e. Aug. 12, 1862. wd. at Prairie Gro»e^ 

captd. at Atchafalaya, La. 
Miller, G., e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. Atchafalaya, La. 
Martin, Geo., e. Aug. 12, 1862, wd. at Corinth, disd. Feb. 

25, 1863. 
Mooney, Edward, e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. at Prairie Grove 

and died Dec. 8, 1862. 
Munsey, Sam'l, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Mallett, E., e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. at Prairie Grove, disd. 

March 14, 1863. 
Mallett, N., e. Aug. 15, 1862, captd. Atchafalaya, La. 
McKaig, J. K., e.^Aug. 22, 1862, wd. at Prairie Grove, 

. disd. May 15, 1863. 
Nave, Chas., e. Aug. U, 1862, disd. Feb. 5, 1863, disab. 
Newby, Mather, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Pennington, Howard, e. Aug. 21, 1862. 
Pittman, D., e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. at Prairie Grove. 
Paulk, C. C, e. April 15, 1864. 
Potter, John P. e. Aug, 14, 1862. 
Paulk, Chas. C, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Peasley, John A., e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. May 14, 1863„ 

disab. 
Roberson, M. L., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died, Dec. 15, 1862. 
Rodgers, Samuel H., e. Aug. 14, 1862, kid. at Prairie 

Grove, Ark. 
Sherwood, Frank, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Southard. J. W., e. Dec. 31, 1863. 

Street, Joseph A., e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Feb. 2, 1864, disab. 
Smally, Wm. J., e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Feb. 13, '63, disab. 
Smith, Edwin, e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. at Prairie Grove. 
Stern, Edw., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Snell, F. D., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Smalley, A. S., e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. at Atchafalaya, La. 
Semple, F. H., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

Starke, John, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at Springfield, Mo. 
Smallj', C. M., e. Aug. 11, 1S62, disd. Feb. 24, 1863, disab. 
Sarr, Henry, e. Aug. 22, 1862. 

Semple, Wm. H., e. Aug. 22, 1862, died at St. Louis. 
Thrush, William, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Thompson. Wm. A., e. Dec. 16, 1863. 
Tracy, B. L., e. Aug. 14. 1862. 

Thompson, Milton, e. Dec. 17, 1863, died at New Orleans. 
Taylor, F., e. Aug, 14," 1862, wd. at Prairie Grove, captd. 

at Atchafalaya. 
Thompson, A., e. Aug. 22, 1862, kid. at Prairie Grove. 
Vass, <Jhas., e.Aug 11,1862. 
Willken, Wm., e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. at Prairie Grove, disd. 

May 31, 1865. 
Walch, P., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 

Wallace, John, e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. at Atchafalaya, La. 
Walker, Wm. H., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Yager, John, e. .4ug. 24, 1862, captd. at Atchafalaya, La. 

CompanyG. 

First Lieut. Oscar G. Burch, prmtd. 1st lieut. April 12, '65, 

m. o. as sergt. maj. 
Alley, Wm. T. e. Aug. 21, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corp. July- 

1,1864. 
Allen. Wm., e. Aug. 21, 1862. 

Gillmore, Geo., e. Aug. 21, 1862, died at Springfield, Mo. 
Pcnington, Edw., e. Aug. 21, 1862. 

Company I. 

Kelley, John, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 

Company K. 

Lee, B. E., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Andrews, Byron E., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Guy, John, e. Aug. 29, 1864. 
Hoffman, Jas. H., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Ilewett, Jos. M., e. Oct. 24, 1864. 
King. David A , e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Kinion, Benj., e. Dec. 22, 1863. 
Montgomery, Henrv, e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Riley, A.J, e. Jan."5, 1864. 
Reeves, John W., e. Jan. 4,1864. 
Sack man, Chas. W., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Southard, Jasper N., e. Dec. 31, 1863. 
Stephenson, S. M., e. Jan. 11, 1864. 
Spain, Wm., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Thompson, Milton, e. Dec. 17, 1863. 
Thompson, Wm. A., e. Dec. 16, 1862. 
Yeardley, Albertus, e. Dec. 24, 1863. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



575 



TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. 

[Note, — This regiment was mustered out at Washington 
June 6, 1865.] 

Company C. 

Second LieuJ.. Josephus W. Brush, com. Sept. 27,1862, resd* 

June 14, 186:i. 
Second Lieut. Francis M. Dougherty, e. as 1st sergt. Aug. 

9, 1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. Jan. 15, 1863, resd. June 

23, 1864. 
Sergt. Louis Wickersham, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disd. Dec. 7, 

1863. 
Corp. Fred ^Y, Millard, e. Aug. 4, 1862, died on steamer 

Nashville. 
Corp. George Benn, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. May 21, 1863, 

disab. 
Corp. Nelson N. Headding, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Dec. 9, 

1862. 
Corp. E. V. Cox, e, Aug. 15, 1862. 
Musician John B. Welpton, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Wagoner Andrew H. Dyer, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at St. 

Louis. 
Allen, Franklin, e. Aug. 6, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. July 

1, 1864. 
Anthony, Robt., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Anthony, Geo. W , e. Ang. 6, 1H62. 
Bundy, Samuel T., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Bowman, John, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. Sept. 27, '62, disab. 
Baragery, Dennis, e. Aug. 10, 1862. 
Cooper, Geo. W., e. Aug. 6, 1862. 
Clark, A., Jr., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Dorman, LeRoy, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Henkle, I. W., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Hayward, Geo. F., e. Aug. 12, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps 

Dec. 15, 1863. 
Hinson, John. e. Aug. 9, 1862, missing Vicksburg. 
Headding, John W., e. Aug. 9, 1862, died on steamer 

Nashville. 
Longcor, Wm. H., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Little, Isaac, e. Aug. 15. 1862, disd. March 7, 1863. 
Mattox, Wm., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Myer, K., e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. April 4, 1863, disab. 
Poulson, H. S., e. Aug. 7, 1862, disd. March 9, '63, disab. 
Eitchie, John L., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Sweet, Hiram, e. Aug. 13, 18G2. ^ 

Short, Wm. W., e. Aug. 10,1862. 
Taylor, Geo. W., e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. March 28, 1863, 

disab. 
Wood, Nathan, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
West, James W., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Weeaks, E., e. Aug. 7, 1862, died Jefferson Barracks. 
Westfall, R. R., e. Aug. 11, 1862, died Woodville, Ala. 
Wood, Daniel, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Feb. 19, '63, disab. 

Company D. 

Babb, Benj., e. Aug. 13, 1862, wd. at Ringgold, Ga., died 

Chattanooga. 
Cranmer, John, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Cranmer, Luther, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Egglesten, N. B., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Howe, W. p., e. Nov. 4, 1864. 



THIRTIETH INFANTRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was nmslered out at Washington, 
D. C, June 5, 1865.] 

Col. Wm. M. G. Torrence, com. lieut. col. Sept. 3, 1862, 
prmtd. col. May 29, 1863, kid. at battle Cherokee Sta- 
tion, Ala. 

Surg. John W. Bond, com. Sept. 9, 1802, resd.. March 20, 
1863. 

Adjt. James H. Clendening, e. as 1st sergt. Aug. 15, 1862, 
prmtd. sergt. mnj., prmtd. adjt. Juno 11, 1863, wd. at 
Cherokee, Ala., disd. Maich 3, 1864, for promotion to 
lieut. col. 68th U. S. V., A. D. 

Company A. 

Capt. Eufus Goodenough, com. Sept. 23, 1862, resd. April 

9, 1863. 
Capt. Henderson C. Hall, e. as sergt. Aug. 13, 1862, wd. at 

Vicksburg, prmtd. capt. Jan. 2, 1863, wd. at Cherokee 

Station, disd. July 21, 1804. 



Capt. Thomas Berry, e. as corp. Aug. 15, 1862, prmtd. 1st 
lieut. Jan. 6, 1864, prmtd. capt. July 21, 1864, wd. at 

First Lieut Wm. M. Stimson, com. Sept. 23, 1862. 

First Lieut. Chas. F. Kifley, e. as corp. Aug. 13, 1862, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. July 22, 1864. 
Second Lieut. Henry Montgomery, com. Sept. 23, 1862, 

resd. May 27, 1803. 
Second Lieut. Ezra G. Clark, e. as sergt. Aug. 5, 1862, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. Jan. 2, 1863, resd. March 8, 1864. 
Sergt. Lewis I. Adams, e. Aug. 11, 1862, wd. at Cherokee, 

Ala., died at Memphis. 
Sergt. Thos. Powell, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. Jan. 4, 1864, 

disab. 
Corp. Albert Gillespie, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Corp. Chas. W. Armor, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Coip. Samuel L. Boyd, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. April 3, 

1863, disab. 
Corp. John G. Wood, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died Oct. 22, '62. 
Corp. Wilson Horn, e. Aug. 18, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corp. 

Sept. 3, 1863. 
Corp. Sylvester Mayhew, Aug. 16, 1862. 
Corp. Harry Lang, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Corp. Patrick McDonnell, e. Aug. 11, 1862, kid. Benton- 

ville, N. C. 
Musician Samuel H. Moore, e. Aug. 13, 1862, wd. at Ring- 
gold, Ga., disd. Jan. 1, 1865. 
Musician Jos. Bowdwyn, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Wagoner Jas. Snedaker, e. Aug. 18, 1862, died at Young's 

Point, La. 
Wagoner Ale.\:. Nichols, o. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Aug. 

5, 1865. 
Andrews, Wm. C, e. Aug. 18, 1862, wd. Chickasaw Bayou,. 

Miss., disd. May 3u, 1863. 
Aden, James, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Keokuk. 
Adams. Thos., e. Aug. 18, 1862. 
Astle, Edwin, e. Aug. 18, 1862. 
Baker, A. G., e. Aug. 19, 1862. 
Ball, Isaac H., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Ballon, J. N., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Bishop, Solomon, e., Aug. 11, 1862, capt. at Black 

River, Miss. 
Bisbnp, Asa, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at Vicksburg. 
Brown, Wm. S., e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. for disability. 
Cooper, Wilson, e. March 24, 1864, wd., place unknown. 
Cooper, Ephraim, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Cooper, Thomas, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Carter, H. M., e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg. 
Church, John, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at Van Bureu^ 

Hospital. 
Collins, H., e. Aug. 16, 1862. 
Crague, Charles, e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg, died 

at Memphis. 
Conn, Thomas, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Collins, James, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Dodson, Jas. P., e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. at Arkansas Post. 
Douahoe, Jas. R., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Ezell, Samuel, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Vicksburg. 
Ferroll, Harvey, e. Aug. 15, 1862. -,„ -lacQ 

Gilbridge, .lohn, e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. Aug. 10, 1863. 
Gifford 1 B., e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. May 13, 1863, disab. 
Griffin, James, e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Dec. 17, 1864, disab. 
Grimes, Wm. W., e. Aug. 15, 1862, captd. at Black 

River, Miss. '^^ ^ .„ 

Hawk, Lewis A., e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Nashville. 
Hoss, Abraham, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Harmon, Geo. D., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Horton, Benjamin, e. Aug. 13,1862. „. . , 

Henagle, Andrew, e Aug. 11, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg, 

died at Memi)his. 
Hewitt, Lewis, e. Aug. 13, 1862. „,^ , . , 
Hook A., e. Aug. 13, 1862, captd. at Cherokee, Ala. 
Junkius, James, e. Aug. 9, 1802, wd. Arkansas Post, died 

Jan. 12, 1863. , „,. , ^ 

Kelldew, James, e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd.'Vicksburg ■ 

Knauf Philip e. Aug. 9,1802, kid. at Kenesaw Mountain. 
Kirkpatrick, I C, e. Aug. 11, 1862, kid. at Vicksburg. 
Luxen, Peter, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 

Lipper, Chas., e. Aug. 13, U62, wd. Ringgold Ga. ; 

Long, J., e. Aug. 16. 1802, trans, to Inv. Corps Sept. 3, 

18G3 
Miller, Harrison, e. Aug. 15, 1862, vrd at Vicksbiirg. 
Mulligan, W., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at Walnut Hills, Miss. 
Murphee, M., e. Aug. 11, 1862, wd. at Vicksburg. 
Murphee, Wm., e. Aug. 18, 1862. 
Myers, John B., e. Aug. 16, 1862. 
Nelson, John, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Penrod, R., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at Vicksburg. 
Reed, 0. H. P., e. Aug. 9, 1662, wd. at Vicksburg, died at 

Black iaiver, Miss. 



576 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



Slobinson, Wm. M., Aug. 15, 1862. 

Kempe, Jacob, e. Aug. J5, 1862. 

Reid, K. C, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 

Bay, John, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 

Eyan, Thos., e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at East Pt, Ga, 

Sheldou, Wm., e, Aug. 11, 1862. 

Shelley, Wendall, e. Aug. 13, 1362. 

Stoddard, E. D., e. Aug. 1.5, 1862, disd. March 3, 1863. 

Soddergreen, — , e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Scranton, T. M., e. Aug. 14, 1862. , 

Spain, John J., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 

Spain, U., e. Aug. 13, 1862. 

Smith, Chas.. e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Aug. 5, 1863. 

Slinglund, John, e. Aug. 16, 1862, captd. Oct. 31 , 1863. 

Taylor, John A., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 

Shumate, N., e. Aug. 15, 1862, captd. (lave Spring, Ga. 

Trotter, David, e. Aug. 11, 1862, wd. Cherokee Station. 

Vogt, Jacob, e. Aug. 15, 1862, kid. Lovejoy's Station. 

Vanosdol, Richard, e. Aug. 15,1862, died Milliken's Bend. 

Wisler, Jacob, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at Vicksburg. 

Wolcott, George, e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. Vicksburg. 

Wild, Henry, e. Aus. 15, 1862. 

Weese, John 0., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 

Wright, Thos., e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Keokuk. 

West, William, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 

Winn, Thos.. e. Aug. 15, 1862. 

Company D. 

Oapt. Chas. J. Maglnnis, com. Sept. 23, 1862, resd. Feb. 3, 

1863. 
■Capt. Wm. Dixon, e. as sergt. Aug. 6, 1862,prmtd. 2d lieut. 

May 1, 1863, prmtd. capt. Oct. 22, 1863, wd. at Kene- 

saw Mountain, disd. Oct. 17, 1864. 
Sergt. D. J. Hossleton e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
•Corp. C. W. Hamilton, e. Aug. 12, 1S62. 
Wagoner Edward Denmire, e. Aug. 15, 1862, captd. Cave 

Spring, Ga. 
Bower, George, o. Aug. 5, 1862. 
Barry, Chas., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
•Ghanfiler,W. H., e. Aug 15, 1862, died on steamer Stephen 

Decatur. 
</'ane, James, e. Aug. 19, 1862. 
■Carnahan, John, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Colvin, Clark, e. Aug. 7, 1862. 

Dimond, Jas. H., e. Jan. 1, 1863, kid. battle of Vicksburg. 
Kenutzen, Nels, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
McMarlin, Andrew, e. Aug. 17, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps 

Nov. 4, 1863. 
Nash, John D., e. Aug. 19, 1862, died at Jefferson Bar- 
racks. 
Stockwell, Simeon, e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at Keokuk. 
Shields, Edw., e. Aug. 0, 1862. 
■Shepard, Alfred, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at Memphis. 

Company F. 

First Lieut. James P. Newell, com. Sept. 23, 1862, reed 
March 29, 1863. 

Company I. 

Capt. Uley Bnrk, com. Sept. 23, 1862, wd. Arkansas Post 

resd. Sept. 15, 1863. 
Capt. Wm. L. Alexander, com. 1st lieut. Sept. 23, 1862, 

wd. Arkansiis Post, prmtd. capt. Sept. 16, 1863, m. o. 

Aug. 16, 1865. 
First Lieut. Edwin M. Dean, com. 2d lieut. Sept. 23, 1862 

prmtd. 1st lieut. Sept. 16, 1863, resd. Sept. 17, 1864. 
First Lieut. Lewis B. Keeler, e. as private A\ig. 18, 1862, 

wd. Resaca. prmtd. 1st lieut. Sept. 18, 1864. 
First Sergt. Prescott E. Ballard, e. Aug. 2U, 18G2, died 

Helena, Ark. 
Sergt. John McKibben, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Sergt. Jonas A. Eaton, e. Aug. 18, 1862, wd. Vicksburg, 

disd. Oct. 29, 18153. 
Sergt. Chas. Wolf, e. Aug. 8, 1862, kid. Vicksburg. 
Sergt. Levi Steel, o. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. June 21, 1863, 

disab. 
•Corp. James Harvey, e. Aug. 10, 1862, died at Chatta- 
nooga. 
€orp. Jesse McCarmon, e. Aug. 12, 1862, died Memphis. 
Corp. Jacob Ash, e. Aug. 13, 1862, wd. at Arkansas Post, 

disd. April 2, 1863. 
Corp. Jas. Stevens, e. Aug. 20, 1862, wd. Atlanta, disd. 

Mirch 25. 1865. 
Corp. John W. Jolly, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Point 

Rock, Ala. 
Oorp. Geo. C. Shedd, e. Aug. 18, 1862, kid. Vicksburg 



Corp. Samuel Barnes, e. Aug. 8, 1862. 

Corp. Henry Deedrick, e. Aug. 8, 1862, wd. at Cherokee. 

Ala. 
Corp. Daniel Jones, e. Aug. 10, 1862. 
Musician Reuben Sperry, e. Aug. 22, 1862, wd. Vicks- 
burg. 
Musician F. M. Crawford, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Feb. 27, 

1863, disab. 
Musician Watson Trowbridge, e. Aug. 18, 1862, trans, to 

Inv. Corps Dec. 1, 1863. 
Wagoner Fenton Bocraft, e. Aug. 22, 1862, wd. Resaca. 
Andrews, E. M., e. Aug. 17, 1862, disd. Nov. 30, 1863. 
Ault, George, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Jefferson Birracks. 
Allison, Jas. H., e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Branner, A. J., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Buchanan, William, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Nov. 4, 1864, 

disab. 
Bonser, Jos., e. Aug. 18, 1862, died St. Louis. 
Byram, Geo., e. Aug. 20, 1862. 

Cooper, George, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died Milliken's Bend. 
Cross, Wm. A., e. Aug. 18, 1862, wd. Arkansas Post, died 

on steamer D. A. January. 
Cunningham, M., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at Milliken's 

Bend. 
Dewire, Timothy, e. Aug. 20, 1862. 
Edwards, James M., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Fye, Jacob, e. Aug. 17, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps April 

10, 1864. 

Foreman, Thomas, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. June 10, 1863, 

disab. 
Farley, Jos., e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. Aug. 17, 1863, disab. 
Green, Benj., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Gay, Andrew M., e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Memphis. 
Gay, Samuel, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at St. Louis. 
Gregg, Wm. C, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Herbert, Henry, e. Aug. 16, 1862. 

Hoffman, David, e. Aug. 16, 1862, died at Young's Pt., La 
Hoilman, James, e. Aug. 16, 1862. 
Hosier, Levi, e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Harress, Lemuel, e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Helniick, Philip, e. Aug. 22, 1862. 

Hoss, Henry A., e. Aug. 8, 1862, died Young's Point, La. 
Jones, Sylvester, e. Aug. 12, 1862, wd. Dec. 31, 1864, disd. 

June 21, 1865. 
Johnson, John, e. Aug. 18, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps Sept. 

11, 1863. 

Klinefelter,; John, e. Aug. 18, 1862, died Memphis. 

Lawrence, Jos., e. Aug. 10, 1862. 

McCaffey, Geo., e. Aug 20, 1862. 

McNeil, Alvin, e, Aug. 21, 1862, wd. at Arkansas Post. 

Morgan, Thos., e. Aug. 18, 1862. 

Mullen, James, e. Aug. 15, 1862, kid. battle Arkanaaa 

Post. 
McCord, Wm. S., e. Aug. 18, 1862. 
Marsh, Samuel M., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Morrison, John, e, Aug. 21, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps 

April 10, 1864. 
McCannon, Wm., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died Corinth. 
Murray, Wm. D., e. Aug. 15 1862. 
McCoy, L. J., e, Aug. 22, 1802. 
Murphy, Samuel, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died on steamer City 

of Memphis. 
Peckham, Wm., e. Aug. 10, 1862, died Nashville. 
Porterfield, Chas. T., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Pruden, L., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Pomroy, George W., e. Aug. 22, 1862, died at Young's 

Point, La. 
Rickshear, Jos., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Roberts, D., e. Aug. 20, 1802. 
Ruark, Jas., e. Aug. 20, 1862. 
Sharp, Frank, e. Aug. 18, 1862. 
Sellers, J. A., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Sharp, Abram, e. Aug. 8, 1862, died St. Louis. 
Snyder, Frank, e. Aug. 22, 1862, ti-ans. to Inv. Corps 

March 13, 1864. 
Shears, Jacob, e. Aug. 10, 1862, died Dec. 16, 1862. 
Southard, t-amuel W., e. Aug. 2 J, 1862, wd. and died at 

Resaca. 
Storms, Geo., e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. Dec. 5, 1862. 
Starkey, Hamlin, e. Aug. 10, 1862. 
Sholtz, H., e. Aug, 19, 1862. 
Sellers, George, o. Aug. 22, 1862, died Keokuk. 
Snook, George \V., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
St^rr, Frank, e. Aug. 20, 1862, wd. Atlanta. 
Storms, Daniel, e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Thompson, DTM., e. Oct. 21, 1862. 
Wilder, Alfred, e. Aug. 20, 1862, died Nashville. 
Wright, T. J., e. Ausr. 2 \ 1862, died Young'* Pt., La. 
War-on, M. Y., e. Aug. 20, 1862. 
Whitcomb, I. E, e. Aug. 8,1862. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



577 



COMPANY UNKNOWN. 



Brumley, Jos., e. Oct. 9, 1862. 
Drake, R. E., e. Oct 9, 1862. 
Ober, 0. F., e. Oct. 9, 1862. 
Tanbaskirk, R. F., e. Oct. 25, 1862. 



THIRTY SEVENTH INFANTRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Davenport, date 
not given in Adjutant GeneraVs reports.] 

Company C. 

Oapt. Joel A. Hall, com. 1st lieut. Dec. 15, 1863, prmtd. 

capt. Jan. 3, 1863. 
Second Lieut. Reid L. Barnum, com. Dec. 15, 1863, dlsd. 

Oct. 10, 1864. 
First Sergt. Hiram M. Roberts, Sept. 15, 1862. 
Sergt. Geo. Krampeter, e. Sept. 14, 1862, disd. March 18, 

1865, disab. 
Sergt. John Alexander, e. Sept. 23, 1862. 
Sergt. Benj. Walden. e. Oct. 8, 1862. 
Corp. David Seamands, e. Sept. 23, 1862. 
Corp. Lewis G. Kennedy, e. Sept. 13, 1862. 
Corp. D. B. Johnson, e. Oct. 9, 1862. 
•Corp. David Garrett, e. Oct. 3, 1862. 
Corp. T. C. Ware, e. Oct. 8, 1862. 
Corp. Edw. Sleigh, e. Oct. 8, 1862. 
Corp. J. Oliver, e. Oct. 8, 1862, disd. Sept. 26, 1864. 
Corp. John Sherrick, e. Oct. 21, 1862, disd. April 28, 1863, 

disab 
Musician John Sivel, e. Sept. 30, 1862, died Memphis. 
Musician Mathew Stein, e. Oct. 14, 1862. 
Wagoner D. M. Bishop, e. Oct. 3, 1862, disd. June 26, 1864, 

disab. 
Wagoner David Jennings, e. Sept. 13, '62, died Memphis. 
Blair, James T., e. Sept. 8, 1862, disd. April 10, '63, disab' 
Briley. John, e. Oct. 1, 1862. 
•Carr, G. H., e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
€hapman, J., e. Oct. 1, 1862. 
Cooper, Lemuel, e. Sept. 15, 1862, disd. May 28, 1863, . 

disab. 
Cosgrove, W. M., e. Oct. U, 1862, died at Memphis. 
Costello, M., 6. Sept. 27, 1862, 
Curtayne, M., e. Sept. 24, 1862. 
Dawson, W., e. Oct. 21, 1862. 
Farrell, Samuel, e. Sept. 17, 1862. 
Goddeard, J. N., e. Oct. 21, 1862. 

•Gully, W. T., e. Sept. 24, 1862, disd. March 6, 1863, disab. 
Harmon, John, e. Sept. 15, 1862, disd May 6, 1863, disab. 
Hargin, John, e. Oct. 1, 1862. 
Harris, Wm., e. Oct. 8, 1862, died St. Louis. 
Howard, Wm., e. Sept. 13, 1862. 
Hughes, A. J., e. Sept. 2a, 1862. 
Hubbard, Silas, e. Oct. 8, 1862, died Big Mound. 
Householder, George, e. Nov. 11, 1862. 
Knoles, R., e. Oct. 23, 1862, disd. Dec. 16, 1864, disab. 
Koons, Charles, e. Oct. 14, 1862. 

Lewis, William, e. Sept. 29, 1862, disd. Jan. 26, '65, disab. 
McGreer, Alex., e. Oct. 10, 1862, disd. May 27, '63, disab. 
McCready, Wm. L., e. Oct. 18, 1862, disd. March 6, 1863, 

disab. 
Mann, H. V., e. Sept. 24, 1862, died Alton, 111. 
Mackie, John H., e. Sept. 23, 1862. 
Newsome, Wm., e. Sept. 29, 1862, drowned Memphis. 
Nottage, John, e. Sept. 16, 1862. 
Paulk, N., e. Sept. 25, 1862. 
Peterson, John, e. Sept. 9, 1862. 
Petrie, John 0., e. Sept. 9, 1862. 

Porter, Wm., e. Sept. 7, 1862, died at Rock Island, 111. 
Richards, Jacob, e. Sept. 5, 1862, disd. May 28, 1863, disab. 
Statts, M. C, e Sept. 27, 1863, trans, to Co. B. 
Sanders, Wm., e. Nov. 11, 1802. 
Scherll, John, e. Sept. 21, 1862, died Alton, 111. 
Scott, Thos. H., e. Oct. 4, 1862, died Alton, 111. 
Shepherd, Wm., e. Sept. 28, 1862. 
Scott, T. J., e. Sept. 28, 1862, di.sd. July 17, 1864, disab. 
Sherman, John, e. Sept. 15, 1862. 
Smith, Davis, e. Sept. 13, 1862. 
Sutherland, Wm. H., e. Sept. 17, 1862. 
Starke, John, e. Sept. 19, 1862. 
Stephenson, John, e. Sept. 15, 1862. 
Taylor, Jos. W., e. Sept. 15, 1862. 

Watts, John, e. Sept. 20, 1862, disd. March 17, 1865, diaab, 
White, Nelson, e. Nov. 1, 1862. 
•Wingett. A., e. Sept. 30, 1862. 



Woodmansee, D. B , e. Oct. 3, 1862, disd. March IT, 1865, 

disab. 
Wright, David, e. Oct. 21, 1862. 

Company G. 

Sex-gt. Kinsman D. Cranmer, e. Oct. 6, 1 862, died at Al- 
ton. 111. 
Deeds, John, e. Oct. 17, 1862, died at Alton, 111. 

\ 

Company H. 

Farrel, Samuel, e. Sept. 17, 1862, disd. April 29, '63, disab . 
Fahey, Henry, e. Oct. 4, 1862. 
Hargin, John, e. Oct. 1, 1862. 

Company I. 

Corp. ThoB. Moore, e. Sept. 13, '62, disd. Dec. 6, '64, disab. 
Appel, John, e. Oct. 6, 1862, disd. Jan. 14, 1864, disab. 
Alexander, Jaa. H., e. Dec. 9, 1862, died at St. Louis. 
Byram, Adam, e. Sept. 15, 1862. 
Rumbaugh, David, e. Sept. 23, '62, disd. Dec. 6, '64, disab. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Lyon, John W., e. Oct. 21, 1862. 
Scherff, John W., e. Sept. 21, 1862. 



FORTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. 

(100 Days.) 
[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Keokuk Sep t 

16, iseu.} 

Surg. Wm. W. Estabrook, com. May 25, 1864. 
Adjt. A. W. Sheldon, com. May 25, 1864, capt. and com . 
subs. U. S. V. Sept. 13, 1864. 

Company C. 

Capt. Campbell K. Peck, com. May 25, 1864. 

First Lieut. David B. Hamill, com. May 25, 1864. 

Second Lieut. John L. Day, com. May 25, 1864. 

First Sergt. Edmund H. Jones, e. May 11, 1864. 

Sergt. Wm. H. Barrell, e. May 12, 1864. 

Sergt. John N. Irwin, e. May 11, 1864. 

Sergt. Jas. Vincent, e. May 12, 1864. 

Sergt. W. C. Cooke, e, May 11, 1864. 

Corp. Geo. M. Hoffa, e. May 12, 1864. 

Corp. Geo. P. Durkee, e. May 11, 1864. 

Corp. Andrew LeFere. e.May 11, 1864. 

Corp. E. M. IngersoU, e May 11, 1864. 

Corp. Antoine Lefaivre, e. May 12, 1864. 

Corp. Wm. Collier, e. May 11, 1864. 

Corp. C. C. Thompson, e. May 11, 1864. 

Corp John C. Jefl'ries, e. May 12, 1864. 

Musician John C. Fry, e. May 13, 1864. 

Musician Geo. W. Peters, e. May 13, 1864. 

Wagoner S. B. Gofford, e. May 10, 1864. 

Anderson, Jas. H., e. May 13, 1864. 

Bronson, E. E., e. May 11, 1864. 

Buck, A., e. May 9, 1864. 

Bassett, C. S., e. May 11, 1864. 

Buryan, Joseph, e. May 11, 1864. 

Buck, A. G., e. May 11, 1804. 

Brady, John, e. May 12, 1864. 

Bozarth, David, e. May 16, 1864. 

Bong, N. B., c May 11, 1864. 

Bridges, B., e. May 14, 1864. 

Brady, Wm., e. May 14, 1864. 

Creel, E. G., e. May 12, 1864. 

Caisser, F., e. May 11, 1864. 

Crane, S. C, e. May 13, 1864. 

Corwine, Geo. H., e. May 13, 1864. 

Carter, E. S., e. May lo, 1804. 

Cooney, Jas. T., e. May 1 9, 1864. . 

Diggs. E. A., e. May 9, 1864. 

Diver,' Jas. B., e. May 10, 1864. 

Devon, John S., e. May 10, 1864. 

Fairchild, Geo. H., e. May 11, 1864. 

Foster, Chas. F., e. May 11, 1804. 

Finerty, P. H., e. May 11. 1864. 

Fletcher, Wm., e. May 11, 1864. 

Fry, Jas. I., e. May 12, 1864. 

Griffin, James, e. May 11, 1864. 

Griffith, John W., e. May 11, 1864. 

Gleason, John P., e. May 12, 1864. 

Hamel, John H., e. May 25, 1864. 

Higham, Chas. S., e. May 10, 1864. 

Q 



578 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



Hart, Geo. N., e. May 12, 1864. 
Headley, Lewis, e. May 12, 1864. 
Hedden, Lewis, e. May 9, 1864. 
Hoeter, Wm., e. May 12, 1864. 
Howell, Samuel L., e. May 11, 1864. 
Jones, Jacob, e. May 12, 1864. 
Jones, A., e. May 7, 1864. 
Jacob, Jerry, e. May 12, 1864. 
Johnston, Geo. C, e. May 1 2, 1864. . 
Kelcher, M., e. May 11, 1864. 
Kellmer August, e. May 11, 1864, 
Knaggs, Geo., e. May 10, 1864. 
Lind, Swan, e. May 12, 1864. 
Lemuster, Peter, e. May 10, 1864. 
Leonard, Geo. B., e. May 11, 1864. 
Lyman, Isaac F., e. May 11, 1864. 
Luke, Elijah, e. May 11, 1864. 
Lane, S. N., e. May 16, 1864. 
Lee, Chas. H., e. May 21, 1864, 
Mossick, Oscar, e. May 11, 1864. 
Millis, Wm., e. May 14, 1864. 
Kudd, Frederick, e. May 10, 1864. 
Eickey, L., e. May 17, 1864. 
Smitli, David I., e. May 12, 1864. 
Smith, James, e. May 12, 1864. 
Sellers, Chas., e. May 10, 1864. 
Summers, D. T., e. May 11, 1864. 
Smith, N. L., e. May 12, 1864. 
Stockwell, M. H., e. May 18, 1864. 
Taylor, H. A., e. May 11, 1864. 
Tomlinson, John, e. May 10, 1864. 
Yogel, Simon, e. May 11, 1864. 
Weyand, Lewis, e. May 12, 1864. 
"White, Samuel, e. May 12, 1864. 
Wallet Paul, e. May 7, 1864. 
Zindel,'L. W., e. May 11, 1864. 

Company E. 

First Lieut. Albert C. Smith, com. May 25, 1864. 

Second Lieut. Asa Culver, com. May 25, 1864. 

First Sergt. Jas. Kennedy, e. May 1, 1864. 

Sergt. Jacob G. Heaton, e. May 1, 1864. 

Sergt. John F. Liddle, e. May 9, 1864. 

Sergt. E. A. Dickey, e. May 11, 1864. 

Corp. Louis G. Kiel, e. May 11, 1864. 

Corp. Wm. Thornburg, e. May 9, 1864. 

Corp. J. S. Miller, e. May 2, 1864. 

Corp. J. Coffindafier, e. May 12, 1864. 

Corp. Peter M. Miller, e. May 18, 1864. 

Corp. Wm. N. Devol, e. May 4, 1864. 

Corp. Martin S. Dickey, e. May 12, 1864. 

Musician Edwin Bonnell, e. May 9, 1864. 

Musician Kinhart Lober, e. May 12, 1864. 

Alexander, Wm. D., e. May 14, 1864. 

Anderson, I. W., e. May 2, 1864. 

Atlee, I. R., e. May 14, 1864. 

Bell, Thos. A., e. May 12, 1864. 

Beach, Welcome, e. May 16, 1864. 

Barnum, Clias., e. May 3, 1864. 

Barr, John T., e. May 2, 1864, died at KeokuJs. 

Clark, Jas. F., e. May 2, 1864. 

Coleman, Geo. W., e. May 1.3, 1864. 

Chapman, Jackson, e. May 3, 1864. 

Case, A. B., e. May 3, 1864. 

Cowles, Samuel P., e. May 2, 1864. 

Caldwell, Addison, e. May 4, 1864. 

Dufur, H. A., e. May 2, 1864. 

Denney, Francis, e. May 4, 1864. 

Dyer, Geo. S., e. May 16, 1864. 

Dawson, Geo., e. May 9, 1864. 

Kndersby, Wm., e. May 12, 1864. 

Fagan, Wm., e. May 4, 1864. 

Gregg, A., e. May 4, 1864. 

Grubb, L. C, e. May 7, 1864. 

Gill, Luther, e. May 2,1864. 

Garver, J. F., e. May 13, 1864. 

Gray, A. D., e. May 10, 1864. 

Horton, James, e. May 2, 1864. 

Hampton, A. B., e. May 11, 1864,. 

Huff, T. B., e. May 13, 1864. 

Hyde, R., e. May 2, 1864. 

Holmes, John, e. May 23, 1864. 

Jones, Wm. H., e. May 3, 1864. 

Mason, David H., e. May 3, 1864. 

Mason, Thos. H., e. May 14, 1864. 

Minner, John W., e. May 3, ls64. 

Moody, James, e. May 2, 1864. 

Morrison, Samuel D., e. May 16, 1864, 

N ewby, Clarkson, e. May 4, 1864. 



I Overman, Charles, e. May 11, 1864. 
i Phelps, J., e. May 4, 1864. 
I Sherwood, Hiram, e. May 3, 1864. 
; Smith, Wm., e. May 3, 1864. 

Shamb, F. 0., e. May 10, 1864. 

Tremains, Geo. W., e. May 2, 1864. 

Tomson, William, e. May 3, 1864. 
j Turner, W. B., e. May 3, 1864. 
j Votaw, Elwood, e. May 7, 1864. 
\ Weise, Henry, e. May 3, 1864.- 

Welpton, Jas. S., e. May 12, 1864. 
! Whitinger, Jacob, e. May 3, 1864. 
I Wilcoxson, E. S., e. May 11, 1864. 

Company F. 

Sergt. Geo. T. Collins, e. May 4, 1864. 
j Corp. Hibbard H. Shedd, e. May 4, 1864. 

Corp. Pierson H. Bristow, e. May 5, 1864. 
I Corp. 0. V. Montgomery, e. May 5, 1864. 
! Case, Geo. F., e. May 3, 1864. 

Case, Horatio, e. May 4, 1864. 
: Field, Wm. G., e. May 5, 1864. 
I Hill, Amos H., e. May 4, 1864. 

Howard, W. H., e. May 4, 1864. 

Howard, A. W., May 4, 1864. 

Henry, R. C, e. May 4, 1864. 

Kelley, Samuel G., e. May 3, 1864. 

Loomis, T. J., e. May 3, 1864. 

Wissler, Jacob, e. May 3, 1864. 

Company C. 

Field, H. A., e. May 18, 1864: 

King, T. S., e. May 26, 1864, died at Memphis. 

Company H. 

Sergt. Wm. W. Dollings, e. May 20, 1864. 
Hammond, Moses, e. May 24, 1864. 
Miller, Leroy, e. May 23, 1864. 
Miller, GeoTge, e. May 23, 1864. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Caldwell, Alfred, e. May 26, 1864. 
Diamond, J. K., e. May 26, 1864. 
" Diamond, A. J., e. May 26, 1864. 
Gesford, John, e. May 27, 1864. 
Steward. Wm. R., e. Jlay 27, 1864. 
Walters, Jesse C, e. May 27, 1864. 



FORTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 

[NorE. — This regiment was mustered out at Uock [aUmd 
Barracks October SI, 186/,.] 

Company D. 

First Lieut. Aaron Colliver, com. July 13, 1864. 

Sergt. Henry H. Freed, e. June 23, 1864. 

Sergt. Charles Philip, e. June 20, 1864. 

Sergt. James R. Fitch, e. May 31, 1864. 

Corp. John C. Chapin, e. June 14, 1864. 

Corp. John W. Fletcher, e. June 6, 1864. 

Corp. Henry Black, e. June 20, 1864. 

Musician Nathan D. Daniels, e. June 10, 1864. 

Arnold, Francis M., e. June 27, 1864. 

Baley, Ezra, e. June 13, 1864. 

Brown, D. A., e. June 1, 1864; 

Brown, Thos. A., e. June 31, 1864. 

Brown, A. J., e. June 1, 1864. 

Clark, J. P., e. June 22, 1864. 

Coleman, Henry, e. June 20, 1864. 

Denney, Ely, e. June 3, 1864. 

Dudley, W. W., e. Mav 30, 1864. 

Guyon, Thos. J., e. June 20, 1864. 

Hale, I. D., e. May 31, 1804. 

Jefferson, Thos. E., e. June 3, 1864. 

Johnson. John E., e. June 6, 1864. 

Kimble, William, e. June 18, 1864. 

Lambert, Isaac, e. June 17. 1864. 

Thompson, A. F., e. June 8, 1864. 



FIRST CAVALRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Austin, Tex., 
Feb. 15, 1866.] 

Lieut. Col. Chas. E. Moss, com. Aug. 29, 1861, resd. June 
28, 1862. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUIITY. 



579 



Lieut. Col. Alex. G. McQueen, com. Ist lieut. Co. A Sept. 

23, 1861, prmtd. capt. Dec. 11, 1861, prmtd. maj. Aug. 

21, 1863, prmtd. col. Sept. 25, 1864. 
Maj. Wm. M. G. Torrence, com. capt. Co. A Sept. 23, '61, 

prmtd. maj. Oct. 26, 1861, resd. May 3, 1862. 
Adjt. David A. Kerr, com. bat. adjt. Oct. 7, 1861, from Ist 

sergt. Co. A, com. adjt. Oct. 1, 1862, resd. Fob. 6, '63. 
Q. M. Claue Henry Albers, e. as corp. Co. A July 30,1861, 

prmtd. Q. M. Nov. 1, 1862, resd. June 29, 1864. 
Chaplain John M. Coggeshall, com. June 12, 1863, died at 

Little Rock. 
B. V. S. Michael Chessman, e. June 13, 1862. 
Bugler A. G. Cunningham, e. June 13, 1862. 

Company A. 

Capt. Robert M. Reynolds, com. 2d lieut. Sept. 23, 1861, 
prmtd. 1st lieut. Dec. 11, 1861, com. capt. Aug. 21, 

1863, wd. at Bayou Metoe, Ark., m. o. June 27, 1865. 
Capt. Thomas J. E. Bleness, e. as private July 18, 1861, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. Jan. 4, 1865, prmtd. 1st lieut. Feb. 14, 

1865, prmtd. capt. July 18, 1865. 
First Lieut. John L. Russell, e. as private July 18, 1861, 

prmtd. com. sergt., prmtd. 2d lieut. Oct. 13, 1863 

prmtd. 1st. lieut. Jan. 4. 1865, m. o. Jan. 25, 1865. 
First Lieut. Alex. P. Boyse, e. as sergt. Jan. 1, 1862, prmtd. 

2d lieut. Feb. 14, 1865, prmtd. 1st lieut. July 18, 1862. 
Second Lieut. John A. Bishop, e. as Q. M. sergt. June 13, 

1861, prmtd. 2d. lieut. Dec. 11, 1861, resd. Feb. 7, '63. 
Second Lieut. Andrew S. Hamilton, e. as 2d sergt. July 

30, 1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. Aug. 21, 1863, died while 

sergt. at Little Rock. 
Second Lieut. James P. Turner, e. as corp. June 13, 1861, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. July 18, 1865, m. o. as Ist sergt. 
Sergt. Hugh Mariiu, e. July 30, 1861. 
Sergt. Johu C. Van Hook, e. Jan. 1, 1862, wd. and m. o. 

Sept. 3P, 1862. 
Sergt. Walter S. Gray, e. Nov. 1, 1862, trans to Inv. Corps 

Aug. 15, 1863. 
Corp. Brainard Bridges, e. July 30, 1861, disd. Aug. 4, '63, 
Corp. Joseph C. McCandless, e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864. ^ 

Corp. James Robertson, e. Nov. 1, 1862, drowned at For- 
syth, Mo. 
Corp. Joseph S. Vansant, e. Sept. 1, 1862, prmtd. 1st adjt. 

Ark. Inf. 
, Corp. C. F. Driskill, e. July 18, 1861, kid. at Prairie 

d'Anu, Ark. 
Corp. William Goodin, e. July 18, 1861. 
Corp. John Wright, No. 1, e. July 18, 1861. 
Corp. John Wright, No. 2, e. Aug. 9, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, '64, 

wd. at Moro, Ark. 
Bugler H. Wisner, e June 13, 1861. 

Farrier Wm. K. Beeves, , died at Montrose, Iowa. 

Saddler George Reafler, , vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Wagoner Isaac Ferrell, e. June 13, 1861. 

Andrews, Wm. C, e. July 18, 1861, disd. Dec. 19, 1862, 

disab. 
Adair, Harvey, e. July 18, 1861, died at Little Rock. 
Blair, Benj., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Blair, Wm. W., e. Feb. 24, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Brown, B., e. July 18, 1861, died at Little Rock. 
Burns, Wm. 0., e. Aug. 20, 1862, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Collins, George W., e. July 18, 1861, died at Big Creek 

Bluffs, Mo., of wds. received from guerrillas. 
Cross, John W., e. Jan. 27, 1861, died Jan. 19,1863. 
Conley, David, e. July 18, 1861. 
Copp, Milton, e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
Carter, Wm., e. July 18, 1861, wd. near Cross Hollows, 

Ark. 
Conn, 0. L., e. March 21, 1864. 
Davis, F. M., e. July 18, 1861. 

Foster, Lewis H., e. July 18, 1861, died Nov. 29, 1862. 
Fletcher, T. C , e. July 18, 1861, wd. at Silver Creek, Mo. 
Gore, Owen P., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, kid. at 

Centralia, Mo. 
Green, Geo. W., e. Feb. 24, 1861, wd. Aug. 20, 1862, disd. 

May 27, 1863. 
Gabriel, Hiram, e. July 18, 1861. 
Galligher, Ambrose, e. July 18, 1861, disd. May 26, 1863, 

for jjromotion. 
Hollingsworth, Ed., e. June 13, 1861, disd. Feb. 12, 1863, 

disab. 
Huiskamp, J., e. July 18, 1861. 
Berwick, John, July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, trans, for 

promotion to 4th Ark. Inf 
Hoagland, Henry, e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Horton, Wm., e. July 18, 1861. 
Hill, James, e. July 18, 1861. 
Johnston, James E., July 18, 1861. 



Jones, F. H., e. July 18, 1861, disd. June 21, 1862, disab. 

James, Thos. S., e. July 18,1861. 

Kennedy, Alex., e. July 18, 1861. 

Linn, William, e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

McCutcheon, Jas., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, disd. 

March 2, 1865, disab. 
McKinley James F., e. July 18, 1861, died at Brownsville, 

Ark. 
Moss, C. E., Aug. 20, 1862, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, disd. Sept. 4, 

1864, for promotion 41st Mo. Inf 
Miller, Geo. B., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
McKee, Geo., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Neel, Andrew, e. March 21, 1864. 
Nelson, Peter, e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan 1,1864. 
O'Bleeness, A., e. July IS, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Oiler, Eli R., e. Aug. 26, 1862. 
Pond, T. N., e. Julv 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Pone, Samuel, e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Pone, Wm., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Beibold, Daniel, e. July 18, 1861. 
Rose, P. A., e. Aug. 30, 1862. 
Reed, Elmore, e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Rosecrans, Lewis, e. July 18, 1861. 
Ray, Josiah, e. July 18, 1861. 
Sala, A. P., e. Aug. 31, 1862, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Short, Lewis E., e. July 18, 1861. 
Smith, Jas. e. Aug. 9, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Sala, A. F., e. July 18, 1861, wd. at Little Rock, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864. 
Short, Moses, e. Jan. 27, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Smith, John, e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, trump. 
Scott, Jas., e, July 18, 1861, wd. at Silver Creek, Mo., vet. 

Jan 1, 1864. 
Scheyli, Wm., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Shook, Jacob M., e. July 18, 1861, wd. accidentally. 
Thomas, Z. E., e. July 18, 1861, disd. May 24, '63, for pro- 
motion to 11th Mo. Cav. 
Thorndike, Wm. F., e. July 18, 1861. 
Timberlake, P. A., e. July 18, 1861, died at Keokuk. 
Turner, D. C, e. July 18, 1861. 
Welchyner, Geo., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Walker, A., e. June 13, 1861, disd. Feb. 12, 1863, disab. 
Wisbey, Lewis B., e. July 18, 1861. 
Wilson, Walker, e. July 18, 1861. 
Wilson, H. F., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. near 

Clinton, Mo. 
Wilson, A. J., e. July 18, 1861, wd. at Bayou Metoe, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864, wd. near Little Rock, trans, to V. R. C. June 

30, 1865. 
Wright, A. J., e. Aug. 18, 1863, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Wyatt, Wm., e. Aug. 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Company C. 

First Lieut. Clinton M. Turner, e. as 1st corp. July, 1861, 

prmtd. 2d lieut, July 6, 1864, from com. sergt., prmtd. 

1st lieut. April 15, 1865. 
Second Lieut. Albert F. Dean, com. Sept. 23, 1861, resd. 

June 28, 1862. 
Sergt. E. W. Majors, e. July 18, 1861. 
Sergt. 0. S. Whiting, e. July 18,1861. 
Corp. Paul Hendricks, e. Aug. 16, 1862, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Corp. Michael Seyb, e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Bugler Geo. Hook, e. July 18, 1861. 
Andrews, M. S,, Aug. 13, 1862, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Brice, A. C, e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Brees, Jos., e. July 18, 1861. 
Carpenter, Jerome, e. Dec. 7, 1863. 
Copp, Curtis M., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Chickering, Chas., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Dean, T. J., e. July 18, 1861, trans, prmtd. capt. in Bissell's 

Eng. Reg. 
Delfeller, Geo , vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Hawkins, Geo. C, e. July 18, 1861. 
Hill, John L., vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Hendricks, Wm. H., e. Aug. 28, 1862, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Jefferson, Henry, e. July 18, 1861. 
Lither, A. J., e. July IS, 1861. 
McCrarey, M., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Martin, C. U., e. June 20, 1863, kid. Bavou Metoe, Ark. 
Payne, Horace, e. July 18, 1861. 
Stoddard, Allen, e. July 18, 1861. 
Steele, Wm. S., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Stockman, G., e. July 18, 1861. 
Stutsman, A., e. July 18, 1861, wd. St. Clair Co., Mo., and 

Bayou Metoe, Ark., disd. Jan. 13, 1864. 
Underwood, Rufus, e. July 18, 1861, disd. March 24, 1863, 

disab. 
Wilmarsh, Geo. L., e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Zingre, Theo., e. July 18, 1861 . 



580 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



Company D. 

McCIeiii, Thomas, e. Sept. 17, 1861. 

Company E. 

Corp. J. H. Arnold, e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864, kid 
by guerrillaB, Sept. 27, 1864. 

Company F. 

Corp. Thos. H. Hart, e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Corp. S. M. Sexton, e. July 18, 1861, wd. Silver Creek, Mo. 
Hart, George, e. July 18, 1861, disd. June 30, 1862, disab. 
Hart, Kay S., e. July 18, 1861. 
Hunter, J. C , e. Aug. 9, 1861, disd. June 9, 1862. 
Klein, M., e. July 18. 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Keiley, B. C, e. July 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Reed, T. J., vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Company H. 

Hartzell, Adam R., e. Aug. 8, 1861. 

Harrington, Ezra, e. Sept. 16, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Johnson, H. E., e. Sept. 12, 1861, died Dec. 4, 1862. 

Murry, Z. P., e. Sept. 16, 1861. 

Purrinton, F. H., e. Aug. 16, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Smith, A. J., e. Aug. 8, 1861. 

Company K. 

Edwarns, Barron, e. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Company L. 

Barnum, Charles L., e. Dec. 28, 1863. 

Hughes, Daniel H., e. Dec. 29, '1863, disd. May 16, 1865, 

disab. 
Jack, D., e. Aug. 25, 1862, vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Seword, Joshua, e. Sept. 9, 1862, vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 
McCalligan, James E., e. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Moody, Jos. vet. Jan. 5, 1864. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Brown, Hiram, e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
Best, Benj. F., e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
Buffington, John J., e. Feb. 20, 1864. 
Brun, Jos., e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
Benedict, Jos., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Carpenter, Jerome, e. Dec. 7, 1863. 
Cooper, Jesse, e. March 29, 1864. 
Corey, J., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Curtiss, R. G., e. March 5, 1864. 
Cramer, Noah, e. Dec. 26, 1863. 
Cochrane, John P., e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
Cook, D. W., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Gantz, Wm. L., e. Feb. 25, 1864. 
Harper, Wm., e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
Henkle, John, e. Dec. 23, 1863. 
Hoskins, Geo. W., e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
Berwick, F., e. Feb. 3, 1864. 
Hoggett, I. M.. e. Fell. 20, 1864. 
Jay, Andrew L., e. Feb. 20, 1864. 
Joy, Lindley H., e. Feb. 24, 1864. 
McCalvan, Jas. E., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Lyman, Jesse R.. e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
McKibbon, Chas., o. Jan. 4, 1864. 
O'Bleness, L., e. Feb. 6, 1864. 
Roberts, Benj., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Ritchey, Joseph C, e. Feb. 24, 1864. 
Roberts, Perry, e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Sterett, D. B., e. March 26, 1864. 
Stenger, Joseph, e. Dec. 28, 1863. 
Skinner, John, e. Feb. 9, 1864. 
Shampnoi, Thomas, e. Feb. 20, 1864. 
Tedro, John D., e. March 26, 1864. 
Walker, Alfred, e. Feb. 24, 1864. 
Walker, F. J., e. Jan. U, 1864. 



THIRD CAVALRY. 

[Note. — Thii regiment was mustered out at Atlanta Ga., 
August 9, 1865.] 

Col. John W. Noble, com. 1st lieut. Co. C Sept. 2, 1861, 
prmtd. adjt., retd. to Co., prmtd. maj., Nov. 18, 1862, 
prmtd. lieut. col. May 1, 1864, prmtd. col. May 23, 
1864. 



Maj. Carlton H. Perry, com. Aug. 26, 1861, resd. Nov. IS, 

1862, ill health. 
Surg. David L. McGugin, com. Oct. 3, 1861, resd. April 

17, 1863. 
Asst. Surg. Christopher C. Biser, com. Aug. 26, 1861, 

disd. at St. Louis. 
Chaplain Pearl P. Ingalls, com. 1861, resd. Feb. 23, 1863. 
Com. Sergt. John R. Woods, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Q. M. S. George A. Jackson, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Hosp. Steward Caleb Swazey, e. Nov. 7, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Hosp. Steward Euclid E. Fuller, e. Aug. 23, 1861, disd 

Sept. 28, 1862, disab. 
B. C. S. Howard Perry, e. Dec. 12, 1861. 
B. C. S. Thomas H. Brown, e. Dec. 12, 1861, prmtd. com. 

sergt. 
R. C. S. Alfred R. Hotchkiss, e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. May 

22, 1862, disd. 
Bugler I. M. Wickersham, e. Aug, 28, 1861. 

Company A. 

First Lieut. Samuel Barr, prmtd. 1st lieut. Nov. 3, 1864, 
not mustered, died at Kansas City of wds. received 
at Big Blue, Mo. 

Carney, William, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Goucher, E. S., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 

Goucher, Andrew, Jan. 4, 1864. 

Company B. 

Capt. John Q. A. DeHuff, com. 1st lieut. Aug. 30, 1861, 

prmtd. capt. Nov. 13, 1862, resd. Sept. 26, 1864. 
Capt. Aaron H. Gage, e. as 1st sergt. Aug. 23, 1861, prmtd. 

2d lieut. Nov. 13, 1862, prmtd. 1st lieut. Sept. 27, '64, 

prmtd. capt. July 20, 1865. 
Second Lieut. Clinton C. McCord, e. as corp. Aug. 23, '61, 

prmtd 2d lieut. July 20, 1865. 
First Sergt. Samuel Barr, e. Aug. 23, 1861. 
Q. M. Sergt. A. J. McRacken, e. Aug. 23, 1861. 
Com. Sergt. Wm. H. Anderson, e. Aug. 23, 1861, died at 

Helena, Ark. 
Sergt. John P. Talbott, e. Aug. 23, 1861. 
Sergt. Geo. N. Anderson, e. Aug. 23, 1861, kid. at battle 

Pea Ridge. 
Sergt. James Paine, e. Aug. 23, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Sergt. William F. Jones, e. Aug. 23, '61, disd. April 24, '64. 
Corp. Jesse W. Bayles, e. Aug. 23, 1861, vet. Jan. 14, '62. 
Corp. James S. Alexander, e. Aug. 23,1861, disd. Jan. 12, 

1862. 
Corp. H. L. Birdsall, e. Aug. 23, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Corp. James House, e. Aug. 23, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. 

at Osage, Mo. 
Corp. A. E. Coleman, e. Aug. 23, 1861, wd., disd. April 

24, 1864. 
Corp. Jasper O'Neil, e. Aug. 23, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Farrier Abram Edwards, e. Aug. 23, 1861. 
Saddler August Remermann, e. Aug. 23, 1861. 
Wagoner Artemus Cleenis, e. Aug. 23, 1861, disd. Feb. 7, 

1862, disab. 
Adington, A. T., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Anders, Milton, e. Feb. 27, 1864. 
Barr, Jas., e. Feb. 29, 1864, wd. Jan. 4, 1865. 
Britenstein, — , e. Feb. 27, 1864. 
Bishop, Sam'l H., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Black, W. H., vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Berge, Alfred, e. Aug. 23, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Brownlee, Alex., e. Aug. 25, 1863. 
Coleman, Alex., e. Aug. 23, 1861, vet, Jan. 1, 1864. 
Carroll, David, e. Aug. 25, 1861, kid. at bat. of Pea Ridge, 

scalped by Indians. 
Cox, Jas., e. Aug. 25, 1861, died Dec. 27, 1861. 
Cowles, Wm., e. Aug. 25, 1861, kid. at bat. of Pea Ridge, 

scalped by Indians. 
Chedister, Wm. M., e. Aug. 25, 1861. 
Dehart, Hiram, e. Feb. 29, 1864, died at Memphis. 
Diggs, H. C, e. Aug. 23, 1861. 
Edwards, Abraham, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Finley, David, e. Aug. 23, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Finley, Samuel L., e. Aug. 23, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Freich, Casper, e. Aug. 23, 1861, kid. at bat. of Pea Ridge, 

scalped by Indians. 
Gallop, .fas. K., e. Feb. 13, 1864. 
Grant, B. F., e. Feb. 29, 1864, wd. at Columbus, Ga. 
Gallop, Jerry, e. Feb. 10, 1864, trans. 

Gorden, Wm. W., e. Aug. 23, '61, disd. Feb. 25, '63, disab. 
Galloupe, Geo., e. Jan. 6, 1864. 
Hanner, S., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Horn, John H., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Holland, E. V., e. Aug. 23, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



581 



Hollowell, Austin, e. Feb. 8, 1864. 

Hollowell, Jasper, e. Feb. 8, 1864. 

Kinley, Isaac H., e. Aug. 23, 1861. 

Kerns, Wm., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 

Kerr, Peter, e. Aug. 23, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Keime, Henry, e. Aug. 23, 1861, disd. Sept. 17, 1862. 

Liove, John W., e. Aug. 23, 1861, died Ht Keokuk. 

Leaser, Robert, e. Aug. 23, 1861, disd. Jan. 20, 1865,disab. 

Lundy, F., e. Aug. 23, 1861, died at Lee's Plantation, La. 

Lundy, N., e. Aug. 23, 1861. 

Lyon, John W., e. Aug. 23, 1861, disd. Feb. 7, 1862. 

McCulley, John T., e. Feb. 29, 1864, died Memphis, Tenn. 

Mathews, Jas. S., e. Aug. 23, 1861, vvd. at La Grange, Ark., 

died at Helena. 
Matthews, M. P., e. Aug. 23, 1862, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Mendenhall, John W., e. Aug. 23, 1861, disd. July 20, 

1862, disab. 
Matthews, John C, e. Feb. 29, 1864, died at Memphis. 
Merritt, John, e. Aug. 23, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
McPherson, 0. H., e. Feb. 10, 1864. 
McQueen, Wm., e. Aug. 23, 1861. 
McUhord, C. C, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, sergt. 
McCord, A. B., e. Aug. 23, 1862, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
McCulley, Jas. I)., e. Aug. 23, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
McDonald, R. T., e. Feb. 13, 1864, wd. at Big Blue, nnd 

Osage, Mo. 
Overman, Allen, e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
Pea-e, Gaston, e. Feb. 29, 1864, died at Memphis, 
Parker, Thos., e. Feb. 29, 1864, disd. Doc. 28, 1864. 
Parsons, J., e. March 14, 1864. 
Pulmau, John, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Parsons, Samuel, e. Aug. 23, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Parsons, George, e. Sept. 10, 1862. 
Eye, Thos. N., e. Aug. 23, 1861, vet, Jan. 1, 1864. 
Remerman, August, vet. Jan. 1, 18(54. 
Richardson, Geo , e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Ringland, Bernard, e. Feb. 25, 1864. 
Regby, Ralph, e. Aug. 23, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Stillwell, Thomas, e. Feb. 27, 1864. 
Sample, John N., e. Aug. 23, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Saxe, A. C., e. Feb. 27, 1864. 

Sample, Geo. W., e. Aug. 23, 1861, disd. April 24, 1864. 
Shang, B. S., e Feb. 26, 1864. 
Townsend, H., e. Feb. 2.5, 1864. 
Talbot, K. T., e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
Townsend, E., e Feb. 25, 1864. 
Woodworth, C. S., e. Aug. 23, 1864. 
Weeks, H. L., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Wilson, Robert, e. July 5, 1864. 

Company C. 

Capt. Israel Anderson, com. Sept. 2, 1861, resd. April 4, 

1863. 
Capt. William Wilson, e. as 1st sergt. Aug. 28, 1861, 
" prmtd. 2d Ueut. Sept. 26, 1861, prmtd. 1st lieut. Dec. 

11, 1862, prmtd. capt. April 5, 1863, resd. Oct. 26, '64. 
('apt. Glenn Lowe, e. as corp. Sept. 1, 1861, prmtd. bat. 

adjt. Dec. 1, 1861, m. o. Oct. 27, 1862, com. adjt. Nov. 

1, 1862, wd. at La Grange, Ark., prmtd. capt. Nov. 3, 

1864. 
First Lieut. Erie J. Deech, com. 2d lieut. Sept. 2, 1861, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. Sept. 26, 1861, resd. March 18, 1861. 
First Lieut. James Liuch, e. as corp. Aug. 28, 1861, prmtd. 

2d lieut. Dec. 22, 1862, prmtd. l:.t lieut. April 5, 1863, 

resd. Jan. 2, 1805. 
First Lieut. Alfred Roberts, e. as private Aug. 29, 1861, 

prmtd. Q. M. sergt., prmtd. 2d lieut. May 28, 1863, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. Jan. 3, 1865. 
Second Lieut. Chas. W. Taylor, e. as private Aug. 29, '61, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. Jan.. 3, 1865. 
First Sergt. Thomas Cowley, Jr., e. Aug. 28, 1861, ap- 
pointed corny, sergt. 
Q. M. Sergt. H. A. Winther, e. Aug. 28, 1861, disd. May 

5, 1864. 
Sergt. David A. Day, e. Aug. 28, 1861, disd. Sept. 24, 

1862, disab. 
Sergt. Robert Lamaster, e. Aug. 28, 1861. 
Sergt- Ralph H. Millard, e. Aug. 29, 1861, kid. and 

scalped by Pike's Indians, at Pea Kidge. 
Sergt. Obadiah M. Crane, e. Aug. 28, 1861, disd. Julv 29, 

1862. 
Sergt. John Leddon, e. Aug. 28, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Sergt. Josiah A.Jackson, e. Aug. 28, 1861, died June 14, 

1862. 
Sergt. Edw. Welchman, e. Aug. 28, 1861, trans, to Fre- 
mont's Light Guard Oct. 8, 1861. 
Sergt. Thos. W. Brice, e. Aug. 29, 1861. 
Sergt. A. L. Jenks, e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Sergt. Charles Watson, e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, 

died at Covington, Ky. 



Corp. John Scritchiield, e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. April 

30, 1864. 
Corp. John Smith, e. Aug. 29, 1861, trans, to Inv. 

Corps, 1863. 
Corp. Hubbard Stone, e. Aug. 28, 1861. 
Corp. William Gilchrist, e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan.], 

1864, kid. at Ripley, Miss. 
Corp. Isaac Stamper, e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Corp. James W. Cox, e. Aug. 28, 1861. 
Corp. A. A. Brown, e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Corp. 0. C. Stevens, e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. June 7, 

1862, disab. 
Corp. Louis Berryhill, e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Corp. Henry Delaplaine, e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864, sergt. 
Corp. Dixon Gebson, e. Aug. 29, 1861. 
Corp. L. A. Cox, e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. at 

Osage, Mo. 
Corp. E. Y. McLarning, e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Corp. L. P. Price, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Bugler Louis Anslyn, e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. July 26, '62. 
Bugler Oscar D. Harvey, e. Aug. 29, 1861. 
Farrier F. C. Wilson, e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. Dec. 12, '62. 
Farrier Robert Forbes, e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Farrier A. R. Hotchkiss, e. Aug. 25, 1861. 
Saddler John M. Read, e. Aug. 29, 1861. 
Teamster Henry Deppen, e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Teamster Joseph Hyde, e. Aug. 29, 1861. 
Ackley, Thomas, e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Ackley, Thomas P., e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. Dec. 28, 1861, 

disab. 
Armitage, Perry, o. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Anderson, Charles, e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. Jan. 20, 1862, 

disab. 
Burgman, Geo. W., e. Feb. 8, 1864. 

Boebe, John S., e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. Dec. 19, '61, disab. 
Brown, Israel, e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, disd. 

Jan. 25, 1865. 
Brown, James, e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. Jan. 22, 1862. 
Bunch, I., e. Aug. 29, trans, to 7th Inf. 
Cassidy, Robt., e. Dec. 14, 1863. 
Conn, Lews, e. Jan. 25, 1864. 
Conway, Chas., e. Feb. 27, 1864. 
Cobb, Ephraim, e. Feb. 29, 1864, captd. at Ripley, died at 

Andersonville. 
Curtiss, Wm., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Durfee, Wm. B., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Duvall, William H., e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. Dec. 10, 1861 

disab. 
Dugan, Lawrence, e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. Dec. 20, 1861, 

disab. 
Elliott, J., e. Feb. 7, 1864. 

Fauquier, B., e. Aug 29, 1861, died Benton, Ark. 
Field, John, e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Forman, Wm. H., e. Feb. 23, 1864. 
Forman, Chas. H . e. Feb. 23, 1864. 
Goodwin, Thos. H., e. Feb. 20, 1864. 
Gibson, William D., e. Aug. 29, 1861, wd. at Coldwater, 

Miss. 
Gibson, Dixon, e. Aug. 29, 1861. 
Gibson, John F., e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. Aug. 3, 1863. 
Guthrie. Wm., e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. Dec. 29, 1862. 
Hendrickson, John A., e. Feb. 3, 1864. 
Horn, F., e. Aug. 29, 1865, disd. 
Hinote, Alex., e. Feb. 18, 1864. 
Hardin, A. J., e. Aug. 29, 1861. 
Hardwick, John W., e. Feb. 24, 1864. 
Herron, Milton, e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. May 5, 1864, 

disab. 
Hockman, H. P., e. Feb. 18, 1864. 
Johnson, P. P., e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. June 23, 1862. 
Jeffries, Jas. G., e. Feb. 11, 1864, wd. at Osage, Mo., disd. 

July 28, 1865. 
Jones, James, e. Aug. 29, 1861. 
Jones, Chas., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 

Jackson, George A., e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Johnson, James, e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. May 4, 1863, disab. 
Kramer, Wm. G., e. Feb. in, 1864, 
Keteon, Wm., e. Aug. 29, 1861. 
King, Wm., e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Luke, Elias, e. Jan. 23, 1864. 
Lindsey, P. P., e. Aug 29, 1861. 
Leake, I. E., e. Feb. 19, 1864. 
Lynch, Morgan, e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Lowry, Wm., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
McLaughlin, Wm., e. Aug. 29, 1861. 
Mackie. Wm. 0., e. Feb. 5, 1864. 
Murch, Clark, e. Feb. 26, 1864. 
Miller, John H., e. Feb. 29, 1864, died July 25, 1864. 



582 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



Moneymaker, Wm. J., e. Feb. 8, 1864. 
Malia, John, e. Feb. 28, 1864. 
Matheney, Wm., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
McEveney, Samuel, e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Martin, William, e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jau. 1, 1864, wd. 
Miller, Wm., e. Feb. 17, 1864-, died July 20, 1864. 
Newton, Judson, e. Feb. 24, 1864, wd. 
Ostrander, Henry, e. Aug. 29, 1861. 
Ostrander, Samuel F., e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. Jau. 10, '63. 
Peterson, Calvin, e. Aug. 29, 1861, died at Cassville, Mo. 
Phillips, Albert, e. Feb. 23, 1864. 
Quicksell, John R., e. Aug. 29, 1861. 
Rhodes, Joseph, e. Feb. 12, 1864. 

Rankin, Herman, e. Aug. 29, 1861, died at Benton Bar- 
racks. 
Rankin, Johnson, e. Aug. 29, 1861. 
Russell, Thos. B., e. Feb. 19, 1864. 
Riggs, Daniel, e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. Dec. 3. 1863. 
Rockwell, S. iM., e. Aug. 29, 1861. 
Spaulding, Josiah, e. Dec. 11, 1862, died St. Louis. 
Smith, Wm., e. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Smith, James, e. Aug. 26, 1862, wd. at Coldwater, Miss., 

vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Stevens, P. J., e. Aug. 29, 1861, kid. and scalped by Pike's 

Indians, at Pea Ridge. 
Smith, H. H., e. Aug. 26, 1862. 
Seaton, Leroy, e. Aug. 29, 1861, wd. Pea Ridge, disd. May 

21, 1862, disab. 
Shay, Perry, e. July 7, 1864, disd. Nov. 3, 1864, disab. 
Snyder, Isaac, «. Aug. 29, 1861, vet. .Tan. 1, 1864. 
Samuels, Joseph, e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Simpson, Thoa., e. Feb. 25, 1864. 
Shultz, Samuel, e. Feb. 15, 1864. 
Smith, Geo. C, e. Feb. 25, 1864. 
Sprague, H., e. Feb. 23, 1864. 
Stone, John, e. Feb. 25, 1864. 
Sells, W., e. Feb. 18, 1864. 
Seeberlich, William, e. Aug. 29, 1861, died in Milldale 

Hospital. 
Stump, F., e. Feb. 26,1864, captd. Ripley, Miss. 
Townsend, B., e. Aug. 29, 1861. 
Tisdale, Morris, e. Jan. 25, 1864. 
Talbot, W., e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. ' 
Tryon, Jacob, e. Feb. 24, 1864. 
Tackaberry, Chas., e. Feb. 27, 1864, died at Keokuk. 
Yirts, James A., e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. April 16, 1864, 

disab. 
Vann, Thomas L., e. Aug. 24, 1861, disd. June 12, 1862, 

disab. 
Waste, F. H., e. Aug. 24, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, prmtd. 

farrier. 
Wheeler, Samuel, e. Aug. 24, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Williams, M. D., e. Aug. 25, 1861, kid. by guerrillas July 

7, 1862. 
Williams, Wm. M.. e Aug. 25, 1861, disd. Jan. 13, 1863. 
Whitney, Harwood, e. Aug. 25, 1861. 
Worster, J., e. Jan. 21, 1864. 
Williams, A. J., e. Feb. 6, 1864. 
Woods, John R., e. Aug. 29, 1861. 
Wyatt, Daniel B., e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. April 30, 1864, 

disab. 
Worley, W. J., e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. Dec. 27, 1862. 
Zugg, Addison, e. Aug. 29, 1861, disd. Dec. 27, 1862, disab. 

Company D. 

Corp. John Campbell, e. Sept. 14, '61, kid. bat. Pea Ridge. 
Dunn, Adam, e. Sept. 9, 1861. 
Harlan, J. B., e. Feb. 2U, 1864. 

Company E. 

Upton, Harvey N., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Vansteenbnrg, Nelson, e. Feb. 25, 1864. 

Company F. 

Boderson, Mathew, e. Dec. 1, 1863. 

Company C. 

Berger, Abraham, e. Feb. 15, 1864. 
Coleman, Wm. H., e. Feb. 18, 1S64. 
Matkin, Wm. H., vet. Jan. 1, 1864, died Louisville, Ky. 

Company H. 

Sergt. Thomas R. Herdon, e. Sept. 9, 1861, disd. April 25, 

1864, disab. 
Corp. Martin V. B. Sigler, e. Sept. 7, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, '64. 
Corp. M. W. Mitchell, e. Aug. 28, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, 

captd. near White's Station, Tenn. 



Corp. John W. Smith, e. Oct. 8, 1861, died Little Rock. 
Corp. Thos. N., Gosnell, e. Oct. 2, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Blacksmith Peter F. Beucler, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Buttertield, Emerson, e. Sept. 9, 1861, captd. White Water, 

Mo., and Camden, Ark. 
Balbeck, John, e. Feb. 9, 1864, wd. Osage. 
Balback, Andrew, e. Sept. 11, 1861, captd. White Water, 

Mo., captd. Nov. 11, 1863, vet, Jan. 1, 1864. 
Buecler, John H., e. Dec. 7, 1863. 
Clark, Wm., e. Sept. 2, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, drowned at 

Memphis. 
Hawkins, C. G., e. Sept. 9, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. 
Hewitt, Jas. S., o. Feb. 8, 1864. 
Light, Jas. A., Sept. 9, 1861. 
Myers, Jos., e. Feb. 19, 1864, wd. Guntown, Miss. 
Perry, Howard, e. Dec. 12, 1861, disd. March 1,1863. 
Spitler, Wm. H., e. Sept. 2, 1861. 
Smith, Geo., e. Feb. 19, 1864. 
Sigler, Jeremiah, e. Sept. 17, 1861. 
Sigler, Jackson, e. Sept. 7, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Tuttle, Nathan, e. Sept. 2, 1861, disd. Jan. 13, 1862. 
Vandeventer, J. W., e. Feb. 8, 1864. 
Vandeventer, S., e. Feb. 8, 1864, died Atlanta. 

Company I. 

Fletcher, Jos. C, e. Feb. 20, 1864, captd. Ripley. 

Graft, Jacob, e. March 15, 1864, captd. Ripley, died at 

Florence, N. C. 
Smith, John, e. Aug. 20, 1861. 

Company L. 

First Lieut. Dudley E. Jones, com. bat. Q. M., Sept. 20 1 
1861, com. 1st lieut. May 2, 1862, disd. Dec. 9, 1864. 

Cooper, C. D., e. Feb. 24, 1864. 

Britton, Alonzo, e. Oct. 1, 1861, disd. July 31, 1863. 

White, Edw., vet. Jan. 1, 1864, capfd. Guntown, Miss., 
died Mobile, Ala. 

Company M. 

Bryant, Wm. H., e. Feb. 24, 1864. 

Belville, Benj. M., e. Oct. 10, 1861, disd. March 20, 1863. 

Hendricks, Robt, e. Feb. 24, 1864, died Memphis, Tenn. 

Johnson, Jas. H., e. Feb. 24, 1864. 

Rinkle,S., e. Feb. 28, 1864. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Wesson, M. C. 
Spaulding, Josiah. 
Kearney, Wm. H. 
Coleman, Thos. J., e. Feb. 18, 1864. 
Deity, Chas. P., e. Feb. 25, 1864. 
Jones, Geo. S., e. Oct. 11, 1864. 
Kinny, Wm. A., e. Feb. 3, 1864. 
Daniel, Geo. 0., e.;Dec. 19, 1863. 
Goucher, E. C, e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Goucher, Andrew, e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Longry, Geo. W., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Richardson, Geo., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 



FOURTH CAVALRF. 

[Note. — This regiment ?««« mustered out at Atlanta, Ga. 
Aug. 10, 1865.] 

Company C. 

Lecler, John B., e. Feb. 3, 1864. 

Company F. 

Peterson, Samuel, e. Oct. 17, 1861, vet. Dec. 12, '63, corp. 
Sibley, Jabez, e. Oct. 17, 1861, kid. Raymond, Miss. 

Company G. 

Capt. Thomas C. Tallis, com. Dec. 24, 1861, died Helena, 

Ark., Feb. 8, 1863. 
Capt. Francis M. Davis, e. as private, Oct. 4, 1861, prmtd. 

bat. vet. sergt. prmtd. 2d lieut. Sept. 4, 1862, prmtd. 

capt. Feb. 25, 1863, resd. June 24, 1863. 
Capt. Alexander Rodgers,e. as private Oct. 16, 1861, prmtd. 

1st lieut. Aug. 1, 1862, captd. Oct. 11. 1862, prmtd, 

capt. June 25, 1863. 
First Lieut. Jas. J. Brown, com. Dec. 24, 1861, resd. July 

30, 1862. 
Second Lieut. Robt. P. Gillmer, e. as private Nov. 16, 

1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. Feb. 25, 1863, m. o. Dec. 4, '64. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



583 



First Seigt. Hugh Valiant, e. Oct. 16, 1861. 
^Q. M. S. Geo. Levee, e. Oct. 25, 1861, disd. Nov. 20, 1862, 

re-e. as vet. Dec. 19, 1863. 
Sergt. Polk Tebbetts, e. Dec. 2, 1861, vet. Dec. 12, 1803, 

wd. Tupelo, Miss. 
Sergt. John Ingersoll, e. Oct. 6, 1861, vet. Dec. 12, 1863, 

prmtd. com. sergt. 
Gorp. Wm. C. Mason, e. Oct. 16, 1861, wd. trans, to V. K. 

C. April 29, 1864. 
Corp. R. P. Gilmer, e. Nov. 16, 1864. 
Corp. Thompson Jones, e. Oct. 16, 1861, wd. trans, to V. 

K. 0. May 15, 1864. 
Corp. Wm Hardy, e. Oct. 18, 1861, vet. Dec. 12, 1863. 
Corp. John Steele, s. Dec. 19, 1861, disd. Dec. 1, '64, disab. 
•Corp. Wm. J. Ives, e. Oct. 19, 1861, disd. Aug. 2, '62, disab. 
Bugler Horace McDonnell, e. Oct. 19, 1861. 
Bugler Thos. C. Fletcher, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 
Armor, Thompson, e. Oct. 22, 1861, vet. Dec. 19, 1863. 
. Ayers, F. H. e. Nov. 16, 1861, disd. July 16, 1862. 
Ayers, L. E., e. Nov. 16, 1861, disd. Oct. 9, 1862, disab. 
Barnes, Wm. C, e. Oct. 16, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, lh64. 
Barnes, Geo. M., e. Feb. 28, 1862, died West Plains, Mo. 
Berry, James F., e. Oct. 19, 1861, died Millaale Hosp.,Miss. 
Burke. Louis, e. Oct. 16, 1861, vet. Dec. 12, 1363. 
•ilaJp, Arestes, e. Oct. 24, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
' ale, Wm., e. Oct. 24, 1861, died West Point. 
Cowles, James, e. Oct. 14, 1861, vet. Dec. 12, 1863. 
Crosby, Geo. B., e. Oct. 4, 1861. 
Crosby, Lawrence, e. Oct. 4, 1861. 
Douglass, D., e. Aug. 30, 1862. 
Bndersby, W. W., e. March 16, 1864. 
Ehart, Philip, e. Dec. 28, 1861, disd. July 23, 1862. 
Ezell, Solomon, e. Nov. 27, 1861, died at West Plains, Mo. 
Fegurs, Chas. H., e. Sept. 8, 1862. 
Fager, Chas., e. Sept. 8, 1862. 
Frazier, John, e. March 28, 1864. 
Frazier, James, e. Jan. 16, 1862. 
Groesbeck, F., e. Feb. 28, 1862, died Young's Pt., La. 
Hoss, Aaron, e. Oct. 19, 1861, disd. Feb. 18, 1862, disab. 
Ingersoll, W. W., e. Oct. 6, 1861, died West Plains, Mo. 
Jackson, C. W., e. Oct. 26, 1861, kid. bat. Lick Creek, Ark. 
Jackson, D. C, vet. Jan. 2, 1864. 
Jennings, Theo. H., e. Oct. 24, 1861, vet. Dec. 12, 1863. 
Jennings, Wm. P., e. Oct. 2, 1861. 
Jones, Evan, e. Oct. 11, 1861. 
Jackson, Theo. S., e. Jan. 21, 1862, vet. Feb. 1, 1864, wd. 

Tupelo, Miss. 
Johnson, Daniel, e. Oct. 19, 1861, disd. April 5, '63, disab. 
■Johnson, Lewis, e. Jan. 21, 1862, died Helena, Ark. 
Laird, David, e. Oct. 11, 1861, vet. Dec. 12, 1863. 
Laird, Levi, e. Jan. 1, 1862, vet. Jan. 2, 1864. 
Levee, Addison, e. Aug. 31, 1862. 
Mason, James S., e. Oct. 16, 1861, disd. Nov. 21, 1862. 
McCarty, Chas. B , e. March 28, 1864. 
Murray, Z., e. Oct. 5, 1861, vet. Dec. 12, 1863. 
Murray, Wm., e. Oct. 16, 1861. 

■Pitman, Wm., e. Oct. 22, 1861, wd., disd. Sept. 4, '62, disab. 
Riddle, Alex., e. Jan. 16, 1862, captd. Oct. 11, 1862, vet. 

Jan. 17, 1864. 
Sooville, Geo., e. Oct. 20, 1861, disd. Nov. 19, 1862. 
Shotta, Amiel, e. Dec. 14, 1861, died Batesville, Ark. 
Segmon, Edw., e. Sept. 27, 1862. 
Stubbs, Edw., e. Oct. 16, 1861, died Jan. 31, 1862. 
Snider, Nicholas, e. Jan. 30, 1862, vet. Feb. 1, 1864. 
Skiles, Robert, e. Jan. 16, 1862, vet. Jan. 17, 1864. 
Thornton, Jas., e. Oct. 11, 1861, disd. Jan. 9, 1863. 
Welch, Geo. W., e. Oct. 11, 1861, vet. Dec. 19, 1863. 
Watts, Sensel, e. Jan. 16, 1862, died at Mt. Pleasant. 

Company M. 

Howe, Samuel, e. Feb. 14, 1862, vet. Feb. 15, 1864, trans, 
to 15th Co. 2d bat. V. R. C. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

■Chandler, J., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Entler, Wm. H., e. Oct. 28, 1864. 
Osborn, Wm. H., e. Oct. 26, 1864. 
Wheatley, H. S., e. Oct. 28, 1864. 



FIFTH CAVALRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Nashville, 
Tenn., Aug. 11, 1865.] 

3B. C. S. George Friedenriech, e. Sept. 1, 1861,, m. o. Nov. 

15, 1862. 
B. S. S. Fred Diedrich, e. Sept. 21, 1861, disd. June 23, '64. 
Musician Jos. Bendler, e. Sept. 23, 1861. 



Musician Henry C. Kummer, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 
Musician C. A. Ulrich, e. Oct. Z5, 1861. 
Musician H. 0. Dudley, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Company F. 

Second Lieut. John A. Smith, com. Jan. 9, 1862, resd. 
July 27, 1863. 

Q. M. S. Chas. Haenel, e. Oct. 25, 1861, disd. June 26, '65. 

Sergt. Gustav Krusch, e. Oct. 25, 1861, wd. at Notasulga, 
Ala. 

Sergt. Geo. H. Meier, e. Oct. 25, 1861, disd. Oct. 22, 1862, 
disab. 

Sergt. Chas. F. Linile, e. Dec. 26, 1861, captd. Lockridge 
Mills, Tenn. 

Corp. Casper Bushmeier, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Corp. Christopher Fricke, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Corp. Chas. Bothe, e. Jan. 1, 1862. 

Bugler John Seidel, e. Oct. 25, 1861, captd., escaped and 
returned, disd. Sept. 25, 1862. 

Bugler Joseph Bendler, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Farrier Philip Schneider, e. uct. 25, 1861, captd., escaped, 
disd. June 27, 1862. 

Anthes, Geo., e. Oct. 25, 1861, disd. Nov. 1, 1861. 

Brecht, Fritz, e. Oct. 25, 1861, captd., escaped and re- 
turned, disd. June 27, 1862. 

Boechle, Roman, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Deutch, Jacob, e. Oct. 25, 1861, kid. at battle Lockridge 
Mills. 

Fahr, Ferd, e. Oct. 25, 1861, captd., escaped and returned, 
disd. Sept. 21, 1862. 

Geldmacker, Fritz, e. Oct. 25, 1861, disd. Nov. 1, 1861. 

Kliewe, S., e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Lang, Philip, e. Oct; 2i, 1862. 

Lucke, Henry, e. Oct. 25, 1861, captd., escaped and re- 
turned, disd. June 27, 1862. 

Marder, Leo, e, Oct. 25, 1861. 

Martin. John, e. Oct. 25, 1861, died at Mound City, 111. 

Moellers, Henry, e. Oct. 25, 1861, captd., escaped and re- 
turned, disd. June 27, 1862. 

Rohde, Frank, e. Oct. 25, 1861, captc"., escaped and re- 
turned, disd. Sept. 25, 1862. 

Bottman, Bernard, e. Oct. 25, 1861, captd., escaped and 
returned, disd. June 27, 1862. 

Sants, Robt., e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Saber, Joseph, e. Oct. 25, 1861, captd., escaped and re 
turned. 

Scharfe, August, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Schelland, C. F. A., e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Schneider, Philip, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Sohomacher, Jotin, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Shnbert, F. A., e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Selvereisen, Lewis, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Slange, Bernard, e. Oct. 25, 1861, captd., escaped, re- 
turned and disd. June 27, 1862. 

Soehteg, August, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Staufifer, Christian, e. Oct. 25, 1861, disd. Nov. 10, 1862, 
disab. 

Ticken, John, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Viox, Sebastian, e. Oct. 25, 1861, captd. and escaped, disd. 
Sept. 25, 1862, disab. 

Wagner. Prank, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Ward, Ben , e. Oct. 25, 1861, captd., escaped and re- 
turned. 

Werner, Chas., e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Wertz, Franz, e. Oct. 25, 1861, died at Ft. Heiman, Ky. 

Westphal, Wm., e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Wichard, Henry, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

Wagner, \Vm. H. 

Company H. 

Wiegard, Henry, e. Jan. 9, 1862. 
Weber, Nicholas, e. Jan. 9, 1862. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Dingman, John B., e. Dec. 30, 1863. 
Fosterling, Henry, e. Jan. 5. 1864. 
Hinkeu, B. H., e. Dec. 24, 1863. 
Johns, August, e. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Shier, John L., e. Dec. 30, 1863. 
Wigginjost, Frank, e. Dec. 30, 1863. 



FIFTH VETERAN CAVALRY. 
Company F. 

Q. M. S. Chat. Haenel, e. Sept 2, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Sergt. Chas. F. Simle, e. Sept. 12, 1861. 



584 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



Sergt. August Soechtig, e. Sept. 10, 1861. 

Corp. Casper Buschmeier, e. Sept. 6, 1861. 

Corp. Chas. Kothe, o. Sept. IS, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Corp. Frank Wagoner, e. Sept. 27, 1861. 

Corp. Henry Wieghard, e. Sept. 23, 1861. 

Corp. Chas. Werner, e. Sept. 4, 1861. 

Corp. August Scharfe, e. Sept. 23, 1861. 

Bugler Joseph Bendler, e. Sept. 23, 1861. 

Saddler John Shoemaker, e. Sept. 9, 1861. 

Baechle, Koman, e. Sept. 9, 1861. 

Dingman, J. B.. e. Dec. 30, 1863. 

Fricke, Christ., e. Sept. 6, 1861. 

Fosterling, Henry, e. Jan. 5, '64. 

Heiiken, Henry B., e. Dec. 24, 1863. 

Johns, August, e. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Kiel, Ferdinand, e. Feb. 29, 1864, died Nov. 16, 1864. 

Kliewe, Stephen, e. Sept. 22, 1864. 

Kummer, H. C, e. Sept. 1, 1864. 

Marder, Leo, e. Sept. 18, 1864. 

Nolle, Henry, e. Feb. 13, 1864. 

Silvereisen, Lewis, e. Sept. 5,1864, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Schier, John L., e. Dec. 30, 1864. 

Schols, Robert, e. Feb. 29, 1864. 

Santo, Bobert, e. Sept. 17, 1861. 

Salper, Jos., e. Sept. 17, 1861, 

Schowalter, Henrv, e. Sept. 24, 1861. 

Schubert, August F., e.Sept. IS, 1S61. 

Tieken, John, e. Oct. 3, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Ullrich, Aug., e. Sept. 23, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

"Wiggenjost, Frank, e. Dec. 30, 1863. 

Wagner, Wm. H.,'e. Nov. 28, 1861. 

Westphal, Wm., e. Sept. 9, 1861. 



EIGHTH CAVALRY. 

[Note. — This regimevt was 'mustered out at Maco-n, Ga., 
Aug. IS, 1865.] 

Company E. 

Capt. Eleazer B. Doane, com. 1st lieut. Sept. 30, 1863, 
prmtd. capt. Apr. 5, 1864, captd. at Newnan, Ga., hon. 
dis. July 15,1865. 

Sergt. Andrew J. Baker, e. June 15, 1863. 

Corp. Charles W. Smith, e. July 16, 1863. 

Corp. Lewis Eichards, e. July 16, 1863. 

Corp. Chas. L. Dorson, e. Aug. 10, 1863. 

Corp. J. F. Doan, e. June 15, 1863. 

Clark, I. J., e. July 4, 1863, captd. at Newnan, Ga. 

Clark, John, e. July 4, 1863. 

Childs, James D., e. June 24, 1863. 

Davis, John H., e. July 20, 1863. 

Laughery, Samuel C, e. July 27, 1863. 

Eye, Chas., e. July 25, 1863, captd. at Florence, Ala. 

Company M. 

Edmondson, Henry, e.Aug. 14, 1863. 
Heiser, Herman, e. Aug. 13, 1863. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Lewman, Geo. A., e. Nov. 25, 1864. 



NINTH CAVALRY. 

[Note. — This regimevt was mustered out at Little BocTc, Arlc., 
Feb. a, 1866.] 

Sergt. Maj. William A. Sullivan, e. Aug. 22, 1863, disd. 
Jan. 1, 186.5. 

Company G. 

Corp. Samuel C. Koons, e. Nov. 2, 1863. 
Trumpeter Hiram Maine, e. Sept. 19. 1863. 
Farrier Eichard Sharp, e. Sept. 30, 1863. 
Wagoner Eausem Eipple, e. Nov. 2, 1863. 
Bowman, Samuel, e. Aug. 13, 1863. 
Goss, J. W., e. Oct. 16, 1863. 
Hand, Herschel, e. Sept. 16, 1863. 
Kerr, Chas., e. Sept. 29, 1863. 
Kimbrougb, Andrew, e. Sept. 23, 1863. 
Maguire, Daniel, e. Oct. 21, 1863. 
Morrison, Geo. W., e. Sept. 23, 1863. 
Patterson, David, e. Sept. 30, 1863. 

Company H. 

Sergt. Marshall Anders, Sept. 28, 1863. 
Wagoner Geo. H. Moore, e. Oct. 20, 1863. 



Abbott, I. W., e. July 14, 1863. 

Davis, Joseph C, e. Sept. 19, 1863, died at Benton Bar- 
racks, Mo. 
Harbeson, W. A., e. Oct. 2, 1863. 
Luther, James, e. Oct. 1, 1863. 
Marsell, Joseph, e. Oct. 13, 1863. ■ 
Sperry, Eeuben, e. Sept. 29, 1863. 
Sample, Samuel J., e. Oct. 13, 1863, disd. July 20, 1S65, 

Company I. 

Moloy, E. H., e. Sept. 14, '63, died at Duvall's Bluff, Ark. 

Company M. 

Capt. John F. Parker, e. as 1st sergt., July 18, '63, prmtd. 

2d lieut. May 13, 1864, prmtd. Ist lieut. Sept. 26, 1864. 

prmtd. capt Oct. 15, 1865. 
First Lieut. Chas. P. Buckner, e. as sergt. Sept. 1, 1863 

(after serving in 7th Mo. Cav.), prmtd. 2d lieut. Sept- 

27, 1864, prmtd. 1st lieut. Oct. 15, 1865. • 
Sergt. James B. Moore, e. Aug. 25, 1863. 
Corp. Wm. F. Crocker, e. Aug. 7, 1863. 
Corp. Daniel S. Ocheltree, e. Oct.20,1863. 
Corp. John Yeager, e. Aug. 29, 1863. 
Farrier Alden Baker, e. Ana;. 29, 1863. 
Brown, Levi P., e. Aug. 31, 1863. 
Binford, I. B., e. Sept. 18, 1863. 
Cronin, A. J., e. Aug. 20, 1863, died at St. Louis. 
Childere, Noah, e. Aug. 20, 1863. 
Dust, David, e. Aug. 28, 1863. 
Davis, And. J., e.Aug. 29, 1863. " 

Ettein, David H., e. Oct. 1, 1863. 
Falkeuburg, Samuel, e. Aug. 29, 1863. 
Galligan, Michael, e. Aua. 29, 1863. 
Hand, S. K., e. Aug. 20, 1863. 
Harper, E., e. Oct. 13, 1863. 
Kocks, Ebbert, e. Aug. 28, 1863. 
Legrand, M., e. Aug. 28, 1863. 
Lucas, B., e. Aug. 2(1, 1863. 
Marsh, W. H., e. July 18, 1863. 
McCBusland, George, e. Aug. 3, 1863. 
Parnell, K. H., e. July 22, 1863. 
Pollard, Jsmes A., e. Aug. 21, 1863. 
Eude, Israel, e. Sept. 16. 1863. 
Smith, H. C, e. July 22, 1863. 
Sawyers, George T., e. Aua. 22, 1863, died at Little Eock, 

Ark. 
Soule, W. A., e. Aug. 19, 1863. 
Stephens, James E., e. Aug. 25, 1865, died at Duvall's 

Bluff. 
Schotte, Albert, e. Oct. 8, 1863. 
Seavers, A. J., e. Aug. 3, 1863. 

Seavers, John H., e. Oct. 26, 1863, died at Duvall's Bluff. 
Van Fossen, John, e. July 28, 1863. 
Wirsig, Adolph, e. Aug. 24, 1663. 
Wooster, John E., e. Oct. 26, 1863. 



FIRST INFANTRY (A. D.) 

[Note. — TMs regiment was mustered out at Duvall's Blu_ff 
Ark., Oct. 15, 1865.] 

Lieut. Col. Milton F. Collins, com. Oct. 11, 1863. 
Maj. John L. Murphy, com. Oct. 11, 1863. 
Adjt. Theo. W. Pratt, com. Oct. 11, 1863. 
Q. M. Wm. McQueen, com. Aug. 23, 1861. 
Surg. Freeman Knowles, com. Oct. 11, 1861. 

Company A. 

Corp. John H. Bandy, e Aug. 14, 1863. 

Corp. John Brown, e. Aug. 11, 1863. 

Wagoner Press Cary, Sept. 1, 1863, died at Keokuk. 

Berry Harvey, e. Sept. 1, 1863, died -at Benton Barracks, 

Mo. 
Brinkley, John, e. Aug. 15, 1863, died at Helena, Ark. 
Carter, Nathaniel, e. Sept. 1, 1863. 
Cox, Isaac, e. Aug. 17, 1863. 
Dunn, Ned, e. Aus. 15, 1863. 

Goss, Jordan, e. Aug. 17, 1863, drowned at Helena, Ark. 
Gates, Augustus, e. Aug. 17, 1863^. 
Smiley, Samuel, e. Sept. 7, 1863, died at Helena, Ark. 
Shelby, Nelson, e. Aug. 21, 1863. 
Turbin, Daniel, e. Sept. 7, 1863, died at Helena, Ark. 

Company B. 

Sergt. Henry Harris, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Sergt. Geo. W. Boosier, e. Aug. 28, 1863. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



585' 



Sergt. Geo. Hall, e. Aug. 26, 1863. 

Corp. Henry Mason, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 

Corp. A. A. Ham, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 

Corp. E. Swauson, e. Aug. 17, 1863. 

Corp. \Vm. Field, e. Aug. 15, 1863, disd. June 1, '65, disab. 

Corp. General Washington, e. Aug. 27, 1863. 

Corp. Samuel Meeks, e. Aug. 17, 1863. 

Drummer Wm. Adams, e. Aug. 17, 1863, died at Little 

Kock, Ark. 
Anderson, Henry, e. Aug. 17, 1863, died at Helena, Ark. 
' Bell, Geo., e. Aug. 17, 1863, disd. June 1, 1865, disab. 
Brown, Henry, e. Aug. 15, 1865. 
Carter, Benj., e. Aug. 13, 1863, died at Helena, Ark. 
Dishmore, Clark, e. Aug. 17, 1863, died at Helena, Ark. 
Green, Wayland, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Green, Ebsam, e. Aug. 15, 1863, died at Helena, Ark. 
Miller, 0., e. Aug. 17, 1S63. 

Kashey, Samuel, e. Aug. 15, 1863, died at Helena, Ark. 
Smith, Wm., e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Young, Geo., e. Aug. 15, 1S63, died at Little Rock, Ark. 

Company C. 

Capt. Eli Eamsey, e.as corp. Co. A 2d Inf., com. capt.Oct. 

11, 1863. 
First Sergt. Isaac N. Triplftt, e. Aug. 17, 1863. 
Sergt. Adam Patten, e. Aug. 18, 1863, died at Helena, Ark. 
Sei^t. Lewis Newman, e. Aug. 19, 1863. 
Corp. Wm. Stewart, e. Aug. 18, 1863. 
Corp. Jerry White, e. Aug. 15, 1S63. 

Corp. Lewis Triplett, e. Aug. 15, 1863, died Helena, Ark. 
Corp Stephen A. Douglas, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Alfred, James, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Combs, Henry, e. Aug. 15 1863. 
Coleman, Geo. W., e. Aug. IS, 1863. 

Dudley, James, e. Aug. 15, 1863, disd. April 6, 1864, disab. 
Gray, Sandy, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Jenkins, Samuel, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Johnson, Samuel, e. Aug. 15, 1863, died Helena, Ark. 
Johnson, Zachariah, e. Aug. 17, 1863. 
Lowe, James, e. Aug. 18, 1863, died at Keokuk. 
Myers, James, e. Aug. 26, 1863, died at Helena, Ark. 
Pierce, Hiram, e. Aug. 15, 1863, disd. June 22, '65, disab. 
Robinson, Taylor, e. Sept. 28, 1863. 
Kice, Alonzo, e. Aug. 19, 1863. 
Seymour, Jacob, e. Aug. 18, 1863. 

Smith, James, e. Aug. 15, 1863, drowned at Helena. Ark. 
Teems, Robert, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Thurman, Samuel, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Walter, Edw., e. Aug. 15, 1863, died at Helena, Ark. 
Wheeden, Wash, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Washington, John H., e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Williams, Jones, e. Aug. 15, 1863, died at Helena, Ark. 

Company D- 

Sergt. Thos. T. Williams, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 

Corp. Wm. H. Harrison, e. Aug. 20, 1863. 

Anthony, Williams, e. Sept. 14, 1863. 

Cooper, Wm., e. Aug. 17, 1863. 

Henry, Sherrod, e. Aug. 17, 1863, died Little Rock, Ark. 

Henry, Jackson, e. Aug. 17, 1863. 

Howard, Sidney, e Aug. 20, 1863. 

Thomas, John, e. Sept. 28, 1863, died at Helena, Ark. 

Weeden, Perry, e. Sept. 22, 1863. 

Webster, Samuel, e. Sept. 17, 1863. 

Winn, Robert, e. Srpt. 14, 1863. 

Webster, Jos., e. Aug. 19, 1863. 

Company E. 

Sergt. Jos. Newland, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Adams, Nathaniel, e. Aug. 13, 1863. 
Coleman, Geo. D., e. Aug. 25, 1863. 
Griffin, Craig, e. Aug. 14, 1863. 
Reed, Samuel, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Reed, Curry, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 

Company F. 

Capt. Henry C. Brown, e. as private, Co. K, 9th 111. CaT., 

com. capt. Oct. 11, 1863. 
Corp. George Green, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Corp George Welsh, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Brooks, Harvey, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Byman, Samuel, e. Aug. 12, 1863. 
Carter, Irwin, e. Aug. 25, 1863. 
Herrington, Samuel, e. Aug. 12, 1863. 
Jordan, Andrew, e. Aug. 21, 1863. 
Lewis, Raymond, e. Aug. 13, 1863. 
Lewis, Lafayette, e. Aug. 11, 1863. 



McCoy, Washington, e. Aug. 2 1, 1863. 
Weeden, Richard, e. Aug. 22, 1863. 
Weldon, Benj., e. Aug. 15, 1863. 

Company I. 

Second Lieut. Hugh Brady, com. Sept. 21, 1863. 
Sergt. London Triplett. e. Aug. 18, 1863. 
Corp. Manuel Achan, e. Aug. 17, 1863. 
McCutchen, Andrew, e. Oct. 24, 1863. 

" ENGINEER REGIMENT OF THK 
WEST." 

[Note. — Date of muster-oxU not given in Adjutant Gen- 
tral's Beport.] 

Company C. 

Savage, A. G., e. Sept. 16, 1861, prmtd. corp. 

Company D. 

Corp. Francis M. Craven, e. Aug. 2, 1861. 
Donnell, E. 0., e. Aug. 2, 1861, disd. July 26, 1863. 
Hess, Henry, e. Aug. 2, 1861. 

McGlashen, J»hn, e. Aug. 2,1861, disd. Oct. 22, 1862. 
Phelps, D.,e. Aug. 2, 1861, prmtd. sergt. 

Company I. 

Capt. Thaddeus J. Dean, com. Sept. 13, 1861, resd. April' 

12, 1862. 
First Lieut. Gustavus B. Brackett, com. Sept. 15, 1861, 

prmtd. capt. July 5, 1862. 
First Sergt. Jas. A. Shedd, e. Sept. 15, 1861, disd. Nov. 2, 

1862, disab. 

Sergt. Geo. W. Bristow, e. Sept. 15, 1861. 

Corp. Henry A. Hill, e. Sept. 15, 1861. 

Corp. Daniel Fisher, e. Sept. 15, 1861, prmtd. sergt. 

Corp. Geo. L. Taylor, e. Sept. 15, 1861, prmtd. sergt. 

Musician T. F. Whitmarsh, e. Sept. 15, 1861. 

Artificer John .^Itemus. e. Nov. 5, 1861. 

Artificer J. P. Brooks, e. Sept. 15, 1861. 

Artificer Robert Brown, e. Sept. 15, 1861. disd. Jan. 16,. 

1863, disab. 

Artificer Henry H. Oopp, e. Sept. 15, 1861. 

Artificer Henry Farnsworth, e. Sept. 16, 1861. 

Artificer Ellas McNeil, e. Sept. 15, 1861. 

Artificer James Morran, e. Sept. 13, 1861. 

Artificer Chas. F. Shedd, e. Sept. 15, 1861, disd. Oct. 14, 

1862, disab. 
Artificer Lucius Sperry, e. Sept. 15, 1861. 
Artificer Jas. S. Stanton, e. Sept. 16, 1861. 
Artificer John S. Starr, e. Sept. 16, 1861. 
Ainsworth, Lionel, e. Sept. 19, 1861. 
Copp, Chas. S., e. Sept. 15, 1861 
Cutler, Wm. L., e. Sept. 15, 1861, disd. Oct. 20, 1862. 
Orton, Wm. D., e. Sept. 15, 1861, died at Jackson, Teun. 
Simmons, Jas. B., e. Sept. 16, 1861, disd. May 18, 1862,. 

disab. 
Stroatsteffen, John, e. Sept. 13, 1861. 



SOUTHERN BORDER BRIGADE, 
FIRST BATTALION. 

[Note. — Casualties and muster-out of this brigade not 
given in the Adjutant's General's Report.'] 



Company A. 



Capt William Sole, com. Oct. 17, 1862, dismissed Dec. 29,. 

1862. 
First Lieut. Wells Brown, com. Oct. 17, 1862, resd. 
Com. Sergt. William Dolling, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Bugler F. Mallucks, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Anthony, Wm., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Allen, Jas. S., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Bukin, Wm., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Black, H. M., e. Oct. 17. 1862. 
Batten, John, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Bishop, Samuel, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Ohidester, S. D., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Crocker, Wm. F., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Carr, J. T., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Dorman, Jas., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Fannacohle, C, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Goben, J. B., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Guytom, John, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Gardner, Wm., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 



-586 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



Hough, James, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Hayes, Joshua, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Hanson, Eeuben, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Hancock, J. W., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Hinkle, Wm., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Jones, Sam'l E., e. Oct. 17, 1862. - 
Johnson, Christ, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Johnson, Jno. G., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Miller, Geo., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Kellogg, Newton, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Miller, D. D., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
McPherson, 0. H., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Parsons, Chas., e. Oct. L7, 1862. 
Pierce, S. T., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Paddock, J., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
JElaines, Geo! \V., e. Oct. 17,1862. 
KuiQbough, A. H., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
iSanders, John, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Swinder, G., e. Oct. 17, 1862 
Starr, Perley, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Spurgeon, L. D., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Underwood, John, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Wood, Sam'l H., e. Oct 17, 1862. 
Williams, Henry, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Wickersham, Thos., e. Oct. 17, 1862. 



SEVENTH MISSOURI INFANTRY.^ 

Jjieut. Col. Jesse H. Holmes, com. capt. Co. F June 1, 

1861, prmtd. lieut. col. Sept. 25, 1861. 
<Oapt. Wm. B. Collins, e. as 1st lieut. June 1, 1861, prmtd. 

capt. Nov. 17, 1S61. 
JFirst Sergt. John H. Schooley, e. June 1, 1861, prmtd. 2d 

lieut. Co. K March 1, 1862. 
Sergt. Andrew N. Springer, e. June 1, 1861. 
Sergt. Josiah S. Booth by, e. June 1, 1861. 
Sergt. Daniel W. McBride, e. June 1, 1861, prmtd. 2d 

lieut. Oct. 20, 1862. 
Sergt. Waldron Scott, e. June 1, 1861. 
Corp. Edwin C. Graham, e. June 1, 1861. 
Corp. Wm. Williams, e'. June 1, 1861, disd. July 15, 1861. 
Corp. John McNallie, e. June 1, 1861. 
Corp. John W. Hyde, e. June 1, 1861, died St. Louis. 
Musician Kalph Adams, e. June 1, 1861. 
Musician D. VV. Browell, e. June 1, 1862. 
Burt, Hugh, e. June 1, 1861. 
Calder, Wm. A., e. June 1, 1861. 

Cameron, John H., e. June 1, 1861, disd. March 23, 1862. 
Chapman, James, e. June 1, 1861. 
Clayton, Thos., e. June 1, 1861. 
Cooper, Nathan, e. June 1, 1861. 
Daveron, Michael, e. June 1, 1861. 
Elliott, David S., e. June 1, 1861, disd. Aug. 7, 1861. 
Enright, M., e. June 1, 1861. 

Flavell, K. H., e. June 1, 1861. wd., disd. Aug. 8, 1862. 
Grey, F. F., e. June 1, 1861. 

Hall, Henry C, e. June 1, 1861, disd. April 21, 1862. 
Hanlbrd, T. E., e. June 1, 1861. 
Hart, James, e. June 1, 1861, died Aug. 18, 1861. 
Hartley, Eobt , e. June 1. 1861. 
Hurlbut, R. E., e. June 1, 1861. 
Johnstone, W. D., e. June 1, 1861. 
King, James, e. June 1, 1861. 
McCarty, Dennis, e. June 1, 1861. 
Morris, Geo., e. June 1, 1861. 
O'Neil, Henry, e. June 1, 1861. 

Kambow, Daniel, e. June 1, 1861, died Sept. 15, 1861. 
Riffle, Geo., e. June 1, 1861. 
Boach, Richard, e. June 1, 1861. 
Raver, John, e. June 1, 1861. 
Smith, Jacob, e. June 1, 1861. 
Welch, Geo. W., e. June 1, 1861. 
Westfalt, Thos. F., e. June 1, 1861. 
Wise, David, e. June 1, 1861, disd. Oct., 1861. 



EIGHTH MISSO.URI INFANTRY. 

Wilson, Shelby, e. June 2, 1861, disd. May 22, 1863. 

Musician Eli Jacquin, e. July 24, 1861. 

Musician Louis Jacquin, e. July 24, 1861. 

Casey, John, e. June 29, 1861. 

Flanigan, Dennis, e. July 24, 1861, wd. Arkansas Post. 

Funcheon, Pierce, e. June 29, 1861. 

Harris, Isaac, e. June 29, 1861. 

Redden, John N., e. June 29, 1861. 

Tinans, Hartin, e. July 24, 1861, died May 30, 1863. 

Winans, Alex, e. July 24, 1861. 



TENTH MISSOURI INFANTRY. 

Lutman, Geo. W., e. July 15, 1861, prmtd. sergt. 
Ryan, Michael, e. July 15, 1861, died June 27, 1863, wd. 
Captain D. C. Dougherty, com. July 25, 1861. 
Drummer Alex Dougherty, e. July 25, 1861. 
Fox, Jno. M., e. Aug. 17, 1861. 
McCoy, Vinton, e. July 25, 1861, prmtd. sergt. 
Marmaduke, Thos., e. July 25, 1861. 
Norris, Patrick or John, e. Sept. 17, 1861. 
Smith, Peter, e. July 15, 1861. 

Staunton, Wm., e. Sept. 24. 1861, wd. at Corinth and sup- 
posed to be dead. 
Sweaney, Adam, e. July 15, 1861, died at Mound City, HI. 
Sayle, Henry, e. July 13, 1861. 



FIFTEENTH MISSOURI INFANTRY 

Capt. John G. Reis, com. July 10, 1861, resd. May 9, '62, 
First Lieut. Joseph Ebner, com. July 10, 1861, resd. Jan. 

18, 1862. 
Second Lieut. John Bringartner, com. July 10, 1861, 

prmtd. capt. May 10, 1862, resd. March 26, 1863. 
First Sergt Ferdinand Schuler, e. July 12, 1861. 
Sergt. Fritz Hartman, e. July 12, 1861. 
Sergt. Joseph Klein, e. July 12, 1861, died Jefferson City. 
Sergt. F. Eoonmel, e. Sept. 20, 1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. June 

1, 1862. 
Corp. Jcis. Zimmerman, e. July 12, 1861, captd. at Stoue 

River, paroled and disd. 
Corp. Chas. Wuestrow, e. July 12, 1861. 
Corp. Wm. Heintz, e. July 19, 1861. 
Corp. M.C. Froehliger, e. July 12, 1861. 
Corp. Jacob Kempler, e. July 12, 1861. 
Barmeuler, Louis, e. July 12, 1861, wd. Stone River, disd. 

May 18, 1863. 
Bauer, Frank, e. July 12, 1861. 
Groeger, August, e. July 12, 1861. 
Gruenschlagg, Philip, e. Sept. 12, 1861, prmtd. sergt. 
Helfrich, Benj., e. July 19, 1S61, accidentally drowned at 

Corinth. 
Helfrich, Jos., e. July 19, 1861. 
Eitts, Wm., e. July i2, 1861. 
Hoefer. Wm., e. July 12, 1861. 
Kehl, Valentine, e. July 19, 1861. 
Kemler, Martin, e. Sept. 4, 1861, prmtd. sergt., wd. and 

missing Chickamauga. 
Kesserling, Michael, e. July 12, 1861. 
Kramer, K. W., e. Sept. 31, 1861, disd. Oct. 20, 1862. 
Kurz, Geo., e. July 12, 1861. 
List, Philip, e. July 12, 1861. 
Mathew, Frank, e. July 12, 1861, prmtd. sergt. 
Nagel, Andreas, e. Sept. 12, 1861, disd. July 23, '62, disab. 
Orth, Anton, e. July 18, 1861, accidentally drowned at 

Corinth. 
Roese, Chas., e. July 12, 1861, disd. July 3, 1862, disab. 
Rudi, George, e. July 12, 1861. 
Sauer, Peter, e. Sept. 11, 1861. 
Schuler, Leopold, e. Oct. 1, 1861, accidentally drowned at 

Corinth. 
Schwendinger, S., e. July 12, 1861, disd. Aug. 23, 1862, 

disab. 
Schwite, F., e. July 12, 1861. 

Seib, Jacob, e. July 12, 1861, disd. June 27, 1862, disab. 
Spring, Martin, e. July 12, 1861. 
Steller, Wm., e. July 12, 1861. 
Trautweller, Geo., e. July 12, 1861. 
Wenzing, Thos. J., e. July 12, 1861. 
Zimbrich, John, e. July 19, 1861. 
Zimmerman, John, e. Julj' 19, 1861. 



TWENTY-FIRST MISSOURI 
FANTRY. 



IN- 



Stutenburg, Frank, e. Dec. 1, 1861. 

Thomas, John, e. Jan. 20, 1862, died Hannibal, Mo. 

Bruce, John, e. Aug. 20, 1861, apptd. musician. 

Fisher, Alex., e. Aug. 20, 1861, appointed musician. 

Harlan, A. W., e. July 20, 1861, prmtd. com. sergt. 

Payden, Nathaniel, e. Aug. 20, 1861. 

Payden, Harden, e. Jan. 1, 1862. 

Starr, Loring, e. Aug. 20, 1861. 

Worster. H. J., e. Nov. 15, 1861. 

Second Lieut. Robert R. Harris, e. as sergt. July 15, 1861, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. Dec. 31, 18G2. 
Sergt. Richard B. Lane, e. July 15, 1861. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



587 



Sergt J. N. Whetstone, e. July 15, 1861. 

Corp. A. L. Harper, e. July 12, 1861. 

Corp. Henry A. Bloomfield, e. July 12, 1861, disd. Aug. 

16, 1862, disab. 
•Corp. Isaac Roberts, e. June 15, 1861, died at Quincy, 111., 

in March, 1862. 
Alvis, E. H., e. July 12, 1861. 
AlTis, H. J., e. Juiy 12, 1861. 
Beckwith, Nathan, e. Aug. 1, 1861. 
Cawood, John C, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 
<31essner, Jacob, e. July 12, 1861. 
Lees, Samuel, e. June 15, ,1861. 
Longcor, Geo. N., e. June 15, 1861. 
■Sapp, Samuel, e. July 12, 1861, disd. in Feb., 1862. 
Stroud, e. July 12, 1861. 
Westfall, John M., e. July 15, 1861. 
Corp. B. B. Walkitt, e. Sept. 4, 1861. 
Cofl'man, Geo., e. Sept. 20, 1861. 

Gallup, D. C, e. July 5, 1861, disd. Aug. 21, 1862, disab. 
Smith, Ja.s., e. Sept. 1, 1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. 
Green, Arthur, e. June 18, 1861. 
Sinclair, James M., e. Sept. 1, 1861. 
Smith, John, e. Aug. 28, 1861. 
Stine, Jacob, e. Jan. 28, 1861. 



SEVENTH MISSOURI CAVALRY. 

Chief Bugler Chas. W. DeWolf, e. Sept. 28, 1861, ap- 
pointed 1st lieut. Co. E. 
Corp. \Vm. N. McCreary, e. Aug. 9, 1861. 
Brown, E. D., e. Aug. 9. 1861. 
Bankston, John W., e. Oct. 28, 1861, captd. and paroled at 

Lone Jack. 
Burns, John W., e. Aug. 9, 1861, prmtd. corp. 
Burns, \Vm. E., e. Aug. 9, 1861, prmtd. corp. 
McCrary, Jos., e. Aug. 9, 1861. 
Manin, Wm. M., e. Sept. 10, 1861. 
Wilson, AVni. H., e. Aug. 9,1861. 
Sergt. Chas. Horner, e. Sept. 17, 1861. 
Wagoner Edw. Merriman, e. Oct. 25, 1861, disd. Oct. 25, 

1862. 
Batley, James, e. Oct. 11, 1861, disd. April 5, 1863. 
Bias, Francis, e. Sept. 10, 1861. 
Black, John W., e. Sept. 24, 1861, prmtd. corp. 
Bloomfield. H. A., e. Oct. 8, 1861. 
Emerson, Geo. H., e. Sept. 17, 1861, kid. April 9, 1862. 
-Geeslin, John W., e. Feb. 5, 1862. 
.Tones, Rufus, e. Oct. 7, 1861. 

Jones, Thomas, e. Oct. 7, 1861, disd. Sept. 17, 1862. 
Mathenv, D. N , e. Sept. 21, 1861, prmtd. musician. 
Ochiltree, D. L., e. Oct. 11, 1861. disd. Sept. 17, 1862. 
Spellman, 0. M., e. Aug. 15, 1862, prmtd. corp. 
St. Clair, Jas. M., e. Aug. 22, 1861, disd. Oct. 12, 1861. 
Atlee, Henry, e. Sept. 23, 1861, m. o. Aug. 29, 1862. 
. Householder, Alvin, e. Sept. 20, 1861, kid. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Jordan, Francis, e. Sept. 9, 1861, disd. May, 1862, disab. 
Matteer, Francis, e. Sept 9, 1861, m. o. Sept, 19, 1862. 
Mattree, Wm., e. Sept. 9, 1861, kid. Aug, 11, 1862. 
Poehler, Jos., e. Sept. 22, 1861. 
Farrier Lloyd B. Goll, e. Oct. 21, 1861, disd. Oct. 15, 1862, 

disab. 
Wagoner John H. Goll, e. Oct. 21, 1861, disd June 16, 

1863. 
Wagoner M. S. Goll, e. Nov. 7, 1861, disd. June 8, 1863. 
Goll, E. G., e. Nov. 7, 1861, disd. May 29, 1862, disab. 
Goll, Wm. A. e. Nov. 7, 1861. 
Mason, John, e. Nov. 22, 1861, kid. by accident Hudson 

City. 
Sartwell, Charles, e. Nov. 22, 1861, disd. May 29, 1862, 

disab. 
Ashbaum, Peter, e. Sept. 28, 1861. 
Randolph, D. N., e. March 6, 1862, disd. Nov. 6, 1862, 

disab. 
Randolph, F. M., e. March 6, 1862, prmtd. corp. 



SECOND CAVALRY M. S. M. 

Gammon, Samuel, April 10, 1862. 
Com. Sergt. Geo. F. Harris, e. Feb. 4, 1862. 
Sergt. L. B. Starbuck, March 25, 1862. 
Sergt. Wm. Barron, e. Feb. 12, 1862. 
Corp. John M. Eaton, e. Feb. 4. 1862. 
Bloomfield, C. N., e. Feb. 12, 1862. 
Irwin, I. T., e. Feb. 28, 1862. 
Irelan, Jos., e. Feb. 1, 1862. 
Kelley, Wm. L., e. March 6, 1862. 
Koons, Samuel C, e. April 1, 1863. 



Koons, Wm. M., e. April 6, 1862. 
Prior, Franklin, e. Jan. 25, 1862. 
Whetstone, F., e. Feb. 10, 1862. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 
Third Infantry. 

Snook, John M., e. Nov. 4, 1861, died June 5, 1862. 

Fifth Infantry. 

Col. Wm. H. Worthington, com. July 15, 1861, shot by 

picket by mistake near Corinth, May 22, 1862, while 

acting as general officer of the day. 
Adjt. Robert F. Patterson, com. Q. M. July, 1861, prmtd. 

adjt. Jan. 27, 1862, lieut. col. 29th Inf. Nov. 3, 1862. 
Chaplain Addison B. Medeira, com. July 15. 1861, read. 

Jan. 15, 1862. 
First Lieut. Samuel S. Sample, e. as private, prmtd. Ist 

lieut. Feb. 1. 1862, wd. at luka, prmtd. capt. U. S. Sig. 

Corps March 3, 1863, declined appt., m. o. July 30, 

1864, term expired 

Eighth Infantry. 

Surg. Aug. W. Hoffnieister, com. asst. surg. Feb. 1, 1862, 

prmtd. surg. April 27, 1862, resd. Aug. 27, 1864. 
Walker, S. A., e. Aug. 15. 1861, wd. at Shiloh, disd. Oct. 

31, 1862. 
Corp. Alonzo Rich, e. Aug. 10, 1861, m o. April 20, '66. 
Corp. Peter L. Eckley, e. Aug. 10, '61, wd. at Corinth, m. o. 

April 20, '66. 
Corp. John W. Ward, e. Aug. 10, 1861, prmtd. to 2d lieut., 

m. o. April 20, 1866. 
Holland, Wm. M., e. Aug. 10, 1861, disd. April 26, 1862, 

disab. 
Musn. Robert L. Turner, e. Aug. 12, 1861, m. o. April 20, 

1866. 
Coriell, Horace, e. Aug. 12, 1S61, wd. at Corinth, m. o. 

April 20, 1866. 
Smith, Frederick, e. Aug. 12, 1861, wd. at Corinth, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864, m. o. April 2(), 1866. 
Turner, Asa, e. Aug. 12, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864, m. o. April 20, 1866. 
Turner, Robert L., e. Aug. 12, 1861, promtd. musin., ve t 

Jan. 1, 1864. 

Ninth Infantry. 

Daniel, A. L., e. Nov. 11, 1864, m. o. July 18, 1865. 
Emmuth, Geo. W., e. Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. July 18, 1865. 
Haskett, Eli, e. Nov. 5, 1864, m. o. July 18, 1865. 
Jones, Edw. P., e. Nov. 10, 1864, m. o. July 18, 1865. 
Jones, John, e. Nov. 13, 1864, m. o. July 18, 1865. 
Kirchnor, Henry, e. Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. July 18, 1865. 
Norton, John W., e. Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. July 18, 1865. 
Painter, Robert M., e. Nov. 4, 1864, m. o. July 18, 1865. 
Pieper, Jos., e. Nov. 16, 1864, ra. o. July 18, 1865. 
Rose, Jos., e. Nov. 4, 1864, m. o. July 18, 1865. 
Rudd, Harvey, e. Nov. 1, 1864. 

Tenth Infantry. 

Lee, Everett, e. July 18, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 

Twelfth Infantry. 

I Llghtfoot, John, e. Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. Jan. 20, 1866. 
Sullivan, John, Dec. 24, 1864, m. o. Jan. 20, 1866. 
Schneider, Wm., e. Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. Jan. 20, 1866. 

! Thirteenth infantry. 

I Surg. Moses W. Thomas, com. Nov. 24, 1862, m. o. July 
I o-i "1355 

Applegate, Benj. F., e. Oct. 24, 186i, m. o. July 21, 1865. 

Bell, John, e. Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 

Baker, John, e. Nov. 1, i864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 

Case, Homer A., e. Oct. 26, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 

Cale, C, e. Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 

Cook, T„ e. Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 

Hatton, Timothy, e. Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 

Hill, E., e. Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 
I Jones, James K., e. Nov. 3, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 
, Mons, J., e. Oct. 29, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 
1 Marshall, Cyrus, e. Nov. 22, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 
I McCorkle, Robert, e. Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865.. 

Reed, Samuel, e .Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 
' Eudd, J. A., e. Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 
: Smith, Daniel, e. Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 



588 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



Sater, John, e. Nov. 10, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 
South, John Z., e. Nov. 10, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 
Slasher, Jos., e. Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 
Walters, J. C, e. Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 
Wright, Edw., e. Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 
■Whorton, Wm. H., e. Oct. 24, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 

Eighteenth Infantry. 

Dahl, Chas , e. July 20, 1862, m. o. July 20, 1865. 

Twenty-third Infantry. 

Derrickson, Chas, W., e. Jan. 4, 1864, m. o. July 26, 1865. 
Marshall, Robert H., e. Jan. 5, 1864, m. o. July 26, 1865. 
Wright, Austin N., e. Jan. 5, 1864, m. o. July 26, 1865. 
Tharp, Thomas, e. Sept. 1, 1864, m. o. July 26, 1865. 

Twenty-eighth Infantry. 

Dodd, John M., e. Aug. 28, 1864, m. o. July 31, 1865. 

Twenty-ninth Infantry. 

Lieut. Col. Robert F. Patterson, com. Nov. 3, 1862, brevet 
col. U. S. Vol. March 26,1865. 

Thirty-sixth Infantry. 

McFarland, James, e. Nov. 15, 1862, m. o. Aug. 24, 1865. 

Forty-Fourth Infantry. 

Snively, Jacob H., e. May 18, 1864, m. o. Sept. 15, 1864. 

Second Cavalry. 

Capt. Samuel Gilbert, com. 1st lieut. Co. K 1861, prmtd. 

bat. Q. M. Dec. 1, 1861, m. o. April 26, 1862, capt. of 

this Co. May 1, 1862. 
Sutter, B., e. Oct. 14, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, m.o. Sept. 19, 

1865. 
Voss John G., e. Nov. 4, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, m. o. Sept. 

Corp. Alex. K. Heck, e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet. March 1, 1864 

kid. Dec. 17, 1864, at Franklin, Tenn. 
Henesay, Patrick, e. Aug. 24, 1861, vet. March 1, 1864, m 

o. Sept. 19, 1865. 
Meyers, Geo. E., e. Aug. 21, 1861, disd. Sept. 8,1862, disab. 
Smith, Wilham, e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. March 1, 1864 wd 

m. o. Sept. 19, 1865. ' '' 

Stilhvell, Samuel, e. Aug. 12, 1861, vet. March 1, 1864, m 

o. Sept. 19, 1865. 
Wilkins, Charles, e. Aug. 13, 1861, vet. March 1 1864 

m. o. Sept. 19, 1865. 
Wood, Edw., e. Oct. 4, 1861, died at St. Louis, Mo. 

Sixth Cavalry. 

Ad.it. Rufus L. Miller, com. Oct. 21, 1862, resd. Feb 11 
1864. ■ ' 

Evans, Augustus, e. Oct. 1, 1862, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865 
Dudley, Jas. P., e. Jan. 2, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17 1865 
May, Tobias, e. Dec. 26, 1863, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865 
West, William, e. Jan. 5, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865 



Seventh Cavalry. 



Votaw, Levi, e. July 2, 1863, m. o. May 17, 1866 
Kodgers, Thomas, e. Sept. 18, 1861, vet. Feb. 28 1864 m 
o. June 22, 1866. ' " 

Brown, Charles, e. Sept. 2, 1864, m. o. June 22, 1866 
Davis, F., e. Aug. 24, 1864, m. o. June 22, 1866 
Gilbreath, F., e. Aug. 26, 1864, m. o. June 22 1866 
Richards, Aug., e. Sept. 7, 1864, m. o. June 22, 1866. 

First Battery Light Artillery. 

Sergt. Joseph Ballinger, e. Aug. 17, 1862, m. o July 5 
1865. •' ' 

Bitner, Frank, m. o. July 5, 1865. 

Third Battery Light Artillery. 

Jr. First Lieut. Wm. H. Gilford, e. as corp., prmtd. jr. 2d 
lieut. Nov. 15, 1864, prmtd. jr. 1st lieut. Jan. 19, 1865. 
McDermott, Wm. P., e. April 30, 1864, m. o. Oct. 3, 1865. 

Fourth Battery Light Artillery. 

Corp. James S. Alexander, e. Aug. 20, 1863, m. o Julv 
14, 1865. . 6 > , 'y 

Beach, Geo. M., e. Aug. 11, 1863, m. o. July 14, 1866. 



Cullum, Wm. C, e July 23, 1863, m. o. July 14, 1865 
Harlan, Alex., e. Aug. 25, 1863, m. o. July 14, 1865. 
Hicks, Chas. F., e. Aug. 17, 1863, m. o. July 14, 18B5. 
Hutchinson, Jas., e. Aug. 14, 1863, m. o. July 14, 18C5. 
Rudd, David F., e. Nov. 11, 1864, m. o. July 14, 1865. 

Fourteenth Illinois Infantry. 

Distel, John, e. May 25, 1861. 
Martin, Albert, e. May 25, 1861. 

Sixteenth Illinois Infantry. 

Woodmanse. Daniel, e. May 24, 1861, disd. April 20, 1862; 
Applegate, A., e. May 24, 1861, m. o. July 8, 1865. 
Gary, M. R., e. May 24, 1861. 

Shaw, Samuel, e. June 20, 1861, kid. Bentonville, N. C. 
Torke, James, e. May 24, 1861, m. o. July 8, 1865. 

Seventeenth Illinois Infantry. 

Richardson, L. C, e. May 25, 1861. 

Twenty-seventh Illinois Infantry. 

Long, Charles, e. Sept. 12, 1861. 
Adams, Henry L., e. Aug. 26, 1861. 

Thirty-third Illinois Infantry. 

Strope, Joseph, e. Dec. 30, 1861, disd. Dec. 31, 1864, term 

expired. 
Johnson, Reuben, e. Aug. 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, m. o. 

Nov. 24, 1865. 

Fiftieth Illinois Infantry. 

Davis, Wash., e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet., m. o. July 13, 1865. 
Feehen, John, e. Sept. 12, 1861, m. o. Sept. 27, 1864. 
Gleason,, Maurice, e. Sept. 12, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, m. 

o. July 13, 1865. 
Winn, Peter, e. Oct. 6, 1861, m. o. Oct. 30, 1864. 
Harding, Jos., e. Aug. 18, 1861, disd. April 6, 1862. 

Sixty-sixth Illinois Infantry. 

Beyer, Lewis, e. Sept. 19, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863, m. o.. 

July 7, 1865. 
Everet, Carl, e. Sept. 19, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863, m. o. 

July 7, 1865. 
Halfman, Louis, e. Sept. 19, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863, m. o. 

July 7, 1865. 
Meyer, Wm., e. Sept. 17, 1861, died May 22, 1862. 
Newmaster, G., e. Sept. 19, 1861, disd. July 29, 1862. 
Quinneas, Louis, e. Sept. 19, 1861, as sergt., disd. Sept. 

22, 1864. 
Shiller, Carl. e. Sept. 19, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1868, m. o. 

July 7, 1865. 
Shottel, Carl, e. Sept. 12, 1861, vet. Dec. 24, 1863, m. o. 

July 7, 1865, as corp. 
Laplant, Peter, e. Oct. 13, 1861, vet. Dec. 23, 1863. 

Ninetieth Illinois infantry. 

Donnelly, Peter, e. March 29, 1864. 

One Hundred and Fifteenth Illinois 
Infantry. 

Sergt. Barlow Espy, e. Aug. 8, 1862. 



Second Illinois Cavalry. 

Snowdon, Chris., e. March 26, 1864. 
Bullard, Wm. R., e. March 26, 1864. 

Eleventh Illinois Cavalry. 

Gegger, Eli, e Dec. 26, 1861, died Vicksburg. 

First Illinois Artillery. 

Lynch, Alex., e. March 1, 1862, prmtd. capt. in Ist Tenn. 
Inf. 

Tenth Kansas infantry. 

Sewell, M. V. B., e. Aug. 5, 1861. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



589 



Sixteenth Wisconsin Infantry. 

•Smith, Jacob, e. Feb. 4, 1863. 

Sixtieth U. 8. Volunteers. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

■Smith, George, e. Aug. 18, 1864. 
Smith, Samuel, e. Aug. 23, 1864. 



First Missouri Cavalry. 

Wright, Benjamin M., e. Aug. 1, 1861, accidentally killed 
March 1, 1862. 

First Nebraska Cavalry. 

Daria, Isaac, e. Oct. 27, 1861. 



Many of the brave volunteers represented by the names herein quoted sleep 
the sleep that knows no waking, in unmarked graves ; but their memories live 
in grateful hearts. The war ended, and peace restored, those of them who were 
spared to see the army of the Union victorious returned to their homes to 
receive grand ovations and tributes of honor from friends and neighbors who 
had eagerly and zealously followed them wherever the fortunes of war called. 
Exchanging their soldiers' uniforms for citizens' dress, most of them fell back 
to their old avocations — on the farm, at the forge, the bench, in the shop, and 
at whatever else their hands found to do. Brave men are honorable always, 
and no class of citizens are entitled to greater respect than the volunteer soldiery 
of Lee County, not alone because they were soldiers, but because in their asso- 
ciations with their fellow-men their walk is upright and their character and 
ionesty without reproach. 

" Their country first, their glory and their pride ; 
Land of their hopes — land where their fathers died ; 
When in the right, they'll keep their honor bright; 
When in the wrong, they'll die to set it right." 



FORT MADISON. 

The city of Fort Madison derives its name from the fort and trading-place 
of that name. It has been maintained by some that the fort was built by the 
late President Taylor, while he was a Lieutenant in the regular army, but this 
claim being subject to controversy, the writer addressed a letter of inquiry to 
the Secretary of War, Greorge W. McCrary, who wrote in reply : 

War Department, Washington City, February 19, 1879. 
Sir : In reply to your letter of the 14th of December, 1878, making inquiries in regard to 
certain abandoned forts, I would respectfully state that the following report of the Adjutant 
General contains all of the information desired that the Department is able to furnish : 
" Fort Madison, Iowa, erected by Lieut. Z. M. Pike, 1st Infantry, in 1805. 
" Fort Des Moines, Iowa, established September 25, 1834, by Lieut. Col. Kearney, Dragoons. 
"Fort Edwards, Illinois, established 1814. First return on file, March, 1822, Bvt. Maj. 
-M. Marston, 5th Infantry, commanding. Abandoned .July, 1824." 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

G. W. McCrary, Secretary of War. 

The name Madison is believed to have been given in honor of James Mad- 
ison, at that time a prominent politician, and afterward President of the United 
States. The name was particularly applied to the fort, while the trading-house 
-was called Le Maine Factor^/. Col. John W. Johnson was the first factor. 
His first shipment of merchandise was received August 23, 1808. It came 
from Belle Fontaine Factory, and was invoiced at $14,715.99. These goods 
were exchanged with the Indians for skins, furs, etc., which at that early day 
brought small prices compared with the present. March 28, 1809, Col. Johnson 
credits the factory with peltries, etc., as follows: 

By 710 lbs beaver, (w, $2 ^ ft..... |1,420 00 

By 1,353 muskrat-skins, @, 25c 338 25 

By 3,585 raccoon-skins, @ 25c 896 25 

By 25,021 lbs shaved deerskins 6,255 25 



590 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

By 3,000 lbs do in the hair |601 20 

By 20 bearskins, 1st quality 30 00 

By 44 do 2d do 44 00 

By 176 otter-skins, @ |2 352 00' 

By 100 lbs beeswax. @ 20c • 20 00 

By 968 lbs tallow, @, 12Jc , 121 00 

A letter of Col. Johnson, factor at Fort Madison, to Gen. Mason, Superin- 
tendent of Indian Trade, dated September 16, 1812, communicates a report of 
loss sustained at that post, as follows : 

Sixty packs of peltries, lost by burning the factory building, estimated 

at 180^ pack |1,800 00 

One hundred and twenty beax'skins burned in factory 120 00 

Other articles lost in the building estimated at 250 00 

Amount of buildings burnt, cost 3,330 00 

Total 15,500 00 

The building of Fort Madison was regarded by the Indians as a violation, 
of the treaty of 1804, and, soon after it was erected, Black Hawk, with a, 
party of warriors, undertook to destroy it, but failed. After this failure, the 
Indians undertook to accomplish by treachery what they had failed to do by 
force. For this purpose, small parties frequently came to the fort under the 
guise of friendship, and a few of their number, leaving all their arms without, 
would go within the stockade and engage in dancing for the amusement of the 
soldiers. Some of them, evincing great friendship, and being well known, 
were admitted at any time without scruple. Among this number was the 
shrewd old chief, Quash-a-qua-ma, who, by his duplicity, soon won the confi- 
dence of the officers. Thinking that he had got the officers off their guard, he: 
laid plans for taking the fort. 

One day, several hundred Indians, evincing their usual friendship, 
camped near by. The old chief and others paid their respects to the officers, 
and proposed to amuse them in the evening with grand dances, before the prin- 
cipal gate. Preparations were made for the sport, and as soon as it was dark, 
a large number of Indians, in their dancing costumes, appeared before the gate 
and commenced their amusements. About this time, a young squaw, to whom 
one of the officers had paid his amours, came into the quarters, apparently in 
greatest distress. He asked the cause of her sadness, when she told him the 
Indians, under pretense of a dance for the amusement of the soldiers, had 
taken this plan to divert the attention of the officers, and when they were not 
suspected of any hostile intentions, intended to attack and destroy the gar- 
rison. 

Upon obtaining this information, the commander immediately caused a six- 
pounder, loaded with grape-shot, to be secretly brought to bear on the entrance 
to the stockade. A sentinel was placed at the gate, with the strictest orders to 
not let more than one person enter at a time, and if more attempted, at once 
to bar the gate. Quash-a-qua-ma and a number of braves were soon within 
the stockade, while the dancing went on with increasing interest without. At 
length, all the dancers, in one of their turns, made a rush for the gate. At 
this critical moment, the Captain, who had carefully watched their movements, 
caused the cannon to be unmasked, which was presented to the full view of the 
Indians, with a soldier standing with a match in his hand, ready to touch it off 
at a command. 

As soon as the cannon was unmasked, the Captain called the attention of 
the old chief to his perilous condition, and, at the same time, charged him with. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 591 

treachery. When the Indians saw their danger, they retreated more hastily 
than they had advanced. The old chief was fortunate enough to make his 
escape, but several of his braves were captured, and concealed about their per- 
sons were found their implements of war. They confessed to the plot, and 
expected to suffer the penalty of death for their rash act ; but after a short 
imprisonment, the commander of the post first admonishing them that if another 
attempt of the kind was made they would receive the severest punishment, set 
them at liberty. 

From this time until 1811, the Indians showed no acts of hostility and sel- 
dom visited the garrison, but when they met with any of the soldiers away from 
the fort, treated them with the greatest kindness. 

A short time after the declaration of war with Great Britain, a large body 
of Indians again made an attack upon the fort, and for several days kept up an 
incessant fire, and thus laid siege to the works. The sutler's store was located 
without the stockade, and near one of the blockhouses. A few of the Indians 
got behind this building, and from which location they fired into the port-holes 
of the blockhouse near to it and wounded two or three soldiers. It became 
evident to the garrison that the Indians were preparing to set fire to this store- 
house when the wind became favorable for carrying the flames into the fort,, 
and it was determined to counteract them if possible. Fortune favored the sol- 
diers on the following night with a stiff breeze, in the right direction, and, 
under cover of darkness, a soldier crept out and successfully applied the torch, 
and in a few moments the storehouse was a smoldering ruin, and the fort 
unharmed. 

This frustrated the plans of the enemy, and they now changed their mode 
of operations, and, protecting themselves under the bank of the river, under- 
took to set fire to the blockhouses by throwing ignited arrows upon the roof. 
But this plan of operation did not succeed, for the soldiers unbreeched some of 
the muskets and made "squirt-guns" of them, with which they extinguished 
the flames as fast as they ignited the roof. 

The Indians now gave up their efforts to set the buildings on fire, and with- 
drew to a place of safety, where they held a council, at which it was resolved to 
demand the surrender of the fort. They made this demand, and threatened if it 
was not complied with, that they would bring down from the British trading- 
house above, cannon, and batter down the whole establishment. The garrison 
refused to yield to their command, upon which the principal chief, who could 
speak a little French, asked in that language, for a parley. 

He was asked through a young man from St. Louis, who was there on busi- , 
ness, and could speak the French language, what propositions he had to make. 
The chief began to make them from behind the bank of the river where 
he was concealed, when the young man told him he could not hear what he 
said. To make himself heard, the chief raised his head and breast above thfr 
bank. No soone.' was this done than the young man discharged a musket at 
him, and he fell mortally wounded. The Indians, having lost their chief, 
immediately abandoned all further hostilities, and left the place. 

In 1812, the Indians made another fierce attack on the fort, and failing to 
capture it by force, they commenced a regular siege, which was carried 
on till the garrison was reduced to the greatest extremity ; so much so, that 
they had nothing but potatoes to subsist upon, and these were nearly exhausted. 
Owing to the uncertainty when any provision would reach them, and the fact 
that supplies had often been cut off by the enemy, and also the fearful odds with 
which they had to contend, after mature deliberation, it was resolved to abandon 



•592 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

the post To effect this to the best advantage, a trench was dug from the south- 
east blockhouse, to the river. 

There were some boats belonging to the garrison, and about that time they 
succeeded in capturing one from the Indians. When the boats were prepared, 
:and all things made ready for departure, orders were given to set fire to the 
fort. And although the Indians were encamped with a large force near by, 
these arrangements were made with so much precaution and secrecy, that the 
soldiers were out of danger, and the fort completely wrapped in flames before 
the enemy were aware of their departure. 

When the retreating soldiers arrived to where the town of Warsaw, 111., 
has since been built, they discovered a boat coming up the river with supplies. 
At this time being worn down with fatigue and hunger, and nearly destitute of 
provisions, they were almost in despair, but this timely relief so much revived 
their spirits, that they resolved not to retreat any further. They made a halt, 
and immediately went to work throwing up temporary fortifications, which was 
the origin of Fort Edward. 

When Fort Madison was burned in 1812, the stone chimney remained 
standing for many years, and to the early traders and trappers passing up and 
■down the river, the place became known as '• Lone Chimney." By the Indians 
it was called ■•' Po-to-wo-nock," signifying the place of fire. 

THE FIRST SETTLER. 

The first settler in what is now the city of Fort Madison, was Peter Will- 
iams, who made a claim in 1832, and built a cabin about four or five hundred 
yards below the old fort. The country not yet being open to settlement, soldiers 
were sent down from Fort Armstrong (now Rock Island), and Peter's cabin was 
•demolished Av-hile he was taken across the river. 

In June. 18o3, when the United States acquired title to the lands from the 
Indians, Williams returned and re-occupied his claim, by building a cabin on the 
banks of the river directly south of the lower public square, or between Walnut 
and Chestnut streets. Peter Williams died on the Des Moines River in 1835. 

Richard Chaney, who had previously settled on what is known as Chaney 
Creek, opposite Keokuk, in Illinois, came about the same time, made a claim 
on the upper part of the present town site and built his cabin near the river, 
about the west end of the present C. B. ^^ Q. railroad bridge, crossing tlie 
creek. Chaney's claim included the old corn-field near the present site of the 
Penitentiary, which had been cultivated by the soldiers who occupied the fort. 
He cleared off the trees which had grown up in the years it had lain idle, and, 
in 1831 raised a crop of corn. 

Augustus Horton arrived in 1833, and laid claim to what is now the upper 
part of Fort Madison. 

Gen. John H. Knapp, and Nathaniel Knapp arrived later in 1833. John 
H. Knapp purchased Horton 's claim and built a cabin on the site of the old 
fort, which stood on what are now Lots 152, 153 and 154. Nathaniel built on 
the bank of the river, just above the foot of Elm street. John H. also built a 
small frame house on the bank of the river, near his log cabin, in which he 
opened trade with the Indians. He also cleared a patch of about six acres, 
about where Morrison's Plow Works are situated, which he broke in the spring of 
1831. and planted in corn and vegetables. He also erected a horse-mill for 
grinding corn and buckwheat, the first mill of any kind in the country. 

In October, 1835, John H. Knapp's family arrived, consisting of his wife 
Hai-riet, daughter Elizabeth (afterward Mrs. Eno) and two sons — John H., Jr., 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 595 

and Jonas S. His son-in-law, Joseph S. Douglass, his wife and two children 
came with them. 

In the fall of 1835 the Knapps staked out a town, the eastern limit being 
"what is now Oriental street and the western limit a point about half-way between 
Cedar and Pine streets. The boundaries of this first town plat are thus given 
by Adolphus Allen, the surveyor : 

" Commencing at low-water mark on the Mississippi River, due south of a 
red or Spanish oak tree standing on the bank of the river, and running due 
north one-half mile ; thence due east one hundred and twelve rods, or there- 
about ; thence due south to low-water mark on said river ; thence westerly, fol- 
lowing the meandering of said river, by the said low-water mark, to the place 
of beginning." 

At that time, there was some open ground about the ruins of the old fort, 
but all the lower portion of the present town was heavily timbered with oak, 
l)lack walnut, elm, sycamore and ash, and game abundant within what is now 
the city limits. There were but four cabins on the present town site, inhabited 
by as many families — Williams, Chaney and the two Knapps. Settlers began 
to arrive soon after, and the Knapps began selling lots. In 1836, there was 
quite an influx of new-comers, and quite a number of cabins were erected. 
The first improvements of any note were two large frame houses, erected that 
year, by John H. and Nathaniel Knapp, and known as the " Madison " and 
" Washington " Houses. The Madison House, built by John H. Knapp, stood 
on the site of the old fort, the kitchen of the hotel adjoining the tall stone 
chimney left standing when the fort was burned, twenty years before. 

The Knapps were energetic business men, and, under their influence, it was 
-supposed the town would rapidly grow ; but a shadow was thrown over its 
prosperity by the natural death of John H. Knapp and the murder of Nathan- 
iel at Bentonsport, in Van Buren County. 

At that time, the whole of the town of Fort Madison was above the offset 
in Front street, with the exception of a few whisky-shanties along the bank of 
the river below. As the town plat was originally laid out, there were fractional 
lots between Front street and the river for three blocks opposite and below the 
old fort. On one of these. Judge Cutler's store stood. At that time, these 
fractional lots were considered the most valuable lots in town ; but afterward, 
"when the Government laid off the town, under an act of Congress, they were 
made public property. 

Judge Jacob Cutler made a short visit to Fort Madison in the spring of 
1835. He came a second time, in the fall of that year, and bought of John H. 
Knapp the frame of a building which he had commenced on the bank of the 
river, a little southwest of the site of the old fort. Leaving Knapp to com- 
plete the building, which was to be weather-boarded with clapboards. Cutler 
went to St. Louis and bought a stock of goods, and opened a store in the first 
frame house built in the town. 

Cutler's family arrived in the spring of 1836. 

In the fall of 1835, Dr. John Cutler, son of Jacob Cutler, James D. Shaw 
and Dr. Ferris bought Peter Williams' claim and laid off lots, from Knapp's 
town west. John Cutler, and perhaps Shaw, also, sold out to Joseph Webster 
before the Government laid off the town. 

On the 2d of July, 1836, Congress passed an act, designating certain tracts 
of land to be laid off into town lots, one of which was the present site of Fort 
Madison. This act was supplemented by another act, passed March 3, 1837, 
by which William W. Coriell, George Cubbage and M. M. McCarver were 



596 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

appointed Commissioners to make the survey. Their plat extended from Ori 
ental street on the east to Occidental street on the west, and back from the 
river to Ninth street ; and those claimants by pre-emption to the land included 
in the town plat were not allowed to exceed one acre in town lots, nor more 
than one outlet. Certificates were issued to such claimants by the Commis- 
sioners. The first sale of lots in the new town was made at the Land Office,, 
in Burlington, in the fall of 1838. It was conducted in the same manner as 
the general land sales. Those persons who had acquired rights, either by pre- 
emption or by purchase of lots in the old plat made by the Knapps, were pro- 
tected by provisions in the law. 

The second sale of lots took place at Burlington, May 30, 1842, and a 
third sale was held July 11 of the same year. 

The town of Fort Madison was incorporated by special act, passed at the 
second session of the Wisconsin Territorial Legi'='lature and approved January 
19, 1838. Section 1 provided " that all that portion of territory which is 
included in a survey made by and under the authority of the United States, and. 
which is known and designated as the town of Fort Madison, containing about 
six hundred and forty acres of land in the county of Lee, in said Territory, be, 
and the same is hereby, constituted a town corporate, and shall hereafter be- 
known by the name or title of the town of Fort Madison." 

Section 2 designated the first Monday in May, 1838, as the day for hold- 
ing the first election for town officers, consisting of a President, Recorder and 
five Trustees. 

At the first election held under the charter, Philip Viele was elected Presi- 
dent : Robert Wyman, Recorder; Herbert Morris, Joseph Skinner, Charles 
McDill, John A. Drake and Isaac Atlee, Trustees. 

The meetings of the Board were held about town as were most convenient ; 
The Madison House, and offices of D. F. Miller and Volney Spaulding's were 
most frequently used. 

The Board prepared and adopted a lengthy ordinance of thirty- two sections, 
establishing the minor offices of the town government, and designating their 
duties. On February 11, 1839, Charles McDill and Joseph Skinner were 
appointed a committee of two "to notify the former Trustees of the town oF 
Fort Madison, to give a record of their proceedings, as there is no record in 
the possession of the present Board." It is inferred, therefore, that some kind 
of a town government existed prior to the incorporation of the town. 

At the election in May, 1839, held at the Madison House, then kept by C. 
L. Cope, the following officers were chosen : Peter Miller, President : George 
F. Buckhalter, Recorder; Thomas Fitzpatrick, Allen M. Green, Joseph Web- 
ster, Joel C. Walker and Volney Spaulding, Trustees. At a meeting of this Board 
February 20, 1840, it was moved and carried, "that Josiah Cole be, and is 
hereby, allowed to open a coal-mine, which he has discovered, somewhere within 
the limits of the corporation, to take therefrom as much coal as he may deem 
proper for the space of four years, provided he does not encroach on private prop- 
erty, or injure any street ally or public landing." 

In May, 1840, Peter Miller was re-elected President ; Robert Wyman, 
Recorder; Thomas Fitzpatrick, Thomas Hall, James C. Parrott, William Wilson 
and Joel C. Walker, Trustees. 

February 8, 1841, the Board purchased of J. A. Clark the lot occupied a^ a 
grave-yard, for which they paid him $60. 

At the election in 1841, Peter Miller was again chosen President; William 
B. Crawford, Recorder ; Thomas Fitzpatrick, Amos Ladd, John G. Toncray^ 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 597 

William Wilson and John D. Williams, Trustees. In the following September 
Crawford resigned, and Enoch G. Wilson was elected his successor. 

This Board took the first step toAvard protecting the town from fire. In 
October, of their administration, an ordinance was passed providing, "That 
each and every person owning a building within the town limits, is required to 
provide said building with a good leather fire-bucket by the first of November, 
each building having one stove or fire-place to have one bucket, and those hav- 
ing more than one flue or 'fiar-place,' to have one additional bucket for every 
two ' flews ' or fire-places." 

The buckets were to be kept in some shed or entry to the building, conven- 
ient for use in case of fire. A penalty of $1 per day was the fine imposed 
in case of failure to comply with this ordinance. 

February 12, 1842, the Territorial Legislature granted the town a new 
charter which provided for its division into three wards, and the election of a 
Mayor and six Aldermen. 

The town was divided into three wards at the Board's meeting held March 
5, 1842. That portion lying east of Elm street, was designated as the First 
Ward ; from Elm to Pine streets, the Second ; and all Avest of Pine street as 
the Third. The Madison House, Washington House, and H. M. Salmon's 
residence, were established as the voting-places in the respective divisions. 

The first election under the new charter was held April 4, 1842. Isaac R. 
Atlee was elected Mayor ; William L. Matthews and Henry E. Vrooman^ 
Aldermen in the First Ward ; Alexander Anderson and William C. Evans in 
the Second, and Josiah Cowles and Levi Leech in the Third Ward. At the 
first meeting of the new Council, 0. S. X. Peck was elected Clerk, but, declin- 
ing to serve, E. Gr. Wilson was elected in his stead. Joel C. Walker was 
elected Treasurer, but he, also, resigned, and John G. Toncray was elected to 
the vacancy. Joseph Huff was elected Marshal ; T. A. Walker, Assessor, 
and John Waters, Street Commissioner. 

In 1843, Philip Viele was elected Mayor. Aldermen : First Ward, Will- 
iam L. Matthews and Henry E. Vrooman ; Second Ward, Joseph Harding and 
George Kiel ; Third Ward, Amos Ladd and Hawkins Taylor. E, G. Wilson 
and John G. Toncray were re-elected Clerk and Treasurer by the Council, and 
John G. Kennedy, Marshal. 

Since 1843, the following persons have filled the Mayor's chair : 1844. 
Philip Viele : 1845 and 1846, Thomas Hale ; 1847, A. N. Deming ; 1848, 
Wickliff Kitchell ; 1849. Edward Johnstone ; 1850, Philip Viele ; 1851, J. 
C. Parrott ; 1852, J. M. Beck ; 1853, J. C. Walker ; 1854, J. H. Bacon ; 
1855, Philip Viele (resigned in September, and Robert McFarland elected his 
successor; 1856, Robert McFarland; 1857, R. W. Albright ; 1858. Daniel 
F. Miller; 1859, Thomas C. Espy; 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863 and 1864, until 
October, Patrick Gilligan ; he resigned in that month, and John A. Nunn was 
elected to fill the vacancy ; 1865 and 1866, Patrick Gilligan; 1867, T. L. 
Lawrence; 1868, Patrick' Gilligan; 1869, Peter Miller; 1870 and 1871, J. 
M. Casy; 1872, Henr'y Cattermole; 1873, 1874 and 1875, A. C. Roberts; 
A. J. Alley, the present incumbent, has occupied the chair since March 13, 
1876. 

In 1853, the citizens of Fort Madison were stirred with a desire for rail- 
road connections in Illinois, and on September 24, by a vote of 148 to nothing, 
authorized the city to subscribe |75,000 to the stock of the Warsaw k Rock- 
ford Railroad, stipulating that the amount be expended between Appanoose and 
its junction with the Peoria & Oquawka Railroad. 



598 HISTORY OF I,KK COUNTY. 

The same election authorized the snbsor.ptioii of ^30,000 to the Fort Mad- 
ison, West Point. l\.eosaiu|ua \ Bloomiiold Railroad. 

September IT, ISoo, a special election was held on the question of sub- 
scribing a further sum of $30,000 to the Warsaw tS: Kockford road. It is a 
little singular that at this time the same number of votes were cast as at the 
previous election, and all in tavor of the loan. 



mOIDENTS A^^D FEKSONAL SKETCHES. 

In ISoO, Fort Madison was a town of small dimensions. The pres- 
ent town site was very thickly covered Avith brush and a young growth of trees, 
patches of which were cut out and a few cabins built thereon. There were few 
women here then. The men Avere young, full of mischief, and almost every 
day a practical joke was committed on some one for the amusement of the 
others. 

A good many of these men lodged with N. C. Steele, who kept the firat 
boarding-house in the place. This Avas a log-cabin, 1:2x10 feet, Avith a clap- 
board addition, used as a sleeping- room for the boarders. The beds in tliis 
apartment consisted of four poles, lashed together to form a square, feet by o, 
over Avhich Avas nailed a piece of canvas. This Avas suspended by a rope at 
each corner, attached to the loft timbers overhead. A lavorite trick among the 
occupants of this pioneer boarding-house Avas to cut the ropes at each side 
at the same instnnt, and allow the occupant to roll out on the puncheon 
floor. 

It Avas about this time that a stranger calling himself Johnson rode into 
Fort Madison, one evening, on a spotted '• Appanoose" horse, the peculiarity 
of which breed was a caudal appendage almost entirely destitute of hair. 
Johnson gave out that he Avas here to buy some corn, but his subsequent actions 
demonstrated that the distilled essence Avas most desired, and he Avas soon 
oblivious of the Aveltare of "Finger-tail," Avho, tied to a conA'enient tree, 
patiently aAvaiteii his master's coming. 

Tom Shepard. a rollicking chap, saw an opportuitity for some fun, and call- 
ing to his assistance Sumner, the painter, the tAvo applied a coating of 
green paint to the hoi'se, carefully avoiding certain portions of his body Avhere 
the natural color was of tlie purest white. They then returned him to his 
quarters, informed the boys of the fun in store in the morning, and aAvaited 
developments. 

When Johnson discovered the trick, on the following morning, the air Avas 
blue with his profanity. He sAA'ore vengeance on the perpetrators, and his per- 
sistent efforts to find them Avere soon rewai'ded. 

Shepard shav the felloAv meant business, and that he Avas liable to the legal 
prosecution threatened by Johnson, so he thought it policy to acknoAvledge the 
corn and make a compromise. Calling in some Avitnesses. he proposed to take 
the horse to the river and Avash him. and pay Johnson $5 as liquidated dam- 
ages. Johnson accepted, the money was paid, and old " Finger-tail " AA-as 
taken to the river, Avhere the cleaning process began ; but the more he Avas 
washed the greener he got, a fact which Johnson had not considered Avhen he 
made the bargain. 

Shepard, having Ava^hed the hoi'se as stated in the agreement, turned him 
over to his OAvner, Avho, seeing he had been outwitted, mounted and rode out of 
tOAvn, cursing and sAvearing never to return. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 599 

In 1836 and 1837, card-playing Avas an amusement popular, and indulged 
in by the men folks, with few exceptions. It was not considered criminal to 
take a hand in a game of poker, although so defined in the statute. The 
grand jury convened at the District Court held in Fort Madison, in Septem- 
ber, 1837, was composed in part of New Englanders who had made a settle- 
ment in the county, and it was found necessary to notice these violations of 
"law and order." As a result, sixty-three indictments were found against as 
many difierent parties for "gaming," many of them prominent citizens of the 
town and vicinity. 

Hon. Philip Viele, Prosecuting Attorney, drew the indictments. The per- 
sons indicted clubbed together and employed Judge Rorer, of Burlington, to 
defend them, which he agreed to do for |63, or $1 each. 

When the cases came up for trial at the next term of Court, attorney and 
clients Avere present. Rorer picked up the first indictment, and after scanning 
it closely, moved it be quashed on the ground of informality. The Judge 
(David Irvin) recognized its insufficiency, and the defendant was discharged. 
Viele now came forward, took up each indictment as the case was called, and 
addressing the Court with his proverbial politeness, remarked, " same deficiency, 
Judge," using the same language Avhile the remaining sixty-two cases were 
called. Long before he finished, the court-room was in a roar, in which Judge 
Irvin heartily joined. 

The old Madison House was built by Gen. John H. Knapp, in 1836, and 
stood on Lot ir>3 of the town plat. Although not completed, it was so nearly 
finished that, at the earnest solicitation of the citizens generally, a grand ball 
was held on Christmas night, 1836, which all the dancing inhabitants attended. 
Gen. Knapp was unwell when the party convened, grew rapidly worse dur- 
ing the night and died in a day or two afterward. After his death, Joseph S. 
Douglass, who married Almeda Knapp, took charge of the house, which being 
the most commodious building in the town, was used as the first District Court 
room, and meetings of the Board of County Supervisors. 

James Douglass (not related to Joseph S.) was the first Postmaster at Fort 
Madison, and kept the office Avhere John Van Valkenburg, Esq., noAV lives. 
Douglass was killed in the explosion of the steamer Moselle, at Cincinnati, 
April 25, 1837. His daughter, now the wife of John Van Valkenburg, Esq., 
was born shortly after his death. Samuel Hearn, noAV deceased, but then liv- 
ing in what is now Des Moines Township, opposite St. Francisville, Mo., had 
the contract, and carried the mail from Flint Hills (Burlington) by way of Fort 
Madison to St. Francisville. 

Capt. Edwin Guthrie was the first Justice of the Peace at Fort Madison. 
His first commission came from the Governor of Michigan Territory, then from 
Gov. Dodge, and next from Gov, Lucas, but all the time living and acting at 
Fort Madison. From HaAvkins Taylor's sketch of Capt. Guthrie and his 
Court, the following extract is made : 

I never knew what "the Captain's religious sentiments were if he had any, but he drank no 
liquor, did not gamble, was always polite and manly, and moral courage itself. When trying a 
case, no man ever failed to get justice from 'Squire Guthrie, because of his poverty or unpopu- 
larity, and no man ever got more than justice because of his wealth or position in society. He 
hated slavery and loved justice and freedom. These qualities made him popular with all good 
men, but the very reverse with another class that were far too numerous at that day, as well as 
now. But the Captain loved to fish and shoot, above any man I ever met, and Sunday being a 
leisure day, he too often would slip down into the bottom below town, with his fishing-rod or 
gun to fish or shoot ducks and prairie chickens. This distressed the church-going people, so 
that at each time his commission was to be renewed, there would be gotten up a strong remon- 
strance against his re-appointment, that would be signed by the worst and best classes of 



600 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

society, if the whisky-drinking, gambling fraternity and the zealous churchmen are to be taken 
as the worst and best of society. But the middlemen always kept the Captain in office as long 
as he wanted it. The Captain was almost equal to Mr. Lincoln as a joker, often telling stories 
at his own expense. 

While the Captain was Justice of the Peace, he also acted as Deputy County Clerk occa- 
sionally, when the Clerk was absent. On one such occasion, a man of the name of Jerry 
Tungate came into the office and called for "a pair of licenses" for a young man of the name 
of Mann and a Miss Brewer. Guthrie inquired into the case, and, to make the matter sure, he 
made Tungate file his affidavit that the parents of the girl had given their free consent to the match, 
when he issued the license and promised to go down and marry the parties, at 4 or 5 o'clock 
that afternoon. Brewer lived a few miles below town. At about 4 in the afternoon, the 'Squire 
took his dog and gun and started to the wedding, proposing to kill a few ducks on the way. Just 
as he got to the lower part of town, he saw Tungate coming up the road on a full run. The 
'Squire, supposing that something had happened to put off the wedding, stopped ; but as soon as 
Tungate got within hallooing distance, he cried out: "Come on, come on; all right now. 
They've consented." When Tungate got his breath so as to explain, it came out that Brewer 
and his wife had refused to give their consent to the match, until Tungate produced the license, 
when, thinking that further opposition was useless, ihey gave their consent. 

The Jail in use at that time was a little log house on Elm street, near the upper square 
belonging to Henry D. Davis. Davis was a shoemaker, and used the Jail as a shop, as well as rent- 
ing it to the county. At that time, the two hardest cases in Fort Madison were Jim Clark and 
Joe Morehead, both big, rough, drunken, dangerous fellows, and all the time in some sort of a 
scrape, and often in jail ; in fact, to be in jail suited them well, for it gave them board at the ' 
county's expense, and they could go in and out as they pleased. 

On one occasion, when Morehead was boarding at the Jail, he cut up into all sorts of shapes, 
entirely destroying the stock of leather that Davis had on hand. The next morning, when 
Davis went to his jail shop, Morehead showed him the pieces as cut up, and inquired what sort 
of shoes he could make out of thern. But Davis had no remedy. He could not prove that 
Morehead had destroyed his leather, and if he did, he had no business to use the Jail as a shop. 

As before said, 'Squire Guthrie was no favorite with the rowdies. One day, Jim Clark 
came and demanded a writ of ejectment against Joe Morehead. Guthrie had committed Clark 
to jail for some offense, and, a few days later, he had committed Morehead, and when the 
Constable put Morehead in, Clark went out, and demanded of the same Justice who committed 
them both a writ of ejectment against the new-comer for "jumping his claim," a squatter 
phrase of that day. Guthrie ordered Clark off, telling him to go back to jail where he belonged. 
Clark went off and got from one of Guthrie's enemies the necessary fee, when he went back and 
tendered the money, when the 'Squire again refused to issue the writ, and ordered Clark oft", 
when Clark stepped outside of the door, swearing terrible oaths and threatening what he would 
do then and there if the writ was not issued at once. For ihe purpose of carrying out 
his threat, he commenced unbuttoning his coat, when the "Squire took up a good hickory club 
well selected for defense and the enforcement of the law, and with both hands belabored Clark 
until he hallooed "Murder! murder!" By the time help came, he was completely covered 
with cuts, bruises and blood. Guthrie was arrested for assault and battery, and taken before 
'Squires Briggs and Ross, some five or six miles in the country, for trial. The trial lasted sev- 
eral days, and was prosecuted with much bitterness by the enemies of Guthrie, and defended 
with great earnestness by his friends. .Judge Viele prosecuted, and Henry Eno defended. The 
court acquitted Guthrie, deciding that the statute administered was not recognized by all the 
courts, but that its application, as administered, and under the circumstances, was admissible 
and appropriate, and well calculated to be useful. Guthrie had no further trouble with the 
roughs; they found out that the "Yankee" would fight, and they were fully satisfied. 

One of the earliest lawyers in Fort Madison was Alfred Rich, a native of 
Kentucky. He was young, but had studied laAv in that State, and had been admitted 
to the bar. He had formed an attachment for a young lady, the daughter of 
a prominent citizen ; but the parents refusing their consent to the match on 
account of his poverty, he came to the Black Hawk Purchase, arriving in Fort 
Madison in 1837. He was without means or decent apparel. Old Leonard 
Parker took an interest in him, and he opened a school with some ten or twelve 
towheads for his pupils. He was a quiet man, but the neighbors took note 
of him. 

Some time after Rich's arrival, the New York Land Company brought an 
ejectment suit against one Blevins, who had squatted near Montrose. The 
Company had their own attorney (Austin). David Rorer, of Burlington, wa:^ 
the nearest accessible lawyer, but the Company had also retained him. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 601 

Blevins came to Fort Madison in great distress. There were two lawyers 
-against him, and he had no counsel. He came to Parrott in his trouble. 
Parrott hit it : "111 bet that little school-teacher is a lawyer; let's go and 
see him." They invaded Rich's school and made known their errand. He 
admitted that he had studied law. Then would he undertake Blevins' case ? 
" How can I?" said Rich. " I know nothing about the Territorial statutes; I 
haven't a law-book, and no .clothes fit to go in a crowd." Parrott told him 
Austin would allow him to look at his law books, and it made no difference 
about the clothes. So Rich consented. It was now 11 o'clock, and the 
trial was set for 1. School Avas dismissed and the trio proceeded to Austin, 
who extended to Rich the customary courtesies of the profession, and he went 
to work preparing his case. Austin was smart, and looked for fun Avhen the 
case would be called. The trial was at 1 o'clock in the old Madison House. 
The crowd gathered. Austin and Rorer were on hand ; and so was Rich, 
ragged as a scarecrow, but deep in Austin's books, and paying no attention to 
any one else. The prosecution presented their case briefly, and waited for 
Rich to win it for them by his blundering and failure, but they were mistaken. 
In five minutes they knew they had caught a Tartar, and in an hour the logic 
and eloquence of Rich had carried everything before him. He was master of the 
field, with a verdict for his client. The argument of the ragged school-master 
was strong and brilliant in itself, but its unexpectedness added greatly to its 
effect. There was no restrainino; the enthusiasm of the crowd, as Rich warmed 
to his theme, and, by his eloquence, kindled in his hearers a furor of interest. 

But the most grotesque feature of it all was Gen. Jesse B, Browne, the 
original. There he stood, a turban upon his head, a blanket wrapped Indian 
fashion about his stalwart frame — a veritable king of men — and tight as a brick. 
He had gone there because he was tight, and because the crowd was there. 
As Rich proceeded, Browne grew interested. He didn't like the New York 
Land Company, and his sympathies were all with the schoolmaster. As one 
Tvarmed, so did the other ; and at last Browne would stand quiet for a time 
and listen to Rich with his face all ablaze, then turn to the crowd and roar, 

*' Hear him ! it ! Just hear him !" And then he would yell to be heard 

a mile. "Gen. Browne," said the Court, "I fine you $5 for contempt." 
" Fine and be d — d," screamed Browne ; "you owe me |200, and it's the only 
way I'll ever get it," and he whooped again. The "whoops" were repeated, 
and so were the fines, till the sum reached $40, which was duly credited on the 
note Browne held against the " Court." 

Rich was a man of mark henceforth. He was elected to the Legislature, 
and. in 1841, gave Gen. Dodge a close race for Congress. The memory of his 
eloquence in the courts and on the stump will remain until the last old settler 
is under the sod. His health failing him, he went to Cuba, but receiving no 
benefit from the change, returned to Kentucky, and died of consumption at 
the residence of his mother, in Kenton, August 11, 1843. 

Nathaniel Knapp, proprietor of the Washington House, one of the two first 
hotels at Fort Madison, was killed at Bentonsport, Van Buren County, in the 
fall of 1838. He and a man named Doyle, from Rushville, 111., had gone 
there on some business connected with the Court. They arrived in the even- 
ing, and, first engaging a bed, went out " to have a tinie with the boys." Late 
in the evening, Isaac Hendershott. a resident of Bui'lington, arrived at the 
hotel, and, there being no unoccupied bed except the one engaged by Knapp 
and Doyle, he was assigned to it, the landlord thinking that the two first named 
would make a night of it out. About midnight, Knapp and Doyle returned to 



602 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

the hotel, and, taking a tallow candle, proceeded to their room, when, finding 
it occupied, the tormer demanded what he was doing in that bed, at the same 
time threatening violence and acting as if feeling for a pistol. Hendershott 
sprang from the bed, seized his sword-cane, drew it, and at one thrust ran it 
through Knapp's body in the vicinity of the heart. His victim sank to the 
floor, still holding the tallow candle, and, with the exclamation, '"Doyle, I'm 
a dead man," died instantly. Hendershott made his escape, and was seen no 
more until the next spring, when he came up the river on a steamboat, and, 
while stopping at Fort Madison, was terribly beaten by a number of citizens 
headed by Tom Fulton, a relative of the ^-^napp family. At the next term of 
the Van Buren County Court, he appeared at Farmington to answer, but learn- 
ing that an indictment had been found, which he seemed not to have expected, 
he suddenly left and was never seen afterward. It is stated that he died at 
Lexington, Mo., while on his way to Mexico. 

The first wedding in Fort Madison was in the winter of 1835-36. The par- 
ties to the contract were Enoch Gilbert and Augusta, the eldest daughter of 
Nathaniel Knapp. 

The first birth, of which any record can be obtained, was John H. Doug- 
lass, son of Joseph S. and Almeda Douglass, born June '20, 1836. 

John H. Knapp is authority for the statement that a Miss Jennings was the 
first school-teacher. She was a Quakeress, and, with her family, removed to 
Salem, in Henry County, at a very early day. Rathburn taught the second- 
He was half white, quarter Indian and quarter negro. 

Albert Rich opened his school in 1837. 

The first store was opened by Walsh & Pise in 1834. The next year, John 
Box, John H. Knapp and Jacob Cutler opened stores. The customers of these 
first merchants were at that time principally Indians, whom they credited until 
" annuity-day." The Indians rarely neglected to pay their debts ; but it must 
be recorded that old Muck-a-tan-wish-e-ke-ack-he-ack (Black Hawk) left an 
unpaid bill of twelve or thirteen dollars in the hands of Judge Cutler, which 
his son, Otway, still preserves as a memento of the old days. 

The first horse-mill was built by John H. Knapp. 

The first steam-mill was built by W. Hawxhurst, who turned out the first 
flour in February, 1845. 

The first hotel deserving the name was the Madison House, built by John 
H. Knapp and finished in the winter of 1836. 

The first church was the Presbyterian, organized in March, 1838. 

The first frame house was built by John H. Knapp, and still stands on Lot 
No. 151, northwest corner of Broadway and Front street, to which place it 
was moved after the Government survey of the toAvn into lots. 

The first brick house was built by Rev. J. A. Clark, the Presbyterian 
minister. This house, now owned by Hon. Joseph Hollman, stands on the 
southeast corner of Sixth and Walnut streets. 

The first well was dug when the fort was erected. It still furnishes an. 
unlimited supply of good water. 

The first brewer was Garvasius Santo, established in 1844. 

The first Postmaster was James Douglass. 

The coldest day was January 6, 1843, of which the editor of the Lee Couyity- 
Democrat said : "The quicksilver in our thermometer was frozen, being indica- 
tive of seventy-two degrees below the freezing-point." 

The first celebration of the Fourth of July at Fort Madison, was held in 
1838. Extensive preparations had been made, and the settlers gathered in large 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 603^ 

numbers. A special invitation was sent to Black Hawk, and he was present^ 
the lion of the day. At the dinner-table, he was complimented with the follow- 
ing toast: 

" Our illustrious guest. Black Hawk. May his declining years be as calm^ 
and serene as his previous life has been boisterous and full of war-like incidents. 
His attachment and friendship to his white brethren fully entitle him to a 
seat at our festive board." 

In reply, Black Hawk arose and said : " It has pleased the Great Spirit 
that I am here to-day. I have eaten with my white friends. The earth is our 
mother ; we are now on it, with the Great Spirit above us ; it is good. A few 
winters ago, I was fighting against you. I did wrong, perhaps, but that is past ; 
it is buried; let it be forgotten. Rock River was a beautiful country. I 
liked my towns and my corn-fields, and the homes of my people ; I fought for 
it — it is now yours ; keep it as we did ; it will produce you good crops. I 
thank the Great Spirit that I am now friendly with all my white brothers ; we- 
are here together ; we are friends ; it is His wish and mine ; I thank you for 
your friendship. 1 was once a great warrior ; I am now poor. Keokuk has 
been the cause of my present condition ; but do not attach blame to him. I 
am now old ; I have looked upon the Mississippi River ; I have been a child ; 
I love the great river ; I have dwelt upon its banks from the time I was an 
infant ; I look upon it now. I shake hands with you, and, as it is my wish, 
1 hope you are my friends." 



RELIGIOUS INTERESTS. 

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

The Presbyterian Church was organized March 26, 1838, under the Schuy- 
ler County (111.) Presbytery, with the following members : James G. Edwards 
(editor Fort Madison Patriot) and wife Eleanor T.; Sarah S. Prince 
Joel C. Walker, Rebecca A. Parmer, Catharine R. Walker, Mary A. P. Poug- 
lass, Nancy F. Webster, Harriet Knapp, Martha Stewart, Mary Edwards, Isaaa 
Vandyke, Eliza J. Vandyke, Zillah Ann Kyle, Elizabeth G. Walker and Cath- 
erine G. Viele (wife of Hon. Philip Viele). Isaac Vandyke was chosen Elder. 
James G. Edwards, having been dismissed from the Jacksonville, 111., Church, 
as ruling Elder, was accepted as such' here. The first Pastor was Rev. J. A. 
Clark, sent by the Home Missionary Society, June 1, 1838. Shortly after, 
Mr. Clark, with a part of the members, withdrew and organized under the New- 
School branch of the Church, when those who remained re-organized as the- 
Old-School Church. 

In 1858, the two branches re-united, and have continued since to occupy 
the church-building of the Old- School branch, which was erected in 1844, at a 
cost of $6,000. At the time of re-union, the Old-School branch had a mem- 
bership of 52, and the New-School, 23. The present membership is 160, with 
an average attendance of 100 children in the Sabbath school. 

While the two branches of the Church were separated, the Pastors of 
the New-School Church were Revs. J. A. Clark, M. G. Cass and Timothy 
Lyman ; and of the Old-School, Revs. Mason. King and Mason. Since- 
the re-union, Revs. Taylor, Noble, Kennard, J. G. Patterson, and Rev. 
George D. Stewart, D. D., have filled the pulpit. Dr. Stewart is the present 
Pastor. 



604 HISTOKV OF LEE COUNTY. 



METHODIST OHUROII. 

From a hisrorv of the Methodist Church in Forr Madison, prepared in 
1S60, bv Eev. H. W. Thomas. D. D.. now of Chicago, bur at that time its 
Pastor, the following extract is made : 

The earliest official efforts to plant Methodism in Iowa, date back only to 1835. For the 
first few Teal's, the appoimmeuts were confined to the margin of the Mississippi, and the gates 
of Methodism at its tirst entrance npou the tield were at Burliugton. and, as the minntes have 
it, ••DuBuke.'" With the increase of settlers and the extension of settlements, the work 
spread, and in lS;->i\ it was thrown into a separate Presiding Elder's District, of which Rev. H. 
»Suminei-s was Elder, and eleven preachers assigned thereto. At that time it was connected with 
the Illinois Conference, but on the formation of the Rock River Conference in 1840. it was con- 
nected with the latter. The first report of the "Iowa District" to that Conference, showed a 
membership of 1.570 whites, and four coloi-ed. That vear it was formed into two districts, 
with eighteen preachers. In 1814, the General Conference established the Iowa Conference, 
embracing the work in the then Territory of Iowa, and which was at that time composed of 
thirtv-eight preachers, embraced three districts and twenty-nine charges, and included a mem- 
bership of o.40o, and sixty local preachers. * * ^ * * * 

There was occasional preaching in this city by M. E. ministers, as early as 18o9. In 1841. 
it formed part of a large circuit, and, in 184ll. the present house of worship was built. In 
1843, it was set oil" as a station, and has continued so ever since. 

The following is a list of ministers who have labored in this charge since it 
became a station: D. B. Xichols, 1844— io: Samuel Clark. 1S45-47; I. I. 
Stewart. 1S47-4S : L. B. Dennis. 1S4S-49: AYilliam Hulbert. lS49-oO; M. 
F. Shinn. 1S50-51 : F. C. Crawford. 1851-5:2; E. Lathrop. 1852-53; J. Q. 
Hammond, 1853-54; William Simpson, 1854-55; N. Wilber and 1). Hutch- 
inson, 1855-56 (each 6 months): I. P. Teter, 1856-57: D. H. Sargent, 
1857-58; H. W. Thomas, 1858-60. During Dr. Thomas' administration, the 
church, which time had rendered unsightly and uncomfortable, was thoroughly 
repaired and refitted. J. Or. Thompson, 1860-61: A. C. "Williams, 1861-63: 
W. P. Watkins, 1863-64: J. H. Lucas, 1864-66 (18 months): James 
^\. Latham, 1866-67 (18 months): William Reineck, 1867 (7 months); G. 
W. Byrkit, 1867-68; E. L. Schreiner. 1868-70: J. W\ Cheney, 1870-72; 
John Burgess. 1872-73 (7 months): J. T. McFarland, 1873 [5 months): C. 
P. Eeynolds. 1873-75: J. R. Noble, September, 1875, until the spring of 
1877. Rev. B. F. Karns, the present Pastor, began his ministrations in the 
fall of 1877. and is now in his second year. 

W'hen Mrs. Claypoole, a valued member, died, she left by will §500, to be 
applied to the purchase of a parsonage. This sum was placed at interest for 
-several years, when, with other contributions from members of the Churcli, 
the dwelling on the southeast corner of Fourth and Market was purchased for 
^1,200. The Church has at this time, a membership in the neighborhood of 
one hundred and tiftv. A flourishing Sabbath school is also maintained. 

CHRISTIAN CHURCH. 

This Church was organized in 1838. by Elder John Drake, John Box, H. 
C. McMurphy and William Leslie. The church edifice was erected in 1853, 
at a cost of between $3,000 and S4.000. ^^There was a small church previous 
to that time). Dr. Eads was otiiciating as Pastor, when Dr. Bacon came to 
Fort Madison in 1851. After Dr. Eads. Dr. Bacon preached for ten years, and 
has continued to officiate on the Lord's Day services and at social meetings 
Avith more or less regularity ever since. Notwithstanding the society now only 
numbers about fifteen or twenty members, services have been held every Lord's 
Dav since its organization. 



HISTORY OF LER COUNTY. 605 



EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 



Hope Episcopal Church Avas organized March 25, 1854. Rector, Rev. Will- 
Tiam Adderly ; Wardens, Hon. Edward Johnstone, William Thurston ; Vestry- 
men, W. W. Coriell, Henry Cattermole, James Cattermole, J. W. Albright, W. 
O. Albright, James M. Layton, Anthony Smith. 

Rectors in succession : Rev. William Adderly, from 1854 to 1864 ; Rev. 
R. F. G. Page, from 1864 to 1868; 1868 to 1870, no report; from 1870 to 1872, 
Rev. James A. Woodard. The Church is now without a Rector and regular 
services. 

"Fort Madison Parish," says one of the Mrs, Albrights, quoting from 
memory, " was first organized by Bishop Kemper, of Wisconsin, about the year 
1845. * The first Vestrymen were Dr. Spaulding, H. T. Reid (now deceased). 
Col. Parrott, Gen. Roberts and Mr. J. W. Albright. The parish was first 
known as St. Peters, and the first stationed minister was a Deacon from Nash- 
otah, named Leach. The parish was never incorporated, and after Mr. Leach 
left, the Rev. Mr. Batchelor, of Burlington, came and officiated at various 
times. In 1851, Rev. Mr. Adderly came from Burlington, and preached in 
the Court House every other Sunday. The present church edifice Avas built in 
1856-57, and Avas consecrated by Bishop Lee, the first Bishop of loAva, in Sep- 
tember, 1857, and incorporated under the name of Hope Parish." 

CATHOLIC CHURCHES. 

The first Catholic priest to visit Fort Madison, Avas Father J. G. Allemann, 
who came in 1840. At that time he was the only priest within a hundred 
miles, and his chief work Avas in gathering together the scattering Catholic 
families, and Avherever the number was sufficient, in organizing and establish- 
ing churches. He Avas a generous, kind-hearted man, Avilling at any time to 
divide his last farthing Avith any one Avho might ask assistance. The first 
Catholics to settle at Fort Madison were Joseph Hellman, Harmon Ding- 
man, Henry, John and Joseph Schwartz, Henry and Bernard Tieken, Liboris 
Nelle and Henry Becker. The families of these, with one or, tAvo others, were 
organized into a church by Father Allemann, and a small brick church, sixteen 
feet square was erected. This, among the first brick houses built in Fort 
Madison, still stands near the upper church. In 1844, a larger church Avas 
erected under the management of Father Allemann, in size 30x50 feet, to which 
Father Hattenberger made an addition in 1854, since which no change has 
been made. In 1846, some fifty to seventy-five families had arrived and 
attached themselves to the Church, which number, in 1865, had increased to 
nearly three hundred, and it became necessary to provide a more commodious 
place of Avorship. The plan of the present church, on the corner of Fourth 
and Vine streets, AA'as prepared by — Walsh, a St. Louis architect, at a cost to 
the Church of $1,000. The plan adopted involved an outlay of $110,000. 
The building was erected and inclosed in the course of five years, under the 
direction of Father Weikmann. The inside finishing Avas under the auspices of 
Father Meis. The new church is 65x135 feet, Avith seating capacity for an 
audience of 2,500. The spire rose 220 feet in the air, in Avhich were placed 
three bells, Aveighing 4,500, 2,600 and 1,300 pounds, respectively, costing over 
$3,000. The organ cost $4,000. On the 3d day of July, 1876, a furious 
hurricane swept over the towi\, and in the space of a few minutes a ruin Avas 
Avrought in the magnificent church which it has required $30,000 to repair. 
The people Avere well-nigh discouraged, but Father Meis, with a vim and aa 



606 HIiSTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

energy that few men would have shown under the circumstances, went to work^ 
and, with the assistance of his people, in a few months the church was in a bet- 
ter condition than formerly, except that the lofty spire was not rebuilt. 

The following-named priests have officiated at the old church: Fathers 
Allemann, Hattenberger, Michel, Weikmann, Orth, Goll and Graeser. Father 
A. Meis, the first priest assigned to the new church, is still in charge, with a 
congregation numbering some three hundred families. About fifty families 
still remain with the first church. 

CATHOLIC SCHOOLS. 

Shortly after the organization of the first church. Father Allemann opened a 
small school, himself the teacher and his own house the schoolroom. The first 
school-building was completed in 1846. When the building of the new church 
was undertaken in 1865, a commodious school-building was also commenced, 
which was completed the next year at a cost of $10,000. This building, stand- 
ing on the corner of Fourth and Vine streets, is of brick, sixty-five feet square, 
two stories in height and capable of accommodating the 350 children who daily 
meet for instruction. The school is presided over by a male teacher and five 
Sisters of Notre Dame. 

Connected with the Catholic Church is the Ladies' Society, numbering 250 
members; Young Men's Sodality, with 50 members ; Young Ladies' Sodality 
w^ith 150, and a Building Society with 100 members. 

The Roman Catholic Benevolent Society is an organization for the mutual 
benefit of its members in case of sickness or death. 

BAPTIST CHURCH. 

The Baptist Church of Fort Madison was organized December 23, 1858, at 
the house of Charles Brewster. The following are the names of those who 
associated themselves together at that meeting : Joseph M. Beck, A. W. Walker,^ 
Abraham Watson, Thomas F. Green, William Switzer, Cornelius Haddock, 
Lee Hull, Phineas Inskeep, William Green, Mary Ann Switzer, Delilah Watson, 
Mary Green, Sarah Fye, Elizabeth Wilson, Malinda Hughes, Jackson Hughes, 
Thomas Green, Horace S Eaton, Mary E Brown and William Fye. 

Rev. G. J. Johnson, of St. Louis, was the first minister called to the 
Church. 

The present church-building was completed in 1861, at a cost of $13,000. 
Rev. Thomas Powell, is the present Pastor. The Church maintains a lai'geand 
excellently conducted Sabbath school. 

COLORED BAPTIST CHURCH. 

This Church was organized on the 16th of October, 1873. The meeting for 
the purpose of organization was under the direction of Rev. E. C. Catey, of the 
First Baptist Church, who presided, and preached the introductory sermon. Two 
years afterward, in 1875, the building of a church edifice was commenced, 
and at a cost of |560 is so far completed as to be available for the purposes 
intended. 

Rev. Robert Hawkins, the first Pastor, has been succeeded by Revs. George 
Chambers, and George Anderson, the present Pastor. The present member- 
ship of the society is thirty-nine. 

A Sabbath school was organized on the third Sabbath in June, 1873, with 
fifteen scholars, and Rev. Robert Hawkins as Superintendent for one year. 
Mrs. Luella Davis served next for one year, and was succeeded by Sister Louisa 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 607 

'Chambers, wife of the Pastor, who served two years, when Sister Davis was 
recalled to the Superintendency. The school now numbers thirty-four scholars, 
-and has a library of 223 volumes. 

GERMAN LUTHERAN AND REFORMED CHURCH. 

This Church was organized in 1850. Rev. Lenhard was the first minister, 
and up to 1852, had been succeeded by Revs. Ankele, Gumbel and Conrad 
Ries. The latter, in 1852, built a small church on Walnut street, which was 
occupied until 1864, when the present edifice adjoining, was erected at a cost of 
some $7,000. 

Conrad Ries has been followed by Pastors E. Gubner, J. M. Kugel, 

Strobel, Frederick Lutz, Kleinlein, L. H. Buhrig, John Wettle and 

Vobus, Avho has recently taken charge. The membership of the Church 

at present comprises about fifty families. The Church, since its organization, 
has maintained a denominational school, the original church-building being used 
for a schoolroom. 

EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN ST. PAUL'S CHURCH 

organized January 1, 1872, by Rev. J. C Oehlert, with eighteen members. 
The first meeting was held in a small house on Second street, rented from 
Henry Walter, after which the congregation secured the use of the Presbyterian 
Church until their present building was completed, in 1873. This building, 
situated on Third street, is 24x40 feet, and cost, including the lot on which it 
stands, about $1,500. Rev. J. G. Oehlert has been succeeded by the following 
Pastors : Ficken, M. Gerlach and Theodore Drexel. 



EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS. 

The schools of Fort Madison are efficient and well organized. The teachers 
are among the best and most competent in the State ; but in school-buildings, 
there has been, and still is, a lack of enterprise that is not in keeping with the 
general character of the Fort Madisonians. The following items are furnished 
by J. R. Noble, the Superintendent of City Schools : 

Number of pupils enrolled, 600. 

The schools are divided into eight grades, and a three-years High School 
course. 

Board of Directors : M. Case, P. O'Kell. Dr. A. C. Roberts, Frank 
Koehler, George Rump, A. J. Reynolds. 

Officers of Board : M. Case, President ; R. E. Smith, Secretary ; J.A. 
Smith, Treasurer. 

Teachers for 1878-79": J. R. Noble, Superintendent; J. J. Pollard, 
Principal of High School ; George D. Stewart, D. D., Assistant ; Royal N. 
Joy, B. F. Parmer, Mrs. Kate Robison, Principals. 

Assistants : May Berry, Mrs. Adele Taylor, Sallie Smith, Mrs. C. M. 
Douglass, Miss Hannah Phares, 0. C. Herminghausen, Mary 0. Reynolds, 
Lottie Atlee. C. Lohmen, teacher of Music and German ; Rosa Koehler, 
Assistant in German. 

The city is divided into two districts, and schools are taught in four 
•buildings. 



(iOS U18T0UY (H' LEK COUNTY. 



FI KE DEP ARTMEN T . 

In tiie spring of 1874, the city purchased from the manufacturers at Seneca 
Falls, N. Y., a medium-size Silsby steamer and two hose-carts, with 1,500 
feet of hose. Shortly after these were received, a volunteer fire company was 
organized by the young men of the city, and the apparatus was turned over to 
them. At tirst, the engine aiul carts were housed in iVitchett & Wilde's livery- 
stable ; but soon after the Market-House, a brick structure on the corner of 
Fourth and Market streets, was iitted up, and has since been used as an engine- 
house. In 1876, a hook and ladder truck, with the proper equipments, was added. 

Cisterns were built, during the summer of 1874, at three points — on Fourth 
street, at the intersection of Pine. A'ine ami ^laple streets: and in casc^ of fire, 
any part of the city can be reached by the hose, either from these cisterns or 
the river. 

The fire compauv is in an etVicicnt condition, well ofiicercd. and has always 
done good service. 

MILLS. 

Gen. John 1 1. Knapp's horse-mill stood on the rear end of the lots on 
which the ''Old Settlers' " Mill now stands, on Second street. It was a prim- 
itive affair, but was the oi\ly mill in Fort ^ladison until 1845, when Walter 
llauxhurst's steam fiouriug-mill was completed. This stood on Lot 10 of city 
plat. After fourteen years' service in the manufacture of flour, it was fitted 
up as a distillery, and burned down in 186-. Shortly afterward, it was rebuilt 
as a distillery, and for several years was one of the best-ap^xnnted institutions 
of that character in the country, and was operated by Card ^: liawrence. The 
building still stands, but the machinery has all been removed, and it is used 
as a warehouse for storage. 

A short time prior to 18tH\ Stenger \ Lawrence built a saw-mill on the 
river-bank near tlie eastern limits of the city, which, in the fall of 18t.>l, they 
changed to a distillery and flouring-mill. Peter Miller .!c Son having advanced 
the owners money, which they were not able to refund, the property fell into 
the hands of thecreditors mentioned, who operated it for a time as a distillery. 
Ai:;ain it was fitted up as a saw-mill, and is noAv operated as such by Weston 

In 18r>l or 1852, McConn \ Parmer erected a fine flouring-mill on the 
site of the old fort. They did a large business for several yeai-s, but, about 
1871, suspended operations, since which time it has been idle. 

^oTo^vo^^oK mills. 

These mills, which are the only exclusive merchant mills now in operation in 
Fort Madison, werebuiU by the present proprietors, Peters .^ Pernhard, in 1868. 
The building is of brick, 60x70 feet, three stories in height, with an elevator 
addition of four stories. It has four runs of buhi-s, and has a capacity of ICO 
barrels of fiour per day. Avhich is widely known for its superior quality. 

•• Ol.P SKTTLEKS " MILLS, 

erected in 1875. by P. & N. B. Miller, for merchant and custom work, are 
still operated by theiu. The main building is of frame, o0x50 feet, three stories 
high, with a one-story addition, •JOx-8 feet, and an office ivom. It has four 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 609* 

runs of buhrs, two of which are used for merchant work and two for their cus- 
tom trade. These mills are located on Second street, between Broadway and. 
Elm, and are doing a profitable business. 

LUMBER-MILLS. 

John C. Atlee came to Lee County in 1837, when he was a little more than 
twenty-one years of age, and commenced life as a carpenter. In the fall of 
1838, he married Miss Emeline S. Brooks, of Quincy, 111. At the end 
of six years, he sold out his possessions in Fort Madison, and moved on a 
farm in Cedar Township, where he remained eight years, when he returned to- 
Fort Madison, and, in the spring of 1852, commenced the lumber business in 
company with his brother Isaac. The brothers remained in business together 
two years, when Isaac retired and J. C. formed a partnership Avith Nathaniel 
Bennett, and built a mill on the site where the business is still continued. 
When Samuel Atlee, the oldest son of J. C, became of age, he succeeded Mr. 
Bennett, and the firm became S. & J. C. Atlee, and is now one of the most 
extensive lumber manufacturing firms along the Mississippi River. Their mills 
consist of a saw-mill, which is supplied with machinery of the most modern 
pattern, a brick planing-mill, 75x75 feet, two stories high, which is a model of 
neatness and order. Everything in this mill is arranged with a view of econ- 
omy. The machinery is all new and of the very best kind known to the business. 
Near by is their dryhouse, of large capacity. Then comes their shingle- 
mill, that has a capacity for making and packing 120,000 shingles per day. 
The mills, stables, yards, etc., cover an area of about thirty-five acres, and give 
employment to 150 men and boys, to whom they pay $2,500 monthly. The 
firm buy their logs up the river, and run them down in great rafts, and con- 
sume about 10,000,000 feet annually. Their lumber is sold to all parts of 
Southern Iowa, to Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska. 

J. C. Atlee, the founder of this immense business, is a man of wonderful 
genus and enterprise. .He commenced the world with nothing, and has fought 
hurricanes, fires, floods, ice-gorges and boiler-explosions, and conquered every 
time. The more opposition and disaster crowded, the more determined h& 
seemed to become. In November, 1858, the mill-boiler exploded, killing four 
men, Andrew Fulcher (the engineer), the fireman (a colored man), Jacob Minder 
and Albert Tracy, and two boys, Willie Kirk and George Tracy, and blowing 
the mill to atoms. Atlee helped bury the dead, and then commenced rebuild- 
ing and repairing, and soon had everything in operation again. May 3, 1866, 
that mill was destroyed by fire. In just seven weeks, it was rebuilt, on a large 
scale. The first mill had a capacity of 15,000 feet per day, and the second one- 
of 40,000 feet. It proved too slow to suit A.tlee's notions, and he tore it down 
in a few years and built the present mill, which has a capacity for cutting 65,- 
000 feet per day. 

On the 3d of July, 1875, a furious hurricane came along and unroofed 
Atlee's residence and otherwise injured it. He was absent at the time, and 
when he came in sight of his ruined home and found his family all safe, he 
swung his old hat and shouted "Allright; we'll try it again." He wentto Avork 
the same day, completed his plans and rebuilt on a grander scale than before. 
The same storm played all sorts of tricks at the mill-yard. It blew down the 
great piles of lumber, filled up the alleys and carried thousands of feet into the 
river, where it was lost; it blew their steamer, Jennie D., loose from her moor- 
ings and clear across the river, where it sunk in fifteen feet of water. The 
damage to the mill-j^ard was about $5,000. But none of these little things 



'610 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

discouraged the old man. They only whetted his appetite, brightened his 
business ideas, strengthened his enterpi-ise and stiffened his backbone. To 
quote the words of his excellent Avife, they never " cried over any of their mis- 
haps and misfortunes." Nothing short of an earthquake or volcano will ever 
discourage J. C. Atlee. 

^ WESTON MILLS. 

These mills are located at the upper part of Fort Madison, and were built 
about the same time with the Atlee Mills. They have a capacity of 40,000 
feet per day. They are now owned by a resident of the State of Maine. 

BANKING. 

In the spring of 1855, Green, Thomas & Co., then banking in Burlington, 
'established a branch in Fort Madison, under the management of Mr. Merrick. 
The firm was A. D. Green, E. H. Thomas and Gen. Fitz Henry Warren. 
The members of the firm are all dead. A. D. Green lost his hearing and died 
in Italy several years ago. E. H. Thomas became almost totally blind and 
■deaf, and died at his old home in Maine, about 1870. Gen. Fitz Henry War- 
ren, after acquiring a national reputation in public life, both civil and military, 
and in the editorial sanctum, died in Massachusetts, in 1877. 

John H. Knapp and George P. Eaton bought out Green, Thonias & Co., 
in 1856, and the firm was Knapp & Eaton until 1858, when they were suc- 
ceeded by the Fort Madison branch of the State Bank of Iowa, which was 
wound up in 1865. 

In the same year, the Fort Madison National Bank was organized by Judge 
J. M. Beck, Gen. Clark R. Wever, Frank Wever, J. H. Winterbotham, Dr. 
John Claypoole, Peter Miller and Henry Cattermole. Gen. Clark R. Wever 
was the first Cashier, and John H. Winterbotham, President. Subsequently, a 
change of officers was made, Gen. Wever becoming President and J. R. Win-~ 
terbotham. Cashier. The latter was succeeded by H. D. McConn. Gen. 
Wever was a remarkably successful banker, and during his whole management 
the losses of the bank did not exceed one hundred dollars. 

The Fort Madison National Bank continued until January 30, 1872, when 
its charter was surrendered, and the Bank of Fort Madison was ' incorporated 
under the State law. The stockholders were Henry Cattermole, A. C. Catter- 
mole, C. R. Wever, J. H. Winterbotham and J. R. Winterbotham. Henry 
Cattermole subsequently became sole proprietor, and sold out on the 6th of 
April, 1876, to Charles Brewster and Joseph A. Smith, who still continue the 
business, with a paid-up capital of $50,000. 

The German-American Bank was organized in April, 1876, by Henry Cat- 
termole, George Schlapp, Arthur Cattermole, Joseph Deiman and H. D. Mc- 
Conn, with a capital of $50,000, Henry Cattermole, the first President and 
H. D. McConn, the first Cashier, still hold those positions. 

These two banks are carefully managed, and there are no sounder institu- 
tions in the State. 

CONCORDIA HALL. 

Concordia Hall is the only public hall in the city. It was built by Charles 
Doerr, in 1866, at a cost of $11,000. It has a seating capacity for 500 per- 
sons. The hall is handsomely furnished, with large stage, scenery, etc. In 
every way it is a credit to Fort Madison. 





^Z^^^fn^ 




HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 611 

SECRET SOCIETIES. 

MASONIC. 

Fort Madison Lodge, No. 13, A., F. ^ A. M., was organized April 17, 
1846, under dispensation granted by Deputy Grand Master James R. Hart- 
sook. It was originally called Claypool Lodge, but in 1853, the present name 
was adopted. 

The charter members were J. F. Kinney, John Claypoole, Chapin Allen, 
Darius Wellington, Jacob Huner, Thomas Hale, Sr,, Samuel B. Ayres and 
Josiah Kent. 

Judge J. F. Kinney was the first Master. 

Potowonok Chapter, No. 28. — Organized April 20, 1863, under dispen- 
sation granted by Grand High Priest E. N. Gilbert to George St. C. Hus- 
sey, J. G. Floyd, I. H. West, E. J. Aldridge, C. K. Peck, J. M. Anderson, 

D. B. Smith, Jr., Robert Wooster, J. Claypoole and A. C. Roberts. 

At this first meeting, applicants for membership were U. D. Taylor, D. H. 
La Sueur, S. J. Atlee, John H. Douglass, R. W. Albright, George B. Eaton, 
-M. Case, G. W. Douglass and William Kent. 

ODD FELLOWS. 

Empire Lodge, No. 31, was instituted March 18, 1851, by D. G. M. 
Frank Bridgman. The charter members were Augustus Ehinger, S. A. James, 
J. H. McDonald, P. H. Babcock and Philetus Cowles. 

The first ofiicers were : A. Ehinger, N. G.; S. A. James, V. G.; J. H. 
McDonald, R. S.; P. II. Babcock, Treas. 

Present ofiicers : A. J. Brown, N. G.; J. A. Aldrich, V. G.; P. J. Hitch, 
B,. S.; W. Wagoner, P. S.; George Rockett, Treas. 

Of the charter members, Mr. Cowles is the only one now in the Lodge. 
He was the first member of the Order initiated in Fort Madison, and was an 
•ofiicial of the Lodge for twenty-eight years. 

This Lodge owns its own building, a three-story structure, 29x60 feet, 
standing on the corner of Front and Market streets, valued at |5,000. It is 
out of debt and has $500 in bank, besides having contributed several thou- 
sands of dollars for the relief of distressed members of the Order in various 
parts of the country. The present membership of the Lodge is sixty-three. 

Concordia Lodge. — Instituted September 9, 1861, with the following as 
charter members : Henry M. Salmon, Charles Doerr, Alex. Windmayer, Fer- 
dinand Kiel, Fred Holzberger, Michael Zimmerman, Sebastian Heitz, John 
Saar, Jacob Peters and Jacob Kindscher. 

The first officers were: H. M. Salmon, N. G.; F. Kiel, V. G.; Charles 
Doerr, Secretary, and Alex. Windmayer, Treasurer. 

The present officers: August Saechtig, N. G.; David Ernst, V. G.; Theo- 
dore Ernst, Secretary, and Carl Kennemann, Treasurer. 

Charles Conradt was the subject of the first initiation in this Lodge, which 
was on the night of its organization. 

Fort Madison Lodge, No. 167, was established on the 7th of January, 1868, 
and worked under dispensation until the meeting of the Grand Lodge, in Octo- 
ber following, when a charter was granted. First officers: B. F. Bates, N. G.; 

E. Smith, V. G. ; J. H. Reynolds, R. S. ; Martin Heisey, Permanent Secre- 
tary ; M. F. Hosselton, Treasurer. Present officers : R. G. Rasnick, P. G. ; 



612 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

F. H. Semple, N. G. ; A. W. Hoffmeister, V. G.; J. W. Albright, Secretary;- 
J. Wilde, Treasurer. 

G-em City Encampment, No. 85, was organized and instituted by M. W, 
Grand Patriarch, George Whipple, January 7, 1876. The charter members 
were J. H. Reynolds, J. A. McCormack, F. M. Smith, John Scott, John Page, 
S. Aldrich, Newton Holt, C. Pyle, W. S. Wagoner, H. Taylor, W. C. Patts, 
F. M. Hosselton, S. B. Jacobs, A. Morrison, W. C. Hobbs, P. Cowles, J. J. M. 
Angear and Theodore Pyle. 

Officers for the first term : James H. Reynolds, Chief Patriarch; P. Cowles, 
High Priest ; F. M. Hosselton, Senior Warden ; John Page, Junior Warden ; 
S. Aldrich, Scribe ; J. A. McCormack, Treasurer. 

Present officers : W. S. Wagoner, Chief Patriarch ; Wm. Winters, High 
Priest ; H. Taylor, Senior Warden ; A. J. Brown. Junior Warden ; S. Aldrich, 
Scribe ; F. M. Hosselton, Treasurer. 

Past Chief Patriarchs, J. H. Reynolds, F. M. Hosselton, John Page, S, 
Aldrich, C. Pyle, George C. Bauder. Present membership, fifty-three. 

KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. 

G-em City Lodge, No. 21, K. of K., was instituted June 9, 1873, with the 
following named charter members : John Van Valkenburg, A. C. Roberts, J. 
C. Wal'ters, C. J. Montandon, M. Morris, John Phillips, George H. Schafer, 
F. M. Smith, J. L. Briggs, William P. Staub, S. H. Craig, J. F. Edwards, C. 
W. Fox, S. B. Jacobs, H. D. McConn, J. S. Harper, C. E. Babcock, William 
Pritchett, J. B. Herdman, L. G. Kiel and Joseph A. Nunn. 

First principal officers : J. B. Herdman, P. C. ; A. C. Roberts, C. C. ; 
John Van Valkenburg, V. C, and George H. Schafer, K. of R. and S. 

There have been initiated ninety-eight applicants. Present membership, 
eighty-six. T. S. Jackson is the present Chancellor Commander, and J. R. 
Tewksbury, Keeper of the Records and Seals. 

The Lodge-room, on the corner of Second and Pine streets, is handsomely 
arranged and furnished, involving a cost of $1,000. Twice a month, the mem- 
bers and their friends meet for social pleasure, in an apartment especially 
arranged for that purpose. 

Humboldt Lodge, No. 4-^, Knights of Pythias, was instituted May 28, 1878, 
with twenty-four charter members, as follows : H. C. Spreen, Carl Lohmann, 
Charles Keunemann, A. J. Windmayer, Jr., John Ehart, Theodore Ernst, David 
Ernst, Charles Walter, William Amborn, Henry Kniemeyer, Louis Reader, 
William Heising, Adolph Amborn, John Rieffenach, George Herold, Aug. 
Roehsner, Joseph F. Salmon, John Junge, Otto C. Herminghausen, Henry 
Schlapp, Eugene Stempel, William Ehart, Charles Sandvos and George 
Haessing. 

First principal officers : H. C. Spreen, P. C. ; Carl Lohmann, C. C, and 
A. J. Windmayer, Jr., K. of R. and S. 

The present membership of the Lodge is thirty-five ; and its meetings are 
held in the room of the Gem City Lodge. Charles Keunemann is present C. 
C, and Aug. Roehsner, K. of R. and S. 

The members of this Lodge are all Germans, who take an interest in their 
work, and it is prosperous and flourishing. 

A. 0. u. w. 

Ancient Order of United Workmen, No. 164, organized March 20, 1878. 
Charter members : S. Aldrich, W. E. Anawalt, J. C. Blackburn, S. B. Davis, 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 613 

M. C. Doolittle, J. H. Engle, S. D. Hustead, W. H. Meacham, N. B. Miller, 
C. Marsh, R. Gr. Rasnick, J. V. Stevenson, C. Thomas, J. R. Tewksbury, J. 
B. Mason, J. P. Smith, F. Herman, G. W. Bonnell, F. D. Lowry, G. E. Krich- 
baum and James McCord. 

The first officers are as follows : S. Aldrich, P. M. W. ; R. G. Rasnick, 
M. W.; J. H. Engle, F.; John Mason, Overseer: S. BrDavis, Recorder; K 
B. Miller, Receiver ; J. C. Blackburn, Financier ; John Stevenson, Guide ; 
F. Herman, I. W., and G. E. Krichbaum, 0. W. 

Present officers : II. G. Rasnick, P. M. W. ; J. B. Mason, M. W. ; J. H. 
Engle, F. ; J. V. Stevenson, Overseer ; C. Thomas, Recorder ; N. B. Miller, 
Receiver ; S. D. Hustead, Financier ; W. H. Meacham, Guide ; Ed. Waller, 
I. W., and E. W. Anawalt, 0. W. 

RED-RIBBON MOVEMENT. 

The services of Mr. J. C. Bontecou were secured by some of the Christian 
men and women of the city, to conduct a series of temperance meetings in Fort 
Madison. 

These meetings commenced Wednesday evening, January 16, 1878, and con- 
tinued one week. A great interest was awakened in the cause of temperance, 
and all classes of citizens crowded to hear Mr. Bontecou. Over 800 signatures 
to the following Red-Ribbon Pledge were secured: 

" We, the undersigned, for our own good, and the good of the world in which 
we live, do hereby promise and engage, with the help of Almighty God, to 
abstain from buying, selling, or using alcoholic or malt beverages, wine and 
cider included." 

The Fort Madison Red-Ribbon Reform Club was then organized, by Bro. 
J. C. Bontecou, Tuesday evening, January 22, 1878. The following officers 
were elected for one year : W. C Hobbs, President ; P. Frailey, First Vice 
President; James Pollard, Second Vice President; S. B. Davis, Third Vice 
President; B. C. Davis, Secretary; A. L. Courtright, Financial Secretary; 
M. Case, Treasurer ; J. E. Stevenson, Steward ; Joseph Burns, Cal. Marshy 
Marshals ; J. Wilde, Sergeant-at-Arms. 

The club immediately rented a building on Front street, between Pine and 
Cedar, for a club-room. The first story of this building was nicely fitted up 
for a reading-room and hall. The second story was used for a smoking-room ; 
and the third was occupied by the boys as a gymnasium. 

The ladies of the White-Ribbon Club presented to the Red-Ribbon Club, 
for their reading-room, a large picture of Bro. Bontecou, and a fine eight-day 
clock, and have lately added an organ to the same. The business meetings of 
the Red and White Ribbon Clubs are held in this hall. The mass meetings of 
the club are held every Sunday evening at the Court House, and have been 
uniformly well attended. These meetings have been addressed by speakers 
from home and abroad, and have been of great interest. They have served to 
uphold and strengthen the temperance sentiment of the community. On 
January 21, 1879, the club celebrated the first anniversary of its organization bp 
a fair and festival, which was a grand success in every way. During the first 
year of it?, existence, the club expended over $1,200. At the beginning of the 
second year, the club was entirely out of debt, and had money in its treasury. 

The following persons were elected officers for the second year : J. A. 
McCormick, President; F. H. Semple, First Vice President; W. T. Lowery, 
Second Vice President ; J. Montgomery, Third Vice President ; Sabert M. 
Casey, Secretary ; M. S. Chamberlin, Assistant Secretary ; William G. 



614 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Albright, Financial Secretary ; J. Wilde, Treasurer ; Greorge B. Leidy, Stew- 
ard ; William A. Young, H. Mittendorf, Marshals ; George Barrows, Sergeant- 
at-Arms. 

The club has been fortunate in the selection of its officers, and to them 
much of the success of the club is due. 

The total number of signers to the Red, White and Blue Ribbon Clubs 
has been over one thousand six hundred, and the number is steadily increasing. 
The good that the club has already done is incalculable. The moral tone of 
the community has been greatly improved, while the temperance sentiment is 
gradually growing. Working as it does on the principle of moral suasion alone, 
it is destined yet to continue the good work until the city shall be freed from 
the curse of intemperance. 

The Ladies' White-Ribbon Club of Fort Madison organized January 22, 
1878 : President, Mrs. Ellen E. Smith ; Secretary, Miss JEmma Frow ; 
Treasurer, Mrs. Samuel Atlee ; Vice Presidents — Methodist Church, Mrs. A. 
Angear ; Presbyterian Church, Mrs. James Green ; Baptist Church, Mrs. C. 
R. Beck ; Christian Church, Mrs. Dr. J. H. Bacon ; Upper Catholic, Miss Ella 
Fahey ; Lutheran, Mrs. F. Holzberger ; Lower Catholic, Mrs. Daniel Sher- 
wood ; at large, Mrs. H. C. Weston ; Episcopal Church, Mrs. M. Case ; 
Executive Committee — Mrs. Arthur Cattermole, Mrs. Mary Wilde, Mrs. 
Joseph Atlee, Mrs. A. J. Hughes, Mrs. Isaiah Hale, Mrs. N. B. Miller, Mrs. C. 
J. Montandon, Mrs. Emma Pound. 

Officers for 1879 : President, Mrs. Ellen E. Smith ; Secretary, Mrs. Eliza E. 
Malcom; Financial Secretary, Mrs. E. C. Tewksbury ; Treasurer, Mrs. Samuel 
Atlee ; Vice Presidents — Presbyterian Church, Mrs. Cordelia Berry ; Metho- 
dist Episcopal Church, Mrs. John Wilson; Baptist Church, Mrs. A. J. 
Hughes ; Episcopal Church, Mrs. J. W, Albright ; Christian Church, Mrs. 
George Leidy ; Lutheran Church, Mrs. Louisa Schaffer ; Upper Catholic, 
W. T. Lowry; Lower Catholic, Mrs. Daniel Sherwood; at large, Mrs. Mary 
Wilde. Executive Committee — Mrs. J. W. Frow, Mrs. J. C. Blackburn, 
Mrs. Anna Miller, Mrs. Clara R. Beck, Miss Maria Newton, Mrs. W. C. 
Hobbs, Mrs. Jane H. Coriell, Mrs. SallieEngle. 

MORRISON'S PLOW WORKS. 

Established in 1864, by S. D. Morrison & Sons, on Front street, and 
enlarged in 1868. In 1873, the firm was changed to Morrison Bros., and the 
increase of business in the succeeding two years was such that still larger facil- 
ities were necessary in the business. In the fall of 1875, the present buildings 
and grounds were ready for occupancy. They occupy an area of 145x250 
feet — the most extensive manufactory of the kind west of the Mississippi 
River. The annual product is 6,000 plows and prairie-breakers, 3,000 road- 
scrapers, 500 cultivators and 200, harrows, besides a large amount of special 
work, as ordered. 

The value of the yearly product of the works is estimated at $150,000. 



BREWERIES. 

In 1844, Garvasius Santo started a little brewery on the lot now occupied 
by the lower Catholic School building. It was of the rudest character, the 
building consisting of a shed made with four posts, no siding, a loft, floored 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 615 

■with poles, on which rested the cooler, and a roof of clapboards. The kettles 
for brewing were on the dirt floor beneath. The beer manufactured by Santo 
would not compare with the foaming beverage now supplied by George Schlapp, 
and it is stated that Santo kept a strainer to free the glasses from the hops 
which still remained when drawn for use. 

Santo sold out to Stephen Girardi, who transferred the establishment to the 
corner of Second and Pine streets. 

In 1845, August Trenschel fitted up a brewery in a frame building pur- 
chased of Joseph Webster, standing where George Schlapp's brewery is now sit- 
uated. In 1851, he sold out to Henry Koehler, of whom George Schlapp 
bought in 1863, and, in 1868, enlarged to its present dimensions. This brew- 
ery, one of the most complete in the State, consists of a main building, 42x72, 
two stories high, a brewing, malt and ice house, 80x130, with a cellar in the 
bluff, of 1,500 barrels capacity. 

In 1866, V. Buechel and Anton Burster started a brewery on Third street, 
in Webster's Addition, which is still operated by Burster. 



KEOKUK. 

EARLY HISTORY. 

May God forbid that a son of Caledonia should ever desert his child or disown his clan. 

To Dr. Samuel C. Muir, the author of this beautiful sentiment, belongs the 
honor of building the first house on the site of this now busy and prosperous 
city of 15,000 people. 

The history of the location, from the time Dr* Muir established a home 
here for his Indian wife and children, in 1820, to 1836, is fully covered in 
Isaac R. Campbell's " Recollections of the Early Settlement of Lee County," 
and the address of Capt. James W. Campbell at the Old Settlers' gathering at 
Warren Station, in September, 1875, both of which productions are already 
presented in these pages. 

^ ^ ^ ORIGIN OF THE NAME. 

"July 4, 1829," says Dr. Isaac Galland, in a letter published some years 
previous to his death, in 1858, " was celebrated on a steamboat lying at the 
foot of Avhat is now Main street. It was at this meeting, presided over by Col. 
George Davenport, the name Keokuk was given to the place." 

Isaac R. Campbell says : " Up to the year 1835, the settlement at the foot 
of the rapids had been without a distinctive name. Its various aliases were 
' Puck-e-she-tuck,' 'Point,' 'Foot of the Rapids,' etc. It was finally proposed 
by a number of steamboatmen, while detained here lighting over the rapids, 
that it should commemorate the name of the peace chief of the Sac tribe. 
From this time the name of Keokuk was adopted, and, in 1837, I sold my 
potato-patch inclosure to Dr. Isaac Galland, Agent of the New York Land 
Company, and, under his supervision, a city in embryo was formally 
inaugurated and recorded as ^Keokuk.'" 

Whatever the difference between Dr. Galland and Mr. Campbell as to the 
time when the name " Ke-O-kuk " was adopted, both agree that the honor of so 
naming it belongs to steamboatmen. 

The honor of founding the city is about equally divided between Dr. Sam- 
uel C. Muir and Dr. Isaac Galland — Dr. Muir by reason of his building the 
first house, in 1820, and Dr. Galland in laying out the original town plat, in 



616 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

1837. In the early part of this year, Isaac R. Caropbell sold his " potato- 
patch on the top and side of the hill" to Dr. Galland, who represented the 
New York Land Company. This company had been organized for the pur- 
pose of buying up Half-Breed lands, and was backed by a large capital. The 
St. Louis Land Company was organized for the same purpose. Both com- 
panies bought Half-Breed titles Avherever they were offered for sale, and, as a 
natural consequence, there was a lively competition between them. In the end, 
the New York Land Company secured the inside track, and kept it to the end. 

In the spring of 1837, Dr. Galland employed a surveyor named Brattle, who 
lived at Warsaw, to make a survey of the original town plat, and subdivided it 
into blocks, lots, streets, alleys, etc. It is said that after the survey was made, 
Galland refused to pay him the price agreed upon, which caused a good many 
hard words to be said about him. Galland had a crockery store at Warsaw, 
and what remuneration Brattle did receive was in goods out of that establish- 
ment. 

The original plat bears the following endorsement : 

" Presented to the City Council of Keokuk, November 27, 1850, by I. 
Galland & Co., through their attorney, Gen. R. P. Lowe. 

" Filed for record in October, 1840, and recorded in November, following. 

"John H. Lines, County Recorder.'' 

The original plat, as filed for record, is dated July 23, 1840. The certifi- 
cate of the Surveyor is in the words following : 

I hereby certify that this plat, with the accompanying notes, is a true survey of the town of 
Keokuk, situated in Section 30, Township 65 N., R. 4 W., and also Sections 25, 26 and 36, 
Township 65 N., R. o W. of the 5th Principal Meridian, in Lee County, Iowa Territory. 

ALANSON RIPLEY, 

.July 23, 1840. Deputy Surveyor of the Half Breed Reservation. 

^ r GRANTS FOR PUBLIC USES. 

All the streets and alleys in this town, except the alleys passing through blocks num- 
bered 13, 25, 26, 23, II and 50, and Water street, are hereby declared to be, and forever 
to be, and to remain public highways forever. Block No. 205 is hereby granted as the 
public burying ground for the use of the citizens of said town of Keokuk. 



In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my hand and affixed my seal, this 3Uth 
day of .July, 1840. 

In presence of) . ISAAC GALLAND, Trustee. [seal.] 

M. Aldrich, V ISAAC GALLAND, 

Jno. W. Atres. J for himself and other proprietors, [seal.] 

Acknowledged .luly 30, 1840, before Robert E. Mott, Justice of the Peace. 

When Dr. Galland caused the survey to be made, to which the above papers 
refer, the only tenements in Keokuk was the ragged row of miserable houses 
known as " Rat Row." About the time the survey was made, or soon after, 
several shanties were erected along the beach. A heavy tide of immigration 
was flowing in, and these shanties were thronged with the moving multitude. 
Hotel accommodations were limited, and the people were glad to get shelter and 
accommodation of any kind, and at any price. 

The first public sale of town lots occurred in June, 1837. The sale was 
extensively advertised, and was largely attended. A steamboat came up from 
St. Louis loaded doAvn to the guards Avith passengers who came to attend the 
sale. The rivalry between the New York and St. Louis Land Companies added 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 617 

interest to the occasion, and excitement ran high, but the sale passed off with- 
out personal collisions or bloodshed. The sale of lots, however, did not reach 
the number anticipated by the proprietors of the town, but the price bid for one 
*' corner lot," $1,500, was highly gratifying to Galland and others interested 
with him. 

For several years the business of the town was confined to the levee, and 
mostly to the four corners at the crossing of Front and Johnson streets and 
" Rat Row." The growth of the town was slow. Up to 1840, there was no 
perceptible improvement. At that time, and for several years afterward, the 
bluffs now occupied by the city were covered with timber' 

L. B. Fleak, Esq., now editor of the Sun at Brighton, Washington County, 
this State, who was here the first time in October, 1888, contributes the follow- 
ing items in regard to old Keokuk : 

" My first visit to Lee County was irf October, 1838 ; my wife accompanied 
i:ie. We landed at Keokuk and found the water too low to cross the rapids, 
but the captain of the boat sent Mrs. Gehon, of Dubuque (wife of the U. S. 
Marshal for Iowa Territory — Ed.), and my wife, up to Nashville in a yawl, whilst 
the rest of us, including Judge Jo. Williams, then on his way to Iowa to take his 
seat on the Territorial Bench, footed it up. 

"When we reached Nashville, Maj. Taylor kindly offered to take all the 
above named, and Porter, of Michigan, to Burlington, which was the destina- 
tion of all except Mrs. Gehon and Porter. 

" We had a jolly time on the road. The Judge was constantly displaying 
his ventriloquism until we arrived at the ' Bullard House,' in Fort Madison, 
where we were hospitably entertained, and had an old-fashioned good time 
of it. 

" We remained a day in Fort Madison, when the Major took us on to Bur- 
lington. 

" On our return, we stopped again at Fort Madison, one night. When we 
arrived at Keokuk, we were detained a half a day waiting for a boat, which 
gave me time enough to see what I thought was the future of Keokuk, and I 
made up my mind to make it my future home as soon as I could close up my 
business in Richmond, Mo. 

" In March, 1839, we again left for Iowa, but my wife became blind from 
sore eyes, and I stopped in Clark County, Mo., until March, 1840, when we 
resumed our journey, reaching Keokuk on the 8th of that month. 

" I had previously purchased for a residence the house known as Dr. Muir's, 
which stood on the first bench from the river, between the levee and First 
street. It was a comfortable double house, built of logs and well finished, with 
other buildings, such as kitchen, roothouse, stable and a large garden. For the 
possession of this property, 1 paid a man named Smith six hundred dollars. 

" I then opened a boat store on the levee, bought two barges and went into 
the lightening business. 

" The front pf.rt of the old ' Keokuk House,' 2dx44 feet, and three stories 
high, was built by Moses Gray, Esq., during the summer of 1839, and subse- 
quently sold to Dr. Galland. It was built of split lumber, and was roofed and 
weather-boarded with clapboards, with partitions made of green cotton-wood 
boards. I rented it for $200 per year, moved in and opened it as a hotel. 
Soon after I went into it, a transcript of a judgment against the Doctor for $800 
was sent from St. Louis, under which it was sold. I bid it in for the St. Louis 
creditors for the amount of the judgment. Shortly afterward, I bought the 
•building for $640 in cash. 



618 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

•' Two years afterward, an atidition of 60 feet by 44 was ovoorod. making 
the hotel 86 by 44 feet, the second frame house in Keokuk. 

'• It may be a matter of interest to state that Prinoe De Joinville and his 
suite were my guests one day and night, in 1841. They had been to Green 
Bav to see the man. Rev. Williams, who, it was claimed, was the lost Bourbon, 
The Prince did not claim him as one of the Bourbon stock, and so left him in 
quiet at his G r -en Bay home. 

'^ I was appointed Postmaster at Keokuk, June -A, 1841, and held the office 
until I resigned, in 1844. The post office was tirst kept in the ' Keokuk 
House," and" Avhen I rented oit the hotel, in 1848, I moved the office to the 
corner of First and Johnson streets, and afterward to a building midway 
between First street and the levee, on Johnson street. 

*' During the time 1 kept it at the latter place, my store was robbed, but the 
mail-matter^was not molested. There was $22,000 belonging to the United 
States, lying in an old pine desk, in the store-room, when the robbery took 
place. It had been handed to me by Maj. Stewart. Army Paymaster, for safe- 
keeping, and 1 had gone home and forgotten it. ^Yhen we caught the burglar. 
I asked him why he did not open the desk and take the money ? He said he 

did lift the cover, but thought no one was d d fool enough to leave money 

in such a place.'" 

The burglar proved to be a man named Kilgore, a somewhat suspicious 
character that had been in the A'icinity for some time as wood-chopper, etc. He 
was arrested a few days afterward, a short distance below Alexandria, Mo., and 
brought back. After a preliminary examination, he was sent up to the Peni- 
tentiary, at Fort Madison, for safe-keeping. But he did not remain there long 
before lie managed to make his escape. In effecting his escape, he nearlv killed 
a man in the prison employ, by fracturing his skull with a blow from a musket. 
He eluded capture, and was afterward seen in St. Louis, by Capt. James W. 
Campbell and another man, tlie last of whom tracked him to his stopping-place, 
which he marked with a piece of chalk on the window. Campbell hunted up 
some police officers and tried to persuade them to arrest Kilgore, tliat he might 
be returned to Iowa, but they were afniid to undertake the job, and so he got 
away, and was never afterward heard from. 

In July, 1841, the population of Keokuk was estimated at loO : in 1846, 
at oOO, an increase of only 3o0 in five years. At this time, says Henry D. 
Bartlett, the Hardin House corner was occupied by a long, narrow, two-story 
frame building, with the roof sloping one way, that was known as the " Shot- 
Tower."" It was used by K. B. Hughes ^^ Co., for offices, sleeping-rooms, etc. 
This year (^1846), Lyman E. Johnson built a small brick house on the east side 
of Second street, between Main and Johnson. The site of this first brick house 
in Keokuk would be in the rear of the present Graham Block. "West of Second 
street, for several years, there were but very few houses of any kind. Second 
street was '* away* out in the suburbs" — too tar aAvay from the business center 
of town to over amount to anything — so thought the people who lived and did 
business under the hill. The square bounded by Main, Johnson, Second and 
Third streets, was inclosed, and used as a pasture, by Capt. HoUiday. Henry 
D. Bavtlett cut the timber and made the rails that fenced it, and is still wait- 
ing, but without hope, for his pay. 

In 1847, the population was 1,120. a little more than double what it was in 
1846. In 1848. it had increased to 2,118. 

In 1849, when A. Woicott came to engage in the business of packing pork, 
savs Col. Parrott. he selected the corner of ^laiu and Third streets as far 



TITSTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 619^ 

enough aAvay from the center of business and popuhition to relieve the people 
from the stench that necessarily arises from such establishments. The corner 
is now a busy one, and is occupied by D. H. Annable as a clothing-house. 
The business has extended along Main and Johnson streets nearly a mile beyond 
Wolcott's old place, and thei'e are noAV more business houses on Main, between 
Tenth and Twelfth streets, than there were in the entire town when Wolcott 
commenced operations in 1849. Speaking of pork : The first hogs seen in 
Keokuk were brought in a keelboat from Fort Edwards, by Dan Hine, about 
1841. 

In March. 1849, the business had increased from the few business places 
on the levee on Front street, as enumerated in the beginning of this chapter, to 
twelve or fifteen dry goods stores, three iron stores, three Ixiot and shoe estab- 
lishments, three saddlery and harness shops, three clothing houses, six black- 
smith-shops, four wagon-makers, two gunsmiths, one hat manufactory, one 
coopering establishment that worked thirty to forty men, four hotels, one 
surgeon dentist, seventeen physicians, twenty-two lawyers and two printing 
otlices. From occasional preaching in one of the seven buildings that made 
up "Rat Row," five religious societies — one Methodist, two Presbyterian, one 
Baptist and one Catholic — had been organized, and religious services were held 
every Sunday. A lodge of I. 0. 0. F., with fifty members, had been insti- 
tuted (in 1848), and also a division of the Sons of Temperance. In Septem- 
ber, 1848, a brass band, with a Mr. Downing as teacher, was organized, and, in 
1849, was in full blast and ready to provide music for all public occasions. 

The first Postmaster in Keokuk was John Gaines, b\it he was never regu- 
larly appointed. Mails at that time were brought from Warsaw, 111., in a skiftV 

The first regularly-appointed Postmaster was L. B. Fleak, whose commission 
from President Tyler was dated June 24, 1841. He served until June, 1844, 
when he resigned. There was a hot contest between W. S. McGavic and John 
Ainsworth, for the vacancy, but Henry J. Campbell and others, without asking 
his consent, secured the appointment for Ad. Hine, who was away most of the 
time, running on the river. He made John B. Russell, Avho afterward started 
the Dispatch, his deputy. Hine says all he knows about being Postmaster is 
that, some years afterward, he was called on to pay some hundreds of dollars, 
of which the oflfice was found to be short when his successor took possession. 
This shortage was attributed solely to carelessness in keeping accounts. 

The large cooper-shop, to which reference has been made, was owned by R. 
B. Hughes, father of Mrs. George H. Williams, wife of United States Attorney 
General Williams during the last years of the administration of President Grant. 
The shop stood on what is now Second street, near Johnson. It was the largest 
cooper-shop west of Cincinnati at that time, and was considered a great advan- 
tage and benefit to the interests of Keokuk. On the night of the 8d of Janu- 
ary, 1848, the shop caught fire and was entirely consumed, with all its contents, 
incliiding 400 barrels, a large amount of cooper-stuft', the tools of the workmen, 
etc. The cellar contained about 400 bushels of potatoes, 150 bushels of beans, 
100 bushels of onions and some other stuff that had been stored there for pro- 
tection against the frosts of winter, which were completely roasted. The loss 
was about $3,000. But Hughes was not a man to be cast down by such 
trifies, and, almost before the fire was extinguished, he set to Avork to rebuild, 
and in just seven days' time, another shop occupied the place of the old one, 
ready for use — an evidence of enterprise rarely surpassed. The new shop was 
dedicated with a grand ball on the night of Monday, the 17th of January, 
w^hich was largely attended by the citizens of Keokuk and adjacent communities. 



■620 HISTORY OF LEE COONTY. 

Kate Williams was a dashing belle, then, and little did she or any one else 
at that ball imagine, as she '' hoed it do^Yn" to the tune of "Fisher's Horn- 
pipe," or other dancing-tunes of the puncheon-floor period, that the time would 
■come when she would be a kind of reigning queen in the circles of court society 
at the nation's capital. Nor more did she dream, as she climbed the bluifs at 
the city of her girlhood's home, that, in less than half a century, she would be 
in position to command the use of landaus or other finely-fashioned and 
gorgeous means of conveyance in which to make " calls" among the families of 
Senators, Cabinet-officers and foreign ministers in the avenues of the " city of 
magnificent distances." "' Fortune is a fickle jade." 

The city was incorporated under an act approved February 23, 1847. The 
first election for city officers was held on Monday, the 3d day of January, 1848. 

Three wards were established. The First Ward included all that part of 
the city lying between the Mississippi River and Second street, and was 
bounded on the southwest by a line drawn from the river to the center of Sec- 
ond street, between and parallel with, and at equal distances from. Main and 
Johnson streets. 

The Second Ward included that part of the city lying between the river and 
the center of Second street, and was bounded on the northeast by the line aforesaid. 

The Third Ward included all the remainder of the city between the center 
of Second street and the northwestern boundarj'- of the city. 

The voting-place in the First Ward was at the Rapids Hotel : in the Second 
Ward, at the American House; and in the Third Ward, at I. G. Wickersham's 
office. 

Candidates for city officers were plenty. For Mayor, the Register announced 
the names of Col. William Patterson and E. C. Stone. Col. Patterson declined 
to be a candidate. A citizens' meeting was held at the Baptist Church, on the 
evening of the 28th of December, to select a candidate. The name of William 
A. Clark was presented, and, there being no opposition, he was declared to be 
the choice of the people for Mayor. P. D. Foster and John W. Ogden were 
nominated for Aldermen in the Third Ward, and Capt. William Holliday and 
H. Bassett were nominated for Aldermen in the Second Ward. The following 
was the result of the election : 

For Mayor, Capt. Clark, Whig, received 175 votes, and E. C. Stone, 
"Possum Whig," 87 votes; majority for Capt. Clark, 86. 

James Mackley and William C. Reed were elected iVldermen from the First 
Ward ; Herman Bassett and William Holliday, from the Second Ward ; and 
•John W. Ogden and John M. Houston from the Third Ward. 

The first meeting of the City Council was held January 10, 1848, at the 
Mayor's office, with the Mayor and all the Aldermen present. J. W. Ogden 
was appointed Clerk pro tern. The Mayor read his address, after whicli the 
Council proceeded to elect a Clerk, Assessor and Marshal: A. V.'Putman, 
Clerk; L. E. H. Houghton, Assessor; and D. Murray, Marshal, Collector and 
Treasurer. Messrs. Ogden, Holliday, Houston and Reed were appointed a 
committee to report resolutions for the government of the Council, after which 
the Council adjourned to meet the following Monday. 

The first ordinance passed by the Council was at the meeting of Monday, 
January 17, 1848. It was entitled "'An ordinance relative to the Clerk of the 
Oouncil of the City of Keokuk." 

There was a great deal of business to claim the attention of the city fathers, 
and they continued in session on Tuesday, the 18th, Wednesday, the 19th, and 
Thursday, the 20th, both morning and afternoon. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 621 

Monday was occupied in getting the city machinery in motion ; Tuesday, 
S. Haight & Co. were granted the privilege of placing a wharf-boat at the foot 
of Main Street. The first tax levy for city purposes was f of 1 per cent. 

A room was rented from L. E. H. Houghton at |4 per month, for the Mayor's 
office. The width of pavements was established at fifteen feet on Main street, 
and twelve feet on the other streets. 

In February, Mr. Dagger was employed by the city to establish the grade 
of Johnson, Main and Blondeau streets, at a compensation of |3 per day. 

The city secured the M. E. Church for the first term of the District Court 
held at Keokuk, paying the Trustees $2.50 per day for its use. March 20, 
the Council allowed a bill of $oO for the use of the church for the first term of 
the Court. 

February, 1848, the Council employed William Telford as City Attor- 
ney. 

Monday, March 6, 1848, the Council proceeded to elect a "Road Super- 
visor and Street Inspector." Alderman Bassett proposed Hawkins Taylor ; 
Alderman Houston proposed W, Pattee. Taylor received three votes and 
Pattee one. The compensation was fixed at f 1.50 per day for each day actually 
employed, and he had to give bond at that. Hawkins Taylor is now a well- 
known citizen of Washington, and William Pattee is equally familiar to the 
people of the city of Des Moines. 

The second election for city officers (first full term) was held on the 10th 
of April, 1848. Justin Millard was elected Mayor ; A. Yan Tuyl and Moses 
Job were elected Aldermen from the First Ward ; Silas Haight and George 
Watkins from the Second Ward ; and Clark Johnson and Robert P. Creel from 
Third Ward. 

The new Council met April 17, and elected minor officers as follows; T. F. 
Anderson, Clerk ; James T. Cochran, Assessor (unanimous) ; M. T. Landon, 
•City Marshal, Collector and Treasurer. Levi Millard was elected Street Com- 
missioner, April 27, 1848, although a petition signed by 118 citizens was pre- 
sented the Council praying the re-instatement of Hawkins Taylor, who had 
been ordered to cease work ten days before. 

Monday, May 1, W. C. Read was appointed to be City Attorney. 

Hawkins Taylor denied the power of the new Council to remove him from 
office, admitting that he had done his duty, and the question was submitted to 
the Judge of the District Court. 

The Council meeting of June 5, 1848, was a stormy one. An effort was 
■made to elect a wharfmaster. D. Hine, P. Vushroot and G. C. Harriott were 
voted for, but there was no election. After four ballots, the Mayor called 
Alderman Creel to the chair, and verbally tendered his resignation. The 
question of acceptance was put to vote, and Alderman Johnson was the only man 
who voted aye. Mr. Johnson then offered his resignation ; Messrs. Watkins and 
Haight voted aye. 

October 17, 1848, Mayor Millard's written resignation was read to the 
Council and unanimously accepted, and an election ordered for the 28th of 
October, to fill the vacancy. At a meeting of the Council on the 19th of 
October, the Council voted to depose Clerk Anderson, and Jonas W. Brown 
was elected to be his successor. Anderson refused to turn over the books and 
papers, and L. E. H. Houghton was employed to assist City Attorney N. Mun- 
ger in preparing charges and bringing an action against Thomas F. Anderson, 
to compel him to turn over the books. The charges filed against Anderson 
were : (1) Making unnecessary charges in advertising ordinances, by writing 



622 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

more words than the ordinances contained ; (2) altering records of Council^ 
and (3) incompetency, from drink. 

At the special election for Mayor, on the 28th of October, Uriah Raplee- 
was elected, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Mr. Millard. 

At a meeting of the Council on the 6th of November, 1848, it was voted 
to pay the Clerk a fixed salary of $300 per year. 

At a Council meeting December 16, 1848, a resolution was passed fining; 
the members $1.25 for each absence, and also imposing a fine of 25 cents for 
smoking in the Council-chamber when the Council was in session, the proceeds 
from these fines to go for lights and stationery. At the same meeting, Jonas 
W. Brown was elected City Recorder. Messrs. Haight and Walker were 
allowed their expenses and $1.50 per day for going to Iowa City in the inter- 
ests of a new charter. M. F. Landon was elected to be City Marshal. 

And thus commenced the city's career. Measures were inaugurated for 
grading and improving the streets ; roadways and streetways were cut through 
the hills and bluffs from the river. Improvement succeeded improvement, and. 
building followed building to the top of the bluffs, along the streets, and then 
began to scatter out along the cross streets. 

In 1851, the bulk of the business had been transferred from the levee and 
Front street to Second street, between Main and Johnson streets, and to Main 
street, between Second and Third. An occasional shanty was built along the 
ravine that intersected Main street, between Third and Fourth. 

At the corner of Sixth and Main there was a deep ravine. Previous to 
1842 or 1843, this ravine was impassable. At that time, a German butcher 
named Long, a member of Jo Smith's Church of Mormon, owned and occupied 
a small frame house at the corner of Main and Fifth streets, the site now occupied 
by the savings-bank. He was a good citizen and a man of enterprise and inter- 
ested in the growth and prosperity of Keokuk. He desired to have Main 
street opened to the western limits of the town. The only way that could be 
done was by filling up or bridging that ugly ravine. So he preseijted the mat- 
ter to the church of which he was a member, and on a certain day, the Mor- 
mons came in force from Nauvoo and other localities, with axes, picks, spades, 
shovels and teams, to undertake the work. The citizens here joined them. 
Large trees were felled and cut in lengths to suit, and then hauled or rolled to 
the bottom of the ravine. Some of the trees were two feet in diameter. Brush 
was cut and piled on the logs, and then the earth was dug away from the steep 
places and transferred to the top of the log and brush heap, and the obstruc- 
tions caused by the ravine were thus overcome, and Main street opened to pub- 
lic travel. 

The logs are there yet, and will remain there until the earth is consumed 
by fire, as it is written it shall be. It is said by Israel Anderson, H. D, Bart- 
lett and others, that the Mormons were very liberal in such undertakings and. 
toward each other. If one of them undertook a contract for clearing land, 
making rails or cutting cordwood, his brethren all joined in and made short 
work of the undertaking. 

Dick Richardson, a small man, with sandy hair and whiskers and a large 
woman for a wife, was one of the first to settle out beyond Sixth street, where 
he built a small cabin, from very small logs. The logs were so small that two 
men could carry them from where they were cut to the cabin site. When the 
cabin was completed, it was so low that "Black Hawk No. 2 " (Israel Ander- 
son) could not stand erect under the eaves of the roof. When he attempted to^ 
enter the door, he had to do so half bent. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 623 

The Richardsons brought with them a high-posted bedstead, and when they 
•came to occupy their cabin it was found the roof was too low for the posts of 
the bedstead. Dick, the husband, proposed to cut them off to suit the height 
of the roof, but his wife said him nay ; and when a big wife with a little hus- 
band says no, she means it. So she had him cut holes through the roof for 
the tops of the bed-posts, and in that way the bedstead was put up. The posts 
reached up as m.uch as two feet above the roof, and stood that way for a long 
time. The Richardson cabin stood near the present site of Fuller's drug store. 
In 1853, there were some indications of a removal of business to Third 
street, between Main and Johnson, and, in 1854, a number of business houses 
were established in that locality, and also along Main, from Second to Fourth. 

When the question of land titles was settled, in 1854, speculation in town 
lots commenced, and prices went kiting. This speculation continued until 
interrupted by the financial panic in 1857. Buying and selling lots was the 
ruling idea. Agents were sent here from New York, Boston, New Orleans, 
Charleston, S. C, St. Louis, from all the money centers of the United States, 
and from London, England, to make investments. People went almost mad 
with excitement. 

In the spring of 1857, Hawkins Taylor, O'Harra and Rufus Wilsey 

organized a company to build a grand hotel, one that would be in keeping, 
every way, with the grand future that seemed to be opening out before Keokuk. 
The corner of Main and Fifth streets was selected for the proposed hotel, and 
$40,000 were paid for 150 feet front. The erection of the Estes House was 
commenced and carried up to the fourth story, when the panic came on. There 
was a wonderful shrinkage in values, and the projectors of that mammoth 
structure were forced to succumb to the inevitable. In their extremity, they 
applied to Col. J. K. Hornish for aid to complete the undertaking. Hornish 
responded, and commenced to advance money to finish this metropolitan enter- ' 
prise. In the end, he had to take the building and ground, and to assume 
the management of its completion, the entire cost of which was about $187,000. 
It was never opened as a hotel, and, when the war commenced, it was occupied 
as a Government hospital. 

The following letters of well-known men will show the estimate that was 
put upon Keokuk real estate about the time the Estes House was building : 

Keokuk, January 9, 1857. 

Messrs. George P. Bissell & Co.— Gentlemen : Mr. D. Redington has requested me to 
give my opinion as to the value of Lots Five (5) and Six (6), Block Thirty-one (31), in this city. 
The lots are on the corner of Fourth and Exchange streets, well situated for business purposes, 
in a part of the town where extensive improvements are being made and property rapidly 
advancing. I should consider the lots ample security for $10,000 or !|12,000. 

I suppose they would now sell on the usual time, one, two and three years, with 10 per 
■cent interest per annum, on which property is sold here, for $21,000 to $25,000. 

It gives me pleasure to say that Mr. Redington is a good citizen and an energetic business 
man, and, I may add, has been quite successful. 

Respectfully yours, D. W. KILBOURNE. 

P. S.— I am well acquainted with Messrs. Stempel & Harper, of Fort Madison, and have 
•entire confidence in their abstracts of title. D. W. K. 

Keokuk, January 18, 1857. 

Mr. Gbokge p. Bissell— S"*'?- ; I am required by Mr. Redington to state to you the cash 
value of his property on the corner of Exchange and Fourth streets. Lots 5 and 6, Block 31, 
Keokuk, Iowa. 

I am acquainted with the property, and can say it is among the best in the city in its 
locality, and will soon be in the center of the business part of the city. It would sell now for 
from $20,000 to $30,000, and if they were mine, I would not sell them for that. 

Mr. Redington is one of our best business men, successful in all his undertakings, is doing 
a very large business, and is considered a reliable and responsible man. 

Yours very truly, SAMUEL R. CURTIS, 

Mayor's Office, Keokuk. 



624 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

In my opinion, Lots Five (5) and Six (6), in Block Thirty-one (31), in the city of Keokuk, 
are \Yorth from ?!20,000 to §25.000. T do not think, if they were mine, T -wouhl sell them for 
less than ?2o,000. and I consider them ample securitv for the sum of §10,500. 

WiM. W. BELKNAP, 
Agent Phoenix and Hartford Fire Insurance Compafiies. 
Refers to Messrs. S. L. Loomis, H. Kellogg and C. B. Bowers. 
Keokuk, Iowa, February 2, 1857. 

In 1854, the railroad land-grant system of Icwa was organized, upon a 
large land grant from the United States to the State of Iowa. This grant was 
manipulated in the exclusive interests of roads centering at Chicago. At this 
date, there were no railroads touching the Mississippi River, and Keokuk was 
the practical head of unobstructed navigation, and St. Louis was the com- 
mercial center of all the trade of the Upper Mississippi country. But the 
railroad land-grant system soon changed all this. Capittil, being invited by the 
land grant, pushed roads from foiw different points across the State east and 
west above the rapids, and all in the interests of Chicago. The completion of 
these roads changed the direction and practically superseded the influence of 
St. Louis and the river trade. 

In 1857, the population of Keokuk was about fifteen thousand. When the 
panic came on, in September of this year, everything became prostrate, and 
business combinations discouraged. Property began to depreciate in value, 
ai^d the population to scatter, so that, at the beginning of the war in 1861, 
there was a real decrease in population. When the war commenced, there was 
an apparent revival of business and prosperity, resulting, in a great measure, 
from the large hospital arrangements and recruiting-stations which were estab- 
lished here. But there was no substantial increase of population or wealth. 
As soon as the war ended and Government business was closed up, everything 
fell back into legitimate channels, and the population was discovered to be at a 
stand-still, nor has it ever advanced above 15,000 at any time. At one time 
during the heyday of Keokuk's prosperity, scores of men Avere engaged in digging 
down bluffs in one place and filling up ravines in another. The streets were 
almost completely blocked with great piles of brick, sand, lumber, lime and mortar- 
beds. But, notwithstanding the fact that many of the old first buildings were 
torn away to make room for brick structures, of which the city is mainly com- 
posed, some of the primitive frame buildings, with clapboard weather-boarding, 
are still standing as reminders of the olden time. When the first houses were 
built, sawed lumber was scarce, and nearly all of it was brought up the river 
from St. Louis or from points along the Ohio River. The flooring in the 
Hardin House was brought from that direction, and some of the floors have 
never been replaced. In the billiard-hall, in particular, the floor is as good 
and as solid as when it was first laid down. The lumber from which it was 
made is of yellow pine, and is good for another quarter of a century, unless 
destroyed by fire. Since the days of Pittsburgh lumber and clapboard Aveather- 
boarding, the pine forests of Northern Minnesota and Wisconsin have been 
utilized and made to pay tribute to all the cities along the entire course of the 
Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. 

Keokuk is, and must always remain, a trade center of no ordinary impor- 
tance. It is a natural receiving and distributing point for a large scope of the 
richest and most* productive country on the American continent. Practically, 
it is at the head of unobstructed navigation. For many years after Iowa 
began to settle up, and before . the day of railroads, goods were brought from 
New York, Philadelphia and other markets, by water-craft to New Orleans, or 
from Pittsburgh, down the Ohio River to its mouth, and then up the Missis- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 625 

sippi to the foot of the Rapids. Here they were discharged. That part of 
the cargoes consigned to up-river towns was lightened over the Rapids and then 
reloaded. Goods consigned .to interior points, Des Moines, Fort Dodge, 
Indianola, Winterset, Centreville, Oskaloosa, Ottumwa, Fairfield and other set- 
tlements, were hauled overland from Keokuk in prairie-schooners, hundreds of 
which have been seen alonof the levee and Front street at one time. When 
great lines of railways began to be extended from New York and other Eastern 
trade-centers to Chicago, and then from Chicago west to the Mississippi and 
Missouri Rivers, competing points sprang up, and every possible means was 
employed to overcome the natural advantages of Keokuk as a commercial city. 
Added to these natural advantages, it was fortunate that the early merchants, 
capitalists and public men were of the most liberal and enterprising character, 
and that they had the nerve and determination to "hold the fort" at whatever 
cost to themselves. And they succeeded. Nature provided the rock and the hill 
upon which Dr. Samuel C. Muir and Dr. Isaac Galland founded the city. 
Nature made the gate of entrance to the Territory of Iowa, and faithful senti- 
nels have always guarded it. These sentinels never slept. They were always 
on the alert. Their quick eyes saw every movement made in the interest of 
rival points, and their enterprise foiled them at every turn. This enter- 
prise has resulted in not only maintaining the natural advantages of location, 
but in fortifying it with a net-work of railroads that bids defiance to the com- 
bined influence of all rival interests between St. Louis and St. Paul, on the 
one hand, and Chicago and Omaha on the other. Keokuk enterprise and fore- 
sight secured a combined railway and wagon bridge across the Mississippi 
River, that not only secured the trade of a large section of Illinois, but opened 
direct communication with Eastern trade-centers. The same enterprising 
spirit also bridged the Des Moines River, and brought the trade of North- 
eastern Missouri to the doors of the merchants and traders. When the- 
railroad interests sought the right of way to build a bridge, Keokuk enter- 
prise insisted upon a combined right of way, that farmers and local travel 
might be benefited as well as moneyed monopolies. The railroad interests 
stormed and threatened to locate their bridge at some other point. The 
people were not intimidated by such threats, but demanded that the bridge- 
should be open to local trafBc as well as railway trafiic. They stood firm,, 
and the result of that firmness is the magnificent combination bridge that 
is a benefit and an advantage to Keokuk, the farmer and the railway interests 
alike. 

-The same enterprise that planned and completed their mammoth bridge 
structure, also secured the construction of six difterent lines of railroad, that 
radiate from Keokuk. Besides the benefit derived directly from these roads, 
there are others that serve as feeders. 

The supremacy of Keokuk over any other city in Iowa, as a wholesale mar- 
ket, is unquestioned. She does the largest grocery trade, the largest dry goods 
and notion trade, and the largest boot and shoe trade of any town or city in the 
State. 

There are five exclusively wholesale grocery houses, the most of which have 
been in continuous business for more than twenty years. 

Burlington has three wholesale grocery houses, the largest and oldest of 
which does not sell more goods, annually, than the smallest Keokuk house. 

Ottumwa has one jobbing grocery house ; Oskaloosa, one; Des Moines, two ; 
Muscatine, two ; Davenport, two ; Dubuque, three ; Council Bluifs, one; Sioux 
City, two. 



'626 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Among the dry goods and notion houses, Keokuk, probably, has the largest 
establishments in the State — one firm alone occupying a building 90x140 feet, 
three stories high. 

Of the boot and shoe dealers, one firm occupies a four-story building, 50x140 
feet, which is filled from top to bottom. This firm manufactures largely, and 
sells in large lots to Chicago, St. Louis, St. Paul and many other large jobbing 
centers, as well as to the legitimate trade in Iowa, Missouri and Illinois. 

The wholesale trade in iron, hardware, drugs, clothing, hats, caps, millinery 
and such lines of goods is as well represented as in any other town or city in 
Iowa. 

The lumber interests are large and rapidly increasing. In the last three 
years, the volume of this trade has doubled. Large quantities of lumber are sold 
to Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska, and Southern Iowa. 

The pioneer lumber-dealer of Keokuk was John W. Scroggs, who came to 
the city in 1846, and, in connection with his business as a carpenter, established 
a yard on the northwest corner of Second and Main streets. He is still in the 
business, on the corner of Fifth and Concert streets. The trade of Keokuk in 
this line now reaches 20,000,000 feet annually. 

The city is able now, as in the past, to maintain its p^'estige as a jobbing 
center, by reason of superior freighting facilities; Being a terminal as well as 
a competing point for all railroad and river lines, it is a question of cost. With 
four trunk lines from the East, and the river to the East and South, the question 
of freights is reduced to the minimum. 

The outlet westward from Keokuk is unsurpassed by any city in Iowa, and, 
upon the completion of the line of railroad now in course of construction, 
will be materially improved. Especial improvement will result from the com- 
pletion of the Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska, and the road down the west bank of 
the Mississippi to St. Louis. 

At this time (March, 1879), freights are being contracted from New Orleans 
to Keokuk, at 20@,25 cents per 100 pounds. These facts show why Keokuk is 
able to successfully compete with Chicago for the trade of the West. The city's 
future is as bright with hope as its past has been full of substantial prosperity. 



PUBLIC ENTERPRISES. 

RAILROAD AND WAGON BRIDGE. 

The subject of a railroad and wagon bridge across the river at Keokuk was 
first agitated in February, 1865, at which time articles of incorporation were 
■drawn up and approved, under the name of the Hancock County Bridge 
Company. 

In January, 1866, the present organization, known as the Keokuk k 
Hamilton Mississippi Bridge Company, was incorporated. 

Preliminary surveys, looking to the location and construction of the bridge, 
were made in March, 1867, by Col. Otley, of the Des Moines Valley road, 
assisted by Mr. J. S. Smith, under the direction of T. C. Clarke, Engineer-in- 
chief of the Quincy bridge. The object was to get an estimate of the probable 
cost of the structure. 

From this survey, preliminary plans were made and submitted to the city 
authorities of Keokuk, in 1868, upon which an ordinance, granting the right 
•of way across the levee, was passed and approved May 25. Final plans, esti- 
mates and reports were submitted by T. C. Curtis, Esq., to the Directors of the 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 627 

Keokuk & Hamilton Bridge Company in June, 1868. Then the prospect 
became a fixed purpose. The contract for constructing the bridge was let to 
the Keystone Bridge Company, of Pittsburgh, December 6, 1868, for $850,000. 

DESCRIPTION OF THE BRIDGE. 

The bridge has the longest draw-span on the river — 160 feet on the square, 
and 376J feet from center to center. Then there are two spans 250 feet each 
in the dear of the masonry; three spans 162 feet 9 inches from center to 
center of piers ; one span of 151 feet 4 inches, and four of 164 feet 7 inches. 
The pivot-pier is 32 feet in diameter on top ; the first pier, 7 feet by 29 on top 
and 10 by 51.9 at brottom. All the other piers are 6 by 29 at top and 10 by 
51.9 at bottom. There are thirteen in all, including the pivot-pier, the average 
height of which is 35 feet. They reach 10 feet above the high-water mark of 
1851. The superstructure is 2,192 feet in length, and, in width, 20 feet in 
the clear. There is a wagon-track of sufficient width to accommodate all kinds 
of vehicles, on either side of the railroad-track. The passage-ways for footmen 
are outside of the superstructure, and are 5 feet in width. 

The western terminus of the bridge is at the foot of Blondeau street, the 
eastern at the depot causeway. 

The work was done under the personal supervision of Mr. Joseph S. Smith, 
resident engineer in charge of substructure ; Walter Katie, in charge of erec- 
tion of bridge, assisted by Mr: F. S. Kaufman, foreman of the ten permanent 
spans ; Mr. H. M. Shotts, foreman of the draw-span, and Mr. Frank Reeder, 
machinist and foreman of the steam-engine and hydraulic works. 

The first passage of the bridge by a locomotive and cars was on Tuesday, 
April 19, 1871. To the engine was attached two passenger-cars, well filled by 
the officers of the Bridge Company and invited friends. On this first trip, the 
massive iron pivot center, on which is swung the draw-span, was crushed by the 
weight of the train; but a new one was substituted in a few days* from the 
foundry of Sample, Arraitage & Co., of Keokuk. 

Nothing in the way of a public enterprise has been of such benefit to Keo- 
kuk as the building of this bridge. Besides the advantages of railroad com- 
munication, an immense trade is secured from the adjacent country in Illinois, 
which would otherwise be lost. 



THE WATER WORKS. 

The Water Works Company was organized April 21, 1877. Capital stock, 
$100,000, divided into shares of $100 each. 

Board of Directors — William Leighton, Guy Wells, W. C. Stripe, Pat 
Gibbons, S. P. Pond, James H. Anderson. 

Officers — President, William Leighton; Vice President, Guy Wells; Treas- 
urer, Edward Johnstone; Secretary and Engineer, W. C. Stripe. 

HISTQRY OF THE ENTERPRISE. 
[From the Gate City, July 19, 1S7S.] 
The great inconvenience to which the citizens of Keokuk have been peri- 
odically subjected through lack of water, an inconvenience amounting almost to 
distress at times, induced W. C. Stripe to study the subject of an artificial sup- 
ply of that indispensable element. 

Some three years since, a few citizens, at his invitation, met at the U. S. 
Engineer's office to inspect his plans and consult respecting the feasibility of 



G28 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

erecting Water Works. The plans, so far as they were matured, met their 
apjjrobation, and he was requested to complete them and make estimates of the 
probable cost and profits. 

Before this was completed, a Mr. Weir, who had just completed the Water 
Works at Muscatine, visited Keokuk, and submitted to the City Council a plan 
to furnish a supply of water for domestic and public purposes, which combined 
the two grades of gravity and direct pressure — gravity for domestic, and direct 
pressure for public purposes, including the extinguishing of fires. 

Mr. Weir's plan was a very good one and met the approbation of the City 
Council, and he was requested to meet the Council at its next session and explain 
his plans and estimates more in detail. He appeared before the Council, as 
requested, and explained his plans, which comprised a reservoir on the avenue, 
capable of holding 130,000,000 gallons, with pumping machinery to furnish 
1,500,000 gallons each twenty-four hours, five and one half miles of mains 
and fifty hydrants, at a cost of $150,000. 

Mr. Stripe also appeared before the Council, and upon permission being^ 
given him, addressed them in opposition to Mr. Weir's proposition, mainly on, 
the score of its extravagant cost, criticised it in detail and proved to the satis- 
faction of al] Avho heard him that the entire apparatus proposed by Mr. Weir 
could be furnished for a sum but little exceeding one-half his figures. Consider- 
able excitement ensued on the subject, Mr. Weir having stated publicly that his 
plans would assuredly be adopted. But the inexorable logic of figures pre- 
vailed and the Weir project was abandoned. Now was Mr. Stripe's opportunity. 
He invited a number of gentlemen who had manifested an interest in the mat- 
ter to meet him at his residence. To them he exhibited his plans and estimates, 
which they examined minutely, and having approved them determined to submit 
them to the City Council and ask their co-operation to establish the work. 

Mr. Stripe met the Council, exhibited the plans and estimates, which com- 
prised pumping apparatus to furnish 1,000,000 gallons per day, a stand-pipe 
sixty feet high, to be erected at the intersection of Second and High streets, a 
location 154 feet above the city datum line, and about eight miles of mains, at 
a cost of 170,000 to |75,000. 

This would have furnished an ample supply for domestic use all over the 
city and for fire purposes, without the intervention of fire-engines at any point 
no higher than Main street. 

The city fathers gave this plan a qualified approval, but decided that to have 
their entire approval and co-operation, the whole city must be protected by the 
hydrants independent of fire-engines. With indomitable pluck and tenacity, Mr. 
Stripe again went to work and devised the plan which was adopted, and the 
consummation of which has been established. 

To the gentlemen comprising the Board of Directors the citizens are also 
largely indebted for these works. More particularly may be named in this con- 
nection William Leighton, President ; Guy Wells, Vice President ; J. H. 
Anderson and S. P. Pond, Directors of the Company. 

But for their nerve and foresight, we would have had no water works. They 
worked for them physically and mentally ; they contributed liberally of their 
means and influence, and that, too, at a time when probably not one in ten of 
our citizens had any faith in the result. Through good and evil report they 
gave the project an energetic support, and the fruit of their labors is now 
apparent and a fixed reality. Nor must we forget the contractors. These gen- 
tlemen from the start have put the works through in a manner without prece- 
dent. They have done the work thoroughly, have very far exceeded the 



mSTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 629 

requirements of their contract, and furnished us, as we sincerely believe, the 
best works of their size in the United States, and beyond a doubt the cheapest. 
'Tis a pleasant task to award them all praise for their vim, their intelligence 
and their honorable conduct. And while according credit to others for the 
part they have taken in the enterprise, we cla,im that the Crate City is entitled 
to its share. We consider that to W. Ci Stripe, more than to any other one 
individual, Keokuk is indebted for the works. He has striven with tireless 
energy and an unyielding determination to succeed. The other gentlemen 
named are also entitled to all praise. But when the project was hanging in the 
balance, and it was uncertain whether it was going to win or not, the Gate City 
took hold Avith earnestness and labored day after day in urging upon our citi- 
zens the importance of securing the works, until the necessary amount of stock 
was taken, and the success of the undertaking insured. 

THEIR CHARACTER AND CAPACITY. 

There are ten miles of mains, covering all of the business and nearly all 
of the valuable residence property of the city, seventy-five double hydrants and 
five public drinking-foun tains, that have a capacity for furnishing 2,200,000 
gallons of water every twenty-four hours. 

The distribution of the mains is as follows : 

The fourteen-inch pipe from Water to Third street, on Concert. 

The twelve-inch pipe on Main from Third to Twelfth street, and on Third 
from Concert to Main. 

The ten-inch pipe on High from Third to Fourteenth, on Fourteenth from 
High to Main, and on Main from Twelfth to Fourteenth. 

All the balance is six-inch pipe. The following is approximately the num- 
ber of feet of each size of pipe: 

Fourteen-inch, feet .' 1,050 

Twelve-inch, feet 4,100 

Ten-inch, feet 6,300 

Eight-inch, feet 4,600 

Six-inch feet 34,770 

The hydrants are located as follows : 

Main street — One on each corner from the Levee to Fourteenth street. 
Bloudeau — At Levee, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Seventh, Ninth and Eleventh streets. 
Concert — At Levee, Fourth, Fifth and Eleventh streets. 

High— At Second, Fourth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Tenth, Twelfth, Thirteenth and Four- 
teenth streets. 

Morgan — At Second, Third, Fourth and Seventh streets. 

Fultou— At Fourth, Ninth, Eleventh and Twelfth streets. 

Franklin — At Third, Fifth and Seventh streets. 

Orleans — At Fifth, Eighth and Ninth streets. 

Avenue — At Seventh and Eighth streets. 

.Johnson — At Levee, First, Second, Third, Fifth, Seventh, Ninth and Tenth streets. 

Exchange — At Second, Fourth, Sixth and Twelfth streets. 

Bank — At Seventh, Ninth and Tenth streets. 

Timea— At Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth and Twelfth streets. 

Fifth — At Cedar and Palean streets, and the porkhouses. 

Fourteenth — Between Blondeau and Concert streets. 

The engine-house, which is located at the foot of Concert street, is of brick 
with a slate -roof, 35x60 feet. The smoke-stack is 110 feet in height. The 
filter is 50x15 feet. All water for private consumption passes through this, 
and is thoroughly cleansed. The influent-pipe is twenty inches in diameter, 
and the suction-pipe sixteen inches. An admirable arrangement has been made 
for obviating the tendency of the influent-pipe to clog up by deposit of silt. 



680 HISTORY OF LKE COUNTY. 

By closing one valve and opening another, a stream can be throNvn by the 
pumps through the inilueut pipe outward with ample force to clear all impedi- 
ments. This is a new feature in the construction of water works, and a very 
valuable one. 

The pumping machinery is of the latest design of the Holly Manufiicturing 
Company, and embraces all recent valuable improvements. The engine is of 
the compound type, and guaranteed to perform a duty equal to raising 50,- 
000.000 pounds of water one foot with 100 hundred pounds of coal. .It has 
four steam-cylinders, each 14^ inches in diameter, :22-incli stroke, with four 
corresponding pumps, each 8 inches in diameter and 2'2-ineh stroke, attached 
by direct connections, and erected on a heavy -arched, double frame of iron, set 
at an angle of ^H^ degrees, one steam-cylinder and its pump being placed at 
each of the four corners. The frame supports at its top a shaft Avith an over- 
hani^ing crank at either end. to which the four engines are connected by ordi- 
narv connecting-rods. The cylinders and pumps are detached at pleasure, and 
mav be run singly, in pairs or all together, according to the demands for water- 
supplv from time to time. The engine is provided with the usual air-pump 
and jet or surf^ice condenser, and by a peculiar arrangement of pipes and valves 
niav be run either at a high or low pressure or compound engine, and may be 
changed from one to the other at any moment by the engineer. This arrange- 
ment is necessary to secure economical daily pumping for domestic supply, 
which is done by compounding steam, and prompt increase of power for 
efficient fire protection, which is secured by converting the machine into a high- 
pressure engine. When compounding, the steam is taken from the boilers into 
one cylinder and exhausted into the other three, and when running high-press- 
ure, steam is taken directly into all the cylinders, thus increasing the power 
from four to eight times. 

The cost ot'the works will be about §100,000. The amount paid the con- 
tractors is nearly §91,000, but there will be other expenses and outlays that 
will run the total cost up to nearlv the sum named. 

HOW A.LAKMS ARE GIVEN. 

Immediately upon a hydrant being opened, a steam-whistle in the engine- 
room announces the tact and the throttle-valve is opened automatically. This 
is not as quick or reliable as the fire-alarm telegraph, but will answer the pur- 
pose verv well until the city gets ready to invest in the latter improvement. 
A water-pressure of oO pounds at the highest points in the city is kept on 
constantly, and when an alarm of tire is given this is increased as may be 
necessaiy. 

Operations on the works were commenced February 8, 1878. They were 
to have been completed by June 18, but were<lclayed through ttjrdiness on the 
part of the city in grading the streets where pipes were to be laid as provided 
bv ordinance. At the time of the final test, July 18, 1878, the contractors 
had boon employed just seventy-four working days. Messrs. Coverdale vi 
OowcU were the contractors. 

The machinery was put up under the supervision of A. P. Holly, of .Lock- 
port, N. Y. 

The pipes were furnished by Dennis Long \ Co., of ljouisvilU\ Kv. 

The following gentlemen were the officei*s and employes of the ^Yater 
Works Company at the tune of their completion: .President. William Leigh- 
ton; Vice President, Guy Wells; Chief Engineer and Secretary, W. C. 
Stripe; Directoi'S. AVilliam Leighton. Guy Wells, S. P. Pond. ,1. II. Anderson 



HISTORY OP LER COUNTY. .631 

and George Williams; First Engineer, F. A. Holly; Second Engineer, George 
Workman; Third Engineer, William Meek. 

President, William Leigh ton ; Vice President, Guy Wells ; Chief Engineer 
and Secretary, W. C. Stripe. 

Directors, William Leighton, Guy Wells, S. P. Pond, J. 11. Anderson and 
George Williams. 

First Engineer, F. H. Holly ; Second, George Workman ; Third, William 
Meek. 

FINAL TESTS. 

The final tests of the works Avere made on Thursday, July 18, 1878, and 
was an eventful day in the history of Keokuk. Says the Gate Citys local 
report : 

" The day started ofl' in the red-hot fashion of weather that has prevailed 
for the past two weeks — the sun scorching and baking everybody and every- 
thing, the thermometer climbing, umbrellas and parasols spread and fans going 
nervously. Notwkh'standing this, the streets began to swarm with teams and 
people at an early hour, the circus procession and the water works dividing the 
interest, with the odds in favor of the former. After that was over, however, 
the crowd turned its entire attention to the water works, and every movement 
was watched with interest. The sidewalks on Main street were thronged nearly 
the entire length, and every window and door along the route thai offered any 
sort of a view of the display was filled with as many heads as could be crowded 
into it. It is difficult to estimate the number, but it is safe to say that several 
thousand people were congregated to witness the exhibition, a goodly number 
of whom were strangers.. A gentleman who was at the test of the Burlington 
works says the crowd yesterday was at least three or four times greater than on 
that occasion. 

''Test number one took place promptly at 9 o'clock A. M. Three one inch 
streams were thi-own from hydrants on the corner of Twelfth and Timea, 
Twelfth and Exchange and Tenth and Timea streets. This is the highest 
point reached by the mains, and the test was therefore one of the severest on 
the programme and one which indicated Avhat the works will do. The eleva- 
tion is 115 feet above the pumps, and the contract required that a stream should 
be thrown 60 feet high. The stream was measured and found to reach an alti- 
tude of 146 feet, or nearly two and one-half times higher than the contract calls 
for. This was a wholly satisfactory test, and all interested expressed themselves 
highly pleased with it. Adding the elevation from the pumps to the altitude 
of the stream, we have a height of 261 feet, to which water was forced. The 
display was an attractive one, and was Avitnessed and admired by a large gather- 
ing of spectators. 

" Display number one consisted of a stream thrown from three hydrants 
through a one and three-fourths inch nozzle at the Presbyterian Church, corner 
Seventh and Blondeau streets. This location was chosen in order to compare 
the altitude of the stream with the height of the church steeple. Soon after 
the Avater Avas turned on, a section of hose near the nozzle burst and had to be 
replaced. Just as the stream was beginning to climb Avell the second time, a 
break occurred in the main corner Sixth and Main street, tearing up the street 
and crossing, and forcing a large volume of Avater to a height of several feet. 
This interfered Avith the pressure so that the stream on Seventh only reached an 
altitude of 164. 2o feet. Except for the break, it Avould no doubt have ascended 
to a height of 220 or 230 feet. The contract calls for* an altitude of 100 feet 
at that point, so that as it Avas the stream Avent 64 feet higher than was required 



632 HISTOEY OF LV.V. COUNTY. 

of it. Including the elevation of 60 feet from the pumps, the total altitude was 
224.28 feet. The church steeple is 151 feet in height, so that the stream 
reached IB teet above that. It was very uniform in size and height, and pre- 
sented a very beautiful appearance as it shot heaveuAvard in a solid column and 
descended in whiro sprays. 

'* Test number t\Yo consisted of six one-inch streams, from the hydrants at 
Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth and Tenth, on Main. At tirst,*the valves 
■where the water had been cut off" from the break leaked so that it was impossi- 
ble to obtain the pressure necessary to make the test ; but this difficulty was 
subsequently overcome, and six very line streams were thrown. Wliile all of 
them were on, the one at Fifth street was measured, and found to bo loo feet. 
The elevation above the pumps at this point is 65 feet, making a total hei»:ht 
of 198 feet. 

"Following this, came a display not on the programme, one in which the 
weather took a hand.. A heavy thunder-storm came up, and for about an hour 
the rain descended in torrents. It was a display that was* enjoyed as much as 
any of the others, for, after two weeks of sweltering weather, people took an 
interest in seeing water come down as well as go up. During and subsequent 
to the storm, the thermometer fell from 96*^ to SO'', and the change Avas a 
delightfully refreshing one. After the storm and an intermission of two houi-s, 
the people again assembled, to witness display number two, which consisted of 
eight one-inch streams, from the hydrants at Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth, 
on ^lain, and of Johnson, iNIain, Blondeau and Concert, on Water street. 
This was a splendid display, the streams all being good ones. The one at the 
corner of Main and the Levee reached an altitude of 149.1 feet. All that the 
contract requires is that six streams shall be thrown to a height of 100 feet. 

" Display number three was the crucial tost of the works. A one-inch stream 
Avas thrown for tifteen minutes through 1,200 fet\k of hose, at the end of High 
street. The elevation above the pumps at this point is 120 feet, and the stream 
was thrown to a height of 92 feet, making 212 feet in all. The friction through 
this length of hose is very great, and although the display was not as attractive 
as some of the others, the test was one of the most satisfactory. 

OTHER DISPLAYS. 

" The remainder of the displays took place at the corner of Main and the 
Levee, being four large streams, each of which was tlirown through three lines 
of hose, centering in one nozzle. This was. undoubtedly, the most magnifi- 
cent exhibition on the entire programme. The foUoAving is the height reached 
by the different streams : ir,>,., 
H-inoh sti-eam -1 ' 

o .. .. -jii; 

21. - .. " * .! VMl 

2I ^. ■■ 21tK^ 

"The Avater-pressure during the test varied from 180 to 195 pounds to the 
square inch, and the steam-pressure stood uniformly at about 90 pounds. 

" The altitudes of the streams Avere taken by Maj. Worrall, of tlie Rapids 
Improvement, and Mr. Stripe. It Avas done by means of an instrument, and 
can be relied on as absolutely correct. Only the solid streams Avere measured. 
Sprays shot up from these a* distance of several foot, but they Avere not meas- 
ui-ed. 

'* The test Avas a very gratifying one to all concerned. Except for the break 
in the main, better results Voulil liave been shoAvn, but the result was, on the 



HISTORY OF LEK COUNTY. 633 

whole, entirely satistactory, and everybody seemed pleased with the exhibition. 
The test was made under the direction of Contractor Cowell, and was admira- 
bly nuvnaifed throughout. The nuivements of the liremen were directed by 
Chief Wickersham and his assistants. The firemen worked hard, handled the 
pipes well." 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

Hook and Ladder Company No. 1 was organized in the spring of 1856. 
Benjamin F. Dodson was President ; D. B. Smith, Secretary, and John B. 
Knight, Treasurer. Dodson now lives at Decatur, 111., and Smith and Knight 
still reside in Keokuk. Tlie first Truck Foreman was L. L. O'Connor, now 
deceased. 

The Young America Fire Company was organized at a meeting of citizens 
]i:^ld at Burrows Hall, October 9, 1856. Hon. John Adair McDowell, present 
Superintendent of the Custom House building at Chicago, was President of 
the meeting. A number of the gentlemen present at that meeting became 
prominent public characters. Among these were Gen. S. R. Curtis, Gen. W. 
W. Belknap, late Secretary of War, Hugh W. Sample, and others of that 
class of Keokukians. Frank H. Norton, a Southerner, and a young lawyer, 
was Secretary of the meeting. He returned South and became a noted char- 
acter in the rebel army. The late Confederate General Winder was also a 
young lawyer here at the time, and became notorious as Superintendent of 
Libby Prison, at Richmond, Va. R. H. Magruder, also of Southern birth 
and education, was an active member of the company, and was its President 
for three or four yeai's. 

Messrs. Curtis, Belknap, McDowell, Sample and Magruder took an active 
part in securing the first hand-engines. The '' Gallery " was built at Balti- 
more Works of Rogers & Son, and the "Honneyman" was of Boston manufac- 
ture. The "Gallery" became useless years ago, and was sold for old brass. 
The "Honneyman" is still in active use, and is at the "Rolla" engine-house. 
The " Columbia " hose-reel has been remodeled and changed to a one-horse 
truck. 

STEAM ENGINES. 

The first steam-engine was manufiictured at the Amoskeag (N. H.) Works. 
It was purchased by the city authorities in the spring of 1866, and presented 
to the Young America Company, by Avhich name it was christened. 

The Rolla Fire Compan}'^ was organized in 1860. Among the prominent 
members were George Hagny, W. B. Miller, George W. Hardesty and A. J. 
Hardin, the present City Marshal. This company raised about one-half of 
the purchase money for their first engine. The first meetings of the company 
were held in an old blacksmith-shop belonging to Christ. Smith, one of the 
members, who made a large triangle which served the company in place of a 
bell. After the great fire of July, 1870, the city purchased a Silsby (Seneca 
Falls, N. Y.) engine, which was christened the "Rolla," and presented to this 
company. In 1874, the ""RoUas" sold their old engine to West Point. 

The Union Fire Company No. 3 was organized in 1861. George T. Hig- 
gins, the present Sheriff"; W. B. Miller, who was afterward Chief Engineer 
of the Fire Department, and now deceased ; William Landers, Jacob Speck, 
Donald Robinson and Ed. Bowden were amonj; the active members. This 
company first worked the old "Gallery" hand-engine, which was turned over 
to them by the "Rollas." In 1866, the "Young Americas" turned "Little 



634 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Honneyman " over to them, which is still in good condition. It remained under 
their direct control until the organization of the paid fire department in 
Octoher, 1878. Until that time, the fire apparatus was managed by indepen- 
dent fire companies. 

^ VETERANS. 

The following-named gentlemen have been prominently identified with the 
fire department since the first organization of Hook and Ladder Company No. 
1, in the spring of 1856: Capt. W. H. Appier, Joseph A. Samuels, Ed. C. 
Booth, James Lynch, George Hagny, A. J. Hardin, Jacob Schlotter, H. C. 
Landes, the present President of the "Young Americas," Charles Wright, Ed. 
H. Jones, Robert Martin, E. H. Wickersham, John liuse and Henry d'Louis. 
Of these, the following-named have severally served as Engineers-in-Chief: 
Joseph A. Samuels, Ed. C. Booth, George Hagny, A. J. Hardin, Jacob 
Schlotter and E. H. Wickersham. Mr. Samuels has also served as Alderman. 
James Lynch is now Justice of the Peace, and has held various other ofiices 
during the last twenty years. H. - C. Landes, the present President of the 
"Young Am'ericas," has also served as Foreman and Secretary of the com- 
pany. Henry d'Louis has been a member of the Young America Company 
since he was a boy ten years of age. He commenced "running with the 
machine" at that age, as torch-bearer, and Avas taken into full membership at 
the age of twenty-one years, served the allotted ten years, and is now an hon- 
orary member of the company, and a member of the paid department. 

KEOKUK GAS-LIGHT AND COKE COMPANY. 

Edward Kilbourne and William Herrick were the original projectors of the 
works which were erected and mains laid in the fall of 1855. The Company 
was not organized until December 20,. 1855, when the two above named and 
Charles B. Foote filed x\rticles of Incorporation under its present name, with a 
capital stock of $100,000. Edward Kilbourne was its first President, and 
Josiah Davis first Secretary. The street-lamps were first lighted on Friday even- 
ing, January 4, 1856. 

The present ofiicers of the Company are D. Mooar, President, who owns a 
controlling interest in the Company ; R. H. Wyman, Vice President ; and H. 
R. Miller, Secretary and Superintendent. 



BANKING INTERESTS. 

To George C. Anderson belongs the credit of opening the first banking- 
house in Keokuk. In 1846, he opened a broker's office in connection with his 
business, as Avholesale grocer, on the corner of Second and Johnson streets. 
Subsequently, he established the well-known banking-house of George C. Ander- 
son & Co., which he conducted until his death, in 1867. 

In 1852, Charles Parsons opened a bank on Main street, two doors east of 
Second. The building, a one-story brick-and-stone structure, still stands, occu- 
pied as a cigar-store. Parsons afterward moved to the southeast corner of Second 
and Main streets, where, he went under in the crash of 1857. 

Soon after Parsons, the banking-house of Granville B. Smith & Co. Avas 
opened, the members of the firm being Fitz Henry Warren, A. D. Green and 
E. H. Thomas, of Burlington. 

They were succeeded by A. L. Deming & Co. (J. H. Claypooie) in January^ 
1856. Afterward, the firm was Deming & Love. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. . 685 

In June, 1856, E. R. Ford, diaries T. Graham and D. W. Ford opened a 
banking-house. Others, who engaged in the business in the flush times ^vhich 
culminated in the panic of 1857, were George Chapin and George C. Lee, from 
Albany or Auburn, N. Y.; Hatch & Thompson, from Kentucky ; and Ficklin 
k Lucas. 

On the 4th of February, 1858, the banking-house of Rix, Hale & Co. was 
opened, and continued until March 3, 1862, when Mr. Hale was elected Cashier 
of the State Bank, and the exchange and deposit branch of the business was 
discontinued. 

George C. Anderson was succeeded by Alex. Barclay & Co., afterward 
Bower, Barclay & Co. Barclay died in 1871. 

The financial interests of Keokuk are, at this time, represented by four 
banks, all of them of the most substantial character and transacting a profita- 
ble business. 

STATE NATIONAL BANK. 

This institution is successor to the Keokuk Branch of the State Bank of 
Iowa, which was organized September 25,. 1858, with the following as the orig- 
inal Directors : John W. Cleghorn, John G. Floyd, Samuel F. Miller, Benja- 
min F. Moody, James M. Shelley, Smith Hamill, Christian Garber, J. C. 
Ramsey and J. B. Billings. 

Samuel F. Miller was its first President, and J. W. McMillen first Cashier. 
The latter was succeeded by 0. C. Hale, March 3, 1862. 

In 1865. the present bank was organized, under the national banking act, 
with a capital of $150,000, wliich remains unchanged. The authority of the 
Government was conferred July 15, 1865, and the bank was opened for business 
August 1, following. The first Directors were Enos H. Harrison, James F. 
Cox, Abraham B. Chittenden, George B. Smyth and Arthur Hosmer. The 
first officers were: James F. Cox, President; George B. Smyth, Vice Presi- 
dent ; and 0. C. Hale, Cashier. The present Directors are Arthur Hosmer, 
Guy Wells, Abraham B. Chittenden, Oscar C. Hale and William F. Shelley. 
Arthur Hosmer is now the President ; Guy Wells, Vice President ; and 0. C. 
Hale, Cashier. The bank has a surplus of $35,000. 

KEOKUK NATIONAL BANK. 

Organized June 15, 1872, with a paid-up capital of $100,000. William 
Patterson, President, and Ed. F. Brownell, Cashier, have held those positions 
since its organization. The first Directors were S. P. Pond, Smith Hamill, C. 
K. Peck, J. 0. Voorhies, John Given, Samuel E. Carey, William Patterson, 
William A. Brownell and Ed. F. Brownell. C. K. Peck was succeeded by 
John N. Irwin, in 1877, the only change since the first organization. 

KEOKUK SAVINGS BANK. 

Incorporated December 19, 1867, and opened for business February 10, 
1868. Edward Johnstone was its first President, and William Thompson, 
Cashier. Judge Johnstone, the present Cashier, has held that position since 
the bank entered upon the second year of its existence, and C. F. Davis, Pres- 
ident, since March 4, 1869. 

The authorized capital is $100,000, one-half of which is paid up. 

The present Directors are Stephen Irwin, C. F. Davis, B. P. Taber, 
Edward Johnstone and A. L. Connable. 



•6^66 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



COMMERCIAL BANK. 

Incorporated January 1, 1872, by Edmund Jaeger, B. B. Bower and J. W. 
Hobbs, with a paid-up capital of $50,000. It was re-organized in May follow- 
ing, with its present officers : R. F. Bower, President ; H. W. Rothert, Vice 
President, and Edmund Jaeger, Cashier. 



INSURANCE COMPANIES. 

IOWA STATE INSURANCE COMPANY. 

This Company, organized for insurance against fire, on the mutual plan, 
was incorporated January 26, 1855, by the following-named persons: E. H. 
Harrison, J. W. Rankin, A. Bridgman, William F. Turner, George B. Smyth, 
E. R. Ford, A. B. Chittenden, R. P. Creel, John McCune, C. Garber and C. 
H. Perry. These, by the Articles of Incorporation, were declared the first 
Board of Directors. 

The first officers of the Company, elected February 2, 1855, were : E. H. 
Harrison, President ; J. W. Rankin, Vice President ; W. F. Turner, Secre- 
tary, and A. Bridgman, Treasurer. 

The present Board of Directors is constituted as follows : S. Hamill, R. F. 
Bower, W. A. Brownell, Hugh Robertson, S. E. Carey, A. L. Connable, Guy 
Wells and A. V. Leopold, of Keokuk ; Isaiah Meek, of Bonaparte ; S. Rich- 
ards, of Bentonsport ; E. Manning, of Keosauqua, and I. Donahy, of Council 
Bluffs. 

The present officers are: Smith Hamill, President; A. C. Connable, Vice 
President ; Samuel E. Carey, Treasurer, and Howard Tucker, Secretary. 

This is the oldest insurance company in the State of Iowa, and is strictly a 
home institution, not doing business outside of the State. 

THE IOWA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. 

This is a company organized on the mutual contribution plan, under which 
each member is assessed his proportion of a loss when the death of a member 
occurs. The Comnany was incorporated July 14, 1873, and commenced busi- 
siness March 3, 1874. 

Edward Johnstone, C. F. Davis, J. M. Love, John A. Elliott, Edward 
Mumm, Caleb Baldwin, James F. Cox, J. M. Shelley, A. L. Connable, Edwin 
Manning, A. C Roberts and Charles Doerr were the incorporators. 

The first Directors were J. M. Shelley, A. L. Connable, C. F. Davis, 
Edward Johnstone, John A. Elliott, Edwin Manning and A. C. Roberts. 

At the first meeting of the Board, July 18, 1873, J. M. Shelly was elected 
President; C. F. Davis, Vice President, and James F. Cox, Secretary. In 
January, 1874, Dr. J. M. Shaffer succeeded Cox as Secretary, the only change 
in officers since the organization of the Company. The business of the Com- 
pany is confined to the State of loAva. 

RELIGIOUS INTERESTS. 

CATHOLIC CHURCH. 

The first church-building erected in Keokuk was a frame building, which 
utood on the southeast corner of First and Blondeau streets, and was called St. 
John's Roman Catholic Church. This was built in 1838, and services were 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 637 

held therein and mass celebrated by the Rev. Father J. G. Allemann, A. M. 
Pelamourgues, and other missionary Priests, until 1848, when Rev. John M. 
Villars Avas appointed Parish Priest by the Rev. Mathias Loras, first Bishop of 
Dubuque. 

Father Villars remained Parish Priest until the year 1856, when St. Peter's 
Ohurch, on Exchange, between Ninth and Tenth streets, was built, by Rev. 
William Emonds, who was the first Parish Priest of St. Peter's congregation. 
He has been followed, in succession, by Rev. Fathers J. G. Reffe, Louis 
Decailly, J. M. Trevis and the Rev. Thomas O'Reilly, now ofiiciating. 

St. Mary's, the German Roman Catholic Church, was built in 1867, by the 
Catholic Germans of Keokuk. Father Clement Johannes was the first Parish 
Priest, and was succeeded in regular order by the Rev. Fathers Joseph Knaepple, 
Joseph Weikman, Peter Male and Rev. James Orth, now in charge. 

The church-building on the corner of Fourth and High streets, now called 
St. Francis de Sales, was bought by the Catholic citizens of Keokuk, from the 
New-School or First Presbyterian Church, in the year 1870. The first Parish 
Priest appointed for St. Francis de Sales congregation was F.. Hartin, and his 
successors were Rev. Fathers W. W. Dunn, Hugh Malone, John Barry, Joseph 
Gaffney and the present Pastor^ Rev. Maurice Howard. 

The Convent building, on Seventh and Timea streets, was erected in 1853, 
:and occupied first by the Sisters of Visitation, who, in 1867, were succeeded 
by the Sisters of Charity, now occupying the building. 

These Sisters, in addition to visiting the sick and performing other acts of 
charity, also have a day school for girls, in which all branches of learning nec- 
essary for an intellectual and moral education are taught. ' 

Connected with St. Peter's Church are the Father Mathew Total Absti- 
nence and Benevolent Society, the Willibrordus (Apostle of Holland) Mutual 
Aid Society, the Sodalities of the Blessed Virgin, of the Holy Angels and 
the Children of Mary, also a parish school, where children are daily instructed 
in all branches appertaining to an English and religious education. 

With St. Mary's (German) Church is connected the St. Joseph's Mutual 
Aid Society, the Sodality of the Blessed Virgin and a day school, kept by St. 
Franciscan Sisters, in which the children receive instruction in all the common 
branches of education, and in the English and German languages. 

At the St. Francis de Sales Church, a Father Mathew Total Abstinence 
Society is also in full organization. 

The Catholics of this city are well known for their liberality toward their 
tihurch and schools. 

Miss Mary Staiford, who played the organ in St. John's and St. Peter's, 
and who is noAV organist of St. Francis de Sales Church, deserves particular 
mention for her untiring efforts in keeping up the choirs in these different 
churches, only and solely to aid in the solemnity of the divine services. 

FIRST M. E. CHURCH. 

In 1840 or 1841, Rev. Samuel Clark, father of Samuel M. Clark, editor of the 
Gate City, held the first quarterly meeting in Keokuk, in the absence of Rev. 
Henry Summei's, D. D., "that colossal-brained and venerable patriarch" at 
that time being Presiding Elder of this district, which included all of South- 
eastern Iowa then settled. Rev. Summers was a powerful debater and a strono- 
man physically and mentally. He is still itinerating in Illinois. 

In 1842, Rev. Daniel G. Cartwright and Rev. William Simpson preached 
occasionally. To the former is probably due the credit of organizing the first 



638 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

class, which, in the spring of 1843, numbered twelve members, as follows: 
Thomas McCaveny and wife, John Forbes and wife, John Harman and wife, 
Ira Turner, Mrs. Eliza Wilson, Mrs. Samuel Reynolds, Mrs. Jenkins and Mrs. 
Elizabeth Martin. 

Services, at that time, were usually held in a log schoolhouse on the corner 
of Third and Johnson streets, where now stands the building occupied by rail- 
road offices. 

In the year 1843, Rev. J. B. Hardy and Rev. M. Hare (now dead) were 
sent to this place. They preached for one year in Keokuk and vicinity. I^ 
1844, Rev. Moses Shinn, now living in Omaha, preached, and the old Exchange 
Street Church-building was commenced — foundation laid and walls raised a 
few feet. Then came Rev. L. B. Dennis, still living in Illinois, who stayed 
two years and finished the house. This first Methodist Church in Keokuk was 
of brick, 42x60 feet. Hawkins Taylor built the house, taking the subscription- 
list of $600 for his pay. Ready cash was a scarce article in those days, and 
out of this Taylor got less than |50 in money ; the balance was taken in 
trade. 

The church was dedicated August 27, 1847. In the fall of that year, Rev. 
B. H. Russell came, and was succeeded by Rev. J. C. Crawford in 1848. 

In 1849 and 1850, Rev. Joseph Brooks, afterward a prominent politician 
in Arkansas, was Pastor. He died at Little Rock in 1876. In 1851, 
came Rev. W. F. Cowles, under whose pastorate an addition was made to 
the church, built by B. B. Hinman. In 1852, Rev. J. Harris; in 1853, 
Isaac McClaskey, now dead, a man of fine talents ; in 1854, Rev. R. S. 
Robertson, and, part of the year, Rev. A.- C McDonald. In 1855 and 
1856, Rev. Sanford Haines, "a sweet-spirited man," who afterward died 
in Des Moines. He was sent back a third year as a city missionary, and 
preached in "Scatter Good" Schoolhouse, which stood near the corner of 
Twelfth and Timea streets. In 1857, Rev. M. F. Shinn returned to the 
Exchange Street Church, and made his second year. In 1858, Rev. E. L. 
Briggs, afterward Presiding Elder ; a part of that year. Rev. G. W. Conrad, 
now dead, preached. In 1859, Rev. F. W. Evans, a preacher of superior 
ability, was sent to the Church. In 1860, Rev. Miltiades Miller came; an 
excellent preacher. In 1861 and 1862, Rev. C. G. Milnes, now preaching in 
California, was Pastor. He was a practical, earnest, cheerful preacher, and 
had a revival, the fruits of which are still seen. In 1863, Rev. S. M. Vernon 
came for one year. 

About this time, it was seriously contemplated by the Conference sitting in 
Keokuk, in 1864, to discontinue Exchange Street as a station, and make it a 
point in the circuit. Bishop E. L. Janes, however, was loath to "reduce" the 
old church, and finally decided to place it in charge of Rev. John Burgess 
for the coming year. " Rev. Burgess' labors were wonderfully successful, and 
he was continued for three years. Each season, remarkable revival-meetings 
were held, and between three hundred and four hundred members were added. 
About one hundred of these were soldiers, nearly all of whom were afterward 
dismissed by letter. While under his charge, the church was repaired, at a. 
cost of nearly $1,200, and, at the end of his third year, he left it out of debt, 
and a little money in the treasury, beside a parsonage lot free of debt, cost- 
ing 1600. 

In addition to his other labors, Mr. Burgess found time to complete his 
medical education, and graduated an M. D. at the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons, in Keokuk. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 639 

Rev. Burgess was succeeded by Rev. E. Winans, who remained year one. 
Rev. Banner Mark came in 1869, and preached two years. He was succeeded 
by Rev. E. L. Schreiner, who was in charge until 1873. Rev. S. S. Murphy, 
A. M., followed for two years; Rev. Dr. John Wheeler, for one year; W. N. 
Groorae, for two years, ending in the fall of 1878, when the present Pastor, 
Rev. Thomas Stephenson, assumed charge. Mr. Stephenson is an earnest and 
'effective preacher, and under his influence the Church is increasing in member- 
ship and influence. 

In 1871, the Exchange Street Church was sold, and the congregation took 
possession of the new building known as the First M. E. Church, corner of 
Ninth and Timea streets, erected at a cost of about $9,000. 

CHATHAM SQUARE M. E. CHURCH. 

This Church was organized in 1854. The first year, services under the 
pastorate of Rev. Mr. Linderman, were held in a hall in '' Mechanics' Block," 
on Mkin street, betAveen Eighth and Ninth. The first Trustees of the Church 
were John N. Graham, Nathaniel Albertson, B. B. Hinman, Silas Haight, 
William C. Graham, Dr. M. F. Collins and J. G. Smith. Rev. Joseph Brooks, 
afterward of xirkansas, was sent by Conference as an agent to provide for the 
erection of a church, and it was largely due to his efi'orts that the present church 
was built. 

Rpv. William F. Cpwles succeeded Rev. Linderman, as the regular Pastor, 
and, during his administration, the congregation took possession- of the base- 
ment of the church. Rev. J. C. Smith came next, for two years, under whom 
the church was completed, and dedicated July 19, 1857. The lumber for finish- 
isng the building Avas brought bv steamboat from the neighborhood of New 
Albany, Ind. The cost of the building Avas $22,000. 

The folloAving ministers, in succession, have presided over the Church since 
the completion of the building: Rev. Thomas E. Corkhill, nearly tAvo years ; 
Rev. P. P. Ingalls, six months ; Rev. J. B. Hardy, one year ; Rev. Wesley 
Dennett, tAvo years ; Rev. E. H. Waring, two years; Rev. John Haines, two 
years ; Rev. George N. PoAver, three years ; Rev. J. W. Chaffin, two years; 
Rev. W. H. H. Pillsbury, tAvo years ; Rev. John T. Simmons, tAvo years, Avhich 
completes the time until' 1878, when Rev. C. L. Stafford, the present Pastor, 
assumed charge. 

In 1876, the Church erected a handsome parsonage adjoining the church- 
building, the cost of Avhich was $4,000. 

The present membership of the Church is 160. ft also maintains a flourish- 
ing Sabbath school, superintended by B. B. Hinman, Avith an attendance of 125 
scholars. 

GERMAN M. E. CHURCH. 

In 1871, Rev. Richard Tillman, then residing at Parmington, preached in 
Chatham Square M. E. Church, the first sermon by a minister of this partic- 
ular organization. He had, on this occasion, an audience of tAvo persons. Mr. 
Nicholas Blom, still residing in the city, and a young lady, Avhose name is not 
remembered. Mr. Tillman continued his visits to Keokuk every three weeks, 
and the next year organized a small church, which Avas incorporated Septem- 
ber 1, 1873. The present church-building, on the corner of Fourteenth and 
Johnson streets, Avas erected the same fall. Rev. Henry R. Riemer, the first 
regular minister, came in the fall of 1873, and remained tAvo years. Rev. 
George Enzeroth came in September, 1875, and presided over the Church for 
the same length of time. Rev. William Zuppann succeeded in September, 1877, 



640 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

and remained until January 1, 1879, when ill-health compelled him to sever 
his connection. The present Pastor, Rev. J. L. J. Earth, from New Orleans, 
La., assumed charge January 1. 1879. 

The following have been Presiding Elders, assigned by the St. Louis Con- 
ference, to which the Church belongs : Rev. Henry Naumann, from September, 
1872, to September, 1876, and Rev. Philip Kuhl, since the latter date. The 
present mermbership of the church is forty-one. 

SWEDISH M. E. CHURCH OF KEOKUK AND MELROSE. 

At a Quarterly Conference, held July 15, 1875, a class was organized in 
Keokuk, as a branch of the Church at Melrose, Lee County, and the following 
were elected Trustees for one year : A. P. Hanson, John Peterson and Will- 
iam Blom. 

The first regular minister was Oscar J. Swan, who came September 21, 1874, ' 
and remained one year. He was succeeded by Rev. John A. Gabrielson, who 
preached until the fall of 1878, since which time Mr. 0. F. Linstrom has sup- 
plied the pulpit, as local minister. 

Until September 20, 1877, services were held in the Exchange Street 
M. E. Church, and at Mission Schoolhouse, corner of Thirteenth and Bank 
streets. 

On the date mentioned, the frame church, which had been built by the 
Swedish Lutherans, corner of Twelfth and Concert streets, was rented, and is 
still occupied. 

The congregation ai Melrose, ten miles northwest of Keokuk, has a church- 
building valued at ^800. 

FIRST AFRICAN M. E. CHURCH. 

This Church was organized in 1857, by Rev. W. A. Dove, with nine mem- 
bers, Mrs. Mary Givens, Mrs. Rosa Manning, Moses Henderson, York Ander- 
son, Mrs. Susan Hunt and four others whose names cannot be remembered. 
This first meeting was held in " Scatter Good " Schoolhouse, on the corner ot^ 
Twelfth and Timea streets. Rev. Dove was born in Pennsylvania, and educated 
in Boston, Mass., and was a man of superior ability. He remained with the 
congregation two years, at the end of which time the Church had increased to 
over forty members. 

Services Avere held in the schoolhouse above mentioned, and in various halls 
in the city until the present church-building on the corner of Fourteenth and 
Blondeau streets was occupied. The building of the church was commenced 
in 1870, and in April, just after it was inclosed, a furious hurricane leveled 
it with the ground. It was rebuilt, and in July, 1871, the basement was 
ready for occupancy. The interior of the main audience-room is not yet 
finished. 

Rev. Mr. Dove has been succeeded by the following-named ministers in the 
order given : Rev. William Jackson, two years ; Rdv. A. T. Hall, two years ; 
Rev. Madison Patterson, two years; Rev. Arbuckle, one year; Rev. J. W. 
Malone, two years ; Rev. Frederick Myers, three years; under whose labors 
the church was built ; Rev. Peter Cooper, two years ; Rev. Henry Brown, two 
years; Rev. Joseph Perkins, one year; Rev. Frederick Myers again for eigh- 
teen months ; Rev. J. B. Dawson, the present Pastor, has presided over the con- 
gregation since March, 1878. Present membership about one hundred and 
fiftv. 



HISTORY' OF LEE COUNTY. 641 

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH (N. S). 

Researches into Presbyterian session-books have developed the fact that 
previous to the year 1843, there was a Presbyterian organization of some kind 
in Keokuk. This appears from the circumstance that at the date referred to, 
the congregation afterward known as New-School Presbyterians, resolved, 

1. That our connection with the First Presbyterian Church of Keokuk, be, and the same 
is hereby, dissolved. 

2. That we proceed to organize ourselves with such of the brethren and sisters as sympa- 
thize with us, into a new church to be called the Congregational Church of Keokuk. 

After this withdrawal, the earlier Church seems to have quietly melted 
away. 

The Congregational Church formed in 1843 was under the charge of Rev. 

Daniel Jones, Mr. Peter Wykoff being Ruling Elder. In 1845, OAving to the 

increase of the Presbyterian elementya new change was made, it being then (as 

quoted from the session-book) 

Resolved, That we consider it expedient to lay aside our present organization and adopt the 
Presbyterian form of government. 

The ministerial succession in this Church is as follows : In 1848, Rev. Glen 
Woods ; in 1850, Rev. W. H. Williams ; 1853, Rev. Samuel Snead ; 1858, 
Rev. Mr. Aspinwall (supply) ; 1859, Rev. Silas Hawley (three months) ; 1860, 
Rev. Isaac Carey (acted as supply for two years); 1862, Rev. E. J. Gillett, 
D. D. (supply) ; 1866, Rev. I. N. Crittenden ; 1869, the Rev. E. J. Gillett 
was again called to the Church. In February, 1870, the union of the Old and 
New, School Churches was formed, and the First Presbyterian Church by that 
name was known no more. 

The first Presbyterian church-building in the city was a small frame, Avhick 
stood on the corner of Second and Blondeau streets, built about 1841 or 1842. 
The stone church on the corner of Fourth and High streets, was afterward 
erected by the New-School Church, and, after the date of its union with the 
First Westminster Church, was sold to the Catholics, and is now known as St. 
Francis de Sales Church, of that denomination. 

FIRST WESTMINSTER PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

On the 1st day of June, 1851, a Presbyterian Church was organized in 
Keokuk by Rev. James Sharon and Rev. J. G. Wilson, a committee of the 
Presbytery of Iowa, with the following members, fifteen in number: William 
G. Torrence, Thomas Martin and Avife Elizabeth, James Borland and Nancy 
his wife, Mrs. Mary Ann Creel, Mrs. Mary Stotts, Mrs. Louisa D. Marshall, 
Mrs. Phebe Lowe, Mrs. Martha Johnston, Harvy Gillmore and wife Nancy, 
Mrs. Nancy Martin, William Patterson and wife Eleanor. William Patterson 
was elected the first Ruling Elder. The name adopted at this first meeting was 
the " First Presbyterian Church," but it was subsequently changed to the " First 
Westminster Presbyterian Church, of Keokuk," by which name it was incor- 
porated. 

The first minister was Rev. John Cummings, a licentiate, who died in 1852, 
before the expiration of his first year. In October, 1852, Rev. Justus T. 
Umsted was employed as Pastor. He served as supply until June, 1855, 
when he was regularly installed. The next year after its organization, the 
Church erected a house of worship on the site of the present Gate City build- 
ing, which was dedicated in November, 1852. In 1856, this building was sold 
to the United Presbyterian Church, and three vacant lots on the corner of 



642 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Seventh and Blondeau streets taken in exchange, on the rear end of which was 
erected the stone church fronting on Seventh street. This was dedicated on the 
second Sabbath in November, 1S56. Mr. Uinstead severed his connection 
with the Church as Pastor, in the fiill of 1S58. Eev. J. L, McKee came as 
supply early in ISoO. and was succeeded the next spring by Rev. Addison D. 
Madeira, who remained until August, 1861. The present Pastor, Rev. Willis 
G. Craig, D. D., from Danville, Ky., a licentiate of Sangamon, Illinois, Pres- 
bytery, came in the spring of 1862, and on the 13th of the following November, 
was duly ordained and installed. 

In February, 1870, the union of the Presbyterian Churches was consum- 
mated, in which the Old- School name was retained. This addition to an 
alreadv larse and sri'owino- cono-resation rendered necessary a more commodi- 
ous house of worship, and steps were at once taken to provide it. 

In 1872, two years from the date of commenping the work, the present 
beautiful stone church, 60x100 feet, with its lofty spire 155 feet from the 
■ground, was completed and ready for occupancy. Its total cost, including organ 
and furnishing, was ^13,000. (The members of the Building Committee, under 
whose direct supervision the whole work was done, were as follows : Rev. W. G. 
Oraig, George B. Smyth, William Patterson, S. E. Carey, D. A. Kerr, A. 
Hosmer, H. B. Ten Eyck, William Fulton, Alex. Collier, J. M. Shelley and 
A. Hine. 

In membership, the First Westminster congregation is the largest in the 
«ity, numbering over 400. In the Sabbath school held in the chapel of the 
•old stone church, nearly 300 scholars are enrolled. A mission Sabbath school 
is also conducted at the corner of Bank and Fifteenth streets, with an average 
attendance of 100 scholars. The Ladies' Sewing Society, Young Ladies' Chapel 
Fund Society, Ladies' Foreign Missionary Society and the Working Band are 
organizations of the Church doing efficient work in their respective departments. 

UNITED PRESBYTEKIAX CHURCH. 

This Church was organized in the summer of 1853, under the name of the 
*' Associate Church." The members composing the original organization were 
fourteen in number, as follows : Smith Hamill and wife, Robert French and 
wife, H. Copeland and wife, John Stannus and wife, John Hamilton and wife, 
Mrs. Taggart, Miss Jennie Taggart, Mrs. Galloway and Mrs. Mary B Ran- 
dolph. Rev. John Scott, D. D., from Monmouth, 111., was present when the 
organization was effected. 

The first meetings of the congregation were held in an old, dilapidated 
frame building on Second street, near Main, which was at the time used for a 
court-room. 

In 1856, the Associate Chnrch and the Associate Reformed Church, which 
had been in existence previous to 1853, formed a union, the present name was 
adopted, and the united congregation bought the frame church-building standing 
on the present site of the Gate Citij newspaper office, which had been erected 
by the Westminster Presbyterian Church. They occupied this building until 
the present edifice was erected, in 1867, on the corner of Ninth and Blondeau 
streets. The cost of this building was about $20,000. 

Dr. James Brown, from Madison, Ind., was the first minister, coming in 
1855, and remaining as Pastor nineteen years. 

He was succeeded by the present Pastor, Rev. D. E. Shaw. The present 
membership of the Church is 140. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 643 



CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. 



The facts embodied in this sketch are derived from a sermon delivered by 
its present Pastor, Rev. Clayton Welles, on the twenty-fifth anniversary of its 
organization, February 14, 1879 : 

" Twenty-five years ago, on the 14th day of February, 1854, there gathered 
in Keokuk, in accordance with public notice and invitation, a little company 
friendly to the formation of a Congregational Church. They met in what was 
then the First Presbyterian Church, standing at the corner of Second and 
Blondeau streets, a small frame chapel, afterward used for the Banner Mission 
Building, and now standing near the corner of Tenth and Timea streets and 
used as a tenement." 

The meeting organized with Rev. Dr. Salter, of Burlington, as Chairman, 
and Hon. J. B. Howell, as Clerk. The first great question was settled by 
resolving that it is " expedient to form an orthodox Congregational Church in 
Keokuk." 

Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Chittenden, Mr. and Mrs. William Brownell, Mrs. 
and Mrs. J. B. Billings, Mrs. A. Potter, Miss Cleghorn and Mr. Zimri Webb 
expressed their willingness to join, and the organization was consummated 
under the name of the Orthodox Congregational Church. Mr. A. B. Chitten- 
den was elected the first Clerk, and William Brownell the first Deacon of the 
Church. 

Dr. Salter preached the first sermon in the evening of the day of organization. 

Some years prior to this date, John McKean had removed to Keokuk from 
-Guilford, Conn. He was a devoted friend of the Congregational Church, of 
which he had long been a member, and, with a desire to give practical assist- 
ance to a church which he believed would be organized at some future time in 
Keokuk, he deeded to Mr. Chittenden and others, as Trustees, forty acres of 
land lying west of Tenth street, between Blondeau and Johnson, " for the use, 
benefit and support of the first orthodox Congregational Church which shall be 
organized at said town of Keokuk." 

After the death of Mr. McKean, in 1847, his heirs contested the validity 
of this deed, the case being in the Courts when the Church was organized. 
Prior to the final decision, which was in favor of the defendants, the Church 
sold its- claim, realizing about |9,000. 

For the first year of its existence, the Church held meetings at private 
houses ; but in October, 1855, Mr. James R. Kimball, of Maine, a young man 
not yet ordained, was employed as minister, and regular Sabbath services were 
commenced in 0. C. Isbell's Music Hall, on Main street, near Second, next 
door to the present State National Bank. 

In May, 1857, the Church took possession of its present location, on the 
corner of Sixth and High streets. 

There have been five pastorates. Dr. Thatcher was minister for six years 
and seven months. Rev. Clayton Welles, the present Pastor, began his labors 
in September, 1872. During Dr. Thatcher's pastorate, the church was enlarged 
and improved at a cost of about $3,000. In 1869, the parsonage was built and 
other improvements made, costing over $7,000, of which $5,000 was the legacy 
of Mr. H. W. Sample, and more than $1,000 the personal gift of his son, S. 
S. Sample. 

The money raised by the Church for building, current expenses and the 
like is not far from $50,000. The amount contributed for purely benevolent 
objects is about $12,000. 



644 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

In the twenty-five years, 452 membei's have been received into the Church, 
14i' of whom were added under the ministrations of the present Pastor. 

BAPTIST CHURCH. 

On the oth of February, 1S4T. a little company of Baptist people assembled 
in the village of Keokuk. Rev. L. 0. Bush preached a sermon, after which the 
following believers presented themselves to be organized as the '• First Baptist 
Church." The names of these were as follows: Benjamin Luce. Mrs. Mar- 
garet Luce, Lucius C. Green. Mrs. Harriet Green, James Hill. Isaac Hill. R. T. 
Hill. James J. Thompson. Mrs. Mary E. Thompson. Miss Martha Mason and 
Mrs. Sarah "Wise, eleven in all. 

On the 14th of February. Mrs. Julia J. Tinsley was baptized, the first one. 
into the fellowship of the noAv Church. In the same month, steps were taken 
to secure a site and to erect a house of worship, which resulted in an unpre- 
tending building on the west side of Third street, between Main and Johnson. 
which was occupied in December. 

March '2'2, 1S4T, a call was extended to Rev. J, N. Seley, who accepted and 
remained with the Church nine months. He was succeeded by a Mr. Hope. 
November 3, 1S49, Rev. N. Worden was chosen Pastor, but the Home Mission- 
ary Society having sent Rev. Elihu Gunn to supply the Church, Rev. Worden's 
resignation was accepted nine days afterward, and Rev Gunn was elected in 
his stead. 

August 31, 1S50, the Church voted to sell the old meeting-house and erect 
a new one : and in a few years aftevAvard (^date not obtainable), they are found 
located on Third street, between Concert and High streets, in a church erected 
at a cost of §2,730.17. 

In February, 1857, twenty members were dismissed to form a Second Bap- 
tist Church, and. but for the financial crash of 1857. Church No. 3 would have 
been established. 

In September, 1857, Rev. Gunn resigned to take charge of the Institution 
at Pella. In April. 1858. Rev. W. W. Allen succeeded to the pastorate, and 
remained one year, after which Rev. J. T. Robert. LL. D., of Burlington, supplied 
the pulpit for three months. Rev. T. F. Griffith was Pastor for four yeai"s, 
beginning in September. 1859. Rev. J. T. Westover was chosen Pastor Sep- 
tember 1. 1864. 

September 1. 1865, the Church purchased a lot and a half on the corner of 
Blondeau and Eighth streets, at a cost of §1,034. The old house was sold, the 
congregation worshiping in the Presbyterian Church from September 16, 1866, 
nntil February 10, 1867, the two Pastors occupying the pulpit alternately. On 
the latter date, the present church was occupied, services being held in the 
lecture-room. The opening sermon was preached by Rev. G. J. Johnson, to a 
full house, after which 81,000 was raised with which to pay all the floating debt 
on the property. 

The church was completed and dedication services held November 15, 
1868. The cost of the building, includinij; lot and iron fence, was a little over 
§23,000. 

Rev. "Westover was succeeded by Rev. S. K. Leavitt, in April, 1870 ; he, in 
turn, by Rev. F. P. Bland, in March. 1873. Rev. S. Washington came next, 
' and filled the pulpit for three years from August 1, 1875. At this writing, his 
successor lias not been chosen. 

The present membership of the Church is 284. The average attendance 
on the Sabbath school, for the year endini^ August 1, 1878, was 124. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 645 



COLORED BAPTIST CHURCHES. 

The colored people of the Baptist faith are represented by two congrega- 
tions, the first occupying the church-building on the corner of Seventh and 
Concert streets, the other holding services in a hall on Main street, between 
Eighth and Ninth. 

EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 

It was on the 20th of April, 1850, that a meeting was held at the law oflBce 
of Dixon & Wickersham, for the purpose of organizing a Church of the Pro- 
testant Episcopal faith. Bishop Kemper and Rev. William Louderback were 
present, the former occupying the chair, and I. G. Wickersham acting as Sec- 
retary. 

At this meeting, George C. Dixon, Edward Kilbourne and Ver Planck Van 
Antwerp were appointed a committee to draft articles of association, and Edward 
Kilbourne, Dr. D. L. McGijgin and Dr. Young were constituted a committee 
to solicit subscriptions. 

Upon motion of Hon. T. W. Clagett, Bishop Kemper was requested to 
name the new church, whereupon, he suggested the present name of " St. John's 
Church," of Keokuk, Iowa, which was adopted. 

The first Wardens of the Church were Gen. Ver Planck Van Antwerp and 
Edward Kilbourne ; and the first A^estrymen were A. H. Heaslip, Christian 
Garber, Hugh Doran, Guy Wells and Frank Bridgman. All these were elected 
April 27, 1850. 

The first minister called was Rev. Otis Hackett, who came in June, 1850. 

The lots on which the present church-building was erected were presented 
to the society by Joseph Spaulding, of St. Louis, in July, 1850, and, in June 
of the next year, the vestry decided on erecting an edifice in accordance with 
plans prepared by Frank Bridgman. The contract was let to Robert Gray, afc 
a cost not to exceed $1,400, and the house was occupied in November, 1851. 
The first pew-holders in the church were as follows : Dr. David L. McGugin, 
Theo. Comstock, Guy Wells, E. H. Harrison, Cuming & Hornisb, John W. 
Ross, J. Lafe Curtis, A. H. Heaslip, Daniel Cramm, Christian Garber, Arthur 
Bridgman, I. G. Wickersham, J. G. Anthony, Joel Mathews, Ver Planck Van 
Antwerp, Mrs. Emory, George H. Williams, John R. Copelin, Edward Kil- 
bourne, Thomas W. Clagett, Miller & Chandler, Friend P. Cox, Hugh T. 
Reid, James F. Cox, George Kilbourne and George C. Davis. 

Rev. George Dennison was the second Pastor of the Church, coming in 
September, 1853. He was succeeded by Rev. Joseph Trapnell, Jr., June 18, 
1858. Rev. R. Jope, of St. Louis, followed next, October 18, 1861, and he 
was succeeded by Rev. tl. W. Woods, February 19, 1866. Rev. Jonas Greene 
Avas called November 26, 1867, and remained until December 13, 1869, when 
he was succeeded by Rev. William Henderson, of Cleveland, Ohio. Rev. R. 
C. McElwaine, the present popular minister, and the eighth in succession, was 
called to the rectorship July 10, 1871. 

THE UNITARIAN CHURCH. 

During the summer of 1853, Rev. Mr. Fuller, of the Unitarian Church of 
Quincy, 111., made occasional visits to Keokuk, the result of which was a meet- 
ing held October 4, 1853, in the schoolroom on Third street, between Main and 
Johnson, to organize a "liberal church, on a plan similar to the Unitarian 
Churches of thjs country." At this meeting, S. B. Ayres presided, and Dr. 
John E. Sanborn acted as Secretary. The names of others appearing in the 



04t> HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

minutes as taking nn active part were Col. Perry. Dr. Earner, Col. Leighton, 
Dr. Freeman Knowles, Samuel H. Tucker and J. C. Estes. Steps were taken 
to procure a place for holding regular service on the Sabbath, and a Financial 
Committee appointed, consisting of S. B. Ayres. Drs. Knowles and Farner, 
who Avere to act for one year. 

Upon the recommendation of Rev. Fuller, an invitation was extended to 
Eev. Leonard AVhitney, of Illinois, to spend a few Sabbaths at Keokuk, and, as 
a result, he was employed as* Pastor for one year, dating from October 1. 1858, 
the new society agreeing to pay a salary of S400. It was understood that the 
Western Unitarian Society Avas to pay him S400 additional. 

*• The First Unitarian Society of Keokuk" was incorporated November '2'2. 
1853, holding services regularly in Concert Hall, on Main, between Third and 
Fourth streets, for about one year, when they removed to a smaller but more 
convenient room in the rear of Cleghorn ..^ Harrison's store. 

Mr. Whitney remained with the society until March 1. 1861, when he 
resigned, owing to a division of sentiment in the Church on the subject of 
slavery. 

In 185d, an eflbrt was made to raise §5,000 to purchase a site and erect a 
church. In September, of that year, 100 feet of ground, on the corner of 
Fourth and High streets, was purchased of E. H. Harrison, for §2,000, and, 
under the supervision of J. C. Wykotf, a comfortable brick church was erected, 
and dedicated "for worship to the One only, God and Father of all," on 
November '2~\ 1856. 

Eev. Robert Moore, a young man recently graduated from Meadville Sem- 
inary, succeeded Mr. Whitney, September 1, 1861. In May, 1868, owing to 
ill health, his resignation was regretfully accepted. 

Rev. Robert Hassal. of Haverhill. Mass., preached his first sermon Septem- 
ber 1. 186-1:. having been employed for three months. At the end of this 
time, the Church gave him a permanent call. Mr. Hassel resigned in October, 
1866, bearing with him highly complimentary resolutions from the Church. 

In the fall of 1864. the Church was burdened with a heavy debt. The 
cliurch-lot has been purchased on ten years' time, and this sum, with interest 
then nearly due, was S'-.800. To relieve it, Mr. E. H. Harrison, the creditor, 
generously donated the whole sum to the Church, it in turn deeding to him 
twenty feet of the unoccupied ground adjoining Mr. Harrison's residence. 

The Church was wituout a regular minister from October, 1866, until 
March, 1867, when Rev. J. R. Effinger was employed for four months, and 
subsequently, in October, was installed as the regular Pastor. He remained 
with the Church until November, 1869, when he resigned, on account of ill 
health. 

Rev. E. C. S. Brown came in April, 1871, and began his first year as the 
regular minister in June following, continuing three years. 

Rev. Oscar Cliite, from Vineland, N. J., but a native of New York, who 
had preached a few times previously, became the regular Pastor January 1, 
1875. He continued with the Church until October 1. 1878. Avhen he resigned, 
to accept a call tendered jointly by the Universalist and Unitarian Churches 
of Iowa City. 

Rev. John AndrcAv. of Ware. Mass., Avas employed for three months, begin- 
ning the first Sunday in November, 1878, and is still retained. 

The neAV house of Avorship of the First Unitarian Church Avas completed in 
the fall of 187-1, at a cost of §28,000, and Avas dedicated November 25. It is 
tastefully fitted and furnished, the organ alone costing §2,000. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 647 

During the past year, the Church has suffered serious loss in the death of 
two or three of its most valued members. 

ST. PAUl/S EVANGELICAL CHURCH (GERMAN). 

Prior to 1858, the few German families in Keokuk, of the Lutheran faith, 
had an imperfect organization, and held meetings occasionally in the Court 
House and other places. ' 

T!ie first minister among them was Rev. Lorenz, an old veteran German 
preacher, father-in-law of Mr. H. Sievers, lessee of Gibbon's Opera House. 
Soon after his arrival, a move was made to erect a church, and, in 1868, a 
small frame building was built, on the corner of Eighteenth and Exchange 
streets, on a lot donated by Mr. Kilbourne. 

Mr. Lorenz was succeeded by Rev. Kirchhoff, in 1863, under whom an 
organization was perfected, and the present name adopted. Mr. Kirchhoff 
remained two or three years, and was followed by Rev. 0. Neithamer, who pre- 
sided over the congregation for a little more than six years. 

The present Pastor, Rev. William Gramm, assumed charge in April, 1873, 
at which time the Church was in a declining condition, but Mr. G. infused new 
life and a general awakening occurred. Although there was no money in the 
treasury, it was determined to build a larger church. 

The old church was sold for $600, and two lots were purchased at the cor- 
ner of Eleventh and Exchange streets, for f 1,400. In December, 1874, the 
present beautiful edifice was dedicated. 

The church has a seating capacity of 400, and the cost being nearly 
19,000. 

The next year, a comfortable parsonage was erected, adjoining the church, 
and at this time but a small amount of the debt incurred in all this work 
remains unpaid. The Church is flourishing, and at important church meetings, 
the building is not too large to accommodate the congregation. 

CONGREGATION OF B'NAI ISRAEL. 

About twenty-four years ago, on the 29th day of April, 1855, a number of 
Israelites of Keokuk united together and formed a benevolent society for the 
purpose of giving to deceased persons the Jewish rite of burial. Mr. Mike 
Vogel was then elected President, and a charter was procured September 3, 
1855. A burial ground was then purchased from the city authorities, with a 
condition that the ground should never be used for any other purpose. When 
the Jewish population increased, a charter was applied for, for the purpose of 
changing this society into a Congregation, which was granted in September, 
1863. 

The first Minhag (rite) was the German orthodox rite. Services were then 
held in the second story over Younker's store. As the congregation increased, 
it was necessary to procure a more spacious place for worship, and it was re- 
moved to where the City Council now meets. The By-Laws were then revised, 
and on October 3, 1869. they adopted the reformed rite of Minhag America. 
Some time thereafter a little organ was bought, and a choir organized. 

But in the meantime the ladies of the congregation had formed a Benevo- 
lent Society among themselves, and having about $800 on hand, they bought 
the lot on which the s3magogue now stands, and presented it to the congrega- 
tion, on the condition that a house of worship be built upon it. The congrega- 
tion accepted both the donation and the condition, and everybody henceforth 
"was wide awake to further the enterprise. The ladies gave a ball annually, 



648 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

which was always largely attended by their Christian fellow-citizens, which was 
considered the annual event of the town, and the fashionable re-union of the 
elite of Keokuk. They realized a very handsome sum every year, and always 
donated it to the building fund. 

This noble example stirred up the gentlemen. They began to subscribe. 
The Christians liberally contributed their subscriptions. Collections came 
from New York ; and, in 1874, the corner-stone was laid with appropriate cere- 
monies. Mr. Black, a young man and splendid architect, drafted the plans 
for the splendid and tasty building. It was erected at a cost of |12,000, on 
which remains a debt of only $1,000. 

The congregation has at present twenty-two contributing members, and the 
Sabbath school is attended by twenty-eight children. 

The ministers who have presided over the congregation are, in their regular 
order, as follows : Rev. Marcusson, the first, about one and a half years ; Rev. 
Suggenheimer, six months ; Rev. Blout, two years ; Rev. Swede, two years ; 
Rev. Strauss, two years ; Rev. F. Becker, three years ; Rev. Joseph Bogen, 
the present minister, came January 1, 1877. 

The Grand Jewish Order B'nai B'rith, with a membership of 25,000 in the 
United States, is represented here by Keokuk Lodge, No. 179, with forty-five 
members, residents and non-residents. The representative to the Grand Lodge 
is Sam Klein, and the representative to the Supreme Lodge is J. N. Stern, of 
New York, who is a member of Keokuk Lodge. 

The Ladies' Benevolent Society consists of about twenty members. The 
Society, in case of sickness, grants a fee of $3 weekly to such member. In 
case of death, the ladies of this Society prepare the burial clothes for the dead 
body, which, in all cases, is uniform in texture. 

RE-ORGANIZED CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS. 

The Keokuk branch of this Church was organized February 21, 1863, by 
Henry Cuerden, assisted by William Anderson, of Nashville, Lee Co., Iowa. 
William Flavel was the first Presiding Elder. The branch has continued its 
organization until the present date, and holds religious services in a neat little 
frame church situated on the corner of Thirteenth and Bank streets. H. N. 
Snively is the present Presiding Elder. 

As a matter of interest to many persons outside of the Church, an epitome 
of the faith and doctrines of this Church is here presented, omitting the refer- 
ences to passages of Scripture in the Old and New Testaments on which they 
are founded : 

We believe in God the Eternal Father, and in His Son .lesus Christ, and in the Holy Ghost. 

We believe that men will be punished for their own sins, and not for Adam's transgression. 

We believe that through the atonement of Chi'ist, all men may be saved, by obedience to the 
laws and ordinances of the Gospel. 
We believe that these ordinances are : 

1st. — Faith in God and in the Lord Jesus Christ. 

2d. — Repentance. 

3d. — Baptism by immersion, for the remission of sins. 

4th. — Laying on of hands for the gift of the Holy Ghost. 

5th. — We believe in the Resurrection of the Body ; that the dead in Christ will rise first, 
and the rest of the dead will not live again until the thousand years are expired. 

6th. — We believe in the doctrine of- Eternal Judgment, which provides that men shall be 
judged, rewarded, or punished, according to the degree of good, or evil, they shall have done. 

We believe that a man must be called of God, and ordained by the Laying on of Hands of those 
who are in authority, to entitle him to preach the Gospel and Administer in the Ordinances 
thereof. 

We believe in the same kind of organization that existed in the primitive Church, viz. : 
Apostles, Prophets, Pastors, Teachers, Evangelists, etc. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 649 

We believe that in the Bible is contained the word of God, so far as it is translated cor- 
rectly. We believe that the canon of Scripture is not full, but that God, by His Spirit, will con- 
tinue to reveal His word to man until the end of time. 

We believe in the powers and gifts of the everlasting Gospel, viz. : the gift of faith, discern- 
ing of spirits, prophesy, revelation, visions, healing, tongues, and the interpretation of tongues, 
■wisdom, charity, brotherly love, etc. 

We believe that Marriage is ordained of God : and that the law of God provides for but one 
companion in wedlock, for either man or woman — except in cases where the contract of mar- 
riage is broken by death or transgression. 

We believe that the doctrines of a plurality and a community of wives are heresies, and are 
opposed to the law of God. 

We claim the privilege of worshiping Almighty God according to the dictates of our con- 
science, and allow all men the same privilege, let them worship how, where or what they may 

"free-for-all" church. 

About the holidays of 1878, H. G\a.j Landes, N. W. Johnson and A. J. 
Hardin were in the police headquarters, and among other subjects talked about 
■w:!?^ the non-attendance of so many people on places of worship on Sunday. 
They reached the conclusion that too many people absented themselves from 
church and spent the day in idleness, sitting around without profit to themselves 
or any one else, and that something ought to be done to remedy what seemed 
to them to be a growing evil. They realized that many of the city ofiicers were 
unable to go to church in the forenoon, partly on account of not having time to " fix 
up" in full keeping with the spirit of the age, and because of their duty to 
the city. Night duty prevented others from attending evening services. After- 
noon services there were none, so they determined to inaugurate an independent 
movement to secure religious services at an hour and a place where they could 
attend in such apparel as their circumstances justified, and when they could 
attend without interference with their police duties. 

Messrs. J. B. Paul, J. B. Kissick, A. B. Chappell, W. Ray, Ed. Creel, 
Thomas Conn, William May hew, N. Schlotter and Capt. Thomas Berry agreed 
to select a minister. The Council-room was secured, and 3 P. M. each Sab- 
bath was the hour fixed for the new services. This fact settled, after deliberate 
consideration, they chose Rev. John Burgess, M. D., who acceded to their 
urgent solicitation. They christened the new movement the " Free-for-All 
Church." 

Rev. Mr. Burgess commenced his labors December 29, 1878, by preaching 
from 1 Cor., x, 15 — "I speak as unto wise men, judge ye what I say." A 
choir was formed of some of the best singers in the city, who perform their 
duty promptly and impressively, consisting of John Wycoff, Ed. Hardin, 
Dr. F. Wyman, Joseph Wycoif, Will Landes, George Robertson, Harry 
Price, Wiley Ray, Grant Springer and M. D. Phelan, who manipulates the 
organ with masterly touch. "Gospel Songs" were chosen as their favorites, 
and Mr. John Burke readily handed out |2, and others contributing, they 
were secured. Of the first meeting, but a brief notice was given, yet the 
room was tolerably well filled ; on the second Sabbath, quite an increase 
was noticed, and ever since the room has been crowded with attentive hearers, 
composed exclusively of men and youth. Many persons now have to leave for 
the want of seats. Every true and philanthropic person commends the work as 
sacredly opportune. 

The fifth week of its progress, the new 'church members presented their 
Pastor with a fine suit of clothes, as a token of their appreciation of his good 
work. On the sixth Sabbath, at the close of the sermon, by order of the 
Church, Robert M. Marshall, Esq., in a few, beautiful and eloquent words, pre- 
sented Rev. Mr. Burgess with a very beautifully-bound Bible, on which was 



650 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

inscribed in golden letters, "Presented to Rev. John Burgess, Minister of the 
Tree-for-All ' Church," to which the Pastor replied in a laconic and Christian 
spirit. 

Men of all classes attend the Church, and many who had not been to Church 
for ten, twenty and thirty years go there with commendable regularity and listen 
attentively to the words of truth as they fall from the lips of the Free-for-All Pastor. 
Indeed, their attention is closer and their decorum better than that of some who 
dress finer and make louder professions. No better attention was ever observed 
in any church ; and the kind usher, Mr. Robert Ranson, a prominent railroad 
man, understands the rules and decorum of quietly seating all who come. The 
minister is an old Methodist itinerant, and Presiding Elder of the Iowa Con- 
ference, who had been stationed in Keokuk for three years, and built up the old 
Exchange Street (now called the First) Methodist Episcopal Church, from a dilap- 
idated, sinking condition to one of power and usefulness. He is a man of pro- 
gressive and liberal ideas, and has a warm and devoted Christian heart, the zeal 
of youth and the ardor of one w^ho believes in the fatherhood of God and 
the brotherhood of man. He preaches from the heart to the heart ; hence 
his sermons are eloquent, searching and convincing. His earnest manner is in 
full harmony with the notions of his honest supporters, who hate shams and 
shoddy of whatever kind. 

A collection is taken up every Sabbath, and a true liberality is always 
present. Every one contributes according to his means and without regard to 
show. The sums thus collected, save the slight expenses, are given to the 
preacher, who, the members of this independent Church declare, shall be paid 
for his services like the ministers of other Churches. They believe in the dec- 
laration that "the laborer is worthy of his hire." 

This, indeed, is a wonderful Church, and in its simplicity and earnestness, 
excellent behavior and admirable singing, is a good example to many with far 
greater pretensions. 

The question has often been asked, " How long will it last ? Will it not die 
out as soon as winter passes? " But it enlarges and is still drawing out more 
and more of all classes of men, and had they a larger room more would attend.. 



TEMPERANCE WORK. 

THE RED-RIBBON MOVEMENT. 

The Red-Ribbon movement reached Keokuk in the latter part of October, 
1877, under the auspices of Capt. J. C. Bontecou. The club was organized 
the last of November, 1877, with Lee R. Seaton as President,; Grover Hillis, 
First Vice President ; Charles Higham, Second Vice President, and John Fin- 
nerty, Third Vice President ; G. V. S. Rickards, Treasurer ; J. T. Christy, 
Secretary ; George Robertson, Chairman of the Executive, and Erie J. Leech, 
Chairman of the Finance Committee. Lee Seaton resigned about the 1st of 
January, 1878, and C. E. Moody was elected for the balance of the year. 

At the expiration of the first year, November, 1878, the officers elected were 
as follows : President, C. E. Moody ; First Vice President, George Estep ; Sec- 
ond Vice President, John Finnerty ; Third Vice President, John R. Dimond ; 
Secretary, J. P. Christy ; Treasurer, M. C. Sawyer. 

Capt. Bontecou worked faithfully nearly four weeks, and secured about 
3,000 signers to the pledge, as follows : Red-Ribbon, about 1,200 ; White- 
Ribbon, about 1,800, and Blue Ribbon, about 500. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUIITY. 651 

An excellent three-story building was secured on Main and Second streets. 
with an entrance on both streets, which included lecture-room, reading-room, 
game-room, smoking-room, gymnasium and committee-rooms. The game-room 
and smoking-room gradually emptied themselves into the reading-room, so that 
when the club leased their present rooms, corner of Fourth and Main streets, 
they dispensed with the game and smoking rooms, to the entire satisfaction of 
the members of the club. They now have very commodious quarters. The 
audience-room is 40x70 feet, seating comfortably on their own chairs 550 
people. The stage is 12x22 feet. The committee-room is 14x20 feet, and the 
kitchen is 14x20 feet, making altogether a suite of rooms of which any club 
may well feel a just pride. They are all well lighted and ventilated. The 
financial condition of the club is good, all the adornments, stoves, ehairs, carpet, 
mattings, etc.. being paid for, and money in the hands of the Treasurer. Mass- 
meetings are held every Saturday night, the hall generally being full. 

Every Sunday night, a member of the ministerial association addresses the 
club, which meetings are also well attended. 

The Red-Ribbon Choir, composed of George Robertson, Leader ; Mr. Vin- 
ton, Organist ; George Robertson and Charles Zerr, Soprano ; Dr. P. Davis 
and J. H. Dryden, Bass ; J. Ross Robertson, Alto, and Bert. Tracy, Tenor, 
furnish the music for the meetings. 

Among the earnest workers, aside from those mentioned above, are Mr. and 
Mrs. H. Scott Howell, Mr. and Mrs. George Robertson, Mr. and Mrs. Col, 
Sullivan, Mr. and Mrs. Dr. Davis, Rev. John Burgess, Rev. Thomas Stephen- 
son, Peter Brown, Erie J. Leech, J. A. M. Collins, Dr. A. J. Wilkinson, I. 
Lynch, Mrs. Stackhouse, Mrs. Ed. Vansant, Mrs. Washington, Mrs. De Pugh, 
Mrs. Bert Tracy, and a host of others. The work has resulted in building up 
many happy homes where formerly were poverty, unhappiness and distress. 
The work is going bravely on. The arrests for drunkenness are becoming less 
and less frequent. The Jail and Calaboose are both empty, and in a few 
months the more enthusiastic temperance workers expect to be able to have 
posted on the doors of the Calaboose and Jail, " To Let.'' 

WHITE-RIEBON CLUB. 

The organization of the White-Ribbon Club dates with that of the Red 
Ribbon Club. It is under the management of lady temperance workers, and 
has been the direct means of much good. The Club has a large and hand- 
somely arranged and handsomely decorated hall and reading-room, on Fifth 
street, between Main and Johnson, which is open every day, Sundays excepted, 
from 2 to 10 o'clock P. M. Since the organization of the Club, it has been the 
practice to assign three of its members to the care of the hall each week, but 
it is now proposed to employ a permanent Librarian, to whom its management 
will be confided. 

At the time of the organization of the Club, the membership numbered 
853. It subsequently increased to over one thousand, but since, from various 
causes, the number has decreased to about the original number. The officers 
of the Club consist of a President, one Vice President from each church rep- 
resented and one Vice President at large. Treasurer and Secretary. 

First officers: President, Mrs. H. Scott Howell; Vice Presidents, Mrs. 
0. Clemens, Mrs. D. Collier, Mrs. Libbie Leighton, Mrs. Dr. Collins, Mrs. 
Washington, Mrs. 0. S. Conklin, Mrs. L. B. Cowles, Mrs. Thomas Allyn, 
from the churches, and Mrs. W. A. Patterson, at large; Secretary, Miss Sadie 
E. French ; Treasurer, Mrs. S. P. Pond. 



y 



-652 / HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Present oflScers : President, Mrs. H. Scott Howell; Vice Presidents, Mrs. 
A. M. Steele, Mjss, Mary. McCormick, Mrs. William Graham, Mrs. Dr. Col- 
lins, Mrs. A. E. Guimi; MrsV (X^S. Conklin, Mrs. J. A. M. Collins, Mrs. 
Thomas Allyn, Mrs. Col. Sullivan, Mrs. John Finnerty, Mrs. Bowden from 
the churches, and Mrs. W. A. Patterson, at large ; Secretary, Miss Ellen Mar- 
tin ; Treasurer, Mrs. Frank Rickards. Mrs. Eickards declined to serve, and 
Mrs. Iowa Stackhouse was appointed to the vacancy. 



EDUCATIOJSTAL INTERESTS. 

CITY SCHOOLS. 

Since Jesse Creighton, the shoemaker, wielded the birch at '' The Point," 
in 1834, a wonderful progress has been made, both ia the system of imparting 
instruction and the magnitude of the buildings erected for the accommodation 
of the hundreds of youth Avho, in this year of our Lord 1879, daily assemble 
to receive .instruction. Keokuk may well be proud of her present school 
organization, which, for efficiency and able management, is unsurpassed by any 
city in the West. 

Until 1853, the school-buildings of Keokuk were of the old-fashioned, 
primitive kind, generally one-story, and a single room large enough to accom- 
modate a single teacher and twenty to thirty scholars. 

John McKean, one of the first schoolmasters of Keokuk, taught in a round- 
log house, 16x18 feet square, which stood in the hazel-bushes on the ground 
now occupied by the T., P. & W. Railroad offices, at the corner of Third and 
Johnson streets. This schoolhouse, when first built, had a log cut out for a 
window. 

The Central Building, now occupied as a high school, was built in 1853, 
and the location was selected with a view to the accommodation of all the 
inhabitants of the small city, and answered the purpose for several years. 

The Wells School Building, situated on the corner of Fifth and Timea 
streets, was the first of the present series of ward-schools. It was built in 1865, 
and cost about |18,000. In 1867, the Carey Building, on Des Moines street, was 
•erected, costing in the neighborhood of $17,000. The Torrence Building, on 
Fifteenth and High streets, came next, in 1869, at a cost of near $20,000, and 
the First Ward Building, in 1874, with an expenditure of about the same 
amount. 

In addition to these fine brick structures, it has been found necessary to 
establish schools at four other different -points, viz.: On Concert street, between 
Eighth and Ninth streets ; on Thirteenth, between High and Morgan, in Reid's 
Addition ; and on Grand avenue, near the northern limits of the city. 

The total receipts by the Treasurer of the School Board for the year ending 
February 22, 1879, including $15,262.82 of borrowed money, was $56,617.32. 

The total expenditures were as follows: To teachers, $25,511,34; other 
expenses, $7,192.38 ; paid borrowed money, $22,758.80 ; total, $55,462.52. 

NAMES AND LOCATION OF TEACHERS IN KEOKUK PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

W. W. Jamieson, Superintendent. 

High School. — N. C. Campbell, Principal ; X. X. Crumm, Sadie French, 
Mary Jewell and Florence Backus, Assistants. 

Grammar School in Central Building. — 2d Room, Misses Mary Hoagland 
and Cora A. Cooley ; 1st Room, Misses S. V. Conklin and Carrie Medes. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 653 

Torrenee School. — N. Messer, Principal. 4tli Room, Miss Cora Higgins : 
Sd Room, Miss M. I. Taylor ; 2d Room, Miss Annie E. Gage ; 1st Room, 
Miss Flora Bronson. 

Wells aScZ/oo/.— William Fulton, Principal ; 7th Room, Miss Tillie McKee ; 
6th Room, Miss Nettie Fletcher ; 5th Room, Miss Kittie McCulloch ; 4th 
Room, Miss Agnes McCulloch ; 8d Room, Miss Hattie Solomon ; 2d Room, 
Miss Dora Bradford ; 1st Room, Miss Alice Crowell. 

Carey School. — INIiss Cora H. Pittman, Principal ; 6th Room, Miss Emma 
Estis ; 5th Room, Miss Fannie Malby ; 4th Room, Miss Lizzie Hartt ; Sd 
Room, Miss Annie Taylor ; 2d Room, Miss Lucy Cowley ; 1st Room, Mrs. S. 
Hicks. 

First Ward School. — Miss M. S. Madden, Principal ; 6th Room, Miss 
Helen Lloyd ; 5th Room, Miss Minnie White ; 4th Room, Miss Annie Camp- 
bell ; 3d Room, Mrs. H. M. Kenyon ; 2d Room, Miss Cora McCrea ; 1st 
Room, Mrs. L. A. Stanton. 

Concert Street School. — 4th Room, Miss Emma Madden ; 3d Room, Miss 
Eliza Amery ; 2d Room, Miss Laura Jones ; 1st Room, Miss- Helen R. 
French. 

Reid's Addition School. — Miss S. M. Batty, Principal ; Miss Rosa Slaugh- 
ter, Assistant. 

Thirteenth Street School. — Miss M. A. Gilbreath and Miss Maggie Dollery. 

Grand Avenue School. — Miss Lizzie Rubicam. 

Special Teachers. — C. H. Pierce, Professoi- of Penmanship ; S. P. Osgood, 
Professor of Vocal Music ; and H. C. Bechtold, Teacher of German. 

Board of Education. — John H. Craig, H. W. Rothert. W. F. Shelley, 
Samuel M. Clark, Guy Wells and C. P. Bn-ge. 



NATURAL HISTORY. 

There are, in Keokuk, some gentlemen who have occupied their leisure 
hours in making collections of objects of natural history belonging to this 
region. This has not been done from mercenary motives, but for the love of 
the subject. Mr. L. A. Cox has devoted much time to collecting the crinoids 
■of the Keokuk Limestone. His collection of fossils, including fish teeth, is 
very rare and valuable. Mr. Thomas Fletcher has worked in the same direc- 
tion, and has accumulated a number of fossils that have been the admiration of 
scientists who have seen them. Col. S. S. Curtis is also in the same line of 
thought and research. His cases of specimens are beautiful, and extend over 
a wide range. Rudolph Heiser is a taxidermist, and has very many birds and 
mammals, insects, etc., mounted and beautifully displayed. Hon. C. F. Davis and 
Dr. J. M. Shaifcr have, probably, the most extensive and varied collection. It 
embraces over 1,000 stuffed birds, 50 cases of insects, 200 mammals, 300 ser- 
pents, and several tons of geodes and other rock formations found in this imme- 
diate vicinity. These collections occupy several large rooms, fitted up for the 
purpose of their display, and form the nucleus of the most desirable cabinet of 
objects of natural history in the Northwest. These gentlemen do not make any 
pretensions to accurate scientific knowlege of the collections they are making. 
They are actuated by a desire to benefit others who may follow them, and are 
enthusiastic in the search for everything that belongs to the domain of natural 
history. The array of geodes is of remarkable beauty and value. They have 
made numerous exchanges with persons in New York, Iowa, Michigan, Kentucky 



€(5-4 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

and elsewhere, and the geological department is assuming large proportions. 
In all respects, the collection is unsurpassed in the NorthAvest. 

Can all these private museums be amassed in one general exhibit, for the 
public good ? What would be a more potent educator for young and old, and. 
at the same time, be attractive to everybody ? And the man who wants to 
erect a monument — " Perennius aere " — might expend !^:25,000 in the erection 
of a suitable building for the reception and classification of these specimens, 
and thus leave a heritage of knowledge and incentive to growth that could be 
part of the life of every citizen and every sojourner. No city in Iowa has such 
a number of private collections of objects of natural history ; no city anywhere 
would more appreciate their consolidation ; no people would be more proud of 
the tact of having the best museum in the country. Let some man build the 
house. The rest will take care of itself. 



KEOKUK LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 

Prior to the organization of this Association, two different attempts had 
been made to establish a public library in Keokuk, both of which had proved 
total failures. 

The necessity of such an institution continued to be felt by a majority of 
the leading citizens, and kept constantly in mind. 

Pursuant to a call made on the 26th of November, I860, through the Dailif 
Gate Citij, a meeting was held at the Court House, two days later, with Rev. 
W. G. Craig in the chair, and William Thompson acting as Secretary. 

The object of this meeting was " to establish a library and reading-room, 
and promote, by means of lectures and otherwise, the diffusion of knowl- 
edge." 

The result of this meeting was the incorporation of the Keokuk Library 
Association, the articles of which were filed December 10. 1863. 

A. J. Wilkinson was elected its first President ; George W. McCrary, Vice 
President ; George C. Thompson. Recording Secretary, and Howard Tucker, 
Treasurer. 

The first Board of Directors consisted of A. Hagny, William Fulton, R. 
F. Bower, Patrick Gibbons, Rev. George Thatcher and J. L. Rice, the latter 
of whom was, on December 14, appointed Corresponding Secretary. 

According to the plans adopted, the following were the terms of member- 
ship : The payment of $10 constituted a stockholder. On this was levied an 
annual tax of $2, the payment of which gave the privileges of the library and 
reading-room, and one vote at the annual election of ofiicers. . 

The payment of $50 constituted a life membership. This gave the right of 
the library and reading-room and one vote, but they were absolved from the 
payment of annual dues. 

The payment of $3 per annum, or $1 for three months, constituted a sub- 
scriber. They were privileged the use of the library and reading-room, but had 
no vote. 

The revenues from these sources, together with fines, proceeds of lectures 
and contributions, were the means relied upon to support the Association. 

The library was first opened for the delivery of books on the 1st of June, 
1864, in the hall over Younker & Bro.'s store, on the south side of Main street, 
between Third and Fourth. This hall was 39 feet long and 20 in width, and 
was rented for $75 per annum. 



HISTORY OK \A']K OOIJNTY. 655 

The total value of tlio lihrary wIhui lirst opened, incliiditi^ I)ooks, fixtures, 
etc., was estimated at 115, ()()(). At the soctond annual in(!(;tini^ of the stock- 
holders (May 1, lS(i5), the iVssociation nuinlxinMJ 1 1 life inenihers, 11)0 stock- 
liolders and 158 subscribers. 'JMiore were -5,500 volumes of books, 200 pam-" 
phlets and magazines, 4 plaster busts, 6 engravings and 2 maps, together with 
a hirge collection of minerals, fossils and curiosities, (vstinia,ted, with the fix- 
tures, to be worth |7.000. 

The greater part of these were contribui(Ml by the (ntiz/nis of Keokuk, from 
their private collections. A list of these fri(nids of the library, with their 
donations, might be given, but it would require a larger space than can be 
given to this article. 

The Association was already a success, and from the rapid increase of the 
library and readers, a larger room and better accommodations had become a 
7iecessity. 

In May, 1865, tlie Directors secured the hall over George C. Anderson's 
bank, which they leased for five years at an annual rent of f240. This hall, 
in which the library is still located, is 79x25 feet, with windows at both ends, 
aftbrding ample light and ventilation, and is a comfortable and attractive apart- 
ment. 

The first Librarian was Mr. Otto Lyman, who served until October 1, 1864, 
when he resigned and was succeeded b}^ Mr. Andrew Lefever. He continued 
until April 14, 1865, and was succeeded by Miss Ellen J. Martin. The latter 
has been succeeded by Mrs. Col. Baker, Miss M. A. Parsons, Miss Emma 
Hart, Miss Sadie (Iraham — the latter acting as Librarianduring the absence of 
Miss Hart, who for the past year has been in personal attendance. 

The number of volumes in the library, at this date, numbers 6,200. There 
are eleven life members and nearly one hundred and twenty stockholders ; some 
of the latter, however, by reason of non-payment of annual dues, are not 
entitled to the privileges of the library and reading-room. 

The present officers of the Association are : L. C. Ingersoll, President; 
Mrs. Howard Tucker, Vice President ; Ed. F. Brownell, Treasurer ; William 
Fulton, Recording Secretary; and J. H. Westcott, Corresponding Secretary ; 
Directors, B. B. Jewell, j! H. Westcott, H. Scott Howell, A: J. McCrary, 
John Gibbons and Samue-1 M. Clark. 

BAYLIES' COMMERCIAL COLLEGE. 

Baylies' Commercial College, at Dubuque, is the oldest now in existence in 
the State, and perhaps one of the oldest in the Northwest. It was founded in 
1858, by Mr. Aaron Baylies, a gentleman of large and practical experience as 
an educator and business man, and one of the pioneers in the commercial college 
enterprise. Mr. A. Baylies died in 1863, and was succeeded by Mr. C. Baylies. 

The Keokuk branch was established in this city during the fall of 1866, in 
charge of William H. Miller, formerly one of the Faculty at Dubuque. The 
Keokuk College has proven a success, and is now regarded as one of the jier- 
manent institutions of the Gate City. 

COLLEGE OE PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. 

The College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1849, and by act of 
the Legislature — session of 1849-50 — was made the Medical Department of 
the Iowa State University, being the first department organized. 

The College was located at Davenport, but finding the location unsatisfac- 
tory, it was, in 1850, removed to Keokuk, where it has been growing in useful- 



656 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

ness and influence until to-day it occupies a prominent position among the reg- 
ular medical schools of the countr}-. 

The Faculty, in its organization at-Keokuk, was composed of the following 
gentlemen, viz. : John F. Sanford, M. D., Professor of Surgery and Dean of 
the Faculty; D. L. McGugin, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of 
Women and Children, and President of the Faculty ; Samuel G. Armor, M. D., 
Professor of Physiology and Pathology ; Nicholas Hard, M. D., Professor of 
Anatomy ; George W. Richards, M. D., Professor of Theory and Practice of 
Medicine ; A. S. Hudson, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics ; 
S. Mathews, M. D., Professor of Chemistry; J. C. Hughes, M. D., Demon- 
strator of Anatomy. 

In 1851, by the death of Prof. Hard, then occupying the Chair of Anat- 
omy, J. C. Hughes, M. D., Acting Demonstrator of Anatomy, was appointed 
during the session of 1852-53, to fill the vacancy. 

At the close of the session of 1852-53, John F. Sanford, M. D., then Pro- 
fessor of Surgery, withdrew from the Faculty, and the vacancy caused by his 
resignation was filled by the appointment of J. C. Hughes, M. D., who has 
been connected with the institution as Professor of Surgery and Dean of the 
Faculty ever since, and is, at this time, the only member of the Faculty who 
has been associated with the College since its organization at Keokuk. 

The College held its legal connection with the State University until the 
adoption of the new Constitution, in 1858. By constitutional enactment, the 
University was located at Iowa City and its Medical Department, not wishing 
to change its location from Keokuk to an interior city, continued a nominal 
connection until 1870, when the new Medical Department at Iowa City was 
organized. 

Since then, the Medical College at Keokuk, under its original name — the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons — with a renewal of its charter, has continued 
to prosper, until its building and appliances, with its able corps of teachers, equal 
any of the colleges. East or West. Over five thousand students have received 
instruction in her halls, and her Alumni, now numbering over thirteen hundred., 
occupy respectable and influential positions in the profession wherever located. 

Faculty. — E. J. Gillett, M. D., D. D., Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, 
Toxicology and Materia Medica; J. C. Hughes, M. D., Professor of the Insti- 
tutes and Practice of Surgery and Surgical Clinics ; A. M. Carpenter, M. D., 
Professor of the Institutes and Practice of Medicine and Medical Clinics ; J. 
J. M. Angear, A. M., M. D., Professor of Physiology, Pathology and General 
Therapeutics; H. T. Cleaver, M. D., Professor of Obstetric Medicine and Dis- 
eases of Women and Children ; J. C Hughes, Jr., M. D., Professor of Anat- 
omy ; John North, M. D., Professor of Chemistry, Toxicology, Materia Medica, 
and Demostrator of Anatomy; J. M. Shafler, M. D., Lecturer on Insanity; 
John Fyfie, A. M., Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence and Forensic Toxi- 
cology — chair vacant ; G. North, D. D. S., Lecturer on the Principles of 
Dental Science ; Otto Von Tesmer, Taxidermist and Curator of Museum ; J. C. 
Hughes, M. D., Dean. 

SECRET SOCIETIES. 

MASONIC. 

Eagle Lodge, No. W. — This, the first Lodge organized in Keokuk, was 
instituted May 2, 1846, under dispensation granted by James R. Hartsock, 
Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Iowa Territory, to the following- 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 65T 

named persons : Peter Kinleyside, Lyman E. Johnson, John C. Ainsworth, 
William A. Clark, B. Tinsley, C. S. Moore, Justin Millard, E. H. Spinning 
and Joseph Welch. The first ofiicers under dispensation were : Peter Kinley- " 
side, W. M.; Lyman E. Johnson, S. W.; John C. Ainsworth, J. W.; B. 
Tinsley, Treasurer ; Joseph Welch, Secretary ; W. A. Clark, S. D.; and 

C. S. Moore, J. D. The first meeting was held " in the brick house of 
J. Mackley, on Main street." The Lodge worked under dispensation until 
July 8, 1847, when, at a called meeting held that day at 9 o'clock A. M., 
Grand Master Ansel Humphreys, who was present and presided, approved 
the work of the Lodge and presented it with a charter, numbered 12. 
At 2 o'clock P. M. of the day, the Lodge marched in procession to the 
Baptist Church, on Third street, where Grand Master Humphreys installed 
the following officers : Peter Kinleyside, W. M. ; Lyman E. Johnson, 
S. W.; John C. Ainsworth, J. W. ; B. Tinsley, Treasurer; A. V. Put- 
man, Secretary ; J. W. Patterson, S. D. ; E. M. Brooks, J. D. ; and S. 
Haight, Tiler. 

John B, Knight, still living in Keokuk, was the first member initiated. 
This was on July 8, 1846. The first lodge-room was in a brick house adjoining 
Ainsworth & Co.'s store, for which a rental of $7 per month was paid. In July, 
1847, James Dougherty's building, on Johnson street, was rented for one year 
for $100. 

The present membership of Eagle Lodge is 146. The present officers are 
as follows: JohnR. Carpenter, W. M.; David W. Swartz, S. W.; Solomon S. 
Vail, J. W.; Harry Fulton, Treasurer ; James L. Wilson, Secretary ; Charles 
F. Bassett, S. D.; and Nicholas Gill, J. D. 

Past Masters of Eagle Lodge : Peter Kinleyside, Lyman E. Johnson, 
Harry Fulton, John W. Patterson, 0. S. Conklin, S. E. Carey, Dr. R. H. 
Wyman. L. W. Huston, Joseph W. Stimson, George R. Parsons, S. L. Hagny, 
H. W. Rothert, S. W. Wakefield and James L. Wilson. 

Hardin Lodge, No. 29. — Instituted under dispensation December 15, 1851. 
The following were the charter members: J. M. Shelley, Dr. J. F. Sanford. 

D. W. Pressel, Lyman E. Johnson, C. Garber, Friend P. Cox, William Holli- 
day and A. Hamlin. 

The first officers were: Dr. J. F. Sanford, W. M.; D. W. Pressel, S. W.; 
J. M. Shelley, J. W. ; A. Hamlin, Treasurer ; S. G. Armor, Secretary ; C. 
Garber, S. D.; W. P. Shartz, J. D., and William McKee, Tiler. 

Present membership of the Lodge, 102. Present officers : L. Matless, W. 
M.; Henry Banks, S. W.; Frank Allyn, J. W.; E. H. Wickersham, Secretary; 
George E. Kilbourne, Treasurer; E. N. Agnew, S. D.; George Stobbard, J.D.; 
A. J. Smith, S. S.; H. Yogel, J. S.; William Lowrie, Tiler. 

Grate City Chapter^ No. 7. — Instituted under dispensation granted Decem- 
ber 25, 1854, to the following named persons : George Russell, J. M. Shelley, 
John A. Graham, H. W. Beers, W. H. Wooster, C. Garber, D. W. Pres- 
sel, G. St. Clair Hussey, C. F. Conn, William Lamb, J. T. Arthur, 0. S. Conk- 
lin, William T. Day and Dr. John F. Sanford. 

The first officers were : George Russell, H. P. ; J. M. Shelley, King ; J. A. 
Graham, Scribe; G. St.Clair Hussey, C. of H.; 0. S. Conklin, P. S.; D. W. 
Pressel, R. A. C; J. K. Hornish, Third Veil ; J. F. Arthur, Second Veil; W. 
T. Day, Fii'st Vail ; J. F. Sanford, Secretary ; Thomas Heaight, Treasurer, and 
Thomas E. Bruce, Guard. 

The charter of the Chapter was issued June 2, 1855. 



658 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

The present officers, who were installed in November, 1878, are as follo.ws : 
D. W. Swartz, H. P.; George E. Kilbourne, K.; S. S. Wiles, Scribe; R. H. 
Wyman, Treasurer ; G. R. Parsons, Secretary ; Frank Allyn, C. of H. ; H. 
Banks, P. S.; E. M. Agnew, R. A. C; John R. Carpenter, Third Veil ; J. H. 
Justice, Second Veil ; A. V. Leopold, First Veil ; William Lowrie, Tiler. The 
present membership is 117, the largest Chapter in the State. 

Damascus Commandery, No. 5. — Was organized under dispensation from 
the Grand Encampment of the United States, December 15, 1863, naming 
Robert Farmer Bower, as Eminent Commander ; Henry K. Love, Generalis- 
simo, and George S. Gebhardt, Captain General. A charter was granted by 
the Grand Commandery of Iowa, dated June 3, 1866. R. F. Bower, was 
Eminent Commander until September 19, 1878, when he declined a re-elec- 
tion, and Henry W. Rothert was chosen in his stead. The other officers are : 
Guy Wells, Generalissimo ; Dr. J. M. Shaffer, Captain General ; Dr. R. H. 
Wyman, Treasurer, and D. G. Lowery, Recorder. The present membership is 
■eighty-three. 

Free Masons Protective Association. — Organized in December, 1872, for 
the benefit of families of deceased members. It has paid over to such, a total 
sum of |8,450. Present membership, 650. Present officers : H. W. Rothert, 
President ; Dr. R. H. Wyman, Viee President ; W. A. Brownell, Treasurer, and 
H. K. Pratt, Secretary. 

Masonic Hall, in Keokuk, is located on the corner of Fourth and Johnson 
streets, in the building erected by Smith Hamill, the third story of which was 
built expressly for their use. The main hall is occupied by the two Blue Lodges 
and the Chapter. The Commandery has its own room on the same floor. The 
four organizations have expended about $5,000 in fitting and furnishing the 
various apartments, and it is claimed that, for beauty and perfect arrangements, 
the hall has no equal in the State. 

I. 0. 0. F. 

Keokuk Lodge, No. 13. — Instituted July 31,- 1848, with seven members, 
five of whom were as follows : George L. Coleman, R. B. Ogden, J. W. Tay- 
lor, J. R. Randolph and Peter Eichar. 

The early records of this Lodge were destroyed by fire, and the names of 
the first officers cannot be obtained. 

The first lodge-room of the order was fitted up in the upper story of John 
A. Graham's building, on Second street, near Main, for which was paid an 
annual rental of $600. In 1858, the Lodge took possession of the building now 
occupied, and which, eleven years afterward, was purchased, as elsewhere stated. 

The present officers of Keokuk Lodge are: John L. Hardin, N. G.; Rob- 
ert C. Fry, V. G.; William C. Steely, R. S.; G. N. Vermillion, P. S., and W. 
H. Nicholas, Treas. 

The one who has been longest a member of the Lodge is B. S. Mer- 
riam. Amount expended for sick benefits, $3,500. Present assets, $4,500. 
Membership, 110. 

Puckechetuck Lodge, No. IfB. — Instituted October 9, 1852. Charter mem- 
bers : George B. Wilson, William A. Taylor, Thomas Swanwick, William 
Edwards, E. H. Wickersham, John Early, Ben Farnum, Peter Eichar and J. 
L. Curtis. ' 

First officers : George B. Wilson, N. G.; Thomas Swanwick, V. G.; W. 
A. Taylor, Sec; Peter Eichar, Treas. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 659 

Present officers: H. A. Heaslip, N. G.; Dr. J. C. Hughes, Jr., V. G.; 
€. A. Leech, Sec; J. W. Delaplain, Treas.; I. N. Tichenor, Permanent Sec- 
retary. 

Present membership, ninety. Assets of the Lodge, $4,500. Sick benefits 
paid since organization, f4,000. 

There have been, all told, 361 initiations, and of the present membership, 
19 have belonged to the Order over twenty years. 

Herman Lodge, No. 116. — Instituted in 1858. Charter members : Her- 
man Rothert, Henry Tieke, George Shaefer, William Horn, Henry Mollers, 
Benjamin Farnum, E. J. Leach, M. Martin, Samuel Rauh and Solomon Rauh, 
all of whom are still living. 

First officers: Herman Rothert, N. G.; Henry Tieke, Y. G.; George 
Shaefer, Sec; William Horn, Treas. 

Present officers: Jacob Agne, N. G.; Jacob Kortz, V, G.; Karl Wirtz, 
Sec, and Karl Schulz, Treas. 

Rebekali Degree, Colfax Lodge, No. 4" — Organized in 1868 ; re-organized 
in 1879. Present membership, 50, and rapidly increasing. Present officers : 
A. J. Mathias, N. G.; Mrs. D. E. Milward, V. G.; Mrs. J. M. Mace, R. Sec- 
retary; Mrs. H. W. Clendenin, Financial Secretary, and Mrs. 0. Michaelis, 
Treasurer. 

Puckeclietuck Encampment, No. 7. — Instituted June 13, 1849. Charter 
members : W. G. Anderson, John P. Reed, Frank Bridgman, W. H. Hill- 
house, William Dierdorf, J. W. Taylor, C. Kiefer, R. B. Ogden, G. L. Cole- 
man and P. Eichar. 

First officers: C. Kiefer, C. P.; J. W. Taylor, H. P.; J. P. Reed, S. 
W.; R. B. Ogden, J. W.: G. L. Coleman, Scribe; W^illiam Dierdorff, Treas- 
urer. 

Present officers : A. J. Mathias, C. P.; F. Schmidt, H. P.: I. L. Brown, 
S. W.; H. L. Tiffany, J. W.; C. Shulz, Scribe; B. S. Merriam, Financial 
Scribe, and E. H. Wickersham, Treasurer. 

The total number who have been received into the Encampment is 235. 
Present membership, 69. Total receipts since organization, |4,633.28. 
Expenditures, |4,541.58. Investments drawing interest, |1,000. Assets, 
11,500. 

Odd Fellows Building Association. — Organized in 1869, with a capital 
stock of 115,000, in shares of |25 each, the issue restricted to Lodges and 
members of the Order. 

Soon after its organization, the Association purchased the building on the 
corner of Main and Seventh streets, for ,^10,000. The building has since been 
greatly improved, and the large lodge-room in the third story is occupied by all 
the Lodges of the city, in common. 

In 1875, an Odd Fellows' Library was organized, starting with about thirty 
old volumes, which number has increased to very nearly one thousand books 
and magazines valuable to the craft. 

Odd Fellows Protective Association. — Organized February 9, 1868, for 
the purpose of insuring the lives of Odd Fellows, on the mutual contribution 
plan. The present membership is 1,030, securing to families of members the 
full sum of |1,000 in case of death. The present officers are : Frederick 
Brinkman, President; L. B. Cowles, Vice President: John C. Fry, Secretary, 
and D. G. Lowry, Treasurer. 

This Association has already paid to families of deceased members a sum 
total of $89,000. 

X 



660 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

KEOKUK VETERAN GUARDS. 

COMPANY A, SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY, IOWA NATIONAL GUARDS. 

July 3, 1872, the Keokuk Veteran Guards were organized by members of 
TorrencePost No. 2, G. A. R.; Richard Middleton elected Captain ; JohnL. Day, 
First Lieutenant, and Ed. S. Carter, Second Lieutenant, and commissioned by 
Gov. C. C. Carpenter, to rank from July 4, 1872, and were armed with the 
Springfield B. L. rifles. 

About June 1, 1875, the company recruited nearly to one hundred men, 
and elected D. B. Hamill, Captain ; L. A. Berryhill, First Lieutenant ; 
James Hill, Second Lieutenant, and commissioned by Gov. C. C. Carpenter. 
George Hill, President ; W. H. , Carey, Secretary, and Hon. John N. Irwin, 
Treasurer. They securing Maj. A. St^ckney, U. S. Engineers, in charge of 
U. S. Canal at Keokuk to drill them, and he in a short time, by his thorough 
discipline, brought them to be one of the best drilled companies in the West. 
They adopted a dark blue uniform with buff trimmings, the Iowa State buttons, 
and U. S. Army full dress cap, white pompon. 

General Orders No. 2, dated Adjutant General's Oflice, State of Iowa, Des 
Moines, January 18, 1876, organized the Second Regiment Infantry, Iowa State 
Guards, of all companies in First Congressional District (Eighth Infantry, and 
attached the three Batteries) and ordered an election for field and staff oflicers 
held by each company on February 8, 1876. This company was the first in 
the field, nominating Gen. A. G. McQueen (late Colonel First Iowa Veteran 
Cavalry) and one of the original members of the company, for Colonel ; George 
A. Henry, of Keosauqua (late Captain Fourth Iowa Veteran Infantry), for 
Lieutenant Colonel; Abe Wilkin, Keosauqua (late Captain Second Iowa Vet- 
eran Infantry), for Major ; C. A. Leech, of K. V. Guards, for Surgeon ; L. S. 
Tyler (late Fifteenth Iowa Veteran Infantry), for Adjutant, and R. Johnston, 
Keosauqua (late Third Iowa Veteran Cavalry), for Quartermaster. Although 
the companies in north part of District put another ticket in the field, the above 
were all elected by a handsome majority, and commissioned February 18, 1876, 
by Gov. Samuel J. Kirkwood, N. B. Baker, Adjutant General of Iowa. Being 
the oldest organized company in the regiment, the Keokuk Veteran Guards 
were designated A Compan3^ On invitation of the Burlington Centennial 
Celebration Committee, the Keokuk Veteran Guards were furnished transporta- 
tion on the C, B. & Q. and arrived in Burlington early on the morn of July 
4, 1876, and quartered at the Starr House, and given a prominent place in the 
procession on that day. On the 5th, they participated in a prize-drill, and they 
claim, by public opinion, that they fairly won and Avere entitled to the first prize 
of $100; and it is said the first decision of the judges awarded it to them, but 
it was afterward changed and they were awarded the second prize, of f 50, and 
as a sort of "peace-offering" they were ordered to the head of the column, and 
led the advance of the eight companies. After three days enjoying the hospi- 
tality of the patriotic citizens of Burlington, the company returned to Keokuk 
on the night of the 6th. 

The Decoration Day Committee invited the Keokuk Junction Guards- 
and Eighth Regiment Infantry, Illinois National Guards, to participate, 
which they accepted, and in command of Capt. William Hanna, arrived in 
Keokuk May, 30, 1 877 ; were met at the depot by Company A, Second Iowa 
National Guards, and escorted to the latter company's armory ; stacking arms, 
the visitors were taken to the Hardin House, during their visit in the city. At 1 



lllsroKV OK \.EK COUNTY. (J61 

r. M., the cdiupanios t\)n»KMl aiul look tlu> advanco ol" procossion, headeil by 
^Vagnol•'8 Silver Oornot Band, and niarched to Oakland Cemetery, whore, from 
the vanlt, they performed the last sad duty of escorting to the t!;rave the remains 
of the late Col. S. M. Archer, Seventeenth Iowa, Veteran Infantry, payino- the 
honi)rs (hie the deceased and firing a volley over the grave; tlien marched 
to the National Cemetery, where nearly seven hundred ''hoys in blue" lie 
buried, who died in our hospitals during the war, and there the companies 
further participated ii\ observing JMenu)rial Day, both companies firing volleys 
at once. 

After supper, both (Himpanies gave the citizens a- line exhibition drill for a 
half-hour; returning lo their heathpuirters, stacked arms, broke ranks and dis- 
}>ersed in squads, A (!1om})any. Second Ivegiment, entertaining their visitors in 
their well-known hospitable manner, and at an early hour on the olst, escorted 
hem to the cars, en route home. 

Col. A. G. McQueen having resigned in the spring, on September 1, Lieut. 
Col. Ceorge A. Henry was appointed Coloiu^ ; Maj. Abe Wilkin, Lieutenant 
Colonel, vice Henry, promoted; Capt. D. B. ITamill, of A ('omj)any, Major, 
vice Wilkin, promoted. Ool. George A. Henry a|)[)ointed llev. Thomas Stephen- 
son, of Keosauqua, Chaplain, aiul 1). W. Stutsman, of Bonaparte, Assistant 
Surgeon, September 6. 

The State making no appropriation for the support of its nulitia, the Com- 
pany remained quiet until the spring of 1878, when, by the untiring energy 
and perseverance of the active olhcers and men of the National Guard, the 
Legislature nuvde a. small appropriation, and the officers of the Regiment in 
Keokuk and active members of A Company called a meeting and recruited 
some fifty men, and, on April 25, elected H. G. Boon, Captain ; and, a few 
nights after, H. H. Maquilken, First Lieutenant, and L. A. Renaud, Second 
Lieutenant. They were commissioned by Gov. .lolin H. Gear. Of the fifty 
men, twenty-five were born in Iowa. The Company adopted the name of 
"Keokuk National Guards," and now^ have the finest full-dress uniform (dark- 
blue coat, trinnned with gold lace, three rows State buttons ; light-blue pants, 
gold stripe ; epaulets dark-blue, white fringe, with leather-bound can tie ; Roman 
helmet, white-and-blue plume, gilt ornament in front, with figure "2 in center, 
crossed rilles on left side; white web-belt, with silver Company letter A on belt- 
plate) and the best material in its ranks of any company in Iowa, composed, as 
it is, of some of our leading merchants, attorneys and energetic young men of 
the city ; and should receive a more liberal encouragement from the citizens, for 
every military company that ever went from Keokuk, either into the army dur- 
ing the war, or visiting other cities since, has refiected great pride upon tlie 
city, and, in no snuiU degree, advertised her name abroad, as well as aided in 
making the fame of many of her most honored citizens, alive and deceased. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 

UAMT3R1NUS. 

The first brewer in Keokuk, was William Schowalter, who began business 
in a small way, in ISM), on Main street, between Twelfth and Thirteenth. He 
continued in the business until 1855, when he died. 

George Laudenschlaeger, came next, and built a frame brewery at the south 
end of Third street, near the river. When the street was opened, his buildin<>' 
was moved to Fulton street, between Eighth and Ninth. 



662 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Peter Haubert established the "Keokuk Brewery," on Fourteenth street, 
between Main and Blondeau, about 1852. It is now owned by Peckstein & 
Nagel. 

In ISoo, A. A^ockrodr builr a stone brewery at the foot ot" the bluff, in Reid's 
Addition, which he owned and operated as an ale-brewery, at the time of his 
death, in 1877. In 1857, Messrs. Jacob Baehr and John Leisy, brcAvers from 
Cleveland, Ohio, came to Keokuk and rented A'ockrodt's premises. Soon after, 
they began the erection of the present "Union Brewery," on the corner of 
Johnson and Thirteenth streets. 

About the same time, Anschutz >.^ Mantz built the Mississippi Brewery, still 
operated by Anschutz ^^ Son. on the bank of the river above city limits. 

After the death of Schowalter, his brewery was rented by Joseph Kurtz. 
This he operated about three years, when he removed to a frame building, which 
stood on the site of the present brick brewery on the plankroad, which was 
built in 1866. The expense of sinking an artesian-well, involved him to 
such an extent that he was compelled to suspend business. The water from 
this well proved unfit for making beer, but it possesses medicinal qualities of 
considerable value. 

The brewery interest is at present represented by Peckstein tie Nagel, Ans- 
schutz (.t Son, and Mrs. Leisy, under the old firm name of ''Leisy Brothers." 
The Union Brewery, owned by the latter, is one of the largest in the State, 
and is superintended by II. Nicholaus. > 

MILLS. 

The first tlourino;-mill erected in Keokuk was built bv Ross B. Hughes, 
about 1846, and stood on the river bank immediately in front of the present 
passenger-depot of the Chicago, Rock Island i!t Pacific Railroad. It was a two- 
story frame, with stone basement, known as the Keokuk City Mills. James F. 
Death operated it, Avhen farmers, at a distance of 100 miles, brought their 
■wheat in wagons, and received for it 37^ cents per bushel. This mill was 
burned down. 

The Imperial Jlills, now owned and operated by B. F. Hambleton, was built 
in 1850, by E. & H. K. S. Omelvenny. They ran it until April, 1853, 
Tvhen they sold to James F. Death, who in turn sold to Ross B. Hughes, 
but he was unable to meet the payments, and Death resold, in 1855, to W. 
H. Austin. In April, 1857, Austin sold to George L. Coleman and 
Ed. A. Foote. The next year, Austin, with C. H. Albers, bought it 
back, and retained the ownership until 1864, when "Citizen" Andrew- 
Brown became proprietor. J. M. Billings and C. F. Davis were the next 
purchasers, in 1866, and sold, in 1869, to Robertson & Albei^s, and C. P. 
Ilanna. Mr. B. F. Hambleton has been interested in the mill since 1874, 
and sole owner since 1876 

The building is of stone, three stories high, with tive run of buhrs, and a 
capacity of 140 barrels per day. 

The Eaijle Mills, on Twelfth street, were erected in 1873, by Wills & Yen- 
awine, who are still owners and operators. The building is of brick, 30x55 
feet, three stories high, and basement of stone, with three run of buhrs. These 
mills do both merchant and custom work, and have a capacity of fifty barrels 
per dav. 

^ ' SAMPLE .^ M ELEOY S IRON WORKS. 

November 1. 1849, S. S. Vail and Seba Armitage, under the firm name of 
S. S. Vail i!c Co., commenced the foundry and machine business in their own 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 663 

shops, erected on the west corner of Sixth and Blondeau streets, doing all kinds 
ol foundry and machine work, and was known as the Keokuk Foundry. 

In March, 1850, Aaron Vail was taken in as partner, without changing the 
style of the firm. In 1.856, they erected new shops (wooden) corner of Ninth 
and Johnson streets, on leased ground, the old location having become untenable 
owing to the grading of the streets, and moved into them, at same time chang- 
ing the cognomen from Keokuk Foundry to "Buckeye Foundry." In 1862 
Seba Armitage sold out his interest, and the firm name was changed to S. s! 
ij ■ 1 ^^^ ^^^® ^P^"^"S of 1863, Aaron Vail, on account of failing health, 

fii f\<^n! "'l^'"®'* ^"^ ^- ^- ^^'^' ""^^ ^^^"^ conducted the business until the 
tall ot 1853 when Seba Armitage again purchased an interest, and the firm 
became Vail & Armitage. In the fall of 1864, B. W. Davis bought an 
mtei-es^t, and the firm became Vail, Armitage & Co. In the spring of 1865 
fe. S. feample bought B. W. Davis' interest, the firm name remaining the same.' 
During the same year, the entire stock and implements of the Pennsylvania 
i|^oundry was purchased and merged into the Buckeye Foundry. In 1868 
they erected the present brick building occupied as a machine shop. In 187o' 
S. S. Sample purchased S. S.. Vail's interest, and D. W. McElroy a portion of 
Seba Armitage's, and the firm name became Sample, Armitage & Co. ; and 
during the same year the present brick building was erected and occupied as a 
foundry, the old wooden structures being now entirely superseded. In 1872, 
S. S. Sample purchased the interest of Seba Armitage, and the firm name 
became Sample, McElroy & Co. 

In 1873, the boiler-making department was added, as also was begun the 
manufiicture of semi-portable steam engines. In 1875, Perry P. Armitao-e pur- 
chased of S. S. Sample an interest, and until present date no further Change 
has beeii made. The present buildings consist of a two-story brick machine- 
shop, 90x36 ; boiler-shop, 50x36 ; and foundry-building, 52x103, two stones 
and necessary small buildings, and ground occupied is 200x140 ft. ' 

MECHANICAL ENTERPRISE. 

The first locomotive ever built in Iowa was turned out, of the shops of the 
Des Moines Valley Railroad at Keokuk, in October, 1875. Every part, from 
the massive wheels to the smallest steam-cock, was made under the supervision 
of M. Sellers, Master Machinist of the road. The weight of the locomotive 
was twenty-four tons, and the cost ^17,000. 

Sellers was crushed to death near the shops in Keokuk, in the summer of 

18 (8. * ' 

THE ICE GORGE OP 1832. 

_ The winter of 1832 was noted for the great ice-gorge at Keokuk. ' The 
winter had been an unusually severe one, and the ice, when broken up by a 
sudden rise m the river, was thirty-four inches thick, and piled to such a height 
that the trees on the opposite bluff could not be seen bv a person standing on 
the Puck-e-she-tuck levee. 

Five thousand pigs of lead piled on the shore near Campbell & Brishnell's 
warehouse were buried in the mud by the weight of the ice and was not recov- 
ered until the next June. Their storehouse was partially turned over, and all 
the houses on the levee more or less injured. 

Four hundred cords of wood were carried away from the levee, where the 
C. R.I. & P. depot now stands, and entirely lost. The keelboat Ophelia, 
belonging to Isaac R. Campbell, was lifted to an angle of forty-five degrees 
and remained in that condition until the ice melted. An elm tree three feet in 



664 HISTOKY OF LEE COUNTY. 

diameter, standing in front of Smith's log grocery, was cut half off by the ice. 
The waxer rose fourteen feet in one hour, and an iron bridge, such as now spans 
the river at this point, would have been swept entirely away by the immense 
weight. 

There was another ice-gorge, about IS-iS or 1844, that was about ei]ual to the 
one described above. The ice piled up as high as thirty feet. It broke the 
moorings of tlie steamer Settler Otter, and played all sorts of fantastic tricks 
with the boats and houses that came in its way. The foi"ce and weight of the 
ice were irresistible and terrible to behold. 

A KEMINPER OF OI.P TIMES. 

Oapt. James W. Campbell, of Fort Madison, has in his possession, as a 
reminder of old-time business transactions at Keokuk, a note given to his father, 
Isaac R. Campbell, by the Indians whose signatures it beai-s, in settlement of 
book accounts. An attempt was made to collect the fimount of the note, but 
in consequence of a "shrinkage of values" and scarcity of money, the attempt 
was fruitless. The note is here preserved : 

One day atXer daie we oi" either of us pi\imise tv^ pay to Isaac K. OampbeU v"< Co.. or bearer, 
the sum of one thovtsaud aud seventy-six dollars, for value received of them, as witness our 
hand ai\d seals this fifteenth day of August, eighteen hundred aud thirty-seven, at Keokuk, 
Wisconsin territory. 

Witness: Kkoki'k, P. his mark. [V.. $.] 

Paw SuiPA ho. X. his mark, [L. S.] 
Waw Paw lo. X, his mark, [L. S.] 
Apasosk, X, his mark. [L. S.] 
Pav Xaw Sy, X. his mark. [L. S.] 
Nan aw E qvit, X, his mark. [L. S.] 
Naw pat Shaw can, X, his mark, [L. S.] 
Naw Way Ave, X, his mai-k. [L. Sj 
Wa vay Co Cash Cak, X his mark. [L. S.] 

MAYORS OE KEOKUK. 

January, 1848, W. A. Clark : April, 1848, Justin Millard ; 1849, Uriah 
Eaplee. He resigned in September, 1849. and John A. Gi-aham was elected 
to till vacancy; 18^0 and 1851. John A. Graham; 18o-, 18r>o and 18o4. B. 
S. Merriam ;' 1855, D. W. Kilbourne ; 1850, Samuel R. Curtis; 1857, Haw- 
kins Tavlor ; 1858, H. W. Sample; 1859, William Leighton ; 1860, William 
Pattei-son; 1861, J. J. Brice; 1862, R. P. Creel; 1863, George B. Smyth; 
1864. J. M. Hiatt ; 1865 and 1866, William Pattei-son ; 186T,"William Tim- 
berman; 1868, John A. McDowell; 1869, A. J. Wilkinson; 1870, William 
Timbenmtn; 1871 end 1872, H. W. Rothert ; 1878, Daniel F. Miller, Sr.; 
1874 and 1875, Edmund Jaeger; John N. Irwin, the present Mayor, has held 
the othce since April. 1876, and his third term is now nearly expired. J. B. 
Paul is the Mavor elect. 



TO ^V N S. 

WEST POI>^T. 

The present town site of West Point is said to have been claimed by one 
Whitaker. in 1884, who sold out to John L. Cotton and John Howell, in 1885. 
They sold again to Abraham Hunsicker, Avho laid out a square, with one tier of 
lots on each side. Cotton built a log cabin near the tu^rthwest corner of the 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 665 

square, and opened a small store, and the })lace was known as "Cotton Town." 
In the spring of 1836, the town site was occupied by three or four small log 
cabins. Early in May of that year, William Patterson, Hawkins Taylor, A. 
H. Walker and Green Casey arrived on the Black Hawk Purchase, from 
Illinois. They were all Kentuckians by birth and education, and, being pleased 
with the location, purchased the claim of Hunsicker, and proceeded to lay out 
adilitional lots. The name of West Point was given it at the suggestion of the 
oliicery of the garrison at Fort Des Moines (Montrose), who agreed, if allowed 
to name the town, to purchase a number of lots. 

The new proprietors held a public sale of lots in September, 1836, the 
average price being about $40. 

The following sketches of the early history of West Point are selected from 
Hawkins Taylor's letters to the Annals of Iowa : 

At that tiaie (ISod-oT), there were but three or four log shanties on the town plat. .John L. 
Cotton had the only store. The house was about 12x1(3, made out of peeled hickory logs, the 
split part inside, and rough boards nailed over tlie cracks : no ceiling, and the roof steep enough 
to please any Hollander. The stock in trade was one barrel of "red-eye," said to be of 
approved quality ; about a dozen pieces of calico, and as many more pieces of domestics, some 
fancy articles, sugar, tea, cofl'ee and tobacco, all amounting in value to perhaps $200. At that 
time, there were not twenty acres of ground fenced in sight of West I'oint. A good deal more 
was broken up and planted ; but the tirst object of the settlcrn was to get in their corn and then 
fence their ground. 

Within a few days after our purchase, my associates returned to Illinois, leaving me to put 
uj) a frame house for each of us, 18.x32 feet, one story high. 1 had not a foot of plank to use in 
any of them ; the studding was rails straightened ; the siding, split boards, and the floors 
puncheons. The front doors and window-sash were brought round from Pittsburgh, and bought 
at Fort Madison. 

On the 10th of September, 1836, the proprietors of the West Point made a sale of lots, 
after pretty full advertisement The proprietors were all temperance men, and one or two of 
tliem Elders in the old blue-stocking Presbyterian Cliurch, and they had set apart a liberal plat 
of ground to their late nunister, who was coming to settle there, and they liad arr.anged to build 
a meeting-house and orgaui/.e a church. To be a "hard-shell" Baptist was then respectable 
with the settlers ; to be a Oampbellite, was passable ; and to be a Methodist, could be tolerated ; 
but they felt that it was asking rather too much for any one to come among them, and propagate 
temperance and blue-stocking Presbyterianism. It was strongly whispered that this was a bad 
lot to settle a new country — -in fact, it was wnispered pretty loudly. The proprietors were very 
anxious to have their sale a success. They were all Kentuckians, and, at that time, had seen 
but few Yankees ; still, they had picked up some Yankee ideas, and, as nearly all the settlers 
were from the South, they concluded to make, on the day of sale, a regular, old-fashioned barba- 
cue. No sooner was this known, than the hard-shells themselves softened, and offers from all 
quarters were made to take charge of the roasting department of the barbecue, and the worst of 
enemies became the best of friends. Both the sale and the barbecue were a grand success ; 
jilenty to eat for all, and well cooked, no one intoxicated, everything cheerful and pleasant. The 
■sale amounted to about |;2,3()0. 

West Point itself and immediate vicinity, up to its being cursed with getting the county seat, 
for which it struggled so long, was a model town for sobriety .and moi-al character. 

When first settled, it was a sort of half-way place of meeting, between a clan that lived ou 
the Skunk, headed by a notorious rough of the name of Hamp. Rattan, and an almost equally 
hard set that lived on Sugar Creek, headed by a family of the name of Points. These parties 
wonld regularly meet in West Point, on Saturdays, run scrub-races, drink whisky, and made 
themselves generally disagreeable to the good citizens. The Rattan crowd were horse thieves 
and regular desperadoes. 'I'hey finally became so bad that the citizens encouraged the Points 
party, and, one Saturday, they drove the Rattan party out of town, and finally out of the country ; 
and as the county settled up, the Points p'lrty naturally drifted oft'. .Tohn Points was known as 
.the bully of his section, altliougli not at all quarrelsome. 

At that time, there was a man of the name of Allan living near where Charleston is situated 
mow. Allan was from Maine, an<l prided himself on being a Yankee — an article scarce at that 
time in that section. Allan had heard of Points as the bully of West Point. Points was a Ken- 
tuckian. Allan sent him word that he would meet him in West Point on a certain Saturday ; 
that he was from Maine, and that he believed a Maine man could whip any Kentuckian. With 
the Saturday, Allan and Points met for the first time. Their friends formed a ring, and the two 
men went to work. Points had ten friends to Allan's one, but no one said a word. Perfect 
fair-play was observed until Allan said he was whipped. It was a rough-and-tumble fight, and 



666 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

never were two men more evenly matched, and seldom better men. The tight was long and 
de^pei-ate. and both men were badly mangled when through. 

Old Father Brand, a Virginia gentleman of the old school, who had graduated into a Justice 
of the Feace. commanded the peace, and commanded the power of the commonwealth to stop 
the tight: but no one obeyed, and the commonwealth stood still until the tight w.as over, vvhea 
he had both participants arrested. Each one pleaded that it was luerely in fun; no harm was 
intended ; that it was merely to test the tighting-quitlities of Maine ;uid Kentucky. Allan was 
Tery eloquent that Points, at least, should not be fined, as he was the victor ; but the Justice- 
could not be convinced that it was legjil for men to tight in fun. He tiued them ^5 each, but I 
never heard of the tine being collected. 

Another tighting scene, at that early day. was lavtghable in the extreme. .Among the early 
settlers in West Point was a family of the name of Podds. The old man was a little knob of 
a man. who did not weigh more than one hundred and twenty-tive pounds : but he had been a 
celebrated tighter in Tennessee in his day. lie had two sons. Orrin and ^Yarren — both now 
good citizens in Arkansas. Orrin had a store on the southeast corner of the town ; the doggery 
was on the northwest corner. There was a little path from the grocery up to Podd's store, beaten 
through the grass. One beautiful evening, just about sunset, a big, blustering man of ihe name- 
of Priscoll, from Kentucky, was boasting in the grocery of how many men he had whipped, and 
declaring, with boisterous oaths, that he could whip any man of his age. Podd was by. but he 
had lost his voice, so that he could only whisper; but he went up to Priscoll, who was twice as 
big as he was, and asked him how old he was. Priscoll said he was sixty-tive. Podd, without 
saying a word, started slowly up the path to his son's store, who was at the time sitting out by 
the door. 'When he got there, he whispered '• Orrin. old Priscoll says he can whip any man of 
his age. He is sixty-tive: 1 am seventy-two. AVill 1 whip him ? " Orrin replied. •■ If you can 
make anything by it.'" The old man, without saying another word, turned and deliberately 
walked back the same path to the grocery, and again went up to Priscoll and said : "You say 
you can whip any man of your age. Yon are sixty-tive; I am seventy-two ;" and — diff!*he 
took him, knocked him down and juntped upon him. Priscoll commenced hollowing " Murder ! 
murder : " The bystanders took otf Podd, when he again slowly and quietly marched" up the same 
path to his son's store and said, " I whipped him 1 " and that was the last of it. Priscoll was 
badly hurt, and never got drunk in town after that. It made him a good citizen. 

The ambition of AVest Point in the early day of its greatness was to be the county seat, and 
after many trials and njany failures, it finally succeeded in getting the Court House. l"p to that 
time, Salmon had had a monopoly of selling whisky for the thirsty and the traveling men ; but 
during court, John G. Kennedy, of Fort Madison, opened out with a caboose, where he was sup- 
posed to sell " choice red-eye.'' 

Near the town lived a noble old man of the name of Ci-eel, an old-fashioned Kentuckian, 
who kept up the Kentucky rule of taking a dram when he went to town. Puring court week,. 
Creel came to town, and meeting a friend, they went lo Kennedy's and took a couple of drinks. 
Creel then went into the Court House, and, not liking something that was said or done, very 
emphatically objected. Judge Mason was on the bench at the time, and he fined Q-eel five 
dollars. 

After adjournment of Court, the old man went to Col. Stewart's residence, where Judge 
Mason was stopping, and told the Judge that he did not object to or complain of the fine, but that he 
really thought it should have been put on Kennedy and not him. The >ludge, in his kind way, 
asked, "Why so?" •• Why," says the old man, "I go to town, generally, about once a week, or 
once in two weeks, and, according to my old cnstom, I go to Salmon's and take two drinks, 1 
treating some one and he treating me. We are used to Salmon's whisky; it is not strong and 
does not hurt us ; we understand it. But here comes this man Kennedy, from Fort Madison, 
with his new kind of whisky, that we know nothing about, and I take only my two drinks, and 
it intoxicates me so 1 am fined. It was not me, but Kennedy, that was to blame." The Judge at 
once agreed to and did remit the fine. 

FIRST PREACHEKS, FIRST SERMONS, ETC. 

The first preachers who visited West Point were Rev. Daniel Cartwright^ 
a Wesleyau Methodist, and a distant rehitive of Peter Oartwright : a Mr. 
Burns, who lived near Skunk River, and a muhitto preacher of the Methodist 
faith, w^ho lived in A'an Buren County, an intelligent man and a good preacher. 
Rev. Cartwright died about twelve years ago, at Kossuth, in Des Moines County, 
where his son Harrison still lives, engaged in merchandising. The first Pres- 
byterian minister was Rev. Alexander Ewing, who may be mentioned as the 
first minister holding regular services. Until the completion of the Presbyte- 
rian Church, meetings were usually held at the house of William Pat- 
terson. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 66T 



PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 



The Presbyterian Church was organized under authority of the Presbytery 
of Schuyler, June 24, 1837, and is believed to be the oldest Presbyterian 
Church organization in the State. The services were conducted by Revs. 
Samuel Wilson and L. G. Bell. The original members were William Patter- 
son and wife Eleanor; Alexander H. Walker and wife Isabella; Ambrose 
Stone and wife Catherine ; David Walker and wife Nancy ; Cyrus Poage and 
wife Mary. William Patterson, A. H. Walker and Cyrus Poage were elected 
and installed Ruling Elders. 

Of the original members, Cyrus Poage, who was a surveyor, moved to Mis- 
souri ; Isabella and Nancy Walker died while members of the Church ; William 
Patterson and wife removed to Keokuk ; David Walker, who died in 1876, was 
the last one of the original members left at West Point. 

Rev, Alexander Ewing was the first minister called to the Church, and was 
its Pastor from 1838 until 1841. He was succeeded by Rev. Salmon Cowles, 
who remained only one year, when Rev. John M. Fulton took charge for two 
years. Rev. L. F. Leake preached from 1844 to 1846, when Rev. Cowles 
returned and remained until 1847, when his connection was again severed, and 
his place filled by James L. Fullerton, who, in 1851, gave way to Rev. James 
(r. Wilson, now U. S. Consul at Jerusalem. Mr. Wilson was Pastor of che 
Church until 1853, when Rev. Cowles returned for the third ..irae, and remained 
until 1860. In that year. Rev. George D. Stewart, now of Fort Madison, was 
called to the pastorate. During Mr. SteAvart's administration, there was an ex- 
tensive revival, and many were added to the Church. In 1865, Mr. Stewart 
received a call from the Presbyterian Church at Burlington, Iowa, which was 
accepted, and he was succeeded by Rev. William Crow, who remained for two 
years, when "Father Cowles," as he had come to be called, again assumed- 
charge for one year. He was followed by Rev. Henry B. Knight, who remained 
until 1869. Rev. George A. Hutchinson succeeded him and coutinued two^ 
years. In 1871, Rev. James Welch was called to the Church, and during his 
administration the Church had a season of revival. The present Pastor, Rev. 
J. P. Baker, took charge of the Church in 1878, with a membership of 116. 

The first church building was a brick structure, erected in 1838 or 1839, 
and was the first built of that material in the State. It stood on the same lot 
occupied by the present building. 

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 

This Church was organized by a Rev. Mr. Jennison, in 1839, at a meeting 
held in the old log schoolhouse, then standing on the corner of Race and Jeifer- 
son streets. 

The original members were William Alexander, William Stewart, Simon 
Cooley, Lewis Pitman, William Rose, John Honnal and George Berry, with 
their wives, and in some cases their children were members. Also, Mrs. 
Eunice Harger and Mrs. James Scott, making the total membership about 
twenty. After organization, church services were held, sometimes in the 
office of 'Squire Brand's hotel, and occasionally in the old log schoolhouse. 
These two places were the only places capable of accommodating religious 
assemblies, and were occupied by all denominations. 

During the year 1842, a small church was erected on Ilayne street, in 
which the society worshiped until the year 1855, when they sold the old building 
to the German M. E. Church, and erected a more commodious building on the 



t)68 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

corner of Jeiferson and Race streets. In 1862, the Church had increased in 
membership sufficiently to secure and support a minister for his whole time. 
The Church continued to grow until 1865, when the roll of membership had 
reached 150. About this time, however, dissensions among the members caused 
a falling off, and. although the organization is still maintained, the Church has 
never since experienced its former condition of usefulness. A Sabbath school 
Avas organized shortly after the Church was established, with some forty or fifty 
members. William Alexander was the first Superintendent. 

GERMAN M. E, CHURCH. 

The German M. E. Church was organized in the fall of 1852, by Rev. Mr. 
Kofpfaga, with ten members — P. Wooster, his wife and daughter Annie ; Peter 
Roth and wife, Jacob Yotter and wife, Jacob Risser and wife, and Charles 
Whitlock. In the year 1 855, they purchased the old brick church first built 
by the M. E. Church, which they occupied until 1877, when they they built 
their present neat and tasty church, 28x30 feet, on the site of the old brick. 
The present membership is twenty-three. 

Soon after the organization of the Church, a Sabbath school was estab- 
lished, which now has an average attendance of sixty. P. Wooster was the 
first Superintendent, and so continued until 1877, when he was succeeded by 
Charles Whitlock. There are also three Bible-classes in connection with the 
Church, which are in a flourishing condition. 

The following is a list of ministers who have been assigned to the Church 

since its organization : Kofpfaga, Charles Schneider, and Conrad, 

who died during the second year of his pastorate. 

MENNONITE CHURCH. 

As early as 1839, a few families of this faith had settled in the neighborhood 
of West Point ; but it was not until 1845, that they had increased in number 
■sufficiently to warrant the organization of a church. 

In the spring of that year, Johannes Mueller (John Miller), a Mennonite 
preacher, arrived with his family, and, shortly after, a meeting was held to 
arrange for holding religious services. The night following this meeting, the 
house occupied by Miller was entered by robbers. Miller was brutally murdered, 
and his son-in-law, Henry Leisa, who occupied the house with him, received 
such wounds that he died shortly afterward. 

In 1849, a second effort was made to organize a church. At this meeting, held 
on Sunday, Second-Advent Day, there were present Isaak Berghthold, Jacob 
Berghthold, Christian Gram, John Roth, Christian Schmitt, Jacob Risser, 
Jacob Ellenberger, John C. Krehbiel, Christian Krehbiel, Abraham Deutsch, 
David Herstein, Michael Roth, Jacob Roth, Jacob Blum and J. Goebel — fifteen 
in all. Jacob Ellenberger and John C Krehbiel were elected preachers, and 
Isaak Berghthold, Jacob Risser and Christian Krehbiel as a Church Committee. 

Meetings were held regularly from this time forward ; the private houses of 
the members being used until 1850, when a log house was built on land previ- 
ously purchased, three miles south of West Point, near Sugar Creek. The first 
services held in this church was on Pentecost Whitsunday, in 1850 ; and on 
the same day, in 1851, the preachers were ordained, and the first communion 
adminstere,d by Rev. David Ruth. 

In 1855, the place of worship was removed to West Point, the schoolhouse 
and private residences being used for the purpose until July 26, 1863, when 
the congregation took possession of their new frame church. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 669 

At this first service, there were present the following ministers : Heinrich 
Ellenberger, the blind Mennonite preacher, from Lyons ; Christian Schowalter, 

of the Franklin Grerman Evangelical Church ; — Braschler, of the Grerman 

M. E. Church ; and George D. Stewart, of the Presbyterian Church of West 
Point. 

The old log church on Sugar Creek was sold, but the lot on which it stood 
is still owned by the Church, and is used as a cemetery. 

The present membership of the Church is 59, and the value of the church 
property is estimated at $800. Rev. John C. Krehbiel is the present Pastor. 

BAPTIST CHURCH. 

Efforts to obtain a detailed sketch of this Church were not rewarded. Rev. 
J. P. McAuley, the present Pastor, resides in Dallas, 111., and divides his time 
with this and other churches. 

CATHOLIC CHURCH. 

The Catholic Church was organized in the summer of 1842, under the 
administration of Father J. G. Allemann, at that time located at Fort Madison. 
The heads of families who comprised the original membership were as follows : 
R. W. Strothman, Johan Rompp, Bernard Helman, Arnold Fullenkemp, Henry 
Dirker, Frank Witte, Bernard Brockman, Bernard Droppel, G. Droppel, 
Joseph Strothman and Bernard Dingman. The first services were held at the 
house of Joseph Strothman, Father Allemann officiating ; soon after which, 
Father Allemann came to live at West Point, boarding at Mr. Strothman's. In 
the winter of 1842-43, the erection of a frame church-building, 21x40 feet, was 
commenced, which was completed and dedicated in the fall of 1843. The con- 
gregation, at that time, had increased to fourteen families. Father Allemann 
was succeeded by Father Michel, in 1846. His successors, in their order, were 
Rev. Fathers Reife, Hottenberger, Johannes, Orth and Jacoby, who is now the 
priest in charge. 

The first church built sufficed for eight or ten years, when it was enlarged 
and used until 1858. In that year, the erection of the present building was 
commenced, under the auspices of Father Reffe. It is not possible to state 
the cost of this building, as the brick were manufactured on the ground, and 
the largest part of the labor performed by members of the Church. The 
outlay on the building, in cash, was about $6,000. The organ cost |800, 
and the three fine-toned bells that hang in the tower, |3,000. The member- 
ship of the Church, at this time, consists of about one hundred and fifty 
families. 

The services of the Church on Sunday are : Low mass in early morning, 
with high mass and sermon at 10 o'clock A. M.; Sunday school from 2 to 3 
o'clock, and vespers 3 to 4 o'clock P. M. On week days: 7.30 mass for 
children. 

The first school in connection with the Church was organized ^about 1846, 
with an attendance of from fifteen to twenty children, who were taught by 
Father AUeman, in the church. 

In 1850, the first school-building was erected, a brick, 20x24 feet, which 
stood south of the church-building. When this was completed, Henry Krebs 
took charge of the school. The erection of the present school-building was an 
event of the year 1877, under the supervision and management of Father 
Jacoby. The building is 55x69 feet, two stories and basement, which is 
arranged for four schools, three of which are in operation, with an average 



670 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

attendance of 175 scholars. The schools are taught by the Sisters of St. Fran- 
cis, their mother-house being at La Crosse, Wis. Four sisters have charge 
of the school, three of whom devote their whole time to the work. The 
principal language used is English, but German is also taught. Church history 
is made a study, and religious exercises are held in each room two hours in each 
week, conducted by Father Jacoby. 

The societies in connection with the Church are : The Young Men's Sodal- 
ity, for literary exercises, with 75 members ; a Young Ladies" Religious Soci- 
ety, with 85 members. The meetings of the former are held at stated intervals, 
and of the latter, at the call of the Priest, and are under the guidance of 
Father Jacoby. The Altar Society, to which married ladies only are admitted, 
numbers 120 members. 

A Mutual Life Insurance x\ssociation was organized by the members of this 
Church July 4, 1878, and is controlled by a President. Treasurer and three 
Assessors. 

WEST POINT ACADEMY. v 

This institution, which was successfully maintained for" several years, was 
incorporated by an act of the Legislature, approved January 23, 1839. Will- 
iam Patterson, John Box, J. Price, A. H. Walker. Cyrus Poage, Joseph How- 
ard, Isaac Beeler, A. Hunsicker, A. Ewing, Hawkins Taylor, Campbell Gil- 
mer, David Walker, Solomon Jackson and William Steele were the incor- 
porators. 

The first term of the Academy opened on the first Monday in June, 18-4*2, 
with Rev. John M. Fulton as Principal. 

The same year, Mrs. McGunagle, of Athens, Ohio, opened a school for 
young ladies, under the directorship of William Stewart, Dr. Freeman Knowles, 
William Stotts and William Patterson. In her prospectus, Mrs. McGunagle 
sets forth that " the inhabitants of West Point and immediate vicinity are 
moral and intelligent, and it is believed that board can be had as cheap as at 
any town in Iowa, say from $1 to ^1.25 per week." 

' The old Court House, erected during the time of the county seat troubles, 
now serves as a public school building. 

POrULATION AND BUSINESS. 

West Point is the largest inland town in the county, and numbers abour 
twelve hundred inhabitants. Herman Brink owns and operates successfully a 
fine flouring-mill. It has five general stores, doing a good business ; two stove, 
hardware and tinware stores ; two drug stores ; two wagon-making estab- 
lishments ; a grocery, queensware and crockery store, and the usual number of 
smaller stores, shops, etc. Jacob Peters is proprietor of the Planters' House, 
the principal hotel. 

The village was incorporated in 1854, and has maintained an organized 
government to the present time. The present officers are : William G. Pitt- 
man, Mayor ; James Daugherty, Assessor : R. A. Scovel, Recorder ; Trustees 
—P. J. Entler, J. D. Feebler, Theodore Wichard, Peter Smith, Reuben Kilo 
and Christian Kraus. 

DENMARK. 

It is not remembered who located the first claim where Denmark is now 
situated, as the owner did not occupy it in person. In the summer of 1835, a 
boy was sent over from Des Moines County, who broke five acres of ground to 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 671 

hold the claim. It was soon after sold to Wade Hampton Rattan, from whom 
it was purchased by Timothy Fox, Curtis Shedd and Lewis Epps, on their 
arrival from New Hampshire, in 1836. These men proceeded to lay out a 
town the next year, and the present name was given it by John Edwards, who 
was there at that time on a visit from the East. 

Until the settlement at Denmark was made, the New England States had 
contributed comparatively nothing to the population of this part of the Black 
Hawk Purchase. "Yankees " were looked upon with suspicion, but in a short 
time these pioneers, Avith others who quickly followed, showed the stuff of which 
they were made by the superior quality of their improvements, their industry 
and enterprise, and interest in church and school. Denmark and vicinity soon 
became the garden-spot of Lee County, and in the years which have followed, 
the advance has been maintained. 

During the summer of 1837, Rev. William Apthorp preached to the new 
comers, and in the spring of 1838 was organized the 

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF DENMARK. 

The founders of the Church were Timothy Fox, Lewis Epps, Curtis Shedd 
and their families, Edward A. Hills and Samuel Houston, who came early in 1836. 
In October following came William Brown and family, and among those who 
followed in 1837 were William B. Cooper, Ira Houston, David Wilson, John 
Hornby and Charles Whitmarsh, with their families ; also Hartwell J. Taylor, 
Francis Sawyer, Jr., Timothy Sawyer, John E. Leeper, Austin Newton, Alonzo 
Barton and J. Oilman Field, single men. 

At the organization, Rev. J. A. Reed, of Warsaw, 111., and Rev. Asa Turner, 
of Quincy, were invited to assist. The first house of worship was 24x20 feet, 
covered with split boards, loose floor and unplastered Avails. 

Rev. Asa Turner, whose anti- slavery ideas would not be tolerated any 
longer at Quincy, 111., where he had been preaching, was invited to the Church 
in July, 1838, and employed half his time. During this year, Daniel Epps, 
Francis Sawyer, Sr., Oliver Brooks, Isaac Field and Jonathan Bullard, with 
their families, came to the settlement, and the Church Avas further strengthened. 
Rev. Asa Turner Avas installed Pastor November 5, 1840, by the Illinois Asso- 
ciation. The ministers present on this occasion were Rev. William Kirby, Rev. 
William Carter, Rev. B. F. Morris and Rev. Reuben Gay lord ; also Charles 
Burnham, a licentiate. At this meeting was formed the Iowa Congregational 
Association, consisting of Revs. Asa Turner, J. A. Reed, Reuben Gaylordand 
Charles Burnham. The Churches embraced in the Association were Denmark, 
Lee County; Farmington, Van Buren Country; Fairfield, Jeiferson County; 
and Danville, in Des Moines County. 

In 1845, the Church began the erection of a new house of worship, which 
Avas completed the next year and dedicated in July. This house was destroyed 
by an incendiary fire some ten or tAvelve years afterward, after which the 
present building Avas erected. 

An important event in the history of Denmark occurred in 1868, Avhen, 
being without a Pastor, Prof. H. K. Edson was appointed a committee of 
one to fill the vacancy. He selected Rev. E. Y. Swift, who was installed in the 
folloAving year, and still continues in charge of the congregation. 

Mr. Swift has proved a valuable acquisition to the community. By his con- 
sistent Christian character, he has endeared himself to his Church, and, recog- 
nizing the inevitable advance in religious thought and action, he has acquired the 
esteem and admiration of the community generally. 



672 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 



DENMARK ACADEMY. 

The schools left behind by the pioneers from "Yankee-land" were sadly 
missed, and at the earliest possible moment it was determined to found an insti- 
tution which would aiford the growing children better advantages than the com- 
mon schools, then hardly worthy the name, could supply. -It was not until 
1842, however, that the establishment of this school became feasible. Messrs. 
Curtis Shedd, Timothy Fox and Lewis Epps, the proprietors of the town, had 
donated one-half the lots to the proposed institution, and by special act of the 
Iowa Territorial Legislature, approved February 3, 1843, Denmark Academy 
was incorporated. Isaac Field, Reuben Brackett, Oliver Brooks, Ilartwell J. 
Taylorand Asa Turner, Jr., were named in the act as the first Trustees, who were 
to hold their offices for one year from the first Monday in March following. 
The object of the act was to establish a "literary institution for the purpose of 
instructing the youth of both sexes in science and literature." 

The town lots donated were designated as part of the stock, and the pro- 
ceeds arising from their sale was to constitute a permanent fund, the interest 
only to be used. Other stock was issued in shares of $25 each, which, were to 
be considered as personal property and transferable on the books of the 
corporation, and the annual income of the institution (not including tuition) was. 
limited to $3,000. 

The original Trustees continued to hold office for many years, being 
re-elected at each annual meeting. 

Albert A. Sturgis, of Washington, Iowa, was employed to take charge, and 
the first session of the Academy was opened in September, 1845, in the Con- 
gregational Church, which, prior to that time, had been used as a district school- 
room. The patronage of the school was derived principally from the resi- 
dents of Denmark and vicinity, and while the number of students was small 
as compared with its present attendance, the founders were thoroughly sat- 
isfied with their beginning. Mr. Sturgis continued in charge until the fall 
of 1848, when he went East, studied theology, entered the ministry, and, 
soon after, went as a missionary to the Mycronecian Islands, where he still 
remains. 

Mr. Sturgis was succeeded by George W. Drake, and continued at the 
head of the Academy until July, 1852. In September of the same year, H. K. 
Edson was placed in charge. Mr. Edson proved a most valuable acquisition, 
as his continuation to the present time indicates. He has given his entire time 
to the Academy until the present year, when, at his own request, he was 
granted leave of absence for one year, and is now traveling and studying in 
Europe. His wife, who, for many years, presided over the female department, 
accompanied him. 

In 1848, the Trustees decided to erect a building of their own, and a stone 
edifice was erected, at a cost of some $2,500. Mr. Isaac Field, as the Build- 
ing Committee, superintended the erection of the building, assorting the stones 
with his own hands. This building was occupied until the year 1865, when 
larger facilities were demanded, and the erection of a main building, to which 
the old one now forms an addition. The new edifice was completed in 1877, 
costing about $17,000. Messrs. Isaac Field and Curtis Shedd constituted the 
Building Committee ; but, as in the former case, the larger part of the super- 
vision devolved upon Mr. Field. The contract for the stone-work was let to 
Mr. Fry and partner (name forgotten) ; but the latter backing out, Mr. Fry 
completed the work, in a most satisfactory manner to the Trustees, although at 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. . 673- 

a large pecuniary loss to himself. Be it said, however, that having faithfulljr 
performed his work, the Trustees did not allow him to suffer, but paid him an 
excess .over the contract price. 

After the completion of the new building, the old charter and the stock were 
surrendered to a Board of fourteen Trustees provided for by the new articles of 
incorporation jBled January 21, 1868, under the general laws of the State. 
Thirteen of the fourteen Trustees were elected March 2, 1868, as follows : 
Isaac Field, Oliver Brooks, Lewis Epps, A. M. Fisher, T. S. Taylor, Asa 
Turner, John Houston, H. K. Edson,' George Shedd, Curtis Shedd, William 
Brown, Kellogg Day and H. Mills. The Trustees, by the new articles of 
incorporation, are made sole managers of the Academy, and have power to fill 
vacancies in their own body. 

Denmark Academy has acquired a reputation for thorough training and 
capable management second to none in the State. The business depression in 
the country has decreased the attendance, to some extent during the last two 
years ; but its general advancement in attendance and efficiency has been con- 
tinuous since its organization. The Academy possesses a good apparatus^ 
cabinet and library. 

The teachers in charge, during the present session of 1878-79, are: George 
W. Brigham, Principal ; Mrs. George W. Brigham, Preceptress ; Rev. D. D. 
Tibbetts and Miss Anna D. Smith, Assistants, and Miss Helen B. Smith, 
Teacher of Music. 

BAPTIST CHURCH. 

The Baptist Church, of Denmark, was organized November 15, 1848, by a 
council of ministers, as follows : B. F. Braybrook, Agent of the American 
Home Mission Society ; H. Burnett, of Mount Pleasant ; Leonard Ilsley, of 
Farmington ; G. J. Johnson, of Burlington ; W. B. Knapp, of Charleston ; 
Mr. Weddell, late of Covington ; J. H. Hope, of Keokuk, and Mr. Claypole, 
of Chillicothe, Ohio. 

The principal members uniting with the Church at that time, were David. 
Terril, Jonathan Swan, William Simmons, Noble Blackington, James A. Shedd, 
Eliza Stigler, Charlotte Swan and Mary Simmons. Of this number, Mrs. 
Charlotte Swan and Noble Blackington alone remain. 

After the organization of the Church, a site for a building was sought for, 
but all lots in the village, eligible for such a purpose, being owned by persons 
having no sympathy with the Church, and who refused to sell, a lot was donated 
by one of its members, and a small house of worship was erected. A spirit of 
persecution followed the Church, and for many years the struggle went on, the 
membership increasing all the time, until the little church became too small, 
when all went to work with willing hearts and hands to build a more suitable 
one ; and the spirit of that determination is seen to-day in a church-building as 
attractive as any in this part of the country. 

There have been baptized into the Church, 107 persons ; 59 have been 
received by letter, 29 by experience, being a total of 195 ; 33 have been excluded, 
81 dismissed by letter, 1 dropped, 21 have died, total, 136. The present mem- 
bership, is 59. 

The following have presided over the Church, as Pastors, in the order 

named : James M. Hope, William A. Wells, Ormsby, Isaac Leonard, 

W. A. Eggleston, John Warren, J. M, Coggeshall, J. Lewellyn, W. C. Pratt, 
E. Anderson, J. Lewellyn, J. W. Hough and Arthur Stott, the present 
Pastor. 



674 HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 

Between the pastorates of Isaac Leonard and W. A. Eggleston, Rev. Mor- 
gan Edwards, a descendant of the celebrated Dr. Jonathan Edwards, resided 
at Denmark for a time, and was a powerful advocate of the Baptist faith. He 
did much to break down the barrier of opposition, and was instrumental in 
organizing several other Baptist Churches in the country. 

This Church was largely noted for its liberality in raising money for church 
and benevolent objects, and has sent into the field several faithful workers, who 
are making good records for themselves. 

BUSINESS INTERESTS. 

The business interests of the village of Denmark may be enumei'ated as 
follows : 

Three general stores, owned and managed, respectively, by George L. 
Epps, Blackington & Holland and Day & Ingalls ; two wagon-factories, con- 
ducted by J. J. Krehbiel & Co. and Hart & Heiser, each with a blacksmith- 
shop attached ; the Wright Spring Company, manufacturers of wagon springs 
and seats ; one harness-shop ; one meat market ; one shoe-shop ; one livery ; 
one hotel, and a cheese-factory. The last named is an enterprise of such 
importance that it deserves special notice. 

At a very early day, the farmers in the vicinity of Denmark turneql their 
attention to the dairy, and it has proved to be the most profitable branch of 
their business. Prior to 1875, each firm^ manufactured cheese in his own 
private dairy, but in that year the 

DENMARK DAIRY ASSOCIATION 

was organized. This is a stock company, with a capital of $3,500. A suitable 
building was erected, 30x50 feet, two stories in height, the first story being of 
stone, Avith the curing department warmed by steam. 

C. M. Turner, who formerly managed a factory at Danville, in Des Moines 
County, was secured as manufacturer, he putting in the machinery, which 
is of the most improved pattern. The average run, extending from April to 
December, is three and one-half tons of milk daily, producing about one hun- 
dred thousand pounds of cheese in the season, which is of a more uniform 
quality, and brings a better price than that manufactured in private dairies. 
Farmers within a radius of three or four miles, who have had many years' 
experience, have, almost to a man, abandoned cheese-making at home, and bring 
their milk to the factory. 

Mr. Turner exhibited cheese from his factory, at the St. Louis Fair, in 1875, 
1876 and 1877, taking the first premium of $100 each year. 

I. 0. 0. F. 

A Lodge of this Order, known as Rescue Lodge, No. 198, was organized in 
Denmark, February 22, 1869, with Hiram Andrews, Theodore Pyle, Edwin 
Conrad, George F. Case, C. E. Mead, R. J. Smith and George L. Epps charter 
members. C. E. Mead was first N. G., and Theodore Pyle, first Scribe. The 
Lodge now numbers about thirty-five members, and has a handsomely-furnished 
room, with a well-appointed library. Dr. A. A. Holland is present N. G., and 
F. J. Murphy, Scribe. 



HISTORY OF LEE COUNTY. 675 



MONTROSE. 



The first settlement at Montrose, after the days of Louis Tesson Honori, 
was made by Capt. James White, in 1832, He inclosed some six or seven 
acres, and, from material pro3ured on the island near by, erected a double 
log cabin near the creek, about thirty rods from the river. When the Gov- 
ernment selected this point for a military post,- in 1834, Capt. White's 
improvements were purchased and made the nucleus of the barracks erected 
that year. 

After the removal of the troops and the abandonment of the post, in 1837, 
David W. Kilbourne laid out a town and named it Montrose. Prior to 1834, 
the place was known as "• Cut Nose " village. 

Sometime after Kilbourne had laid out his town, the heirs of Thomas F. 
Riddick brought suit to establish their title to the mile square derived through 
Tesson Honori, and after it was decided in their favor, the town site was again 
surveyed and partition made between the heirs. 

D. W. & Edward Kilbourne opened the first store in 1839. The build- 
ing was afterward occupied by Chittenden & McGavic, and still stands, the 
oldest house in the town. The weather-boarding was of clapboards smoothed 
with a drawing-knife. 

Montrose was incorporated in 1857. At the first election, held June 1, of 
that year, J. M. Anderson was chosen Mayor; Washington Galland, Recorder, :' J/^ 
and E. J. Hamlet, Gowen Hamilton, B. F. Anderson and George Purcell were ^ ^-^ 
elected Councilmen. 

Those who have since filled the Mayor's chair are as follows : 1858, Cyrus 
Peck; 1859, E. J. Aldrich ; 1860 and 1861, J. Comly ; 1862 and 1863, 
Oliver Dresser; 1864, J. S. Lakin ; 1865, Frederick Hahn ; 1866, L. M. 
Sloanaker; 1867, J. S. Lakin; 1868 and 1869, S. P. Carter. Carter 
resigned in August, and D. C. Riddick was elected to the vacancy; 1870, 
H. A. Winther, who was killed in September, by falling from the roof of the 
school-building ; D. C. Riddick was elected to fill the unexpired term ; 1871, 
D. C. Riddick; 1872, George Purcell; 1873, J. B. Kiel; 1874, William H. ' 
Morrison; 1875, Robert Allen; 1876, George Purcell; 1877 and 1878, J. S. 
Lakin ; 1879, W. T. Wilkinson, the present incumbent. 

Prior to the opening of the canal in 1877, Montrose was an important river 
town, in its being situated at the head of the Rapids, where, except in high 
water, cargoes were discharged and carried over the rapids by lighters. The- 
loss from this industry, however, has been more than balanced by the greater 
attention paid to manufiicturing. There is located here a very large saw-mill, 
owned by Guy Wells, G. B. Felt and D. J. Spaulding, having a cutting capac- 
ity of over fifty thousand feet of lumber per day. Machinery is attached for 
cutting shingles, lath, pickets, etc., and connected with the saw-mill is a 
planing-mill for dressing lumber. This firm employs from fifty to seventy-five 
hands. 

J. A. Smith is proprietor of a mill for the manufacture of heading, staves, 
boxes, etc.. which employs a large number of hands. There is also a flouring- 
mill for custom work. 

The population of Montrose at this time is about one thousand, and being 
surrounded by a magnificent farming country, and having shipping facilities, 
both by rail and river, there is no reason why it should not maintain its present 
important position. 



676 HISTORY OF L¥^ COUNTY. 



RELIGIOUS INTERESTS — THK PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 

■v\-a«; organized in 1846, by Rev. G. C. Beaman. The original members were 
Solomon Beekley, wife and two daughters, Mrs. F. Bishop, Mrs. M. La Fevre 
and jNlrs. John Carpenter, all of Montrose : two men named Boler and Mr. 
Singly, with their wives living near Charleston, united with the Church at its 
organization. Mr. Beaman preached until 1854, services being held in the private 
houses of tlie members, and the schoolhouse. Rev. E. Holt succeeded him and 
erected the present church edifice in 1852. The ministerial succession is as 
follows : Rev. A. Yanstavoren, whose pastorate was ended by his death in 1860; 
Revs. William Kendrick, Aaron Thompson, Burgess, French, Belville, and G. 
C. Beaman, who was a second time the Pastor and remained until his death. 
Rev. J. T. Bliss, the present Pastor, was called three years ago. Rev. Walden- 
meyer, of Nauvoo, 111., partially supplied the Church at various times, when 
the pulpit was vacant. The present eldership is Thos. Sawyer, C. B. Leavenworth 
and George Curtice. A Sabbath school has been maintained since the organ- 
ization of the Church, and has now an average attendance of sixty scholarvS. 
The Church also supports a mission Sabbath school, which is now in its third 
year, with an average attendance of seventy scholars, who are taught in the 
afternoon. 

METHODIST CHURCH. 

- • 

In the year of 1847, Rev. J. T. Coleman preached a few times in Montrose, 

but it was not until 1850 that a class was formed and Montrose constituted a 

mission with Rev. D, Crawford in charge. The first official board consisted of 

G. S. Pendergast, H. Woodruff, R. B.'Scott, John Schooley. A. Ruoker and 

E. R. Mahin. In 1851, Montrose circuit included the classes at Charleston. 

Boston, Ambrosia, Sandusky, Nashville and a class in Jefferson Township. 

Rev. John Jay was the minister. In 185'2, came Rev. John Gilee. The first 

Quarterly Meeting was held November 1 of this year. In 1858, Rev. F. 

Evans; 1854, I. P. Teter ; 1855, F. Evans; 1856 and 1857, F. Goolman ; 

1S58, MulhoUand. In 1850. the circuit was divided, and Rev. G. St. 

Clair Ilussev Avas the Montrose Pastor for two years; 1861, M. See; 1862, 

William Bishop ; 1863, William Brown ; 1864, P. C. Smith ; 1865 and 1866, 

L. F. C. Garrison ; 1867, John Orr ; 1868, J. T. Coleman. 1869, Montrose and 

Farmington circuits were united and Revs. B. A. Wright and J. \V. Cheney 

were assigned to the work ; 1870, B. A. Wright and T. C. Miller; 1871, John 

Burgess; 1872 and 1873, William Patterson; 1874, supplied ; 1875, James 

Hunter; 1876, supplied; 1877, Fletcher Robinson ; 1878, supplied. 

The present church-building was erected in 1855. Present membership, 

eighty-five. A Sabbath school is connected with the Church, Avhicli is attended 

bv about fifty scholars. 
•^ -' EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 

This Church was organized in 1861, by Rev. R. Jope, of Keokuk, with 
fifteen members. ^Ir. Jope ministered to the new congregation for about 
six months, when he was succeeded by Rev. Robert Page, who remained 
some four years. Rev. James Rambo came next, for two years, and 
and he, in turn, was succeeded by Rev. James WoodAvard. Rev. M. W. Darby, 
the last Rector, a much-loved minister, died in 1878, since Avhich time the 
pulpit has been vacant. In 1869, the congregation erected a neat church at a 
cost of $2,000, which is free from debt. The members of the Church number 
some forty persons, Avith an average attendance of eighty children at the Sab- 
bath school. 



HISTORY OF l.KR mUNTY. 677 

The Catholic citizens of Montrose and vicinity erected a tasty stone church 
in 1860, but have no reguhir priest. 

The Re-organized Church of Jesus Christ Latter-Day Saints, or, as com- 
monly known, " Mormons," have also a handsome frame chapel, called "St. 
Mark's Church." 

SCHOOLS. 

The public school of Montrose is an institution of which the inhabitants 
are justly proud. The building, a three-story brick, was erected in 1870, at a 
cost of |15,000. The school is of a high order, and graded in some four or 
five departments, with a competent Principal and able assistants. Prof. J. K. 
McCuUough, of Burlington, has been in charge during the year just closing. 
About three hundred scholars are in daily attendance. 

MASONIC. 

Joppa Lodge, No. 1S6, was organized April 5, 1858, under dispensation 
granted by Grand Master J. F. Sanford. The first officers were as follows : H. 

B. Munson, W. M.; Charles Staley, S. W.; W. H. Hasket, J. W.; C. P. 
O'Neil, Treas.; J. M. Anderson, Sec; J. M. Hawkins, S. D.; G. W. Tolman, 
J. D., and Ezra Bishop, Tiler. 

The charter of the Lodge, issued by Grand Master J. R. Hartsock, is dated 
June 13, 18.'^9. Present membership, forty-nine. 

Present officers: Thomas Ellis, W. M.; S. A. Carter, S. W.; A. E. Kiel, 
J. W.; C. M. Home, Treas.; P. W. Bowen, Sec; H. Gerboth, S. D.; L. B. 
Harrison, J. D.; W. Kennedy, S. S.; G. W. Kiel, J. S., and R. Goodnough, 
Tiler. 

Masonic Hall is a neatly-furnished room in a two-story brick building, 
owned by the Lodge, and situated on the corner of First and Chestnut streets. 
The Lodge is in good working order, well officered and increasing in num- 
bers. 

Martha Chapter., No. 5, of the Order of the Eastern Star, was organized 
in 1870, and has some forty members. The officers are: Thomas Ellis, W. 
P.; Miss Josephine Anderson, Worthy Matron ; Mrs. J. B. Kiel, Associate 
Matron; Mrs. R. S. Owens, Treas.; Miss I. D. Ellis, Sec; Mrs. Susan Ellis, 
Conductress; Mrs. A. Ballou, Associate Conductress. 

Meetings are held on the first and third Fridays of each month, in 
Masonic Hall. 

The Red-Ribbon Club and a literary society, or debating club, are insti- 
tutions permanently established in Montrose, well managed, and doing much 
good to the community. 

FRANKLIN CENTRE. 

This town was laid out on the 21st of March, 1840, by J. L. Scott and S. 

C. Reid, appointed by act of the Legislature to locate a county scat of Lee County. 
The land upon which the town is situated was donated by Johnson Chapman, 
John Brown and Thomas Douglas. The Court was never removed to Franklin 
Centre. Other towns had greater influence, and in the war over the question 
Fort Madison secured the permanent location of the county seat. 

The first house in Franklin Centre, was built by Thomas Douglas, in 1859. 

The first store was kept by William Tillman, and, after him F. Welge, 
Arnold, Brown, Walker and Ehinger were the principal merchants. Frank 
Sala established the first drug store in 1868. Conrad Stein opened the first 



1^78 UlSTOKV OF l.F.K OOVNTY. 

Stove !?tore. The town had for a time two tiouring-mills, the present one, built 
and oporjited bv Jacob and Adam Weigner, the other in the taotovy-buiUling 
run by Trump it Bnllingov. The tir^r $a\Y-mill was built by John MoMiUau 
and Jacob Wcignor. The tirst start toward the wooUm-factory was made by 
Henry Wedigc and Frederick l.ang. who put iu operation a carding uuichine 
prior to lSl)5. In that year, Jacob Weigncr. Gevu-ge ^lehl, Vahn\tiue Schwan, 
F. Welge, Mr. Hohleter and F. Lang formed a stock company under the name 
of the Franklin ^lanufacturing Company. This Company manufactured woolen 
goods until IST'J, when it failed, and the vuills have since been operated by F. 
Kreikenbaum, J. Berger and others. 

The Baptists began the erection of the tvrst church in I84il, on the lun-th 
side of the public square. Before it wa:? completed, it was sold to the Meth- 
odist organization, who tinished the house but were unable to maintain it, and 
it was sold to William Tillman, who occupied it with a stock of goods. 

The tirst church-building proper wa$ erected by the Evangelical congregation 
in 1850. l^he hrst sermon was preached in the now church by Rev. Kroenlein. 
Mr. John Berger builr the stone chapel now occupied by the Cerman Pvesbv- 
terians, 186i!. In 1808, the Mennonites built their line structure, in which is 
combined church, sohoolhouse and residence of the Pastor. 

The Independent school-building of Franklin Centre is a tAvo-story stone 
with cupola and bell, erected in 1878. It has a seating capacity for 160 
children. The school ha* always been conducted by the best teachers that 
could be procured, and is not exceeded in etliciency by any in the county. 
.\ literary society has been an attacluncnt for several years, holding reg- 
ular meetings during the winter months. In addition to the public school, 
the Evangelical congregation and the Mennonites support denominational 
schools. It should be here stated, that at the census of 1875, there wa^s not 
a child in Franklin l\nvuship of the age oi' fourteen years but could read and 
write. 

Franklin Centre was incorporated in 1874. Previous to this. Christian 
Hirschlcr, had made an effort to incorporate the town, but had tailed. In the 
spring of 1874. Louis Heiseeke, H. C. Ileiser and others called a meeting, and 
the project was placed properlv before the people. 

A petition signed by thirty of the most prominent citi/.ens, was prestnued 
to the District Court, sitting in Fort Madison, and an election was ordered for 
the -Oth of June following. .Vt tins election, thirty-one votes were cast for 
incorporation and eleven against. 

At the tirst election for town officers, Arthur Craham was chosen Mayor; 
John Eyman, Recorder ; and Louis Heiseeke, Frank Wagner, (.teorge Vogt, 
Louis Ilalfner and Frank Weil. Aldermen. 

Franklin Centre is situated on a rich rolling }>rairie. and is verv neavlv tlu> 
geographical center of the county. It lias a large Ceruum population, who are 
industrious and frugal, mostly out o( debt, and yearly adding to the surplus 
laid aAvay for future needs. 

CHARLESTON, 

iu Charleston Township, was laid out by Joseph Ilupford, .March 5, 184!K It 
was for many yeai*s the point at which county conventions were frequently 
held, ami at one time had aspirations for the county seat, but failed, and is now 
a quiet country village that has probably seen its best days. 



iiisToKY or m;!', county. (yl^ 



NASHVILLE], 

on (,ho Mississippi Rivor, bolow Montrose, was laid out by Elias Smith, July 
29, 1841, and Avas iticorj)ora(cMl bv s})ocial act of tho Territorial Ijcgislature, 
but a charter wa.s luiver adopted. 

(JKOTON, 

on tlic Oca Moines iliver in Van Uuren Township, and a station the C, K. I. 
k V. M. II., was laid out by Lewis (loon, duly -^ 1H49. 



PILOT (niOVE, 

in Marion Township, was laid out by Wesley Harrison, Stephen Townsend and 
others. April 1(1. 1858. 

ST. PAUL, 

ill the same township, was laid out April 30, 1866. 

PRTMIIOSE, 

in Harrison Township, was laid out by George W. Perkins, and Janu\s 11. 
Washburn, b^ebruary 28, 1848. 

SOUTH FRANKLIN, 

on the B. k S. W. R. R., was laid out bv Hon. P. Henry Smyth, of Burling- 
ton, August 22, 1872. 

VINCENNES 
is a business little village in Des Moines Township, on the C., R. I. & P. R. R. 

WEVER 

ia a station on the C, B. & Q. Railroad, in Green Bay Township. It is 
built but a short distance from the old town of Jolly villc, which it lias super- 
seded. The surrounding country is very fertile and gives Wever a good local 
trade. It has the usual places of business for a town of 800 inhabitants. 



a^.r:^^ 




BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY. 



^BBRESAT-I^TIONS. 



agt agent 

l)<ig boarding 

carp carpenter 

elk clerk 

Co company or county 

dlr dealer 

far farmer 

gro grocer 

I. Y. A Iowa Volunteer Artillery 

I. v. C Iowa "Volunteer Cavalry 

I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry 

Jab laborer 



macli machinist 

mech mechanic 

mer merchant 

mfr manufacturer 

mkr maker 

p. Post OflSce 

prop proprietor 

S. or Sec Section 

Bt street 

Bupt superintendent 

Treas Treasurer 



KEOKUK CITY. 

(P. 0. KEOKVK.) 



A CKLEY, J. S., carpenter. 

ACKERMAW, GEORC^E, dealer 
in groceries, wood and produce, corner 
of Tenth and Concert streets ; was born 
in Fort Madison. Married Miss Mar- 

• garet Gable, of Franklin, this county, 
in 1875 ; have one child — Grcorge Law- 
rence. Mr. A. engaged in his present 
business in 1871. Himself and wife 
are members of the Lutheran Church. 

Ackley, Thomas, railroad fireman. 

Acklev, William, laborer. 

Adair, William T., bricklayer. 

Adamson, A. M., soap manufacturer. 

Agne, Jacob, saloon. 

AGNEW, C. N., baggage-master and 
yardmaster of C, B. & Q. R. R, ; born 
in Rushville, Schuyler Co., 111., in 1846 ; 
came to Keokuk in 1873, and has since 
been engaged in railroading. Married 
Miss M. C. Yeate, of Augusta, 111., in 
1868 ; they had two children — Alulelia, 
and Charles E. (died in 1871). Mr. A. 
is a member of the Masonic Lodge. 
Enlisted in 1862 in Co. G of 73d 111. V. 
I.; he was in all the battles of the At- 
lanta campaign ; was mustered out at 
Nashville, Tenn., in August, 1865. In 
politics. Republican. 

Ahlstedt, P. A., shoemaker. 



Aiken, Joseph S., teamster. 

Albert, E. T. & Son, boots and shoes. 

Alden, Charles. 

ALEXANDER, FOl^TAINE, 

of the firm of R. F. Bower & Co,, 
wholesale grocers. Main St., between 
Second and Third sts.; Mr. Alexander 
was born in Cumberland Co., Ky., Dec. 
28, 1841 ; came to Keokuk in 1857 ; he 
was employed as a clerk for his father, 
Miller Alexander, and for the firm his 
father was afterward connected with — 
Cleghorn & Alexander, pork-packers, 
for several years ; in 1865, he went to 
Salt Lake City, Utah, and was for one 
year engaged in the produce business, 
freighting, etc. ; in 1866, he went to 
Louisville, Ky., lived there and in St. 
. Louis, Mo., until February, 1868, when 
he returned to Keokuk, and, from that 
time until 1872, he was engaged as 
traveling salesman in the wholesale 
grocery business ; from 1870 to 1872, 
he was a member of the firm of Collier, 
Robertson & Co., wholesale grocers; 
from 1872 to 1875, he was engaged in 
merchandise brokerage business ; after- 
ward he became a member of the firm 
with which he is now connected. 
AliEYX, FRAXK, attorney at law ; 
born in Keokuk in September, 1846 ; 



682 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



he is a graduate of Miami University in 
Ohio, Class of 1867 ; Mr. Allyn has been 
engaged in the practice of law for the 
last ten years. 

Alton, Charles, molder. 

Alton, Henry, livery. 

Alton, James, blacksmith. 

Anderson, Daniel, plasterer. 

Anderson, D. G., plasterer. 

Anderson, Frank, laborer. 

ANDERSO:^, IJ^RAEIi, was born 
in Greene Co., Penn., Feb. 28, 1815; 
came to Van Buren Co., Iowa,- in 183*7, 
thence to this county in 1840. In 1861, 
he was appointed Captain of Co. C, 3d 
I. V. C. ; was engaged in the battle of 
Pea Ridge ; the company were march- 
ing by columns of four ; the rebels were 
coming from the right ; Capt. A. looked 
about and cried out where is the Colonel? 
(Lieut. Col. Trimble had been severely 
wounded and compelled to leave the 
field.) Not seeing the Colonel or Maj. 
Perry, he gave out the following order, 
not found in cavalry tactics, in a loud 
and determined voice, " Fours right ! draw 
revolver and give them hell, boys." The 
order was promptly obeyed. One of 
Gen. Pike's Indians just then fired at 
him from where he was lying on the 
ground in ambush ; the ball missed the 
Captain, but struck his horse; the 
Captain, knowing his horse was hit, 
saw the Indian, fired at him with his 
revolver and also called to one of his 
men to shoot that scoundrel ; his cavalry 
was repulsed, the company moved to 
another part of the field, and, in half a 
mile from where the Captain's horse was 
shot, he dropped dead, and he imme- 
diately remounted another ; next day, 
on looking over the field, several of 
Gen. Pike's Indians were found dead, 
piled upon the very spot from whenc.e 
his horse was fired upon and killed ; 
Capt. A. was subsequently wounded at 
Batesville, Ark., in 1862. He is tall 
and straight, six feet two inches in 
height, with dark complexion and keen, 
piercing eye ; he is generally known as 
old " Black Hawk," with which chief 
and Keokuk and other leading Indian 
chiefs he was wpll acquainted. Capt. A. 
has been married three times ; present 
wife was Sarah Hamilton. Has been 
twice Sheriif of Lee Co. 



ANDERSON, J. G., attorney at 
law ; born in Cincinnati, Ohio; came to 
Keokuk in 1 857 ; Mr. Andersdn gradu- 
ated from the State University of 
Missouri, where the degree of A. M. 
was conferred upon him in 1869 ; 
studied law with Gilmore & Anderson, 
and was admitted to the bar in February, 
1871 ; he continued in the ofi&ce of 
Gilmore & Anderson until March 1, 
1873, when he became a member of the 
firm of Howell & Anderson ; he and 
Mr. Howell continued in partnership 
until July 1, 1877 ; the firm was then 
dissolved, and Mr. Anderson was en- 
gaged in practice alone until Jan. 1, 
1879, when headmitted Wm. J. Boberts 
to partnership, the firm name being at 
present Anderson & Boberts. Mr. A. 
married Miss Emily Tomlinson Sept. 
22, 1876; she was born in Kentucky; 
they have one child — Joseph B. 

ANDERSON, JAMES H., of the 
firm of Gilmore & Anderson, attorneys, 
came to Keokuk in 1856 ; from 1860 
to 1863, he resided in Clarke Co., Mo. 
He enlisted and served about eight 
months in the 21st Mo. V. I. ; in Jan- 
uary, 1863, he returned to Keokuk, 
and, in May of that year, he enlisted in 
Co. A, 45th I. V. I. ; served in that 
regiment until September, 1863. Mr. 
Anderson was admitted to the bar March 
12, 1866 ; he is a native of Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

Anderson, Jerry, barber. 

Anderson, John, laborer. 

Anderson, B, J., retired. 

Annable, D. H., clothing. 

Anschutz, F. W., brewer. 

Anschutz, H. W., retired. 

Armitage. Seba, Alderman'. 

ANIVERDA, J., retail dealer in 
liquors, cigars and tobaccos ; born in 
Holland in 1825 ; came to America in 
1848, to Keokuk in 1851 ; started pres- 
ent business in 1869. Married Miss 
Sophia Harriet in 1854 ; she was born 
in Holland in 1827 ; they have three 
children — Theresa, Burnett and Henry, 
members of the Catholic Charch. Mr. 
A. is Liberal. 

Ayres, T. B. J., & Sons, jewelry and 
musical instruments. 

BAKER, S. F., & Son, patent medi- 
cines. 



KEOKUK CITY. 



683 



BAI^BACK, A., proprietor of Frank- 
lin House, between 10th and 11th sts. ; 
born in Wurtemberg, Ger., in 1838; 
came to Keokuk in 1872 ; started present 
business in 1873. Married Miss Annie 
Vale in 1 873 ; she was born in this 
county in 1854; they have one child 
— William, born in 1876. Members of 
the Lutheran Church ; Mr. B. is a mem- 
ber of the Druid's Society ; in politics, 
Liberal. 

Baldwin, Theo. F., lumber. 

Bales, Charles. 

Ballinger, M. A., attorney. 

Ballinger, William, attorney. 

Bancroft, W., physician. 

Banks, Henry, painter. 

Barnisconi, Lewis, saloon. 

Barney, Lewis T., Supt. Barney's Vine- 
yard. 

Barr, W. J., clerk. 

Barrett, Jacob. 

Barrett, Wilson, prop. Barrett House. 

BARTI.ET, H. D., grocer, 71 
Johnson St., Keokuk ; was born in St. 
Louis in 1824. On the 25th of Decem- 
ber, 1846, he married Miss Sarah Ann 
Hayden. a native of Bartholomew Co., 
Tnd.; have three children living — Char- 
lotte, now Mrs. George Hagney, of 
Hancock Co., 111.; Martha Ellen, now 
Mrs. H. C. Lemming, of this city, and 
Fannie Gertrude. Mr. Bartlett was 
several years Marshal of this city ; has 
been a resident of Iowa since 1833 ; he 
is -an energetic business man, whose 
pubhc spirit is ready at all times to ad- 
vance the interests of any deserving en- 
terprise, public or private. 

Bauer, George, grocer. 

Bawden, Benjamin, marble works. 

Beck, John, stock-dealer. 

Beddenstadt, J. A., gardener. 

Beede, S. E., commercial traveler. 

BEIiKlVAP, WILLIAM W., 

CrEN., is the son of Gen. William 
G. Belknap, of the United States 
Army, who distinguished himself in the 
war of 1812, in the Florida war, and 
at Resaca and Buena Vista in the war 
with Mexico, and died in the service in 
1851, in Texas. He was born at New- 
burg, New York, in 1829, and, after 
attending the high school and academy 
there, and pursuing his studies in 
Florida, where his father was stationed, 



he entered Princeton College in 1846, 
and graduated in 1848. After studying 
law in Georgetown, D. C, and being 
admitted to the bar in Washington 
City, he went, in July, 1851, to Keo- 
kuk and commenced the practice of the 
law, shortly afterward forming a part- 
nership with Hon. R. P. Lowe (who 
was soon after elected) District Judge, 
and later Governor and Chief Justice of 
the Supreme Court of the State), and 
brought his mother and two sisters there 
in 1852. He was a member of the 
Legislature from Lee County, in 1857, 
as a representative of the Democratic 
party; but, being a strong Douglas 
Democrat, and not uniting with the 
members of that party who favored 
what was known as the Lecompton Con- 
stitution of Kansas, which was an im- 
portant and exciting question in the 
politics of the party, he joined the Re- 
publican party. He was appointed Ma- 
jor of the 15th Iowa Vols., by Gov. 
Kirkwood, in 1861, of which regiment 
Gen. Hugh T. Reid was Colonel, and 
participated in that capacity in the bat- 
tle of Shiloh, where he was wounded 
and had his horse shot under him. He 
remained in the army until the close of 
the war, rising gradually through the 
grades of Lieutenant Colonel and 
Colonel ; was appointed Brigadier Gen- 
eral of Volunteers, by President Lincoln, 
in 1 864, on the recommendation of 
his Commanders, Gens. Blair and Sher- 
man, and was brevetted Major General 
in 1 865 for gallant and meritorious serv- 
ices during the war. Having, as Brig- 
adier General of Volunteers commanded 
the 3d Brigade, 4th Division, 17th 
Army Corps (Blair's) of the army of 
the Tennessee (McPherson's) ; he was 
in numerous battles; among them, Shi- 
loh, Corinth, the several battles near 
Atlanta, and the battle of Bentonville, 
N. C. He was engaged in the siege of 
Corinth, Vicksburg and of Atlanta, and 
commanded his Brigade (composed of 
the 11th, 13th, 15th and 16th Iowa 
Regiments), under Sherman in his 
march from Atlanta to the sea; thence 
to Goldsboro', Raleigh and Washington. 
He was repeatedly mentioned for cool- 
ness and courage, and in the battle of 
Atlanta, July 22, 1864, he took pris- 



684 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY; 



oner Col. Lampley, 45th Alabama, by 
pulling him over the works by his coat 
collar. At the close of the war, he was 
appointed Collector of Internal Revenue 
for the 1st District of Iowa. On the 
accession of Gen. Grant to the Presi- 
dency, he was offered the choice of either 
one of three important public positions 
in another State, and one at Washing- 
ton, which he declined, and remained 
Collector of the 1st District (comprising 
the counties of Lee, Des Moines, Louisa, 
Washington, Jefferson, Van Buren, 
Henry, and Davis), until October, 1869, 
when he was appointed Secretary of War 
by President Grant, and his many friends 
point to the records of that office for 
the proof of his faithful labors for a 
term of over six years. Prior to this 
appointment, he was selected as the ora- 
tor for the Army of the Tennessee at 
the re-union of all the Western armies, 
at Crosby's Opera House, Chicago, De^ 
cember, 1868, and delivered the address 
at the great Re-union of Iowa soldiers, 
at Des Moines, in September, 1870. 
After his resignation of the office of 
Secretary of War, articles of impeach- 
ment were presented against him, and, 
after a protracted and thorough trial, he 
was acquitted by the Senate. Gen. 
Belknap married, in 1854, Miss LeRoy, 
of Keokuk, the sister of Mrs. Hugh T. 
Reid, and their son, Hugh Reid Bel- 
knap, is now a student at Phillips Acad- 
emy, Andover, Mass. His present wife, 
whom he married in 1873, formerly 
Miss Tomlinson, of Harrodsburg, Ky., 
is the daughter of the late Dr. John 
Tomlinson, an able and famous physi- 
cian of that locality. They have one 
child, a daughter, Alice Belknap. Since 
leaving the War Department Gen. 
Belknap has been engaged in legal prac- 
tice ; his residence is Keokuk, but his 
business before the Departments at 
Washington, a large part of which re- 
sults from his employment as attorney 
by several Railroad Corporations, re- 
quires him to be absent from home dur- 
ing a portion of each year. 

Bennett, James A., produce. 

BEWSON, C li., carpenter, contrac- 
tor and builder ; shop, corner 5th and 
Johnson streets. Was born in Stowe, 
Vermont, where he remained until the 



breaking-out of the war, when he en- 
listed in a Vermont regiment and 
served until July, 1865; he came to 
Keokuk in 1866 ; married Miss Ella 
E. Ackley, in this city ; have one child 
— Eldon L. Mr. Benson acts with the 
Republican party. 

Benton, Jacob, watchman. 

Bepler, Jacob, molder. 

BERG, MARTIN, saloon-keeper, 
Fifth street, between Main and Blon- 
deau ; was born in Bavaria, Germany, in 
1827 ; came to America in 1852, and to 
Keokuk in 1853, and has since been en- 
gaged in the hotel and saloon business. 
Married Miss Phebe Hiser in 1863 ; she 
was born in Ohio in 1843; they have 
five children — Lizzie. Albert, John, 
Amelia and Martin, Jr. Mr. B. is a 
member of the Druids and Turner So- 
cieties ; the family belong to the Ger- 
man Presbyterian Church ; Liberal. 

Bermingham, Thomas, grocer. 

Berry, Thomas, teamster. 

Berryhill, John, Sr., carpenter. 

Beverenger, Charles, brickmason. 

Billings. J. B. dry goods. 

Biloff. C, laborer. 

Bindel, Adam, traveling salesman. 

Birge, C. P., wholesale grocer. 

Bisbee, John M., wholesale grocer. 

Bishop, J. W., Supt. Iowa Coal Co. 

Blackburn, D. W., conductor C, B. & Q. 
R. R. 

Bland, Austin, bill-poster. 

Bland, George, blacksmith. 

Blom, Nicholas, lye and soap factory. 

Blom, Wm., wholesale grocer, 

BliOOD, H. B., passenger agent 
of the St. Louis, Keokuk & North- 
western Railway Co. Col. Blood was 
born in Charlton, Worcester Co., Mass. 
During the late rebellion, he entered the 
U. S. service as Assistant Q. M. of vol- 
unteers with the Army of the Potomac ; 
in the winter of 1864, he was appointed 
Chief Quartermaster of the 25th Army 
Corps ; mustered out in November, 
1865. He then engaged in the coal min- 
ing business in Pennsylvania ; continued 
in the mining business until 1875, two 
years of the time in Clay Co., Ind.; the 
Colonel was connected with the construc- 
tion of the Philadelphia & Baltimore 
Central Ry. in Pennsylvania ; he also 
superintended the construction of the 



KEOKUK CITY. 



685 



road with which he is now connected 
from Hannibal to Louisiana, Mo.; came 
to Keokuk in 1876, and has held his 
present position since that time ; he has 
been connected with railroad business 
more or less itince 1858. 
Blose, E. A., tailor. 
Blixt, H A. 
Bode, Charles, drayman. 
Bode, Louis, clerk. 
Bolte, Louis, brushmaker. 
Booth, E. C, foreman in porkhouse. 
Bostwick, H. N., dry goods. 
BOTTE, P., boots and shoes, Fourth 
street, bet. Main and Johnson ; born in 
Germany, in 1841 ; came to Keokuk in 
1874. Married Miss Mary Grienwald 
in 1871 ; she was born in Germany in 
1848 ; they have three children — Paul, 
Elizabeth and August. In politics. Lib- 
eral. 
BOWDEI^, T., of the firm of T. Bow- 
den & Son, dealers in wrought-iron, 
pipe, gas and steam fittings of every de- 
scription. Third st., between Main and 
Johnson. Mr. Bowden was born in Der- 
byshire, England, in 1824, emigrated to 
Newport, Ky., in 1849, thence to this 
city in 1849. He married in England, 
Miss Hannah Lee ; they have four chil- 
dren — Joseph, who is engaged in business 
with his father, Sarah (now Mrs. Wm. 
Holt), Matilda (now Mrs. Chas. Zerr), 
and Hannah. Mr. Bowden is a Democrat. 
He built the Keokuk Gas Works, and 
was Superintendent of them for ten 
years. Residence, 720 Main st. 
Bower, B. B., retired. 
BOWER, R. F., of the firm of R. P. 
Bower & Co., wholesale grocers, was born 
in Philadelphia, Penn., Sept. 15, 1823. 
In 1837, his parents removed with their 
family to Louisville, Ky., where R. F. 
Bower was brought up and learned the 
drug business; in 1848, he went to 
Madison, Ind., where he was engaged in 
flouring-mill business until his mills 
were destroyed by fire in 1854. R. F. 
& F. Bower commenced business in Keo- 
kuk as wholesale grocers in 1856; F. 
Bower afterward died, and Mr. R. F. 
Bower carried on the business alone 
until July, 1865 ; he then admitted as 
partners J. Finigan and Alexander Col- 
lier ; they were associated together until 
May 25, 1875, when Mr. Bower again as- 



sumed entire control of the business; July 
1, 1876, he admitted Fontaine Alexander 
as a partner ; their business is princi- 
pally in Iowa, Missouri and Illinois ; 
average annual sales, about $400,000. 
Mr. Bower is President of the Commercial 
Bank, President of the Keokuk Loan & 
Building Association, and also a Direct- 
or of the Iowa State Insurance Co. 
To him more than to any other man, ia 
the city indebted for the founding and 
success of the Keokuk Library Associa- 
tion, which, under his Presidency and 
fostering care, has outgrown all others of 
its kind in our State ; has also been 
Treasurer of the city; his library of 
miscellaneous and Masonic books is one 
of the largest, most valuable and well- 
selected in the West. Mr. Bower was 
made a Mason in Union Lodge, No. 2, 
at Madison, Ind., in the fall of 1850, in 
which Lodge he served as Secretary for 
a number of years ; on the 14th of No- 
vember of the same year, he was exalted 
in Madison Royal Arch Chapter, No. 1 ; 
in 1855, in Raper Encampment (as 
Commanderies at that day were desig- 
nated), at Indianapolis, he was dubbed 
a Knight Templar, in which order he 
has since won high honors. Shortly 
after removing his residence to Iowa, he 
became a member of Hardin Lodge, No. 
29, of Keokuk, in which he has ever 
since sustained a membership, and of 
which he has served as Senior Warden 
and Master ; he became a member of 
Gate City Chapter in 1857 or 1858, and 
was elected its High Priest in 1868 and 
1869 ; he received the order of High 
Priesthood in 1869, at Mt. Pleasant, and 
in the year 1873 was chosen Grand 
High Priest, and has served for two 
years, retiring from the position in 1875 ; 
in 1865, he passed the circle of Perfec- 
tion in Parvin Council, No. 5, of Royal 
and Select Masters, at Keokuk, over 
which body he presided for a number of 
years ; in the Grand Council he has 
been a steadfast worker for many years; 
in 1866, he was chosen Treasurer of that 
body, and has been annually re-elected 
until, at the last annual assembly (in 
1875), he was elected Grand Master, 
which position he now holds ; in 1874, 
he represented our Grand Chapter at the 
General Grand Chapter, at Nashville, 



686 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



where he was chosen General Grand 
King ; in 1877, Deputy General Grand 
High Priest, which office he now fills ; 
in his Grand Chapter and Grand Com- 
mandery, he holds the honorable position 
of Representative from several corre- 
sponding Grand Bodies, and St. John's 
Commandery, No. 4, of Philadelphia, 
whose semi-centennial anniversary he at- 
tended, elected him an honorary mem- 
ber Sept. 15, 1869; on the 20th of 
August, 1868, by special dispensation, 
he received the Ancient and Accepted 
Rite, thirty-second degree, in Philadel- 
phia Consistory, No. 1 , and was created 
an honorary Sovereign Grand Inspector 
General, thirty-third degree, of the 
Southern Jurisdiction at St. Louis, in 
September, 1868, and on the 18th of i 
September, 1868, was crowned an active \ 
thirty -third degree for Iowa; May 31, ■ 

1876, he was made a Knight of the ' 
Order of the Red Cross of Constantino, | 
and on the 4:th of May, 1878, he 
received the degrees of the Royal Order 
of Scotland. 

Boud, E. L., clerk. 

Boudewyns, Frank, boiler-maker. i 

Boudewyns, Joseph, collar-maker. 
Boyle, John, traveling salesman. | 

Brackelsburg, C, works in foundry. i 

Brannan, J. H., trader. i 

BRIDGES^, SA1I.€}., Government ; 
contractor ; came to Keokuk in the fall , 
of 1858 ; engaged in the jewelry busi- j 
ness here for a great many years ; from j 
1868 to December, 1873, he was con- 
tractor for furnishing supplies to the 
United States Government in the West ; 
in December, 1873, he received the 
contract from our Government to furnish 
headstones for the deceased Union sol- 
diers ; from that time to November, 

1877, he erected over 256,000 head- 
stones ; he is still engaged in soldiers' 
monumental work. Mr. Bridges is a 
native of Newton, Mass.; in 1853, he 
went to Boston, where he remained un- 
til he came to Keokuk. 

BRIDGE MAN, ARTHUR, 
GEN., Secretary of the Keokuk & 
Des Moines Railroad Co.; born in Hamp- 
shire, Mass., July 6, 1808 ; came to 
Burlington in 1838 ; engaged in mer- 
cantile business there for six years ; then 
removed to Fairfield, Iowa, where he re- 



sided until 18-49 ; during his residence 
in Fairfield, he was for a time Register 
of the General Land Office, and also 
carried on mercantile business while 
there; in 1849, he came to Keokuk, 
and, until 1861, he was engaged in mer- 
chandising here ; since . then, he has 
given his entire attention to railroad 
business ; for several years. General 
Manager and Secretary of the K. & D. 
M. R. R. 

Brinkman, J. W., retired. 

Brown, Andy, Special Deputy U. S. Mar- 
shal. 

Brown, Jeremiah, painter. 

Browne, Gibson, lawyer. 

Brown, William, salesman. 

Brownell, Ed. F., Cashier Keokuk National 
Bank. 

Brownell, William, retired. 

Brunat, Ernst, wood-engraver. 

BUCK, ASAPH, of the firm of 
Kellogg, Birge & Co.. wholesale grocers ; 
born in Switzerland Co., Ind. ; came tc 
Henry Co., Iowa, in the spring of 1846 ; 
lived there fifteen years, and one year 
in Van Buren Co.; in 1862, he came to 
Keokuk ; he has been connected with 
the grocery business ever since ; in 
1865, he became connected with the firm 
he is now associated with, as salesman ; 
in 1872, he was admitted to partnership. 

BUCK, A. G., proprietor of second- 
hand store, and dealer in miscellaneous 
goods. Main between Eighth and Ninth 
streets ; was born in Patriot, Ind., in 
the year 1842 ; in 1848, his parents re- 
moved to Henry Co., this State; thence 
to this county in 1863 ; in 1864, Mr, 
Buck enlisted in Co. C, 45th I. V. I. ; 
was honorably discharged. He married 
Miss Mary Holt, of this city ; they have 
four children— Frank F., " Walter R., 
Nellie and Amy. 

Buck, William C., traveling salesman. 

Buel, Hamden, hardware. 

Burgess, John, Methodist minister. 

BURKE, JAMES E., retired' 
born in Ireland ; came to Ohio in 1836 ; 
in 1843, he removed to Wood Co., W. 
Va. ; lived there until 1849, and, in May, 
1849, he came to Keokuk, having visited 
this place and decided to locate here in 
April of the same year ; in Ohio, he was 
engaged in the contracting business ; the 
first seven years of his residence in Keo- 



KEOKUK CITY. 



687 



kuk, he was engaged in mercantile busi- 
ness ; he afterward engaged in steamboat- 
ing, which he continued for about four 
years ; he afterward returned to mercan- 
tile business, which he continued until 
1865, since which time he has not been 
engaged in active business. 

Burke, John, soda water. 

Burkett & Co., wholesale notions. 

Burnell, Henry, cooper. 

Burnell, Henry, machinist. 

Burns, John. (See Biography on last 
page of Keokuk Ci^y.) 

Burns, Bobert, carpenter. 

Burns, Thomas, retired. 

BUJRT, B. C, U. S. Mail Agent, 
Burlington & Keokuk route, C, B. & 
Q. By. ; Mr. Burt came to Harrison 
Tp., Lee Co., Iowa, Nov. 9, 1842 ; en- 
gag :d in agricultural pursuits until he 
entered the U. S. Army in September, 
1863 ; he was 1st Lieutemant of Co. 
A, 60th U. S. Colored Infantry, and 
had command of the company until he 
was mustered out, Nov. 4, 1865 ; he 
then returned to Harrison Tp., and was 
located at Primrose, until he came to 
Keokuk in 1870; at Primrose, he held 
the offices of Justice of the Peace, Con- 
stable, Postmaster, etc. ; after leaving 
the army, he was appointed Postmaster 
at Primrose, and held that office until 
he came here ; since 1870, he has held 
the position he now fills. 

Bush, George, bootmaker. 

Bush, Jacob, coppersmith. 

Buss, Diedrich, roofer. 

Buss, G. H., roofer. 

Buss, John T., roofer. 

CABUS GEORGE, hair-dressing sa- 
loon, 

Cahalan, John, stone-mason. 

CAHALAX, J. & W., dealers in 
all kinds of family groceries and coun- 
try produce, on the corner of 5th and 
Palean sts., Keokuk, Iowa; established 
in 1868. 

Caldwell, George, porter. 

Calhoun, C. A., carpenter. 

Calkins, Lawrence, clerk. 

CAMP, E. R., druggist, cor. Fifth and 
Palean sts.; was born in Chenango Co., 
N. Y.; in 1850; removed to Charles- 
ton, this county, with his parents in the 
year 1855. Married Miss H. Boberts 
in 1868 ; she was a native of Beverly, 



Ohio ; they have three children — Edgar 
W., Curtis B. and Cora Belle. Mr. C. 
is Republican. His father, S. W. 
Camp, was born in Campstown, Penn., 
June 8, 1824. Married Adelia 0. 
Chase in 1843 ; she was a native of 
Bainbridge, N. Y., born April 28, 
1824 ; they removed to Charleston, this 
county, in 1855, where he engaged in 
the manufacture of wagons, until the 
breaking-out of the war, when he en- 
tered the service and served until his 
death, which occurred in December, 
1861. In early life, he was a firm sup- 
porter of the Whig party ; on the or- 
ganization of the Republican party, he 
joined its ranks and remained a faith- 
ful supporter of the same. 

CAMPBELL, N. C, Principal of 
Keokuk High School. 

CAREY, SAMUEL E_., whole- 
sale and retail dealer in china, glass, 
queensware, silver and plated ware, etc.; 
born in Rochester, N. Y., came to Keo- 
kuk in 1853 ; engaged in present busi- 
ness ever since he came here ; Mr. 
Carey established the first store of this 
character in Iowa ; he has been a mem- 
ber of the School Board seventeen years ; 
Director of the Keokuk National Bank ; 
has held that position since the organi- 
zation of the bank ; he has been connected 
with the Iowa State Insurance Co. for 
over twenty years ; he is now a Director 
and Treasurer of the Company ; he is also 
one of the Directors of the Keokuk 
Loan and Building Association. 

CARPENTER, A. M., M. D., 
PROF., was born in Lincoln Co., Ky., 
Dec. 12, 1835 ; his father, John Car- 
penter, Esq., died when the subject of 
this sketch was 2 years old. Prof 
Carpenter received his education at 
Centre College, Ky. ; he studied medi- 
cine under Wm. Pawling, M. D. ; gradu- 
ated at the University of Louisville, Ky., 
in 1854, and locatedat Keokuk in 1855, 
where he soon acquired a prominent 
position in the profession; in 1865, he 
was appointed to the Chair of Theory 
and Practice of Medicine in the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons at Keokuk, 
which position he still holds. The 
school, in 1865, had an attendance of 
some forty students, but for the last few 
years the classes have averaged over 200. 



688 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



Prof. Carpenter is also a member of the" 
American Medical Association, ex- Vice 
President of the Iowa State Medical 
Society, ex-Secretary of the Keokuk 
Medical Society, ex- President of the 
City Board of Health, and a Medical 
Director of the Iowa Life Insurance Com- 
pany. In 1876, the President of the 
American Medical Association appointed 
Prof. Carpenter Chairman of a com- 
mittee of medical men to organize a State 
Board of Health, and, at one of the 
largest meetings of the society ever held 
in the State, he was elected President 
and still occupies the position. Dr. Car- 
penter is a frequent contributor to the 
medical literature of the country, and 
enjoys the credit of first publishing the 
eifects of the use of carbolic acid in the 
sore throat of scarlet fever ; he possesses 
an intellect quick and incisive as well as 
comprehensive, and a presence and ad- 

' dress forcible and impressive ; in his 
lectures, he finds no necessity for notes, 
but speaks extemporaneously ; in poli- 
tics, a subject in which he takes a deep 
interest, he is a Democrat of the old 
school. 

CARPEIVTER, C. A., dealer in 
teas, coffees and spices, Main st., between 
Second and Third. 

CARPENTER, GEORGE R., 
conductor on C, R. I. & P. R. Ft.; was 
born in Galesburg, 111., June 28, 1853, 
where he remained until 1870, when he 
came to Keokuk, remaining until 1872, 
in which year he went to Springfield, 
111.; thence to Kansas City, Mo., in 
1875; in 1876, to Warsaw, 111., in 
which place he married Miss Adelia 
Brawner March 6, 1877 ; she was born 
April 11, 1854; they removed to this 
city the 6th of March, 1877 ; she died 
June 10, 1878. 

CARPENTER, J. R., lockmaster; 
born in Queens Co., N. Y., in 1849; 
came to Keokuk in 1870 ; appointed to 
present position in 1877. Married Miss 
F. Hamlet in 1873 ; she was born in 
Keokuk in 1853 ; has one child — John 
E.: Mr. C. is a member of the Masonic 
Lodge. In politics. Liberal. 

CARR, T. B., dental surgeon. Main 
St.; was born in this county in 1849. 
Married Miss C. M. Cradick, of Mis- 
souri, in 1873 ; Mr. Carr has been en- 



gaged in the practice of his profession 
since 1871 ; from 1871 until 1875 in 
Missouri, since then in this cit}'. 

Carroll, Michael, stone-mason. 

Carter, E. A., clerk. 

Carter, S., planing -mills. 

Carter, S. C., planing-mills. 

Chamberlain, E.. carriage-maker. 

Chapman, H. G., carpenter. 

Chapman, O., express messenger. 

Charner, H., saloon. 

Charnier, S. B., Jr., butcher. 

Chartier, Eugene, chair-bottomer. 

CHATMAN, CHAR1.es W., 
member of Fire Department, Keokuk ; 
was born in Highland Co., Ohio, in 
1849; came to Keokuk in 1861. In 
1870, he married Miss Eliza Kelly, of 
this city ; they have four children — Le- 
na, Adelia, Harry, Walter and America; 
Mr. Chatman has been connected with 
the fire department over five years ; he 
is the President of the Fire Association. 

CHERRY, J. W., of the firm of 
Cherry & Corwine, furnaces, stoves, tin- 
ware, etc.. No. 158 Main st. ; born in 
Zanesville, Ohio, in 1843; came to 
Keokuk in 1865. Married Miss J. L. 
Winchell in 1863; she was born in 
Zanesville in 1843 ; they have t)wo chil- 
dren — Lutie and Georgia M. Mr. C. 
is a member of the Masonic Lodge. In 
politics he is Liberal. 

Chevillon, Eugene, cabinet-maker. 

Chittenden, A. B., retired. 

Christy, J. P. printer. 

Clappeer, Germain, second-hand store. 

CI. ARK, JAMES, & CO., whole- 
sale dealers in leather and saddlery 
hardware and shoe findings, manufact- 
urers of saddles, horse-collars, etc.; this 
firm is composed of James Clark, of St. 
Louis, a native of New Jersey, who 
came to St. Louis in 1837 ; Newton E. 
Clark, of Westfield, N. J., and James E. 
Clark, of Plainfield. N. J.; the business 
was established here in 1851, by A. P. 
Thomas & Co., Mr. James Clark being 
at that time junior member of the firm ; 
Messrs. Thomas & Clark continued to- 
gether until 1855 ; then the firm was 
changed to Clark & Van Nostrund ; in 
1858, anothpr change was made, and 
the firm became J. & H. H. Clark, 
which continued until the present firm 
was established in 1870. 



KEOKUK CITY. 



689 



Clark, H. H„ druofgist. 

CliARK, MEWTON E., of the 

firm of James Clark & Co., wholesale 
dealers in leather, saddlery hardware 
and shoe findings, and manufacturers of 
saddles, horse-collars, etc.; Mr. Clark 
was born in Westfield, N. J.; came to 
Keokuk in 1856. 
Cl^EAVER, HIRAM T., physi 
cian and surgeon ; office in Estes House 
Block ; the Doctor was born in Center- 
ville, Washington Co., Penn., Feb. 17, 
1822 ; in 1841, he graduated from the 
Friends' Seminary, at New Lisbon, 
Ohio ; he afterward read medicine with 
Dr. Tillinghast Green, of New Lisbon ; 
was located at New Lisbon four years, 
and in August, 1848, he came to Wa- 
pello, Louisa Co., Iowa ; engaged in 
practice there until he came to Keokuk 
in 1862 ; while a resident of Louisa Co., 
he represented his district in the State 
Senate four years, from 1854 to 1858; 
in 1862, he graduated from the Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, at 
Keokuk, and, in 1871, he also graduated 
from the Chicago Medical College ; he 
is a member of the American Medical 
Association, State Medical Society and 
Keokuk Medical Association ; he has 
been President of the State Society. He 
was sent as a delegate to the Conven- 
tion of Physicians and Surgeons lately 
held in Europe, at which nearly all the 
leading nations were represented ; he is 
Vice President of the College of Phy- 
sicians and Surgeons, of Keokuk, and 
has filled the chair of obstetrics in that 
institution since the session of 1862-63. 
•He is now City Treasurer, and has held 
that office for three years. Dr. Cleaver 
has been married three times ; his first 
wife was Anna Hanna, daughter of 
Benj. Hanna, of New Lisbon, Ohio; 
second wife was Lydia Frances Apple- 
ton, daughter of Etherington Appleton, 
of Pittsburgh, Penn.; one daughter 
survived her — Laura Matilda — now the 
wife of H. J. Lander, of Muscatine ; the 
Doctor's third wife was Miss Garrett, 
daughter of Col. Elisha Garrett, of Gar- 
rettsville, Portage Co., Ohio ; they have 
five children — Emma R. (now the wife 
of Dr. A. G. Scroggs, of Muscatine), 
Mary G., Nellie, John and Hiram ; pres- 
ent wife is Clarissa, daughter of Solomon 



Bracken, of Brownsville, Fayette Co., 
Pa. Dr. Cleaver and his wife are mem- 
bers of the Baptist Church. 

CI.EMENS, ORIOX, attorney at 
law, corner of Fifth and Blondeau 
streets ; was born in Gainsborough, Tenn., 
in 1825 ; was editor of the Union iu 
Hannibal, Mo., from 1850 until 1853 ; 
was editor of Muscatine JowruaHn 1853 
and 1854. In 1861, he was appointed 
Secretary of Nevada Territory, which 
position he occupied until 1864. Im- 
mediately after Nevada became a State, 
he was elected Representative to the 
Lower House ; served one term. In 
1866, he went to St. Louis and became 
connected with the St. Louis Democrat 
in 1867. In 1870, he went to Hart- 
ford, Conn., and became editor of a lit- 
erary paper, and afterward a political pa- 
per in 1873 ; edited a Republican daily 
paper at Rutland, Vt. ; came to Keokuk 
in 1874, since which year he has been 
engaged in the practice of law. Mr. 
Clemens married Miss Mary Stotts in 
this city in 1855. 

Clendenin, H. W., Constitution. 

Cobb, J. C., carpenter. 

COCHRAX, WM. J.., attorney atlaw; 
was born in Crawford Co.. Penn. , where 
the village of Cochranton is now located, 
Jan. 28, 1814. In 1843, he located at 
West Point, Lee Co., Iowa, and there 
engaged in the practice of law, having 
been admitted to the bar of Pennsyl- 
vania at Harrisburg in 1841. Mr. 
Cochran served in the Legislature dur- 
ing the time he was a resident of West 
Point, and introduced the bill creating 
Keokuk a half shire town. In Decem- 
ber, 1846, he removed to Keokuk, re- 
sided here until 1851, when he pur- 
chased a farm in Des Moines Tp., this 
county, and resided there until Novem- 
ber, 1866, when he returned to Keokuk, 
where he has resided ever since. Mr. 
Cochran married Elizabeth Chambers, 
May 19, 1844; she was born in Alle- 
gany Co., N. Y. They have two 
children — Johnr P. and Glenn L. 

Cody, James, carpenter. 

Colkitt, G. W., carpenter. 

Collier, Alex., wholesale grocer (C Rob- 
ertson & Co.) 

COLL.IER, WM., of the firm* of 
Craig & CoUier, attorneys ; born in Van 



690 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



Buren Co., Iowa, in February, 1845 ; 
he graduated from Monmouth College, 
in Illinois, Class of 1869 ; read law with 
McCrary, Miller & McCrary, and was 
admitted to the bar in October, 1870, 
since which time he has been engaged 
in the practice of his profession ; since 
Sept. 1, 1872, he has been associated 
with Mr. Craig. Mr. Collier married 
Miss Ella J. boolittle Oct. 29, 1872 ; 
she was born in Ohio ; they have two 
children — Wm. L. and Helen M. 

Collins, Stephen, contractor. 

COLIillVS, W. B., attorney at law ; 
was born in Lexington, Scott Co., Ind.; 
in 1843, his parents removed to this 
county. In ] 861, Mr. Collins entered 
the service ; was promoted to Major of 
the 7th Mo. V. I.; served until June, 
1864; his brother, Joseph A. M. Col- 
lins, was a Sergeant in the 2d I. V. I.; 
was in the signal service at the capture 
€f Fort McAllister, near Savannah, Ga., 
and was a brave soldier. Their father, 
Dr. Milton F. Collins, was the first 
President of the first medical society in 
this city, and one of the oldest medical 
practitioners in Iowa. He was Lieuten- 
ant Colonel of the 60th U. S. I. in the 
late war, and recruited nearly the entire 
regiment himself 

COMMERCIAL BAXK, Main 
street ; R. F. Bower, President ; H. W. 
Rothert, Vice President ; Edmund Jea- 
ger, Cashier. 

Comstock, Gilbert, stoves. 

Conable, A. L., capitalist. 

Conkey, Aaron, retired. 

CONKLFN, O. S., capitalist, Keo- 
kuk ; res. cor. Second and Bank streets ; 
was born in Hamilton Co., Ohio, in 
1815, where he remained until 1835, 
then went to Vicksburg, and there en- 
gaged in mercantile business until 1845, 
when he returned to Ohio ; from there 
to Covington, Ind., thence to Keokuk, 
in 1850 ; remained till 1857, then re- 
moved to St. Clair Co., 111., making it 
his home until 1866, when he returned 
to this city and engaged in the real es- 
tate and building business. He married 
Miss Sarah McFadden in Wayne Co., 
Ind., in 1850 ; she was a native of the 
same county ; was born in the year 
1825 ; they have four children living — 
Jennie (now Mrs. C. L. Howe, of Chi- 



cago), Sally, Ida and Dayton. Mr. 
Conklin acts with the Republican party; 
was formerly a Whig. He has held 
various local ofiices. 

Conn, Henry, carpenter. 

Conn, Thomas, policeman. 

Conroy, Patrick, teamster. 

Cook, Fred, dairyman. 

Cook, John, machinist. 

Cooper, William, tinner. 

Copeland, Hu2;h, carpenter. 

COR WINE, p. H., of the firm of 
Cherry & Corwine, stoves, tinware, etc., 
etc.; was born in Kentucky in 1844 ; 
came to Keokuk in 1855. Married 
Miss Mary Winchell in 1877 ; she was 
born in Zanesville, Ohio, in 1846. Mr. 
C. enlisted in 1864, in Co. C, 45th 
Regt. I. V. I. ; was in the service three 
months, and was mustered out the same 
year. Mr. and Mrs. Corwine are mem- 
bers of the Christian Church ; in poli- 
tics, Mr. C. is Liberal. 

Cox, James W., retired. 

Cox, L. A., plasterer. 

Craig & Collier, attorneys. 

CRAI€}, JOHN H.,born in Wash, 
ington Co., Penn. ; graduated from 
Washington College in 1848 ; after- 
ward spent three years in Natchez, 
Miss. ; engaged in teaching and pursuing 
his studies while in Natchez ; afterward 
read law in Wheeling, Va., and at Wash- 
ington, Penn. ; admitted to the bar in 
the spring of 1856 ; came to Keokuk 
in the spring of 1857 ; engaged in 
practice of law here since May 1, 1857. 
For twelve years, he has been a member 
of the Board of Education; for the last 
three years, he has been President of 
the Board. Mr. Craig has held the 
position of City Attorney several terms ; 
he is now serving in that capacity. 

Creel, Robert P., brickmason. 

Cross, David, farmer. 

Crowell, William, bricklayer. 

Cunningham, Patrick, grocer. 

Curtis, J. C, dry goods. 

,AVIS, PASCHAL, physician. 



D 



Daley, Thomas, stone-mason. 

BAUCj^HERTY, D. C, attorney at 
law and real estate agent ; born in Craw- 
fordsville, Ind. ; came to Keokuk in 
1841 ; engaged in mercantile business 
about fifteen years ; three years in pres- 



KEOKUK CITY. 



691 



<ent business. He served two years as 
Alderman of the Second Ward. Captain 
Daugherty raised Co. D, lOtli Mo. V. I. ; 
nearly all the men were enlisted in Iowa, 
hut as the quota of Iowa was filled, his 
company entered a Missouri regiment ; 
mustered in July 25, 1861 ; served until 
September, 1864 ; the Captain was 
wounded twice, but has never applied 
for a pension. 
DAUG^HERTY, J. F., wholesale 
dealer in liquors and cigars, No. 59, 
Johnson st. ; started present business in 

1859 ; in 1870, D. C Daugherty bought 
an interest in the business, and continued 
•until 1877, when J. F. Daugherty 
bought him out ; Mr. D. has continued 
the business himself since. Mr. Daugh- 
•erty was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, in 
1835 ; in 1841, he came to Keokuk. 
Married Miss D. Ressler in 1874; she 
was born in East St. Louis, in 1844 ; 
they have four children ; Mr. Daugherty 
has four children by former marriages. 
Enlisted in July, 1861 ; was Captain of 
-Co. H, 10th Mo. V. I. ; was in several 
battles; mustered out in 1862. Mr. D. 
was a member of the City Council, and 
Deputy Clerk of the District Cours. 
Democratic. 

DAVIS, C. F., President of the 
Keokuk Savings Bank, and Vice Presi- 
dent of the Iowa Life Insurance Co.; 
Mr. Davis was born in Clarksburg, 
Harrison Co., W. Va.; came from there 
to Keokuk in 1849 ; he has resided 
here ever since, excepting one year, 1851, 
when he was in Montrose, this county ; 
from 1856 to 1860, he was associated 
with Wm. S. McGavic and A. B. 
"Chittenden in mercantile business ; from 

1860 to 1864, he was engaged in pork- 
packing, and for two or three years, he 
owned a half interest in the Imperial 
mills ; for two years, he was engaged in 
the planing-mill business ; Mr. Davis 
has been connected with the Keokuk 
Savings Bank and the Iowa Life Ins. 
Co. since their organization. 

DAVIS, WIL.JLIAM G., dealer in 
dry goods, boots and shoes, groceries, 
glass and queens ware, notions, etc., 
Fulton, between Twelfth and Thirteenth 
streets ; was born in London, Eng., in 
1825; came to this country in 1852; 
lived a short time in Philadelphia, Penn., 



came to this city in 1857 ; in Septem- 
ber, 1861, enlisted in Co. I, 8thKan. V. 
I.; was enrolled as Sargeant ; served 
until November, 1864, when he was 
honorably discharged ; was in every 
battle of his command, the principal 
ones being Chickamauga, Chattanooga, 
and all through to the capture of At- 
lanta. Mr. Davis has been twice mar- 
ried ; first wife was Elizabeth Ann 
Howe ; she died in St. Joseph, Mo.; 
present wife was Mrs. Jane Scott, 
widow of William Scott, who died in 
the service at Stevenson on Sherman's 
march to the sea. Mr. Davis is a Re- 
publican ; member of the M. E. Church ; 
he engaged in present business in this 
city in 1874. 

Day, John H., fruit-dealer. 

Day, John S., retired. 

DEIiAFL. AI]^, J. W., was born at 
Edwardsville, Madison Co., 111., July 8, 
1829 ; with his parents, he moved to 
Adams Co., of the same State ; thence 
to Iowa, crossing the Mississippi River 
on the ice at Fort Madison Jan. 2, 
1840 ; with his parents, he went to a 
point near Fairfield, but returned after an 
absence of about a month to Fort Madi- 
son, and attended school. Judge Robert 
A. Russell being his first teacher ; after 
receiving an education fitting him for 
the ordinary walks of life, he entered 
the employ of R. W. Albright, editor of 
the Fort Madison Courier, afterward 
known as the Lee County Democrat, as 
printer's apprentice; continued on the 
paper until his departure from Fort Mad- 
ison, in the spring of 1848 ; spent sev- 
eral months in St. Louis for pleasure and 
recreation, and came to Keokuk in the 
spring of 1849 ; his first occupation 
here W'\s with Howell & Cowles, pro- 
prietors of the Keokuk Register and 
Des Moines Valley Whig ; was identi- 
fied with the newspaper business in 
various capacities a number of years ; 
In January, 1860, he established the 
Sunbeam, a temperance paper, not for 
pecuniary motives alone, but principally 
with the object of benefiting the com- 
munity through laudable eflbrts in the 
cause of temperance, in which he had 
the support of the Grood Templars ; al- 
though meeting with considerable oppo- 
sition during the exciting times of the 



692 



DIRECTORY On' LEE COUNTY: 



war, the paper existed some twenty 
months ; during the period of three 
years from Jan. 1, 1863, to July 1, 
1866, as partner of Mr. Howell; from 
August, 1860, to August, 1862, he was 
the G. W. Secretary and Treasurer of the 
Grand Lodge of Good Templars of the 
State of Iowa ; in the fall of 1867, Mr. 
D. engaged in the agricultural imple- 
ment business ; continued in it until the 
fall of 1873; during the existence of 
the Board of Trade in the fall and win- 
ter of 1873-74, he was its Secretary ; 
in April, 1876, he was elected City 
Clerk, which position he has since filled. 
Mr. Delaplain married Jane Elizabeth 
Trimble Dec. 27, 1855 ; they have five 
children — Clara T., George W., Joie 
Grant, Minnie B. and Grace Helen. 

De Young, A., gardener. 

Dieling, John, railroad shops. 

Dietz, Edward, teamster. 

Dimond, A. J., shoemaker. 

DIMOXD, JAMES K., of the firm 
J. Dimond & Son, dealers in staple and 
fancy groceries, etc, on Main bet. Eighth 
and Ninth sts. ; Mr. Dimond was born in 
New Albany, Ind. ; removed with his 
parents to this city in 1854. In 1877, 
he married Miss Mary E. Hall; they 
have one child — Trueman Albert, Dur- 
the war, Mr. Dimond entered the serv- 
ice ; was honorably discharged. 

DIMOXD, JAMES, Sr., of the 

firm of James Dimond & Son, dealers 
in staple and fancy groceries, Main St., 
between ' Eighth and Ninth sts., 
Mr. Dimond was born in Ireland 
in 1811; came to the United States in 
1830; lived in Pittsburgh, Penn., until 
1835, when he went to Louisville, Ky., 
thence to New Albany, Ind., where he 
married Miss C. Tetrick ; they removed 
to this city in 1854 ; had six children, 
four of whom are living — James K., 
John W., Ellen and Jennie ; Mr. Di- 
mond's residence is on Des Moines st.,, 
between Sixth and Seventh. 

Dimond, John, shoemaker. 

Dimond, John R., shoemaker. 

Dimond, John W., grocer. 

Dingledine, Jacob, gardener. 

Donahue, James, plasterer. 

Donegan, John, plasterer. 

Donegan, John C, blacksmith. 

Drummond, D. B., Government contractor. 



Dummel, John, feed store. 

Duncan, John A., furniture. 

Durfee, B. F., grocer. 

DRESSEL, CASPER, proprietor 
of " Casper's " wine and beer hall. No. 
10 Fifth St. ; born in Germany iis 
1838 ; came to America in 1849, and 
to Keokuk in 1870 ; started present 
business in 1870. Married Miss F, 
Lauff in 1860; she was born in Ger- 
many in 1840 ; they have four children ; 
the living are Elizabeth and Fred K. ; 
Lotta died in 1878, and an infant, un- 
named. Mr. and Mrs. D. are members 
of the Lutheran Church. Mr. D. is a 
member of the Druids' Society. Lib- 

EAGAN, MICHAEL, cooper. 
Ebersol, Abram, carpenter. 

Eckard, Charles, cigar-maker. 

Edwards, William, attorney. 

Ehinger, George E., homeopathic physi- 
cian. 

Ehrhardt, Leonard, butcher. 

Elgin, Henry C, drayman. 

Elrick, George. 

Elser, Joseph, carpet-weaver. 

Embry, George, carpenter. 

EMERSON, J. H., proprietor of 
photograph and art gallery, corner of 
Fifth and Main streets ; was born in Pat- 
erson. N. J., in 1827 ; when about 
3 years of age, his parents removed ta 
Ohio, where he remained until 1847, 
when he went to St. Louis, where he 
first engaged in the business of photo- 
graphing. He married in Hancock Co., 
111., Miss Mary Christfield, a native of 
Madison, Ind. ; they removed to this 
city in 1854 ; have two children — 
Georgiana and Harry C. Mr. Emerson 
acts with the Democratic party. 

Engelhart, George, blacksmith. 

Engelhart, George, Jr., blacksmith. 

Erb, John, Government detective. 

Essig, John A. and Son, confectioners. 

Evans, A. H. (See Biography on last 
page of Keokuk City.) 

Evans, John E., cooper. 

Evans, Thomas, car-shops. 

Ewers, Robert, baker. 

EWERS, WII^IilAM, proprietor 
of meat market. Fourth street, between 
Main and Johnson ; born in Germany, 
in 1830 ; came to America in 1855 — to 
Keokuk in 1856 ; started in present 



KEOKUK CITY. 



693 



business in 1858. Married Miss Anna 
Pepfer in 1869 ; she was born in Ger- 
many in 1842; tbey have five children 
— Frank, George, PauUne, Wahska and 
Albert. Mr. Ewers has three children 
by a former marriage — Annie, William 
and Amelia. Catholic Church. Repub- 
lican. 
"TpABER, ANTHONY, car-shops. 

Farraher, Mirty, stone-mason. 

Farrar, H. S., wholesale millinery. 

Farnum. Ben, broom-maker. 

FARREIiL, J._ W., wholesale and 
retail dealer in choice wines, liquors and 
cigars, Johnson street, between Third 
and Fourth ; was born in Tioga Co., N. 
Y., in 1832 ; in 1836, moved to Sperry 
Co., Ohio, and to Keokuk in 1852 ; in 
1858, started present business. Married 
Miss Lizzie Howe in 1859 ; she was born 
in County Sligo, Ireland, in 1843 ; they 
have had four children ; the living are 
Alice M. and Maggie; John H. died in 
1864; Clara died in 1866. Mrs. Far- 
rell is a member of the Catholic Church. 
Mr. Farrsll is a Jackson Democrat. 

Farrell, P. W., plasterer. 

Favard, P. J., retired. 

Fieeney, Mark, stone-mason. 

Fegan, Thomas, clerk, 

Ferris, Samuel, painter. 

Fields, Orange, carpenter. 

Finerty, John, Deputy County Recorder. 

Finerty, Patrick, with Constitution. 

Finigan, John, grocer. 

Finley. John, bolt-cutter. 

FliETCHER, G-.9 proprietor of meat 
market on High street, near Concert 
street; was born in Washington Co., 
N. Y. Married Miss Seeley, a native 
of the same State ; they removed to this 
city in 1858 ; have five children living. 

Fletcher, Thomas, butcher. 

FliiOOD, A. J., dealer in dry goods, 
notions and millinery; born in Haver- 
straw, N. Y. ; came to Keokuk in 1855 ; 
engaged in present business since 1872. 
He was previously employed as a clerk 
in this place and St. Louis. For one 
year, he was engaged in clerking for B. 
L. Hardon, of St. Louis. 

Flood, Thomas, farmer. 

Ford, Daniel, contractor. 

FORD, T., railway contractor ; resi- 
dence on Morgan between Ei^ihth and 



Ninth streets. Mr. -Ford was born 
in Ross Co., Ohio, in 1840 ; in 1853, 
removed with parents to New York, 
thence to Virginia in 1856 ; at the 
breaking out of the war, he enlisted 
in Co. A, 10th Key West, Va., Union 
Inf. ; entered the services as Orderly 
Sergeant ; was promoted 2d Lieutenant.; 
served until the close of the war ; was 
honorably discharged. In 1870, he mar- 
ried Miss U. G. Benner, of Hancock 
Co., 111. ; came to Keokuk in 1871 ; 
have one child living — Jessie May, born 
in this city, Keokuk. Mr. Ford acts 
with Republican party. 

Fowler, H. E., engineer. 

Fowler, John R., limekiln. 

Frank, John H., painter. 

Eraser, Hugh, tailor. 

Eraser, John, Tailor. 

Eraser, T. S., clerk. 

Fritch, William, restaurant. 

Fry, John C, with Gate City. 

Fry, Robert C, book-keeper. 

Fuerst, J. S., collar-maker. 

Fuller, Constantine, saloon. 

FULil^ER, E. E., M. D., druggist; 
came to Keokuk in 1856 ; engaged in 
present business ever since he came here. 
The Doctor is a graduate of the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons of Keokuk ; 
he discontinued practice in 1867. He 
is a native of Medford, Mass. ; moved to 
Hamilton Co., Ohio, in 1835 ; lived 
there until he came to Keokuk. 

Fuller, George S., druggist. 



FUI.TON, HARRY 



residence 



I corner of Seventh and Exchange sts. ; was 
born in Watertown, Jefierson Co., N. 
j Y., in 1829 ; came to this county in 
I 1842 ; was engaged in the grocery trade 
j in this city ten years ; also in the whole- 
\ sale clolhing business ten years. In 
1861, was appointed U. S. Marshal, 
which position he filled until 1871 ; he 
was also appointed and served as Deputy 
Provost Marshal during the war. In the 
early history of the county, he was 
Deputy Sheriff" two years; was also 
Coroner one term, and has filled various 
local offices. He married in this city 
Miss M. E. Patterson ; have one child 
— Ida C. Mr. Fulton, in early life, 
acted with the Whig party, and was the 
nominee of said party for Representative ; 
on the decline of the Whig party he 



694 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



joined the ranks of the Republican, and 
has since been identified with it. 
Fulton, Harry, farmer. 

FULTON, WIIililAlI, insurance 
and real estate agent ; office over Commer- 
cial Bank, Main st., between Third and 
Fourth sts. ; Mr. Fulton was born near 
West Newton, Westmoreland Co., Penn., 
June 4, 1829. In 1854, he graduated 
from Washington College, Penn. ; from 
1854 to 1856, he was engaged in teach- 
ing in the State of Louisiana ; came to 
Keokuk April 30, 1857 ; read law here, 
and was engaged in practice until 1863 ; 
since which time he has been engaged 
in present business. He is Secretary of 
the Library Association. June 20, 
1865, he married Elizabeth Dalzell, a 
native of Pittsburgh, Penn. ; they have 
had five children ; lost one ; the living 
are Nannie P., Robert E., James 
McQueen and Mary E. Mr. and Mrs. 
Fulton are members of the Westmin- 
ster Presbyterian Church; Mr. Fulton 
is Secretary, and also one of the Deacons, 
of that society. 

r^ A*BRIEL, H. stock-dealer. 

\Or Galloway, G., tailor. 

G-ames, John M., sleeping car. 

Gam pert, Wm., sewing-machine agent. 

Garrity, Peter, stone-cutter. 

Garthoff, W., machinist. 

GASTOX, S. M., dental surgeon. 
Main street ; was born in Guernsey Co., 
Ohio, in 1849. During the war, served 
in an Ohio regiment ; was honorably 
discharged at the close of the war. He 
came to this city in 1878. 

Geiger, Augustus, tinner. 

Geiser, Frederick, molder. 

Geser, Joseph, laborer. 

Gennhardt, Adam, stave-maker. 

Gibbons, John, attorney. 

Gibbons, Patrick, retired. 

Giffen, Isaac, cooper. 

Gillam, 0. M., teamster. 

Gillespy, H. C, fisherman. 

Gillmore, Geo. F., carpenter. 

OIL.L.MORE, R. H., was born in 
Newark, Ohio ; for sevei'al years he was 
engaged in newspaper editorial work in 
Ohio ; in 1856, he was admitted to the 
bar, and, in 1858, came to Keokuk ; he i 
has been engaged in practice here ever 
since; from 1863 to 1866, he was Assist- ' 
ant U. S. District Attorney. , 



OILLMORE & ANDERSON, 

attorneys ; firm established in 1867. 

Given, John, R. R. C, R. T. & P. 

Goins, Elisha, plasterer. 

Good, J. W., carpenter. 

CI^ORG^AS, J. F., of the firm of J. 
F. Daugherty & Co., dealers in groceries, 
fruits, etc., on Johnson, between Second 
and Third streets ; was born in West- 
moreland Co., Penn., in 1854 ; in 1857, 
his parents came to this county ; he has 
been engaged in business in this city 
since 1877. Politically, Mr. G. is a 
Democrat. 

Gorman, Daniel, saloon. 

Graham, E. W., traveling salesman. 

Graham, Thomas B., farmer. 

Gray, Patrick, teamster. 

Gray, W. S., carpenter. 

Gray, Wm.', carpenter. 

Gregg, M., dry goods. 

Greminger, F., confectioner. 

Greene, J. H., grain merchant. 

Green, Thomas J., marble-cutter. 

Greenwald, M., gardener. 

Grice, John, machinist. 

Griffen, Malachi, engineer. 

Griffey, J. C., harness-maker. 

Griffey, John T., carpenter. 

GRIFFIN, A. L., Vice President 
and General Superintendent of the St. 
Louis, Keokuk & Northwestern Rail- 
way Company ; Mr. Griffin commenced 
railroading twenty-four years ago, and 
has been engaged in the business twenty 
years of the time which has elapsed 
since ; he was with the Delaware & . 
Lackawanna R. R. Co., in Pennsyl- 
vania for twelve years ; five years Super- 
intendent or the M. I. & N. Ry. Co.; 
two years with the road he now repre- 
sents ; came to Keokuk Aug. 1, 1876 ; 
Mr. G. was was born in Albany, N.-Y.; 
resided at Warsaw, 111., several years 
previous to his removal to Keokuk. 

Griffith, P. J., stone-mason. 

Griggs, F. v., carpenter. 

Grinnell, Spencer, steamboat clerk. 

Gruner, A., butcher. 

Guessford, John, painter. 

CJ-UNN, F. R., livery, feed and sale 
stable ; present location Johnson st., 
between First and Second ; was born in 
Erie Co., N. Y., 1822 ; came to Keokuk 
in 1857, and has since been engaged in 
the livery business. Married Miss L. 



KEOKUK CITY. 



695 



Gray in 1865 ; she was born in Mis- 
souri in 1841 ; has three children — 
Fanny, Frederick and Carver. The 
family are members.of the Presbyterian 
Church. Mr. Gunn manufactures a 
superior article of eye-water, which is 
recommended by a great many promi- 
nent citizens who have had occasion to 
use it. 

Guttman, Joseph, cigar-maker. 

"TTACKETT, CHARLES, carpenter. 

Hagerman, B. F., capitalist. 
Hagerman, James, attorney. 
HAIN, C. H., Station Cashier of K., 
D. & M. R.R. ; born in Reading, Penn.^ 
in 1855; came to Keokuk in 1877. 
Member of Masonic Lodge. In poli- 
tics, Liberal. 
Hagney, Adam, real estate agent. 
Hagerman, William, tailor. 
Haines, Josiah, physician. 
HALE, OSCAR CUTLER, 
Cashier of the State National Bank of 
Keokuk, was born in Wells River, Vt., 
July 26, 1816, and is the sou of Charles 
Hale and Mary Ann Hale, nee Reed, 
the former of English, and the latter 
of Scotch Presbyterian stock ; at an 
early age, he entered Kimball Union 
Academy, at Meriden, N. H.,but, hav- 
ing a strong desire to engage in mercan- 
cantile pursuits, he left at the age of 16 
years and engaged as a clerk ; he occu- 
pied this position for six years, when he 
formed a partnership and engaged in 
the manufacture of iron and steel goods, 
under the firm name of Holt and Hale. 
In 1840, he was elected Cashier of the 
Bank of Newbury, and, although but 
24 years of age, accepted, and served 
for seventeen years. In 1844, he 
was appointed Aide-de-camp to Gov. 
Mattocks, of Vermont, with the rank 
of Colonel, and served during his term. 
In 1858, he removed to Keokuk, Iowa, 
and organized the banking-house of Rix, 
Hale & Co. ; at the end of four years, 
he became Cashier of the Keokuk branch 
of the State Bank of Iowa, and, when 
this bank was converted into the State 
National Bank, in 1865, he was elected 
Cashier and still holds the position ; he 
is also Director in various other corpora- 
tions, besides being sole manager of the 
business of Rix, Hale & Co., employing 



a large capital in lands, stocks, loans 
and other investments ; as a sagacious 
banker and business man he has few 
superiors in the West. Col. Hale 
was married on the 26th of June, 1844, 
to Miss Susan I). Rix, of Royalton, Vt. 
Hamill, D. B., wholesale grocer (S. E. & 

Co.) 
Hamill, Smith, wholesale grocer. 
Hamilton, John, retired. 
Hammond, Benjamin, in egg store. 
Hanson, A. P., brickmaker. 
Hanson, Andrew, gas-fitter. 
Haps, Anton, retired. 
Haps, George, teamster. 
Ilardesty, G. W., brickmason. 
HARblX, ANDREW J., City 
Marshal ; born near Macomb, Mc- 
Donough Co., 111., Feb. 10, 1844; came 
to Keokuk with his parents in 1851. 
Enlisted in August, 1861, in Co. C, 3d 
I. V. C. ; served three years ; he was 
in all the battles participated in during 
that period. Mr. Hardin was engaged 
in blacksmithing and wagon-making un- 
til 1871, when he was appoinred on the 
police force; he was appointed soon 
after Deputy Marshal, and served in 
that capacity until he was elected Mar- 
shal in 1875; he has also been Chief 
Engineer of the Fire Department. 
Hardin, Enos, proprietor Hardin House. 
Hardom, Victor, retired. 
Harmon, Leroy, teamster. 
Harmon, William, teamster. 
HASSALL, GJEORGE, photo- 
graphic artist, corner Main and Third 
streets. 
Hassal, Robert, retired clergyman. 
Hasselton, D. J., carpenter. 
Haskins, W. H., painter. 
Heffleman, Henry, farmer. 
Heinmann, John, tailor. 
Heiser, Rudolph, druggist. 
Heller, Frank, feed srore. 
Helwig, John, shoemaker. 
Henderson, H. T., brick machine. 
Henderson, J. G., pumpmaker. 
Hendricks, Hector, second-hand store. 
Hennemann, Charles, saloon. 
HERBENER, J., saloon-keeper, 
between Eighth and Ninth streets ; born 
in Germany in 1851 ; came to America 
in 1869; to Keokuk in 1873; started 
present business in 1878. Married 
Miss Kate Schneider ; she was born in 



696 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



Keokuk in 1854. They have two chil- 
dren — Edward and John. Members of 
the Druids society ; members of the 
CathoHc Church. Mr. H. is a "red- 
hot " Democrat. 

Hickey, James, mason. 

HW^tiUXS, (^EORG^E T., Sheriff 
of Lee County ; was born in Ohio Co., 
W. Ya., in 1822; came to Keokuk in 
1843; was elected Sheriff in 1875. 
He married Elizabeth Fanning in 1847 ; 
she was born in Canada ; they have 
five children living — Margai'et E., J. 
E., Rose, John and G-eorge. Previous 
to his election to the office of Shei'iff, ' 
Mr. H. was Chief Engineer of the Fire 
Department in this city a number of 
years ; was also engaged in the grocery 
trade several years. Mr. H. is a Dem- 
ocrat. 

Hilden, Greorge, gunsmith. 

Hill & Miller^ livery. 

Hill, George, painter. 

Hill, James, grocer. 

HXLIilS, D. B., physician and sur- 
geon ; born in Jefferson Co., Ind., July 
24, 1825 ; he received a literary educa- 
tion at the South Hanover College in 
Indiana; in 1847 and 1872 he gradu- 
ated from the St. Louis Medical College ; 
commenced practice in 1847, at Rock- 
ford, Ind.; remained there nine years, 
then removed to Brownstowu, in the 
same State, where he practiced two 
years, and, in 1858, came to Bloomfield, 
Iowa, and lived there until he came to 
Keokuk, in 1860. 

Hilpert, Christ., cooper. 

miiPERT, F., proprietor of cooper- 
shop, Concert street, between Eleventh 
and Twelfth ; was born in Germany in 
1836; came to Keokuk in 1856; he 
started in present business in 1858, on 
a small scale ; now has the largest 
cooper business in Keokuk ; employs 
ten hands, and has two branch shops. 
He married Miss M. Bogart in 1858; 
she was born in G-erniany in 1834 ; 
they have three children — Chris., Jennie 
and Kate. Mr. Hilpert landed in Keo- 
kuk with $1 in his pocket ; he did not 
do as the average self-made man — build 
a fortune from it, but spent it the first 
night; he now has a fine business, a 
good home and plenty of this world's 
goods. Democratic. 



HILTOX, GEORGE O., proprie- 
tor of Mississippi Valley Nursery ; res- 
idence and nursery on Des Moines ave- 
nue ; Mr. Hilton was born in Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, in 1828; in 1853, he 
engaged in the nursery and fruit-grow- 
ing business with Charles Hubbell ; the 
partnership was dissolved on Mr. Hub- 
bell's departure for California ; the busi- 
ness is now carried on by Mr. Hilton 
quite extensively. Mr. Hilton married 
Miss Mary E. Luce, in Oberlin, Ohio ; 
she was born Bufl^ilo, N. Y.; the}^ have 
five children — George F., Frank E., 
Robert A., Libbie M. and Birdie. Mr. 
Hilton and fimily are members of the 
Baptist Church ; Republican. 

Hine, Adam, retired. 

Hine, Bellamy, clerk. 

Hiner, John, butcher. 

Hines, Martin, section boss. 

Hirst, James, cai'penter. 

Hixon, James, carpenter. 

HOBBIS, JOHX W., broker and 
loan agent ; office, Main street, corner 
Fourth ; born in Mt. Yernon, Knox Co., 
Ohio ; came to Nauvoo, 111., in 1858 ; 
lived there until 1860, then moved to 
Fort xMadison, Iowa ; resided there 
three years and then went to Carthage, 
Hancock Co., 111.; he was in the County 
Clerk's office for a short time; after- 
ward connected with the Hancock 
County National Bank ; came to Keo- 
kuk Feb. 1, 1869, and was connected 
with the banking-house of Bower, Bai*- 
clay & Co. until the organization of the 
Commercial Bank, when he was elected 
Cashier of that institution, and con- 
tinued with it until he resigned his po- 
sition Feb. 1, 1876, to go South and 
attend to a Government contract which 
had been awarded to him ; since 1877, 
he has been engaged in his present busi- 
ness. 

Hodge, H. C, Jr., grocer. 

Holdorf, Martin, coppersmith. 

Holt, Thomas, well-digger. 

Horn, William, tinner. 

Horning, John, rag-dealer. 

HORNINH, JOSEPH K., attor- 
ney at law ; born in Westmoreland Co., 
Penn.; came to Keokuk in October, 1850; 
since 1853, he has been prominently 
identified with the organization and 
construction of the railroads of this vi- 



KEOKUK CITY. 



697 



cinity ; he has also taken an active in- 
terest in politics ; was a War Democrat; 
has been a candidate for Congress in 
this district, running far ahi ad of his 
ticket at the time. 

Hoskins, John, plasterer. 

HOJ^MER, ARTHUR, lumber- 
dealer, and President of the State 
National Bank ; born in Niagara Co., 
N. Y.; came to Keokuk in 1857 ; he 
was one of the original Directors of the 
Keokuk branch of the State Bank ; at 
the time of the re-organization and 
change to a National Bank, he was also 
elected a Director, and has been con- 
nected with the institution ever since ; 
he has been extensively engaged in the 
lumber business most of the time since 
1862; his son Arthur, Jr., is associated 
"with him in this business, and their 
trade is very large, amounting to from 
five to six million feet per annum ; 
their shipments now are principally to 
Kansas. 

HOWELL. & CLARK, propria 
tors of the Gate City. 

Howell, H. Scott, attorney. 

Howell, J. B., Gate City. 

Howne, David, carpenter. 

Hubenthal, Charles, butcher. 

HLGHES, JOSEPH C, M. D., 

was born in Washington Co., Penn., 
April 1, 1821 ; the Doctor is a graduate 
of Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, Penn., 
and received from that institution the 
degree of A. M.; read medicine with 
J. F. Perkins, M. D., of Baltimore, 
Md.; graduated in medicine from the 
University of Maryland in 1845 ; in 
the spring of 18-45, after graduating, he 
located at Mt. Vernon, Knox Co., Iowa ; 
remained there five years, engaged in 
the practice of his profession ; during 
this period, he devoted much of his 
time to the study of anatomy and sur- 
gery, and the preparation of anatomical 
and surgical appliances ; in the fall of 
1850, he accepted an invitation to the 
demonstratorship of anatomy in the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, at 
Keokuk, Iowa, then the medical depart- 
ment of the Iowa State University ; in 
the winter of 1851, he was elected to 
fill the chair of anatomy, which he 
occupied two years ; in 1852, he was 
elected Dean of the Faculty, and in the 



spring of 1853, he was elected to the 
chair of surgery, which position, with 
that of Dean of the Institute, he has 
held ever since ; to Dr. Hughes belongs 
the honor of having built up one of the 
most flourishing institutions in the 
West; the College building, with its 
valuable museum and appliances for 
teaching, is owned by him ; he has op- 
erated by the bilateral method for stone 
in the bladder fifty-three times, with 
but five dealhs ; in one case he per- 
formed the operation successfully four 
times, the only case of the kind on 
record ; the Doctor was a Delegate to 
the Medical Congress which met in Phil- 
adelphia in 1876 ; Hughes' Medical and 
Surgical Infirmary and Eye and Ear 
Institute, connected with the College, is 
an enterprise of his own, and under his 
exclusive control. Gov. Kirkwood ap- 
pointed him Surgeon General of the 
State at the outbreak of the rebellion, 
which position he held until the close of 
the war ; he was also President of the 
Board of Medical Examiners during the 
war ; he organized and had professional 
charge of the army hospitals at Keokuk 
for several months ; these hospitals were 
among the largest in the West, having 
as many as 2,000 patients within the 
wards at one time. In 1866, the Doctor 
was elected one of the Vice Presidents 
of the American Medical Association, 
also a Delegate of the Association as its 
representative to the British Association 
for the Promotion of Science, the Pro- 
vincial Medical Association of Great 
Britain, the American Medical Society 
of Paris, and such other Scientific bod- 
ies in Europe as may afl&liate with said 
Association, and, accompanied by his 
wife, daughter and eldest son, spent the 
summer of that year in an extended trip 
on the continent of Europe ; he has 
, been twice President of the Iowa State 
Medical Society. He married at Mt. 
Vernon, Ohio, in 1848, Miss Amanda 
T. McGugin, only child of D. L. Mc- 
Gugin, M. D., a physician of Mt. Ver- 
non, who was a Surgeon in the Mexican 
war, also Surgeon in the late rebellion, 
and for fifteen years a professor in the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
Keokuk; he died in 1865, aged 58 
years. Dr. Hughes is one of the lead- 



698 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



ing surgeon of the West, and enjoys as 
large and lucrative practice ; he has a 
family of four children, three sons and 
one daughter. His eldest son, Joseph 
C., Jr., fills the chair of anatomy in the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, at 
Keokuk ; after his election to that 
professorship in the spring of 1876, he 
revisited Europe and attended the Uni- 
versity at Edinburgh, Scotland, better 
qualifying himself for the important 
position to which he had been elected. 

Huiskamp, Gr. L., boots and shoes. 

Huiskamp, H. C, boots and shoes. 

Hunter, Enoch, janitor. 

Hunter, John, clerk. 

Hunter, Robinson, carpenter. 

Hunziker, G., vineyard. 

Hurlbut, E. C., drayman. 

HURT, C H., Assistant Treasurer and 
Auditor of the St. Louis, Keokuk & 
Northwestern Railway Co ; Mr. Hurt 
was born in Barry, Pike Co., 111. ; lived 
there until April, 1861, when he en- 
listed in the first company which was 
organized in that county ; April 25, 
1861, he was mustered into the U. S. 
service in Co. G, 8th 111. V. I. ; Mr. H. 
participated in all the battles his regi- 
ment was engaged in, and was the last 
volunteer of his company to be mustered 
out, in May, 1866. After leaving the 
army, he returned to his native county 
and was engaged there in agricultural 
pursuits for three years ; in 1869, he 
went to Hannibal, Mo., and was engaged 
in coal and real estate business in that 
city until he came to Keokuk in. Sep- 
tember, 1874 ; since coming here he 
has been connected with the Company 
he now represents. 

Huston, L. W., postal clerk. 

Huston, R. W., postal clerk. 

TNGERSOL, E. M., dairyman. 

IMMEGART, JOHW H., dealer 
in groceries and produce, Main st., be- 
tween Seventh and Eighth ; Mr. Imme- 
gart was born in Hanover, Germany, 
in the year 1824; came to this country 
in 1839; he resided in Newport, Ky., 
seven years ; removed to Cincinnati, 
Ohio, in 1846 ; thence to Evansville, 
Ind., where he remained until 1857, 
when he came to this city. Mr. I. has 
been twice married ; his first wife was 



Miss Susan S. Eisberg, of Cincinnati^ 
Ohio, married in 1846 ; his present wife 
was Miss Mary E. Sangford ; they were 
married in 1870 ; she was born in Han- 
cock Co.. 111., in 1845 ; Mr. Imniegart's 
family are Cornelius (born in 1852, 
married Amanda Cox, of Hancock Co., 
111., in 1870), Susie S. (born in 1854, 
married 0. Phillips, of this city, in 
1875), William F. (born in 1856, 
married Miss Bertha Byers, of Frank- 
lin, Iowa, in 1876), John S. (born in 
1858), George W. (born in 1862). Mr. 
I. is a Democrat. He has been engaged 
in the grocery trade in this city since 
1861. 

IVIXS, W. S., proprietor of the 
Keokuk Omnibus and City Livery- 
Stable, office, Third St., between Main 
and Johnson ; born in Burlington Co., 
N. J., in 1824; came to Keokuk in 
1841; kept "The Boat Store" from 
1846 until 1848 ; in 1850, he became 
proprietor of the " Ivins House " and 
engaged in the hotel business until 
1853, when he went to California ; re- 
turned to Keokuk in 1855, and engaged 
in the real estate business until 1 857 ; 
in 1858, he started his present business 
and has since continued it with good 
success. In 1849, he married Miss V. 
W. Wilcox ; she was born in Warsaw, 
111., in 1832; they have three children — 
Eva N. (now Mrs. R. Jones), Elizabeth, 
William S. Mrs. Ivins is a member ot 
the Episcopal Church ; Liberal. 

IngersoU, L. C, dentist. 

Inman, Maurice, carpenter. 

IRWIX, STEPHEN, of the firm 
of Irwin, Philips & Co., wholesole an^d 
retail dealers in dry goods and notions, 
corner Main and Third streets, ; Mr. 
Irwin was born in Butler Co., Ohio ; 
came to this county in April, 1856. 

JACKSON, W. E., teamster. 
Jacobs, J. H., grocer. 

JAMES, S. li.,^ Clerk of Circuit and 
District Courts of Lee Co.; was born 
in Washington Co., Penn., in 1840 ; re- 
moved to this county with his parents, 
in 1857. Was elected Clerk in the fall 
of 1878; previously was Deputy Re- 
corder two years. Mr. James acts with 
the Republican party. 

Jamieson, W. W., Superintendent City 
Schools. 



KEOKUK CITY. 



69^ 



JEAGER, EDMUND, Cashier of | 
the Commercial Bank ; was born in 
Germanj'^; came to the United States, \ 
and located at La\¥renceburg, Ind., in 
July, 1853 ; attended the Indiana State 
University, at Bloomington, and gradu- 
ated from the Law Department of that 
institution, in 1857 ; came to Keokuk 
the same year ; was engaged in the 
practice of law here until he was elected 
County Judge, in the fall of 1865 ; he i 
was re-elected to that position and | 
served until the office was abolished ; 
then served as Auditor until the expi- 
ration of the term for which he was I 
elected Judge ; afterward, elected Au- i 
ditor, and served until he engaged in the 
banking business, Jan. 1 , 1 872 ; was ' 
Vice President of the Commercial 
Bank until Jan. 31, 1876, when he be- 
came Cashier. Mr. Jeager served two 
terms as Mayor of Keokuk, one term 
as Alderman, Vice President of the 
Board of Education, etc. 

JEJTKIXS, G. F., M. D., physi- 
cian and surgeon ; office, corner of 
Fifth and Main streets ; residence, cor- 
ner of Seventh and High streets ; he 
was born in Clark Co., Mo., in 1842 ; 
received a medical education at Leland 
Medical College, San Francisco, and 
Missouri Medical College ; graduated 
from the latter, in the spring of 1867, ■ 
since which time he has been engaged 
in active practice in his profession. He 
is a member of the National, State and 
Keokuk Medical Associations. In 
1870, Dr. Jenkens was united in mar- 
riage to Miss Lottie Vanwagenen, a 
native of Fulton, N. Y.; have three 
children — Marcia L., Florence Gr. and 
Greorge B. 

JENNIlfGS, HEXRY D,, book- 
binder and blank book manufacturer. 
Main street, between Fifth and Sixth 
streets ; was born in Adrian, Mich., in 
1843; lived there until 1852; he then 
went to Wayne Co., N. Y., and resided 
there for six years ; then returned to 
Adrian, where he learned the business 
which he now follows. Previous to the 
war of the rebellion, he was for three 
years a member of the Adrian Guards ; 
when the war broke out, he raised Co. 
D, 2d Mich. V. I.; entered the service j 
April 25, 1861 ; when the company i 



was organized, he was elected its Cap- 
tain, but being only about 18 years of 
age, he declined the honor and went out 
as Orderly Sergeant ; he served three 
years ; was mustered out April 25, 
1864; he was in the following battles: 
First Bull Run, July 21, 1861 ; Will- 
iamsburg, May 5, 1862 ; Fair Oaks, 
May 31, 1862; Malvern Hills, July 1, 
1862 ; second Bull Run, Aug. 29, 1862 ; 
Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862 ; Chan- 
cellorsvilie. May 2, 1863, and Gettys- 
burg, July 2, 1863, besides other minor 
engagements ; he served eighteen months 
in the 2d Mich. V. I. and eighteen 
months in Co. K, 3d Mich. Artillery. 
After leaving the army, Mr. Jenning& 
worked three years in the Government 
book bindery, in Washington, D. C.; itt 
1867, he returned to Adrian, remained 
there six months, then went to Fort 
Wayne, [nd.; after two years' residence 
there, he came to Chicago, where he 
spent a few months, then located in Ra- 
cine, Wis., where he lived two years ; 
from Racine, he went to Milwaukee,. 
and remained four years ; he was fore- 
man of the Milwaukee Sentinel bindery; 
afterward, was engaged in business at 
Kenosha, Wis., three years ; came to 
Keokuk, in January, 1878 ; since learn- 
ing his trade, he has worked at present 
business all the time, except during the 
period that he was in the army. 

JEWELIi, BEXJAMIX B., of 
the firm of S. Pollock & Co., wholesale 
grocers ; born in Madison, Jefierson Co.,. 
Ind., July 10, 1839; came to Keokuk 
in November, 1855; was employed as a 
clerk two years ; engaged in keeping 
books for eight years. In January, 
1865, he was admitted to partnership in 
the firm of S. Pollock & Co. 

JOHXSOX, T. W., DR., office and 
residence, corner Fifth and Hyer streets. 

Johnson, A. M., farmer. 

Johnson, C. A., farmer. 

Johnson, Gust., carpenter. 

Johnson, Robert, teamster. 

Johnson, S. H., lawyer. 

JOHNSTONE, EDWARD; 

this distinguished citizen of Keokuk 
was born in Westmoreland Co., Penn., 
July 4, 1815, where he received an ed- 
ucation that fitted him for the study of 
law, which he practiced in Greensburg, 



700 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



that county ; at the age of 22, he was ad- 
mitted to the bar, and " started West to 
grow up with the country ; " he first 
settled at Mineral Point, Wis., where he 
remained until the fall of that year, 
when he went to Burlington and served 
as clerk in the Territorial Legislature ; 
during that session he was appointed one 
of three commissioners to collect testi- 
mony relating to the titles to the half- 
breed lands ; the discharge of this duty 
called him to settle at Montrose, in the 
spring of 1838, where he remained until 
January, 1839, then removed to Fort 
Madison, after the law was repealed, un- 
der which he was appointed. Mr. John- 
stone and Gen. H. T. Reid were em- 
ployed by the St. Louis Land Company, 
who had been speculating in half-breed 
titles, to institute proceedings to secure 
a division of the lands under the parti- 
tion laws of the Territory, which resulted 
in the Decree Title, under which the ti- 
tles to the lands are now held ; in 1839, 
Mr. Johnstone was elected to the Legis- 
lature, and was chosen to preside over 
the deliberations of the House, and, in 
1840, was elected to the Council. When 
James K. Polk succeeded to the Presi- 
dency, was appointed United States At- 
torney for the Judicial District of Iowa ; 
in 1851, when the Board of County 
Commissioners was abolished, he was 
■elected to be County Judge of Lee Co., 
and made the most efficient guardian of 
the interests of the taxpayers to whom 
the management of the public affairs of 
the county were ever intrusted. He was 
elected to the Constitutional Convention 
on the ticket with Col. Wm. Patterson, 
and took a prominent part in the delib- 
eretions of that body ; in 1868, he re- 
moved to Keokuk to become Cashier of 
the Keokuk Savings Bank, a position 
which he is still filling to the satisfac- 
tion of the patrons of that bank. In all 
the relations of life, public or private. 
Judge Johnstone has but few, if any, 
superiors ; he is a public-spirited, enter- 
prising citizen, and one whose honesty 
and fidelity to public and private trusts 
is unimpeachable ; he is an excellent 
scholar, a close reader and deep thinker ; 
is eminently qualified by nature and 
education to be a leader in the affairs of 
State and nation. Judse Johnstone mar- 



ried in April, 1849, in St. Louis Co., 
Mo., Miss Ehzabeth V. Richards-, has 
had fovir children. 

Johnston, J. E., grocer. 

Johnston, J. E., Cashier Wabash Railway 

Jones, Ed. H., clothing. 

Jones, Frank, hats and caps. 

Jones, Jacob, carpenter. 

Jones, Jonathan, tax-title dealer. 

Jones, Wm. H., barber. 

Joplin, L. A. 

KALTWASSER, WILLIAM, ma- 
chinist. 

KARLE, JOHX, firm of Karle & 
Schulz, wholesale and retail dealers in 
furniture, No. 139 Main street ; born in 
Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1830 ; in 
1851, he came to America, and to Keo- 
kuk in 1858 ; started present business in 
connection with Mr. Schulz in 1859 ; 
they started on a small scale, but, by in- 
dustry and good management, have now 
the largest establishment of the kind in 
Keokuk. In 1853, Mr. K. married Miss 
S. Schulz ; she was born in Wurtem- 
berg. Germany, in 1832 ; they have four 
children — Annie, Mary, Ida and John. 
Members of the Evangelical Church. 
Mr. Karle is a member of the Knights 
of Honor. Republican. 

Kearney, M. D., blacksmith. 

Keeny, Ora, grocer. 

Kellogs;, C. A., retired. 

KELIiOG^G, BIROjE & CO., 

wholesale grocers ; the original firm was 
established in 1856, and was composed of 
C. A. Kellogg and C P. Birge. Wm. E. 
Kellogg came to Keokuk in 1865, and 
in the same year became a partner in 
this house, then the firm name was 
changed to Kellogg, Birge & Co.; in 
1867, C. A. Kellogg retired from the 
firm ; the business, was conducted by the 
remaining members until 1872, when 
Asaph Buck and George C. Farmer 
were admitted to partnership. Their 
sales are principally in Iowa and North- 
ern Missouri, amounting to about $300,- 
000 per annum. 

KELLOGCj^, wm. E., of the firm 
of Kellogg, Birge & Co., wholesale 
grocers ; born in Jamestown, N, Y.; re- 
sided in Louisiana and Ohio several 
years; came to Keokuk in 1865 ; en- 
gaged in present business ever since. 

Kelliher, Martin, shoemaker. 



KEOKUK CITY. 



701 



JKEMPER, H., MRS., proprietress 
of cigar manufactory, corner Third and 
Johnson streets; H. Kemper (deceased) 
was born in Germany in 1838. Married 
Miss Barbara Laferet in 1867 ; she was 
born in Germany in 1848 ; they have 
seven children — Hermann, William, 
Mary, Annie, Barbara, Antoine and 
John. Mr. Kemper died in 1878. He 
was a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and 
a Republican. 

Kennedy, Daniel, teamster. 

Kenniston, Isaac, painter. 

Keppel, C, grocer. 

Keppel, Frank, glue-factory. 

Kessler, Geo., dairyman. 

Kiedasch, J. F., drugs. 

Kiefer, Frank, saloon. 

Kilbourne, Geo. E., retired. 

KIXG, MARVIN R., attorney at 
law; born near Plattville, Grant Co., 
Wis., Feb. 15, 1847 ; while he was 
quite young, his parents removed with 
their family to Nauvoo, 111.; lived there 
about two years ; then came to Hamil- 
ton, 111.; came to Keokuk in 1865 ; Mr. 
King isa graduate of the Keokuk High 
School, and, in 1871, he graduated from 
the Iowa State University at Iowa City ; 
he was admitted to the bar in 1874, and 
has been engaged in practice here ever 
since. He holds the positions of Assist- 
ant Prosecuting Attorney and U. S. 
Commissioner ; he was appointed to the 
latter position in 1875. Dee. 27, 1877, 
Mr. King married Miss Lettie Stewart ; 
she was born in Columbus, Ohio ; they 
have an infant daughter, born Feb. 26, 
1879. 

KISSICK, J. B., proprietor of the 
Opera House saloon, 'in the rear of the 
Post Office ; was in born Londonderry Co., 
Ireland, in 1822 ; came to America in 
1842; to Keokuk in 1867; started 
present business in 1876. In 1859, 
married Miss M. A. Lewis, at St. Louis ; 
she was born in Dublin, Ireland ; they 
have one child — ^^Mami L., born in 1862. 
Mr. K. held the office of Justice of the 
Peace five years ; Liberal Bepublican. 

Kinnaman, H. A., telegraph operator. 

Kiser, Oscar, pork merchant. 

Klein, Samuel, dealer in hides. 

Knowles, F., Dr., retired physician. 
Kraft, Jacob, eating-house. 

Kramer, H., gardener. 



Kramer, H. C, farmer. 

Kruger, Henry, teamster. 

y AFEBER, HENRY, carpenter. 

Lafeber, Derk, carpenter. 

Lafeber, William, carpenter. 

Lagerpuch, L., blacksmith. 

Lambert, T. L., farmer. 

liANDER, H. C., keeper of city 
prison ; born in Pickaway Co., Ohio, 
in 1832 : came to Keokuk in 1851 ; 
engaged in the bakery business until 
1854; then went on the survey of the 
Keokuk & Des Moines Ry. ; continued 
in that business a short time, and went 
in the Post Office under Col. Wm. 
Patterson, remained there until 1856; 
from 1856 to 1860, he was foreman of 
Patterson & Timberman's slaughtering- 
house; in 1860, Mr. Lander met with 
an accident in the mill of Paul & Hy- 
att, which laid him up for one year; 
from 1861 until 1862, he was wharf- 
master ; then went into the army as 
sutler of the 25th Mo. V. I. ; came 
back in 1866, and started a restaurant ; 
kept it until 1870; then was elected 
keeper of city prison ; has held the 
position since, except one year, when he 
served as Justice of the Peace. Mar- 
ried Miss Mary L. Rogers in 1854, of 
Clinton, Ohio ; Mrs. Lander is the 
daughter of J. M. Rogers, a well-known 
old settler, who came here in 1846 
(now living in Warren Co., this State); 
they have one child — Wm. H., born in 
1855. Mr. L. is President of the 
Young America Fire Department, also, 
one of the charter members of the Free- 
for-all Church; belongs to the choir; 
Mrs. L. is a member of the M. E. 
Church. Mr. Lander is a Republican. 

LARSON, JOHN, proprietor of 
boarding-house and saloon, Johnson 
street, between Second and Third ; born 
in Sweden in 1845 ; came to Keokuk 
in 1869 ; started present business in 
1870. Married Sophia Johnson in 
1871 ; she was born in Sweden in 1846. 
They have three children — Annie, Ellen 
and John. Mr. Larson is a member of 
the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge. Liberal. 

Lee, James A., grocer. 

L.EECH, E. J., Deputy Clerk of the 
United States Courts; came to Fort 
Madison in 1850. He served nearly a 



702 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



year as Deputy County Recorder, and 
from August, 1852, to 1854; when he 
came to Keokuk, he served as Deputy 
Clerk of the District Court ; afterward 
he held the position of Clerk of the 
District Court. Mr. Leech was Secre- 
tary of the School Board at Fort Madi- 
son. The large school building at that 
place was built while he was connected 
with the Board. In August, 18(jl, he 
enlisted in the 3d T. V. C. : served 
about one year as First Lieutenant of 
Co. C ; engaged in the practice of law 
in Keokuk, from the latter part of 1864 
to 1867. From 1867 to 1871, he held 
the position of Deputy Clerk of the 
District and Circuit Courts. He has 
held his present position since 1871. 
For six years, he was Secretary of the 
Keokuk Loan and Building Association ; 
on account of pressure of official busi- 
ness, he was compelled to decline re- 
election at the late meeting of the Asso- 
ciation in March, 1879. 

Leezer, John, cigar store. 

Leffler, Joseph, foundry. 

Leigh ton, William, capitalist. 

Leindecker, John, foreman stove works. 

Leindecker, Mat., machinist. 

Leisy, John, brewer. 

Leopold. A. v., harness. 

Lewis, T. J., farmer. 

Libby, E. P., photographer. 

Liddle, William. 

LIHIBERG^, COXRAD, residence 
corner Tenth and High sts.; was born in 
Saxony, Germany, in the year 1824 ; 
came to this country in 1853 ; at the 
breaking-out of the war of the re- 
bellion, he enlisted in Co. D, 1st I. V. 
I.; was honorably discharged. He 
married Miss Kate M. Hild, in this 
city, in 1857 ; have six children living 
— George T., Dora, Emma, Amelia, 
Katie Rosa and Lizzie Nellie. Mr. 
Limberg and family are members of 
the Lutheran Church. 

Lindenfelt, Henry. 

Lindstorm, Charles, carpenter. 

I.INEBAUOH, IlEXRY W., 
of the firm of H. W. Linebaugh & Son, 
watchmakers and jewelers. Main St., 
between Fourth and Fifth sts. ; Mr. 
Linebaugh was born in Prince William 
Co., Va., Feb. 15, 1811 ; in the same 
year, his parents removed with their fam- 



ily to Russellville, Logan Co., Ky. ; Mr, 
L. lived there until he came to Keokuk 
in 1845 ; he established the first jewelry 
store in Keokuk ; he has continued in 
the same business ever since he came 
here. His first wife was Eliza McLar- 
ing; she died two years after marriage, 
leaving one son, James Henry, who is 
now associated with his father in busi- 
ness. Mr. Linebaugh's present wife 
was Virginia McLaring, a native of 
Macoupin Co., 111. ; they have one son, 
Frank W., a youth of five years. 

LiOFTUS, R., saloon-keeper, corner 
Fourth and Johnson ; born in Ireland 
in 1827 ; came to Keokuk in 1856; 
started present business in 1864. Mar- 
ried Miss Jane Loughery in 1874 ; she 
was born in Ireland in 1840 ; they have 
one child, Martin, born in Keokuk in 
1875. Mr. Loftus has five children by 
a former marriaire — Frank, Rosa, Will- 
iam, George, Mary — members of the 
Catholic Church. Mr. Loftus is a 
Greenbacker. 

Linquist, L. F., furniture. 

List, Philip, blacksmith. 

Lizer, Michael, gardener. 

Loftus, Roger, saloon. 

Lohmer, William, stove mounter. 

Lomax, P. T., attorney. 

Lorenz, F. 

Love, J. M., Judge U. S. Dist. Court. 

Lowenstein, William, wagon-maker. 

Lowry, D. G., news depot. 

Lowrie, H. M., agricultural store. 

Lowry, Robert. 

Lucas, Samuel, car shops. 

l^UCAS, W. K., agent for C, R. L 
& P. R. R. ; was born in Williams- 
port, Warren Co., Ind., in 1842; in 
1868, came to Keokuk and has since 
been engaged in railroading ; enlisted in 
1862, in Co. E, 54th Ind. Inft.; was 
at the battle of Vicksburg and several 
others ; was mustered out in 1863. 
Married Miss Sarah Shoutz in 1872;. 
she was born in Butler Co., Penn., in 
1841. Mr. L. is a member of the 
Knights of Honor ; Mrs. L. is a mem- 
ber of the M. E. Church. 

I.YXCH, JAMES, Justice of the 
Peace ; born in Prince Edward Co.^ 
Va., Oct. 18, 1812; his parents re- 
moved with their family to Scott Co., 
Ind., when he was about 10 years of 



KEOKUK CITY. 



703 



age ; lie lived there until he came here, 
in December, 1849; in 1852, he was 
elected Street Supervisor ; in 1853, he 
was elected City Marslial,''re-elected and 
served two terms ; afterward served as 
Deputy Marshal, Policeman and Con- 
stable; in 1861, he enlisted in Co. C, 
3d I. V. C. ; served until the close of the 
war: after leaving the army, he returned 
to Keokuk, and was appointed Govern- 
ment Distillery Storekeeper, which posi- 
tion he held for two years ; then was 
appointed member of the police force ; 
continued to serve as policeman until 
he was elected Justice of the Peace in 
1876, re-elected in 1878, also elected 
County Coroner in 1878 ; he now holds 
iDOth positions. He married Susan Ar- 
dray Dec. 27, 1838 ; she was born in 
Scott Co., Ind. They have six children 
living — Maria A. (now Mrs. C. W. 
Taylor), Morgan A., Matilda J. (now 
Mrs. Andrew Smith), Charles Edward. 
Frank T. and Harry. 
Xiynch, Robert, carpenter, 

cCARTHY, JOHN, engineer. 



M' 



McCRARY, A. J. AXD GEO. 
W., HA€^ERMAW, JAMES 
AND FRANK, attorneys at law ; 
practice in all State and Federal Courts ; 
special attention given to collections, cor- 
poration business and municij)al bonds. 

McCrary, Geo. W., Secretary of War. 

McClarnen, J., silversmith. 

JIcCIiUEY, J. E. ; blacksmith-shop, 
corner of Fourteenth and Main sts. ; 
Mr. McCluey was born in this city in 
1853, and has resided here since, with 
the exception of six years ; he com- 
menced blacksmithing in 1866 ; he gives 
special attention to horseshoeing; re- 
pairing neatly and promptly done. 

McCormick, George, clerk. 

JIcCOY, J. S., Deputy Sheriff Lee 
Co. ; was born in Wayne Co., Ohio, in 
1838; removed to this county, with his 
parents, in the year 1848. Married 
Miss M. J. Fisher, of Washington Co., 
N. Y., in 1869 ; have three children — 
William P., Effie and J. F. 

McCUTCHEN, J. F., contractor 
and builder ; residence corner Twelfth 
and Seymour sts. ; was born in W. Vir- 
ginia in 1816 ; came to Keokuk in 1843. 
In 1845, married Miss Elizabeth Pore, 



a native of Westmoreland Co., Penn. ; 
born in 1822 ; they have four children 
— Virginia (now Mrs. M. Remley), 
Uriah, who married Miss Mary Wisen- 
borne, of Nauvoo, 111. ; Franldin and 
Milton. Mr. McCutchen is a Repub- 
lican; himself and wife are members of 
the M. E. Church. He has been engaged 
in contracting and building since his 
coming here in 1843 ; he put up the 
second brick building in this city. 

McDermot, Michael, teamster. 

McDonald, John, stone-cutter. 

McDonald, Michael, plasterer. 

McDonald, 0. P., physician. 

McElroy, William, carpenter. 

McEvitt, John, tailor. 

McGavic, E. J., lumber. 

McGavic, W. J., lumber. 

McC.}IL,L.IS, JOHN, member of 
Fire Department, Keokuk ; was born in 
Portage Co., Ohio, in 1857 ; came 
to Keokuk in 1870 ; has been connected 
with the Keokuk Fire Department five 
years ; was Foreman of Fire Company 
in the old Volunteer Fire Department ; 
is now a member of the paid Fire De- 
partment Association. 
McKenzie, N., watchman. 

McKeon, Patrick, stone-mason. 

lIcIiELL.EN, H. K., Superintend- 
ent of Verandah livery stable, Nos. 221 
and 223 Johnson st.; was born in 
Lincoln Co., Maine, in 1838 ; in 1850, 
with his father, moved to Carthage, 111., 
and from that time until 1878, has 
traveled quite extensively, visiting and 
remaining a short time in Indiana, 
Illinois, California, Missouri, Montana, 
Utah, Arizona ; in 1861, enlisted in Co. 
D, 16th 111. V. I. ; was in several engage- 
ments ; mustered out in 1862 ; re-en- 
listed in the 12th I. V. C, Co. G ; was 
mustered out the latter part of 1862. 
Republican. 

McManus, Patrick, contractor. 

McNamara, James, contractor. 

McNamara, J. B., cracker bakery. 

McNAMARA, M_.,_ MRS., dealer 
in groceries and provisions, notions, etc., 
cor. of Tenth and Main streets ; her 
maiden name was Stafford ; her hus- 
band was Michael McNamara, who 
came to this county about the year 
1857, and engaged in the grocery bus- 
iness, which he continued until his 



704 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



death, July 19, 1876 ; their children 
are Thomas M., Mary E., Adda F., 
Joseph M., Margaret A., John and 
Arthur. 

McNAlIARA P., contractor, also 
dealer in stone-cement, etc., and pro- 
prietor of a flour and feed store, corner 
Fourth and Exchange streets ; Mr. Mc- 
Namara was born in Ireland. He mar- 
ried, in his native country, Miss C. 
O'Brien ; they emigrated to this country 
in 1849 ; lived in Boston, Mass., a short 
time ; moved thence to New Hamp- 
shire ; thence to Sandusky, Ohio ; 
thence to New Albany, Ind., from 
which place he removed to this county 
in 1857. They have five children — 
James W., Mary, Kate, George and 
Maggie. Mr. McNamara acts with the 
Democratic party. 

McQuade, James, carpenter. 

Maas, John, dairyman. 

Maginnis, Henry. 

Main, John, stone-mason. 

Mann, George D., music teacher. 

Mark, John, butcher. 

MARSHAI^I., SAMUEI. 
T A Y Li O JR , attorney at law ; 
was born near Hamilton, Butler 
Co., Ohio ; educated in Maimi Univer- 
sity, at Oxford, from which he gradu- 
ated in 1840 ; he studied law a few 
months in Cincinnati ; went from there 
to LaFayette, Ind., and continued his 
studies in the office of Pettit & Orth, 
leading lawyers of that State ; he joined 
the Patriot Expedition to Canada, was 
captured, and suffered much in prison 
from July, 1841, until February, 1842 ; 
he holds a commission as Lieutenant 
Colonel received in that service; in De- 
cember, 1842, he came to Fort Madison, 
and the county seat being located at West 
Point, he began the practice of law 
there in February, 1843 ; in 1846, Mr. 
Marshall came to this city ; has prac- 
ticed and resided here ever since, with 
good success. Mr. Marshall married 
on the 26th of February, 1846, to Miss 
Louisa Patterson, daughter of Col. Wm. 
Patterson, of this city, and has had a 
family of ten children, six now living. 

Martin, B. F., plasterer. 

Martin, James, grocer. 

Martin, Robert, teamster. 

Martin, W. G., teamster. 



Martin, W. G., teamster. 

Martin, W. H., carpenter. 

IIASON, J. K., dealer in groceries, 
produce, notions, etc.. Fifth st., corner of 
B and Commercial ; was born in Adair 
Co., Mo., in 1840; in 1843, his parents 
removed to Illinois, in which State Mr. 
Mason's boyhood was spent. In Au- 
gust, 1862, he enlisted in Co. A, 19th 
Regiment, I. V. I. ; served until June 
22, 1865, when he was honorably dis- 
charged ; he was in a number of bat- 
tles, the principal, siege of Vicksburg, 
Springfield, Mo., Yazoo City, Morganza 
Bend, Mobile, Black WaterBay, White 
Ranche, and Spanish Fort. He mar- 
ried Rachel L. Markley, Alexandria, Mo.;, 
in 1866 ; she was born in Arkansas in 
l853 ; have one child — Nellie. Politi- 
cally, Mr. M. has always acted with 
the Republiian party. 

Matheney, J. W., stove-founder. 

MATHEJfEY, A. N., boots and 
shoes. Main av., between Ninth and: 
Tenth ; born in Ohio in 1835 ; came 
to Keokuk in 1852. Married Miss 
Abby J. Gove in 1858 ; she was born in 
Massachusetts in 1832 ; has five children 
— John, Mary, Lizzie, Lucretia and Min- 
nie. Mr. M.is a member of the I.O.O.F., 
Knights of Honor and Temple of 
Honor ; members of the M. E. Church ;. 
Republican. 

Matthias, Leonard, boots and shoes. 

MAXWEM., J. DAVID, & 
CO., general fire, life, accident and 
marine insurance agents ; Mr. Maxwell 
was born in Alexandria, Mo., Aug. 13, 
1850 ; he spent several years in St. 
Louis, Texas, New Orleans and San 
Francisco : came to Keokuk in 1877 ; 
engaged in present business ever since 
he came here. He married Miss Laura 
Wyman, of Keokuk ; she is associated 
with her husband in the insurance bus- 
iness. 

Maxwell, John, real estate and loan agent. 

Mayhew, Ben., farmer. 

Mayhew, J. W., teamster. 

Mayhew, William, policeman. 

MEDES, W. J,, attorney at law and 
County Superintendent of Schools ; born 
in Cincinnati, 0., Nov. 30, 1850 ; came 
to Keokuk in April, 1857. Mr. Medes 
is a graduate of the Iowa State Univer- 
sity, at Iowa City, Class of 1872 ; he 



KEOKUK CITY. 



705 



was admitted to the bar in March, 1876 ; 
in 1875; he was elected Count}- Superin- 
tendent of Schools, and re-elected in 
1877 ; he is editor of the Central School 
Journal, a paper devoted to educational 
interests, and of such merit that it has 
acquired a circulation of over 5,000 
copies. Mr. Medes married Kate F. 
Hagny Nov. 29, 1877 ; they have one 
son — Hugh Lloyd. 

MENZ, JOHN, proprietor of Eagle 
House, corner First and Johnson sts. ; 
born in Prussia in 1830 ; came to 
America in 1853 ; to Keokuk in 1876. 
Married Miss C. Steiner in 1856. She 
was born in Switzerland in 1836 ; they 
have six children — Louisa, Emeline, 
Milda, Ella, Ida, Kobert. Mr. Menz is 
Secretary of the Knights of Honor. 
Liberal. 

Mechelsou, C. 

Mirkle, Christian, farmer. 

Merriam, B. S., City Assessor. 

Merritt, Isaac Porter. 

Metcalf, Ed. W., pilot. 

Meyers, Louis, shoemaker. 

Michaelis, Otto, barber. 

MILLJER, DAXIEJL F., attorney 
at law ; was born near Cumberland, Md., 
Oct. 4, 1814 ; his parents emigrated 
to Wayne Co., 0., when he was about 
2 years old ; he was sent to school 
from his 6th until his 12th year, then, 
until his 15th year, worked on a farm 
and in a printing office ; in his 16th 
year he went to Pittsburgh, Penn. ; there 
commenced the study of law, and was 
admitted to practice at the Pittsburgh 
bar in the spring of 1839 ; in April, 
1839, he came to Ft. Madison, engaged 
in the practice of his profession, and has 
been in active practice since, except on 
one occasion when he was called to the 
excitements of political life; in 1840, 
he was elected a member of the Iowa 
House of Representatives; in 1848, he 
was elected on the Whig ticket Repre-, 
sentative in Congress from Iowa, but 
did not get the certificate of election on 
account of a fraud perpetrated on one of 
the ballot-boxes in a western county ; he 
went before Congress and exposed the 
fraud, and his opponent was unseated, 
a new election ordered, and at the new 
election he was elected by a majority of 
about 800, in a district opposed to him 



politically by almost a thousand majority. 
His hatred of slavery united him with 
the Antislavery movement which grew 
out of the Kansas-Nebraska territorial 
organization, and in 1856 he was chosen 
Presidential Elector at Large for Iowa 
on the Republican ticket ; in the spring 
election of 1873, he was elected Mayor 
of the city ot Keokuk by the citizens, 
irrespective of party. These facts give 
but a faint outline of the public life of 
Mr. Miller ; they indicate his popularity 
with the people and his positions of re- 
sponsibility and trust, but they afford 
little clue to his active and valuable serv- 
ices in the Legislature and in the 
Courts ; he was one of the foremost in 
council and one of the most eloquent in 
debate ; he was the tall Iowa chief, on 
whose face rested the light of intelli- 
gence, and in whose heart glowed the 
fire of friendship. Mr. Miller married 
in 1841, Miss Rebecca S. Phillips; tea 
children have been the result of the 
union. 

MIL1.ER, DANIEL F., JR., 
attorney at law ; born in Ft. Madison, 
Iowa, May 27, 1851; came to Keokuk 
in 1859 ; admitted to the bar June 27, 
1872 ; he is associated with his father, 
Hon. Daniel E. Miller, in practice of 
his profession. Mr. Miller married Miss 
Lillie A. Archer Feb. 27, 1878 ; they 
have one son, Daniel F., Jr., born Feb. 
16, 1879. 

Miller, H. R., Sec. and Supt. Gas Light 
& Coke Co. 

Miller, Jacob, foundry works. 

MILiliER, P. H., dealer in groceries 
and provisions, corner of Sixteenth and 
Johnson streets ; was born in Germany, 
in 1834 ; came to this country in 1853 ; 
lived in New Jersey until 1856, then 
came to Burlington, Iowa ; thence to- 
Warsaw, 111., in 1860; remained until. 
1864, when he removed to this city. He 
married Miss Georgiana Keel, in Ft. 
Madison ; born in this county in 1841 ;. 
they have five children — Annie M. 
Emma 0., Flora H., Nellie C, and 
John E. Members of the Presbyterian 
Church ; he is Republican. 

Miller, Valentine, tailor. 

MIEIiER, W. H., proprietor of the 
Keokuk Mercantile College, Estes 
House Block ; born in Auburn, N. Y.; 



•06 



DIREOTOKV OF LF.E (X^UNTY 



came to Keokxik in 186(5 ; enti-agod in 
present business ever siuee ho oame 
here. 

Mills, S. M.. real estate agent. 

JMirrielees, .lames, & Co., grocers. 

Mitchell, William, teamster. 

Montagne, G. T., clerk. 

Mooar, 1)., attorney. 

Moody, J., stock-feeder. 

Moore. Timothy, watchman. 

JtlOOKFi, W. S., manutacturer and 
wholesale dealer in tinware ; Mr. Moore 
was born in New York City in Novem- 
ber, 1815; came to St. Louis with his 
parents in January, 1810; lived there 
xmtil 1832, then went to Spriugtield, 
111., and made that his home until 18-45, 
then returned to 8t. Louis; Mr. Mooro 
ran the tirst two locomotives which were 
brotight to Illinois; he was engaged tor 
tifteen years in steamboatiug ; he was 
also engaged in tin manufacturing, pre- 
vious to the great tire in St. Louis about 
thirty years ago; came to Keokuk in 
1855; eng-aged in present business ever 
since. Mr. Moore makes and sells more 
tinware than all the other dealers of 
Keokuk combined. Last year he sold 
over 08,000 fruit cans. 

MOKKI$i»OX. W. H., attorney at 
law and real estate agent ; Mr. Morrison 
was born in Clermont Co., Ohio, in 18-10 ; 
read law in the office of R. W. Clark, 
a leading member of the biu- in that 
county ; was admitted to the Clermont 
•Co. bar, in 18(.U; came to this county 
in 1865. Married Miss E. F. Leopold, 
•of this city, Nov. 6, 1876. Mr. Mor- 
rison practices in the State and Federal 
' Courts; special attention given to prac- 
tice in Probate Courts and settlement of 
estates, also to collections in real estate 
and notarial business. 

3Iuller, J. L., saloon. 

Mullen, P. J., teamster. 

Mumm, Edward, attorney. 

Murphy, ^Martin, drayman. 

Murphy, Patriok, teamster. 

Myers, Henry, grocer. 

Myers, James A., engineer. 

Mvcrs, Theopholis, carriaiie-tactory. 

nCTAERLEY, JOHN.^ butcher. 

IVARKLKY, W. G., of the firm of 

Narrley ife Walsmith, proprietors of moat 
market No. 614 Main street; born in 



Pike Co., Ohio, in 18-to; came to Keo- 
kuk in 1852. Started in present busi- 
ness in 1867. In politics Mr. Narrley 
is liberal. 

Nienau, Jamt>s, farmer. 

Neft; A. 

Nelson, James, stove-founder. 

Nelson, John, teamster. 

Nelson, N. P., painter. 

Nelson, William, carpenter. 

Neuer, V., gardener. 

Neyeus, elohn, teamster. 

Neyeus, Joseph, teamster. 

Nichols, William 11., carpenter. 

XOI>LF.K. T., MRS., dealer in sta- 
ple and fancy groceries. Main, between 
Fourth and Fifth streets, Keokuk, Iowa ; 
Mrs. Nodler's maiden name was Theresa 
Whealen. Married in this city in 1857, 
J . B. Nodler, now deceased ; he was 
born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Deo. 25, 18o4 ; 
came to Keokuk in 1856 ; engaged 
in the grocery business in 1857, which 
he continued until his death, on the 25th 
of August, 1873 ; thevhad five children 
—Edward S., Charhi N., Albert M., 
John J., Ijouis J. Mrs. Nodler is a 
thorough and reliable business woman, 
and, during her residence in this city, 
has merited and received the confidence 
and repect of the community at large ; 
she is doing an average btisiness of $70,- 
000 a year. Her store is well stocked 
with everything usually kept in a first- 
class grocery store. 

Nolkemper, Frank, blacksmith. 

Nombalais, Euii'one, tailor. 

/^BERTOP, C, toys. 

O'Brien, Ed. C, teamster. 

O'Brien, l*atrick, euiiineer. 

O'CONNOR, F; 11., DR., physician 
and druggist, 122 Main street, between 
Second and Third streets ; the Doctor 
was born in Ireland ; came to this coun- 
try and located at Ft. Wayne, lud., in 
18-17 ; remained there until he came to 
Keokuk, in 1852; immediately atYer 
his arrival here, he established the busi- 
ness he is now engaged in, and engaged 
in office practice of his profession, which 
he has continued ever since ; his is the 
oldest established drug house in Keokuk. 
He manufactures many standard prepa- 
rations which should find their way into 
every family; his " Excelsior Hair 



KEOKUK CITY. 



707 



Tonic " is without doubt one of the most 
excellent preparations now in use ; his 
sales of this vahiable article extend to 
nearly every part of this country ; he 
has many letters from Washington, 1). 
C, New York, Philadelphia and other 
■cities, which testify to the value of the 
preparation. His Hair Restorative, Con- 
dition J*owders, etc., are very highly 
recommended by those who have used 
t\iem, in various parts of the United 
States ; they have been before the public 
for many years, and are fast surpassinf^- 
the worthless pre})arations with which 
the country has been so lonj;' afflicted. 
O'I>0Bf N K L L, THOiU AN, whole- 
sale and retail li(|Uor dealer, l*'ourth st., 
between Main and Johnson ; was born 
in County Tipperary, Ireland, in ISiU ; 
came to America in 1851, and to Keo- 
kuk in 18515 ; en<;aged in the liquor and 
grocery business in 18G0 ; and is now 
-doing an exclusive liquor business. 
Married Miss Ellen O'Donncll in 1853; 
she was born in County Tipperary, 
Ireland; died in Keokuk May 1(),18()3; 
has three children — Kate, Maggie and 
Thomas. Present wife's maiden name 
was Mary Davarii ; married her in 18(54; 
she was born in Galloway in 18o9 ; they 
have four children — William, Manna, 
Michael and John. Members of the 
Catholic Church. Mr. O'Donnell is at 
present Councilman ; Democratic. 
OCirlH^iN, It. l{.,book and job printer; 
born in jjecisburg, Loudoun Co., Va., 
Feb. 5, 1825 ; came with his parents to 
Urbana, Ohio, in 1832; in 1838, he 
went to Cincinnati, there he entered the 
office of the Cincirmati Gazette and 
learntid the printer's trade ; remained 
there! about five years, then wont to 
Springfield, Ohio, where he remained 
until he came to Keokuk in 1840 ; pub- 
lished the Keokuk Gazette from 1847 
to 1841), when he was appointed Assist- 
ant Postmaster ; in 1850, he established 
the first book and stationery store in 
Keokuk ; carried on that business until 
1805 ; since then he has been in the 
book and job printing business. Mr. 
Ogden's wife was Miss ]<]lizabeth M. 
Miller, daughter of Rev. ilcuben Miller, 
of Springfield, Ohio ; they have four 
children — Charles W., Robert M., Helen 
ia. and Mary M. 



Ollli^JC, A., proprietor of Gate City 
Beer Hall, No. ()2() Main St.; born in 
llhein Pfalz, Germany, in 1848 ; cami! 
to America in 18(58 ; to Keokuk in 
1874, and has since been engaged in 
the saloon business. Married Miss Mary 
Mycir in 18(59 ; she was born in Rhein 
Pfalz, also, in 1848; they have two 
children — Annie and Amanda. Mr. 
Older is a member of the Druids' Soci- 
ety and of the Saengers' Association. 

Oldenburg, William, engineer. 

Ott, John, drayman. 

Owen, Sanmel, teamster. 

PADGIOTT, THOMAS, dry goods. 
Pattersoti, David, teamster. 
PAUROTT, JAMKS C, wus 

born in Talbott Co., Md., May 21, 
1811, where he was educated ; in 1831 , 
he went to Wheeling, W. Va., and re- 
mained tlune until February, 1834, 
when he joined the 1st Regiment of U. 
S. Dragoons ; during the spring and 
sununer of that year, the regiment made 
a campaign among the Indians in the 
Rocky Mountain countr}!, and, in Sep- 
tember, came to Fort Des Moines (now 
Mt)ntrose), where it remained until the; 
spring of 1837, when it was ordcn-cd to 
Fort Leavenworth, Kan. ; Mr. Parrott's 
term of enlistment expired in February, 
1837, since when he has remained a 
citizen of Lee Co. Sept. 4, 1838, he 
married Miss Henrietta Buckhalter, a 
native of Philadelphia, Penn., then 18 
years of age ; live children — three sons 
and two daughters — were born of this 
union. When the war of the rebellion 
came on, Mr. Parrott took an active 
part in raising volunteers, which he I'ol- 
lowed to the field ; by reference to army 
appointments, between March 13, 18(55, 
and July 28, 186(), the following ap- 
pears on record: "Lieut. Col. James 
C. Parrott, of the 7th I. V. I., for gal- 
lant and meritorious service at the bat- 
tles of Belmont (Mo.), Forts Henry, 
Donelson, and Shiloh (Tenn.), Corinth 
and luka (Miss.), in the Atlanta cam- 
paign, the march to the sea, and through 
the Carolinas, and for faithful servii-es 
through the war to date from March 
13, 18(55." T. J., the eldest son of 
Col. Parrott, was a member of the 2d 
I. V. I., and for two years rendered 
efficient service in the Signal Service 

2 



708 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COIUNTY 



Department ; in April, 1867, Col. Par- 
rott was appointod Postniastor at Keo- 
kuk, a poi?itiou which he tilled with 
credit to himself, honor to the Govern- 
meut, and satisfaction to the citizens, 
until March -i, 1870 ; in those twelve 
years not a single act of negligence of 
duty to the Department or to the pub- 
lic stands charged against Col. Parrott, 
who has spent the better part of the 
years of his life in the service of his 
country. 

Parsons, (.icorge E., insurance auent. 

Paul, J. B., lumber ^Tabor c»c Co.\ 

PATTEKSON, J. C, of the tirm 
of W. A. \' J. C. Patterson, proprietors 
of the Patterson Hduse ; Mr. Patterson 
was born in Adair Co., Ky. ; came to 
West Point, Lee Co., Iowa, in 1837. 
His father. Col. Wui. Patterson, is 
among the early settlers of this county. 
In 1846, they came to Keokuk. The 
Patterson Bros, have been conducting 
the Patterson house since 1809. W. 
A. Patterson Avas born in Adair Co., 
Ky. ; came to West Poiut, Lee Co., 
Iowa, in 1837; came to Keokuk in 
1846 ; he and his brother, J. C. Pat- 
tei"son, are proprietors of the Patterson 
House, which is the leading hotel of 
this section of the State. 

V A T T E K SOX, W 1 LI. 1 AJl , 
COIi., Keokuk ; was born iu AVythe 
Co., A'a., March 9, 1802 ; when he was 
4 years of age, his father moved to 
Adair Co., Ky., where William received 
his education. In 1822, he married 
Miss Eleanor Johnson, a native of 
Maryland. In 1829, they removed to 
Marion Co., Mo. ; thence to Sang-amon 
Co., 111. in 1833 ; in 1837, removed to 
West Point, this county, where he re- 
sided until 1846, then removed to this 
city (^Keokiik") and engaged in mer- 
chandise and pork-packing; iu 1848, 
he went exclusively into the latter bus- 
iness, to which he still devotes his cap- 
ital and experience. Col. Patterson has 
taken an active part in public affairs ; 
he was elected a member of the first 
Legislature of the Territory of Iowa in 
1838 ; while in that body, lie was in- 
fluential in settling the disturbance con- 
cerning the boundary-line between this 
portion of Iowa and Missouri; at that 
time, the Missourians of Clark Co. 



claimed the point of Iowa lying below ;» 
direct extension of the northern bound- 
ary line of their State to the Missis- 
sippi Biver ; the people of this section 
resisted their claim, and determined 
that the boundary line should follow 
the Des JMoines Biver to its mouth • 
the contest between them waxed warm ; 
war seemed imminent ; the militia on 
both sides were called out, and gi'neral 
orders given to march to the scene of 
itetion ; at this juncture, Col. Patterson 
was comuiissioned Colonel of militia by 
Gov. Lucas, of Iowa, and authorized to 
raise a regiment, which he at once 
proceeded to do ; Col. Patterson was 
several times elected to the Legislature, 
both to the upper and lower House, 
and served in all, during nine sessions, 
regular and special ; he was a member 
of the Constitutional Convention which 
convened in Iowa City iu 1857 ; he has- 
been three times elected Mayor of Keo- 
kiik, and Avas Postmaster seversvl years. 
He was the first Elder of the old Pres- 
byterian Church elected in Iowa, hav- 
ing been chosen for that office in 1837; 
he was one of the chief movers, and 
most liberal donors to the erection of 
the AVestmiuster Churi'h in this city. 

1»KAKCE, INAA€ X.. blank-book 
manufacturer and bookbinder (^estab- 
lished in 18521 ; born in Liverpool, En- 
gland, Dec. 2, 1820; came to the United 
States in 1849 ; lived in New York 
City and vicinity about six months ; 
then went to St. Louis, resided there a 
little over two years ; then came to Keo- 
kuk. Mv. Pearce married Matilda Carr ; 
she was born in Liverpool ; they have 
four sons and lour dauiihtei-s. 

PEIKCE, €.11., proprietor of Peiroe 
Normal Pennianship Institute i^estab- 
lished in 1870; the Professor is Su- 
perintendent of Penmanship in the city 
schools, and Professor of Penmanship iu 
the Keokuk Mercantile College ; he lias 
been engaged in teaching penmanship 
for the last fifteen years ; for four years 
he taught in the Ohio State Normal 
School ; graduated from Eastman's 
Business College in 1870 ; came to Keo- 
kuk in "1871. Prof. Peiroe is a native 
of (^lark Co., Ohio. 

PIKKCE, P. F., I>R., was boru m 
German v «'ulv 14, 1854; came to the 



KEOKUK CITY. 



709 



United States in 1861; lived at Farm- 
ington, Van Buren Co., Iowa, until 
1865 ; then removed to Dover, Lee Co., 
where lie remained until he came to 
Keokuk in 1868; learned the drug- 
business and read medicine with F. H. 
O'Connor, M. D. ; graduated from the 
Eclectic Medical College, of St. Louis, 
in 1 874 ; he then returned to Farming- 
ton and was engaged in the drug busi- 
ness and practice of his profession until 
1876 ; he then came to Keokuk again ; 
the Doctor manufactures what he calls 
Pierce's Little Liver Pills, which he 
claims to be a perfect liver medicine, 
aiding digestion and cleansing blood, 
causing no pain, purely vegetable, con- 
taining no calomel, as many remedies for 
similar diseases do. 

Peck, C. K., hardware, and Government 
contractor. 

Peck, Peter H., railroad engineer. 

Pelgin, John, cooper. 

Pelgin, Louis, cooper. 

PERKINS, JOHN T., undertaker, 
on Third street, between Main and 
Johnson streets ; Mr. Perkins was born 
in Lewis Co., Ky., in 1842; came to 
this city in 1863. Married Miss Hen- 
rietta Browne, of this city, in 1871 ; 
they have two children — Lillian May 
and Gracie Lee. Mr. Perkins is a 
member of the Masonic Order, also of 
the Order of I. 0. 0. F.; is Dem- 
ocratic. 

Perry, C. H., retired. 

Peterson, Daniel, & Co., grocers. 

Peterson, Frank. 

Pflug, John. 

Phelan, -J. D., saloon. 

Phelan, Mat., saloon. 

Phillip, C. E., wholesale dry goods. 

PHILLIPS, T. F., grocer; was 
born in Van Buren Co., Iowa, in 1848 ; 
removed to this city with his parents in 
185(1. Married Miss Carrie D. Hunt, 
of Van Buren Co., in 1875; they have 
one child— Earl E. During the war, 
Mr. Phillips enlisted in Co. A, 2d I. V. 
I.; served until the close of the war ; 
was honorably discharged. He is a 
member of the I. 0. 0. F. ; acts with 
the Republican party. 

Phillips, M. 

Phillips, T. F., grocer. 

Piekert, Frank, boots and shoes. i 



Pipkin, Robert, teamster. 

POLLOCK, S. <& CO., wholesale 
grocers; the business was established 
by S. Pollock, in 1861 ; in January, 
1865, John M. Bisbeo and Benjamin B. 
Jewell, were admitted to partnership. 
Mr. Pollock came to Iowa in 184;> ; en- 
gaged in farming pursuits in Henry Co. 
until 1845; three years on the llalf- 
Breed Tract, two years in California ; in 
1853, came to Keokuk. Mr. P. is from 
Guernsey Co., Ohio ; Mr. Jewell is a na- 
tive of Jettcrson Co., Ind.; came to Ke- 
okuk in 1855; Mr. Bisbee was born in 
Worthington, Hampshire Co., Mass.; 
came to Keokuk in 1856. Messrs. Pol- 
lock & Co. do a business amounting to 
about $300,000 per annum ; their sales 
are principally in Iowa, Missouri and 
Illinois. 

Polser, Henry, tailor. 

Pond, S. P., dealer in butter and eggs. 

Power, John J., deputy Co. Treasurer. 

Price, William, ])ainter. 

Puder, George, iarmer. 

Puder, John, butcher. 

Purdy, George, painter. 

Pyles, Barney, teamster. 

RABER, BENEDICT, cooper. 
Raber, Ben, cooper. 

Radasch, E., cigars. 

Rankin, Henry, brickmaker. 

Rankin, John, brickmaker. 

RANKIN, WM. T., attorney at 
law ; born in Keokuk June 28, 1854 ; 
graduated from Monmouth College in 111- 
nois Class of 1874 ; he is also a graduate 
of Columbia Law School, Class of 1876. 
He was admitted to the bar in 1876, and 
has been engaged in practice here ever 
since; from Aug. 4, 1876 to Jan. 1, 
1878, the firm being Rankin & Smith ; 
since then Mr. Rankin has had no partner. 
He has held the position of Assistant 
United States District Attorney since 
Sept. 1, 1877. 

RAU, J., saloon-keeper, between Eighth 
and Ninth streets ; born in Germany in 
1844; came to America in 1867; to 
Keokuk in 1869; started present busi- 
ness in 1878. Married Miss Elizabeth 
Holdefer in 1877 ; she was born in Lee 
Co. in 1850. They have one child — 
Carl H., born in 1878. Members of the 
Lutheran Church. He is a member of 
the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge. 



710 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



RAXKIN, JOHN WAI.KKR, 

HON., was born in Washington Co., 
Penn., June21, 1S23 ; he was the fourth 
of a faunly of nine children ; they were 
bereaved of their father when he was 
but 11 years of age and lotl in limited 
oireuuistanoes wholly to the eare of a 
widowed mother ; the industry, eeonomy 
and excellent management of that 
pioxis mother enabled her to bring up 
all her family in more than ordinary re- 
spectability, and give them all, sons 
and daughters, a liberal education. John 
W. entered Washington College, and 
graduated with distinguvjhed honors iu 
18-A2 ; at Wooster,^ Ohio, he taught 
school and studied law, and was there 
admitted to the bar ; he came to Keokuk 
in 1S4S. and soon rose to distinction in 
his profession. Shortly after his settle- 
ment here he married Sarah E., daughter 
of Col. William Thomasson, of Louis- 
ville, Ky.; he died July 10. ISlU), after 
an illness of less than two days. The 
sudden death of eludge Ixankin cast a 
gloom over the entire city ; meetings of 
the bar were held at Keokuk and Fort 
Madison, and the tributes there paid to 
his memory attest the great loss sus- 
tained by his associates in the profes- 
sion. During his twenty-one years res- 
idence iu Keokuk, Judge Rankin w^as 
Judge, member of the State Senate, 
and Colonel of the 17th I. V. I. in the 
civil war ; in the same course of yeai-s, 
he w^as associated as law partner with 
Gen. S. E. Curtis, lawyer, statesman 
and soldier ; Judge Mason, eminent as 
a jurist ; Judge Love, now occupying 
th'e bench of the U. S. District Court, 
of this State ; Judge Samuel F. Miller, 
Justice of the IT. S. Supreme Court ; 
and Ceorge W. McCrary, our present 
Secretary of War, and as a lawyer and 
jurist Judge Rankin was not inferior to 
the most learned and able of these great 
men ; he loved his profession ; he never 
spoke ill of any one ; if he could not 
praise, he was silent. Tie had no ene- 
mies. 
RAY, W. B., wood and coal dealer ; 
otiioe and residence Morgan street, be- 
tween INIain and Ninth ; was born in 
Knoxville, Tenn., iu 18;>2 ; came to Lee 
Co. in 184:2; to Keokuk in 1851. 
Married Miss E. Gilbert, of New Wind- 



sor, INId.; born in 1 841) ; has one child — 
Maude, born in 18615. Mr. Kay is one 
of the charter members of the Free-for- 
All Church, and one of the membei-s of 
the choir ; Uepiiblican. 

Reed, E. W., carpenter. 

Rees, Joseph, lumber. 

Rees, Thomas. Couxfittitioti. . 
REEflli. Wl I. I.I AM, of the tirm of 
William Kees i^ Co., steam printers ; 
born in New York City Dec. 1(5, 1835 ; 
from 1851) to 1853, he was engaged in 
learning his trade of printer, in Pitts- 
burgh, Penn ; came to Keokuk in 1853; 
iu 1857, he conducted the Dally Post 
of Keokuk, for a short time ; for one 
year, he was proprietor of the Doniphan 
Post, in Doniphan Co., Kan.; since 18l50, 
he has been engaged in the general 
printing business in Keokuk. Oct. 15, 
18(53, he married Miss Dale Tackaberry, 
a native of the State of New York. 

Reimers i^t Stolt, grocers. 

R E I N K R, CAT 11 E R INK, 
MRS., dealer in groceries, provisions, 
etc.. Main street ; was born iu France 
in 1823 ; her husband, Lawrence Reiner, 
was a native of Alsace-Lorraine ; was 
born April 22, 1825; April 23,1848, 
he entered the French army, and was 
enrolled in the regiment '' Guard Napo- 
leon," in which he served until Oct. 16, 
1851, when he received an honorable 
discharge at Metz. They wore married 
in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1855 ; came to 
this city the same year ; engaged in the 
grocery trade iu 18(53, in which business 
he continued until his deatli, which oc- 
curred iu this city Nov. 11, 1878. Their 
children are Lawrence R., (leorge L., 
Edward 0.. William H., Harry E. and 
Nellie E. 

RKINHART, F., proprietor of the 
Bavaria Beer Hall, No. 181 Main 
street ; born in (.lermany in 1823 ; came 
to Keokuk in 1852 ; started present 
business in 18(51). Married Miss 3Iiria 
Hilt in 1853 ; she was born in Rhuheim, 
Gernnuiy, in 1831 ; they have two chil- 
dren — George and Miria. Membei*s of 
the Catholic Clyirch. 

Renand. Juliixs. silversmith. 

Replinger, M., butcher. 

Reps, Chas., teacher of piano. 

R I BY ^, in A T T., proprietor _ o\^ 
Mississippi Brass- Foundry, on Main, 



KEOKUK CITY. 



711 



near Tenth street ; Mr. R. was born in 
Bohemia in 1 827 ; came to this country 
in 1849. Married IMiss Theresa Fel- 
kik in St. Louis, Mo., in l856; the}' 
removed to this city in 1866. Have 
four children — Matthias, Amelia, The- 
resa and George. During the war 6f 
the rebellion, Mr. Ribyn served in the 
three-months service. Is Republican in 
politics. Himself and wife are mem- 
bers of the Catholic Church. 

RICJEi, J. li,, attorney ; born in De- 
troit, Mich.; came to Keokuk in 1857 ; 
engaged in practice of law ever since 
he came here ; Mr. Rice has served for 
nine years as Register in Bankruptcy. 

Rickards, G. V. S., butter and eggs. 

Rickards, T. F., butter and eggs. 

Rix, George, hardware. 

Robei'tson, Hugh, wholesale grocer. 

Rockenback, H. 

Rogers, William H., car-shops. 

Rollins, George W., bilhards. 

Rous, Louis, salesman. 

Rotchford, Martin, grocer. 

Rothert, H. W., hardware. 

Rovane, Thomas, teamster. 

Ruddick, William, farmer. 

Ryan, Thomas D., stone-mason. 

SAMPLE, S. S., contractor. 
Sample, W. S., livery. 
SAMPL.E, McEJLROY & CO., 

foundry, machine and boiler works. 

Sanborn, M. N., oculist. 

SAXTO, DAVID, proprietor of 
meat market, corner Second and John- 
son sts.; born in Keokuk in 1851. 
Married Mis Annie HuiFord, of Nauvoo, 
111., in 1874s; they have two children — 
Emma and Lucy ; Mr. S. is a member 
of the I. 0. 0. F.; was a member of 
Fire Department of this city for ten 
years ; he has been engaged in his 
present business since 1869. Members 
Lutheran Church. 

Schade, Philip, gardener. 

Schaefer, C, grocer. 

Schaefer, George, grocer. 

Scharfenburg, Henry, harness-maker. 

Schardelman, H. A., furniture. 

Schearer, William, teamster. 

Schenck, F., shoemaker. 

Scherer, Charles, carpenter. 

Schevers, Daniel, |)lasterer. 

Schevers, Theodore, tinner. 

Schilling, George, saloon. 



Schlotter, N., Dep. City Marshal. 

SCHOCK, JOHIV, boots and shoes, 
Main St., between Ninth and Tenth ; 
born in Germany in 1831 ; came to 
Keokuk in 1857. Married Miss E. 
Lambert in 1855 ; she was born in 
Germany in 1835. Members of the 
Catholic Church ; Mr. S. is a Democrat. 

Schmidt, Henry, carpenter. 

Schmidt, John, fisherman. 

Schneider, N., saloon. 

Scholte, L., housemover. 

Schouten, H., baker. 

SCHIJLZ, CHAS., of the firm 
of Karle & Schulz, wholesale and re- 
tail furniture dealers, No. 516 Main 
St., between Fifth and Sixth; was bora 
in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1839 ; 
came to America in 1851, and to Keo- 
kuk in 1857 ; started in present busi- 
ness in 1859. He married Miss Bar- 
bara Smith in 1863; she was born in 
Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1846 ; they 
have seven children — Lizzie, Charles, 
Minnie, Julia, Annie, Edward and Al- 
bert. Mr. Schulz enlisted in Co. D, 1st 
I. V. I, in the spring of 1861 ; he was 
in several engagements ; mustered out in 
the fall of "the same year. Mr. Schulz 
is a member of the Knights of Honor 
and I. O. 0. F. The family belongs to 
the Evangelical Church ; he is a Rep. 

Schulz, Fred, gardener. 

Schwartz, F., shoemaker. 

Scroggs, John W., lumber. 

Seibert, Stephen, cigars. 

Sell, Henry, blacksmith. 

Sellers, A. M., carpenter. 

Sessions, M., tea store. 

SEIDIilTZ, Ci^. XEUMAl^, phy- 
sician and surgeon ; born in Germany ; 
he received a thorough medical educa- 
tion in several of the leading universi- 
ties of Europe, at Berlin, Heidelberg, 
etc.; in 1847, he came to the United 
States and located in Mississippi, where 
he remained until 1864, when he came 
to Keokuk, arriving here in October of 
that year ; the Doctor is President of 
the Board of Health, now serving the 
fourth year in that capacity ; he is a 
member of the American Institute of 
Homeopathy, also ot the State Society ; 
he has been President of the latter So- 
ciety ; he is also one of the lecturers of 
the Iowa State Institute of Homeopathy, 



712 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



and is Cliairman of several of the com- 
mittees connected with the different so- 
cieties. 

Seymour, Henry, clerk. 

Shaffer, Henry, engineer. 

Shaffer, J. M., Secretary Iowa Life Insur- 
ance Co. 

SHAFFEK, JOSHUA MOX- 
B.OEi, M. D., was born in Washing- 
ton Co., Penn., Sept. 13, 1830, and was 
the youngest of ten children ; he en- 
tered Washington College in 1843, at 
the age of 13 years, and graduated in 
1848 ; in 1849, he began the study of 
medicine at Elizabeth, under the tuition 
of his brother, John E. Shaffer, M. D., 
and attended lectures at the University 
of Pennsylvania ; in 1852, he removed 
to Fairfield, Iowa, and entered upon the 
practice of his profession; in 1862, the 
honorary degree of Doctor of Medicine 
was conferred upon him by the Medical 
Department of the Iowa State Uni- 
versity ; from 1862 to 1874, he w£.s 
Secretary of the Iowa State Agricult- 
ural Society, an institution born in his 
office in Fairfield in 1853, and of which 
he was Secretary in 1854-55 ; in 1863, 
he was appointed Surgeon of the Board 
of Enrollment for the First Congres- 
sional District of Iowa, and, during the 
following two yeaz's, examined over five 
thousand men, preparatory to their ad- 
• mission to the army; in 1867, he was 
commissioned by the Grovernor to rep- 
resent Iowa at the Paris Exposition, 
but, the State failing to provide for ex- 
penses, he was forced to resign ; he rep- 
resented his county in the State Senate 
in the session of 1861-62 ; upon the 
organization of the Iowa Life Insurance 
Co., in 1874, he was elected its Secre- 
tary, and removed his residence to Keo- 
kuk ; he still holds the position. Dur- 
ing his residence in Iowa, Dr. Shaffer 
has been a careful student in natural 
history, and has made large collections 
in its different branches ; his collection 
of over five thousand specimens of 
stuffed birds, etc., all his own work, has 
given him an extended reputation as a 
taxidermist ; in this branch of the sci- 
ence he takes especial pleasure, and is 
contiuually adding new specimens. He 
married, on the 18th of March, 1856, 
Miss Mel. Jane Curry, of Elizabeth, 



Penn ; two of the three children born 
of this union are still living — Susan F. 
and William Monroe ; Lewellyn James, 
the second, died in 1861, at the age of 
20 months. 

Shelley, J. M., wholesale dry goods. 

Shelley, W. F., dry goods; wholesale. 

Shepherd, William, R. R. shops. 

SHEPPARD, li. D., of the firm 
of Evans & Sheppard, dealers in gro- 
ceries, draining-tile, fire-brick, Louisville 
cement and plaster, 526 Main street. 
Mr. Sheppard was born in Cumberland 
Co., N. J., in 1841. At the com- 
mencement of the war of the rebellion, 
he enlisted in Co. F, 9th New Jersey 
Infantry, as private ; was in the service 
only a short time when he was appoint- 
ed Second Lieutenant, then First Lieu- 
tenant, and from the latter office was 
promoted to that of Captain ; he served 
from the beginning to the close of the 
war, and was honorably discharged ; 
was in numerous engagements ; was 
wounded quite severely at Drury's 
Bluff; went to Arkansas after the close 
of the war, and while there was engaged 
in the mercantile business with Mr. 
Evans. The maiden name of Mr. 
Sheppard's wife was Miss Lawrence ; 
they were married in Lewistown, Penn. 
Mr. Sheppard and wife are members of 
the Presbyterian Church. He is Re- 

' publican in politics, and is a member of 
the Masonic society. 

SHERMAl^, R. H., attorney at 
Law, Estes House Block. Mr. Sher- 
man is a member of the firm of Carp- 
enter & Sherman, wholesale and retail 
dealers in coffees, teas, spices, etc., Main 
St., between Second and Third, and also 
of the firm of Carpenter & Sherman, 
proprietors of the Veranda Livery, John- 
son St., bet. Second and Third 

Shippey, D. D., carpenter. 

Shuler, John R., gunsmith. 

Sisson, Frank, Assistant Postmaster. 

Smith, B. H., pork-packer. 

SMITH, D. B., Deputy Co. Treas- 
urer ; born in New York City May 28, 
1834; in 1835, his parents removed 
with family to Southern Illinois, near St. 
Louis; came tc Keokuk in 1846; Mr. 
Smith was for many years employed as 
Civil Engineer, connected with the con- 
struction of the Keokuk & Des Moines 



KEOKUK CITY. 



713 



Valley Railway Co.; Keokuk & Mt. 
Pleasant Railway Co.; Assistant City 
Engineer, etc. He has served as Dep- 
uty Sheriff, Alderman of Second Ward, 
two years, etc.; he is now serving his 
fourth year as Deputy Co. Treasurer. 
Mr. Smith married Mamie Reddington, 
August 14, 1860 ; they have one child 
— Lavina. 

.SMITH, GEORGE R., dealer in 
family groceries and boat stores ; also 
commission merchant, Main St., between 
Second and Third sts. Mr. S. was born in 
Muncie, Ind., in 1834 ; removed to Iowa 
City, with his parents, in 1842 ; thence 
to this county in 1847. In December, 
1858, he married Miss Marguerite L. 
Bishop, a native of Philadelphia, Penn., 
who came to this county with her par- 
ents about 1850. They have two chil- 
•dren — Charles J. and Minnie M. Mr. 
Smith is a member of the I. 0. 0. F.; 
he was wharfmaster five years ; has 
been engaged in his present business 
since 1860. 

Smith, H. E., Constitution. 

Smith, Henry. 

Smith, R. E., carpenter. 

Smith, W. H., carpenter. 

Smith, Goo. B., Du-ector U. P. Railroad. 

Snively, H. N., carpenter. 

SIii[YDER, JACOB S., wagon and 
general repairer, and horseshoeing shop, 
Main St., near Thirteenth Mr. Snyder 
was born in Hartford, Conn., in 1832 ; 
in 1842, removed, with his parents, to 
Mercer Co., Penn., where he remained 
until he was 17 years of age; he then 
went to Wheeling, Va., where he learned 
the blacksmithing trade ; came to this 
city in 1855 ; at the breaking- out of 
the war he entered the service as black- 
smith. In 1857, he married Miss L. 
H. Hamilton, a native of Ripley Co., 
Ind.; they have two children — Ida 
Elizabeth and John Albert. Mr. Sny- 
der and wife are members of the Baptist 
Church. 

SPICER, NATHAN, jeweler, 
Main st.; was born in Trumbull Co., 
Ohio, in 1828 ; in 1836, he removed to 
Henry Co., Ill, with his parents ; he re- 
mained in Illinois until 1844, in which 
year he went to Iowa City ; thence to 
St. Paul, Minn , in 1849 ; on the 27th 
of April, 1852, he married Miss Mar- 



tha M. Boyl ; they moved to this city 
in 1867 ; they have five children. Re- 
publican ; members of the Latter-Day 
Saints' Church. 

SOELIilNGER, ML., proprietor of 
Eclipse Saloon, corner of Main and 
Eighth sts. ; born in Germany in 1832 ; 
came to America in 1857; to Lee Co. 
in 1858 ; started present business in 
1876. Married Miss Louisa Chart in 
1859; she was born in Paris, France, 
in 1843; they have eight children — 
Matilda, Amanda, Emma, Joseph, Jo- 
sephine, Theodore, Louis, Morris; Mr. 
Soellinger keeps the summer beer 
garden, between Eighteenth and Nine- 
teenth sts. ; belongs to the I. 0. 0. F. . 
Lodge. 

Solomon, L., clothing. 

Spiesberger, Jacob, clothing. 

Spiesberger Brothers, dry goods. 

Sprague, D. N., attorney. 

SPRING, J., proprietor of Floral 
Hall, No. 153 Main st. ; born in Ba- 
varia, Germany, in 1823 ; came to Ke- 
okuk in 1855 ; has been in the saloon 
business since 1856. In 1856, married 
Miss Catherine Frieker ; she was born 
in Eloise, Germany, in 1838 ; they have 
eight children — Mary, Kate, Amelia, 
Josephine, Lizzie, Frank X., Clemen- 
tius J., Edward ; members of the -Cath- 
olic Church. 

Spring, S., hotel-keeper. 

Springer, L. D., coal-dealer. 

Stafford, M., grocer. 

Stahl, Charles, butcher. 

Stahl, John A., shoemaker. 

STANWOOD, GEORGE, gen- 

eral collecting agent ; born in Newbury- 
port, Mass., May 22, 1818 ; removed to 
Natchez, Miss., in 1837; engaged in 
mercantile pursuits there, until 1854; 
in March, 1854, he came to Lee Co., 
Iowa, and engaged in farming in Section 
31, Charleston Tp., where he purchased 
a handsome farm of 288 acres, which he 
still owns. Mr. Stanwood was engaged 
as traveling salesman for J. M. Shelley 
& Son for five years previous to 1876 ; 
although, at the same time, his farm was 
carried on under his supervision ; Dec. 
1, 1878, Mr. Stanwood removed to Ke- 
okuk. He Married Charlotte P. Hen- 
derson Feb. 14, 1843 ; she was born in 
Maryland ; they have six children — ■ 



714 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



Charles C, George, Jr., Joseph A., 
Isaac H., Minnie S. and Samuel J). 
Mr. Stanwood served four years as 
Supervisor from Charleston Tp. 

STRIPE, W. C, Secretary and En- 
gineer of the Keokuk Water Works ; 
born in Woolwich, Eng., Jan. 18, 1812 ; 
came to Ft. Madison, Iowa, in 1840 ; Mr. 
S. was associate editor of the Lee Co. 
Democrat for about two years ; after- 
ward, he was engaged in hotel keeping 
in Ft. Madison and Keokuk for several 
years ; in 1852, he and James L. Estes 
took charge of the sale of Hon. Charles 
Mason's lands, which comprised -^-^-^ of 
what was known as the " Half-Breed 
Tract." Upon the adoption of the 
Internal Revenue Law, Mr. Stripe was 
appointed Assistant United States In- 
ternal Revenue Assessor, which position 
he held until the office was abolished ; 
for four years he was employed by the 
Government as Clerk and Assistant 
Engineer in the construction of the 
Canal, for the improvement of the Des 
Moines Rapid* ; afterward originated, 
planned and superintended the construc- 
tion of the present system of water 
works at Keokuk, which he completed 
in about ten months after the cominence- 
ment of the work. Mr. Stripe's first 
wife was Eliza Payne ; she died in July, 
184:2; they had four children, none of 
whom are now living ; his second wife- 
was Ellen Anderson ; she died in 1851; 
they had three children, only one now 
living — William A., a resident engineer 
of the Toledo, Wabash & Western Rail- 
way Co. Present wife was Eliza An- 
derson, a native of Tennessee ; they 
have had ten children — three deceased ; 
the living are Frederick H., Iowa 0., 
George M., Frank and Lyda (twins), 
Mary and Harry. 

STATE NATIONAL. BANK, 
capital, 8150,000; surplus |35,000 ; 
Arthur Hosmer, President ; Guy Wells, 
Vice President ; Oscar C. Hale, Cashier ; 
the bank is located on the southwest 
cor. of Main and Second sts. 

Steele, A. M., fine dry goods. 

Steele, William, wholesale liquors. 

Steiger, J. W., teamster. 

Steinmetz, Peter, baker. 

Stern, I. N., & Co., clothing. 

Stevens, Jacob, carpenter. 



Stoddard, John, R. R. shops. 

Story, Bogus, hostler. 

Sutton & Co., brass works. 

Sutton, P. R., brass foundry. 

SUTHERLAND, ROBERT^ 
way-bill clerk K. D. & M. Division of 
C, B. & Q. Ry. ; was born in Caith- 
ness, Scotland, in 1841 ; came to Can- 
ada in 185,3, and to Keokuk in 1867, 
and engaged in the capacity of check 
clerk on the Des Moines Valley R. R. 
Married Miss E. Fulton, of Van Buren 
Co., in 1865 ; has five children — Robt. 
D., George C, William, Kate and 
Margaret. Republican. 

Swanson, L. P., carpenter. 

Swartz, D. W., R. R. shops. 

Swasey, 0. T., clerk A. Hosmer & Ca. 

Swede, Charles, stone-mason. 

Swede, Fred., stone-mason. 

rpABOR, B. P., lumber. 

Tallon, P. J., coal-dealer. 

Tally, James 

TAYLOR, C. W., Police Recorder^ 
born in Morgantown, W. Va., Jan, 5, 
1834; lived in Virginia until 1852, 
then removed to Ohio, where he resided 
two years ; in 1854, came to Keokuk ; 
worked at his trade of iron-molder 
until September, 1861, when he enlisted 
in Co. C, 3d I. V. C. ; re-enlisted in 
January, 1864 ; mustered out in August, 
1865, after serving nearly four years. 
After Mr. Taylor returned from the 
army, he resumed his employment of 
molder and continued in that work 
until he was elected Recorder in April, 
1875 ; re-elected in 1877. He married 
Maria Lynch May 27, 1857 ; she was 
born in Indiana ; they have had nine 
children ; lost two ; the living are Arthur^ 
Charles, George S., Willie, Margaret, 
Susan and Harry. 

Taylor, J. W., carpenter. 

Thieme, M., tailor. 

Tieke, Henry, cigars. 

Tighe, Patrick M., contractor. 

Timberman, William, pork -packer. 

TINSMAN, J. B., of the firm of 
Wycoif & Tinsman, dealers in new and 
second-hand merchandise, on Main street, 
between Fifth and Sixth streets. Mr. 
Tinsman was born in Westmoreland Co., 
Penn., in 1826. In 1854, he removed 
to Meigs Co., Ohio ; thence to Ripley 



KEOKUK CITY. 



715 



Co., Ind., in 1856 ; removed to this city 
in 1865. He married in Beaver Co., 
Penn., Miss Lavina Nagle. They have 
one child — Annie (now the wife of J. 
Wycoff). Mr. T. acts with the Na- 
tional party ; is a member of the T. 0. 
0. F. Lodge. 
Tolmie, Alexander, miller. 
Tooke, David, grocer. 
Trimble, W. H., saloon. 
Trott, S. A. & M., shoemakers. 
Tucker, Howard, Secretary Iowa State 

Insurance Company. 
Tucker, S. W., insurance agent. 
Tuckman, M., Tailor. 
TYIiER, LOREIlf S., of the firm 
of Brown & Tyler, auction and commis- 
sion merchants. Main st., between Sixth 
and Seventh ; Mr. Tyler was born in Bos- 
ton, Mass., April 21, 1845; came to 
Keokuk in 1856. Enlisted as drummer 
in Co. H, 15th I. V. I., Dec. 20, 1861 ; 
was mustered out at Vicksburg, Miss., 
Dec. 31, 1863; re-enlisted as veteran 
in Co. H, 15th I. Vet. I., Jan. 1, 
1864 ; was mustered out with regiment 
July 24, 1865 ; was in all the battles 
his regiment participated in, from the 
first at Shiloh, April 6 and 7, to the 
last at Bentonville, N. C, in March, 
1865. In June, 1870, he engaged 
with his father in the furniture busi- 
ness under the firm name of A. S. Tyler 
& Son. In May, 1872, he was mus- 
tered into Torrence^ Post, No. 2, Gr. 
A. R., and was appointed Post Adju- 
tant, rank of 1st Lieutenant on the 17th 
of September, and was re-appointed in 
December for the ensuing year ; was 
was elected Post Commander, rank of i 
Colonel, in 1873 ; In 1874, was ap- j 
pointed Assistant Adjutant General, ' 
with rank of Colonel. At the organiza- I 
tion of the Keokuk Battery, he was I 
appointed 2d Lieutenant of that organ- \ 
ization. In December, 1875, he formed j 
a partnership with I. L. Brown, under 
the firm name of Brown & Tyler, and 
engaged in the auction and commission 
business. Served as Assistant Adju- 
tant General of Department of Iowa, 
G. A. R.jto second annual encampment, 
convened at Keokuk, January, 1876 ; in 
February, 1876, he was elected Adjut- 
ant and Commander with rank of 1st 
Lieutenant, of the 2d Regiment Infant- 



ry, Iowa State Guards ; was a delegate 
to the State Military Convention held, 
at Des Moines in 1878; was elected 
Vice President of the same ; in April 
of the same year, he was appointed 
Major and Assistant Inspector General 
of the 1st Brigade, 1st Division I. N. 
G. ; appointment was approved and he 
was commissioned by Gov. John H. 
Gear and John H. Looby, Adjutant 
General of Iowa, to rank from June 8^ 
1878. 
"TTLRICH, AUGUST, carpenter. 

Upham, W. P., boots and shoes. 

YAIL, S. S., retired. 
Vanorsdal, Valentine, farmer 

Vancamp, L. C, hostler. 

Vanderheyden, H., retired. 

VA:Sf (jJRIEKEX, S., photogra- 
pher, 80 Main St. (old number), be- 
tween Third and Fourth sts.; Mr. Van 
Grieken has been engaged in the busi- 
ness of making pictures for twenty-twO' 
years ; he has the best possible facilities 
for doing first-class work ; all kinds of 
photographic work done ; enlarging and 
copying of every description done in a 
satisfactory manner, and at reasonable 
prices. His charges are in accord with 
the times. Mr. Van G. was born in 
Holland Dec. 6, 1840 ; when he was 
about 5 years of age he was brought 
to New York City by his grandparents 
(his father and mother being both de- 
ceased) ; while living in New York his 
grandfather died, and when he was 
13 years of age he came to Keokuk 
with his grandmother, and he has re- 
sided here ever since. 

VAlVORSpAL., VAL.EK^- 

COURT, residence on Timea, between 
Twelfth and Thirteenth streets ; was 
born in Illinois in August, 1817 ; when, 
he was 6 years of age, his parents re- 
moved to St. Louis, then to this county, 
1827, since which Mr. Vanorsdal has 
been a resident of Lee Co., with the ex- 
ception of the period from 1853 to 1858, 
which he spent in California. He has 
been twice married ; first wife was Miss 
Louisa Wright ; present wife was Ade- 
line Taylor ; children by first wife are 
Maria, Arthur, Kate, Claude, Amos ;. 
one child by present wife — Simon. Mr. 
Vanorsdal acts with Republican party. 



716 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



Vansant, John S., grocer. 

Van Werden, Gr. C, clerk. 

Vermullen, D., gas works. 

Vermillion, Green, grocer. 

Villannis, E., shoemaker. 

Vogel, R. & Brc, wholesale clothing. 

Vogel, S. & H.) clothiers. 

Voght, Jacob, plasterer. 

Voitmeier, V., saloon. 

Voorhies, J. O., capitalist. 

Voorhies, S. F., capitalist. 

Vonvucht, William. 

Vorieter, Charles, produce. 

Vorwaart, H., grocer. 

XTTAKEFIELD, SAMUEL, maehin- 

Walde, Joseph, dairyman. 

Waldsmith, Robert, drayman. 

Walker, A. H. 

Walker, D. 

WALSMITH, E., of the firm of 
Narrley & Walsmith, butchers, 614 
Main street ; was born in Germany in 
1841. Married Miss Elizabeth Law- 
renz in 1860 ; she was born in Germany ; 
they have four children — Emma, Lena, 
Odilla and Rosa. Mr. Walsmith is a 
member of the Knights of Honor, and 
holds the position of Treasurer ; Repub- 
lican. 

WAPPICH, WII^IilAM, resi 
dence Johnson, between Fourth and 
Fifth streets ; was born in Baden, Ger- 
many, Dec. 31, 1828 ; in 1848, went to 
Paris, France, and was there during the 
three-days revolution; in 1849, he en- 
tered the regiment known as the Paris 
Legion, which was entirely composed of 
Germans living in that city, and were 
enrolled for the purpose of establishing 
a Republican form of government in 
■Germany ; they were, however, defeated 
at the battle of Rastavt, and Mr. Wap- 
pich, in consequence, became a refugee ; 
he fled to Switzerland, where he remained 
six months ; then returned to Germany ; 
was there only a short time before he 
was taken prisoner and kept in durance 
three months ; was tried and convicted 
to one year's imprisonment ; the sentence 
was commuted to twenty days' dark im- 
prisonment ; at the expiration of the 
twenty days, he had to enter the army 
and serve until 1851 ; in 1852, became 
to this country ; lived in St. Louis until 
1853 ; then went to California ; remained 



there until 1855, in which year he re- 
turned to St. Louis, and came to this 
city in the winter of the same year. He 
married Miss S. Lorz, of this city ; have 
three children — Henrietta, William and 
Julia. 

Ward, Charles, farmer. 

Warner, J. T., watchmaker. 

Waters, John, carpenter. 

Waters, 0. A., teamster. 

Weed, Samuel R., retired. 

WEESE, XICHOIiAS, proprie- 
tor meat market, corner of Sixth and 
and Palean streets ; was born in Ger- 
many in 1822 ; came to America in 1848 ; 
lived in Pittsburgh, Penn., the greater 
portion of the time until 1855, when he 
removed to this city, and has been en- 
gaged in his present business since. He 
married in this city Miss H. Redmacher, 
a native of Holland. 

Weigner, Henry, tobacconist. 

WEISMAITN, ADOIiPH, phy 
cian and surgeon ; born in Germany 
June 24, 1833; came to the United 
States and located at Cincinnati, Ohio, 
in 1853; lived there three years, and 
in May, 1856, came to Keokuk. From 
1856 to 1863, he was engaged in the 
drug business here. Since 1863, he has 
been engaged in practice ; the Doctor is 
a graduate of the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons, of Keokuk. He is Ex- 
amining Surgeon for Pensions ; has held 
that position for the last three years. 
He is Vice President of the Medical 
Society of Keokuk. Dr. Weisman 
married Bina Stuckert Sept. 17, 1855, 
in Cincinnati, Ohio ; she was born in 
Germany. They had eight children, 
lost one ; the living are Adolph, Bina, 
Charley, George, Mary, Ida and Anna. 

WEIiliS, GUY, Vice President of 
the State National Bank; born in Wya- 
lusing, Bradford Co., Penn., July 21, 
1813. In the spring of 1838, he came 
to La Salle, 111. ; for two years, he was 
connected with the construction of the 
Illinois Railroad ; he then came to Fort 
Madison, Iowa, via. Galena and thence 
down the Mississippi River. He im- 
mediately entered into a contract for the 
construction of a portion of the Peni- 
tentiary at Fort Madison; for about 
three years, he also carried on mercantile 
business there, and for about five years, 



KEOKUK CITY. 



717 



operated the ferry at that point, James j 
Wilson being associated with him as a | 
partner; served two years as Deputy ! 
Sheriff. In the spring of 1847, Mr. ! 
Wells removed to Keokuk. For eleven j 
jears, Mr. Wells was Chief Engineer of | 
the Des Moines River Improvement ; ^ 
surveyed and superintended the con- \ 
struction of the railroad between here 
and Clayton, 111. He was Superintend- | 
ent of the company several years, the 
road being owned by Sample, Hornish 
& Wells, afterward sold to the Toledo, 
Wabash & Western Railway Co. ; then, 
for two years, Mr. Wells continued as 
Assistant Superintendent. Mr. Wells 
owns one-third interest in the Sonora 
Stone Quarries ; is one of the owners ot 
the saw-mill at Montrose; also stock- 
holder and Director in the Iowa State 
Insurance Co. For seventeen years he 
was a member of the School Board of 
Keokuk ; several years President of the 
Board. He is now serving a three- 
years term as member of the Board. 
Nearly all the present school edifices 
were constructed under his supervision. 
He served a long time as City Engineer. 
Mr. Wells has always taken an active 
interest in all pubKc improvements, 
and is one of the foremost men of the 
community. He married Ellen Hawk- 
hurst Oct. 1, 1850; she was born in 
Vermont Feb. 15, 1827. They have 
had four children, one deceased. The 
living are Carrie (now Mrs. James Ros- 
sell),' Kate and Robert Ross. 

Welsh, James N., gents' furnishing goods. 

Wende, Henry, wagon-maker. 

WERSE, J. C, proprietor meat mar- 
ket, Main St., between Seventh and 
Eighth ; this gentleman, an old citizen and 
business man of Keokuk, is a native of 
Germany ; was married in Holland ; came 
to Keokuk in 1850, and since 1852 has 
been engaged in his present business. 

West, William, Rapids pilot. 

Westcott, S. C, book store. 

WESTCOTT, J. HENRY, Jus 

tice of the Peace and insurance agent ; 
Mr. Westcott was born in Wheeling, 
Va., in 1823, where he remained until 
1837, when he removed with his parents 
to Ohio, thence to Indiana, in 1862; 
removed to this city, 1855 ; he has been 
■engaged in mercantile business the greater 



part of his life ; has been Justice of the 
Peace since 1877. Has been married 
twice; first wife was Miss Frances M. 
Ward ; present wife was Miss Adelaide 
Holsey, of this city ; himself and wife 
are members of the Presbyterian Church ; 
politically he acts with the Republican 
party. Mr. Westcott represents the fol- 
lowing insurance companies, Meriden 
Fire Ins. Co., of Meriden, Conn. ; Will- 
iamsburg Fire Ins. Co., of Brooklyn, N. 
Y. ; Northwestern National Ins. Co., of 
Milwaukee ; Merchants' Ins. Co., of 
Newark, N. J. ; The People's Fire Ins. 
Co., of Trenton, N, J. ; Union Ins. Co., 
of Philadelphia, Penn. 
Wheeler, James H., stone-mason. 
White, D. P., produce. 
White, Mason, produce. 
Wicke, John, carpenter. 
Wierather, Frank, gardener. 
Wies, F. J., butcher. 
Wies, John C, butcher. 
Wilkinson, A. J., wholesale and retail 

drugs. 
Williams, Horace, dairyman. 
Williamson, Greo., sawyer. 
Wills, Gr. W., miller. 
Wilson, George, grocer. 
Wilson, J. L., machinist. 
WIL.L.ER, H., proprietor of Depot 
House, Deutches Gasthaus, Levee st., 
between Main and Johnson ; born in 
Hanover, Germany, in 1834 ; came to 
Keokuk in 1868. Married Louisa Hal- 
masm in 1861 ; she was born in Hanover, 
Germany, in 1840 ; they have four chil- 
dren — Augusta, Harmon, Emma, Pau- 
i lina. Mr. W. belongs to the Druid's 
I Society ; is Democratic. 
' WITZ, JOSEPH, cigar manufact- 
I urer. No. 148 Main st. ; born at Bur- 
UngtoQ, Iowa, in 1847 ; came to Keokuk 
in 1867; started present business in 
{ 1877. Married Caroline Heissel in 1871 
I she was born in Warsaw, 111., in 1853 
Mr. Witz is a member of the Druids 
! Society ; in politics, Liberal. 
j Wirtz, Carl, tailor. 
I Wiseman, A., physician. 
Wittich, F. W., musician. 
Wolf, Peter, blacksmith. 
1 WooUey, William, carpenter. 
WORL.E Y, S. T., proprietor carriage- 
factory. First street between Main and 
Johnson ; he manufactures and keeps 



718 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY; 



constantly on hand the various styles of 
one and two seated phaetons, rockaways, 
single and double buggies, with or with- 
out tops, also manufactures all the styles 
of democrat and spring wagons called for 
in this market. Mr. Worley was born 
in Portsmouth, 0., in 1832, where 
he remained until 1860, when he 
removed to Quiney, 111. ; in July, 1862, 
he entered Co. A, 119th 111. V. I., as 1st 
Lieutenant ; was promoted Captain of 
the same company in 1863 ; honorably 
discharged at the close of the war in 
1865. Mr. Worley married in Ports- 
mouth, Ohio, Miss E. J. Hicks, a native 
of that place ; they have nine children — 
Laura E., Charles M., William H., Em- 
ma, Ida, James H., Harry, Grace, Mary; 
Mr. Worley and family are members of 
the Methodist Episcopal Church ; he is 
Trustee and Steward in Methodist 
Episcopal Church ; Republican. 

Worley, Samuel, bricklayer. 

Worley, W. J., brickmaker. 

Worster, Oscar, R. R. conductor. 

WlJIiFF, ADOLPHrS, editor 
and proprietor of the Keokuk Post; is 
a native of Schleswig, Germany ; having 
studied law at the German Universities j 
of Kiel (Holstein), Tuebingen (Wur- 
temberg) and Gottingen (Hanover) ; he 
commenced practicing that profession 
in 1843, and continued it until 1851, 
when he came to the United States ; in 
1867 and 1868, he edited the Volks- ; 
hlatt, a German paper at St. Joseph, 
Mo. ; was editor of a German paper at 
Kansas City, Mo., from 1870 to 1873, 
when he was a Government official under 
the Commissioner of Internal Revenue ; 
since Feb. 1, 1877, he has been editor 
and proprietor of the Keokuk Post, 
which, under his management, is in- 
creasing; in circulation and influence. 



Wycoff, I. C, carpenter. 

WYXOFF, J. F., of the firm oa 
Wycoff & Tinsman, dealers in second- 
hand furniture and new merchandise, on 
Main, between Fifth and Sixth sts. ; 
born in this city in 1851. Married 
Miss Annie Tinsman in l^urlington, 
Iowa, in 1874 ; have two children — 
Alice Belle and George Edward. Mr. 
W. is a Republican. 

Wycoff, Jonathan, ship-carpenter. 

WYMAN, F. W., M. D., office, 
Third street, between Main and Johnson ; 
born in Van Buren Co., Iowa, in 1848; 
came to Keokuk in 1852 ; in 1863, 
owned a drug store in partnership with 
Mr. Masburg, the firm name being 
Wyman & Masburg; continued in the 
drug business until 1869, then sold out 
and commenced the study of medicine 
with his father. Dr. R. H. Wyman; 
graduated at the Keokuk Medical Col- 
lege in 1876. Dr. W. is one of the 
charter members of the Free-for-All 
Church ; Democratic. 

Wyman, R. H., physician. 

Wyringa, Bernard, farmer. 

""y^ALES, F. R., farmer. 

Yenawine, W. H., miller. 
Younker, Mannasse, dry goods. 
Younker, Marcus, dry goods. 
Younker, Samuel, dry 2;oods. 

ZERR, JOHW', dealer in dry 
goods, notions, etc.. Main street, be- 
tween Third and Fourth streets ; Mr. 
Zerr was born in St. Charles, Mo., 
April 6, 1851 ; resided there until he 
came to Keokuk, in 1869. For ten 
years he was engaged in the dry goods 
business as a salesman ; since 1873, has 
been engaged in the same business a.*' 
proprietor. 



TOO LATE FOR INSERTION IN THEIR PROPER PLACE. 



BURXS, JOHN, residence on Elev- 
enth and Blondeau sts., Keokuk ; this 
gentleman, a pioneer settler of the North- 
west, was born in Bucks Co., Penn., in 
1813; in 1835, he came to Quiney, 111., 
where he remained until 1837, when he 
came to Van Buren Co., Iowa, and en- 
gaged in mercantile business in that 



county until 1840, in which year he 
came to this city (Keokuk) and has 
been engaged in mercantile business the 
greater part of the time until 1877, 
when he retired from it. Mr. Burns 
was married in Quiney, Hi., in 1839, to 
Miss Maria C. Rentgen, now deceased, 
a native of Pittsburgh, Penn. Mr. 



JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 



719 



Burns in early life acted with the Whig 
party ; on the organization of the Re- 
publican party, he became a Republican, 
and has remained a consistent supporter 
of the same. 
EVAXS, A. H., of the firm of Evans 
& Sheppard, grocers, and dealers in 
draining-tile, fire-brick, Louisville cem- 
ent and plaster, 526 Main st. ; Mr. 
Evans was born in Mercer Co., N. J., 
in 1840. At the breaking-out of the 
war of the rebellion he entered the 
three-months miUtia; at the expiration 
of the three-month service, he enlisted 
in Co. F, 9th N. J. V. I. : was mustered 
into the veteran service in November, 
1863, appointed Second Lieutenant, 
April 13, 1864, promoted First Lieu- 
tenant on Sept. 28 of the same year, 
and to that of Captain, April 22, 1865 ; 
was appointed Regimental Treasurer, 



May 22, 1865 ; honorably discharged 
July 18, 1865 ; was in twenty-two reg- 
ular engagements and in numerous 
skirmishes. Politically, Mr. Evans is 
Republican to the core. In the fall of 
1865, he went to Arkansas, and in 
connection with his present partner, 
Mr. Sheppard, engaged in the mercantile 
business. In 1868 and 1869, he was 
Senator from that State ; was also a 
member of the Constitutional Conven- 
tion. The maiden name of Mr. Evans' 
wife was Miss R. N. Sheppard ; they 
were married in Cumberland Co., N. 
J. ; they have three children — Mabel, 
Lewis S. and Elizabeth H. Mr. Evans 
and family are members of the Presby- 
terian Church. He is also a member 
of the Masonic society. Came to Keo- 
kuk in 1877, and has since been en- 
gaged in the grocery trade. 



JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 

(P. 0. KEOKUK) 



A DAMS, ROBERT, farmer. 

Anderson, William, farmer. 

no AWDEN, JOHN, marble-cutter. 

BIRD, <^EOR€}E, farmer, Sec. 20 
a native of Grermany, born in 1828 
emigrated to this country in 1838 
lived in Pennsylvania until 1845, in 
which year he came to Lee Co. The 
maiden name of Mr. Bird's wife was 
Mary Kite ; they were married in Keo- 
kuk ; have six children — Benjamin, 
Adeline, Charles, Louisa, Simeon and 
George W. 

Black, H. H., teacher. 

Black, H. M., farmer. 

Boardman, James H., trunk manufact- 
urer. 

Boyce, David, farmer. 

Brunat, Justine, former. 

BUEIili, I.YMAN, farmer, Sec. 1 ; 
P. 0. Sandusky ; was born in Connecti- 
cut in 1832 ; he came to Lee Co. in 
1854, and engaged in the photograph 
business ; he came to his present place 
in 1866. He married, in 1855, Nancy 
H. Doolittle, also a native of Connecti- 



cut ; has two children — Margaretta A. 
and Hortense Josephine. Mr. Buell 
is engaged principally in dairying and 
fruit-growing. 
Burrell, Green, gardener. 
piHEXOWITH, T. J., far., Sec.^ 
\_J 11 ; Mr. Chenowith is a native of 
Jefferson Co., Ky. ; born near Louisville, 
in 1809; in 1816, he removed with his 
friends to Jefferson Co., Wis., thence to 
Clinton Co., Ind., in 1831. While in 
CUnton Co., he married Miss Mary 
Wright, a native of Adams Co., Ohio, 
born in 1807 ; they removed to Adams 
Co., III., in 1836, and came to Lee Co. 
the following year ; she died in July. 
1878 ; she was an earnest Christian 
woman, and one of the pioneer mothers 
in whom we all take a just pride ; they 
have four children now living — Melvina, 
Joseph H., Ruhamah (now Mrs. John 
Downey) of Charleston, Lee Co., and 
Henry C. In early life, Mr. C. acted 
with the Whig party, on its decline be- 
came a Republican and a firm supporter 
of the party ; in the early history of the 
county, he was elected County Commis- 
sioner five terms ; has been member of 



720 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



Board of Trustees of^ Jackson Tp. 
eighteen years, and has always taken an 
active part in the religious and educa- 
tional interests of the county. 
"T~\ANFORTH, JOSI AH, farmer. 

Danielson, J. F., farmer. 

DAVIS, S. 11., Superintendent of Lee 
Co. Poor-farm ; was born in Lebanon, 
N. H., Feb. 18, 1834 _; he was brought 
up and lived there until the war broke 
out, when he enlisted in Co. F, Berdan's 
2d Regt. U. S. Sharpshooters ; he after- 
ward served in the Qartermaster's De- 
partment ; he was taken prisoner at Chan- 
cellorsville and also at the battle of 
Fredericksburg, but he was fortunate 
enough to escape each time the same 
day he was captured ; he was in the serv- 
ice four years. Came to Iowa and 
settled in Lee Co. in 1865 ; he has held 
his present office for three years. He 
married Miss Alma A. Moore, from 
Chelsea, Vt., in August, 1858; they 
have two daughters — Ellen F. and 
Laura J. 

THNGSTROM, G-UST., farmer. 

Engstrom, John, farmer. 
TnLEMlNG, JOHN, farmer. 

Foley, Daniel, farmer. 
Fowler, Edward, limekiln. 
Fowler, John, farmer. 
Funkhouser, Jacob, farmer. 
r^ ORGAS, DANIEL, farmer. 



H 



AISCH, ERNEST, farmer. 



Haisch, Jacob, farmer. / 

Haisch, John, farmer. 

Harrington, John, farmer. 

Hay den, Pius, farmer. 

Hayden, William, farmer. 

Hedrick, Y. P., farmer. 

Heffleman, Henry, farmer. 

Hilt, William, farmer. 

Hine, Charles W., farmer. 

Hoffman, Sylvanus, farmer. 

House, Elijah, farmer. 

Howell, Thomas H., farmer. 

nrX€}ERSOIiIi,E.lI., farming and 

I dairy. Sec. 22 ; was born in Nauvoo, 

111., in 1837 ; while he was a child, his 

parents, William and Hannah Ingersoll, 

removed to Des Moines Co., Iowa, 



thence to this county, in 1847 ; during* 
the war, he served as Corporal of Com- 
pany C. 45th Iowa Inf. ; was honorably 
discharged. He married in Keokuk 
Miss M. A. Seymour ; they have three 
children, viz., Edgar L., Lucy C, Ida 
May. 
TASTER, M., farmer. 

Jefferson, William S., stock-dealer. 
Johnson, John A., farmer. 
Juhl, Gregus, farmer. 
TT^ENNEDY, J. A., farmer. 

KERR, ROBERT, farmer, Sec. 9 ; 
was born in Alleghany Co., Penn., in 
1822 ; removed to this county with his 
parents, Alexander and Isabel Kerr, 
in 1839. In 1853, he married Miss 
Ruth, daughter of Thomas and Mary 
Colwell, who came to Iowa in 1836 ; 
they have eight children — rAlexander 
D., William C, Olive, Clara, Robert 
Colwell, Walter Brown, Isaac Brrrett, 
Thomas Edwin, Mary Isabel. Mr. Kerr 
is a Republican ; he has held various 
offices ; is a member of the present Board 
of Township Trustees, which office he 
has filled for several terms ; himself and 
family are members of the U. P. 
Church. Mr. Kerr's farm contains over 
196 acres of land, being well-improved. 

Kritchel, James, farmer. 

T" AYTON, ERASTUS, farmer. 

liEE, G. W., farmer, Sec. 13 ; was 
born in Jennings Co., Ind. ; came to 
this county with his parents, Charles V. 
and Elizabeth Lee, who were pioneer 
settlers of Jackson Tp., in 1839. He 
married Miss Elizabeth Dwyer in Ap- 
panoose Co., Iowa, in 1859 ; they have 
nine children living. Mr. Lee acts with 
the Democratic party ; he has held va- 
rious school offices ; has resided in this 
township (Jackson) forty-one years. 

Lindner, Conrad, farmer. 

Lindner, Frederick, farmer. 

I.OCHHEAD, AL.EXAX- 
DER, farmer. Sec. 7 ; Mr. Lochhead 
is a native of f^cotland ; born near Glas- 
gow in 1828 ; came to America in 1850 ;. 
lived in Pennsylvania until 1851, then 
came to Keokuk. He married Miss 
Jane Lyon ; she was born in Kentucky -^ 
they were married in Keokuk ; have six 



JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 



721 



children — Isabel, Ellen, Alice, Fannie, 
Lucy and John. Mr. L. owns 90 acres 
of land ; he is a Republican. Mrs. 
Lochhead is a member of the U. P. 
Church. 

l^OOMIS, SARAH, MRS., 

(maiden name Sarah Chalfont), farming, 
Sec. 27 ; was born in Highland Co., 
Ohio, in 1822 ; removed tathis county 
with her parents, Abner and Ruth 
Chalfont, in 1841. In 1846, she mar- 
ried John Loomis, a native of New 
York, born Jan. 17, 1817 ; he came to 
this county in 1840, and resided here 
until his death, which occurred in Feb- 
ruary, 1875. He was a member of the 
Baptist Church, in the advancement of 
which he took an active interest. Their 
children living are Clara Ellen (now 
the wife of M. V. B. Walker, of this 
township), Caroline (wife of W. H. 
Wyatt), Laura and Alice. Mrs. Loomis 
owns 110 acres of land in this county, 
and 300 acres seven miles north of Can- 
ton, Mo.; she is a member of the Bap- 
tist Church. 

Lupton, Joseph A., farmer. 

ny /["ATTERNICH, CHRIS, gardener. 

Meister, Conrad, gardener. 
Merrick, Seth, farmer. 
/^'BLENIS, CHARLES, farmer. 

O'Blenis, D. A., farmer. 
Orr, David, farmer. 

JARKHURST, MOSES, farmer. 



P 



Parsons, A. L., student. 

Parsons, J. W., plasterer. 

PATTERSON, E. R., far., S. 19; 
was born in Livingston Co., N. Y., Aug. 
13, 1826 ; in 1840, he removed with 
his parents, George Gr. and Fannie Pat- 
terson, to this county ; in 1845, he re- 
turned to his native State, remaining 
until 1860, when he again came to 
Iowa, and has made it his home since. 
Mr. Patterson has been twice married ; 
first wife was Betsy C. Devoe ; present 
wife was Lucy A. Robinson ; has one 
child by first marriage — Josephine F., 
now Mrs. Adams ; five children by sec- 



ond marriage, three now living — Frank 
J., Minnie R., Gracie M. Mr. Patter- 
' son and wife are members of the Bap- 
tist Church ; he has held the ofl&ces of 
Deacon and Secretary several years ; he 
acts with the Republican party ; has 
held various local offices. Owns eighty 
acres of land. 

Peterson, Alfred, farmer. 

Proudly, George W., farmer. 

Prouty, Oscar, farmer. 

TDEIMER, BENEDICT, farmer. 

QCHNEIDER, ERASTUS, farmer. 

Scholtie, Henry, gardener. , 
Scholtie, Leopold, housemover. 
Sibald, John, farmer. 
Sikes, Henry, gardener. 
Sleeth, J. S., farmer. 

STEVENS, MANNING W.,far. 

was born in Litchfield Co., Conn., 
Dec. 30, 1823 ; remained in Litchfield 
and in the adjoining county in Massa- 
chusetts until 1852, when he came to 
this county ; in 1854, he married Miss 
Julia A. Wadsworth, a native of Berk- 
shire Co., Mass., born in 1832; they 
have six children — Mary M., Cecilia 
Irene, Charles M., Arthur S., Nellie M. 
and Julia R. Mr. Stevens has acted 
with the Republican party since its or- 
o-anization ; he owns 310 acres of land 
finely improved. 

Stonewall, Theo., farmer. 

nnURNER, JAMES, farmer. 

Turner, William H., farmer. 
TT^ANAUSDAL, ISAAC, farmer. 

Yandoren, James, farmer. 
TTTALKER, JAMES S., farmer. 

Walker, Van Buren, farmer. 
Way, N. P., farmer. 
Williams, John M., gardener. 
Weidlick, August, farmer. 
Welcome, John P., farmer. 
Wierather, John, gardener. 
Wooster, J. A., farmer. 

"Reiser, Abraham, gardener. 



722 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 

(P. O. FORT MADISON.) 



\ BEL JOHN, merchant. 

ARElfS, CASPER, insurance 
agent; was born in Prussia April 27, 
1834; he lived there until 16 years of 
age, and emigrated to America in 1850 
he came to Iowa the following year 
arrived in Fort Madison July 4, 1851 
he learned the cooper trade, and fol- 
lowed that business for some years ; he 
was engaged in the mercantile business 
for eight years, and for the past three 
years has been engaged in the insurance 
^business. He has held the office of city 
Alderman. He married Elizabeth Wen- 
ka, from Prussia, in March, 1859 ; she 
•was born Sept. 8, 1841 ; they have two 
children — Anna, who is married, and 
Theodore, born July 28, 1853. 
AliBRIC^HT, JACOB W., in- 
surance agent ; was born in Lancaster, 
Penn. Aug. 31, 1811 ; he was brought 
up in Pennsylvania, and served an ap- 
prenticeship as a printer in Harrisburg; 
he came to St. Louis in 1833, when 
that city contained only 8,000 people, 
and started the Evening Herald, the 
first newspaper published west of the 
Mississippi River ; in 1837, he removed 
to Illinois, and was engaged on public 
works for a few years, then went to 
Philadelphia, and married Miss Rachel 
J. Wilson, a native of that city, July 
5, 1840; they came to Iowa, and loca- 
ted in Fort Madison in the spring of 
1841 ; he engaged in the mercantile 
trade with his brother, W. Gr. Albright; 
<30ntinued in business twenty-eight 
years; since 1869, has been engaged in 
the insurance business. He has held 
the office of City Treasurer for three 
years; also City Alderman. They have 
three children — Katie, Jacob W., Jr., 
(in the Fort Madison Bank,) Daniel 
K. (in R. R. office in St. Louis) ; 
have lost four children. 
AIiBRI€^HT, R. W., dealer in 
books, stationery and fancy goods ; born 
in Reading, Penn., in June, 1813 ; he 
lived there until 1841, when he came 
to Iowa ; located in Fort Madison, and 
engaged in publishing the Fort Madison 



Courier ; he conducted it as an inde- 
pendent paper for six months, then 
changed the name to the Lee County 
Democrat, and continued until 1846, 
when he was elected the first Clerk of 
the county after the State was organ- 
ized ; since then he has been engaged in 
mercantile pursuits. He has held the 
office of Mayor of this city, and other 
town and school offices. He married 
Miss Catherine 0. Schoner, a native of 
Pennsylvania, in 1836 ; they have had 
six children, of whom three survive — 
John W., Robert W. and Katie. 
ALBRIGHT, WI1.I.IAM G., 
of the fii^ of William G. Albright & 
Son, merchants, dealers in dry goods and 
notions ; the senior partner of the oldest 
mercantile house in Fort Madison is 
William Gr. Albright; he was born in 
Berks Co., Penn., June 10,1816; he 
lived there until 14 years of age ; then 
went to Lancaster, and served an appren- 
ticeship in the dry goods trade, and re- 
mained there seven years ; he left Lan- 
caster March 8, 1837, and went to St. 
Louis ; came to Iowa and located in 
Fort Madison in the fall of 1839, and 
engaged in mercantile business, the firm 
being James Wilson & Co.; in 1841, his 
brother, J. W. Albright, bought out the 
interest of Wells and Wilson, and the 
firm became J. W. & W. G. Albright ; 
in 1 847, R. W. Albright, another brother, 
entered the firm, which was changed to 
Albright Brothers, and so continued un- 
til 1856, when R. W. withdrew ; in 
1864, J. W. withdrew from the firm, 
and the business was continued by Will- 
iam G. Albright; in 1867, his son 
Harry A. became interested in the busi- 
ness, the firm being William G. Albright 
& Son ; subsequently, he withdrew, and, 
in January, 1876, his son William G., 
Jr., became interested in the business, 
the firm name remaining unchanged ; 
Mr. Albright is one of the oldest mer- 
chants on the river, and has been actively 
identified with the interests and improve- 
ments of this city and county. He m >r- 
ried in November, 1841, Miss Cynthia 
White, daughter of Edward White, 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 



723 



Esq., one of the earliest settlers of Han- 
cock Co., 111.; they have six children — 
Harry A., Caroline (now Mrs. R. B. 
Hatch), Grace, William G-., Jr., Vir- 
ginia and Cynthia. Harry married a 
daughter of Joseph M. Edwards. Will- 
iam G., Jr., married Miss Annie J. Reed, 
of Council Bluffs. Members of the 
Presbyterian Church. 

Aldrich, S., salesman lumber-yard. 

AliLE:^, TIMOTHY, retired; 
was born in Hartford, Washington Co., 
N. Y., Sept. 13, 1823. There he mar- 
ried Miss Lucy Amelia Root, a native 
of Washington Co., N. Y., Dec. 18, 
1846 ; they came to Iowa and located 
in Lee Co. in November, 1855 ; they 
settled on a farm near West Point ; en- 
gaged in farming and continued fifteen 
years ; in 1873, Mr. and Mrs. Allen re- 
moved to the city, where he has built a 
large, pleasant home ; he still owns his 
farm of 333 acres ; they have an only 
child, a daughter — Celia P.; she married 
Mr. S. E. Stephenson Feb. 12, 1872 ; 
they live on the farm of Mr. Allen, near 
West Point. 

Alley, A. J., attorney. 

AMBORN, CONRAD, manufact- 
urer and dealer in furniture ; born in 
Byrne, Germany, Nov. 15, 1817, where 
he learned the furniture business. He 
married Louisa Deobald, of Germany, 
in 1847 ; they came to America in 
1850 ; arrived at Fort Madison June 
28, 1850 ; he engaged in the furniture 
business the following year ; was asso- 
ciated with his brother in business for 
fourteen years ; Mr. Amborn manufact- 
ures his furniture ; he made the furni- 
ture for the German American Bank, 
and manufactures as fine work as is 
made in the State. His son Conrad, Jr., 
is one of the most skilled workmen in 
the State ; draws all the designs for their 
best furniture, and is an expert carver. 
Mr. and Mrs. Amborn have nine chil- 
dren — Hannah, Josephine, Conrad, 
Louisa, Philip, Rudolph, Helen, Fred 
and Clara. 

Amborn, William, Sr., furniture. 

A^fDERSOlf, BEJfJAMIK^F., 
carpenter and builder ; was born in 
Montgomery Co., Ky., April 10, 1815 ; 
his parents removed to Quincy, 111., 
when he was 14 years of age ; lived 



there until he came to Iowa and settled 
in Dubuque, in April, 1833 ; he was 
brought up there, and learned the trade 
of carpenter and joiner ; while living 
there, he cast his first vote, for 
George W. Jones, of Dubuque, for 
delegate to Congress ; in the fall of 
1836, he came to Lee Co.; he lived in 
Van Buren Co. some years, and also 
several years in Mahaska Co., then re- 
turned- to Fort Madison, and since then 
has been engaged in building here ; Mr. 
Anderson has been a resident of Iowa 
forty-six years, and is one of the oldest 
residents of the State now living ; he 
helped build the first Methodist Church 
built in this State ; he has held the of- 
fices of Postmaster and Justice of the 
Peace. He married Louisa Davis, a 
native of Ohio, in April, 1849 ; they 
have five children — Attica (married), 
William Roy (conductor on railroad), 
Frances (engaged in teaching^, Letitia 
and William. 

Andrews, William J., carpenter. 

AiyOEAR, J. J. M., M. D., phy- 
sician and surgeon ; was born in En- 
gland Sept. 5, 1829 ; when 14 years of 
age, his parents came to America ; they 
located in Racine Co., Wis.; he attended 
school, then entered Racine College and 
completed his education, graduating 
with degree of Bachelor of Science ; he 
was the founder of the Berlin High 
School in Wisconsin, and was its Prin- 
cipal for four years ; he studied medi- 
cine and graduated at Rush Medical 
College, Chicago, in the spring of 1860. 
During the war, he was commissioned 
Surgeon by President Lincoln, and served 
two years. He came to Iowa and located 
in Fort Madison in 1866; in 1871, he was 
appointed Professor of Physiology and 
Pathology in the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons at Keokuk, and still fills 
that chair; in 1872, he received the de- 
gree of A. M. from his Alma Mater ; 
he has been President of the Commis- 
sion of Insanity of Lee Co. since its or- 
ganization, in 1870 ; he is a member of 
the State Medical Society and the 
American Medical Association, which 
body he represented in the British Med- 
ical Association, which met at Bath, 
England, in August, 1878 ; after the 
meetina;, he spent much time in tlie 

3 



T24 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY; 



hospitals of London and Paris ; he is 
author of a number of articles in the 
medical journals and State reports, and 
is a popular lectiirer ; he has one of the 
best medical libraries in the State ; Dr. 
Angear has given mxich attention to 
microscopy, and has one of the finest 
instruments in the State, or. indeed, the 
West ; he is frequently called upon to 
testify in coi;rts as a scientific expert. 
He is a Republican. He married Miss 
Sophia Smith April 19, 1855; she is a 
native of Kacine Co., Wis., and is a 
daughter of Benjamin B. Smith, who 
was one of the earliest settlers of that 
county, who came there in 1S3G ; Mrs. 
Angear is one of the first persons born 
in Kacine Co.; Dr. and Mrs. Angear 
have two sons — William J. S., born 
March 27, 18G3, and Benjamin Horace, 
born Jan. 29, 1871. 

ANTHES, GEORGE, proprietor 
Central Hotel, Front street, opposite 
the depiot; was born in Shelbyville, 
Shelby Co., Ind., March 21, 1840; 
when only 4 years of age, liis parents 
removed to St. Louis, and he was 
brought up there ; he came to Iowa and 
settled in Fort Madison, and has been 
enjjaged in the hotel business for a num- 
ber of years ; he built the present large 
and commodious house known as the 
Central House in 1874, and opened it 
to the traveling public Jan. 1, 1875, 
and it has the reputation of being one 
of the best hotels in the State, and is 
justly entitled to it. During the war, 
he enlisted in the 5th Regt. L V. C., 
but only remained away ashort time, on 
account of sickness. He married Miss 
Annie Leetje in St. Louis, Mo., in June, 
1860 ; they have five children — George 
P., Amelia, Charlie, Albert and Eliza- 
beth. 

Appleton, Charles H., painter. 

Areus, Casper, insurance. 

Arnold, William B., retired. 

AlIWAERTER, JOHK M., 
wagon-maker; was born in Germany 
July 19, 18oo ; there learned the trade 
of wagon-making ; emigrated to Amer- 
ica in 1853 ; lived in Ohio two years ; 
came to Iowa and located in Fort Mad- 
ison in 1855, and began working at his 
trade, and since then has been engaged 
in Lis present business. He married 



Miss Elizabeth Faeth, from Germany, 
Oct. 25, 1859; they have seven chil- 
dren — Lizzie, Katie, Anna, Ellen, 3Liry, 
Eddie and Willie ; they lost one son. 
ATLEE, JOHN C, native of 
Maryland, was born on the 22d day of 
March, 1810, the son of Samuel J. and 
Martha Atlee ; several years prior to his 
birth, his parents had removed from 
Lancaster Co., Penn.; upon the death 
of his mother, which occurred when he 
was only a few weeks old, he was left 
to the care of his grandmother, who 
lived at the old home of his parents in 
Pennsylvania ; there he remained until 
he attained his 12th year ; and after 
the death of his grandmother, he lived 
first with his uncle, Henry Stickler, and 
afterward with an older brother, Will- 
iam A. Atlee ; at the age of 1 6, he was 
apprenticed to his brother, Jacob C. 
Atlee, to learn the carpenter's trade ; 
he continued thus employed during the 
next two years, and at the expiration of 
that time, his brother retiring from bus- 
iness, he went to Philadelphia to finish 
his ti-ade ; soon afterward, in 1835, he 
went to New York, and there worked 
one year at his trade ; in 1830, he went 
by sea to Mobile, Alabama, and thence 
hy Lake Pontchartraiu to New Orleans , 
he did not like the South, however as 
he had anticipated, and leaving New 
Orleans, he went up the Mississippi to 
St. Louis, and finally settled for a 
short time at Quincy, 111.; in 1837, he 
spent a few months at Fort Madison, 
and was so thoroughly pleased with the 
place that he determined to make it his 
future home. Going to Quincy, he 
was there married to Miss Emeliue S. 
Brooks, and immediately returning to 
Fort Madison, established himself at 
his trade, and continued it with good 
success for six years ; having accumu- 
lated from his hard-earned savings a 
sufficient capital, he purchased a farm 
within a few miles of town, and for 
several years employed himself in agri- 
cultural pursuits ; returning to Fort 
Madison in 1852, he formed a co-part- 
nership with his brother, Isaac B. Atlee, 
and during the next two years carried 
on a successful lumber trade ; extend- 
ing his operations in 1854, he, in com- 
pany witli Nathaniel Beunet, built the 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 



725 



first steam saw-mill that was erected at 
Fort Madison, and was doing a very 
prosperous business until 1856 and 
1857, when tliey became somewhat in- 
volved and embarrassed in the financial 
crisis that swept over the country dur- 
ing those years; however, by close at- 
tention to business, and a course of 
economy and strict integrity, they 
avoided the serious consequences which 
befell many business men ; Mr. Atlee 
afterward purchased the interest of his 
partner, and associated with himself his 
son Samuel, and from that time until 
the present, the business has been con- 
ducted under the firm name of S. & J. 
C. Atlee; the business tact, cool judg- 
ment and clear foresight of Mr. Atlee 
are best attested by the growth of his 
business ; the mill, in all its appoint- 
ments, is inferior to none on the 
Mississippi River; at the time when 
the son became associated in the busi- 
ness, it was producing about 15,000 
feet of lumber per day ; at the present 
time the mill has a capacity of 55,000 
feet of lumber per day, and of 20,000,- 
000 of shingles and -4,000,000 of lath per 
year, and employs 150 men. In local 
enterprise, Mr. Atlee has been some- 
what active, and heartily co-operates in 
all matters pertaining to the growth and 
prosperity of his city ; personally and 
socially, he is a man of excellent quali- 
ties, and throughout his life has main- 
tained an adherence to those principles 
of honor and fair dealing that have se- 
cured to him the confidence and esteem 
of all with whom he has had to do ; he 
has accumulated a handsome fortune, 
and lives in the enjoyment of a happy 
home ; he has four children — Samuel 
J., (mentioned above), William H., (who 
is book-keeper for the firm), Martha and 
Maggie. . 

Atlee, Isaac R., merchant. 

ATIiEE, SAMUEL, of the firm 
of S. & J. C Atlee, manufacturers and 
dealers in lumber, sash, doors and blinds ; 
was born in Ft. Madison, Oct. 29, 1838, 
and is one of the oldest natives of Fort 
Madison now living here ; his father, 
John C. Atlee, is one of the oldest, 
most honored and enterprising citizens 
in Lee County. Samuel received his 
education here and entered his father's 



mills, soon after becoming associated 
with him in the business ; now has the 
active management of the business ; 
they employ about one hundred and 
fifty men and boys, and have a capacity 
of manufacturing 12,000,000 feet an- 
nually ; are the largest manufacturers 
of lumber in this section of the State. 
Mr. Atlee married Miss Nancy M. 
Wright, a native of this State, Jan. 20, 
1867. 

I Atlee, William H., book-keeper. 

j "13 AHME. Christ., vineyard. 

I BACON, JAMES H., DR., 

1 capitalist; was born in Washington Co., 
j Tenn., July 19, 1816 ; he was brought 
I up and received his education in that 
I State ; he studied medicine and, after 
graduating, practiced medicine in Nash- 
I ville for some years ; in 1840, he came 
i to Illinois, located at Macomb, and 
i remained there eleven years, and then 
i came to Iowa and settled in Ft. Madi- 
son in 1851 , and practiced here for seven 
i years; in 1861, he engaged in banking 
i here, with Judge Johnson, of Keokuk, 
I and they continued together for ten 
j years, when Dr. Bacon retired on ac- 
1 count of his health, and bought a tract 
I of land and improved it, in Green Bay 
! Tp ; the farm contains 1,200 acres, and 
is known as"Bayview;" the improve- 
ments have cost $25,000 ; his son James 
H., Jr., lives on it. Dr. Bacon is a 
prominent member of the Christian 
Church, and preached for twenty years, 
in Illinois and Iowa ; he married Sarah 
Lester, from Dayton, Ohio, in May, 
1839 ; she died Dec. 25, 1878, leaving 
; son, James H. Bacon, Jr.; they lost one 
I daughter, Alice James H. Bacon, Jr., 
was born in Macomb, 111., June 13, 
I 1849; when 2 years of age, his pareuts 
■ came here, where he was brought up, and 
attended school ; completing his educa- 
tion at Abingdon, Knox Co., 111., where 
he took his collegiate course ; he mar- 
i ried Miss Lizzie Case, of Ft. Madison, 
I May 16, 1871 ; they live on his father's 
j " Bayview Farm ;" they have two chii- 
j dren — James M., born July 8, 1872, 
and Alpha, born Jan. 1, 1874. 
BAKER, CHARJLES O., homeo- 
pathic physician and surgeon ; was born 
in Norwich, Chenango Co., N. Y. 



726 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



June 8, 1849 ; when 14 years of age. 
lie removed to Michigan, where he at- 
tended school ; he entered the Univer- 
sity of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where 
he received his classical education ; he 
studied medicine, and graduated in the 
medical department of that institution ; 
the spring of 1878, after spending a 
few months in Keokuk, he came to Ft. 
Madison, and since then has practiced 
his profession here. 

Banger, Frank, far., Sec. 5. 

Bardt, Hem*y, miller. 

Bauder, Gleorge, saw-filer. 

Bechrens, Martin, carpenter. 

Beck, A., laborer. 

BECK, JOSEPH MARCUS, 
HOI^., was born April 21, 1823, in 
Clermont Co., Ohio; he was the youn- 
gest of eight children, whose parents 
were Samuel Beck and Hannah Morris, 
who were prosperous as agriculturists, 
and distinguished for piety, both earnest 
members of the Baptist Church ; his 
mother was a daughter of Isaac Morris, 
of Virginia, and a brother of Senator 
Morris, of Ohio, distinguished as an 
early and fearless advocate of human 
freedom, and for his opposition to the 
monstrous anomaly of a slave-holding 
republic ; the Morris branch of the 
family were of Welch extraction, and the 
Beck of English ; his education was ac- 
complished by his own exertion ; teach- 
ing school, with other employments of 
an honorable nature, gave him the 
means of securing a thorough education 
at Hanover College, which institution 
he left in 1843, and began teaching as 
Principal of the seminary at Vernon, 
Ind.; remained for one academical year, 
then removed to Kentucky, where he 
taught two years ; read law in Madison, 
Ind., in the office of Miles C. Eggle- 
stone, distinguished, at that time, as an 
eminent jurist, and, in 1846, was ad- 

' mitted to the bar ; after teaching school 
six months in Kentucky, he came to 
Lee County, Iowa, settled in Montrose 
and practiced for two years ; in 1850, he 
came to Fort Madison ; in 1852, was 
elected Prosecuting Attorney and also 
Mayor of Fort Madison ; in 1867, was 
elected Judge of the Supreme Court ; 
served six years ; in 1873, having re- 
ceived the nomination of the convention 



without a dissenting voice, he was re- 
elected ; he is now Chief Justice of the 
Supreme Bench. In 1854, he was 
united in marriage to Clara C. Rine- 
hart, daughter of Dr. William Rinehart, 
of Fort Madison ; they had three chil- 
dren, two still living — William J. R. 
Beck, who is reading law with his 
father, and Vallie E., now attending 
Glendale College, near Cincinnati ; will 
graduate in June, 1879 ; in politics, the 
Judge is a strong Republican, but his 
first vote was for Henry Clay ; he has 
always been Antislavery, and when 
young, engaged in teaching school in a 
slave-holding State at a time when the 
advocacy of the rights of the black man 
was perilous ; was distinguished for his 
manly and fearless attacks oh the evil 
of human servitude ; the Judge pos- 
sesses a powerful mathematical mind ; 
when pursuing his collegiate education, 
he was remarkable for his proficiency in 
mathematics; it will be only justice to 
remark that he was prominent as a 
scholar in all his classes. He is a mem- 
ber of the Baptist Church, which he 
joined when quite young; was Superin- 
tendent of a Sabbath school in his youth, 
while pursuing his first legal studies ; 
from that time forward, he has taken a 
great interest in the Sunday-school 
cause ; he is distinguished for his inter- 
est in education and our common schools, 
as one of the great institutions of the 
land ; he has always led a temperate 
life ; temperance in language, action and 
intercourse, is, with him, a natural char- 
acteristic ; his life has been one of cease- 
less activity and industry ; and his as- 
siduous attention to the legal interests of 
the commonwealth, within the province 
of the Supreme Court, is a matter of ad- 
miration to his intimate legal acquaint- 
ances ; in society, the Judge is earnest; 
the educational discipline imparted to 
his mind by studies of a mathematical 
and abstract nature, have given it a 
a permanent bias ; it may be said with 
truth that on " his features sits delibera- 
tion and public care." His constitution 
is yet robust, and his labors appear to 
have left unimpaired a body of more 
than natural vigor. 

Beck, Valentine, basket-maker. 

Becker, Charles, blacksmith. 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 



727 



Beckert, Joseph, farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. 
Madison. 

Behrens, Conrad, shoemaker. 

Beimer, Anton, carpenter. 

Beimer, Henry, carpenter. 

Beine, Stephen, shoemaker. 

Benbow, J. VV., s;rain and elevator. 

BE^DIiAGE, JOHN B., cooper ; 
was born in Hanover, Germany, Dec. 22, 
1826, where he learned the carpenter's 
trade ; he emigrated to America, and 
landed at New Orleans, March 4, 1845, 
thence went to Cincinnati, and learned 
the cooper's trade ; in 1849, he moved 
to St. Louis ; came to Iowa, and located 
in Fort Madison June 16, 1855 ; he 
worked at his trade two years, then 
engaged in business for himself; has 
continued in business for over twenty 
years and has built up a large business ; 
he manufactures 6,000 lard tierces, 1,000 
pork barrels and 10,000 apple and egg 
barrels yearly ; when he came to this 
country, he only had two 5-franc pieces ; 
he has held the office of City Alderman 
for eight years ; also, has represented the 
county in the Board of Supervisors ; has 
been Town Trustee. He married Miss 
Elizabeth Menke, from Germany, Oct. 
7, 1849; they have six children — Kate, 
Hermon, John, Theodore, Henry, Eliz- 
abeth — have lost six children. 

Bennet, Stephen, boatman. 

Bendlage, J. B., cooper. 

Bergman, Io;natius, teacher Catholic school. 

BERNHARD, EDWARD, of 
the firm of Peters & Bernhard, Potowo- 
nok Mills ; born in Prussia Jan. 22, 
J 818; there learned the baker's trade; 
he emigrated to America in 1854 ; came 
to Iowa; lived in Burlington three years ; 
came to Fort Madison in 1857 ; was in 
the bakery business seven years ; in 
1868, he engaged in the milling business 
with Mr. Peters ; they built the lai'ge 
mill now operated by them and do an 
extensive business. He married Mrs. 
Dorothy Woolgast, from Germany, in 
1870 ; his wife had two children — Henry 
and Charlie. 

Biethan, Fred, merchant. 

BI.ACKBUR5f, JACOB C, 

DR., Auditor of Lee County ; was born 
in Cincinnati, Ohio, Jan. 8, 1832 ; he 
received his education there, studied 
medicine, and graduated at the Cincin- 



nati College of Medicine and Surgery, in 
February, 1856; after graduating, prac- 
ticed in Cincinnati for seven years ; came 
to Iowa, and located in Fort Madison in 
August, 1863 ; engaged in the practice 
of his profession and continued it until 
he was elected Auditor of Lee County, 
in the fall of 1873 ; he was re-elected to 
the same office in the fall of 1875, and 
again in the fall of 1877, each time being 
elected by the largest majority of any 
officer in the county. He married Miss 
Eleanor Davey, of Newport, Ky., May 
20, 1855 ; they have had four children, 
and lost them all in infancy ; they have 
one adopted son, W. G. Davey. 

Blender, Joseph, far., Sec. 2. 

BONXEIili, JOHN W., retired ; 
was born in EssexCo., N. J., Julyl4,1812; 
he was brought up and lived there until 
31 years of age, when he and two of his 
brothers emigrated to Iowa, and located 
in Lee County, in October, 1843 ; the 
following spring, two other brothers came 
here ; they engaged in the mercantile 
business here, and in Salem, Henry 
County, two years after, they bought a 
large tract of land, about 1,500 acres; 
engaged in farming and continued in 
this way for five or six years, then they 
divided up their property ; John contin- 
ued farming until within a few years ; 
he has rented his land and removed to 
Fort Madison ; with his brother, owns 
about 600 acres of good land. He married 
Bosanna Houver, from this county, in 
1857 ; she died the following year. He 
married Eliza M. Pittman in April, 
1864 ; she is a daughter of W. G. Pitt- 

• man, one of the earliest settlers of Lee 
County ; they have had four children, 
only one son survives — Burton, born 
Feb. 22, 1872. 

Borgman, George, teamster. 

Brandes, William, gardener. 

Breidenbend, H., merchant. 

BREWSTER, CHAREES, 
President of the Fort Madison Bank ; 
was born in Ireland in 1813; when 
only 12 years of age, with his grand- 
father, he emigrated to America and 
was brought up in Philadelphia ; he 
afterward removed to Indiana, lived 
there six years, came to Iowa and located 
in Fort Madison in 1844; he engaged 
in mercantile trade and successfully con- 



728 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



ducted that business for thirty-two years ; 
there are only one or two merchants 
here who have been in business the same 
length of time; in 1876, he associated 
with Dr. J. A. Smith and engaged in 
the banking business ; he is also a large 
landholder ; when Mr. Brewster began life 
ho had nothing, and, since he was 12 
years old, he has cared for himself and 
owes his success in life to his own eflForts, 
and is a man of strict integrity in all 
his dealings. He has been twice mar- 
ried ; his first wife was Margaret Badol- 
ler, of Vincennes, Ind. ; she died in 
1852 ; in 1855, he married his present 
wife, Eliza J. DeForest, of Sharon, 
Penn. ; they have three children — James, 
William and Martha. 

Bricker, James E., millwright. 

Brockelman, Stephen, carpenter. 

Brown, A. P., stationery and books. 

Brown. Daniel T., stationery and books. 

BUCHHOLZ, ROBERT P., 
barber and hair-dresser ; was born in 
Germany on the 12th of February, 1840 ; 
when 15 years of age, he came to 
America, to Iowa the same year, and 
settled in Lee Co. in 1855 ; he lived in 
Keokuk for six years; he established 
his business here in 1864, and has built 
up a good business ; he has the oldest 
business and the largest trade in his 
line in town. He married Miss Lizzie 
Fricke, a native of Fort Madison, in 
April, 1872, they have four children — 
Emma, William, Minnie and a little boy 
not named. 

Buchholz, William, paper hanger. 

Buckingham, George, laborer. 

Buckler, Frank, cooper. 

Buckler, Herman, mechanic. 

Buckler, Stephen, cooper. 

BUECHEI., VALEXTINE, re 
tired; was born in Prussia June 11, 
1826, and educated there ; he emigrated 
to America in 1848, and went back to 
Prussia, but returned to America, came 
to Iowa and located in Fort Madison 
Aug. 19, 1850, and engaged in the 
grocery business; in 1851, he engaged 
in teaching, and continued until 1859, 
when he was elected to the State Senate 
and filled that ofiice during two sessions; 
he has held ofl&ce of Deputy Clerk of 
the Courts for two years, Deputy County 
Treasurer six years and also Deputy 



Recorder; he has held school offices for 
many years, and now holds office of City 
Alderman. He married Dorothea Dag- 
enhardt, from Germany, in the fall of 
1850 ;, they have had ten children, only 
three survive — Mary E,., Catharine A., 
Amelia C. 

Buehrig, Charles, boots and shoes. 

Buehrig, F., boots and shoes. 

Bueseher, Christ, butcher. 

Buescher, J. G., farmer ; Sec. 5. 

Bueseher, John G., carpenter. 

BULLiARD, A. J.,far.,S. 6; born in 
Des Moines Co., Iowa, May 19, 1835; 
came with his parents to Lee Co., May, 
1836 ; they were among the early set- 
tlers of this county. Married Miss 
Amanda Walker in 1859 ; she was a na- 
tive of York State; died April 4,1868; 
he married again. Miss Fannie Sniveley 
in 1870 ; born in Lee Co., Iowa, in 1 847 ; 
has three children by former wife — 
Matilda, James and Rachel, and two 
dead — Oliver and Ellen ; and by pres- 
ent wife, four — Charley, John, The- 
ophilus and Sarah J. Owns 270 acres of 
land. Mr. and Mrs. Bullard are mem- 
bers of Methodist Church ; Mr. Bullard 
is a Democrat. 

Bullard, James, farmer. Sec. 7. 

Bullard, James, farmer. 

BURSTER, Al^TON, proprietor of 
Concordia Brewery ; was born in Wittem- 
berg, Germany, Oct. 26, 1825 ; he there 
learned the trade of stone-cutter ; in 
1847, when 22 years of age, he emi- 
grated to America, and lived in Chicago 
for three years, and also lived in St. 
Louis and New Orleans a short time, and 
came to Fort Madison in 1851, and 
began working at stone-cutting ; in 1865, 
he engaged in his present business, and 
has continued it since then ; he has held 
the office of City Alderman and has just 
been re-elected. He married Miss Au- 
gusta Henneberg, from Germany, Dec. 
10, 1853; they have had nine children; 
six survive — Adolph, Otto, Julius, 
Louise, Ernest and Emma. 

BUTTERFIEI^B, MANL.Y 
T., Clerk of the State Penitentiary; 
was born in Franklin Co., Me., June 
29, 1836 ; his parents removed to Dear- 
born Co., Ind., where he lived until 
1857, when he came to Iowa, located in 
Lee Co., and engaged in teaching school ; 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 



729 



was afterward engaged in farming ; he 
continued farming and teaching until 
1872 ; then removed to Fort Madison 
and was in the mercantile business for 
six years and was appointed to his pres- 
ent position. He married Miss Sarah 
E. Tibbetts, a native of Indiana, Oct. 
28, 1858 ; Mr. Butterfield has held the 
office of County Supervisor and other 
town and school offices. 

Butz, John, wagon-maker. 

i^AROL, FRANK, far., Sec. 8. 

Carroll, Frank, laborer. 
Case, Morton, grocer. 
CAMPBELL, J. W., now a resi- 
dent of Ft. Madison, Lee Co., Iowa, 
was born on the North Fabius, Lewis 
Co., Mo., June 17, 1825, and became 
a resident of Lee Co., Iowa, in October 
1 830, and is to-day the second oldest in- 
habitant living in the county ; while re- 
siding at Keokuk, in his boyhood days, 
he devoted a large share of his time to 
catching catfish and drift logs ; this 
occupation inclined him in after years 
to a nautical life, and, in 1844, he 
shipped on board the steamer Mermaid 
in St. Louis, to learn to pilot on the Up- 
per Mississippi River ; he followed this 
occupation until 1851, when he was 
promoted to the position of Master of the 
steamer Badger State, plying between 
St. Louis and G-alena; in succeeding 
jears, he commanded the following 
boats: Hindoo, in 1852 ; Envoy, 1853 
to 1856 ; he built and commanded the 
Henry Clay in 1857 and 1858 ; City 
Belle and Kate Cassell in 1859 and 
1860 ; Flora, in 1861 ; Fannie Harris, 
In 1862 ; Jenny Whipple, iu 1863 and 
1864 ; Keithsburg, in 1865 and 1869 ; 
l)uilt and commanded the steamer Rock 
Island in 1870 to 1871, and, in October 
•of this year, after spending twenty-seven 
years on the waters of the Upper Missis- 
sippi, he voluntarily stepped down and 
off the hurricane deck, and requested 
President Rhodes, of the Northern Line 
Packet Company, to fill his place with 
Capt. Albert Woempner, who had at 
one time been an apprentice pilot with 
him on the steamer Envoy. There are 
probably living in Iowa at this time 
50,000 persons who have been guests of 
Capt. J. W. Campbell during his career 



as a steamboatman ; for many of these 
people he entertains a kindly regard, and 
feels assured the friendship is recipro- 
cated. In 1871, he secured the origi- 
nal autographs of all the prominent boat- 
men on the Upper Mississippi from 1819 
to 1871, and arranged them as au auto- 
graphical chart, and presented it to the 
Historical Society of Iowa, at Iowa City, 
endeavoring thereby to perpetuate the 
names of many good and generous 
pioneer boatmen who would have soon 
been forgotten. The writer of this 
sketch is more indebted to him and his 
father, Isaac R. Campbell, for informa- 
tion in regard to the pioneer history of 
Lee Co. than any other authorities ; they 
seem to have forgotten nothing relating 
to the county, or the men who have 
lived in it. Capt. J. W. Campbell mar- 
ried Miss Eliza J. Eversole, in St. Louis, 
in 1849, with whom he is now passing 
along the journey of life with all the 
happiness that man can ask ; he has" three 
sons— J. W. Campbell, Jr., B. H. 
Campbell and I. R. Campbell, whom he 
is endeavoring to train up to be 
good and useful men. In the years 
1872 and 1874, Capt. Campbell built 
several graiuhouses on the B. & S. W. 
R. R., in Van Buren, Davis and Appa- 
noose Cos., and has bought and shipped, 
in the past year, to Chicago and St. 
Louis, about 300,000 bushels of grain. 
CAMPBELL, ISAAC R., re- 
tired; P. 0. St. Francisville, Mo.; Mr. 
Campbell was born in Oneida Co., N. 
Y., May 2, 1798, cotemporaneously 
with the erection of the first house in 
Utica; the day Mr. C. was born, his 
father hauled the shingles that covered 
that first house ; at the age of 18 years, 
the subject of this sketch left home 
with the intention of engaging in nau- 
tical pursuits, and went as far as Al- 
bany, and from thence to Pittsfield, 
Mass., to visit an uncle, where he spent 
the winter ; his uncle persuaded him to 
abandon his seafaring intentions, and, in 
the following spring, he engaged as a 
laborer on the construction of the Erie 
Canal ; he afterward went to Pennsyl- 
vania, where he remained a short time, 
and then went to the vicinity of Wells- 
ville, Ohio, where he became an em- 
ploye in a stillhouse ; one evening when 



730 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



he desired to go courting, he turned a 
hot slop out into the hog-troughs, and 
started on his mission of wooing ; when 
he returned home early the next morning, 
before hi^ employer was out of bed, he 
found the hogs all dead ; anticipating 
the displeasure of the owner of the 
stillhouse, he packed his worldly goods 
in a cotton handkerchief, and, without 
waiting for a settlement and to receive 
the wages due him, Mr. C. started for 
other quarters ; he shipped as cook on 
a keelboat, under the command of Col. 
Kinney, and finally landed at the mouth 
of the Wyaconda, Missouri Territory ; 
there he became a " jack-of-all-trades," 
tinker, shoemaker, farm laborer, etc. 
In 1823, he married Miss Sarah White, 
and settled down to the improvement of 
a tract of forty acres of land, of which 
he had become the owner. In 1825, 
he sold his little farm, and in October 
of that year, loaded his household 
effects on a couple of canoes and " pad- 
dled " up to the present site of Nauvoo, 
at which place he remained until 1830, 
keeping a boarding-house, working at 
shoemaking, keelboating to the lead 
mines at Galena, etc.; in 1830, he sold 
out his possessions at Nauvoo, whert! he 
had lived five years, and returned to 
Ah-wi-pe-tuck, now Nashville, Lee Co.; 
he remained there until the spring of 
1831, and then in April, I'emoved to 
Puck-e-she-tuck, now Keokuk, where 
he engaged with Dr. Samuel C. Muir, 
as an Indian trader ; during his resi- 
dence in Illinois and Iowa, he held 
negro slaves ; in 1834, he applied to 
Hon. Mr. Spaulding, M. C, from Penn- 
sylvania, to secure the passage of an 
act to enable the half-breeds to dispose 
of their reservation ary rights in the 
Half-Breedlands,which comprised a large 
part of Lee County ; the act was passed, 
immediately after which Mr. C. organ- 
ized the St. Louis Land Company, con- 
sisting of J. and E. AValsh, of St. 
Louis, J. H. Overhall, of St. Charles, 
Mo., and Col. Crossman, U. S. A., and 
himself, and purchased the first claim 
ever sold, from Isaac Antyer ; in 1836, 
he sold one-half of his interest in Puck- 
e-she-tuck, consisting of a ''potato- 
patch " of a few acres, to Dr. Isaac 
Golland; in 1838, he disposed of his 



remaining interest in the Half-Breed 
Tract, consisting of one-thirteenth part 
of 119,000 acres of Half-Breed lands 
to Dr. Golland, a man named Knight 
and Joseph Smith, the Mormon Prophet,, 
for the sum of $14,000; of this- 
amount, $2,000 was paid down, in old 
chairs, horses, carriages, etc.; he failed 
to take a mortgage on the lands to se- 
cure the payment of the balance and 
lost the whole amount ; he still holds 
the notes of Golland, Knight and Smith 
as souvenirs of the friendship that 
once existed between him and them ; in 
1837, in consequence of the Antislav- 
ery feeling in Iowa, he removed to St. 
Francisville, Mo., where he still resides ; 
he is now in the 81st year of his age,- 
and in full possession of good health 
and all his faculties, except his hearing -^ 
he is an active old man, and no weather 
will keep him indoors all day ; he must 
be out, and spends at least one-half of 
each day in working around among his 
trees and shrubs and in his garden ; he 
has lived within thirty miles of his 
present home ever since 1820 — fifty-^ 
nine years ; in that time he has made 
and lost several fortunes, but no man 
ever suffered the loss of a single dollar 
by him ; from the time he landed from 
Col. Kinney's keelboat, at the mouth of 
the Wyaconda, until the years bore too 
heavily on his shoulders, he was en- 
gaged in active business pursuits ; he 
was always liberal and enterprising, 
hospitable and charitable, and many i& 
the man and woman that had occasion' 
to thank Isaac R. Campbell for relief in 
times of distress and want ; no one ever 
applied to him for relief and went 
away empty-handed ; from the time he 
killed the stillhouse hogs at Wellsville,- 
Ohio, by feeding them hot slops, to the 
present, he has never been intoxicated,, 
although he has handled thousands of bar- 
rels of liquors ; it is safe to assume that 
he has outlived at least 50,000 men who- 
were cotemporaneous with him since 
he first ascended the Mississippi River 
and cast his fortunes in Missouri Ter- 
ritory. 
CASEY, JOSEPH M., HON. 
firm of Casey & Hobbs, attorneys ; Jo- 
seph M. Casey, a native of Adair Co.^ 
Ky., was born on the 25th of March^ 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 



731 



1827 ; the youngest of a family of six 
children. His grandfather was one of 
the pioneers of Kentucky, and his father, 
Green Casey, was the first male child 
born in Adair Co. His mother, Jane, 
nee Patterson, was a native of Rock- 
bridge Co., Va. Both of his parents 
were well educated, and zealous mem- 
bers of the Presbyterian Church. When 
Joseph was 11 years old, his father 
died, leaving his family in moderate cir- 
cumstances. He received a good aca- 
demical education, and at the age of 17 
began the study of law in the office of 
Judge John F. Kinney, who was then 
a prominent jurist in Lee Co., Iowa, and 
who afterward became Judge of the 
Supreme Court of Iowa. After a three- 
years course of diligent and thorough 
study, young Casey, in 1847, was ad- 
mitted to the bar, and settling in Keokuk 
Co., was at once elected Prosecuting At- 
torney. He held that office for five 
years, and in that time established an 
enviable reputation as a prosecutor and 
a lawyer. In October, 1859, he was 
elected County Judge of Keokuk Co., 
and satisfactorily performed the duties 
of his office until April, 1861. Desiring, 
however, to make Fort Madison his per- 
manent home, he removed thither, ar- 
riving on the 12th of April of the last- 
named year, leaving a lucrative practice 
and many true friends. Although Judge 
Casey's attention has been devoted 
mainly to the practice of his profession, 
he has yet found time for literary cult- 
ure. He was for two years editor of 
the Iowa Democrat, while a resident of 
Keokuk Co., and for three years editor 
of the Fort Madison Plaindealer. In 
po itical sentiment he has always been 
an uncompromising Democrat, and cast 
his first vote for Gen. Cass. But 
although he has firmly adhered to and 
advocated the principles of his party, he 
has never been so biased by .political 
prejudice as not to willingly allow those 
who differed from him the peaceful en- 
joyment of their opinions, recognizing 
the fact that men may honestly differ in 
their views. As a consequence, he has 
many warm personal friends among men 
with whose political views he has no 
sympathy. Personally Judge Casey is 
kind, courteous and affable. He has a 



decidedly mathematical turn of mind>- 
and his arguments, especially those be- 
fore the Supreme Court, have been 
styled by superior jurists, as models of 
logical strength and literary excellence. 
He has taken a prominent stand in the 
Masonic fraternity, and been honored 
with the highest offices of the craft. As 
a Royal Arch Mason, he is acknowl- 
edged to have few superiors. He has ta- 
ken a deep interest in educational matters, 
and in all public enterprises tending to the 
prosperity of his city he has co-operated 
to the extent of his ability. He has. 
twice filled the office of Mayor. As a 
lawyer, his aim has been to be true and 
faithful to his clients. He resolved, 
when he began his jjractice, that he 
would never resort to deception or dis- 
honesty, and has rigidly adhered to his 
principles, so that courts and jurie- 
never doubt the sincerity of his argus 
ments, and it has become a common say- 
ing for safe counsel and honest advice, 
go to Judge Casey. His life has been 
spent in the interests of his fellow-men,^ 
with a full realization of the truth that 
while he should seek to develop in him-^ 
self a true manhood, he should do all in 
his power to assist others. Such has 
been his course of life, and his dealings 
with all with whom he has to do, that he 
has secured to himself universal confi- 
dence and respect. Judge Casey mar- 
ried in 1854 Miss Sarah J. Ward, a na- 
tive of Ohio, and daughter of Thomas 
and Nancy Ward. They have had five 
children, four of whom are now living. 
Such, in brief, is an outline of the life- 
history of one whose career has been 
marked by enterprise, energy, pure mo- 
tives and honest effort. He has made 
himself what he is, a worthy type of in- 
dependent manhood, and may justly be 
placed upon Iowa's roll of honor. 

Cattermole, A. C, pork-packer. 

Cattermole, Henry, banker. 

Chambers, George, minister. 

Chambers, 0. F.,\ engineer. 

Chambers, Thos. C, plow factory. 

Chamberlin, M. S., insurance. 

Chegka, Joseph, farmer, Sec. 5. 

Chott, Peter, tailor; musician. 

COIiE, A. J., M. D., physician and 
surgeon; was born in Seneca Co., N. 
Y., Nov. 8, 1837 ; when 12 years of 



732 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY; 



age, went with his parents to Michigan ; 
he received his education at Ann Ar- 
bor ; studied medicine, and graduated 
at the Michigan University in 1860. 
Upon the breaking out of the rebellion 
in 1861, he was commissioned Surgeon 
of the 14th Reg. Mich. Inf. ; was in 
the servi'^'e until 1865, then returned 
and practiced medicine in Ann Arbor 
until ] 872, when he came to Fort Mad- 
ison, and since then has practiced his 
profession here. He is United States 
Examining Surgeon for Pensions. 

COBfRAD, CHARLES, meat- 
market ; was born in Germany Dec. 29, 
1819 ; he emigrated to America in 
1840 ; he was on the river about seven 
years ; he came to Iowa and settled at 
Fort Madison in 1847, and engaged in 
his present business, and has continued it 
since then — thirty-two years ; he has the 
longest-established meat-market in Lee 
Co. He married Miss Barbara E. 
Ruckerman, from Bavaria, Germany, in 
August, 1849 ; they have six children 
— George, Charles, Harry, Albert, John 
and Jeannette. 

CORIELL, JlJIilAlV D., grocer; 
born in Dubuque in March, 1840 ; when 
10 years of age, his parents came to Ft. 
Madison, where he was brought up ; his 
father was one of the Government Com- 
missioners who laid out this city. Julian 
enlisted July, 1861, 7th Beg. Iowa Inf., 
Co. D ; served eighteen months ; after- 
ward served two years in the Navy ; af- 
ter the war, he was engaged in the book 
and stationery business ; he went to 
Montana, thence to California ; remained 
eight years on the Pacific coast. He was 
in the Government Survey establishing 
the boundary line between Washington 
Territory and Idaho ; he held the office 
of Deputy Sheriff' of Stevens Co., Wash- 
ington Territory ; Mr. Coriell has a rare 
collection of old books, the best in Lee 
Co., some of them being of gi'eat age. 
He married Miss Jane Hesser, daughter 
of Fred Hesser, Esq., of this city, in 
December, 1876. 

Oorse, Barney, carpenter. 

COURTRIOHT, ARCHI- 
BALD li.. insurance and loaning 
money ; was born in Franklin Co., Ohio, 
Oct. 16, 1839; when 14 years of age, 
he came with his parents to Lee Co., 



where he received his education ; after 
reaching manhood he engaged in teach- 
ing — was also engaged in farming ; he 
was elected County Treasurer in the fall 
of 1873, and held that office two years. 
He owns a farm of 240 acres in this 
county, and nearly 1,000 acres of good 
land elsewhere ; he has held the office of 
Town Trustee, Town Clerk and school 
offices. He married Miss Anna H. 
Eakins Sept. 21, 1876 ; she is a native 
of Clarke Co., Mo. ; came to Ft. Madison 
when quite young ; Mr. Courtright's 
father died Sept. 27, 1877 ; his mother 
died in 1863. 

Cowles, E. F., lath sawyer. 

COWLES, PHILOTUS, carpen- 
ter and builder, and foreman of S. & J. 
C. Atlee's shingle mill ; was born in 
Unadilla, Otsego Co., N. Y., Oct. 10, 
1816 ; he was brought up in that State, 
and learned the trade of carpenter and 
joiner; he came to Iowa ; arrived at Ft. 
Madison May 3, 1838, and began work- 
ing at his trade ; he continued in the 
building business until the spring of 
1863, and since then he has been fore- 
man of the shingle mills at Atlee's mills. 
Mr. Cowles is one of the earliest settlers 
and has lived here over forty-one years ; 
he has been prominently connected with 
the Order of Odd Fellows, and was the 
member initiated in this Order in Fort 
Madison, and he is authority in all mat- 
ters relating to the Order here ; he has 
held the office of City Collector and City 
Marshal. He married Miss Jane Sim- 
mons, a native of the State of New York, 
Nov. 6, 1836 ; she died March, 1841, 
leaving one daughter — Melissa ; for some 
years she has been in the B. & M. Land 
Office at Burlington. On the 5th day 
of January, 1842, he married Diana 
Freeman, a native of Rutland Co., Vt. ; 
they have seven children — Elijah, Cal- 
vin, Samuel, Alva, Jane, George, Ella: 
Elijah and Calvin were in the army ; 
Elijah enlisted in 1861, in the 7th Reg. 
Iowa Inf., Co. D ; Calvin enlisted in the 
same company in February, 1862 ; he 
was wounded in the battle of Corinth ; 
they both re-enlisted and served as vet- 
erans until the end of the war ; Samuel 
enlisted in the 100-day service in the 
45th Reg. Iowa Inf , Co. E. 

Creps, R., carpenter. 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 



733 



'CtlTIiER, OTWAY, retired ; the 
oldest resident settler of Fort Madison 
to-day; born in Morgan Co., Ind., May 
21, 1824 ; when only 3 years of age, 
his parents moved to Illinois ; came to 
Iowa when he was only 12 years of age, 
and arrived in Lee Co. about the middle 
of April, 1836; his father bought a 
claim, and Otway was brought up on a 
farm ; in 1846, he engaged in mercan- 
cantile business, and continued until 
1857, when he gave his whole attention 
to his farming interests, and continued 
until May, 1878, when he gave up the 
active management of his farm to his 
son, and moved into the city. Mr. Cut- 
ler has been actively identified with the 
interests of Lee Co., and is a cautious, 
safe, successful business man ; he owns 
the old homestead farm of 160 acres, 
another of 160 acres near here and a 
farm of 500 acres near Bloomfield, and 
two farms, comprising 640 acres, in 
Fremont Co., one and a half miles from 
Farragut Station. He was the Treas- 
urer of the Fort Madison & Bloomfield 
R. R. He married Miss Mary Jane 
Iludisell,a native of Ohio, Jan. 8, 1843; 
they have four children — George and 
Thomas live on his farm in Fremont 
Co.; Arabella (now Mrs. George Smith) 
lives here; Otway, the youngest son, 
lives on the old homstead farm. 

"npv ASSAN, EMIL, painter. 

BAWL.EY, JOHW M., of the 

firm of Dawley & Tremaine, publishers 
of the Fort Madison Plain dealer ; was 
born in La Fayette Co., Ind., May 28, 
1843 ; when 11 years of age, removed 
■with parents to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and 
learned the printing business. In 1861, 
lie enlisted in the 8th I. V. I., Co. D, 
and was in the service four years and 
eight months ; was in the battle of Shiloh, 
siege of Vicksburg and many other bat- 
tles and skirmishes; was taken prisoner 
^t Shiloh and held six months. After 
the war, returned to Iowa, and, in No- 
vember, 1878, he associated with H. H. 
Tremaine and purchased the Plairi- 
dealer. He married Miss Mary E. 
Culp, a native of Virginia, May 15, 
1867; they have three children — Law- 
son H., Charles M. and William W. 
Deamude, Theo., far., Sec. 7. 



Deiman, Joseph, book-keeper. 

Derrencamp, Barney, carpenter. 

Detmer, Edmund, gardener. 

Diedrich, Charles, grocer and baker. 

Dieman, Henry, far.. Sec. 4. 

DODD, H. W., publisher of the 
Knight's Sword and Helmet ; was born 
at Marysville, Union Co., Ohio, in the 
year 1847 ; when 5 years of age, in 
the fall of 1853, he repioved with his 
parents to Oskaloosa, Iowa, where he 
was educated ; he read law in the office 
of the late Hon. John R. Needham ; 
was admitted to the bar, and engaged 
in the practice of law for nearly five 
years. On the 6th day of June, 1871, 
he married Ada M., eldest daughter of 
Dr. B. G. Neal, of Columbus City, 
Iowa; in January, 1873, he removed to 
the city of Fort Madison, and was with 
the firm of George H. Schafer & Co., 
wholesale druggists and manufacturing 
pharmacists ; he was editor of the Fort 
Madison Plaindealer, and is the founder 
of the KnigMs Sword and Helmet; 
he became associated with the Knights 
of Pythias in the autumn of 1874, and 
is a member of Gem City Lodge, No. 
21, K. of P. of Iowa; he served as 
Deputy Grand Chancellor of the Grand 
Jurisdiction of Iowa, and assisted in 
organizing six lodges ; at the seventh 
annual session oi the Grand Lodge of 
Iowa, held in the city of Mount Pleas- 
ant, Iowa, on the 8th and 9th days of 
February, 1876, he was duly elected 
Special Deputy Grand Chancellor, and 
he takes a deep interest in all that per- 
tains to the welfare of this Order. 

DOERR, CHARL.EIS, Secretary 
of the Fort Madison & N. W. R. R. ; 
was born in the Duchy of Nassau, Ger- 
many, Jan. 13, 1831; he was brought 
up there and learned the trade of 
stone-cutter and mason ; he came to 
America in March, 1851, and was in 
the employ of the Illinois Central R. R. 
Co. ; he i'ame to Iowa and located in 
Fort Madison in August, 1855, and en- 
gaged in building bridges and contract- 
ing ; in 1862, he was elected Clerk of 
the Courts, and served two years ; in the 
spring of 1866, he was appointed Clerk 
of the Courts to fill an unexpired term, 
and was elected to the same office in the 
fall of the same year, and re-elected in 



734 



DIREOTOKV OF LKK OOliNTY; 



t ho fall of ISlv^; in 1S71, ho bought 
the fovry and luauagod that lor !?ix 
Yoiws ; ho was Soorotavv of tho Fort 
3Iadi$on. Fannington >S; Wostorn U. 1\., 
ami whou it was luorgod into tho Bur- 
lington tS: Southwostorn K. U.. ho hold 
tho position of Soorotarv until it was 
loniplotod ; ho has boon aotivoly idon- 
titiod with tho intorosts of this county 
for tho past twenty yoai-s. II o inarriod 
Miss Oathorino Magerkurth, from 
Hhonish Ravaria, OuH-ntany, in August, 
1857 ; thoY havo oight ohildron — 
Charles, Nettie, Edward, miilip, Albert, 
Iviino, Elsie and baby. 

Pooriuii'. Coorgo, plasterer. 

Douglas. A. \Y., farmer, See. 2. 

Doyle, Sanjuol, Sr., retired. 

Doyle. Samuel. Jr.. bookkeeper. 

Duos. John, eoUar-maker. 
j^RERLlNG, CONRAD, farmer. See. 



E' 



F.KKKI.l^iC;;. COXKAI>. moat 
market ; was born in Brunswick. Ger- 
many, Dee. 15, 1820 ; he was brought 
up there and learned the stoni^mason 
trade; emigrated to America in 1852; 
came to Iowa, and settled in Fort Mad- 
ison in 1854, and began working at his 
trade, and has continued it since then ; 
he has also carried on a meat-market 
for twenty yeai-s. He has held tho 
office of City Alderman. He married 
Hannah Barons, from (.lormany, in 
1851; they have six children — Henry, 
Hannah, Christ. Anna, IjOuIo and 
Weinna, and have lost three children. 

FJ>WAK1>S, J. F., of the firm of 
Edwards Oi; 3icCabe, livery and sale 
stable ; was born in Warren Co., Ohio, 
Sept. 5, 1824; ho lived there until 
1854, then came to Iowa, and located 
in Lee Co. and engaged in farniing ; 
lontinued until February, 18l)i), when 
he moved to Fort Madison, and en- 
gaged in the livery business ; a few 
years ago, his stable burned, but he im- 
mediately replaced it with his present 
tine brick building, arranged with all 
conveniences for the business. Ho has 
hold tho office of City Aldormati. Ho 
married Ann K. Hattiold, of Ohio, in 
1844; she died in 1853, leaving four 
children — Hannah M., Jaaies C, Sarah 
E. and Ann; in November, 1858, he mar- 
ried Lvdia Lonrv, a native of Marvland. 



Kdwards, Joseph , retired. 

I'lhart, flacob. far.. Soc. 4. 

FIIAKT. .IOIl^\ cooper; was born 
in Hesse l\irnistadt, Germany. 3lay 17. 
182(1 ; his parents onugTatod to Amer- 
ica in 1838. and settled in rennsylvania. 
where he learned tho cooper's trade ; 
during the Mexican War. he enlisted as 
dr\nnmer boy, and helped drill the vi>l- 
untoors. but was prevented by sickness 
from going in the tield ; while living in 
rennsylvania his lather died ; John, 
with his mother and brothers, eume to 
Iowa and settled in Fort Madison April 
14, 1845, and he began working at his 
trade. He has boon engaged in the 
coopering business here over thirty 
years — a lotigor time than any other 
cooper in Loo Co. Ho married Hannah 
Cebelein. from Ivwaria, (uM-many, April 
\\\ 184;1 ; thov havo one adopted son — 
William A. 

Ehart, John, Jr., clerk. 

Ehart, John. Jr.. farmer. Sec. 5. 

KHAKT. JONFRH, retired; was 
born in Darmstadt. Germany, Oct. 1. 
1810 ; he learned the trade of wagou- 
unikor and blacksmith ; emigrated to 

- America Nov. 1, 1838; lived two years 
in Somerset Co., Penn., and three yeai-s 
in Westmoreland Co. ; ho had made 
some money, and loaned out §1,200, 
and tho man who borrowed it wont itilo 
bankruptcy, and he lost all ; he decided 
to come West, so he made several wag- 
ons, loaded them, and came to Pitts- 
burgh, paying only $2 for eaoh person to 
St. Louis, and #1 each from there to 
Fort 31adison. and §3 for each wagon. 
The boat on which they came, burned 
bacon or side-meat for fuel ; they arrived 
in Fort Madison Oct. 3, 1843; ho en- 
gaged in wagon-making and blacksmith- 
iug, and continued it until 1800, and 
afterward kept tavern and farmed ; one 
of tho wagons that ho made and brought 
with him from Pennsylvania, over thirty- 
tivo years ago, is still in use ; he brought 
and still owns tho first iron kettle ever 
brought here, and ho has two doors 
taken from the old barraeks, at Mon- 
trose. Ho has held office of City Al- 
derman. When he began life he had 
nothing, and by his indiistry and good 
management, he now owns several build- 
iuijs in the center of the citv, and a farm 



MADISON TOWNHirrP. 



785 



udjoiriiiifj: it,. Tlifirn am fow men lion; 
uions tli(juj;liU'iil ;iri(l ja'acLiciil than he 
iH. He niarri(i(J .Josophiiio Hikharfc, a 
nafciv<! of (jl(!nn;iny, in .lariuary, 1K40; 
fch(!y huv(! wix chiidron — Nancy (\h inar- 
r'u'A), iS(»[)}iia, Johanna, Jo.scphiiH!, Ijcna, 
Joseph. 

"Eharh, Williiiin, dcrk. 

J^ililciiL, h'crdinjind, painter. 

¥j 1 1> S O N, .1 1) Kim I A II S., 

Street (youiiniasioner ; was born in Preble; 
Co., Ohio, Oct. 2, 1821 ; lived there 
until 18!>8; when he came with his 
purentK to [owa, they came by wafi,'on ; 
were five weeks on the way; arrived in 
this county in the; sj)rin<i; of IH'A'J ; they 
bought a claim containing a section of 
land and entered it from Government 
when it came in market; Jeremiah was 
brought up on a farm. He married 
Miss Charlotte MeOinley, a native of 
Ohio, in tlie spring of 1844. The fol- 
lowing November, they moved into Fort 
Madison, built the house where he now 
lives in 1840 and has lived in it ever 
since, lie was engaged in business for 
the St. Louis lr*acket Company for four- 
teen years, and was very successful ; he 
owns the property where he now lives 
and other city ])r(;[>erty and a farm near 
the city, lie was elected Street Com- 
missioner in 1 878 and again elected in 
1879. Mrs. Kidson carries on the dress- 
making business on Pine street and does 
a good business. They have one adopted 
child — Addie. 

Einspanger, 11., grocer. 

Eitnian, William, boots and shoes. 

ELLWANC^KU, F. _ !>., manu- 
facturer and dealer in cigars and to- 
bacco; born in Franklin Tp., Lee Co., 
Iowa, Oct. 27, 1853 ; he was brought 
up in this county, and, in the fall of 
1877, he engaged in liis present business. 
He married Miss Lizzie Becker, of Fort 
Madison, June 20, 1878. Mr. Ell- 
wanger's father emigrated to Iowa at an 
early day, among the early settlers. 

Enderly, Andrew, bricklayer. 

Engeman, Charles, shoemaker. 

Engle, John H., shoemaker. 

Engle, Joseph W., saloon. 

KKNNT, THEODORE, jeweler; 
was born in Saxony, Cermany, Aug. 7, 
] 885 ; he learned the jewelry business ; 
emigrated to the United States in 1858 ; 



came to Iowa and lo(;ated in Fort Madi- 
son in 18(il,and since then he has been 
engaged in his present businciss and has 
the largest trade in his line in the city. 
He ma,rried Miss Alvina Retter, froni 
Germany, in 18(il ; they have iJvtt chil- 
dren — Clara, Hugo, Lena, Flora and 
Freda. 

Espy, Knud, book-keeper. 

I^jssf'x, B. K., foreman of tool company. 

Ktzkorn, H. C, harness-maker. 

Elzkorn, Bobert, harn(!ss-maker. 

Lj^ADJ.KB, FRANK, carpenter. 

Faha, Michael, tinner. 
Faha, Richard, retjred. 
Fahien, John, cooper. 
Feye, Herman, blacksmith. 
I^'iggen, Jiorenz, nitired. 
Frailey, Peter IL, contractor. 
Frank, Charles, grocer. 
Frederick, (Jharles, farnier, Sec. 5. 

EKOEItEL, CHARLES, pro 

priet(;r saloon ; was born in Saxony, 
Germany, Jan. 2, 1835 ; he lived there 
until 1802, when he emigrated to Amer- 
ica ; he came to Fort Madison in the fall 
of 1803 ; was steamboating for some 
years ; has been engaged in his present 
. business for ten years. He marri(;d 
Miss Lissette Dunhofl't from OIdenb(;rg, 
(lermany, in Aj>ril, 1801; she was born 
Feb. 27, 1841 ; they have nine children 
— Johanna, Emma, Clemintine, Charlie, 
Caroline, Dorothea, Josephine, Lizzie 
and Louise. 
FROW, .J. W., dealer in groceries, 
provisions, and Postmaster ; was born in 
Juniati Co., Penn., Jan. 20, 1828; 
when 21 years of age, he removed to 
Ohio. He married Mi.ss Susan Davis, a 
native of Ohio» in 1852 ; they came to 
Iowa, and located in this county, in 
1855, and he engaged in teaching ; in 
1804, he was elected Deputy County 
Treasurer; he was elected the first Re- 
corder of the county in 1860, and has 
held the office of Secretary of the Agri- 
cultural Society ; he engaged in mercan- 
tile business in ISGS, and has been 
agent of the express company here since 
1807 ; he was appointed Postmaster Dec. 
17, 1874, and since has held that office ; 
was re- appointed March 3, 1870. Mr. 
and Mrs. Frow have four children — 
Libbie M. ('now Mrs. Bonnell, living in 



736 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



Lincoln, Neb.), Emma L., Ott 11. and 

Clara J. 
Fin-hs, Alex., saloon-koopor. 
F\irnov, John, Jr.. earpontor. 
Furiior, John, Sr., retired. 
Fuscli, Christ, bricklayer. 

GARDNKll, JOSEPH, foreman shoe- 
shop, prison. 

Gaylord, Andre, carpenter. 

Geldmaelier, Fred, I'armer, See. 5. 

Geldmaehor, Henry, farmer, Sec. 5. 

Geodda, Peter, farmer, Sec. 5. 

Gerardo, Joseph, mechanic. 

Gerarde, \Yilliam, engineer. 

Gerling, Stephen, farmer. See. 4. 

Gibbs, Iv A., hiniber-dealor. 

<i}ll.]|lKK, WILL. S., giain- 
dealer and loaning mouev ; was born 
in Lee Co., Washington Tp., March 
27, 1849; he nyus brought up and 
received his education in this county ; 
since reaching manhood, he has 
been engaged in farming and in the 
grain business ; his father, Pr. Campbell 
Gilmer, was the first practicing physi- 
cian here, and one of the earliest set- 
tlers; he came here in 18:>5 ; died in 
18(55. 

Glahe, Ferdinand, shoemaker. 

Gockel, Ixirney, tailor. 

Goedde, John V., shoemaker. 

Goedde, Peter, retired. 

Goeldner, August, stone-mason. 

CiiKABOI§»CH, MATIUAS, re 
tired; was born in Prussia Aug. 14, 
1814; he was brought up and lived 
thereuntil 1844, when he emigrated to 
America, and lived in Cincinnati and 
St. Louis ; he came to Ottumwa, Iowa, 
when there were only seventeen house,*! 
there ; he made a farm near there, lived 
six years tliere ; removed to Missoxiri, 
and was engaged in farming there twenty 
years, when he sold out and came to Ft. 
31adison; since then has lived here ; he 
owns Concordia Hall and several other 
building-s; he had nothing when he be- 
gan life. He married Lovina Porter 
July 10, 1874; she came to this State 
in 1852; they have two children — 
^latthias M. (born May 2, 1875), Au- 
gust F. (born Oct. 24,'l877\ 

Greene, Fred., ropemaker. 

(ireitens, George, farmer. 

Grothouse, Barney, farmer. See. 5. 

Guenther, Peter, tinner. 



H 



AESTG. GKOKGE. carpenter. 



Haesig, Jacob, carpenter. 

Hall. Georue W., kindling-mill. 

HAliK/lSAlAH,"" of the firm of 
llcsser i.*c Hale ; born in Miami Co., Ohio, 
March 13, 1824 ; when 15 years of age, 
his parents came to Iowa ; thev arrived 
in Ft. jMadison May 2t>, 1830 ; his 
father engaged in the tinning and gro- 
cery business ; was the first tinner who 
started the business in Lee Co. ; Isaiah 
learned the tinning business, and when 
23 years of age, he engaged in business 
with his father ; continued about three 
years, then formed a partnership with 
Mr. Hesser, his present partner, and they 
have been associated together ior thirty 
years. Mr. Hale married Miss Amelia 
Cherry, a native of Franklin Co., Ohio, 
in 1841); she died in 1851, leaving five 
children — Jennie (now Mrs. Wood- 
worth^, Amanda i^now Mrs. Robinson''. 
AVilliam, George \Y. and Ella; he mar- 
ried Mrs. Sarah M. Hamilton formerly 
Miss Sarah 31. Miller, a niece of Hon. 
D. F. Miller, of Keokvik, in May, 1851 , 
they have two children — Sallie and 
Isaiah. 

HAliFi, HIF.Ii, Deputy Warden of 
the loAva State Penitentiary ; was born 
in Columbiana Co., Ohio. Feb. 23, 
1 842 ; when 8 years of age his par- 
ents emigrated to Iowa and settled at 
Springdale, Cedar Co., where he was 
brought up ; they removed to Linn Co. in 
IStiO, and upon the breaking-out of the 
rebellion, he was among the tii"st to 
enlist, in April, 18(51, in the 1st Regt. 
Iowa Infantry, Co. K, throo-monthsscrv- 
ice : after his time expired he enlisted 
in the 12th Regt. Iowa Infantry, and was 
unanimously chosen 2d Lieutenant of 
Co. T> ; there were twenty-three school- 
teachei-s in the company ; in the battle, 
of Pittsburg Ijanding. he was taken 
prisoner, April (5, 18(52, and was confined 
nine months ; ho was paroled from Libby 
Prison ; upon his return home, he found 
his ct>mmission of 1st Lieutenant await- 
ing him, dated the day after he wa.s taken 
prisoner; he returned to his regiment, 
was promoted and commissioned Cap- 
tain of Co. D ; he was in the battles of 
Wilson Creek, Fort Donelson, Pittsburg 
Landiiiu, sieiic of Vicksburi::, battle of 



aiADISON TOWNSHIP. 



73T 



Nashville, and a number of others ; he I 
was wounded in the battle of Wilson's 
Creek ; he resigned his commission 
during the latter part of 1864, on account 
of ill health, returned to Cedar Rapids 
and was elected Sheriff of Linn Co. in 
the fall of 1865 ; he afterward held the 
office of City Marshal of Cedar Rapids 
for six years, and resigned March V, 
to accept the appointment of Deputy 
Warden of the Iowa State Penitentiary, 
March 8, 1 878. He married Miss Sa- 
rah M. Dawley, of Indiana, in Cedar 
Rapids, in December, 1866. They have 
had four children ; only two survive — 
Albert E. and Otis R. Mr. and Mrs. 
Hale are members of the Presbyterian 
Church. 

Hammer, George, watchman, prison. 

HAMILTOIV, J. D. M., attorney, 
of the firm of Van Valkenburg & 
Hamilton ; was born in Pittsburgh, 
Penn., July 18, 1850 ; when he was 6 
years old, his parents removed to Iowa 
and located at Fort Madison ; his 
father, John S. Hamilton, was an attor- 
ney ; was member of the State Legis- 
lature in Pennsylvania, and in this 
State. He was killed by an accident ; in 
the fall of 1856, the subject of this 
sketch attended school here, then en- 
tered Knox College, where he received 
his collegiate education ; after graduat- 
ing he studied law with Hon. J. Van 
Valkenburg, and attended the St. Louis 
Law School, where he completed his 
legal studies, and was admitted to the 
bar March 10, 1875, since when he has 
been associated with Mr. Van Valken- 
burg in the practice of his profession. 
He was elected to the State Legislature 
in the fall of 1877, his term of office 
expiring Jan. 1, 1880. He married 
Miss Mamie M. Rice of Keokuk, Feb. 
28, 1878. 

Hamilton, J. M., attorney. 

Hannus, Wenzel, cooper. 

Hansman, Fred, far., S. 5. 

Hatch, R. B,, salesman. 

HEER, ERANK, general merchant, 
dealer in dry goods and groceries ; was 
born in Prussia, March 20, 1839 ; when 
16 years of age, he emigrated to Amer- 
ica in 1855; came to Iowa and settled 
in Fort Madison in June, the same 
year ; he learned the trade of moulder 



and worked at it for seven years ; he 
has been enaged in the mercantile busi- 
ness for the past eight years. He mar- 
ried Miss Wilmcna Scholing, from 
Germany, in August, 1868 ; they have 
five children — Lawrence, George, Frank, 
Therese and Mary ; they have lost two 
sons. 

Heiiz, Sebastian, gardener and fruit. 

HENDERSON, JAMES E.^ 
guard at the prison ; was born in Wayne 
Co., Ind.,,Aug. 27, 1828; when 10 
years of age, he came with his parents 
to Iowa ; they came by wagon ; were 
four weeks on the road, and arrived in 
this county Aug. 20, 1839, and were 
among the early settlers ; when the war 
broke out, he enlisted in 1862 in the 
19th Regiment I. V. I., Co. E, and 
was Sergeant of the company ; he was 
in the battle of Prairie Grove, siege of 
Vicksburg, Mobile, and many other 
fights and skirmishes , he was wounded 
at the battle of Prairie Grove ; at the 
close of the war he returned, and has 
occupied the position of guard at the 
prison for many years. He married 
Miss Margaret Hamilton, from Indiana, 
Dec. 25, 1854 ; they have three chil- 
dren — Thomas W., Charles and John I. 

Henke, Fred, shoemaker. 

Henry, Daniel W., dealer in tax titles. 

Henry, M. L., plasterer. 

HERMANN, FRED, merchant, 
dealer in groceries ; was born in Ger- 
many May 26, 1850 ; emigrated to 
America when 18 years of age ; came 
to Iowa, located in Burlington, and en- 
gaged in the boot and shoe business, and 
lived thereuntil October, 1877, when he 
came to Fort Madison. He married 
Miss Minnie Sandvos, of this city, June 
17, 1877. 

HERMES, FRANK, of the firm 
of Nordman & Hermes, coopers ; born 
in Prussia in 1844; emigrated to 
America in January, 1853 ; came to 
Fort Madison the same year and learned 
the cooper's trade, and has been en- 
gaged in business with Mr. Nordman 
over four years. He married Miss Eliz- 
abeth Kottenstette, a native of Ger- 
many, Jan. 10, 1871 ; they have three 
children — Frank, Felicitas and Mary A. 

Hermesmeier, Frank, cooper. 

Hcrminghausen, F. W., fruit-grower. 



738 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



Hesse, B. B., clothing man. 

Hesse, Frank, lightning-rod dealer. 

Hesse, John, cooper. 

Hesser, Fred, hardware dealer. 

Heying, Henry, retired. 

Hierstine, Henry, far.. Sec. 8. 

Hillier, George, auctioneer. 

Hinken, John, cooper. 

Hinge, Ernst, far., Sec. 4. 

Hitch, Peter G., mechanic. 

HOBBS, WESIiJBY C, of the 
firm of Casey & Hobbs, attorneys and 
counselors at law ; was born in Des 
Moines Co., Iowa, Feb. 3, 1842; he 
was brought up and attended school 
there, and then entered the University 
^t Burlington, depending upon his 
own exertions; he engaged in teaching 
to enable him to complete his education. 
At the opening of the rebellion, in 
1861, he left school and enlisted as a 
private, in Company K., 6th Regiment, 
I. V. T.; he remained with his regiment 
about six months, the most of the time 
in Missouri, where he participated in 
Fremont's campaign against Price, 
marching through Missouri and over 
the Ozark Mountains, driving the rebel 
forces into Arkansas ; being rendered 
unfit for service by the return of his old 
complaint, inflammatory rheumatism, 
he was discharged in January, 1862, 
and, returning home, engaged in teach- 
ing ; three months later, upon the 
call of President Lincoln for 300,000 
men, he discontinued his school and as- 
sisted in raising Company K, 25th I. V. 
I.; was elected Second Lieutenant of 
the same ; he was afterward promoted to 
fill the vacancy caused by the resigna- 
tion of his Captain ; he commanded his 
company during the three-days fight in 
the rear of Vicksburg, under Gen. Sher- 
man in 1862 ; and also participated in the 
battle of Arkansas Post, on the 11th of 
January, 1863 ; at both of these battles, 
his uniform was pierced with balls, and 
at the latter his regiment sustained a 
heavy loss of men ; among the mauy 
killed was Mr, George W. Wilson, a 
brother- in-law of Capt. Hobbs; resign- 
ing his commission soon after this, he 
returned home and began the study of 
law, and, in November, 1864, was ad- 
mitted to the bar by the District Court 
of Henry Co., then sitting at Mt. Pleas- 



ant, Hon. Francis Springer, presiding 
Judge. He soon afterward established 
himself in practice at Ft. Madison, and 
in 1870, was elected City Attorney 
without opposition ; during the succeed- 
ing two years, he was Deputy Clerk of 
the Courts; in 1873, he formed a part- 
nership with Hon. Judge Casey, with 
whom he has since continued in prac- 
tice, building up an extensive and pros- 
perous business. Mr. Hobbs was also, 
in 1873, elected President of the School 
Board, and in the year following. County 
Superintendent of Public Schools ; in 
1875, he was elected, by a very large ma- 
jority, to the General Assembly of Iowa ; 
he united with the Baptist Church at 
the age of 17, and still continues a wor- 
thy member of that body ; he is also a 
member of the Odd Fellows' and Ma- 
sonic fraternities ; in 1876, he was Dis- 
trict Deputy Grand Master of the former, 
and at the present time is Master of 
the Masonic Lodge of Ft. Madison. 
Mr. Hobbs was married August 24, 
1862, to Miss Sallie Estella Smith, a 
lady of fine native abilities and rare ac- 
complishments ; of the children who 
have been born to them, a daughter of 
10, and a son, 8 years, are now living. 

Hodgeman, B. F., salesman. 

Hoff"man, Ed., furrier. 

Hofi"man, Oscar, cigar-maker. 

Hofi'meister, A. W., physician. 

Holderhouse, Loreaz, shoemaker. 

Holtzberger, Henry, painter. 

Holtzberger, John F., blacksmith. 

HOIiZBER^i^ER, FRED, of the 
firm of Fred Holzberger& Sons, workers 
of iron and steel and manufacturers of 
carriages, buggies and wagons ; born iu 
Bavaria. Germany, May 8, 1826 ; he 
learned his business there, and emigrated 
to America in 1 848 ; he came to Fort 
Madison May 5, 1849; he first carried 
on a repair-shop, on Front street until 
July 4, 1853, when he moved to his 
present location and engaged in making- 
wagons, plows and all kinds of repair- 
work, and since then, he has carried on 
the business here, and is the oldest man- 
ufacturer of the kind in the city ; his 
sons are engaged in business with him. 
He has held the office of City Alderman, 
serving many years, and has held school 
offices. He married Miss Anna B. 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 



739 



Soell, of Germany, Sept. 26,1850; they 
have six children — John F., Henry H., 
Anna J., Fred O., Ellen and Charlie L. 

Hoover, Wm. 0., attorney. 

Hopkins, W. W., painter. 

Housselton, F. M., retired. 

Howard, Cyrus, carpenter. 

Huestead, S. D., Sr., drayman. 

Huestead, S. D., Jr., oyster saloon. 

Huff, Joseph, guard prison. 

HUGEL,_ BENEDICT, deceased; 
was born in Baden, Germany, Feb. 26, 
1813. He grew up there and married 
Therese Zierlewagen April 3, 1840 ; she 
was born in Baden, Germany, Sept. 
9, 1820. They emigrated to America 
in the spring of 1840, and settled in 
Ohio, and lived there until 1848, when 
they came to Iowa and located in Fort 
Madison, and he engaged in the grocery 
trade ; in 1861, he was appointed Post- 
master under President Lincoln, and 
held the office about five years; he also 
held the offices of Town Trustee, City 
Alderman, and member of the School 
Board, and was an honored, respected 
^citizen. He died Feb. 17, 1874, leav- 
ing four children — John B. Hugel, born 
Sept. 12, 1841, died in November, 1876 ; 
Lewis P., born April 23, 1843 ; Joseph 
W.,Sept. 12, 1845. Benedict D. Hugel 
was born in Fort Madison Sept. 28, 1848, 
and was brought up here ; is a tele- 
graph operator by profession. He was 
married in Iowa City, Oct. 17, 1874, to 
Miss Barbara Elizabeth Hotz, a native 
of Iowa City, daughter of Simeon Hotz ; 
they have three children — Clara E., 
born Oct. 13, 1875; George T. B.,' 
March 5, 1877 ; Frank M. C, Nov. 26, 
1878. Lewis lives in Chicago; is a 
commercial traveler. Joseph W. car- 
ries on business here. Benedict is a 
book-keeper in Iowa City. Joseph W. 
Hugel is engaged in the wholesale 
liquor business. He married Miss Liz- 
zie Brown, from Muscatine, Iowa, Jan. 
18, 1872; they have two children — 
Therese and Louis J. Joseph W., dur- 
ing the war, enlisted in the U. S. navy 
for one year, in the Mississippi squad- 
ron. 

Hugel, Joseph, wholesale liquors. 

HUISKAMP, H. J., of the firm 
of Hinskamp Bros., manufacturers of 
boots and shoes, Fort Madison, and 



wholesale dealers in boots and shoes, 
Keokuk ; was born in Amsterdam, Hol- 
land, June 16, 1839; when 9 years of 
age, he came to America, in 1847, and 
lived in St. Louis for six years ; re- 
moved to Keokuk in 1854. He en- 
listed June 13, 1861, as private in Co. 
A, 1st I. V. C. ; on the 27th of Febru- 
ary, 1863, he vras promoted and com- 
missioned Captain of Co. D, 6th Mo. 
V. C., and served on staff duty ; he was 
Inspector General on the staff of Gen. 
Ewing, and that of Gen. Pleasonton. 
he remained in the service until Jan. 1, 
1865. After the war, he returned to 
Keokuk, and since then has been en- 
gaged in business ; he has entire charge 
of the manufacturing department of the 
firm of Huiskamp Bros., Keokuk ; they 
manufacture at the State Penitentiary, 
employ over one hundred men, make 
about three hundred pairs of boots and 
shoes daily, and are doing an extensive 
business ; Capt. Huiskamp has held the 
office of Deputy U. S. Marshal under 
Col. Rogers. He married Miss Alice 
C. Britts, of Clinton, Henry Co., Mo., 
in 1871 ; they have two sons — Herman 
J. and John B. 

Hull, Lee, nurseryman. 

Hull, Thomas, nurseryman. 

XNGALLS, CHARLES, prison guard. 

Inkman, Henry, stone. 
XAYES, HENRY, far.. Sec. 5. 

Jewett, Charles, retired. 

JOHNS, CHARI.es, manufact- 
urer of cigars and dealers in cigars, to- 
bacco and pipes ; was born in Fort Mad- 
ison June 15, 1858; when 12 years of 
age, he began to learn the cigar and to- 
bacco business ; he engaged in business 
for himself Jan. 16, 1878, and is build- 
ing up a good retail trade. 

Johnson, Aaron, retired. 

Johnson, Nelson, school-teacher. , 

Jostrundt, Henry, far., Sec. 4. 

Junge, eloseph, traveling agent. 

jTT^AMP, JOHN, far., Sec. 8. 

Kampf, John, far.. Sec. 4. 
Kasmeier, John, gardener. 
Kasten, William, Kasten House. 
Kempker, Barney, gardener. 
Kennaman, Charles, tailor. 

■1 



740 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



Kennedy, George J., lawyer. 
KENNEDY, JOHN G., retired; 
was born in Granville County, N. C, 
April 17, 1812 ; his father was a soldier 
in the war of 1812, and was in the army 
at that time ; John was brought up in 
Tennessee, and learned the trade of car- 
penter and joiner ; he moved to Rush- 
ville, Schuyler Co., 111., in 1833, and 
lived there until he came to Iowa ; came 
to Fort Madison, April 12, 1836, and 
began working at his trade ; he is one of 
the earliest settlers in Lee County, and 
the oldest resident of Fort Madison ; 
has lived here forty-three years ; he was 
engaged in the building business until 
1854. He has held the office of Deputy 
Sheriff", Constable and City Marshal. 
He married Miss Mary C. Vance Jan. 
16, 1837 ; she is a native of Kentucky, 
and was born July 20, 1817 ; they have 
had seven children — Lucretia M., born 
Sept. 16, 1838; Eliza J., Aug. 27, 
1841 ; George J., Sept. 12, 1844 ; Em- 
ma A., Nov. 12, 1847 ;'Katie E., June 
22, 1850; Mary E., Oct. 22, 1853; 
Thomas B., July 29, 1855. 

Kent, F. B., far. Sec. 6. 

KENT, JOSIAH, retired; was born 
in York Co., Penn., March 30, 1805 ; he 
was brought up there and in Mifflin Co. 
until 1 8 years of age ; he went to Ohio for 
a short time ; returned to Pennsylvania, 
lived in Pittsburgh and learned the 
plasterer's trade. He married Miss Anna 
Maria Rothrock, a native of Centre Co., 
Penn., Oct. 16, 1834. They came to 
Iowa, located in Lee County, in the 
spring of 1842, and engaged in farming, 
having bought a claim here while living 
in Pennsylvania ; he continued living on 
his farm until about one year ago, when 
he gave up his farm to his sons, and 
came in the city to reside. Mr. Kent has 
always acted with the Democratic party ; 
was a member of the convention, in 
1847, when ijie State Constitution was 
formed; in 1848, he was elected Repre- 
sentative to the State Legislature, and 
has held town and school offices. They 
have had six children, only two survive 
— William G., Frank B. — both living 
on the farm, a short distance from the 
city. 

Kerting, George, far., Sec. 4. 

Kessler, Frank, carpenter. 



Kiel, A. W., R. R. employe. 

KIEIi, FERD., rectifier and dealer 
in wines and liquors ; born in Hanover^ 
Germany, July ^8, 1813 ; there learned 
the milling business ; he emigrated to 
America, landed at Baltimore, in August^ 
1839 ; came to Iowa, and located in 
Fort Madison, March 15, 1840; he 
began working at the carpenter's trade,, 
and, in 1852, engaged in rectifying and 
liquor business, and has continued in it 
since ; his is the oldest house in thi& 
business here ; he holds office in the City 
Council and has done so for several 
terms. He married Mary Ann Erlbrodt,. 
from Hanover, Germany, May 12, 1839 ; 
she died June 30, 1878, leaving four 
children — Louis, George, Adolph, Wil- 
helni ; they lost four children — Wilhel- 
mina, Adolph, Henry and Ferdinand, 
the two former died within twenty-four 
hours, of cholera, in 1851 ; Ferdinand 
was in the army, enlisted in the 5th Reg.., 
I. V. C, Co. F, and died of disease con- 
tracted in the army. 

Kiel, George, grocer. 

Kiel, L. G., grocer. 

Kinsley, John H., grocer. 

Kniemeier. Henry, butcher. 

Koch, John, far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Madison> 

Koch, John, Jr., butcher. 

Koch, Peter, painter. 

Koch, Philip, wood-turner. 

Kochjohn, John, laborer. 

Koechig, Christ, carpenter. 

K O E H li E R, FRANK, tailor ; 
was born in Hanover, Germany, Dec. 
26, 1824 ; he was brought up there, 
and learned the tailor trade ; he emi- 
grated to America in 1846, and came 
to Iowa, and settled in Fort Madison in 
August, 1848, and began working at 
his trade ; there is no tailor here now 
who was here when he came. Mr. 
Koehler is a member of the Board 
of Education. He married Adelheid 
Stempel, from Prussia, in 1855 ; she 
died in 1869, leaving six children — 
Rosa, Alma, Ilda, Oscar, Hugo and 
Emil. His eldest daughter, Rosa, has 
prepared herself for teaching, and is 
now assistant teacher of German in the^ 
schools of Fort Madison. 

Koehler, John, saloon. 

Koelner, Henry, farmer. Sec. 5. 

Korschgen, Fred, shoemaker. 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 



741 



Kottenstetta, Ernst, cooper. 
Kottenstetta, Peter, cooper. 
Kreiger, Albert, farmer, Sec. 5. 
Kreiger, Henry, farmer, Sec. 5. 
Kretsinger, F. S., book-keeper and sales- 
man. 

KRETSIMGJER, WIL.IiIAlI 

H., Superintendent and Manager of the 
Iowa Farming Tool Co. ; one of the 
most enterprising and substantial busi- 
ness men of Lee Co. ; he is a native of 
Herkimer Co., N. Y., and was brought 
up in that State ; he came to Chicago in 
1856, and was successfully engaged in 
business there for a number of years ; 
in 1869, having purchased an interest in 
the firm of Soule, Davis & Co., manu- 
facturers of agricultural implements, he 
removed to Fort Madison, and the firm 
became Soule, Kretsinger & Co. On 
the 1st of October, 1874, the Iowa 
Farming Tool Co. was organized by Mr. 
Kretsinger, he having the control and 
entire management of the Company ; the 
Company employ convict labor in the 
different departments of their flictory . 
employing about one hundred and twen- 
ty-five men ; the farm implements man- 
ufactured by this Company have an es- 
tablished reputation, and under the pres- 
ent able management of the Company, 
have built up a large and extensive trade, 
and the demand for their goods is con- 
stantly increasing to such an extent that 
they are unable to fill their orders ; they 
not only ship their goods over the West 
and California and Oregon, but they 
have a large demand from Eastern 
markets. New York and Boston ; they 
are also having a foreign demand, and 
ship their goods to Liverpool, England, 
Switzerland and Germany. The quality 
and cheapness of their goods being un- 
surpassed. While living in Chicago, Mr. 
Kretsinger married Miss Maria A. Rams- 
dell, a native of Oneida Co., N. Y. ; they 
have one daughter — Adele; Mr. Kret- 
singer has two sons by a former mar- 
riage. 

Krukenmier, C. H., tailor. 

Kunzel, Rudolph, barber and bookbinder. 

T EIDY, GEORGE B., carpenter. 

l^ENTZ, Z., machinist; was born in 
Little York Co., Peun., April 29, 1827 ; 
when about 7 years of age, his parents 



removed to Ohio, and he was brought 
up there ; he c&me to Iowa in 1850, and 
settled in Fort Des Moines, and the fol- 
lowing year came to Lee Co., and has 
lived here since then. He married Mis& 
Elizabeth Mayhew, of Ohio, in October,. 
1854; they have one son — James M, 

Lesch, ConTad, shoemaker and dealer. 

Lohmeier, John S., saloon. 

Lowrey, William T., City Clerk. 

Luebbers, Bernard, plasterer. 

McCABE, L. S., livery-man. 
McConn, Daniel, retired. 

McConn, U. D., cashier bank. 

McFARIiAXD, ROBERT, re- 
tired; was born on the 19th of October, 
1818, in Westmoreland Co., Penn. ; 
was the youngest of eight children, 
whose parents were William McFar- 
land and Elizabeth, nee Fishback. His 
father was a native of Pennsylvania, 
and his mother of Virginia ; his father 
was a tanner, and in moderate circum- 
stances; he gave his children a fair 
common-school education ; his parents 
moved to Ohio in 1822, and settled in 
Williamsport, Pickaway Co., where they 
remained until their death. Nov. 4^ 
1839, Mr. McFarland came to Fort 
Madison, then in his 21st year; en- 
gaged as a tailor, and remained at that 
vocation for ten years. In 1849, he 
was elected Clerk of the Board of 
County Commissioners, whose duties he 
faithfully and earnestly discharged for 
two years; in 1857, was elected Re-- 
corder. Treasurer and Collector of the 
county, and held various public offices 
until 1860. In 1862, after a vaca- 
tion from actvie pursuits of about 
two years, he went into the drug 
business; March 1, 1872, he retired 
from practical duties of a mercantile 
nature. Mr. McFarland started in life 
poor, and well understood the value of 
self-acquired experience and property ; 
in the battle of life, he has never been 
without good friends and good health. 
While his early education was some- 
what limited, and his attention and 
efforts in life have been engrossed with 
the demands of active business, he has 
yet found time to read and reflect ; he 
has always been a close reader and keen 
observer, and his memory is very re- 
tentive. In 1856, he was elected 



742 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



Mayor of Fort Madison, and re-elected 
after the expiration of his first term. 
In politics, he is a strong Democrat ; 
voted for Gen. Cass, and for Judge 
Douglas, on account of his admiration 
for him as the proper exponent of De- 
mocracy at the commencement of the 
civil war ; he thinks to-day that the 
issues of the hour demand the forma- 
tion of a party whose action will be 
against monopolies and corruption. In 
religion, is disposed to take his stand 
with the Universalists, and believes that 
real Christianity will advance in the 
world in proportion as the real character 
of our Savior and His mission on earth 
are understood. Mr. McFarland may 
be rightly termed the shrewd business 
man, whose public spirit is ready at all 
times to advance the interests of his 
fellow-beings. We find him to-day en- 
joying good health, and in that pros- 
perity and contentment which those 
who have devoted a life-time to indus- 
try and integrity have a right to expect. 

Mahin, W. H., marble man. 

MALCOLM, ELIZA E. S., 
MRS.,(formerly Miss Eliza E. Sample), 
is a native of Washington, Washington 
Co. , Penn. ; her father was a printer ; 
learned his trade in Pittsburgh ; he es- 
tablished the Washington Reporter in 
Washington, Washington Co., Penn., 
in August, 1808, and published 
that paper for twenty-five years. 
He was a soldier and also an of- 
ficer in the war of 1812. On account 
of ill-health, he disposed of his interests 
in Pennsylvania, and emigrated to Iowa 
in 1840 ; after living in Van Buren Co. 
two years, he came to Lee Co. in 1842, 
where he lived until his death, Jan. 15, 
1862 ; his wife is still living in this city, 
and in February, of the present year, 
she passed her 79th birthday. Her son, 
James B. Sample, upon the breaking out 
of the rebellion, enlisted in the 1st I. V. 
I., Co. D, and was commissioned First 
Lieutenant ; he was successively pro- 
moted, and served as Captain and Major, 
and was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel 
by brevet for meritorious services in 
the field ; at the battle of Belmont, he 
climbed the flag-stafl" and pulled down the 
flag in front of the enemy's guns, and 
the flag is now in possession of the fam- 



ily. Mrs. Malcolm married, in 1856, 
Frank Malcolm, a native of Indiana ; 
his parents were natives of Virginia ; 
his father was in the war of 1812, and 
bis mother is now receiving a pension. 
Mrs. Malcolm is an own cousin of the 
Hon. James G. Blaine; she is a lady of 
more than ordinary ability, and is fore- 
most in every good word and work in 
the church and throughout the city. 

Marcy, P. B., retired. 

MARR, J. F., carpenter and builder, 
of the firm of Marr & Creps ; was born 
in Northumberland Co., Penn., Nov. 10, 
1820 ; he lived there until 1842 ; then 
removed to Livingston Co.,N. Y.; lived 
there three years ; then went to Pitts- 
burgh, where he learned his trade of 
carpenter and joiner ; he came to Iowa ; 
arrived in Fort Madison May 16, 1851 ; ' 
worked at his trade for two years ; in 
1853, he associated with R. Creps ; they 
have been engaged in building for over 
twenty -five years, and are the oldest 
building firm in Lee Co. He has held 
the ofiices of City Alderman, Town 
Trustee and School Director. He mar- 
ried Miss Rosauna HauUy, of Bath Co., 
Va., in 1855 ; they have had one child, 
which is not living. 

Marselle, Joseph E., Justice of the Peace. 

Marsh, Calvin, City Marshal. 

Marsh, Calvin, hide dealer. 

Mathews, F. A., loans money. 

May hew, Sylvester, lawyer. 

Meier, John N., salesman. 

MEIS, ALOYSIUS, Pastor of Saint 
Mary's Catholic Church ; was born in 
the Province of Westphalia, Prussia, in 
1833 ; when 17 years of age, his father, 
mother and eight brothers of them em- 
igrated to America in December, 1850 ; 
he received his education in Kentucky 
and Missouri ; he was Pastor of the 
church in Lyons, Iowa, nearly two years, 
then removed to Dubuque and remained 
over six years ; he built St. Mary's Church 
in that city ; he came here in 1871, and 
since then has been Pastor of St. Mary's 
Church, and is greatly beloved by his 
people. His father died in January, 
1878, and his mother died in 18G3. 

MEYER, J., of the firm Meyer Bros., 
was born in Westphalia, Prussia, in 
1845 ; his parents emigrated to this 
country and settled in Ft. Madison in 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 



743 



1846; lie was br(iuj;lit uj» aiul loanicd 
his trade and ast-ix-iati'd in busiiu'ss willi 
his hicithcM-, in IS77. lie niairicd Miss 
Alichi Stolwyiv, of Keokuk, in Novem- 
ber, 1S78. 

m^^l'l^llfi, S., of Iheiiriu Meyer Uros., 
nianulaetnrers, dealers in harness and 
saddlery harilwaro ; born in Pi-ovinoc of 
Westphalia, I'russia, in 18-10; when t) 
years of aye, his parents emigrated to 
Ameriea ; eam(> to Kt. Madison the same 
year, where he learned his trade ; he en- 
iiat;c'd in business here witli his brother 
in 1877. IK^ married Mary K. Hui'ord, 
a native of Yirj;inia, in October, 18(i8 ; 
they have thnt! ehildren — Lawrence, 
Blanrhe and Ivosn. 

Miller, 1^'rank (i., Ibundrv. 

llll^lir.K, II. C, grain-dealer. 

Miller, N. B., miller. 

Miller, Peter M., wood and coalman. 

Miller, Peter, miller. 

Miller, Peter, linnier, Sec. 2. 

Minder, flonas, engineer. 

Minnekemeier, C^harles, shoemuker. 

Mittenilorf, liaruey, drayman. 

Morgan, K., carpenter. 

JNlorgan, Thomas, retired. 

Morrison, Amzi, drayman. 

moititiso^, i>i:^NiN A., of 

the iirni ot JMonison Brothers, manufact- 
urer of plows, scrapers and agricult- 
ural implements ; was born in Koss Co., 
Ohio, Oct. 5, 18:{!) ; when 9 years of 
age, came with his parents to Iowa, and 
in 18515 they came to Ft. Madison; he 
went in his father's shop and learned the 
trade «)f plow-making ; tht>y carricnl on 
the business, sparing no elfort to make a 
superior [)low ; from this small beginning, 
their business has grown to the present 
magnitude. When the war broke out, 
he enlisted, in September, I8ti2, in the 
7th I. V. I., Co. D, and served until 
the close of the war, nearly three years ; 
^ since his return, he, with his father and 
brother, have carried on their extensive 
manufacturing business ; he gives his 
attention to the iron and steel work, and 
has the practical management of this 
de})artment. He nnirried Miss Emma 
A. Kennedy in October, 18ti8 ; she is a 
daughter of John G. Kennedy, one of 
the olde.^t settlers of Lee Co. ; they have 
three children — Maud E., Ed. K. and 
Don. 



moKinsoiv, josFJ'ii k., of 

the firm of Morrison Brothers, manu- 
facturers of ])lows, scrajji'rs and agricul- 
tural implements; was born in Boss (7o., 
Ohio, Aug. .'>1, 1812; his father came to 
Iowa in 1817, located in Kort INladison 
in 1853; Joseph was brought up and 
attended school here; when only 18 
years of age, he enlisted in 18G1 as a 
private in the 7th Regiment L V. I., 
Co. D ; he was promoted to Second 
Lieutenant in 18(52, and to First Lieu- 
tenant in 18(i:5, and was afterward pro- 
moted ami t'ommis^ioned Captain of his 
company ; he was in a nundn r of bat- 
tles, ann)ng them Belmont, Fort ILairy, 
Kort Donelson. luka, Corinth and 
tbrtHigh Sherman's campaign ; he was 
slightly hurt at Corinth ; he served on 
stall' duty for two years, and was mus- 
tered out in September, 18(54, with rank 
of Major and Lieutenant Colonel by 
brevet ; after tho war he returned, and 
since then has been connected witli their 
manufacturing business; July 1, 1875, 
Mr. IMorrison retired from the business, 
giving it up to his sons ; Joseph has the 
iinant'ial management of the business. 
lie marriod JNliss Toma Espy, a native 
of this city. May 5, 18(58 ; they have 
five children — Vincent, William, (Gene- 
vieve, Mabel and Maria. 

Morrison, S. 1)., Sr., retired. 

Mousehund, Peter, car|)entor. 

MIJI^'iLLKU, (.JKOIMilK, «tone- 
niasun ; born in Bavaria, (Jermany, July 
18, 1827 ; he was brought up there and 
learned the trade of stone-mason ; he 
emigrated to America in January, 1850; 
came to Iowa in June, 185(5 ; settled in 
Fort Madison and began working at his 
trade ; has worked at it every season lor 
twenty-three years. He marriod Miss 
Barbara Scheuermann, from Bavaria, 
Germany, Sejjt. 18, 1853; they have 
seven children — Barbara, Philippine, 
Elizab(!th, George, Katie, Emma and 
Charlie. Philippine married August 
Ellerman Dec. 8, 187(5 ; they have one 
son — George John (born M..iy 18, 1878). 

MlJKlilil^:it, JA€0B; proprietor 
saloon; was born in Baden, Gerniany, 
Nov. 24, 1840; he lived there until 25 
y<jars of age, when ho emigrated to 
America, lived in Cincinnati until he 
came to Fort Madison in 18(57 ; he 



744 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



worked in a brewery for some time ; then 
engaged in his present business in 1872. 
He married Mary Banker from Baden, 
Germany, April 24, 1872; they have 
two children — Charles F. and Henry W. 

Muncv, B. J., shino'le sawvcr. 

MYERS, FRANCIS M., of the 
firm of Myers & Myers ; was born in 
Fort Madison, Lee Co., Iowa, Dec. 13, 
1852 ; he was brought up and attended 
school here and learned the drug busi- 
ness; in March, 1879, he engaged with 
his brother in the grocery and provision 
business. 

Myers, J. F., retired. 

MYERS, M. M. M., of the firm 
of Myers & Myers, dealers in gro- 
ceries and provisions; was born in Fort 
Madison Sept. 21, 1847; he was 
brought up and attended school here; 
entered a drug-store in 1861 ; afterward 
■completed his education at the School of 
Pharmacy in Philadelphia ; he continued 
in the drug business until 1877, when 
he sold out, and, in March, 1879, he 
engaged in his present business with his 
brother. 

nSTTAGEL, ANTON, brickmason. 

SABERS, THEODORE, pro 

prietor of the Metropolitan Hotel ; born 
in Prussia April 15. 1821 ; he was 
brought up there and learned the tailor's 
trade ; he emiijrated to America in 
1844, and lived in Memphis and St. 
Louis until he came to this county, 
arriving in Fort Madison June 1, 1849, 
and began working at his trade, and was 
the first tailor to carry a stock of goods 
in this city ; he carried on the tailoring 
business with the general mercantile 
business for fiftetn years ; built the 
Metropolitan Hotel in 1858, and was in 
the hotel business for nine years ; rented 
it until 1875, when he again took 
charge of it. He married Catherine 
Pellts, from Holland, in September, 1847; 
she died in 1872 ; they had sixteen chil- 
dren, only four of whom survive — Ame- 
lia, Lette, Mary and Edward. He mar- 
ried Elizabeth Winkop, from Prussia, in 
August, 1873 ; they have one daughter 
— Josephine, and have lost one sou. , 

Nelle, Herman, merchant. 

Nelle, Joseph, cooper. 

Nordmann, Henry, cooper. 



XOBI.E, J. R., PROF., 

Superintendent of Schools of Fort 
Madison ; was born in Boone Co., 
Ky., in 1849 ; when quite young, he 
came to Iowa ; was brought up in this 
State and received his education princi- 
pally at Grinnell ; then entered the 
Theological Seminary at Chicago ; pre- 
pared himself for the ministry and be- 
gan preaching when 19 years of age ; 
he remained in the ministry of the M. 
E. Church and preached for nine years, 
then engaged in teaching ; he was 
elected Superintendent of Schools of 
this city in June, 1878. He married 
Miss Sallie McMullen, daughter of 
Maj. McMullen, of Oskaloosa ; they 
have two children — Willie McMullen 
and Carrie Belle. 

H^UXX, JOHN A., insurance agent, 
was born in Highland Co., Ohio, Aug. 27, 
1813; was brought up and lived there 
until 24 years of age ; then removed to 
Indiana, and while living there married 
Miss Charity Edgel, from Indianapolis, 
Ind., Dec. 23, 1839. Himself and wife 
and son, his brother, sister, father and 
mother, all came by wagon to Iowa, 
crossing the river Nov. 11, 1842, and 
spent that night with Judge Casey's 
mother ; they located in Van Buren 
Tp., and engaged in farming ; Mr. 
Nunn came to Fort Madison Nov. 15, 
1855, when he was appointed Deputy 
Clerk of the Courts; in 1857, he was 
elected Superintendent of Schools 
of Lee Co. ; he was appointed 
Deputy Sheriff; held that office for 
seven years ; he has held office of 
Mayor, Justice of the Peace, City 
Treasurer, and school offices. His wife 
died in 1864, leaving one son — Joseph 
A. In 1874, Mr. Nunn married Eliza 
J. Preston, of Clear Lake, Cerro Gordo 
Co., Iowa. 

Nunn, Joseph A., insurance and Deputy 
SheriflP. 
,CHS, CONRAD, blacksmith. 



O' 



Ochs, George, wagonmaker. 

ORM, AARON, bricklayer ; born in 
Hardin Co., Va., Feb. 11, 1806; when 
8 years of age, his parents removed to 
Athens Co., Ohio^ where he learned the 
trade of bricklayer. On the 26th of 
February, 1828, he married Miss Elea- 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 



745 



nor Simmons, a native of Athens Co., 
Ohio, born Sept. 27, 1809; they came 
to Iowa, arriving in Fort Madison, April 
14, 1849, and he began working at his 
trade ; he and his sons have helped to 
build most of the brick buildings in 
this city ; Mr. Orm has laid brick every 
year for the past fifty-four years. They 
have had twelve children, nine survive 
— George, Franklin, Sarah, Robert, 
Ruth, Oliver, Martha E., Mary A. and 
Clara. Mr. Orm had five sons and two 
sons-in-law in the army ; Christopher 
was killed in the battle of Atlanta, and 
Robert and Jonathan were both wounded 
iit the same battle ; Franklin was Cap- 
tain of his company in the 17th I. V. 
I. Mr. and Mrs. Orm have been mar- 
ried and passed together fifty-one years ; 
on the 26th of February, 1878, <hey 
celebrated their golden wedding ; Mrs. 
Orm's father was 100 years old 
when he married his third wife, and 
101 years of age when he died ; two of 
Mr. Orm's uncles and one aunt are over 
100 years of age. 

Osbutg, Christ, wine-grower, carpenter. 

Ottomeier, William, undertaker. 
(EITZ, FRANZ, retired. 



P' 



Pennartz, Hubert, saloon. 
Pennartz, John, retired. 
Pesel, John, wagon-maker. 
PETERS, CHARLES H., of the 

firm of Peters & Bernhard, proprietors 
of Potowonock Mills ; was born in Fort 
Madison Sept. 13, 1849; he grew up 
here and received his education at Ful- 
ton, Whiteside Co., 111.; then entered 
Commercial College at Chicago, and 
graduated ; entered the wholesale drug 
house of Fuller & Fuller, in Chicago, and 
remained there three years; in 1870, 
he became connected with the mills, and 
he has the financial management of the 
business. He holds the office of Treas- 
urer of the Construction Company for 
building the Fort Madison Narrow 
Gauge R. R. He married Miss Emma 
Howard, from Burlington, May 3, 1870 ; 
they have two children — Milton E., 
Florence M. 

Peters, Charles W., drusrgist. 

PETERS, JACOB, of the firm of 
Peters & Bernhard, proprietors of the 
Potowonock Mills ; born in Bavaria, 



Germany, Oct. 26, 1815; he came to 
America in 1834 ; lived in Ohio until 
1841, when he came to Iowa; arrived 
in Lee Co. Nov. 11, 1841, and began 
improving a farm; in 1847 , he came to Fort 
Madison and went to brick making, and 
was afterward selling and collecting for 
an agricultural implement house in 
Quincy, until 1852, when he went to 
California, crossed the plains, and re- 
mained there engaged in mining, store- 
keeping, hotel and brewing business, un- 
til he returned, in 1859. He engaged 
in the bakery business in 1863, with 
Mr. Bernhard ; in 1868, they built their 
large mill, and since then have been en- 
gaged in the milling business, and they 
do the largest business of the kind done 
here. He married Elizabeth Schnieder 
from Germany, in 1843 ; they have two 
children — Charles H. and Katie Sophia, 
now Mrs. Diedrich ; they have lost two 
sons. 
POIiliARD, JAMES, born in 
Spencer Co., Ind., Dec. 11, 1828; ob- 
tained a common-school education and 
commenced teaching in his 18th year. 
Was nominated by the Democratic party 
in his native county for the Legislature 
of 1852, but declined the nomination, 
as he had determined to emigrate to 
the State of Lowa, which he did in the 
fall of the same year, settling near 
Bloomfield, in Davis Co. ; shortly after- 
ward, went to Bloomfield and commenced 
the publication of the Bloomfield Dem- 
ocrat. In November, 1854, he married 
Miss Mary Ann Ellis, of Coshocton, Ohio; 
had four children — one son and three 
daughters — all now living; on March 
25, 1861, his wife died; she was of fine 
personal appearance, well educated and 
possessing many noble traits of character. 
In September, 1856, he was appointed 
Register of the United States District 
Land Ofiice at Council Blufis, which 
office he held for two years, then re.- 
signcd, returned to Bloomfield and en- 
gaged in the banking business in com- 
pany with his brother-in-law, John W. 
Ellis. In 1861, he was elected to the 
State Senate, and, in March, 1862, was 
married to his present wife, who has, 
from her writings under the nom de plume 
of Kate Harrington, obtained a national 
reputation ; four children have been 



'40 



PllUX^rOUY OK UEKOlHTJSTY: 



born to tlunu, tluw ot" wUoiu aiv now 
living; one ditxi in intunov. Mr. l\vU 
laixi moved to hoe Co, in I SOS. Was 
elected, in I ST I, Superintendent of the 
public schools of the ivuntv ; he is a 
IVmoerat ot' the old JetVei^on and Jack- 
son school, always ready to take the 
stun\p tor his party iVieuds, but noot^iot.^ 
seeker, only having boon a candidate 
when mnniuations wore thrust upon him 
by his [>jirty : he has, probably, since 
lSt50. inadcmore political speoclu\^ than 
any other man iii the State. 

rolln\iller. Jacob. See. S. 

Totts, \V. 0-.guiu\k prison. 

IVaUirer. ^Villiam. livervman. 

TKIC IIFTT, \V1LLI\:!I, Uv 
cry business and buying and selling 
stock ; was born in Oivene Co., renn.. 
May S, 1S3T ; his }>juYUts came to Iowa 
and located in Fort Madison in lSoJ>; 
wei'e early settlers heu>; William has. 
lived here forty years ; ho has been en- 
gj\gxHl in the livery business since ISYO, 
and is also eng'^igvd in buying and shi^>- 
ping stock. He married Miss Mary K. 
Oarrisou in ISlU ; they have tive chil- 
divu — Kichard, Alice, Albert. Knmk 
and John. Mr. Triehett's lather died 
iti ISTO; his mother died in lSl>T. 
"^HMTK. JOSKCU II.. blacksmith. 



E 



Uenne, John, wa^on-maker. 

KK.iUFK. L. «.. manufacturer and 
dealer in eigais and tobacco ; was born 
in Montgvnury Co., Penn., April S, 
ISUi ; ho was bnuight up in Tennsyl- 
vania,and came to Iowa in lSl>8 ; lived 
in Clinton two yea\-s. then in Cedar 
Rapids; came here in IS72; in 1ST5, 
he eng-aged in the cigjtr and tobacco 
business, and has bxiilt up a good trade, 
lie married Miss Matilda Oelandor in 
October, IST2; she was born in \"ir- 
ginia and was itiised here ; they have 
one daughter — Lottie. 

Khode. llenrv, teauiinir, 

KIC I1AK1>$<0]K, .\. J., tanner. 
Section t> ; he owns oL'l! acres of land ; 
he was born in Hamilton Co., Ohio, 
in 1SL*(>; his parents, David and Jemi- 
ma Richardson, came to Lee Co. in 
lS4ti; his father purchased the farm 
whieh A. J. now owns, the same year; 
his father died in .\pril, ISlJL'; his 
mother died in .Vucust, lStU>. ^Ir, 



Inchanlsen tuarried. in lS.">(i, Susan 
BuUard. a native of Illinois; they havo 
tive children — Kdwaixl, Kllen. Miltou, 
Abs,nKnu and Thcophilus; haveU^t two 
ohildivn — Kmma, agvd 14 years, aud 
Caxvline, who died at about the sam» 
agx\ 

Ixiefenacht, t\eoa"j»o, wagvn maker. 

Rippetjjjal, Conrad, g-jvixlener. 

Ritter. WilliauK physieian. 

KIX, JOIlS* surgvon dentist; was 
born in t\uuuia Jan. 4. ISoi*; came to 
the States in infancy, and was bumght 
up in Western New York, thence came 
to Mivhigan. Puriug tho war, he en- 
listed in Uetrv'it .\uii. L*S, lSt52. in tht^ 
Ith Regt. Mich. V. C.. Co. A ; he was 
promoted and commissioned Lieutenam 
of Co. tl Maivh IJ^ ISliU; his i"ogi- 
ment was in seventy -tive battU^s and 
skirmishes, and was the banner jvgiment 
of the State ; it was the ivginu^nt which 
captured JetV Davis; was umstered out 
at Nashville July I, lSl5;'>. At\er the 
war. liieut. Rix ivturued to Michig-5u», 
studied detitistry, atid took a medical 
course at the University of Michigiui, 
at Ann Arbor; he catne to Iowa ami 
located at Fort Madi.^on in .Vugust, 
IS74, and since then has practiced l\ere. 
He married Miss Maria K. Ha«Ut, iVoni 
Cass Co., Mich., Jan. 1, IStiT ; they 
havo one dauiihter — l.i>ttie .\, 

KOKFJIS, i3M>K4.;F.. nianufact- 
vu'cr and dealer ii\ harness and saddlery 
hai\iwa\\>; was born in Hollat\d Aug. 
25, ISoi? ; his parents emigrated to the 
Unitixl States in lSo7 ; they lived in 
St. Louis two years; went to Cincin- 
nati in IStO, when> Cicoige learned his 
trade of his ttither; the latter died in 
1S41>. aiul George came to Fort JMadisou 
in July, IS5(^ and engaged in his pr<.NS- 
cut business, and has continued it twen- 
ty-t»ine yiars longer than any other 
harness house in Lee Co.. extvpt liOi>- 
pold, of Keokuk. He n\arried in iX^ 
tober, ISfiT. JMiss Catharine Shields, .^i 
native of Fhiladclphia ; they have eight 
children- (Gertrude. Henry. Kmily. Ka- 
tie, Minnie, Kdwaril, Lewis and IVt. 

KOIIKIMS, A III. I. cinii- 

]HIXiiIS,!^l. !>., was born in Queons- 
bury fp,, Warren Co.. N. V., Jan. 15, 
lSr»0 ; he was the tit\h ehild of Jona- 
athan and Melita ^^(\inunings^ Roberts,, 



MAhlSON 'I'OVVNMIIII' 



717 



wild liatl a I'ainily nC roiirlccii ; in liis 
yiiiilli, lid iiMdiuIdd llu^ wiiit,»M' diiSlricil, 
sclimiJH, 1111(1, in (li(! Hnniincr, wdrkcd on 
liis rnllicr'.s liirni ; as lii^ ^nnv older and 
advanced in edueation, lui idleiided (lio 
I li,i!,li Seiidol at Adrian, IMi(;li., (or one 
itMin, lin(< mo.sl. of liis .sliidie.s were jnir- 
mikmI ni. odd linicM al lionie ; lie Hehutted 
medicine as ii iirolessioii, and hv.nt all 
his enorf^ies io iie(|uir() n, Hullieienl. de- 
cree ol' knowled^'e (o enable him (o j)ro|»- 
erly piirsne il .; nlVer makinj;' siic.li pro;:;- 
I'os.s as Ii(» could with I. his end in vi(iw, 
he alUMided leelnrcs dnrinu,' (he winhfr 
of liSr)0-r)l 111 (he UMiv(!rHi(y ol" iNlichi- 
piii ; his means Ixriiiiz; (oo lindd^l (.o 
c(iniple(o iiis s(ndies, lie \ven(, (o (,he 
I'lldunido ol' Ameri(!a (-aiiloniia — 
where he spent, (.wo years; in IH5;{, 
liavin;^' ac(Mnnula(.ed a. eoiisich'i'ahKt sum, 
ho rcidirned, ajijiiin at (ended lect.urcH at 
the University, and gnukud.cd as M. I), 
in 1851 ; (he same year, lie bi!fi;ai» to 
prac(ie.e in Otsego, Mich.; in iKf)!), he 
removed (.o l<\)r( Madison, and cni^af^dd 
actively in (.lie pracitice oC his prol'cssion ; 
in IHCilJ, he was appointt^d (lontract. 
Snr};'con in (he (JovcnimeiU, llospi(al at. 
Keokuk ; in Manrh, 1H(!;{, he was com 
^nissioiied Snri;'eon t<i the Hist. Missouri 
ITet^inuMd., and S(M-vc(I with it. until mus- 
tered out in Ajiril, ISGO; rcturniii;:,' 
home, ho iwsumod practice ; (Ik! doctor 
\n a man of wide ])opiilari(.y, and, in 
1S(!!), was ehiclod Treasurer of f.ho 
(louiity, holdinj^ (lie ollico for six huccoss- 
ive years; in IKT.'J, ho was elected 
Mayor of h'ort Madison. He was united 
in marriai^o, in iSftl, to ICniily A. dole, 
of Ann Arbor, Mich., but a nat.ive ol' 
Now York ; tluiy have (hroe children — 
all sons -h'laiik, the. oldcs(., is u ])hysi- 
(;ian, now u par(.n(!r in practice with bis 
liitber ; Dr. Uobcrls is ol'utn oallttd njion 
to perform important sur;:,icul operations 
on paticiiits from u distance; this was 
particularly thocaso since his return from 
s(!rvice in the army, when he (imnd a 
numbcM- of casos waiting for him ; ho 
has, for instance, li;j;atod successfully (lie 
hifb subclavian artory, and perfornuid 
many other capital operations; he was 
in all (he battles in Mi.s.sis.sippi, 'reniies- 
sco and Alabama ; alter each, tin; med- 
ical ofliccrs were kcjit bu.sy operating; 
for several days and nights without, rest ; 



when the arniy was disbambd, be re- 
turned home and was appointed I'ensioni 
Surf^eon ; but. being then, as now, owner 
and editor of (lie h'oit. Madison Dnnn 
crat, he was deposc^d, for political rea- 
sons, in IK7(»; he is a member of the 
Iowa Medical Soc^iety, and was a (hilo- 
ji;a((! from it to (he Amcritian Medical 
Association, in 1 K7 I ; he was l'rol'<'Ssor 
(d' TluMH-y and l'raeli(te of Medicine in 
t.lui (yolh^ge of lMiysi(;iaiis and Surgeons 
at. KiMdvuk, in iKOli (iiS, and delivei'(Hl 
two courses of lecitures; the doctor is a 
man (d' gntat mental ac^dvity and un- 
tiring industry and p(!rs(!verance, and 
popular and sinuressful in what(!V(U- he 
undertakes. lie is a niemlxu- of (In; 
M)isoni(! order, and at. present High 
Triest of the (!haplcr at P'ort Madi.son, 
a member ui' the h'ort Madison Medical 
Association, American Medical Asso- 
ciation and an honorary nuimlxtr of the 
(California Stato Medical Sooiely. 

ilollott, (Jeorge, sah^sman. 

RoHO, William, ganhuier. 

H.osen, .1 . 15., caipetder. 

ItOTII, .1. r., restaurant and .saloon; 
born in VVitl(!nb(irg, (i!(!iiiiany, in IHIT; 
when lli y(!ars of ag(!, he cmigrat.ed (,o 
America and came (o Burlington in 
iSf)!) and hiarned the baker's trade. He 
(iulistctl in (be army in March, 1HG4, in 
the ir)th I. V. I., Co. II, and served 
until Aug. .'{, IH().'">, and was disciiargod. 
Ho oanio to Kort Madison March 15, 
IHtiH, having taught school tho winter 
previous at Nio(;a; has Ih'v.u in business 
since ISOH; owns llii! building ho oc- 
cupies and olluir pidper(y. Ih; married 
Mi.ss (!a(.liarine l>oerr, a natives of 
(Germany, May 2H, iHtiS; they liavo 
one son- -Hollin (J. ; lost one son. 

Hump, (Jcoige, niciidiaiit. 

ItllSSIOIil., irOKI^IlT A., insur 
anoe ugoiit ; was born in Maryville, 
lilounfc Co., Tonn., Dec. 12, IHOIJ; lu^ 
received his education there and prcparcid 
himself for teaching. He married Miss 
Louisa, i). Spykor, a native of Abingdon, 
Va., in August, IS."!.'); in October, they 
came to Illinois and live<l then; until 
181)!), when they canio to Iowa, and lo- 
cated at Kort Madison. Ho engaged in 
teaching for three or I'oiir years. Was 
elected to (,he oiliceofCyOutdy Treasurer, 
(<oll(!ctor and li(!corder ; he held the 



748 



DIUKOVOKY v>F T.KK Cl>UNTY 



posifion of Secretary and Agont of the 
projootod railrv>ad fivtn Fort Madison ; 
he wa$ oUvtoil County Judgo and sorwxi 
tiivir yoai-!? ; ho was; appointed A!?s:i$tant 
Assessor of Internal Kovonuo for this 
■district, lie is now enpxged in the in- 
snranct^ business. Judge and Mi-s. 
Russell h.ave had three children, none 
of whom survive. They ar«> members 
of the l\esbyterian Church; Judge 
Russell has served as Elder in this 
church for over tirtv vears. 
71 AN l\ .ion N VI .; olothiuii merchant. 



b 



iSandi\>ss. Charles, clerk. 
Salmon, Joseph F.. druggist. 
Salmon . The dove. druiTiiisr. 
JliAWYKK, JF\XF/r T. ^KS., 

is a native of 3liddlesex Co.. Conn ; she 
was brvnight \ip in that State. She 
married Jt^seph Sawyer at Senei\<\ Falls. 
N. Y.. in lSi>S; ho was a native of 
Etigland; the year following, thev 
iMuignued to Iowa; arrived in Fort 
Madison in Septemlvr, lSoi\ and were 
anxong the early settlei"s ; he brought a 
stock of boots and shoes ; they spent the 
iii-st winter in West l\nnt ; about one year 
atUn-, they removed to Fort Madison, and 
Mr. Sawyer built the third brick house 
berv> ; he vr:\s actively engaged in 
business here for many yeai-s. and died 
in October, ISTT, leaving quite a larg-e 
property ; Mrs. Sawyer has no children ; 
she is actively iuteivsted in all charitable 
enterprises. Is an active member of the 
Pres^byterian Church and has btvn a 
teacher in the Sabbath school over thirty 
years. 
Sawver. Sanuiel. tVnit uivwer. 

SlIliFER, i,;KOm.!K 11., ot 

the tinn ot' tioorgv H. Sehater v*c Co.. 
wholesale manutacturiug dvugaists ; was 
born in Fort Madison July 15, ISIT ; 
he attended school here and completed 
his education at Western Union Collegv, 
Lyons. Iowa ; he comuuMiced to learn 
the drug busiui^-y^with Samuel Kckhart, 
of this city, who died in 1S(U; at^er 
his death, Mr. Schafer managed the 
business for McFarland c't Kckhart ; 
when he became of agv in ISOS, ho Ih^ 
<>ame a partner of Robert McFarland 
under the firm name of 3lcFarlaud, 
Kckhart «lt Schafer, which continued 
until the spring of 1ST-, when the firm 



became tieorgv 11. Schafer »!t Co.; they 
have the only steam laboratory in the 
West for the manufacture of the puivst 
and best gxHxis for the drug trade ; they 
are pioutvi-s ii\ this line of business in 
the West; Mr. Schafer has the m-nnag-e- 
ment of business and hsis laKuvd indt>- 
fatig-:»bly. and by his determintni energy 
built up a largv and constantly increas- 
ing trade. lie married Miss Natalie 
Koester J une 1 5. 1 809 : she was boru 
in Soest. Prussia, and came with her 
parents to America ; they came to St. 
Louis, where her tivther dieii of cholera ;v 
he ^^•as an intimate friend of Carl 
Schura. Mi.^s KvH^ter was brvnight up 
by Rev. Mr. Reis, former Pastor of the 
Lutheran Chuivh hen;\ under the 
guardianship of Mr. ShuUeuberg, of St. 
Louis ; she wsis educated and gnuiuattnl 
at Fulton. III. ; at\er graduating, she 
went to Kuivpe to visit relatives in 
Prussia and Relgium, and, upon her re- 
turn, they weiv married at the Astor 
House, in New York City, and now live 
in the old homestead in this city ; they 
have two children — Robbie and Lulu. 
SCH.VFFKK. JOllX !>., was 
born in Wurteniberg. t»evmany. April 
22, ISIT ; he emigrvttxi to America in 
July, ISoS; he worked as a journeyuuan 
baker succt^ively in Philadelphia. Cin- 
cinnati and Oetivit, until he settltHl in 
Caiiv, 111., in IS40, wheiv he started in 
business for himselt. with William Ben- 
der, now a prominent nunvhaut in 
Memphis, Tenu. ; in 1S4IV he removtMi 
to Iowa ; settled in Fort Madison. On 
the 2d of June, 184i>, he married 
Louisii Peters, daughter of Matthias 
Petei-s ; they have six children. He is 
still living in the wsidencx^part of the 
old homestead, which, with two store- 
rooms, constitutes what is known as 
Seh.att'er's Corner, built by him in 1S44. 
and whci-e he carried on the g-euend 
meivatitile busini\?s, until the hard 
tiim\*, bad debts, Kads' svvurities, v'tud 
other ivverst^, cimijvlUHi him to sell otF 
his stock at i^ost, pay all of his debts, 
o»\e hundnxl cents on the dollar, ami 
siH>k to ivcover his forttmes as sutler in 
the army; for invest of the time since 
the war, he has been and is still en- 
gagvxl as C^ua^^l at the lowx State Pen- 
itentiary. He is a quiet nxan, of unas- 



MADISON TOWNSHir. 



'40 



sumitiii' lunniuMs. kind to his t'unily, 
ami lovod by all who ivallv know him. 

l^chapov, Convaii, inoirhaut. 

Sohindhohn. Boniard, tailor. 

jiiiiiLvrr, <;i.oiu.;f., ot ih. 

firm otHJoo. Sohlapp i^ Hro., Kovt Mad- 
ison Hrowoiy ; was born in Uorniany. 
Nov. 27. 1^;U^ ; his pavonts oniijiratod 
to Aniorioa when ho was only 1- yoai-s of 
ujre ; oanio to h>wii in lS5o, and looatod 
in .Loo (\» ; ho ongajiod in tho browing 
bnsvness in 1858. and in l8lU), ho bnilt 
tho large brewery on Front street, 
where they earry on tho bnsiness ; it 
has a eapaeity of niannfaeturing i.OlM) 
barrels yearly. IMr. Sehlapp is promi- 
uently identified with the bnilding of 
the Fort Madison Western Narrow- 
tiauge H. 1\.. and is also aetively identi- 
fied with the interests of the eity and 
eounty ; he is a stoekholder and one o^' 
the Oireotors of the t«ennan-.Vnieriean 
Bank. He unirried Miss iMary Pn- 
puis. from Germany-, in ()etober, 18l»:>; 
they have six ehildren — Otto, Charlie, 
Max. Ida. Marv and tieorge. 
J»iCllli.ilM», IIE^'KV, of the tirm 
of George 8ohlapp i\: Hro., Fort Madi- 
son Brewery, was born in Germany Jan. 
15, 1841 ; with his {larents emigrated to 
Ameriea in 1851, and eame to Iowa and 
settled in Pes Moines Co. \Vhei\ the 
war broke out, he enlisted in 18(>1. in 
the 5th I. V. C, Co. F; he was in the 
battles of Fort Henry and Fort Donel- 
son, and in many other tights and skir- 
mishes ; was taken prisoner, paroled 
and left on the field with the wounded ; 
he was in the serviee until 18t55 ; after 
the war, he lived in Davenport. Ho 
eame here and began working in the 
brewery in 1871. and beeame assoeiated 
with his brother in the business. He 
married Miss Augusta Platseher, a 
native of this eounty, in August, 1875; 
they have two ehildren — llelena and 

5$1MhVf.H F.K. IIEXKV, billiard 
hall and saloon ; born in Marion Tp., 
Lee Co., Iowa, May 1, 184a; he was 
broughr up on a farm and lived there 
until Mareh 2, 18tU>, when he removed 
to Fort IMadison. and went in the gro- 
cery business; he was City JMarshal one 
year, and was eleetod Justiee of the 
Peace and served three >\''U's ; then was 



appointed Poputy ShevifV; also, held 
sehool otViees ; he then engaged in farin- 
inir for four yeai-s ; in Jaiuiary. 187!\ 
he eame in tho eity and engnged in his 
present business. He nu»rrit>d iMiss 
.Mary Ann Kern Nov. 24, 18(i4; .she 
was born in Lee (\>., in Marion Tp-i 
they have five ehildren — John T., Fjli/.a- 
betii. William IL, Anna C. and J. 
Bonnie. 

Selimidt Balthaser. rag-seller. 

Sehmidt, John, shoenniker. 

Schneider, L., jeweler. 

Schomaker, Henry, gardener. 

Sehomaker, J. B., tailor. 

8ohomaker. tlohn B., carpenter. 

8eholtz, Robert, briekmason. 

8chott, NVilliam, furniture-dealer. 

SrilKOI<:i>FJfi, III.ISKV ■.., of 

the firm o[' Uoberts i^. Sehroedor, pub- 
lishers of the Fort Madison l)(nu>crnf : 
was born here Atig. 25, 1848; entered 
tho office of the I*hiin Dtahr, where he 
learned the printing business ; he re- 
mained there nine years; in 1874. ho 
became associated with Dr. Kobcrts, and 
since then they have published tho 
Ihinocrat. He married Miss .Fjizzio 
Borehers, o\' this city, iMay 21, 1872; 
they have two children — Ida and tuMio- 
vieve. 

Schultc, Franz, shoemaker. 

8chultc, llennan H., merchant. 

IS€Hl'l/rK, I^TF.rilEX, plaster- 
er; was born in Prussia Jan. 18, 1821 ; 
he emigrated to America Dec. 25, 184(5 ; 
came to Iowa and settled in Fort JMadi- 
son in the spring of 1847 ; worked in 
brickyard and at steamboating ; then 
learned the plasterer's trade, and has 
worked at the business ever since then ; 
he has worked longer at the trade than 
any other plasterer in Fort ALulison ; 
when he came here he only had §7 in 
money ; now owns a nice home and 
other city property. He has held the 
office of City Alderman ten yeai-s. He 
married Aniui Mary Stetfcnsmeyer, from 
Prussia, Feb. 22, 1840 ; they have seven 
children ; they lost three sons ; Theresa 
is teaching in Baltimore; John. Mary, 
Stephen, Frank, Katie, Joseph. 

Schume, JMartin, retired. 

Schurck, Fred, Sec. 2. 

SCHWAKTZ, JOII\ II., dealer 
in drv uoods and clothinu'; was born in 



'50 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY : 



Fort Madison Jan. 10,1840; ho at- 
tended school hero, then in Kontuoky for 
throe years; in 1 SGI, he entered a store 
in Keokuk, and eontiniied there until 
the spring' of 18(,)4, when he engaged in 
business here ; irom o snuill beginning 
he has, by his energy and business ability, 
built up a large and extensive trade. 
He uuuTied Miss Pauline Holhuan, u 
native of Galena, Nov. 13, 1875; they 
have throe children — Eddie, Albert, 
Ernie. 
SCHWARTZ, JOSEPH «., 

uierehant dealer in boiits and shees ; was 
born in Fort Madison, Lee Co., Iowa, 
Oct. I, 185 1 ; his parents being early 
settlers. Joseph was brought up here, 
and attended school ; completed his ed- 
ucation in 8t. Louis ; he was engaged 
in business about live years; in 187G, 
he engaged in the boot and slioe busi- 
ness here; carries a well-selected stock 
of fine goods, and has the best class of 
trade. 

S KUIP.LK, ¥. H., attorney ; was born 
in Hradlbrd Co., Penn., June 24, 1841 ; 
when only 4 years of age, his father re- 
moved to Iowa; settled in Leo Co. in 
1845, near Franklin, and practiced law 
in this county from 1847 to 1875 ; F. 
H. received his education in this coun- 
ty, and studied law with his fither ; was 
admitted to the bar in Oeci>mbor, 18G7, 
and since then has practiced law here. 
He enlisted July 25, 18G2, in Co. E, 
19th Keg. Iowa Inf , and served three 
years. He married Miss Catharine (>. 
Walter, a native of Venango Co., Penn., 
Sept. 25, 18G6; theyhave four children 
—Edgar H., Je^^sie W., Albert H. and 
Francis. 

SHAW, WM. B., retired bricklayer; 
was born at New Albany, Ind., April aO, 
1825; when 11 years of age, moved to 
Illinois ; came to Iowa, and located in 
Fort Madison, in the spring of 1841, 
and learned the trade of bricklayer ; 
worked at that business until 18G8, and 
since then, tor the past ten years, he has 
been engaged in biiying and selling real 
estate and attending to his property ; 
when he begay life, he had nothing, and 
by industry and good management, he 
now owns a number of houses and lots 
hero, 100 acres adjoining the city and 
two other farms. He married Julia 



]Mc(Tinley, of Ohio, in 1851 ; she died 
in 18G0, leaving two children — Mary 
and Eddie. He married Elizabeth Boley, 
from Indiana, in 18G4 ; they have one 
daughter — Cora. 

Shepherd, Addison. 

Siemer, Clemens, bricklayer. 

Sieman, Henry, janitor. Court House. 

Sierwcke, Joseph, tailor. 

SliACK, THOIIAS A., black- 
smith and agent tor agricultural imple- 
luents ; was born in (Treene Co., S. C, 
May 30, 1829 ; he came to Cincinnati 
in early childhood, lived there and in In- 
diana, and learned the trade of black- 
smith ; he came to Iowa and located in 
Lee Co., in 1852 ; he has been engaged 
in selling agricultural implements for 
tiltoeu years and has done an extensive 
business; in the fall of 1874, his place 
of business was burned out ; he lost con- 
siderable ; he has a taste for fine horses, 
and his daughter, " Kittie," is one of 
the most expert drivers in the State. 
He married Emily Sargent, from En- 
gland, in April, 1877; they have one 
son, Thomas Edward, born Feb. 12, 
1879. Mr. Slack has had three daugh- 
ters by former marriage — Juliet, Lizzie 
and Kittie. 

Smith, Albert IL, tinner. 

Smith, Charles A., tinner. 

SMITH, KDWIM l>., dealer in 
hardware, stoves and house-furnishing; 
goods ; was born in England Nov. 21, 
1840; his parents emigrated to Amer- 
ica when he was only G years of age ; 
came the same year to Iowa, and settled 
in Fort Madison ; he enlisted in the 19th 
1. V. I., Co. E ; he was in the battle of 
Prairie Grove, capture of Vicksburg, 
Fort Brown, Texas, Spanish Fort, and 
many other severe tights and skirmishes ; 
he received iour tlesh wounds ; was 
taken prisoner at Morganz:i, but was held 
only a few minutes, when, with two oth- 
ers, he escaped ; after Ins return, he 
engaged in the hardware business. He 
married JMiss Bessie IM. Smith, a native 
of Virginia, in October, 187G. 

SMlTil, KI>W1X F., of the firm 
of E. F. Smith <!t. Co., meat market; 
was born in England April 29, 1847; 
his parents emigrated to this country in 
1848 ; came to Iowa the same year, and 
located in Fort Madison, in June, 1848 ; 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 



751 



Edwin was brought up here ; he was 
engaged in steamboating for three years, 
holding the position of cleric and ex- 
press agent ; ho established his present 
business in 1872, and since then has 
carried it on successfully ; in 1875, his 
brother became interested with him in 
the business. Mr. Smith does a strictly 
cash trade, and never asks credit of any 
one, nor will he buy anything unless he 
pays for it when he gets it. 

Smith, Frank R., tinner. 

Smith, George H., tinsmith. 

Smith, J. P., barber. 

Smith, John A., blacksmith. 

SMITH, JOSEPH A., DR., 
Cashier of the Fort Madison Bank ; 
was born in Greensburg. Westmoreland 
Co., Penn., Feb. 27, 1821 ; his father 
was a native of Boston, Mass., and was 
a graduate of Yale College, and took a 
degree at Harvard ; he removed to Pitts- 
burgh, Penn., and published The Hespe- 
rus, the first literary paper pnblished 
west of the Alleghanies, and was the 
first editor of The Saturday Evening 
Visitor^ which is still published there. 
Dr. Smith was brought up and attended 
school in Pittsburgh; took his classical 
course and completed his education at 
Danville, Ky.; he studied medicine and 
graduated in 184-4; practiced medicine 
in Ohio until the spring of 1851, then 
came to Iowa, and located in Farming- 
ton and practiced his profession for some 
years ; then engaged in the mercan- 
tile business, also, in the packing 
and provision business; he carried on 
this business very succcvssfully ; in the 
ftvll of 1868, he removed to Fort Mad- 
ison; in 1875, he associated with him 
Mr. Charles Brewster, engaged in bank- 
ing ; they are men of large property and 
sterling integrity, and enjoy the confi- 
dence of the citizens of Lee Co. and 
the whole State ; when Dr. Smith 
began life, he had nothing, and owes his 
success in life to his own efforts. He 
married INIiss Ellen E. Laws, from 
Barnesville, Belmont Co., Ohio, Dec. 3, 
1845 ; they have one adopted child, 
Ellen E. P. Smith. 

Smith, Robert E.. salesman, lumber-yard. 

SMITH, JROSWELL. J., Re- 
corder of Lee Co.; born in Denmark 
Tp., Lee Co., Feb. 12, 1841, where he 



received his education ; he has used 
crutches since he was 4 years of age ; 
yet he educated himself, and when he 
was 10 years old, began teaching, and 
when 21 years of age, he had a good 
horse and saddle and $200 out at inter- 
est, all saved from his earnings ; he 
taught ten years, and was engaged in 
the boot and shoe business ten years, 
and was elected Recorder in 1876, and 
re-elected in 1878. Married Miss Car- 
rie A. Sheffield Sept. 3, 1867 ; she was 
a native of Indiana, but her childhood 
was passed in the city of New York ; 
they have two children — Winnifred A. 
and John Owens ; they have lost two 
children. 

SMITH, THOMAS, dairyman and 
ice-dealer ; was born in England Aug. 
20, 1815 ; lived there until 1848, when 
he emigrated to America; came to Iowa 
and located in Fort Madison the same 
year, aiTiving there in June, 1848. 
While in England, married Mary Ekins 
in 1837 ; after coming here he kept a 
dairy for a long time ; he owns Island 
No. 14 in the Mississippi River, oppo- 
site Fort Madison, and has served steam- 
boats with milk day and night during 
the summer season for twenty-eieht 
years ; he has also been engaged in the 
ice business over twenty years. Has 
held the office of City Alderman. 
They have six children — Robert, ■ Wal- 
ter, Ekin, Edwin B., Mayme and Sid- 
ney T. 

Smith, Walter, butcher. 

SOECHTIG, AUGUST, Jr., 
of the firm of Soechtig & Uiedrich, 
grocers and bakers ; born in Brunswick, 
Germany, Nov. 25, 1841 ; his parents 
came to America when he was only 2 
years of age ; after living in New Or- 
leans, and Belleville, 111., they came to 
Iowa and located in Fort Madsion in 
1 844 ; August was brought up here 
and learned the baker's trade ; he was 
in St. Louis about three years. He en- 
listed in the army Oct. 6, 1861, in the 
5th Regiment I. V. C, Co. F, and was 
inb 'attics of Fort Donelson, Murfreesboro, 
and many fights and skirmishes ; he was 
in the service three years ; was mus- 
tered out Oct. 10, 1864 ; after the war, 
he returned and engaged in business 
here Oct. 1, 1866. He married Miss 



752 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY; 



Elizabeth Diedrich, a native of Germany, 
Sept. 25, 1865; she died April 23, 
1874, leaving four children; three sur- 
vive — Freddie, Dora and Lulu. He 
married Miss Louisa Diedrich in 1875 ; 
she was born in this county Dec. 5, 
1848 ; they have one son — Charlie. 

Spach, James, works on E,. E. 

SPllEEX, HENRY C, saloon; 
was born in Germany Sept. 13, 1843 
when 15 years of age, he came to Amer- 
ica in 1858, and lived in Pittsburgh, 
Penn., until the war broke out, when he 
enlisted as private in August, 1861, in 
the 77th Regiment Penn. V. I., Co. B, 
Army of the Cumberland ; he was in 
the battles of Shiloh,. Stone River, Lib- 
erty Gap, Chickamauga, where his regi- 
ment was nearly all captured, also at 
Lookout Mountain, in the Atlanta cam- 
paign, at Jonesboro, Franklin and Nash- 
ville ; he was wounded in the battle of 
Stone River ; was promoted and com- 
missioned Lieutenant, and received the 
Badge of Honor ; it is of gold; the tri- 
angle represents the 4th, the acorn, the 
14th, and the star, the 20th, army corps ; 
after the war, returned to Pittsburgh ; 
he came to Iowa and located in Fort 
Madison in January, 1875. He mar- 
ried Miss Sophia Voight, a native of 
Germany, in September, 1867. 

Stabb, John, gardener. 

Stackman, William, carpenter. 

Staub, William P.. Ex-County Clerk. 

STEMPEIi, H, C, Deputy Clerk of 
the Courts of Lee Co. ; was born in 
Prussia in 1833 ; when 14 years of age, 
he came to America, in 1847 ; he came 
to Iowa and located in Fort Madison, 
and learned the saddler's trade ; he aft- 
erward studied law with Hon. John 
Van Valkenburg, and was admitted to 
the bar in May, 1862; he was appointed 
Deputy Clerk of the Courts in 1864, 
and served two years, and since then 
has practiced law here, until he was ap- 
pointed to his present position in Janu- 
ary, 1879. He married Miss Anna B. 
Degenhardt, a native of Prussia, May 
1, 1867 ; they have four children — 
Guido, Austin, Carl aud Selma. 

STEMPEI., HERMAN F., M. 
JD,, physician and U. S. Revenue Gau- 
ger ; was born in Prussia, July 24, 
1824. He was brought up and received 



his education there, and studied medi- 
cine ; he emigrated to America in 1847 ; 
came to Iowa and settled in Ft. Madi- 
son the same year ; practiced medicine 
until 1852 ; then held the office of 
Deputy County Treasurer and Recorder 
for eleven years, until January, 1864; 
in 1869, he was appointed U. S. Reve- 
nue Guager, and since then has held 
that position, and has also practiced his 
profession. He married Charlotte 
Walter, from Hanover, Germany, Nov. 
10, 1853; she died in 1876, leaving six 
children — Eugene, Arthur, Valeska, 
Wolfgang, Willie and Herman ; they 
lost three children. 

Stephenson, E., clothing dealer. 

Stephenson, John, clothing dealer. 

Stewart, Alex., traveling agent. 

Stewart, Ed., inventor. 

Stewart, H. C, grain dealer. 

STEWART, WIIiLrlAM, 
COli., retired ; was born in Sussex 
Co., N. J., June 4th, 1790. His father, 
Daniel Stewart, was born in Litchfield, 
Conn., November 18, 1762; wheo 15 
years old, he enlisted as a soldier in the 
Revolutionary army, and served till the 
close of the war ; he then removed to 
Sussex Co., N. J., where he engaged, 
successfully, in business for several 
years, and accumulated some property ; 
in 1801, he exchanged his property in 
New Jersey for two shares in the Ohio 
Company's purchase, and closed out his 
business with a view to moving West. 
Col. William Stewart, his son, who ac- 
companied his father to Ohio, says : "In 
October, 1802, father returned to the old 
farm to rig out a team for emigration 
to the Northwest Territory ; the prepar- 
ations having been completed, a day 
and hour was set for starting ; at the 
appointed time, 8 o'clock A. M., about 
a hundred friends and neighbors from 
^all quarters came flocking in to bid us 
farewell, and I shall never forget the 
scene that followed ; they all thought 
we were going so far beyond the world's 
boundary that we should never be heard 
of again ; the hubbub lasted till 5 o'clock 
in the alternoon before father cotild say 
good bye with a strong voice, and then 
we started ; went three miles and camped 
for the night. The next morning, we 
moved on ; the teams were heavily 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 



753 



loaded and the, roads tolerable till we 
approached the Alleghany Mountains, 
when they became terribly rough and 
dangerous ; crossing the mountains the 
family were afraid to ride in the wagons, 
and, therefore, walked this part of the 
way ; at the very steep descents, father 
would cut saplings, fasten them, top- 
foremost, to the tail of the wagon, and 
then go down, depending on the sap- 
lings as a brake. The journey was a 
long, wearisome and dangerous one, but 
we finally reached the Hockhocking in 
safety." This was in the winter; Mr. 
Stewart settled on a fine tract of land 
on the river about a mile above the 
mouth of Federal Creek ; possessing 
considerable means, great energy and 
uncommon business talent, he soon had 
the best farm in the county; as early as 
1810, he had an orchard of three thou- 
sand bearing fruit trees — two thousand 
peach and one thousand apple trees — at 
that time, probably, the largest orchard 
in the State ; he was one of the first 
two Justices of the Peace in the town- 
ship (Elijah Hatch being the other), 
and acted as such altogether more than 
twenty years ; he was County Commis- 
sioner for many years, and was appointed 
by the Legislature one of the early Ap- 
praisers of the College lands. Mr. Stew- 
art was an active member of the Meth- 
odist Church for sixty years of his life ; 
always contributed liberally to the sup- 
port of its ministers and the erection 
of churches; he died Feb. 20, 1858. 
The subject of this sketch came to Ohio 
with his parents in 1 802 ; when 1 7 years 
of age, he was elected a Lieutenant in 
the Militia, and was Captain of a com- 
pany raised there in 1812, which ex- 
pected to be but was not called into the 
service; some years later he was appoint- 
ed a Colonel. The contract for erecting 
the Ohio University Building was 
awarded to him in 1817. He married 
Julia Hulbert, a native of Connecticut, 
in 1813; she died in 1823, leaving two 
children — William R. and Emeline ; he 
afterward married Miss Julia C. Car- 
penter, a native of Connecticut ; they 
emigrated to Iowa, located in Lee Co. in 
1840, and engaged in the mercantile 
trade; in 18-l:7,he was elected Superin- 
tendent of schools, and during that and 



the following year he organized one 
hundred and five school districts ; he 
has held otlier offices. There are very 
few men now living who have seen the 
first President of the United States, yet 
Col. Stewart has seen George Wash- 
ington, and was well acquainted with 
Aaron Burr. Col. Stewart has been 
a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church since 1810 — nearly seventy 
years. Col. Stewart and his wife 
have six children — Charles, living in 
Chicago ; Mary (now Mrs. Knapp) ; 
Alexander, living here ; Edward, living 
here ; D. Wallace, living in Ottumwa ; 
Lucy (now Mrs. Hawley), living in 
Ottumwa. 

Stilwell, William, blacksmith. 

STOEVEXER, JOHl^ T., Depu- 
ty County Treasurer ; was born in Ger- 
many, April 30, 1845 ; attended school 
and entered the seminary at Buerin, West- 
phalia, where he completed his education, 
graduated and received his certificate as 
teacher ; he came to the United States 
in November, 1866 ; after remaining in 
St. Louis a short time, he taught school 
in Madonnaville, Monroe Co., 111., three 
and a half years ; then came to Fort 
Madison, in 1869, and was engaged in 
teaching over five years, and resigned 
May 1, 1875; was a partner in the 
Concordia Brewery until Jan. 1, 1876, 
when he was appointed to his present 
position ; he has held office of Town 
Clerk for three years. He married Miss 
Nellie Scheid in August, 1868 ; she is 
native of Germany, but has lived in this 
State since 4 years of age ; they have 
four children — Theodore, Lizzie, Minnie,. 
Nellie ; they lost one son, Ferdinand. 

Storms, Jacob, guard, Prison. 

Styner, Jacob, carpenter. 

Suesse, August, Sec. 2. 

Sweeney, George W., guard, Prison. 
lAMME, FRED., retired. 



T 



TE WKSBURY, J. R., photograph 
artist ; born in New Hampshire, near 
Concord, May 17, 1831 ; his parents, 
who were from Tewksbury, England, 
removed to Western New York, where he 
was brought up ; he came to Iowa in 
1854 ; in April, 1856, he opened the 
first railroad ticket office in Keokuk ; he 
held the position of General Westera 



754 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY; 



Agent of the C, B. & Q. R. R., for six 
years ; went across the plains to Idaho 
-and Montana ; was engaged in fruit cul- 
ture in Southern Illinois ; was in business 
in New York City ; then returned to 
Iowa and was engaged in photographing 
at Farmington for eight years, and 
-established the business here in the fall 
of 1875. He married Miss E. Carrie 
Grubb May 27, 1856 ; she is a native 
-of MeConnellsville, Morgan Co., Ohio ; 
hier father, Walter Grubb, came to Iowa 
dn 1841, and was an old settler ; he was 
Postmaster at Farmington for many 
years. 

Thomas, Gustar, merchant. 

Tieken, Henry, stone-mason. 

TIEKEN, JOHN B., stone-mason ; 
was born in Hanover, Germany, July 20, 
1818 ; he came to America in January, 
1841 ; lived in Vicksburgand St. Louis 
for three years ; came to Iowa and 
-settled in Fort Madison, in December, 
1844, and began working at his trade of 
^tone-mason ; he has continued at it 
since then ; when he came here he had 
nothing, and now owns several houses 
and lots and four acres of land in the 
city limits. He married Margaretta 
Meier, from Germany, June 24, 1844 ; 
she died in October, 1875 ; they have 
three children — Heinrich, living in Mil- 
waukee ; Elizabeth, teaching in High 
School ; Anna Mary, at home, keeps 
house for her father. 

Traga, Frank, Sec. 4. 

Traga, John, grocer. 

Treusch, Peter, shoemaker. 

TREllAINE, HARMON H., 
of the firm of Dawley & Tremaine, 
publishers of the Fort Madison Plain- 
dealer ; was born in Oconomowoc, 
Waukesha Co., Wis., Aug. 3, 1852 ; 
when 14 years of age, removed to Web- 
ster Co., Iowa, attended school and pre- 
pared himself for teaching; he began 
teaching when 19 years of age, and 
taught for seven years, until coming to 
Fort Madison ; he associated with John 
M. Dawley, and purchased the Plain- 
dealer in November, 1878. 

"Troener, Frank, tinner. 

UN VERZAC^T, HENRY H., 
merchant and dealer in groceries 
and provisions ; was born in Brunswick, 
Germany, Dec. 24, 1839 ; when only 6 



years of age, his parents emigrated to 
America, and came to Iowa and settled 
in Fort Madison in the same year, in 
1845 ; he was guard at the prison seven 
years ; he has been engaged in mercan- 
tile business for the past thirteen years ; 
he has held the office of City Alderman 
for seven years ; held the office of Mayor 
pro tern, for two years, and was Repre- 
sentative in the Grand Lodge of Odd 
Fellows; he was initiated in the Order 
in 1861, He married Miss Mary A. 
Kingsley, a native of Pennsylvania, at 
Greensburg, Penn., Oct. 25, 1863; 
they ha"ve one daughter — Sadie. 
XTASKE, HERMAN, wagon-maker. 

VAN VAJLKENBURG, 

JOHN, attorney, of the firm of Van 
Valkenburg & Hamilton ; was born in 
Lincoln Co., Canada, April 16, 1832 ; 
when 9 years of age, he came with his 
parents to the States ; they came to 
Iowa and located in Lee Co. in 1846, 
settling on a farm; when 17 years of 
age, John entered the preparatory school 
of Prof. Howe, at Mt. Pleasant ; be re- 
mained there about three years, then 
went to Oberlin, Ohio, and completed 
his education at Knox College, Gales- 
burg, 111.; while there, he was elected 
Principal of the State Normal School of 
Iowa ; by the recommendation of the 
President and Faculty of the College — 
after occupying this position for one 
year with ability and satisfaction to all 
— they tendered him the appointment 
for another year, but he declined; hav- 
ing chosen the study of law as his pro- 
fession, he entered the law office of 
Cornell, Jamison & Wait ; he completed 
his law studies with Miller & Beck, of 
this city, and was admitted to the bar 
Oct. 15, 1857 ; the following July, he 
began the practice of law ; has con- 
tinued for over twenty years, and is the 
oldest lawyer now in practice in Fort 
Madison ; he was Congressional Elector 
in 1864, and Presidential Elector at 
large in 1876 ; in 1874, he was a can- 
didate for Congress, and came within 
one vote of receiving the nomination ; 
George W. McCrary was nominated on 
the 147th ballot ; he held the office of 
Deputy District Attorney for two years ; 
he is prominently identified with secret 



MADISON TOWNSHIP. 



755 



societies, being Grand Warden of the 
Orand Lodge of Odd Fellows, and is 
also in the highest chair of the order of 
Knights of Pythias in this State, and 
for three sessions he has been a member 
of the National Council of the Grand 
Lodge of the World ; he is the author 
of the Standard Manual of the Order of 
Knights, which is about to pass to its 
third edition ; he has now prepared and 
ready for the press, " The Jewels of 
Pythian Knighthood ; " Mr. V. is a 
self-made man, acquired his education by 
his own efforts, and worked his way to 
his present position. He married Miss 
Mary J. Douglass July 3, 1861 ; she is 
a native of this city and county, daughter 
of James Douglass ; they have three 
children — Edward Douglass, Clement 
Lincoln and Joel Walker. 

Viele, Philip, retired. 

Voss, John G., saloon. 

TTTAGNER, W., guard, prison. 

WAJLKEK, J. C, DR., retired; 
was born in Springfield, Ohio, Feb. 7, 
1813 ; he received his education in that 
State, and studied medicine and gradu- 
ated at Jefferson Medical College, 
Philadelphia, in 1836 ; he came to 
Iowa, and located in Fort Madison in 
December, 1836, and is one of the few old 
settleis now living, who emigrated here 
during that year ; he engaged in the 
practice of medicine. On the 10th of 
October, 1838, he married Miss Martha 
N. Stewart ; she was a native of Missouri, 
and daughter of Dr. Abraham Stewart, 
Surgeon in the United States Army ; she 
•came to Lee Co. in October, 1835, and is 
the oldest settler in Fort Madison ; she 
has lived in three Territories without 
removing ; when she came here, this 
was Michigan Territory, until July, 
1836; from" that time until 1838, was 
Wisconsin Territory, and in 1838, it 
"became Iowa Territory. Her mother, 
now 84 years of age, lives with her. Dr. 
Walker practiced here for fifteen years. 
He held the office of Clerk of the 
United States District Court for five 
years, under the Territorial Govern- 
ment, and held the office of Collector of 
Internal Revenue of the First Iowa Dis- 
trict, from August, 1862 until July, 
1867. He has always been a strong 



Aiitislavery man, and has been actively 
identified with the interests of the city 
and county ; he has held the ofiice of 
Mayor of the city. Dr. and Mrs. 
Walker have had six children ; three 
survive — Emily W., who married Rev. 
Geo. D. Stewart, Pastor of the First 
Presbyterian Church, of this city ; Mar- 
garet, living in Washington, D. C., and 
Bufi"on S., who is a civil engineer. 

Walter, Abraham, furniture-maker. 

Walter, Daniel, fruit-grower. 

Walter, Francis, merchant. 

Watson, Abraham, painter and paper- 
hanger. 

Weitman, Michael, miller. 

WEI.SI1VG, HERMAN, Treas- 
urer of Lee County ; was born in West- 
phalia, Germany, April 23, 1829 ; he 
emigrated to America in 1855 ; came to 
Iowa in 1857 ; located at West Point, 
in this county, and engaged in the mer- 
cantile business ; he continued until the 
fall of 1875, when he was elected 
County Treasurer ; re-elected in the fall 
of 1877 ; he has held oE&ce of Assessor, 
Justice of the Peace, Mayor and Postmas- 
ter of West Point, and other town and 
school offices. He married Miss Mary 
Ann Benjamin, of New Orleans, Oct. 1 1, 
1863 ; they have six children — August, 
Annie, Theresa, Emrich, William, Ida. 

Werner, Frank, tailor. 

Westerhoff, Theodore, tailor. 

Westhalen, Ignatus, carpenter. 

Westphalen, William, far.. See. 7. 

WESTON & CO. 

WESTON, JOHN H., of the firm 

of Weston & Co.; among the large man- 
ufacturers of lumber in the West is the 
firm of Weston & Co., of La Crosse, 
Wis., and Fort Madison ; the principal 
member of the firm, John H. Weston, 
was born in Skowhegan, Me., June 5, 
1848 ; when 14 years of age, he came 
West and attended school in Chicago 
and in Bureau Co., 111. for two years; 
then entered the office of his father,who 
was carrying on the lumber business ; 
from his close application to the interests 
of the business, its direction devolving 
largely upon him, when 21 years of age 
he became associated with his father, and 
since then he has had the entire active 
management of the large and extensive 
business conducted by this firm ; during 



756 



DIRECTORY Of LEE COUNTY : 



the winter season thej employ 300 to 
400 men iu gettins: out logs; besides 
their mills at La Crosse and Fort Madi- 
son, they have mills and warehouses in 
Wisconsin ; their mills have a capacity 
of manufacturing 12,000,000 feet of 
lumber yearly ; they also do a large 
logging business, selling from 8,000,000 
to"lO,000,000 feet of logs, in addition 
to what they cut for their own milling. 
Mr. Weston married Miss Adett V. 
Plotte, ofYirgmia, Dee. 13, 1871. 

W^etzstein, Christ, shoemaker. 

IIEVER, LAURA C, MRS., 
formerly Miss Laura C. McConn, is a 
native of this city, and a daughter of 
Daniel McConn, Esq., one of the earliest 
settlers of Lee Co. ; she gxew up here, 
and was educated in St. Louis. She 
married C. R. W^ever, a native of Jeffer- 
son Co., N. Y. ; he was engaged in the 
banking business, and died in February, 
1874, leaving a large property. 

Whiteaker, John, retired Judge. 

Wibkes, John B.,gardiner. 

Wiebler, Barney, carpenter. 

Wiebler, Frank, carpenter. 

W^iebler, Henry, tailor. 

Wilde, Jonathan, grocer. 

Wilkin, William, carpenter. 

W^ilmotte, Henry, plasterer. 

W^illing, Henry, farmer, Sec. 5. 

Wilson, Cromwell, retired. 

Wilson, E. Gr., merchant. 

WILSOX, HAZElSf, retired ; was 
born in Windsor Co., Vt., June 21, 
1825 ; when 12 years of age, his parents 
emigrated to Iowa ; they came by 
wagons, his father driving one ox-team 
and he and his brother drove the other ; 
they started May 19, 1837, were ten 
weeks on the way, and arrived in Lee Co. 
the last of July, 1837 ; they located in 
Washington Tp., on Sec. 1, and made a 
farm ; they built a saw-mill on Lost 
Creek, started it in December, 1838, 
and sawed the first lumber in Lee Co.; 
in 1849, they rebuilt their mill ; in the 
spring of 1850, Hazen started overland 
to Oregon ; he went with an ox-team, 
and was six months on the way ; he re- 
mained there three years, was engaged in 
manufacturing lumber ; he built five saw- 
mills while there ; he returned in 1853, 
and in 1855 bought his brother's mill 
on Skunk Creek : operated that a short 



time, and then removed to Mendota 
111., lived there three years ; and went to 
Southern Illinois and engaged in fruit- 
growing ; he had the largest fruit orchard 
in the State, if not in the country ; it 
contained 1,100 trees and he grew small 
fruits in proportion ; he returned to Ft. 
Madison in 1870, and since then has 
not been engaged in active business, ex- 
cept attending to the care of his prop- 
erty. He is a strong Eepublican and 
was an Old-Line Abolitionist when it cost- 
men something to stand by their princi- 
ples. He married Miss Susan Dean, a 
native of Ohio, Dec. 3, 1853; they 
have two daughters — x\da and Birdie 
May. 

W^ilson, John, lumber-dealer. 

Wilson, J. Gr., Consul to Jerusalem. 

Windmeier, Alexander, liquor-dealer. 

WIXTER, WILEIAM, City 
Assessor of Fort Madison ; born in 
York, York Co., Penn., Jan. 27, 1827 ; 
when 9 years of age, his father moved 
to Ohio ; William lived there until the 
spring of 1847, when he enlisted for the 
Mexican W^ar, in the 4th Regiment, 0. 
V. I., Co. (x ; the regiment voted to 
enlist for the war ; he was discharged 
Aug. 20, 1848, returned to Ohio, and, 
in the spring of 1849, married Miss 
Mary A. Crisher, a native of Pennsyl- 
vania ; they came to Iowa, settled in 
Ft. Madison, and opened a bakery; in 
the summer of 1852, his wile and one 
child died of cholera, leaving one son — 
William H.; he returned to Ohio, re- 
mained two years, and there, on Dec. 17, 
1853, married Minerva L. Cook, of 
Ashland, Ohio ; they came here in 1854, 
and since have resided here. Mr. Win- 
ter has held the office of City Assessor 
for sixteen years ; they have six children 
— Charles F. (pilot on the ferry), 
George, Albert, Clara, Julia and Sher- 
man. 

WITZ, FRED, bricklayer ; was born 
in Baden, Germany, Sept. 26, 1826 ; 
he learned his trade there ; he emigrated 
to America in 1854, and lived in St. 
Louis until 1872, when he came to 
Iowa and settled in Fort Madison ; since 
then he has followed his trade, and has 
made what he owns by his earnings. 
He married Amelia Nachtwine, from 
Prussia, in 1854. 



MONTROSE TOWNSHIP. 



757 



Wolter, William, far., Sec. 5. 

Woodward, A., river pilot. 

Wright, John, engineer. 

Wright, Thomas, engineer. 

WRICj^HT, ROSANNA, MR8., 
formerly Miss Rosanna Irvin ; was born 
in Virginia ; came to Indiana, where 
she married Thomas Wright in 1827; 
he was a native of South Carolina and 
was born in 1801; they lived in Indi- 
ana about ten years, then removed to 
Illinois, where they lived until coming 
here in 1851 ; Mr. Wright died of 
cholera in 1850, leaving nine children 
— Margaret (now Mrs. Henderson, who 
lives here), Mary, Perry C. (living 
South), Thomas W. (an engineer), Car- 
oline (now Mrs. Col. Sanford, of Mar- 
shalltown). Nancy M. (now Mrs. Sam- 
uel Atlee), Ella (now Mrs. Strain, liv- 
ing in California), John T. (an engin- 
eer), Artemisia (now Mrs. Myers, of 
Kansas) ; during the war. Perry C. en- 



listed, served as ensign in the navy and 
had charge of the tug dispatch-boat Ivy. 

WRIGHT, SAMUEL,, retired ; 
was born in England in 1812 ; he 
learned the trade of machinist and emi- 
grated to America in 1832, and lived in 
Ohio until he came here, in 1840, and 
located in Lee Co. ; has made a farm 
close by Keokuk, where the west part 
of the city now stands ; he was engaged 
in steamboating for fifteen years, acting 
as engineer. He married Miss Leonora 
Dowd, of Missouri, in July, 1874 ; she 
is a native of Vermont. When Mr. 
Wright began life, he had nothing ; has 
earned what he acquired by his own in- 
dustry. 

"XT^AEKEL, GEORGE, expressman. 

rVlMMERMAN, F., cabinet-maker. 
ZOOK, JACOB, fruit-grower. 



MONTROSE TOWNSHIP. 



ADAMS, A., far.,' Sec. 24 ; P. O. Mon- 
trose. 

Adams, W. J., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Montrose. 

Anderson, Andrew, far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Summitville. 

Anderson, Frank, harness-maker, Montrose. 

Anderson, J. G., far., Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

Anderson. Geo., boat builder, Montrose. 

AXD ERSOX,=^ JOHJf M., M. D., 
Montrose; was born in 1818, in Ken- 
tucky; he removed from Kentucky to 
Quincy, 111., in 1829, and to Van Buren 
Co., Iowa, in 1836; he came to Mon- 
trose in 1844; he received his medical 
education in Van Buren Co. He was 
mariied in 1843, to Electa Miles, a 
native of Vermont; they have had six 
children ; four now living — Flora J., 
Frank, Josephine and Lilly ; two de- 
ceased — Augusta and Viola. The Doc- 
tor has been engaged in the practice of 
medicine, in Montrose, for thirty-five 
years; has also been engaged in the 
mercantile business ; was a member ot 
the Legislature in 1851 and 1856. 



Andrews, W. C, Jr., far.. Sec. 3 ; P. 
Montrose. 

BALLEAU I. P., carpenter, Mon- 
trose. 

Ballinger, F. M., far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. San- 
dusky. 

Sallinger, Wm., far., Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Ke- 
okuk. 

Barber, J. P., Rapids pilot, Montrose. 

Barrett, Wm., Sec. 24, Montrose. 

Bassett, Wm., farmer. Sec. 7; P. O. Mon- 
trose. 

BEOKJLEY, CHARLES A., 
farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Montrose ; Mr. 
Beckley was born in Lawrence Co., 
Ohio, in 1831; his father, Solomon Beck- 
ley, was a pioneer of Lee Co. ; he came 
to Farmington,Van Buren Co., in 1841, 
and removed in 1844, to Montrose, 
where he engaged in mercantile business 
for one year ; he theh purchased the 
farm now owned and occupied by his 
son Charles ; he was a member of the 
Presbyterian Church for fifty years, al- 
ways contributing liberally to the sup- 
port of the Gospel. Ever laboring in 



758 



DIKKOTOUY OF LKE GOUNTY 



the cause of education, and in all pi\vjects 
for public iaipvoYomont ; ho was form- 
erlv a Whisi'; a Uopublioan atUn-tho ov- 
irani/.ation of that pavtv. and stivngly 
AntislavovY in his views ; he was a lawver 
by profession. He planted a tine or- 
ciiani on his farm in lS4l>; its fruit 
was about the tirst evidence oF the fact 
that apples may be sacvvssfully cultivated 
in this portion of Iowa. Mr. Solotuon 
Beckley died in IST-t. at the age oi' S2 
years; his wife, Mrs. Laura Beckley, 
still survives, at the advanced age of So 
years. Mr. CharU\< A. Beckley married 
in 1855. Josephine Simmons, a native 
of Ohio ; born in I Sot; they have had 
eight children; fovu- now living — Henry 
S., Mary 1., Laurji C. and Louis 8. 
Mr. He^'kley was Township Clerk for 
the years 1872 and 1873; is Assessor 
for 187iK !Mr. Henry Simmons, a 
brother-in-law of Mr. Becklcy's. n^ides 
with the latter; he wits born in Ohio in 
1S32; came to Lnva in 1844. and to 
Montrose in 1851 ; was educated at 
Yellow Springs Collegv, 0<.^ Moines Co. 
Vic enlisted in IStU. in the lM Lnva 
Inf. : remained with his regiment two 
years ; participated in the battles ot' Fort 
Donelson, Tittsburg Lamiing, Coriiuh, 
luka. etc ; was promoted to a acptaincy 
in the 55th U. S. C Inf ; was discharged 
at Baton Kouge. La,. December. 18G5 ; he 
went to Montana in 18lU5. and eug-v^ijed 
in mining ; he lost his sight by an ex- 
plosion in the mines, in 1870, and iv- 
turned ; is now an occasioi\al contributor 
to several newspapers, under the nom do 
pluute of l\'ti'os. 

Becbc, A. S.. farmer. Sec. ."Ui ; V. 0. 
Sandusky. 

Best. James, steamboatman, Montrose. 

Bishop. Kdward. tanner. Sec. 2o : P. 0. 
Montrose. 

Blair. Iv A., farmer. Sec. ;U) ; P. tX San- 

BLAKEl.V, W. T., 11. !>.. 

Montrose; was born in Gvundy Co.. 
Mo., in 1841 ; his lather, Ini Blakely. 
M. D.. was one of the t-arly settlei-s of 
that county ; the Doctor pursued his 
medical studies with his father, and be- 
giui the practice of medicine with Dr. 
Ge*.n*ge Hay. at Corydon. Wayne Co., 
Iowa ; he graduated at the Collegv of 
PhYsicians and Sursxe.H\s. Keokuk, in 



February. 187^^ ; came to INKmtrose, 
and began the pr;u'tice of his pivtession, 
in Dcccujbor ot" the same year. Married 
in 187;>, liCttie Zern, a resident ot 
NNayne Co. ; they have two children 
— ticoriic II. and Maud. 

BliIS^!i^. JASi. T., KEY.. Pastor 
of Prosbyterian Church, Montrose ; Mr. 
Bliss was born in Massjichusctts in 
1813 ; he obtained his literary educa- 
tion in Massachusetts; he removed t<t 
Indiana in 1 8^7. where he engaged in 
teaching ; he graduated at the Theolog- 
ical Seminary, New Albany. Ind.. in 
1844; he passed the tirst twelve years 
of his ministry at Auburn, Ind ; then 
removed to Alton, 111., whore he passed 
seven years; then to McPoiunigh Co., 
111., where he remained five yeai"s ; ho 
then ivmoved to Chili, 111., where, his 
health failing, he remaituHl but one and 
one-half years ; he then engagini in bus- 
iness at Biggsville, 111., wheix^ he 
remained seven years; his health im- 
proving, he decided to rt^eiiter the 
ministry ; catue to Montrvv?e. and took 
charge of the church here in 187l>. Mr. 
Bliss is now living with his third wife ; 
he was married in 18;>9 to >Lu-y Ann 
Abels; they had one son — William IL. 
now deceased; Mrs. Bliss died in 1841. 
he married in 1844. Eliza ^I. >L>rrill . 
had three children by this marriage, 
two of whom are living — Carrie L. and 
Leonard ^L ; Eleanor M, died in 1875; 
Mr. Bliss lost his second wife in 1851 ; 
he was married in 1853 to Janet 
Brown, a native of tilasgvw, Scotlatul; 
has had tiiiu^ children by third marriagv. 
onlv three now livinii — Marv Iv. Alice 
E. and Nettie M. 

Boy CO, A. J., tju-.. S. 19 ; P. O. Montrose. 

Inncc. IL A., tar., S. 18; P. 0. Montrose. 

BoVd. J. (L, f.ir., S. 15; P. 0. Montrose. 

1U>VI>, .I01l\ R., far.. Sec. 17; 
1\ tV Montrose; owns aliO . acres ; was 
born in Brown Co.. Ohio, in 1817. He 
married, in 1838, Elisuibeth Wardlow, 
also a native of Ohio. ^Ir. Boyd caiue 
to ^lontrosein 1854, and located in Sec. 
9 ; came to pivsent farm in 187S ; he is 
eng-aged in the stock business in connec- 
tion with general farming ; he owns a 
stock farm in Clarke Co.. Mo., iviuaiuing 
41:0 acres. Has tive children — Sanuu4 
L. Martha A. .now Mrs. John Ken- 



MONTROSE TOWNSHIP. 



759 



nedy), Lydiu .J. (now Mih. James 

Hurly), John G. iind Zachury. Mr. 

iind iMrs. JJoyd are iiionibors of the 

Christian Churcli. 
Boylos, Dennis, far., Sec. 35 ; P. (). San- 

(hisky. 
Brauniagon, J. M., far., 8cc'. 18; P.O. 

Montrose. 
Brown, Bonj., Car., Sec. 85 ; P. 0. San- 

BK<I»IV]V, CHAKI.KN, far., Sec. 
7; P.O. Montrose; owns 240 acres; 
Mr. Brown was born in Pennsylvania 
in ]82(i; he came to Iowa with his 
parcnt.s, Richard and Sarah Brown, in 
1844; his mother died in 1852, his 
father in March, 18(j5. Mr. Brown 
married, in 1850, Sarah Parks, a native 
of Putnam Co., N. Y., whose parents, 
Frederick and Lucy Parks, came to Leo 
Co. in 1845. Mr. l^arks died in 1872; 
Mrs. Parks is still a resident of Mon- 
trose. Mr. Brown has nine children — 
(leorge E., Sarah N., Charles, Frederick 
R., Mary Belle, Leroy, Richard", Addie 
and Minnie ; lost two children in in- 
fiincy. 

Brown, J. J., far.. Sec. 315 ; P. O. Sum- 
mitville. 

Bradwold, Knud, far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 
CAIIILL, MICHAEL, far.. Sec. 18; 
P. 0. Montrose. 

Carpenter, C. L., far., Sec. 3(! ; P. 0. 
Sandusk}'. 

Carroll, James, far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

Carroll, John, retired, Montrose. 

Carter, Bryant, far., Sec. 25 ; P. 0. San- 
dusky. 

Chessman, M., steamboat mate, Montrose. 

Chidester, J. G., far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

Colvin, William, far., S. 35 ; P. 0. San- 

COOl^^^Y, JOII\ K., farmer, Sec. 
3; P. 0. Montrose; owns 112 acres; 
was born in Ross Co., Ohio, in 1830; 
his parents. Dr. 3Iatthew Cooney and 
Nancy Cooney, were among the pioneers 
of Lee Co. ; his fatlier practiced medicine 
for many years in l^ee Co. ; lie died in 
1859, aged about G3 years; his mother 
died two weeks previous to the death of 
his father. Mr. Cooney is now living 
with his third wife ; his first wife, Abi- 



gail Judy, died in 18(51 , leaving three 
children — Matthew 'J\, John A. and 
Wilson M.; Matthew died in 18G4 ; 
his second wife was Mary J. Simons, 
who died six months after their mar- 
riage ; in 18G8, he married Miss Ellen 
Livers ; born in Van Buren Co. in 
1843 ; has four children by last mar- 
riage — James G., Henry C, Ida J. and 
Charles B. Mr. Cooney has a vivid re- 
membrance of pioneer life in Lee Co. ; 
has bought and sold several farms in Lee 
Co., but now considers himself per- 
manently located. 

COOFKK, KI.ISIIA, carpenter, 
Montrose ; was born in Kanawha Co., 
Va., in 1824; he came to Muscatine, 
Iowa, in 1843; in the spring of 1844, 
he removed to Dahlonega, Wapello Co., 
where he resided till 1847, when lie re- 
moved to Lee Co.; he located perma- 
nently in Montrose in 1850. He mar- 
ried in 1852, Emily Cailin ; they have 
had four children, three of whom are 
living — Laura L., Lee and William G. ; 
Manfred, the oldest, died, aged about 
2 years. 

Coulter, Oliver, shoemaker, Montrose. 

Coyne, John, laborer, Montrose. 

Crandall, A., artist, Montrose. 

CRAXE, J. T., far., Sec. 24; P. 0. 
Montrose; owns 160 acres of land; 
Mr. Crane was born in Harrison 
Hamilton Co., Ohio, in 1819; 
his parents removed to Jackson Co., 
Ind.. when he was a child ; in 1849, he 
removed to St. Charles, Mo., but came 
to Lee Co. in 1851. He was married 
in 1847, to Mary A. Franklin, a native 
of Indiana; have seven childien — 
Leroy F., George A. (now practicing 
law in Keokuk), J. T., Jr., Ellsworth, 
Elmer E., Addie jMay and Benjamin 
Otto. Mr. Crane is engaged in general 
farming ; has owned his present farm 
since he first came to Lee Co. Was 
elected Township Clerk in 1877. 

Crane, L. F., far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

Croft, G. M., far.. Sec. 33; P. 0. Sum- 
mitville. 

Crouse, H. M., nurseryman, Montrose. 

CURTIS, CHAKLES H., flir., 
S. 3 ; P. O. Montrose ; Mr. Curtis was 
born at Mount Morris, Livingston Co., 
N. Y., in 1833 ; his parents removed 



760 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



to Michigan in 1834 ; he came to Mon- 
trose in 1856. Married in December, 
1860, Mary Irvin, a native of Centre 
Co., Penn.; she died Nov. 26, 1863. 

. Mr. Curtis again married, March, 1868, 
Mary Rankins, also of Centre Co., 
Penn. Mr. Curtis' parents, Daniel and 
Emily Curtis, came to Lee Co. in 1856; 
his father died Nov. 9, 1859 ; his moth- 
er died only four days previous to the 
death of her husband. 

Curtis, Edward, far.. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

Curtis, G. D., far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 

Curtis, R. M., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Mon- 

D EVOKE, L. M., far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

Davis, Armstid, far., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. San- 
dusky. 

Davis, Frank, pilot, Montrose. 

DEXMIRE, EDWARD, far., S. 
25; P. 0. Sandusky; Mr. Denmire is 
a native of Ohio; he came to Lee Co. 
and purchased his present farm in 1853. 
Married in 1842, Emily Kyle, a native of 
Ohio ; have two children — Altha E. 
and L. E. ; Mr. Denmire makes a spe- 
cialty of potato culture ; in 1878, his 
crop amounted to about eighteen hun- 
dred bushels. 

Doty, John, laborer, Montrose. 

Douglass, Andrew, far., Sec. 35; P. 0. 
Sandusky. 

Duffield, 0., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Montrose. 

ELJLIS, THOMAS J., wagon- 
maker and blacksmith, Montrose ; 
born in Illinois in 1832 ; came to Mon- 
trose in 1849. His wife, formerly Miss 
Susan Buss, is a native of Massachu- 
setts ; have had six children, four of 
whom are living — Isadore, Mary, Frank 
and Jennie. Mr. Ellis has been a mem- 
ber of the School Board for ten years, 
and of the City Council several terms. 
ELIilS, WM. B., miller, Montrose ; 
was born in North Carolina about 1819 ; 
his parents removed to Tennessee about 
1820, and to Illinois in 1825. He mar- 
ried, in 1847, Martha M. Carlin, born 
in 1826 ; she was a niece of ex-Gov. 
Carlin, of Illinois ; Mr. Ellis has four 
children — Thomas J., Wm. F., Edgar 
H. and Enola; lost one child — Everett, 
who died in infancy, in 1862. Mr. 



Ellis owns the flouring-mill in Mon- 
trose ; has been engaged in the milling 
business about twenty years. 

EWING, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 6 ; 
P. O. Montrose ; owns 200 acres ; was 
born in Pennsylvania in 1840 ; his 
parents, Wm. and Frances Ewing, came 
to Lee Co. in 1846 ; his father died in 
1847 ; his mother and sister Miirgaret 
J. reside with him. 

TPELT, GEOROE B., lumberman, 

JD Montrose. 

Fidler, William, far., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. San- 
dusky. 

Finn, Daniel, far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Sandusky. 

Finnerty, Michael, far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

Finnerty, Timothy, far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

Fisher, W. J., merchant, Montrose. 

Fowler, William, far., Sec. 5; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

French, A. S., far.. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. San- 
dusky. 

Fronts, Joseph, far.. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

Q ALLOW AY, JAMES, far., S. 24; 
P. 0. Montrose. 

Gerboth, Henry, machinist, Montrose. 

Godard, Joseph, far.. Sec. 12; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

Goodenough, R., Marshal, Montrose. 

Gore, Joshua, Sec. 19; P. 0. Montrose. 

Graham, William, far.. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

Grimes, W. A., far.. Sec. 26; P. 0. San- 
dusky. 

HAMILTON, G. G., merchant, Mon- 
trose. 

Hamilton, Gowen, merchant, Montrose. 

Hamilton, Robert, far.. See. 6 ; P.O. New 
Boston. 

Harrison, L. B., carpenter, Montrose. 

HARSHMAX, FRAXKLIN, 
far. , Sec 10; P. 0. Montrose; owns 
400 acres of land ; was born in Butler 
Co., Ohio, in 1823 ; married in April, 
1851, Elizabeth Tweedy, also a native 
of Butler Co., Ohio. Mr. Harshman 
came to Lee Co. in 1855, and located 
in Sec. 16, Montrose Tp.; he removed 
to his present location in March, 1867 ; 
has five children — John D., Robert T., 
Huldah, Frank and Wm. D.; a niece of 
Mr. Harshman, Susan Wren, lives with 
him. Robert T. has been in South 



MONTROSE TOWNSHIP. 



7t)l 



America since October, 1875 ; is now 
employed on a railroad in Brazil. 

Harshman, J.O., far., Sec. 10; P. 0. Mon. 
trose. 

Heffleman, Henry, far.. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. 
Keokuk. 

Heine, C, far.. Sec 18 ; P. 0. Montrose. 

Hemmingway, Josiali, Sec. 13; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

Herbert, A. G., far.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Keo- 
kuk, 

Henry, Joseph, far.. Sec. 23; P.O. Mon- 
trose. 

Hickman, L. J., Sec. 9 : P. 0. Montrose. 

Hilberm C, far., Sec. 28; P. 0. Sum- 
mitville. 

Hollingsworth, Isaac, far.. See. 36 ; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

Hollingsworth, Zeb, far., Sec. 23 ; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

Home, C. M., far.. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

Home, C. 31., lumberman, Montrose. 

JACOB, R, flir., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Sum- 
mitville. 

Jacobs, H. R., far., Sec. 38 ; P. 0. Sum- 
mitvillc, 

Jacobs, John, far., Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Sum- 
mi tville. 

Jaster, F. W., far., Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

Johnson, J., far.. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Summit- 
ville. 

Johnson, W. R., far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 
Summitville. 

Joyce, James, far.. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

KEAFER, M., far.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 
Summitville. 

Keithler, Andy, far.. Sec. 33; P. 0. Sum- 
mitville. 

Kennedy, shoemaker, Montrose. 

KEBWEDY, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 
5 ; P. 0. Montrose ; owns 80 acres ; 
born in Scotland in 1830 ; emigrated 
to Canada in 1852 ; removed to Ohio 
the same year; came to Lee Co. 
in 1855, located on present farm in 
1868 ; married in 1858, Martha A. Boyd, 
a native of Ohio; they have seven chil- 
dren — Jane, David, Harriet, Robert, 
Norman, Mary and Arby. Mr. K. was 
District Clerk for the years 1869, 1870 
1872 and 1873; now re-elected for 
three years. 

Kersey, R. W., Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Montrose. 



KIEL,<^EORGE W., tobacconist; 

was born in Ft. Madison, in 1851 ; has 
resided in Montrose since 1866. He 
married, in 1875, Maggie Ray, a native 
of Missouri ; has one child, John B., Jr. 
Mr. Kiel has been engaged in business 
in Montrose since 1874. 

KIEL., JOHX B., hardware, Mon- 
trose ; born at Fort Madison in 1845 ; 
his father, George Kiel, a native of 
Germany, came to Fort Madison about 
1837; Mr. Kiel settled in Montrose in 
1866. He married in 1870, Mary A. 
Wilson, a native of Lee Co. 

Kite, John, far.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Summit- 
ville. 
LARSON JOHN, far., Sec. 19; P. 0. 
Keokuk. 

LAKIIV, J. S,, millwright, Mon- 
trose; was born in 1811, in Frederick 
Co., Md. ; he removed to Columbus, 
Ohio, in 1832, where he resided eight 
years ; came to Iowa, and located at 
Muscatine, in 1839 ; to Montrose in 
1857. He was married in 1835, to 
Julia A. Leshome, a native of Mary- 
land ; has had eight children ; three 
now living— David, John and Emma 
(now Mrs. Stuart) ; Mary E. married 
Mr. John Chambers, of Muscatine ; 
she died in 1857. Mr. Lakin has been 
Justice of the Peace four years, and 
Mayor of Montrose four years. 

LARSON, CHRISTIAN, farmer. 
Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Summitville; owns 160 
acres of land ; Mr. Larson was born in 
Norway in 1827. He married Serine 
Sandstrum, also a native of Norway , 
he came to Keokuk in 1863 ; purchased 
present farm in 1867 ; has four chil- 
dren — Lewis A., Bertenius, Christian 
and Martin ; has lost five children — 
Amelia, Maria, Martin, Anderson S. ; 
the latter died Feb. 17,1879; the others 
died in infancy. 
Larson, B. C, far.. Sec. 30; P. 0. Summit- 
ville. 
LAUMANN, (^ERHART S., 
farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Summitville ; owns 
120 acres ; born in Norway, in 1832 ; 
his parents came to United States in 
1839 ; in 1841, his father purchased a 
claim in Sec. 30, Montrose Tp., but died 
soon after ; in 1852, Mr. Lauman crossed 
the plains to California, where he re- 
mained six years. He married in 185& 



762 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



Martha C. Striblen, a native of Ger- 
many ; they have three children — Ma- 
tilda, Charles and Laura ; lost four 
children in infancy. Mr. Lauman has 
served as Justice of the Peace for six 
years; re-elected till 1880. 

Leavenworth, C. B., far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

Leeper, Osvpell, far., Sec. 33 ; P. O. Sum- 
mitville. 

I.E FEVRE, A.I.,far., Sec. 9; owns 
40 acres land ; resides in Montrose, where 
he owns a fruit hlock ; he was born in 
Fanning ton, Iowa, in 1844; his grand- 
father, Solomon Beckley, emigrated to 
Van Buren Co., Iowa, at an early day ; 
his father, Isaac A. LeFevre came to 
Iowa from New York State about 1842, 
and with Solomon Beckley engaged in 
mercantile business in Montrose in 1845 ; 
went to California in 1849, and died 
there in 1853; his mother is still a 
resident of Montrose. Jlr. LeFevre 
married in 1870 Netta Scoville, a 
native of Ohio, born in 1846 ; they have 
one child, Louis, born 1874. The Le 
Fevre family are of Huguenot stock, 
and settled in Ulster Co., N. Y., in 1660, 
where there is still a large family con- 
nection. 

Lefler, Charles, far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

Lefler, Paul, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Montrose. 

Loftus, John, far., Sec. 35 ; P. 0. San- 
dusky. 

Lyon, David, far., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Montrose. 

McCABE, P., far.. Sec. 18; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

McClintock, S., far.. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

McDonald, Dan., Sec. 19; P.' 0. Nash- 
ville. 

McKee, Samuel, far., Sec. 6 ; P. O. Mon- 
trose. 

Maher, William, far., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

Marshall, G. M., far., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Sum- 
mitville. 

Megchelson, C, far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Sum- 
mitville. 

Moandert, Joseph, far.. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

Moore, Irving, far.. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. San- 
dusky. 

Moriarty, James, far.. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. San- 
dusky. 



Muller, J. H., far., Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Sum- 
mitville. 

Mullikin, James, far.. Sec. 16, P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

Mullikin, T. J., far., Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

Mullikin, Thomas, far.. See. 16; P.O. 
Montrose. 

MUJLI.IKIX, WILIilAM, farm- 
er, Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Montrose ; owns 640 
acres; born in Indiana in 1844; his 
parents — Thomas and Nancy Mulliken 
— came to Lee Co., in 1845 ; they re- 
sided in Denmark one year, then re- 
moved to the farm now owned and. oc- 
cupied by Mr. Wm. M. Mr. Mulliken 
married in 1864 Mary Jones, a native 
of Ohio ; they have five five children — 
Charles, Ora, Laura, William, and 
Wilkison. Mr. Mulliken is engaged 
quite extensively in stock-raising. 

Myers, Adam, carpenter, Montrose. 

Myers, G. W., wagon-maker, Montrose. 

"VriGHTINGALE, JOHN, far.. Sec. 

.!_> 36 ; P. 0. Sandusky. 

Nelson, Andrew, far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Sum- 
mitville. 

WEWMAX, GEOK<i^E W., 
teacher, Sandnsky ; Mr. Newman was 
born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., in 1828. 
Married Mary A. Young, a native of 
Oswego Co., N. Y. ; he came to Lee 
Co. in 1855; has four children — Stella, 
Almira, Eben and Lois ; Mr. Newman 
has been engaged in teaching for the 
past thirty years ; is now serving his 
second term as Justice of the Peace. 

Noonan, John, Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Montrose. 

Nuse, H. D., painter, Montrose. 

O'CONNOR, MORRIS, far.. Sec. 18 • 
P. 0. Montrose. 

Oman, George W., engineer, Montrose. 

O'Neal, James, far.. Sec. 35; P. O.San- 
dusky. 

Overman, Henry, far., S. 37 ; P. 0. Sum- 
mitville. 

OWEN, ROBERT S., pilot, Mon- 
trose ; owns a farm in Sec. 1 5 ; was 
born in Indiana in 1830 ; his father re- 
moved to Missouri in 1838 ; to Quincy, 
111., in 1839 ; to Montrose the same 
year. Mr. Owen married, in 1856, 
Eliza A. Peck, a native of Massachu- 
setts ; her father came to Lee Co. in 
1838 ; they have one son — Zack, born 
in 1857; Mr. Owen has been apilot on. 



MONTROSE TOWNSHIP. 



76^- 



the Rapids, between Montrose and Keo- 
kuk, since 1852. 
PARHAM, J. S., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

Pattoo, (\ H., engineer, Montrose. 

Payne, William, far., S. 36 ; P. 0. San- 
dusky. 

Pebeler, William, far., S. 36 ; P. O. San- 
dusky. 

Peterson, Carl, far., Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Sum- 
mitville. 

Peterson, A. G., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Sum- 
mitville. 

Pfligerstoffer, J. B., far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

Philp, John, Sr., far., S. 24; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

Philp, John, Jr., S. 14 ; P. 0. Montrose. 

Philp, William, farmer. Sec. 14; P.O. 
Montrose. 

POIiAMD, SAMUEX M., farmer 
and horticulturist, Sec. 36 ; Mr. Poland 
was born in Clermont Co., Ohio, in 
1827. He married in 1851 Jerusha 
Combs, a native of Ohio ; he came to 
Lee Co. and settled in Jefferson Tp. in 
1862; removed to present location in 
1865 ; has one child — Samuel V. Mr. 
Poland is an Elder of the Christian 
Church ; P. 0. Sandusky. 

QUINN, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 19 ; P. 
O. Montrose. 
RASMUSSON, RASMUS, Sec. 19; 
P. 0. Montrose. 

REED, ROBERT, retired farmer. 
Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Sandusky ; Mr. Reed 
was born in Ohio, in 1804. Married 

^ Sarah Kennedy, a native of Ohio ; born 
in 1804 ; had eight children ; five now 
living — David, Hannah, now Mrs. Pick- 
erill, Mary, now Mrs. Campbell, of Ohio, 
Nany, now Mrs. Edward Curtis, of 
Montrose Tp., and Rebecca, now Mrs. 
H. H. Wilson; Mrs. Reed died 1875. 
Martha married Mr. L. Harbine ; died 
1856; Ruth married Mr. Grimes; died 
1871 ; James K. died 1876 ; David, 
born in Ohio in 1831, married in 1860, 
Louisa Husted, a native of Iowa; has 
five children — Gertrude, Arthur, Susan, 
Hdttie and Herbert. Mr. David Reed 
resides in Sec. 27 ; has 200 acres of 
land. 

REEVES, MANASSEH, mer- 
chant and merchant tailor, Montrose ; 
Mr. Reeves was born in Ohio in 1830 ; 



he came to Montrose in 1850, and en- 
gaged in the tailoring business, which 
he still continues in connection with a 
general mercantile business. He mar- 
ried in 1851 Chloe M. Tolle, a native of 
Kentucky ; born in 1831 ; they have six 
children — Alice E., Eugene, Julia W., 
Edmund H., Harry B. and Nellie ; have 
lost two children. Mr. Reeves, thrown 
upon his own resources at the early age 
of 9 years, is an example of what may 
he accomplished without the advantages 
of early education, by energy and honest 
industry. Mr. Reeves came to Mon- 
trose when quite a young man, with no 
capital but a trade, good health, and a 
determination to succeed ; he has built 
up a good trade, and acquired a fine 
property in Montrose ; an experience in 
the life of Mr. Reeves, proving that 
surely " truth is stranger than fiction," 
deserves mention here ; when he was 
but 2 years of age, his mother became 
insane, and was removed to an asylum ;, 
she was soon after reported to be dead ; 
her children grew to manhood and 
womanhood, and passed on to middle 
life, never doubting (with one exception) 
that their mother had passed from this- 
life when they were in their early child- 
hood. Mr, Reeves could never remove 
the impression from his mind that his 
mother still lived ; after forty years, in 
some mysterious way, it was revealed tO' 
the subject of this sketch that his 
mother still lived; an investigation 
proved the' truth of the revelation, and 
his long lost mother was restored to her 
children, as from the dead, and enjoyed 
their kindest care and affection for 
several years after. 

Reeves, P. W., mason, Montrose. 

Renwald, Jacob, farmer. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 
Summitville. 

Richardson, M., carpenter, Montrose. 

Rider, Daniel, farmer, Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Mon- 

RIDDICK, DABXEY C, attoi 
ney, Montrose; born in St. Louis in 
1823; went to California in 1849, re- 
mained till 1852 ; in 1853, he made the 
ofiicial survey of Montrose, and located 
here permanently in 1859 ; engaged in 
the mercantile business for three years; 
then directed his attention to the legal 
profession, and has been engaged in the 



TtU 



inUF.rrOKY of I.KK CHIUNTY: 



prav'tioo of law for the la!«t ten voai-s. 
Mr. Kidviiok ivooivod a Uboral oduoatiou 
at Konvon Oollosiv. Oliio; his tathov. 
ThouKis F. Kiddiok, was a prominont 
vitimon of St. Louis for manv voars ; ho 
was a nunuber of the Fnited States 
Board of Oouuuissionei'S in ISU>, that 
deoided the land title of the old French 
and Spanish olainis. He was a native 
of ^'irii■iuia ; removed to St. Louis in 
lSOi>. and die<i in ISaO. 

Roberts, elohn. far., S. 10; F. 0. >L>n- 
trose. 

Robertson. K. F.. far.. S. ol ; F. (.>. Sum- 
mitville. 

Rl'XXFK, A. F., farmer. See. 10 ; 
F. 0. Suvnuiitville : owns 1U> aeres ; 
born in Frederick Oiry. Md.. in 1S24 ; 
his parents removed to Ohio, where he 
lived during earl v v out h ; his father died 
in lS4i) ; his mother now resides with 
him; came to Keokuk in 1S54, and 
located on his present farm in 1862. 
He married in ISol Kliza E. Allen, a 
native of Ohio ; they have ten children. 
Mr. Runner is engaged in farming and 
frait-irrowiuc". 

^AWY KK. WILLI AM. tar.. S. ; F. 0. 

kZ* Montrose. 

ISAWVKH, Nll.A!l» X., tarmer. 
See, 0; P. 0. Montrv>se; owns 60 
acres ; was born in Ohio in 1S42, and 
came to Let> Co. with his parents in 
ISoO, and to Montrose in 1S65. He 
inarriei.1 in IStiS. Laui-a A. Le Fever, a 
native of Montrose, born in 1S-U5 ; they 
have two children — Frank H. and Ad- 
die Grace. He purch.Hsed the farm he 
now owns in ISt^S. Mr. Sawyer enlisted 
in M.m<h. 1862. in Co. L ITth L V. L; 
was at the battles of Corinth, luka and 
Jackson ; was captured at the battle of 
Lookout Mountain ; was imprisoned tii-st 
at Belle Isle; then transferred to An- 
ders».>tiville. where he remained nine 
months ; was then removed to Charles- 
ton, thence to Florence and Wilmington 
and paroled afler being a prisoner four- 
teen monchs ; was discharged the 15th 
of April, 1865. 

i^iAWYEK, THOMAS, farmtn. 
Sec ; F. 0. Montrose ; was born in 
Warren Co.. Ohio, in 1813. He mar- 
ried in 1836 Eliza Snodgrass, born in 
Pauphin Co.. Penn., in 1815 ; Mr. Saw- 
yer came to Lee Co. in 1850. and located 



in Pleasant Ridge Tp.; removed to ^L'ln 
tn>se and settled on the farn\ he now 
owns in 1865. Has seven children — 
>L\ry J. (^now Mrs. C. L. Carpenter, of 
Sandusky. Iowa'*. Martha S.. Silas N., 
Blanche A. (^now Mi-s. R. H. Younkin), 
William. Elizabeth ^^now Mi-s. Letts, of 
Clay Co.. Ill.\ and PrisciUa B. Mr. 
Sawyer was ehx^ted to the Tjcgislature in 
1856, served one term. Mr. Sawver is 
a member of the Presbyteriai\ Church ; 
he was chi^sen by the l^resbytery of 
Iowa as a deleg-tite to the treneral Assem- 
bly which met at Cleveland, Ohio, in 
1866. 

Schiveder, Henry, steamboat mate, >Lm- 
trose. 

Singvr, Henry, miller. Montivse. 

Slattery. CharK\^. far.. S. 17 ; P. 0. i>Ln»- 
tivse. 

Slattery, Daniel, far., S. 8 ; P. 0. MontKvse. 

Sorter.* W. S., far., S. 33; P. 0. Summit- 
ville. 

Spring. Thomas, far.. S. 31 ; F. 0. Sum- 
mitville. 

Struthers. William, far.. S. 10; F. 0. 
Summitville. 

Swisher. James. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Moutri>se. 

rpAVLOR. A. E.. far.. Sec. 36; P. 0. 
.X Sandusky. 

Trimble, Robert, far., Stn". 36; P. 0. 
Sanduskv 

'IVeedy, Andrew, far.. Sec. 26; F. 0. 
Montiwje. 

Tweedy. George, far.. Sec. 26; P. O. 
Montn>se. 

Tweedy, elohn. far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

XT-ALKENBURG. JOHN, tar. Sec. 
V 33 ; P. 0. Summitville. 

Vought, Samuel, tivr.. Sec. 25 ; F. 0. 
Sanduskv. 

WARD. THOMAS, druggist. Mon- 
trose. 

Welshvmer. G. W.. carpenter. Montrose. 

Weirather, Michael, fiu-.. Sec. 29 ; P. O. 
Summitville. 

West. Harrison, pilot. Montrose. 

AVlllTE, CllESTKK F., Mon- 
trose, of the tirm o\' Spaulding, Felt & 
White, proprietoi-s of Siiw-mill ; Mr. 
White was born ii\ Stoughton. Mass. ; 
went to California with his parents iu 
1858; lived there until he came to 
Keokuk in 1872. Mr. White was 
assoi'iated with Mr. M. S. Maijoun in 



MONTROSE TOWNSHIP. 



765 



the lumber business, at Keokuk, until 
Mr. Magoun's death, in October, 1878. 

Whitfield, B., proprietor of Jeflerson 
House, Montrose. 

WHITNEY, A. J., contractor, San- 
dusky ; was born in Massachusetts in 
1828 ; came to Burlington, Iowa, in 
185() ; while there he was engaged as 
locomotive engineer on the B. & M. 
Bailroad ; in 18G0, he removed to Keo- 
kuk ; he was then, for some time, en- 
gineer on the D. V. road, and 
afterward foreman of the shops, and 
master , mechanic on the D. V. road; 
in 1865, he returned to Burlington, and 
took charge of the Burlington Foundry 
and Machine-shops ; went to Green 
Bay, Wis., and engaged in the foundry 
business ; he returned to Burlington in 
the spring of 1869 ; he came to his 
present location in 1870, and became 
superintendent of George Williams' con- 
tract on the Des Moines Rapids Canal ; 
has been employed on contracts on Up- 
per and Lower Mississippi since 1870. 
He married in 1851, Lucretia Blodgett, 
a native of Ohio ; she died in 1864 ; 
he married the spring of 1867, Miss 
Kate Kelley, a native of Canada ; Mr. 
Whitney has four children by first mar- 
riage — Frank, Marietta, Charles and 
Henry ; has two by second marriage — 
Wilber and Arthur. 

Wickersham, E. J., far.. Sec. 28 ; P. O. 
Summitville. 

WILKINSO^, W. T., attorney, 
Montrose ; born in Winchester, Va., in 
1843 ; removed to Western Virginia in 
1848, where he resided till the breaking- 
out of the rebellion. Being a Union 
man, he was compelled to leave the State; 
went to Indiana, but returned to Vir- 
ginia in July, 1861 ; soon after his 
return he was attacked by guerrillas and 
severely wounded. He joined the 1st 
Va. V. C, and remained in the service 
of the Union until the close of the war. 
He married in 1865 Martha J. Bell, of 
Baltimore, Md. He came to Montrose 
in 1875, where he is now engaged in 
the practice of law ; has one child — 
Emma B.; has lost three children. 

Williams, S. A., pilot, Montrose. 



Williams, Fred A., far., Sec. 8 ; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

Williams, L. E., far., Sec. 8 ; P. O. Mon- 
trose. 

Wllilil AMSON, E 1. 1 J A H , 
REV., Pastor of Christian Church, 
Sandusky ; born in North Carolina in 
1804 ; removed to Darke Co., Ohio, in 
1833 ; to Van Buren Co., Iowa, in 
1857 ; and to his present location in 
1859. He married in 1823, Charlotte 
Keene ; she died in 1854; his present 
wife was Susan Sample, a native of 
Virginia, born in 1813; he has two 
children by first marriage — Elisha T. 
(a resident of Montrose), and Mary E. 
(now Mrs. J. A. Hiller, of Van Buren 
Co.). Mr. Williamson has been en- 
gaged in the ministry for fifty-seven 
years. 

WILSON, HENRY H., teacher, 
Sandusky ; resides on Sec. 26 ; Mr. 
Wilson was born in Preble Co., Ohio, in 
1840; he came to Lee Co., in 1853. 
Married in 1867, Rebecca Reed, daugh- 
ter of Robert Reed ; has four children 
— Perry D., Raymond D., Henry B. 
and Harvey R. ; his parents were Har- 
vey H. and Margaret Wilson ; his 
mother died about 1858, and his father 
in 1868. 

Wright, A. M., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

Wright, James, far.. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

W^right, M. W., far., Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

YOUNG, HENRY, gardener, Mon- 
trose. 

Younkin, Joseph, far.. Sec. 4 ; P. O. Mon- 
trose. 

YOUNKIN, R. H., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. 
Montrose; owns 200 acres; w;;s born 
in Ohio in 1836 ; He came to Farming- 
ton, Van Buren Co,, in 1848 ; came to 
Montrose in 1864. He married in 
1870, Blanche A. Sawyer, a daughter 
of Mr. Thomas Sawyer ; they have four 
children — Joseph, Thomas, Kate and 
Charles. Mr. Younkins purchased his 
present farm in 1877. 

Younkin, S. G., far.. Sec. 4 ; P. O. Mon- 
trose. 



766 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



HARRISON TOWNSHIP. 



ACKLAM, JOHN F., far., Sec. 29 ; 
P. 0. Primrose. 

ABEL., JACOB, far., Sec. 35 ; P. 
0. Warren; owns 117 2 acres of land, 
valued at $40 per acre; born Feb. 16, 
1822, in Gerroany ; parents emigrated 
to the United States in 1832, locating 
in Stark Co., Ohio ; in the fall of 1836, 
came to West Point, Lee Co., Iowa, 
where his father died in 1874, and his 
mother in 1862 ; in the spring of 1847, 
Mr. Abel went with a party with ox- 
teams across the plains to Oregon ; the 
fall of 1848, returned home by over- 
land route ; in the spring of 1850, he 
again went across the plains to Califor- 
nia ; followed mining there till the fall 
of 1852 ; returned via Panama route to 
New Orleans. He married Miss Etta 
Burich April 22, 1853 ; she was born 
in Germany May 30, 1830 ; after his 
marriage, he lived in West Point Tp. 
till the spring of 1870, then moved to 
Fort Madison and engaged in the gro- 
cery and express business, which he 
continued till the spring of 1873, when 
he moved on to his present farm. Their 
children are Henrietta, Jacob and Ma- 
tilda ; lost one daughter — Caroline. 
Member Lutheran Church : Independ- 
ent. 

ACKLAM, GEORGE, far.. Sec. 
29 ; P. O. Farmington ; owns 210 acres 
of land, valued at $25 per acre ; born 
Oct. 8, 1808, in Yorkshire, Eng.; he 
emigrated to the United States in the 
summer of 1833, landing at Montreal, 
Canada ; soon after went to Fair Ha- 
ven, Vt., and in November of the same 
year, to Sullivan Co., N. Y.; in the fall 
of 1837, went to Ross Co., Ohio, where 
he remained till the fall of 1842, when 
he came to Lee Co., Iowa, and pur- 
chased the farm he still owns. Mar- 
ried Nancy Morris, of Lee Co., May 
11, 1848 ; she was born Feb. 21, 1814, 
in Coshocton Co., Ohio ; their children 
are John F., born March 30, 1854, and 
Frances, born March 10, 1852; lost 
two — Edwin and Miranda. Member of 
the Episcopal Church ; Republican, 

AXDERSOX, A 

P. 0. Primrose 



owns 



HON., farmer, 



520 acres of 



land, 360 of which are worth $40 
per acre, and the balance $15 per 
acre ; he also owns 60 acres of land 
in Adams Co., Iowa. He was born 
Sept. 12, 1809, in Anne Arundel Co., 
Md. ; his parents emigrated to Belmont- 
Co., Ohio, in 1811, and from there to 
Coshocton Co., in 1819 ; he engaged in 
the mercantile business at Nashportj 
Muskingum Co., a short time previous 
to the crash of 1837, which broke him 
up ; he then came to the West to re- 
trieve his lost fortunes ; in the fall of 
1841, he came to Lee Co., Iowa, and 
located in Harrison Tp., where he still 
resides. Mr. Anderson was elected one 
of the first Justices of the Peace of his 
township, which position he has filled 
eighteen years ; he was also elected Rep- 
resentative of his county in 1864, to fill 
a vacancy, and, in 1868, elected as a 
member of the Board of Supervisors, 
and, in 1874, was again elected as Rep- 
resentative. He married Flora Cisna, 
Nov. 13, 1834, in Ohio; she died of 
cholera, in this county, July 18, 1849 ; 
he was again married, to Emeline Cole- 
man, June 23, 1850; she died of a 
cancer, Sept. 17, 1869 ; he again mar- 
ried, Mary A. Manhard, Nov. 16, 1871; 
his children by first wife were Thomas 
J., Orin J., Mary J., WilHam, George 
N., Robert C. and Hugh T. ; the last 
four are deceased ; William died while 
in the service of his country, at Helena, 
Ark. ; George N. was killed at the 
battle of Pea Ridge, Ark., and Robert 
C. was killed, with sixteen others, by 
the Indians, in Wyoming Territory, in 
November, 1876; HugTi T. died in 
infancy ; by his second wife he had two 
children — Ira and Dorr. Republican ; 
his wife is a member of the M. E. 
Church. 

Anderson, Ira, Jr., far., Sec. 20; P. 0. 
Primrose 

Anderson, Thomas, Jr., far., Sec. 20 ; 
P. 0. Primrose. 

Andres, Hanson, far., Sec. 2 ; P. O. 
Primrose. 

Andres, John H., laborer, Primrose. 

Anton, Christopher, far., Sec. 12 ; P. O.- 
Dover. 



HARRISON TOWNSHIP. 



767 



Anton, George, far., S. 12; P. 0. Dover, i 
Artis, Jacob, blacksmith, Primrose. 

BARTON, WILEY, far., S. 6 ; P. 0. ■ 
Big Mound. 

;BAR(^AR, M. L.., farmer, S. 7 ; P. ! 
0. Farmington ; son of Dr. Valentine 
and Alice C. Bargar, was born July 7, ' 
1836, in Coshocton Co., Ohio ; in the 
spring of 1842, his father, in company 
with his uncle, B. S. Lee, came West in 
quest of new homes ; his father pur- , 
chased the farm upon which M. L. now ' 
lives, and on his return home lost his 
life by an explosion of a boiler of the 
steamer just as they were landing at 
Louisville, Ky. ; left his wife with four 
children to mourn his loss ; M. L., the 
eldest, soon after went to live with his 
grandfather, in Harrison Co., and, later, 
with his uncle, B. S. Lee; in the fall 
of 1854, he, in company with his uncle. 
Dr. Arnold, came to this county ; he i 
taught school the following winter, the \ 
proceeds of which he invested in a team 
the following spring, and commenced , 
improving his land, teaching school win- ; 
ters and farming summers for five or six < 
years. Married Mary N. Lee March 
25, 1858 ; she was born Feb. 23, 1835, 
in Tuscarawas Co., Ohio ; they have 
seven children living — Edward V., Gil- ^ 
bert L., Mary L., Ida A., John W., 
Byron W. and Elizabeth M. ; lost one 
son — Benjamin G. Independent. 

BAUDER, C. C, HOX., dealer in 
agricultural implements, proprietor of ; 
harness-shop, auctioneer, and Justice of ■ 
the Peace, Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Primrose ; 
born Aug. 13, 1817, in Herkimer Co., 
N. Y., and, in 1818, with his parents, 
moved to Albany Co., and to Columbia 
Co. in 1829, thence to Montgomery Co. , 
in 1833 ; in 1835, he went to Little 
Falls to learn the trade of saddle and 
harness-making ; in 1837, to Utica, 
where he worked at his trade ; spring 
of 1839, went to Pickaway Co., Ohio. 
Married there Catharine Christy Aug. 
22, 1839 ; she was born in same county, ' 
May 21, 1816; he worked at carriage 
trimming, then clerked in a dry goods 
store, after which he engaged in the | 
grocery and bakery business ; in the fall ] 
of 1853, came to Lee Co., Iowa, and pur- ' 
chased a farm adjoining the town of Prim- j 
rose, part of which he subsequently plat- 



ted as an addition to the town ; kept a 
harness-shop on his farm until he sold his 
land in 1863 ; then came into Primrose 
and followed the mercantile business four 
or five years ; then was several years 
engaged in various kinds of business, 
putting up buildings in the town, deal- 
in real estate, etc., till within the last 
three years, again commenced his pres- 
ent business. He was elected to the 
House of Representatives from Lee Co., 
in 1857, and again in 1867, and aa 
County Supervisor in 1870, and has 
served his township as Justice of the 
Peace eighteen years ; his children are 
Charles C, Cyrenius T., G. Edgar, 
Amelia I. and Hattie J.; lostfive— George 
(1st), George (2d), John W. (who 
was killed by accident on the steamer 
D. A. January, at St. Louis, Mo., July 
31, 1861, while belonging to Co. E, 2d 
I. V. I.), Eliza J. and Ellen C. Mr. 
Bauder now owns 400 acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre. Member of 
Lutheran Church ; Democrat. 

Beeler, Abraham, far., S. 13; P. 0. Prim- 
rose. 

Behrens, Henry, far., S. 22; P. 0. Prim- 
rose. 

Bell, Samuel, hotel proprietor and cabinet- 
maker. Primrose. 

Benjamin, William, far., S. 27; P. O. 
Primrose. 

Bonn, George, Sr., far., Sec. 28 ; P. 0. 
Primrose. 

Bonn, Michael, far. ; P. 0. Primrose. 

Borman, August, far. ; P. 0. Primrose. 

Borman, Christ., far. ; P. 0. Primrose. 

Breitenstein, Fredrich, far. ; P. 0. Prim- 
rose. 

Breitenstein, Fredrich, Jr., far.; P. 0. 
Primrose. 

Breitenstein, Henry, far., Sec. 28 ; P. 0. 
Primrose. 

Buckles, Noah, teamster. Primrose. 

Buckles, Alexander, farmer ; P. 0. Prim- 
rose. 

Butler, Tracy, far., Sec. 35; P. 0. War- 
ren. 
CALDWELL, JAMES, farmer ; P. 0. 
Primrose. 

Carver, Owen, far. ; P. O. Primrose. 

Carver, William, far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Prim- 
rose. 

COOK, BENJAMIN, farmer;^ P. 
0. Primrose ; son of Stephen and Eliz- 



768 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



abeth Cook; was born Jan. 12, 1825, 
in Warren Co., Ohio; emigrated with 
his parents to Lee Co., Iowa, in the 
spring of 1844, and located on a part 
of the farm which he now owns ; his 
parents both died here — his father in 
September, 1869, and his mother in 
1865. Mr. Cook married Miss Susan- 
nah Hill Nov. 2, 1851 ; she was born 
Jan. 9, 1832, in Wayne Co., Ind.; 
they have five children living — Evans, 
Robert, Seth, Elizabeth and Eleanor. 
Mr. Cook has served his township as 
Assessor, Trustee and County Super- 
visor ; he owns 720 acres of land, val- 
ued at $35 per acre. Republican. 

Cook, Jason, far.. Sec. 10; P. 0. Prim- 
rose. 

COONS, MADISOX, farmer.. Sec. 
3; P. 0. Primrose; owns 110 acres of 
land, valued at $40 per acre ; was born 
Feb. 22, 1825, in Franklin Co., Ohio; 
in early life, he learned the carpenter 
and joiners' trade, which he followed 
until the last fifteen years, he has en- 
gaged in farming. He married Rachel 
Lunn April 28, 1848 ; she was born in 
Bucks Co., Penn., April 26, 1824. He 
emigrated to Lee Co., Iowa, in Septem- 
ber, 1856, locating in Marion Tp.; the 
following year, came into Harrison Tp., 
and on his present farm in the spring of 
1865. His children are William ^T., 
born July 8, 1852 ; Jacob W., July 
15, 1857 ; Oliver F., Aug. 11, 1862; 
have lost three — Oliver, Margaret A. 
and an infant. Democrat. 

Cowles, Salmon, retired merchant and 
farmer. 

DAVIS, JAMES, far. ; P. 0. Prim 
rose. 
Davis, James A., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Prim- 
rose. 
Davis, Levi, far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Primrose. 
Derosier, William, carpenter. Primrose. 

EYLER, HENRY, far., S. 23 ; P. 0. 
Primrose. 
FORD, JOSEPH, stock-dealer ; P. 0. 
Warren, 
/n ARDNER, ANDREW, retired 
yjT farmer ; P. 0. Primrose. 
Grrelk, John, far.; P. 0. Primrose. 
XT ALL, N., farmer; P. 0. Warren. 

HAMPTON, ANDREW, far., 

Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Primrose ; owns 182 



acres, valued at $6,500 ; he was born 
July 17, 1823, in Warren Co.,, Ohio; 
his parents moved to Wayne Co., Ind., 
when he was about 2 or 3 years old ; 
in the spring of 1845, he came to Lee 
Co.; the next year, he entered a part of" 
the farm he still owns, and returned to 
Indiana, where he married Rachel M. 
Rich May 20, 1847 ; she was born 
Sept. 28, 1826, in Wayne Co., Ind.; 
the following fall, they came to Iowa 
and settled on their land. Mr. Hamp- 
ton has filled most of the important 
offices 0^ his township. They have three 
children living — Mary D., Samuel R. 
and Anna D. ; have lost three — Annie 
E., who died in infancy ; Dorrence D. 
and Abraham L., who were educated at 
the Howe School at Mt. Pleasant ; each 
followed teaching for a year or two with 
the best success, but, both having a 
preference for journalism, engaged in 
that business ; Dorrence D. first entered 
the office of the Denison Review, in 
Crawford Co., to learn the printer's 
trade ; from there he went to Iowa 
Falls and became a partner in the iben- 
tinel office ; married there Miss Leah 
Jones, in May, 1875 ; in July, of the 
same year, he sold his interest in the 
Sentinel, removed to Jackson, Mo., and 
purchased an interest in the Cash-Book, 
the following December becoming sole 
proprietor ; he was a very popular edi- 
tor, gaining many friends among jour- 
nalists as well as the patrons of his 
paper, but, amidst his prosperity, he was 
stricken down by disease and died Oct. 
28, 1876, in the 24th year of his age, 
lamented by a loving companion and 
fond parents. Abraham L. in May, 
1876, first entered the office of the 
Gentry County Chronicle, in Missouri, 
as a partner ; disj)osing of his interest, 
he afterward founded the Brookfield 
Gazette, in Missouri ; he was also a 
very successful journalist, but he, too, 
was stricken with disease in the fall of 
1878 ; he came to his father's, where 
he had the best of medical aid and at- 
tendance, but, despite their elforts, he 
died Nov. 26, 1878, leaving a second 
wife and son of former wife. Mr. 
Hampton and wife are members of 
the Congregational Church ; Repub- 
lican. 



HARRISON TOWNSHIP. 



Hanna, Miles, far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Farm 
ington. 
\ Harbeson, Robert, far- ; P. 0. Primrose 
■^ HEXXIES, AFG^UST, far., S. 6 ; 
p. 0. Warren ; owns 160 acres of land, 
valued at $45 per acre; born Aug. 6, 
1843, in Hanover, Germany; his par- 
ents, ChristiaiTand Dora: Hennies, em- 
igrated to the United States in the fall 
of 1854, and located on Sec. 35, of 
Harrison Tp., where his father died 
Oct. 24, 1865. On the 2d day of 
March, 1871, he married Miss Sophia, 
Vornkohl ; she was born in this town- 
ship May 5, 1849, and died March 18, 
1878, leaving two children — Sophia 
born Dec. 7, 1875, and August born 
Oct. 14, 1877; Mr. Hennie^ came on 
his present farm in the spring of 1871 ; 
since the loss of his wife, his mother 
has kept house for him. He is a mem- 
ber of the Evangelical Church ; Dem- 
ocrat. 

HEXXIES, HENRY, far., Sec. 35 ; 
P. 0. Warren ;. son of Christian and 
Dora Hennies ; was born Nov. 9, 1835, 
in Hanover, Grermany ; parents emi- 
grated to the United States in 1854, 
and the same year located- on the farm 
upon which he now lives; his father 
died Oct. 24, 1865. He married Miss 
Dora Banks April 24, 1861 ; she was 
born in Hanover, Germany, Nov. 4, 
1841 ; her parents came to the United 
States in 1849, and located at Fort 
Madison, in this county ; subsequently 
moved to Van Buren Tp., where her 
father still resides ; her mother died 
May 6, 1876. Mr.' Hennies' children 1 
are Henry C, born 3Iarch 23,1863; j 
William A., born Sept. 8, 1864 : Louis 
E., born March 13, 1867 ; Emma D., I 
born Nov. 13, 1868; and Otto A., born | 
Aug. 30, 1874. Members of the Evan- | 
gehcal Lutheran Church ; Democrat. | 

Hentzell, Henry, far., S. 35 ; P. 0. War- ! 
ren. 

Hill, Robert, far.. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Prim- 
rose. 

HILL, SAMUEL, far., Sec. 14; 
P. 0. Primrose; owns 100 acres of land, 
valued at $40 per acre ; he was born 
April 30, 1809, in Wayne Co., Ind.; in 
the fall of 1838, went to Mount Holly, 
Warren Co., Ohio, and engaged in the 
mercantile business, also in pork-pack- 




169 



J business during the winter ; 
in the spring of 1844, came to Lee Co., 
Iowa, and located on the land upon 
which he still resides. He married 
Miss Susan Cook, of Warren Co., Ohio, 
May 9, 1838 ; she was born in same 
county, June 7, 1816 ; have no chil- 
dren. Mr. Hill has served his town- 
ship as Justice of the Peace and Trust- 
ee. Member of the Friends' Church ; 
Republican. 

Holdefer, John, far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. War- 
ren. 

Holland, Charles B., far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. 
Primrose. 

JAQUES, JAQUES, far., P. 0. Prim- 

t) rose. 

KELLEY, H. G., far.. Sec. 19; R 
O. Farmington. 
Kleber, John, far.; P. 0. Primrose. 
Kleber, John P., far., Sec. 13; P. 0. 

Primrose. 
Knapp, R. J., far., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Farm- 
ington. 
LEAZER, ROBERT, far. ; P.O. Farm- 
ington. 
Leazer, Zacharia, merchant, Primrose. 
Lightfoot, John, far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Biff 
Mound. 

McCORKLE, JAMES, far.; P. 0. 
Primrose. 
McCorkle Robert, far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Prim- 
rose. 

Mcculloch, david t., far , 

S. 23 ; P. 0. Primrose ; brother of Hon. 
E. S. McCulloch ; was born in Novem- • 
ber, 1806, in Fairfield Co., S. C. ; 
parents moved to Tennessee when he 
was about 2 years old; in 1826, they 
moved to Montgomery Co., 111. ; while 
there, he, in company with his brother 
E. S., enlisted in the Black Hawk war. 
In the spring of 1836, in company with 
his parents and brother, he emigrated to 
Lee Co., Iowa, and located in Harrison 
Tp. ; his father departed this life in 
April, 1854, and mother in September, 
1852. Mr. McCulloch never married. 
He owns 215 acres of land, valued $40 
per acre ; makes his home with his 
brother-in-law, J. S. Paisley. Is a 
member of the Cumberland Presby- 
terian Church ; Democrat. 

Mcculloch, e. s., hon., 

deceased ; he was born July 3, 1812, in 
Davidson Co., Tenn ; his parents em- 



770 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



igrated to Montgomery Co., 111., in 
rS2(). There lie'enlisted in the Black 
Hawk war and served till its close. In 
the fall of 1835, he came to the Terri- 
tory of Iowa, and laid claim to the 
homestead now left to his bereaved 
family ; returned to Illinois, and, in the 
spring of 1836, in company with his 
parents and two brothers, returned to 
loAva and took possession of his claim ; 
again returned to Illinois and married 
Miss Minerva A. Paisley March 25, 
184:1 ; she was born Aug. 3. 1822, in 
Bond Co., 111. ; in the fall following,^they 
came on horseback to Iowa, a distance 
of 250 miles, his wife enjoying the vide 
as a pleasure trip. Mr. 3IeOulloch was 
among the earliest settlers of Harrison 
Tp , and one of the leading and prom- 
inent men ; like most old settlers, he 
was hospitable and sociable, making all 
at perfect ease who sought his ac- 
t][uaintance. Served his township and 
county in important official positions; 
was elected in 1841 member of the 
Legislature : sel^'ed in that body three 
■consecutive terms; was again elected in 
1850, and, in 1854, was elected to the 
■State Senate ; served four years ; re- 
elected, in ISGO, to the Legislature; as- 
sisted in the revision of the Code ; was 
again in the Senate in 1870, the official 
positions he held indicating his popu- 
larity and appreciation of his acts with 
the people. He departed this life April 
5, 1877, his wife having previously died 
Feb. 7, 1873. His children were Wni. 
P. (born May 1, 1842, and died in San 
Francisco, Cal., Jan. 7, 1877). Eobert 
N. (barn May 26, 1844), David ^born 
Oct. 15, 1850), Harriet (born June 28, 
1853), and Joel (born June 28, 1859^; 
Robert N. and David are conducting 
the homestead farm of 270 acres ; 
they make a specialty of raising stock 
and buj-ing and shipping extensively. 
Eobert N. married Laura Gardner 
Maj-ch 2ti, 1874 ; she was born April 3, 
1853, in this county ; she died Dec. 18, 
1876, leaving her husband and son, 
Harry E., to mourn her loss ; Harry E. 
was born x\pril 7, 1875. David "Mc- 
Culloch married Miss Eva Millard Feb. 
14, 1876 ; they are living on a part of 
the homestead; Sec. 23^ P. 0. Prim- 
rose. 



McGreer, John, tar., Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Prim- 
rose. 

McKeehan, Benjamin, far., Sec. 23; P. 0. 
Primrose. 

McKeehan, Daniel, far., Sec. 15; P.O. 
Primrose. 

McKeehan, Isaiah, tar., Sec. 16; P. 0. 
Primrose. 

McMillan, Jesse, Sr., tar., Sec. 14; P. 0. 
Primrose. 

McMillan, Jesse, Jr., tar., Sec. 22 ; P. 0. 
Primrose. 

Miller, George, tar. ; P. 0. Primrose. 

Miller, James, far. ; P. 0. Primrose. 

Miller, John. fir. ; P. 0. Primrose. 

MILLER, J. F., farmer. Sec. 16 ; P. 
0. Primrose ; son of Joseph and Eliza- 
beth i^nee Trumbo^i Miller ; was born 
Nov. 1, 1837, in Hardy Co., W. Va., 
where he resided till the spring of 1861, 
then went to Muskingum Co., Oliio, 
where he was married to Louisa V. 
Claypool (daughter of Levi and Mary 
Claypool) June 12, 1862; she was born 
Dec. 0, 1840 ; they have three children 
— Bourbon (born May 23, 1863), Levi 
(born Oct. 25, 1865)*, and OUie (born 
June 14, 1873. In the tall of 1&62, 
they came to Lee Co., Iowa, and located 
in Harrison Tp. ; Mr. Miller now owns 
900 acres of land, valued at S35 per 
acre, one of the best farms in the town- 
ship ; he makes a specialty of stock- 
raising and is among the leading and 
enterprising farmers of his county. Ke- 
publiean. 

Mineh, Anton, far. : P. 0. Primrose. 
MITCHFXL. M. W., dealer in 
general njcrchandise and grain, also rail- 
road agent, Warren ; born Sept. 27, 
1837, in France ; parents emigrated to 
New Orleans, La., while he w;is an in- 
fant, where they died while he was quite 
small ; at the age of 16, he came to St. 
Clair Co., 111.; "he remained till the 
spring of 1859 ; then came to Lee Co., 
Iowa; in September. 1861, he enlisted 
in Co. H, of the 3d I.Y. C; he partici- 
pated in the battles of Guntown, Miss., 
Pea Eidge and Little Eock, also many 
other engagements ; in December, 1864, 
he was captured at White's Station. 
Tenn., taken to Andersonvillo, and kept 
till tlie close of the war ; was discharged 
at Davenport June 20, 1865; returned 
to Lee Co. and commenced farminii\ but 



HARRISON TOWNSHIP. 



771 



on account of ill-health, abandoned that 
and commenced his present business. 
Mr. Mitchell was a candidate on the Re- 
publican ticket in the fall of 1878, for 
Representative of Lee Co. ; was defeated 
by about 200 votes, being considerably 
ahead of his ticket ; is Assessor of his 
township. He was married to Mary A. 
Holmes March 7, 1864; she was born 
Sept. 16, 1835, in Hamilton Co., Ohio; 
no children. Member of M. E. Church. 

Molog, Samuel, far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Prim- 
rose. 

Morris, C. G., carpenter, Primrose. 

Murry, Edmund, carpenter, Primrose. 

PAISLEY, J. N., far., ; P. 0. Prim- 
rose. 

PIERCE, J. W., dealer in dry goods 
and general merchandise, Primrose ; 
born Sept. 27, 18-41, in Prussia ; emi- 
grated to the United States in the spring 
of 1861, locating at Farmington, Van 
Buren Co., Iowa, working on a farm and 
in a tannery till November, 1863; he 
then engaged as clerk in a dry goods 
.store at Bentonsport, till the fall of 
1867. Married Mary E. Hohl April 30, 
1868; she was born Dec. 22, 1843, in 
Bavaria, Germany ; in May, 1868, he 
commenced the mercantile business in 
Primrose, which he continued till the 
spring of 1871, when he sold out to Mr. 
Cowles, and engaged, in company with 
Mr. Kumleh, in the building of the 
Primrose steam flouring-mill ; com- 
menced mercantile business again in 
1875, but, through misfortune, lost the 
whole in 1876, but by the assistance of 
friends arranged to continue the mercan- 
tile business. His children are Martha, 
Mary L., John W., Clara A. and Anna 
E. His religion is Catholic ; wife 
Protestant; Greenbacker. 

FOWEIili, JOHX W., farmer, 
Sec.2 ; P. 0. Clay's Grove ; son of George 
W. and Nancy Powell ; born Feb. 22, 
1848, in Franklin Co., Ohio, emigrated 
with parents to Lee Co., Iowa, in the 
spring of 1865, locating in Marion Tp., 
where they still reside. He married 
Miss Sarah Overton Nov. 1- 1872 ; she 
was born in this county Sept. 27, 1855 ; 
have two children — Frank W. (born 
Nov. 25, 1873), Charley (born May 6, 
1877). Mr. Powell owns a farm of 160 
acres, valued at $40 per acre. Democrat. 



Purdy, Joel T., far.; P. 0. Primrose. 

RASCH, WILLIAM, shoemaker, 
Primrose. 
Rice, J. R., blacksmith, Warren. 

BOBERTISOX, THOS. R., farm 

er, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Primrose ; son of 
Wm. J. and Catharine (nee Rtinyon) 
Robertson ; was born Oct. 10, 1848, in 
Jefferson Co., Ohio ; parents emigrated 
to Lee Co., Iowa, in the spring of 1851, 
and located on Sec. 9, of Harrison Tp., 
where they still live. Thos. R. was ed- 
ucated at the District Schools of his 
township, working upon the farm sum- 
mers and attending school winters ; he 
married Mattie L. McGoun, Jan. 1, 
1872 ; she was born in Jefferson Co., 
Ohio, Oct. 21, 1849; they have two 
children — Maggie C., born March 27, 
1873, and Wm. W., born July 24, 
1876. Mr. Robertson owns a farm of 
195 acres, valued at $40 per acre. 
Independent. 

ROBERTI^OX, WM. J., farmer. 
Sec. 9 ; P. O. Primrose ; son of Thomas 
and Hannah Robertson ; born Oct. 29, 
1812, in Jefferson Co., Ohio; emigrated 
to Iowa in the spring of 1851 and lo- 
cated in Harrison Tp., where he still 
lives ; he married Miss Catharine Run- 
yon Jan. 1, 1833; she was born Oct. 
28, 1813, in New York; they have five 
children living — Hannah, now wife of 
Thos. J. Anderson ; John W., Thos. R., 
, Lewis B. and Sarah L., now wife of S. 
H. Rrownlee ; lost two — Albert and 
Thos. C. Mr. Robertson is among the 
representative men of his township ; 
served his township as Justice of the 
Peace, Trustee, etc., and is now serv- 
ing his county as a member of the 
Board of Supervisors ; he cast his first 
vote for President Harrison in 1840 ; 
since that time has acted with the 
Democratic party until two years ago 
when he united with the Greenback 
party ; has been Elder in the Presby- 
terian Church twenty-three years ; he 
owns 280 acres of land, valued at $35 
per acre. 

Rockey, John, far.. Sec. 34 ; P. 0. War- 
ren. 

Roth, John, far.; P. 0. Primrose. 

Russell, Peter, far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. War- 
ren. 

Russell, T. B., merchant. 



772 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



Rye, John, far., See. 2 ; P. 0. Primrose. 
Eve. Lewis, merchant and Postmaster, 

Primrose. 

lAILOR. A. W.. physician. Primrose. 



S^ 



latterly, Alva, far.. See. 19 ; P. 0. Prim- 
rose. 

SATTERXY. EI.EAAOR. 
IIBI^.. larmer, See. 20 ; P. 0. Farm- 
ington ; daughter of Joseph and Martha 
Norris, horn Oct. 2, 1 SI 9, in Coshocton 
Co., Ohio ; came with her parents to 
Harrison Tp., Lee Co., in the fall of 
1S39. She married Sylvester 0. Sat- 
terly. June 25, 184-4 ; he was born in 
Washington Co., N. Y., Aug. 31, 
1812 ; they located on a farm two 
miles east of Farmington, the same 
year ; Mr. Satterly followed the wagon- 
making business till the spring of ISTO, 
■when he sold out, and came on to the 
farm where Mrs. Satterly now lives ; 
Mr. Satterly died Feb. 27, 1872, leav- 
ing his wife and four children to mourn 
his loss ; the children are Alva H., 
Cornelia I., Florence A., Sylvester H.; 
one daughter, Harriet, died previously. 
Mrs. Satterly owns the homestead 
of 110 acres, valued at S45 per 
acre, and to the children was let\ 
260 acres, valued at $30 per acre. 
Mrs. Satterly 's fother died Oct. 16, 
1871, and her mother. March 30, 
1870 ; her husband was a member of 
the Baptist Church ; she is a member 
of the Presbyterian Church. 

Satterly, Hugh S., for.. See. 20 ; P. 0. 
Primrose. 

SAX, GEORGE, deceased, former ; 
he was born June 7, 1786, in Saratogn 
Co., N. Y. ; in early life, he learned the 
carpenter and joiner's trade, which he 
followed about twenty yeare. He mar- 
ried Betsey Bobertson, in 1825 ; she 
was born Jan. 30, 1809 ; they had six 
children — George W., Albert C. and 
Lovenia, still living ; Eosannah, Sarah 
and Elias W., deceased. He emigrated 
to Lee Co., Iowa, in the spring of 1845, 
and located on the tarm now owned by 
George W., and Albert C; his wife 
died the following September ; he con- 
tinued on the homestead with his 
children till May. 10, 1874, when he too 
passed away. George W. was born 
Sept. 26, 1835. and Albert C. born 



March 9, 1840, both in Saratog-a Co., 
j N. Y. Albert C. served his country in 
I the late rebellion, from Feb. 23, 1864, 
: till Aug. 21, 1865, in Co. B, of the 3d 
I I. Y. Cavalry ; he participated in 
the battles of Guntown and Tupelo, 
Tenn., and at the capture of Selma. 
Ala., and Columbus, Ga. He married 
Helen M. Tracy, Nov. 22, 1866 ; she 
was born in Yan Buren Co. Dec. 21, 
1847 ; her father was born in Belmont 
Co., Ohio, April 15, 1819, and her 
mother Auu'. 27, 1826 ; the children of 
Albert C. and Helen M.. are Ella M., 
Clara A., Frederick A. and George H. 
George VY. and Albert C. own, in the 
county, a f;\rm of 260 acres, valued at 
I S40 per acre. Geo. W. being unmar- 
ried, they reside on Sec. 3 ; P. 0. 
Primrose. Eepublican. 
Sax, Henry C., far.; P. 0. Primrose. 
SAX, JOHX, far.. See. 10; P.O. 
I Primrose ; son of Eensselaer and Han- 
nah Sax; was born Aug. 13, 1832, in 
Saratoga Co., N. Y.; parents emigrated 
to Lee Co., Iowa, in the spring oj 
1844, and located upon the farm upon 
which he now lives ; his lather died in 
the fall of 1845 ; his mother still lives 
with him. He married Miss Paulina 
Clunies, Aug. 11,1855; she was born 
in Saratoga Co., N. Y.; they have no 
children. Mr. Sax now owns 280 
acres of laud, valued at §35 per acre ; 
is among the most intellectual, well-in- 
formed men of his township ; he fre- 
quently contributes articles for the press. 
He received the nomination for Repre- 
sentative on the Eepublican ticket, but 
on account of his aversion to holding- 
office, he declined to accept. Eeligion, 
Liberal ; Eepublican. 

SCHWEER, COXRAD, HOIS^.. 

far., Sec. 27; P. 0. Primrose; son of 
Christopher and Pora Sehwe^■'r ; born 
Feb. 6, 1825, in Hanover, Germany; is 
the only one living of a family of seven 
children — four boys and three girls ; in 
1835, his lather came to the United 
States, came up the Mississippi Eiver 
above St. Louis, and purchased land in 
Lewis Co., Mo., where he remained till 
the spring of 1836, when he came into 
Lee Co., Iowa, and laid claim to a part 
of the land now owned by his sou ; re- 
turned to Missouri and remained till the 



HARRISON TOWNSHIP. 



773 



spring of ISiJT, when he returned to 
his Iowa claim and commenced improv- 
ing it ; in June, 1838, he returned to 
Germany after his family, and Oct. 8, 
following, they shipped from Bremen to 
New Orleans on a sailing-vessel ; arrived 
at Alexandria, Mo., March 4, 1839, 
and came with teams on to his claim ; 
he brought several hundred fruit-trees 
from Germany, but the long voyage 
through the warm climate sprouted 
them to such an e'xtent that the cold 
climate here caused most of them to die ; 
he had a great many varieties of apple,pear 
and cherry trees and started a nursery, 
" the first in the county ; also raised the 
first fruit in the township ; those times 
were hard when compared with what 
people complain of now ; he had to haul 
wheat to Keokuk to market, sell it for 
twenty-five cents, and take most of it in 
trade at high figures ; also to go forty 
to fifty miles to mill, running the risk 
of being drowned in crossing streams, or 
losing the way and perishing from cold. 
Mr. Conrad Schweer married Miss So- 
phia Klinder June 24, 1853 ; she was 
born Nov. 14, 1830, in Hanover, Ger- 
many ; they have seven children — 
Charles, Mary, Louis, Martha, Sophia, 
Christopher and Conrad. His father is 
still living with him ; he was born Oct. 
27, 1795 ; his mother died Oct. 9, 1859. 
Mr. Schweer has served his county as a 
member of the Legislature in the House 
of Representatives in the Fourteenth and 
Fifteenth General Assemblies, also in 
many other positions in his township. 
He owns 693 acres of land, valued at 
$35 per acre. Member of Evangelical 
Lutheran Church ; Democratic. 
SEEIiEY^ EL.I, farmer and stock- 
raiser; P. 0. Primrose ; he was born May 
7, 1813,in Fairfield Co., Conn. ; in 1841 
he came to Lee Co., Iowa, and entered 
a quarter-section of land, where he yet 
lives ; returned to Connecticut, and 
remained till the spring of 1843, when 
he returned to Iowa and commenced 
improving his land ; broke up forty acres, 
built a house, fenced his land, and the 
winter of 1843-44 returned to Connect- 
icut ; the following spring he started for 
Iowa again, coming through Pennsylva- 
nia, where he purchased eight or nine 
hundred sheep and drove them through, 



arriving here in August ; he made a 
specialty of sheep-raising for many years. 
He married Miss Martha Beeler, daugh- 
ter of Isaac and Jane Beeler, May 1, 
1845; she was born May 14, 1822, in 
Wayne Co., Ind. ; her parents emigrated 
to this township in the spring of 1836 ; 
among the first families settled in Harri- 
son Tp. Her father harvested grain 
where Cincinnati, Ohio, now stands, 
and was in the war of 1812, and departed 
this life Feb. 16, 1872, at the advanced 
age of 89 years 2 months and 6 days ; 
his wife Jane Beeler, was born Feb. 24, 
1788, and died May 9, 1860 ; he had 
a family of seven sons and four daughters ; 
the children of Mr. and Mrs. Seeley are 
Lucy J. (who married S. B. Davis, Jan. 
1, 1879), Marietta, Theodore F., Ada M., 
Wm. B.,and George L.; lost one infant 
son. Mr. Seeley has, by his industry 
and economy, accurnulated a handsome 
property ; his home residence is one of 
the best farm houses in the county ; he 
owns in this county about 1,600 acres of 
land, and about 3,000 elsewhere. Is a 
member of the Presbyterian Church ; 
Republican. 

Slaughter, Samuel, far. ; P. 0. Farming- 
ton. 

Smith, Christ., blacksmith. Primrose. 

Stansbery, Daniel, far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Big 
Mound. 

Stanfer, Jacob, fiir. ; P. 0. Primrose. 

Steadman, Squire, far. ; P. 0. Primrose. 

Stephenson, William, section boss on rail- 
road, Warren. 

Stevenson, Samuel, retired physician. Sec. 
36 ; P. ( '. Warren. 

r-p AYLOR, JOHN, tailor. Primrose. 

Tiebe, William, painter. Primrose. 
Townsand, A. E., far. ; P. 0. Fai-mington. 
Townsand, Clark, far.. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 
Farmington. 

YERNKAHL, FREDRICK, far. ; P. 
0. Primrose. 
Voht, Daniel, far. ; P. 0. Primrose. 

WEBBER, JOHN, wagou-maker, 
Primrose. 
Weishaar, Anton, far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Prim- 
rose. 
Weishaar, Frank, carpenter. Primrose. 
Weishaar, William, carpenter and cooper 

Primrose. 
Wendt, Henry, far. ; P. 0. Prhnrose. 



774 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



White, Henry, far. ; P. 0. Primrose. 
Williamson, Ebenezer, fixr. ; P. 0. Prim- 
rose. 



Williamson, Frank, stock-dealer, Primrose. 
Williamson, William, merchant, Primrose. 



FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 



A LB RIGHT, T., far. ; P. 0. Dover. 

ABF.Ii. IIKXRY, tar.. Sec. 34 ; P. 
0. Franklin Centre ; son of Henry and 
Elizabeth Abel ; born May 2, 1819, in 
Bavaria, Germany ; emigrated with 
parents to the United States in the fall 
of 1832 ; stopped in Franklin Co.,Penn., 
till the spring of 1833, when they moved 
to Stark Co., Ohio, and thence to this 
connty in the fall of 183l), locating in 
West Point Tp., and the same winter 
eng'ased to Levi MotStt to rxvn the 
Aiignsta Mills, where he remained for 
three yeai-s. He and his father were 
the first millers in Lee Co. ; their cus- 
tomers frequently came to mill from a 
distance of 75 to 100 miles, and camp- 
ing out, and sometimes having to wait 
three and foxir weeks for their grist's to 
be ground ; since leaving the mills at 
Augusta, he has devoted his time to 
farming, with the exception of one sea- 
son steamboatiug on the Mississippi 
River, and one winter running the 
Farmington Mills. Mr. Abel was the 
fii-st person who discovered the dead 
bodies of Leisa and Miller, who were 
murdered by the Hodges Bros. ; he car- 
ried the tirst news to West Point and 
Fort Madison ; that was the tirst mur- 
der committed in Lee Co. Mr. A. has 
served his township as Trustee ; w\is also 
candidate for Representative on the Re- 
puWican ticket in the fall of 1876. He 
married Miss Christine Felt, of this 
county, May 20, 1847 ; she was born in 
Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, in May, 
1833 ; came to Ohio in 1837, and to 
Lee Co. in 1845 ; they have five chil- 
dren — Elizabeth, born May 14, 1849 ; 
John, born Oct. 25, 1851 ; Henry, Jr., 
born March 27, 1853; David, born 
June 3, 1857 ; Michael J., born July 7, 
1859. Mr. x\. came to his present farm 
in 1852 ; his father was a soldier under 
Napoleon Bonaparte, and died in West 



Point Tp. in 1874, in his 87th year, and 
mother in same township in 18ti8. Mr. 
A. and family are members of the 
Evancelieal Church ; Republican. 

ARMKXECHT, «EOmiJK, 
wagon-maker, dealer in agricultural 
implements, and Justice of the Peace, 
Franklin Centre; born Dec. 2l>, 1839, 
in Bavaria, Germany; emigrated to the 
United States in 1851, locating in Frank- 
lin Tp., Loe Co.; in 185l5, commenced 
learning his trade in Primrose, and, in 
1859, went to Burlington, where he 
remained till the fall of I8t)2 ; came to 
Franklin and engaged in the wagon- 
making business, and in 1872, added 
agricultural implements to his business. 
Married Wilhelmina Welge Oct. 8, 
1867 ; she was born Feb. 8, 1844, in 
Hanover, Germany, and came to this 
county in 1848 ; have three children 
living — Leonia M., born March 26, 
1869; Emil P., born July 8, 1871; 
Hermina H., born Jxily 2t), 1873 ; lost 
two — Hugo and Albert. Mr. A. has 
served as Township Clerk several years, 
and Secretary of the School Board, 
which he now holds, and was elected 
Justice of the Peace in the fall of 1878. 
Democrat. 

Arniknecht, Henry, far. ; P. 0. Franklin 
Centre. 

Armknecht, Phillip, wagon-maker, Frank- 
lin Centre. 
BAUST, HENRY, furniture-dealer, 
Franklin Centre. 

Becker, Lewis, far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Dover. 

Beeler, David. 

Beeler, David, far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Dover. 

Bell, Wm. E., fir., Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Dover. 

Bentzinger, Abraham, far.. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. 
Donnellson. 

Bentzinger, Abraham. 

Bentzinger, Jacob, far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 

Dover. 
.Bentzinger, John, far., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 
Dover. 



FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 



775 



Bentzinf>;er, Henry, far. ; P. 0. Dover. 

BEKOEK, JOHN, Franklin Cen- 
tre, proprietor of harness and saddler 
shop, also one of the proprietors of the 
Franklin Woolen-Mills ; born April 7, 
1831, in Bavaria, Germany. In the 
summer of 1851, emigrated with his 
sister to Ashland Co., Ohio ; in 1852, 
came to Fort Madison, Iowa ; worked at 
his trade there till the fall of 1854 ; came 
to Franklin and engaged in the harness 
and saddlery business. In 1873, he 
purchased one-third interest in the 
Franklin Woolen-Mills, which he still 
owns. Married Barbara Schmidt July 
23, 1854; she was born Dec. 14, 1831, 
in Bavaria Germany, and in the fall of 
1851, came to the tlnited States ; have 
seven children — Lizzie H., Christian A., 
Samuel E., Henry D., Emma L., John 
C. and Lydia C. ; lost one — Mary A. ; 
owns ninety-four acres of land, valued 
at $40 per acre. Members of the 
Presbyterian Church ; Democrat. 

Bergthold, Isaac, far., Sec. 22 ; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre. 

Bergthold, John, far., Sec. — ; P. O. 
Franklin Centre. 

Bermhard, Jacob, laborer, Franklin Cen- 
tre. 

Best, John, miller., Franklin Centre. 

Best, George, far.; P. 0. Franklin Centre. 

Best, P., blacksmith, Franklin Centre. 

Best Henry, saddler, Franklin Centre. 

BEST, PETER, Franklin Centre, 
prop, of wagon and blacksmith shop ; 
born Dec. 26, 1837, in Bavaria, Ger- 
many ; came with parents, Christopher 
and Josephine Best, to the United 
States in the summer of 1847, and lo- 
cated in West Point Tp., of this county; 
at the age of 15 years, he commenced 
learning the blacksmith's trade, and 
worked at different places, at journey 
work, up to September, 1861, when he 
enlisted in the service of his adopted 
country, in Company D, of the 14th I. 
V. L, participating in the battle of Fort 
Donelson, Pittsburg Landing, Corinth 
and Pleasant Hill, Ark., with many 
others of less note ; the last year worked 
mostly at his trade ; was mustered out 
in January, 1865; returned home and 
commenced his present business in 
Franklin, in the spring of 1865 ; mar- 
ried Miss Christine Seyb Feb. 9, 1866; 



she was born Aug. 20, 1844, in Bavaria, 
Germany ; have four children — Han- 
nah, born Feb. 22, 1869 ; Edward W., 
born Aug 20, 1871 ; Rudolph C, born 
Jan. 5, 1876; Mary E., born Dec. 15, 
1876; lost three — Philip, Clara and 
Mary. Mr. B. has served his town- 
shid in several official positions ; is pres- 
ent Mayor of the town ; Democrat. 

l^est, Wm., prop, brewery, Franklin Cen- 
tre. 

Blanfussy, George, cabinet-maker, Franklin 
Centre. 

Blanfussy, Frcdric, carpenter, Franklin 
Centre. 

Blechschmidt, Charles, far.; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Boeding, Frank, far.; P. 0. West Point. 

Boeding, Herman, far.. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
West Point. 

Bogert, John L., far.. Sec. 15; P.O. 
Franklin Centre. 

Bogert, John, Jr., far.. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre. 

Boley, John, far.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Don- 
nellson. 

BOIXKEL, JAMES H. & Will., 
farmers, Sec. 8; P. 0. Dover; James 
H. was born June 30, 1811, and Will- 
iam Dec. 31, 1820, in Morris Co., N. 
J. ; in the fall of 1843, emigrated to 
Iowa and, in company with two other 
brothers, engaged in mercantile business 
at Ft. Madison; the following spring, 
opened a store in Salem, Henry Co.; in 
1845, the firm of Bonnel Brothers pur- 
chased 880 acres of land in Franklin 
Tp.; commenced improving it the same 
spring; in 1846, brought out their goods 
and established a store on their farm, 
which they closed out in about two 
years thereafter, but continued farming 
in company till the winter of 1852, 
they divided up their interests in the 
land, James H. taking his where he 
now lives, which contains 171 acres, 
valued at $50 pc^r acre. He married 
Bachel A. Buffington March 5, 1845 ; 
she was born May 5, 1822, in Dearborn 
Co., Ind., and came to Lee Co. in the 
spring of 1843 ; the fall of 1845, they 
moved into Franklin Tp., and in the 
spring of 1852 on their present farm. 
They have seven children living — Syl- 
vanus, Edwin R., Nancy, Frank S., 
Clark 0. , Harvey and Albert ; lost one 



776 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



son, Lewis ; wife, member of the Pres- 
byterian Churob ; Republican. Wui. 
owns one-half interest with his brother 
John W.. in -tiH) acres of land, and 
makes his home with his bivther James 
H.; Kejniblican. Sylvanus and Edwin, 
sons of Jas. H.. served their country in 
the late rebellion. 

Borland, A. J., tar.. Sec. oL' ; P. 0. Dou- 
nellson. 

Bregenkempke, Frank, far.. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
West Poim. 

Brantsteller, Christ, ouirineer, Franklin 
Centre. 

Brown, W., blacksmith. Dover. 

Bntz. Theobald, tar.; P. 0. Fi-ankin Ceutiv. 

/'^OUKTKIGHT, J. C, tar.. Sec. -4 : 

\^' P. 0. Clay's Grove. 

Christman, Fred, teamster, Franklin Cen- 
tre. 

CKl 1K8HAXK. Al.KXAX- 
1>EK, far.. Sec. L' ; P. 0. West Point ; 
owns --1 acres of land. valut\i at §40 
per acre ; is a sou of James and Susau 
(^Wilson^ Crnikshank, and was boru 
Feb. 2, 1S05, in Christian Sands. Nor- 
way, his tathcr beiu;:; a native of Scot- 
land and his mother of Norway ; his 
father was a millwright by trade ; went 
to Norway about IT ST ; married Jane 
Wilson; had one daughter; his wife 
died and he married jSusan Wilson \^sis- 
ter of his first wife and mother of Al- 
exander\ and died in lSOi\in the 59th 
year of his age ; at the ag-e of 12 yeai-s, 
young Cruikshank went on boai'd a 
vessel plyiug between Christian Sands 
and -Duudee, in Scotland, and subse- 
quently sailed under the tlag>j of En- 
gland, United States, Prussia, Bussia 
and that of Mexico in 1S24, while in 
the attempt to gixin her independence, 
and the following yeai-s vip to lSo2, he 
was on board vessels running between 
New York. London and West Indies ; 
a shipmate, John Thompson, of New 
York State, pei-siiaded him to go 
with him to New York; they came to 
Butlalo, and on to Erie, where they took 
stage to Kttsburgh, Penn., his comrade 
having some land in Pennsylvania 
which be wished to look at\er ; they 
concluded to go to New Orleans, came 
down to Wheeling, Ya., where his com- 
rade was accidentally killed by falling 
on the rtv-wheel of the boat ; he had 



his remains interred at Marietta, Ohio, 
and sent his effects to his friends ; while 
in Marietta, he formed the acquaintau^H? 
of Mr. Bissell, and together they came 
to Beardstown, 111.; he stopped in 
Schuyler Co., 111.; springof ISi^H.wentto 
Hancock Co. In ISiU, married Keziah 
Perkins, daughter of Stephen and 
Catharine ;^nee Stmuna^ Perkins ; she 
was boru March 5, ISIO, in Floyd Co., 
Ky.; she was of the old Revolutionary 
stock ; her grandfather I\nkins served 
xtnder Gen. Francis Marion during the 
Kevolution, and living to be one of the 
early settlei-s of Lee Co., Iowa, dying 
at Primrose in January, 1S41, at the 
advanced age of 9T. In the spring of 
lSo4. Mr. C. made his first advent into 
Iowa, landing at Fort Madison in 
March ; there were but three families 
in the place ; he came to what is now 
Pleasant Ridge Tp. and made his claim ; 
was the first white inhabitant in that 
township; in the fall of 1S3-I, sold out 
and moved into Marion Tp.; was also 
the first white settler in that township ; 
remained until the tall of "ISoo, sold 
oxit to Mr. Davis, u\oved into Franklin 
Tp. and laid claim to the laud he still 
owns. Has had eight children, seven 
still living — «Tames. born May 7, 1S35, 
the first white child born in Marion Tp. 
and the oldest male person now living 
who was born in this county ; Cntha- 
riue, born Feb. 14, ISoT ; Elizabeth, 
May S, 1S41 ; Jeannie, March 27, 
1S44; Iowa, Sept. 5, lS4t> ; Alexan- 
ander, Sept. 12, 1S49 ; John P„ June 
22, 1S52; Stephen, March 13, 1S40, 
died Sept. 2t>. 1S40. Mr. C. has held 
a few of the otfices of trust in his town- 
ship ; is not au office-seeker, being con- 
tent to use his best endeavors to elect 
the best men to fill all places of trust. 
Democrat. 
Cruikshank, James, far.. See. 3 ; P. 0. 
\V est Point. 

DEI BERT, JACOB, mail-carrier, 
Franklin Centre. 
Dekalb, John, far.. See. 10 ; P. 0. Dover. 
Delabar, L., painter, Franklin Centre. 
Dester, Jacob, tar.. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Fi-ank- 

lin Centre. 
Dickey, Barbara, Postmistress, Dover. 
Ditsoii, L., far., Sec. 25; P. 0. Franklin 
Centre. 



FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 



777 



Donnell, W. 11., in Charleston Tp. 
Dyck, H., wagon-maker, Franklin Centre. 

ELLWANGH]R, GOTTHILF, far.; 
P. 0. Franklin (\>ntre. 

E^iClIMANN, rRKI>, far., Sec. 
36; P. U. Franklin Centre; own.s 120 
acres of land, valued at |25 per acre ; 
born Sept. 24, 1827, in what was then 
France, but now Germany. Married 
Miss Caroline Maeffner, of the same 
]tlace Sept. 14, 1850 ; she was born 
March 28, 1825; in the spring of 1 852, 
emiarated to the United States locating 
in Lee Co., Iowa, on the farm upon 
which he is still living. Mr. E. has 
served his Township as Trustee, School 
Director and Assessor ; the latter office 
he now holds for the sixth year. They 
have five children living — Lena (now 
Barker), born Sept. 18, 1852 ; Caroline, 
born Dec. 12,1854; George, born Feb. 
24, 185fci ; Sophia, born Feb. 21, 1858 ; 
Emily (now Heyer), born July 24, 
1862 ; lost two sons, Fred and Frederick. 
Mr. E. is a member of the I. O. 0. F. 
Republican. 

Eberley, J. C, far., Sec. 2!) ; P. 0. Don- 
nellson. 

Eschmann, Fred, far.. Sec. 8G ; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre. 

Eyiuann, D. T.,far., Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Eymann, J. J., saddler, Franklin Centre. 

FEIKERT, KARL, flxr.. Sec. 32 ; P. 
O. Donnellson. 
FEI.DMAXN, HKXRV, farmer, 
Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Franklin Centre ; son of 
Henry and Sophia Feldmann ; born May 
12, 1823, in Brunswick, Germany ; on the 
20th of November, 1846, he shipped 
from Bremen for the United States ; 
came to Iron Mound, Mo., where he 
stopped till the following May, when he 
came to Lee Co., Iowa, and located in 
Franklin Tp. ; . in the spring of 1856, 
moved in to Harrison Tj)., where he resid- 
ed till thespringof 1876; then came to his 
present farm of 175 acres, valued at $25 
per acre. Mr. F. was married to Miss 
Johanna Wilke Jan. 19, 1854; she 
was born in Hanover, Germany, in De- 
cember, 1827, and died Aug. 3, 1855. 
He again married Augusta Wirsig Jan. 
17, 1861 ; she was born Dec. 10, 1837, 
in Prussia ; had one son by first wife, 
deceased ; have two adopted children — 



William and Caroline. Mr. F.'s parents 
came out from Germany in 1848 ; his 
father died Sept. 20, 1872 ; his mothei 
is still living. Mr. F. has held several 
.offices of trust in his township; is a 
member of the ]^iVangelical Church; 
Deniucrat. 

Fett, Henry, farmer, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Fey, John, far. ; P. 0. Franklin Centre. 

Fischer, John, far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Frank, Frederick, farmer, Sec. 28 ; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre. 

Frank, John, far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Dover. 

Free, Adam, laborer, Franklin Centre. 

r^ ARDNER, E. C, far.; P. 0. Dover. 

GARDINER, JAMES II., farmer 
and bridgc-buildur, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Dover; 
born May 11 , 1835, in Hillsboro, N. H. ; 
parents, William and Sophronia Gard- 
ner, emigrated to Jackson Co., W. Va., 
when he was about 4 years old ; in the 
fall of 1856, he went to Louisville, Ky., 
and engaged in the employ of the Louis- 
ville Bridge and Iron Co., building 
bridges ; have been in their employ, 
building, and superintending the build- 
ing of bridges ever since ; during the re- 
bellion, had charge of the bridges and 
building on the Louisville & Nashville 
R. R., and was captured several times 
by the guerrillas, but on account of his 
not being a combatant, was released ; he 
has had charge of the bridge-building on 
twenty-seven different railroads, and is 
still making a specialty of superintend- 
ing and putting up bridges for the same 
company. He married Miss Amanda 
Peoples, of Meigs Co., Ohio, Dec. 15, 
1859; she was born July 16, 1838, in 
Steubenville, Ohio ; purchased 160 acres 
of his present farm in 1874, and moved 
his family on it, and has subsecfuently 
added to it, till now he has 364 acres 
valued at $50 per acre ; in 1876, brought 
his parents from Virginia, and located 
them on his fiirm ; liis children are 
William S.,Lucinda H., Harry A., Mary 
E., Robt. H. and John E. ; lost two 
— James C. and Edwin E. Member of 
Christian church ; Dem. 

Gardner, R. A., farmer ; P. 0. Dover. 

Gathermann, A., laborer; P. 0. Franklin 
Centre. 



778 



PIRJECTOKY OF LEF COUNTY: 



Gottonian, Aiidrow, lab.. Franklin Cenno. 
(riosoke. William, faruier. Seo. 1 : P. 0. 

Wosc Point. 
UKAHAM. ARTIHK, mirod 

tariuer and obairniakov ; P. O. Frank- 
lin Centre ; born Sept. 10, ISll. in 
Cumberland Co., England ; in the spring 
of lSol.\ he emigrated to the United 
States, loeating at Bellofonte, in Centre 
Co., Penn. ; followed hi.< trade, ohair- 
making, till the spring of 1SHJ1 ; he went 
to Ciiuinnati, Ohio, and stopped but a 
short time ; then eanie to Lee Co.. Iowa, 
purchased the claims for three (\uartor- 
sections of land in Charleston and Jef- 
fei"son Tjis., and returned to Ciueiunati. 
and followed his trade till the summer 
of 1S42 ; returned to Iowa and secured 
only one quarter -section of the laud he 
purchased, two of the quarters being 
t;ikon by the Government for school pur- 
poses ; remained upon his farm till the 
fj\ll of IStiT ; then sold out and moved 
to Keokuk, where he remained till the 
fall of ISliJK when he moved to Frank- 
lin, where he now resides. Mr. G. mar- 
ried Miss Sarah Bainbridge in England, 
June 4, 1S3(.> ; she was born March 10, 
1811 : have uo children ; have lost two 
— ,Tane and William B. Mr. G. has 
filled several offices of trust in his town- 
ship ; was also Mayor of Franklin 
Centre ; is a member of Wesleyan Meth- 
odist Church ; Republican. 

Groene, Casper, tarmer. Sec. 1 : P. 0. West 
Point. 

Gumpf. George, tarmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre. 

HA E F F N E B. D A X . , merchant, 
Franklin Centre. 
Hatiner, Jacob, farmer. Sec. -JO : P. 0. 

Donnellson. 
HAAFFXFK. JOHX. Sr., i u ; 

P. 0. Franklin Ctnitre ; born Sept. 13, 
1S14, in Bavaria, Germany ; in the 
spring of 1S3T, emigrated to the United 
States, locating in West Point Tj>.. of 
Lee Co., and made his homo with his 
brother Fred ; came into Franklin Tp. 
in ISO'i; makes his homo with his 
brother Freds widow. Mr. H. has 
served as one of the County Supervis- 
oi-s several years, and as Township 
School Treasurer, also Trustee; is a 
member of the German Presbyterian 
Church ; Democrat. 



HAAFXKK. FKFI>.. Jr., for., 

Sec. L'l ; P. 0. Ponuellson ; owns 326 
acres of land valued at S50 per acre ; 
born in Lee Co., Iowa. Dec. 21, 1846; 
his lather, Fred Haafner, came to the 
United States in 1832, with a Mr. Fred- 
erick Krebill ; stopped in Kichland Co., 
Ohio, and worked one year for Mr. 
Krebill to pay his passage, according to 
an agreement made previous to starting ; 
in the fall of 1836. he came to Lee 
Co., Iowa ; located near West Point ; 
in the spring of 1862, he came into 
Franklin Tp.,wherc he died Feb. 27, 1874. 
Fred married Bosaua Haafner Nov. 
16, 1860 ; she was born in this county 
Sept. 13, 1850 ; have three children- 
Edwin, born Sept. 2, 1870, Emil, Feb. 
20, 1872. and Alviu. Aug. 24, 1875. 
Mr. Haafner has served his township as 
Trustee ; is one of the leading liirmei^ 
of this township. Member of the 
Presbyterian Church ; Democrat. 

Hahn. Karl, stoni^mason, Franklin Centre. 

Hlafmann, George. saloon, Franklin Centre. 

Hahn, Frederick, saloon. Franklin Centre. 

Ilalbusch, William, lab., Franklin Centre. 

Hammer. John C, tar.; P. 0. Franklin 
Centre. 

Vlamnier. Karl, teamster, Franklin Centre. 

Harms, Christian, butcher, Franklin Centre. 

Haffner, John. Sr., lar.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. 
Donnellson. 

Halfmann, Adam, lar.. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre. 

Halfnian. L.. merchant. Fiixnklin Centre. 

Handrich, Jacob, far.. See. 20; -P. 0. 
Dotniellson. / 

Hardwick. Jonathan, far.. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 
Dover. 

Harnagel, Anderas. lar.. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre. 

Hanry. Jacob, shoemaker Franklin Centxe. 

Heimbcrg. Henry, laborer. Franklin Centre. 

Heiseke, Louis, retired farmer; P. 0. 
Franklin Cct\tre. 

HFINFK. IIFKMASTN €., 
31. n.. physician and surgeon, also 
dealer in drugs and medicines, Frank- 
lin Centre; born Aug, 11, 1845, in 
Prussia ; his parents emigrated to the 
United States in the spring of 1855, 
locating in Keokuk, Lee Co. ; was edu- 
cated in the Keokuk schools; in 1858, 
entered the drug store of Dr. Bradeu, 
where he remained two or three yeai-s ; 



FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 



779 



served in the Missouri Militia about six 
months prior to enlisting in Co. M, of 
the 8th I. V. C, Aug. 13, 1863; in 
186-1, was promoted to Commissary; 
participated ut the battles of Resaca, 
Allatoona, Ga., Nashville and Franklin, 
Tenu., and at the capture of Atlanta, 
also in about one hundred skirmishes ; 
was discharged at Clinton, Iowa, Aug. 
27, 1865. On his return home, engaged 
in mercantile business at Peakesville, 
Mo., in company with his sister, also 
commenced the study of medicine ; was 
appointed Postmaster at Peakesville ; 
attended the Keokuk Medical College 
in 1867 and 1868, and graduated in 
1869, and in the spring of the same 
year came to Franklin Centre and com- 
menced his present business. Dr. H. 
was a candidate for State Senator on 
the Republican ticket in the fall of 
1877 ; was Mayor of Franklin in 1876. 
Married Johanna M. Welge of this 
place, Oct. 27, 1870; she was born 
Jan. 6, 1851, in this town; have two 
children — Emma D., born Sept. 22, 
1872, and Clara E., Jan. 17, 1877. 
Members of the Lutheran Church ; Re- 
publican. 

Helm, W. O., far., S. 23; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Hirschler, J. S., Rev., Mennonite minister, 
Franklin Centre. 

Herstein, John, far. ; P. 0. Franklin 
Centre. 

Herstein, John, teamster, Franklin Cen- 
tre. 

Herschler, David, far., Sec. 9; P. 0. 
Dover. 

Hohl, Martin, far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Dover. 

Hohl, Michael, far., S. 14; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Holdefer, Jacob, far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Hooser, John, far., Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

JOTTER, PETER, retired ftirmer ; P. 
0. Franklin Centre. 

Jesberg, John I., far. ; P. 0. Franklin 
Centre. 

Jesberg, Henry, shoemaker, Franklin 
Centre. 

Jaschke, Frank, far., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

KALTEFLEITER, HENRY, far., 
8. 1 ; P. 0. West Point. 



Kesler, Bernhard, laborer, Franklin Cen- 
tre. 

Kern, M., far., S. 28; P. 0. Franklin 
Centre. 

Kiefer, Joe, far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Franklin 
Centre. 

Kile, J. E., hr., S. 17 ; P. 0. Dover. 

Kirchner, Adam, far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre. 

Kiichner, John, far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

KIK€HN£R, PHIL.IPP, farm- 
er. Sec. 29; P. 0. Donnellson ; owns 
1171 acres of land, valued at $40 per 
acre; was born Jan. 11, 1820, in Ba- 
varia, Germany ; in the fall of 1849, he 
emigrated to the United States, stopping 
in New York City about three u)onths, 
then to New Jersey for two months ; 
returned to New York State for a short 
time, thence to Cleveland, Ohio ; in the 
spring of 1851 and the following sum- 
mer, he worked on a farm in the 
country ; next fall, came back to Cleve- 
land, thence to St. Louis, Mo., visited 
friends, and went into Madison Co. 111.; 
in the spring of 1852, he returned to 
St. Louis; in the fall following, he re- 
turned to Germany. In the spring of 
1854, he returned to Cleveland, Ohio, 
and married there Elizabeth Schmidt 
May 31, 1854 ; she was born June 23, 
1833, in Germany ; remained in Cleve- 
land till the spring of 1855, then came 
to Lee Co., Iowa, and stopped at Fort 
Madison ; in the spring of 1858, he 
purchased forty acres of land, where 
Donnellson is now located ; in the spring 
of 1866, he sold out and purchased his 
present farm ; they have three children 
—Fritz, born March 2, 1855 ; Phillip, 
Oct. 31, 1857; Carl, July 29, 1859. 
Mr. Kirchner has served his township 
as Trustee and School Director. Re- 
publican. 

KLIEBENSTEIN, LMD WlCt, 
Pastor of the German Presbyterian 
Church, Franklin Centre ; was born 
March 23, 1833, in Prussia; emigrated 
with his parents to the United States in 
1846, and located in Grant Co., Wis. ; 
in 1856, he went to Dubuque to attend 
school ; remained there about five years, 
attending the Theological Seminary, 
which was under the supervision of the 
German Presbyterian Church ; in 1861 , 



•80 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



he came to Buifalo, Scott Co., Iowa, 
and served as Pastor of the church 
there till 1S66, when he eaine to Frank- 
lin ; since has officiated as Pastor of the 
German Presbyterian Clinrch hei"e. 
He married Miss Mary jMiser, of Du- 
buque, April 9, ISGa ; she was born in 
Switzerland Dec. iL', 1842 ; they have 
five children living — Mary A., Emma 
M., Lydia M., Ludwig F., Gnstav J. ; 
lost two — Ludwig and Edward. Re- 
publican. 

KL.I XDER, LOl IS H., former, 
P. 0. Primrose ; son of Christopher and 
Sophia Klunder ; born Nov. 2S, 1836, 
in Hanover, Tiermany; he is one of a 
fomily of five children, three boys and 
two girls ; two boys died in Germany. 
In September, 1849, his parents started 
for the United States, and came on to 
Cape Girardeau, Mo., where they re- 
mained till the spring of 1850 ; they then 
came to Harrison Tp., Lee Co. ; his 
father purchased the farm now owned 
by himself, of a Mr. Wm. Howard ; the 
farm now contains 295 acres, valued at 
$85 per acre ; parents both died of 
typhoid fever ; father died Aug. 19, 
1859, and mother Aug. 21, 1859. 
Mr. K. married Miss Magdalena J. 
Schweer, of this township, April 13, 
1860 ; she was born in thiscoimty Sept. 
11, 1840. and is said to be the first 
white child born in the township ; she 
departed this Hfe Jan. 25, 1878, leav- 
ing her companion and eight children to 
mourn her loss — Charlie C, born Feb. 
20, 1861 : Sophia C, born Feb. 19, 
1863 ; Anna C, born Dec. 11, 1864; 
Mary S., born Feb. 12, 1867; Emma 
M., born May 14, 1869; Martha J., 
born Deer 31, 1870; Louis C, bora 
Nov. 3, 1873; Doratha M., born Nov. 
17, 1876. Mr, K. is among the prosperous 
farmers of his township ; has a fine resi- 
dence, and is comfortably situated. 
Member of the Evangelical Church ; 
Democrat. 

Koehler, Fred, tar., Sec. 12; P. 0. ^\'■est 
Point. 

Knauff, Chatanna, tar., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 
Dover. 

Knauti; Geo., far.. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Dover. 

Knoch, John, carpenter, Franklin Center. 

Kramer, Casper, for., Sec. 12 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 



Krebell, F. H., for.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Dover. 

KREBIIX, PETER, for.. See. 
19 ; P. 0. Franklin Center ; owns 190 
acres of land, valued at $40 per acre ; 
born Nov. 7, 1827, in Bavaria, Germany ; 
parents, Frederick and Anna Kre- 
bill, emigrated to what was then Rich- 
land Co., Ohio, in 1832, where the 
fothcr died in IMarch, 1849, and the 
mother Jan. 17, 1856. Mr. Krebill 
married Magdalena Fox Feb. 15, 1856; 
she was born April 6, 1833, in Bavaria, 
Germany. In the spring of 1857, they 
emigrated to Lee Co., Iowa, and located 
on his present form. They have eleven 
children — Anna F., born Jan. 15, 1857 ; 
David J., born May 11, 1858 ; Henry 
F., Nov. 10, 1859 ; Margaret, April 29. 
1862; Magdalena, Feb. 15. 1864; 
Samuel, Jan. 20, 1866 ; Peter, Dec. 28, 
1868 ; John, May 23, 1870 ; Edward, 
Feb. 5, 1873; Laura, July 7, 1875; 
Frederick, March 9, 1878. Mr. Kre- 
bill is a member of the Mennonite 
Church ; Democrat. 

Krehbiel, Christ., for.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
Donnellson. 

Krehbiel, Henry, far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Dover. 

Krebill, Jacob, for.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Don- 
nellson. 

Krehbiel, Jacob, for., S. 20 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Krehbiel, J. A., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Center. 

Krehbiel, John, far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Dover. 

Krehbiel, Peter, far., S. 19; P. 0. Don- 
nellson. 

Kreikenbaum, Fred, blacksmith, Franklin 
Centre. 

Kukhartz, John, tar.. Sec. 12 ; P. O. 
West Point. 

Kreikenbaum, Henry, retired, Franklin 
Centre. 

Kuhn, Frank, laborer, Franklin Centre. 
ANG, F., merchant, Franklin Centre. 



L 



Lang, John P., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Dover. 

Latschar, Joseph, far., S. 18; P.O. Frank- 
lin Centre. , 

Ledig. Louis, far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Dover. 

Leisy. Abraham, Sr., for. ; P. 0. Dover. 

Leisy, Abraham, Jr., for. ; P. 0. Dover. 

Leisy, Jacob, for., S. 30 ; P. 0. Donnell- 
son. 

Leisy, John, retired farmer ; P. 0. Franklin 
Centre. 



FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 



781 



Lerche, A. H., butcher, Franklin Centre. 

Loeweuberg, John, Sr., far., See. 19 ; P. 
0. Franklin Centre. 

Loewenberg-, John, Jr., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre. 

Loewenberg, Valatin, far., Sec. 19 ; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre. 

JL.EDERER, GEORC^E F., deal- 
er in dry goods and general merchan- 
dise, Franklin Centre ; born May 24, 
1823, in Bavaria, Germany ; in the 
spring of 1852, emigrated to the United 
States via New York and Chicago ; 
stopped at the latter place about two 
months, then went on to New Orleans, 
where he remained till the summer of 
1854, then went to Quincy, 111., and, in 
the spring of 1855, moved to Bushnell, 
111., being among the first settlers of the 
town; in August, 1856, came to Keo- 
kuk, Lee Co., and engaged in the dis- 
tillery and brewery business, which he 
carried on till the spring of 1872 ; 
traded his property in Keokuk for 340 
acres of land in Scotland Co., Mo., 
which he farmed till the fall of 1878; 
traded it for his present property in 
South Franklin, also ninety- nine acres 
of land, valued at $35 per acre. Mr! 
L. married Mary Frith, of New Or- 
leans, June 11, 1854; she was born in 
Alsace, France, April 11, 1816 ; they 
have one adopted son — Charles ; he was 
born July 29, 1366. Mr. L. and wife 
are members of the Lutheran Church ; 
Kepublican. 

MATTERN, JOHN, far., Sec. 32; 
P. 0. Donnellson. • 
McCUIiliOlJGH , ll^ATH AN- 

lEIi, farmer, Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Frankin 

Centre ; is of Scotch descent, although 
he was born in Ireland, Nov. 10, 1805; 
emigrated to the United States in 1822, 
locating in Ogdensburg, N. Y. While 
there, he married Mary Flannigan ; she 
was also a native of Ireland, and born 
in May, 1807. In the year 1830, they 
emigrated to Washtenaw Co., Mich., 
where they remained till July, 1844, 
when they came to Iowa, locating on the 
farm he still owns ; in the spring of 
1850, he crossed the plains with ox- 
teams to California ; remained there till 
the spring of 1851, when he returned 
home via New York ; on the 6th of 
August, 1871, his wife died. He again 



married Sarah Locke Jan. 8, 1873 ; she 
was born Jan. 25, 1822, .in County 
Antrim, Ireland; Mr. McCullough had 
seven children by first wife ; three now 
living — Minerva (now Rasey), Elizabeth 
(now Hathaway) and William, a prac- 
ticing physician in Barry Co., Mo. ; 
those deceased were Thomas, Nathaniel, 
Drummond, Walker and Mary, all of 
whom died in adult life. Mr. McC. 
was appointed Deputy Warden of the 
State Penitentiary at Fort Madison in 
1854, and, the year following, was 
elected Land School Commissioner, and 
was re-elected at the end of two years 
for a second term, the office being 
abolished by the act of the Legislature 
about a year thereafter ; he has also 
served in most of the offices of his 
township and as grand and petit Juror 
for many years. Is a Presbyterian ; 
Democratic. 

MATHEWS, PAUL, far., Sec. 6 ; 
P. 0. Dover ; owns 460 acres of land, 
valued at $30 per acre ; born March Iti, 
1811, in Washington Co., Penn. ; emi- 
grated 1)0 Lee Co., Iowa, in the spring 
of 1851, and located on the farm upon 
which he still lives. He married Nancy 
Speer March 29, 1837, in Pennsyl- 
vania ; she was born May 18, 1816, in 
Washington Co., Penn., and died July 
17, 1873 ; their children are Jane, born 
June 6, 1838 : Paul M., born March 
29, 1842 ; William P., born July 19, 
1852; Albert L., born Aug. 28, 1855 ; 
Edward C, born July 15, 1857; Cora 
E., born July 27, 1859 ; James S., 
born Nov. 12, 1839, and died May 30, 
1863, from wounds received at a skir- 
mish, near Helena, Ark. ; Boyd, born 
Jan. 26, 1841, and died Aug. 23, 1871 ; 
John C, born May 7, 1845, and died 
June 1, 1864, in Memphis, Tenn. ; 
Catharine, born Sept. 6, 1843, and died 
Aug. 11, 1845; Eliza, born April 20, 
1847, and died April 26, 1851 ; Isa- 
bella H., born Nov. 25, 1848, and died 
April 30, 1851 ; his sons, James S., 
John C. and Paul M. served their 
country during the late rebellion in Co. 
B, of the 3d I. V. C. Mr. Mathews 
has been a member of the United Pres- 
byterians ; politics, Republican. 

May, Jacob, far., Sec. 11; P. 0. West 
Point. 



782 



DIRECTOKY OF LEE COUNTY: 



May, William, far.. Sec 11 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Meinhart, Jacob, for.. Sec. 32; P. 0. 
Donnellson. 

Meker, Henry, far.. Sec. 31 : P. 0. Don- 
nellson. 

Metzger, Christ, far.. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Dover. 

Miller, Daniel, far., See. 28 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Miller, Grideon. teamster, Franklin Centre. 

Moehlinger, Jacob, flir.. Sec. 33 : P. 0. 
Donnellson. 

Mehl, Henry, carpenter, Franklin Centre. 

Mehl, Jacob, shoemaker, Franklin Centre. 

Mehl, Valentine, far.; P.O.Franklin Centre 

Mueller, Phillip, for., S. 22 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

'ATEWTOX. T. H., tar.. S. 16 ; P. 0. 

JJN Dover. 

Neft'. John, far., S. 32 : P. 0. Donnellson. 

OHWING, FRED, tailor, Franklin 
Centre. 
PARDALL, L. F., for. ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 
PASCHAI., SAMCEL, former, 
Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Dover; owns 107 acres 
of land, valued at ;$4:0 per acre ; born 
Nov. 8, 1811, in Wilson Co.,Tenn. ; 
parents emigrated to Morgan Co., 111., 
in 1825; in\he fall of 1835, he emi- 
grated to Lee Co., Iowa, locating in 
Marion Tp. ; among the first settlers of 
the township ; in the fall of 1850, came 
to his present form in Franklin Tp. ; he 
also served in the Black Hawk war 
three months under Gen. Dodge. He 
married Hannah Street, of Morgan Co., 
111., Feb. 7, 1833; she was bom Jan. 
20, 1813, in Tennessee, and died Nov. 
5, 1877, leaving her companion and 
eight children to mourn' her loss ; the 
children are Silas J. (born Nov. 23, 
1833, who is unmarried and living at 
his father's"), Mary E. (born Sept. 10, 
1835), Lucy A. '(born Oct. 8, 1837), 
Anthony S. (born Jan. 6. 1840), James 
I. (born Sept. 9, 1843), Daniel B. F. 
(born Jan. 21, 1848~), Emily P. (born 
June 5, 1850), John F. ^born Feb. 24, 
1853) ; lost one daughter — Eliza. Mr. 
Paschal is a member of the M. E. 
church, his wife having also been a 
member of the same church and several 
of his children. Silas J., Anthony S. 
and John L. are living at home. Dem- 
ocrat. 



Pletscher, John, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Dover. 

RASCH. F., shoemaker, Franklin Cen- 
tre. 

Ranscher, Adam, retired farmer, Franklin 
Centre. 

Refior, Jacob, for., S. 6 ; P. 0. Primrose. 

Reitz. Conrad, stone-mason, Franklin Cen- 
tre. 

Reugg, — , Congregational clergyman, 
Frenklin Centre. 

Rings, John, cooper, Franklin Centre. 

Roemermann, William, dyer, Franklin 
Centre. 

Rockelmann, Nicholas, laborer, Franklin 
Centre. 

Rueggy, T. R., Rev., Pastor Liitheran 
Church, Franklin Centre. 

Rings, Daniel, far.. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Dover. 

Rochbach, J. J., teacher, Franklin Centre. 

Roeder, John, farmer and cooper, Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Roth, John, far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Franklin 
Centre. 

SAEGERT, FREDRIC, sexton, Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Schaefer, Conrad, tailor, Franklin Centre. 

Sawyer, D. T., for., Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Don- 
nelson. 

Sander, Christian, for., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre. 

Schachtrup, Frank, for.. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 
West Point. 

Scheffler, Peter, far., S. 34 ; P. O. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Schenebele, Henry, for. Sec. 18 ; P. O. 
Donnellson. 

Schmidt, Abraham,- far., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre. 

Schmitt, Frank; for., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre. 

Schmidt, John, for., S. 34 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Schmidt, J. M., teacher, Franklin Centrf.. 

Schuiitt, Valentine, for.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. 
Dover. 

Schowalter, Abraham, for., S. 18 ; P. 0. 
Donnellson. 

SCHOWAIiTER, CHRIS- 
TIAN, REV., Pastor of the Men- 
nonite Church and teacher of the Ger- 
man school, Primrose; born Nov. 11, 
1828, in Bavaria, Germany; was edu- 
cated at a seminary m Germany and 
followed teaching there about one year ; 
in the foil of 1850, emigrated to the 
United States, stopped in Ashland Co., 



FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 



783 



Ohio, attended the Vermilion school 
there under Prof. DieiFendorf; in the 
spring of 1853, came to Lee Co. and 
located in Franklin Tp. ; the same year 
established a German school, also or- 
ganized the Mennonite Church, and the 
following year the church was built ; 
Mr. S. was ordained as a minister in 
1861, since which time he has officiated 
as Pastor of the Church, and has taught 
the German school since 1853. Mar- 
ried Miss Kosanna HaflEher, of this coun- 
ty, Oct. 25, 1855; she was born May 
14,1835, in Bavaria, Germany; their 
children are Edward H., Minno W., 
Rudolph C, Barbara K., Hannah M., 
Christopher A., John B., Jacob A. ; 
lost 5 — Menno, John, Babette, William 
and an infant. 

Schowalter, Peter, far.. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Donnellson. 

Schnebele, Jacob, far.. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. 
Donnellson. 

Schock, Christ., far.. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Scott, H. T., carpenter, Donnellson. 

Scott, J. M., blacksmith, Dover. 

Sell, John, laborer, Franklin Centre. 

Smith, John, teacher, Franklin Centre. 

Snee, Frank, far.. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Specht, Jacob, far.. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Specht, Justus, far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Spiese, G. H., far., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Spohnheimer, Jacob, far., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 
Donnellson. 

Straib, Henry, far., Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Seby, Christ., Sr., far., Sec. 27; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre. 

Seyb, Christ., Jr., far.. Sec. 28; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre. 

Seefeld, John, far., Sec. 13; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Seyb, Charley, far., S. 16; P.O. Franklin 
Centre. 

SEYB, MICHAEIi, far., and stock- 
dealer. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Franklin Centre; 
makes a specialty of Short-horns and 
Norman horses ; owns 480 acres of land, 
valued at $35 per acre ; born May 7, 
1823, in Bavaria, Germany, came with 
parents, Peter and Catharine Seyb, to 



the United States in the fall of 1835, 
locating near Buffalo, N. Y. ; in the 
spring of 1838, he came to Lee Co. ; his 
parents came in 1845, and located land 
in Franklin Tp. ; father deceased, De- 
cember, 1^65, and mother Oct. 18, 1877. 
Mr. S. married Mary Rauscher, of this 
county, July 22, 1851 ; she was born 
Oct. 27, 1830, in Bavaria, Germany ; 
their children are John P., born Oct. 
10, 1855; Henrietta, born April 28, 
1852, married Theodore Feiff Jan. 13, 
1878. Mr. S. came on to his present 
farm in 1870 ; is a member of the Evan- 
gelical Church ; Republican. 
THOMAS, GOTTLEIB, farmer, Sec. 
23 ; P. 0. Franklin Centre. 

Turner, Ezra, miller, Franklin Centre. 

Timpe, Henry, far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

TT^OOT, <3;-EORGE, manufacturer 
V and dealer in boots and shoes ; 
Franklin Centre ; owns thirty-two acres 
of land outside of the corporation, valued 
at $25 per acre ; born Sept." 4, 1838, in 
Bavaria, Germany ; emigrated with par- 
ents to the United States in 1851 ; 
located in Franklin Tp., Lee Co., Iowa'; 
at the age of 13, he commenced to learn 
the shoemaker's trade, from which time 
that has been his occupation ; commenced 
business for himself in 1857. Married 
Mrs. Sally Vogt, whose maiden name 
was Weber, April 18, 1860 ; she was 
born Dec. 12, 1835, in a province then 
in France, now in Germany ; her hus- 
bands were brothers ; by the first mar- 
riage she had five children, three now 
living — George, Susan and Caroline ; 
deceased were Henry and Caroline ; the 
children by second marriage are Henry, 
Katy, I-ena, Mary, Emma and Anna ; 
lost three, Julius, Rosa and infant not 
named. Mr. V. has served as member 
of the School Board several years, and 
is the present Recorder of the corpora- 
tion ; is a member of Evangelical Church ; 
Democratic. 

WAGNER, JOS., hardware and tin- 
ware, Franklin Centre. 
Wagner, Frank, carp., Franklin Centre. 
Wagner, George, laborer, Franklin Centre. 
Walter, Louis, merchant, Dover. 
Weaker, P. H., far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Dover. 
Watermeier, F. E., far. ; P. 0. Franklin 
Centre. 



784 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY : 



WKBKK, JACOB, iavuior, See. IS; 
V. 0. Frimroso ; siou of Foter ami Cath- 
avine Weber; born July o. 1880, in 
Bavaria, Germany ; he emigrared with 
his father to the United States in the 
spring of 1851, and located in Franklin 
Tp., Lee Co. ; his father died Aniiust. 
1855 ; Mr. W. married Barbara llatl- 
ner, of this county, Oct. 2,"), 1855 ; she 
was born Feb. 7, 18H4, in Bavaria, Ger- 
many, and oamo to the United States in 
1837 ; have two children — Christopher, 
born Jan. oO, 1858 ; Catharine K., born 
April 28, 18ti(^ ; lost one daughter. Bar- 
bara. Mr. W. owns a farm of 1(H^ acres, 
valued at $40 per acre ; member of 
Mennonite Church ; Pemocratic. 

AVeber, I»eter, far.. See. 18 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Weil, Fredric, stone-mason, Franklin Cen- 
ter. 

Weil, Mathew. basket-maker, Franklin 
Centre. 

Weil, John, iarmer and stone-mason. Sec. 
P. 0. Franklin Centre. 

Weimer, Jacob, far., Soc. I ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Weir, J. B., merchant, Dounellson. 

Westermau. Henry, far.. Sec. 84 ; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre. 

Wiegner, Adam, far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Don- 
nellson. 

Wieguer, A. &. P.. farmers, S. 22; P. 0. 
Fi-anklin Centre. 



Wiegner. ,lacob. far.. S. 22 ; V. 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 
WIKUXKK. .1. FHll.Lir, 

farmer and stock-dealer, Soc. ;U> ; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre; owns 2G5acivs of land, 
valued at $40 per acre ; son of Henry 
and Mary Wiegner; boi'u Feb. 14, 
1889. in Bovaria, Germany; in the fall 
of 1850, his parents emigrated to the 
United States, locating in Charleston 
Tp., Lee Co., where he remained till the 
fair of lStU>. He then returned to 
Germany, and, on the 14th of jMarch 
tbllowing, he married Miss Caroline 
Schmidt; she was born in April, 1847. 
The same spring, after his marriage, ho 
retiuned to Leo Co. and commenced 
keeping house on the farm he still owns, 
having purchased it in 18l>4. On the 
21st of November, 18G8, his wife and 
an infant son died. He agiiin married, 
Flizabeth Abel, of this county, Feb. 20, 
1878; she was born April 18, 1851. in 
this countv, bv whom he has one son — 
Carl Alfred, born Nov. 21, 1873. The 
town of South Franklin was laid out on 
on his land in 1872, a year after the 
railroad came through. Mr. W. is a 
member of the FiVangelical Church ; 
Democrat. 

Wiegner, Peter, far., S. 22 ; W 0. Frank- 
lin Centre. 

Winkler, Henry, far., S. li> ; P. 0. Dover. 

AVykoff, P. H., oarpentei", Donnellson. 



DES MOINES TOWNSHIP. 



ADAMS, E. R.,far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 
Allen, Wm. W.. fm-., S. 7; P. 0. Hins- 

dale. 
Alous, F. H., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Montrose. 
Ames, Joel, far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Yineeunes. 
Andei-son, Gus., fi\x.,Seo. 12; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 
Anderson, John, far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 
BAILEY, WILLIAM, far.. Sec. 8; 
P. 0. Yineeunes. 
Best, John, far.. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Yineeunes. 
Bond, tl. N., physician, A^ineennes. 
Bond, S. D., far.. Sec. IG ; P. O. Yin- 
eeui\es. 



Brown. Wm., far., S. 1; P. 0. New Eos 
ton. 

Browutield. B. S., tar., S. 18 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

/^ABLSON, LARS, far.. S. 24; P. 0. 

\_y Keokuk. 

Carr, Isaac, far.,S. 15 ; P. 0. Yineeunes. 

Carr, J. T., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Yincennes. 

Case, A. J. ; far., P. 0. Yincennes. 

Case, Thomas, far. ; P. 0. Yincennes. 

Cheney, 0. W., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Yin- 
cennes. 

(.Vxle, James, far., S. 18 ; 1\ 0. Montrose. 

CKVZK, JOIIX B.. far., S. 24 
P. 0. Hinsdale ; owns 108 acres ; wag 
born in Cumberland Co., Ya., in 1820 • 



r: 



DES IMOINKS TOWNSIlir 



785 



liis paivnts movod to Pike Co., Ohio, in 
18!>2 ; lio Ciuuo to Dos Moines Tp. in 
1850; purchased his pivsont fann in 
185(1, wlicro ho lias sinco resided. He 
married, in 1854, Janet Wyllie, a native 
of Seotland, who caiuo to this country 
■with her parents in 1844; they have 
five children — Andrew L., Robert W., 
John B., Mary J. and Paschal ; their 
first child, James 0., died in infancy. 
Mr. Cruze was elected Justice of the 
Peace in 1854 ; served five years; elect- 
ed again about 18(>(> ; served ibur years ; 
was one term member of the Board of 
Supervisors ; has also served as Town- 
ship Assessor, etc. 
ClIRTIN, GEOm^K D., far.; 
P. (). Hinsdale; Mr. Curtis at present 
has charge of the Hinsdale stock farm ; 
he owns a farm near Montrose, Mon- 
trose Tp. ; was born at Mount Morris, 
N. Y., in 1831 ; his parents removed to 
Michigan in 18H4; they removed to 
Montrose, Leo Co., in 1856. He mar- 
ried, in 1854, Mary F. Woltitt, a native 
of Lincoln City, England ; they have 
six children — Wm. D., Kdmond T., 
Charles H., Mary A., Sai^juel L. and 
George D. ^ 

DANDlllDG, H., far., S. 2:5; P. 0. 
Yinccnnes. 
Danielson, P. J., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Keokuk. 
Devereux, B., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Vin- 

cennes. 
Dupy, L., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Vincennes. 

EEK, CHARLES, far., S. 24 ; P. 0. 
Keokuk. 
KLLIOTT, JOSEPH I.., far., 
S. a ; P. 0. Hinsdale ; owns 300 acres ; 
was born in Preble Co., Ohio, in 1827. 
Married Caroline Wade, a native of 
Ohio. Came to Lee Co. in 1850 ; resided 
in Jackson Tp. till 1 878 ; then bought 
his present farm. Mrs. Elliott died in 
1873. Has one child— Mary H. 

F REMAN, ORAN, far., S. 20 ; P. 0. 
Vincennes. 
Foster, John A., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 
/^ ARRARD, J., merchant, Vincennes. 

4,}AUVERI€H, HF.NR Y, farmer, 
Sec. 17 ; owns 320 acres ; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes ; was born in Dauphin Co., Penn., 
in 1834 ; was a resident of that county 
until 1867, when he came to Lee Co. 



and bought the farm lu; now owns ; he 
enlisted,' in 1864, in the 201st Penn. 
Regt., and served till the close of war; 
lie married, in 18(i!), Janctte Sargent, 
daughter of John and Ursula Sargent, 
and grand-daughter of Mr. Nicliolas 
Sargent ; she was born in 184!), on the 
farm where she now lives, then owned 
by her maternal arand father, Mr. Leon- 
ard Starkweather ; they have four chil- 
dren — ^^Minnie J., born 1870 ; George 
H., born 1872; Nellie J., born 1875, 
and F. E., born 1878. Mr. Garverieh 
was elected a Justice of the I'eace in 
1876, and elected again in 1878. 

Ganley, P., far., Sec. 28; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 

OA V, JAMKS H., attorney, Sec. 8; 
P. 0. Vincennes ; Mr. Gay was born 
in Augusta Co., Va., 1825; he married 
Elizabeth Fridley, a native of Virginia ; 
they came to Lee Co. in 1852; have 
six children — Wm. A., Jennie, Vallie 
B., Clara, Charles and James W.; have 
lost three children — Robert G., was 
killed by lightning, June 1, 1873; the 
others died in infancy. Mr. Gay has 
practiced law for the last twelve years. 

Griffith. W. D., merchant, Vincennes. 

HAISCH, E., far.. Sec. 2; P. 0. Ke- 
okuk. 

Hampton, John, far.. Sec. 2; P. 0. New 
Boston. 

Hancock, D. A. G., far., Sec. 9; P. 0. 
Vincennes. 

Hancock, Isaac, far.. Sec. 15; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 

Hanson, Hans, fixr., S. 25; P. 0. Keokuk. 

Hanson, Louis, far., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Keo- 
kuk. 

Harrington, P., far., Sec. 28; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 

Hellickson, Jerome, far., See. 36 ; P. 0. 
Keokuk. 

Hickman, G. J., fiir.. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. New 
Boston. 

Holt, J. C, far., Sec. 15; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 

Horner, Chas., far.. Sec. 19; P. 0. Vin- 
CGnncs. 

Hubbard, C, far.. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 

JACOBSON, A., far.. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 
Vincennes. 

JOHNSON, AXDREWM., farm- 
er, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Keokuk ; was born 



786 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



in Sweden, in 1839 ; his parents came 
to this country about 1S52 ; they first 
came to Lee Co.; removed to Missouri 
in 1857, and returntfd to Lee Co. in 
1867. Mr. Johnson purchased a part of 
his form the same year ; he now owns 
about 700 acres of land. He married 
in 1867, Carohne Testman, a native of 
Lee Co.; born in 18Jr9. They have five 
children — John W., Andrew E., Clara 
A., Caroline W. and Joseph. Mr. John- 
son is engaged principally in stock-rais- 
ing ; he and wife are members of the 
M^: E. Church. 
Johnson, Swan, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Keokuk. 

LARSON, C. J., far., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 
Keokuk. 
Layton, Geo., lar.. Sec. 21; P.O. Vin- 

cennes. 
Lightner, David, for., See. 8 ; P. 0. 

Hinsdale. 
Liiihtner, J. C. \' H.. fiirs., Sec. 24; 

P. 0. Hinsdale. 
Lind, J., tar., S. 27 ; P. 0. Vincenncs. 
Lind, Swan, tar., S. 27 ; P. 0. Yincennes. 
Linquist, John, far., Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 

Montrose. 
Lund, Louis, far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Keokuk. 

MATHEWS, JOHN, merchant, Vin- 
cenncs. 

MAI.LETT, J. «., DR., farmer, 
Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Hinsdale ; owns ninety 
acres ; he was born in Stratford, Conn., 
in 1785 ; his parents removed to Penn- 
sylvania about 1795, and afterward to 
Ohio ; he came to Iowa in 1837, and 
located at Brighton, Washington Co. ; 
he came to Lee Co. in 1850. Dr. 
Mallett practiced medicine for over 
forty years. His lather was a Revolu- 
tionary soldier ; was with Gen. Wayne 
at the capture of Stony Point. Dr. 
Mallett, though 94 years of age, retains, 
to a remarkable degree, his mental 
faculties, and has a vivid remembrance 
of events that occurred far back in the 
historv of our countrv. 

MEEK, JOHIVSOX, farmer, Sec. 
19; P. 0. Hinsdale; owns 600 acres; 
was born in "West Virginia in 1805; 
his parents removed to Wayne Co. in 
1811, and to St. Joseph Co., Mioh., in 
1829. He married, in 1829, Mary A. 
Kean, a native of Pennsylvania. Came 
to Lee Co. in 1836; has been on his 
present farm for forty-three years. Mrs. 



Meek died in 1844 ; he again married, 
in 1850, Priseilla McBride, a native of 
Ohio ; jMr. Meek had eight children by 
his first marriage, two now living ; 
Araminta, now Mrs. M. Teel, resides" in 
California ; Xantippe, now Mrs. T. A. 
Smith ; has had six children by his 
second marriage, four still living — Jane 
A., now Mrs. Joseph S. Rain ; Otto B., 
Blanche and R. B. 

Metz, S., flir.. Sec. 15; P. 0. Viucennes. 

MOORE, THOMAS, tar., Sec. 9 ; 
P. 0. A^incennes ; born in Washington 
Co., Penn., in 1836 ; his parents, James 
and Eeoecca Moore, came to Lee Co. in 
1849, and purchased the farm now 
owned by Thomas, in 1855 ; Mr. James 
Moore died in 1867 ; his wife died in 
1871. Thomas Moore married, in 1866, 
Jane Mathews, a daughter of Paul and 
Nancy Mathews, who came to Lee Co., 
from Pennsylvania, in 1851 ; 31r. Moore 
has four children — Nancy F., Katie, 
Fred L. and Paul IM. ; he enlisted in 
January, 1862, in 2d Mo. Cav. ; was 
promoted to Second, then to First Lieu- 
tenancy ; the 2d Mo., with other vet- 

^ erans, were transferred to the 13th Mo. 

^Cav. ; after the close of the war, they 
were placed on frontier duty ; dis- 
charged in May, 1866. 

Morton, Robert, far.. See. 23; ' . 0. Vin- 
cennes. 

Mott, Robert E., tar., Sec. 29; P. 0. 
Vincennes. 

XTl^I^^^'*^' ^-^I^' ^"■•' Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 
JJN Keokuk. 

Nelson, C, far.. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Keokuk. 
Nelson, Nelson, far.. Sec. 2; P. 0. Vin- 

NEWBERY, A. B., tar.; Sec. 
5; P. 0. Vincennes; owns 1,600 acres 
of land ; Mr. Newbery was born in 
Orange Co., N. Y., in 1816 ; came to 
Lee Co. about 1838. Married to Eliza 
Duty, a native of Vermont; has two 
children — Orson 0. and Charles M. ; 
Mr. Newbery is extensively engaged in 
stock-raising. 

New^all, Levi, far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Vincennes. 

Newberry, J. W., tar., S. 8 ; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 

Newberry, \Y. W., tar., S. 8 ; P. O. Yin- 
cennes. 

Newberry, W., t-u-.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Viu- 
cennes. 



DES MOINES TOWNSHIP. 



787 



OLESON, CANUTE, far. Sec. 2 ; P. 
0. Keokuk. 
Oleson, Omund, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Keokuk. 
Oleson, Sure, far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Keokuk. 

PARRISH, IRA, far., Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
Vincennes. 

Peterson, John, 1st, far.. Sec. 35; P. O. 
Keokuk. 

Peterson, John, 2d, far.. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. 
Keokuk. 

Pierson. C. A., far., Sec. 24; P. 0. Keo- 
kuk. 

EIDER, HENRY, far., Sec. 16; P. 
0. Vincennes. 

Rambo, Henry, far., Sec. 9; P 0. Vin- 
cennes. 

Robb, L. C, far., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 

Roney, James, far., Sec. 20; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 

Rumbaugh, E., far., Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 
S ANDEAN, JOHN, far.. Sec. 11; P. 
0. New Boston. 

Sargent, John, far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 

SARtt^EXT, NICHOIiAS, farm- 
er, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Vincennes ; owns 
600 acres; born in Essex Co., Mass., 
in 1795 ; he removed to Missouri in 
1837, to Lee Co. in 1837, and located 
on the farm he now owns in 1839. He 
manned, in 1816, Miriam Sawyer, a 
native of New Hampshire, born in 
1797 ; they have had thirteen children, 
eight of whom are living — Christopher, 
born in 1818 ; Sarah (now Mrs. Wyatt), 
1826 ; Lorinda B. (now Mrs. James 
Bell), 1827; Lucy (now Mrs. William 
Ingert), 1829; John A., 1831— mar- 
ried Ursula Starkweather and has five 
children ; Horace C, 1835 — married 
in 1858, Adeline D. Washburne, a 
native of Canada, born in 1833, and 
has had six children, three of whom are 
living — Orson G., born in 1859, and 
Edwin B. and Edwinnie (twins), in 
1861. Horace G. resides on the home- 
stead with his parents ; he has 360 
acres of land in Sees. 34 and 35 ; Or- 
son Gr., born in 1836, married Hannah 
Smith, and has one child — Mamie 
Belle; Stephen, born in 1840, married 
Mary Knowles and has five children. 

Sargent, 0. G-., far., Sec. 3; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 



Sargent, Stephen, far., Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
Vincennes. 

Sparp, Calvin, far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 

Shoup, Isaac, carpenter, S. 7 ; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 

Sigler, Emanuel, far., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 

Simonson, Andrew, far., Sec. 36 ; P. O. 
Keokuk. 

SOUTH, HENRY, farmer, Sec. 16 ; 
P. 0. Vincennes; owns 200 acres; was 
born in Pennsylvania in 1822 ; came to 
Lee Co. in 1856, and first located in 
Marion Tp.; purchased his present farm 
in 1875. He married in 1846 Miss 
Mary Park, a native of Ohio ; they 
have four children — John L. (resides in 
Kansas), Milton M., Nancy J. (now 
Mrs. F. W. Vanderberg), and Leonidas. 
Mr. South was Justice of the Peace in 
Marion Tp. for six years, and has served 
nine years as Notary Public ; he was 
the first general agent for the Mai'sh 
Harvester in Lee Co. ; is still agent for 
these harvesters and other farm ma- 
chinery. 

STARKWEATHER, C}EO. 
A., far.. Sec. 16; P. 0. Vincennes ; 
owns 160 acres; born in Calhoun Co., 
Mich., in 1843 ; his parents, Leonard 
and Emily Starkweather, removed from 
Pennsylvania to Michigan about 1834, 
and came to Lee Co. in 1846 ; they first 
located on the farm now owned by Mr. 
Garverich, and came to the farm now 
owned by George A. in 1859 ; George 
purchased the farm of his father in 
1870. He married in 1864 Emily 
Thompson, a native of Illinois ; they 
have four children — Ida May, George 
A., John and Harriet. 

TESTMAN, P., far., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 
Keokuk. 
Turner, Joseph, far.. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes, 
"TTLLRICH, E. C, far., Sec. 3; P. 0. 
LJ New Boston. 

YANDERBURG, FRED, far.. Sec. 
16; P. 0. Vincennes. 
Vanvleet, W., far.. Sec. 10; P. 0. Vin- 
cennes. 

WAGGONER, C, fixr., Sec. 11 ; P. 
0. Montrose. 
Wallcrist, J. C, far., Sec. 25 ; P. O. Keo- 
kuk. 

7 



788 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



Washburne, H. M., far., Sec. 9; P. 0. j Williams, P., far., S. 29; P. 0. Vincemies. 

Vincennes. Wilson, J. E,., far.. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Keokuk. 

Washburne, F. F., far., Sec. 9; P. 0. | Wylley, A., far., S. 34; P. 0. Vincennes. 

Vincennes. i Wyllie, J. M., telegraph operator, Vin- 

Welsh, M., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Vincennes. ^ cennes. 

Whetstone, J. N., far., Sec. 10; P. 0. i ^y^OUNGMUYER, J., far., Sec. 36; 

Vincennes. JL P. 0. Keokuk. 

Wilkinson, H., far., Sec. 13; P. O. Vin- \ Young, Felix, far., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Keokuk. 

cennes. I 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 



ANDREWS, WILLIAM, farmer, Sec. 
34 ; P. 0. Montrose. 
Andrews, Zachariah, farmer, Sec. 34 ; P. 

0. Montrose. 
Anwater, George, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. 

Viele. 
App]e2;ate, Henry, farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 

Viete. 
Applegate, John, far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Viele. 

BALLINGER, FRANK, farmer, Sec. 
32 ; P. 0. Montrose. 

Barclay, John, farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

Bishop, Solomon, farmer, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

BRATOlf, J. C, farmer. Sec. 21 ; 
P. 0. Montrose ; born in Albany, N. Y., 
Aug. 25, 1838; removed with his par- 
ents to Montgomery Co., N. Y., where 
they remained four years ; then went to 
the city of Geneva, N. Y. ; removed to 
Jackson Co., Mich., and remained about 
ten years, and then came to Lee Co. 
Feb. 20, 1858. Married Miss Sarah 
M. Slingerland Aug. 2, 1860 ; she was 
born in Lee Co., Iowa, Jan. 31, 1844; 
have one child by adoption — William. 
Mr. B. has served as Justice of the 
Peace six years ; owns 421 acres of land ; 
members of Baptist Church; Democrat. 

Braton, L. J., far., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Viele. 

Britton, Albert, far., S. 17; P. 0. Viele. 

Britton, Francis, far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Viele. 

BROWX, J. J., farmer, S. 27; P. O. 
Montrose ; born in St. Lawrence Co., 
N. Y., Aug. 18, 1830 ; moved with his 
parents to Pike Co., 111., in 1838; his 
mother, Nancy B., died there in 1839 ; 
then he and his father went to Han- 
cock, 111., and while there, his father 
died, in 1842 ; Mr. B. remained there 



till 1844, then came to Fort Madison. 
He served five years in Co. F, 1st Regt. 
U. S. A., and was all through the 
Mexican war ; was at the battle of Vera 
Cruz and City of Mexico, and all the 
prominent battles in the Mexican war ; 
remained at Mexico City till the close 
of the war ; in 1848, returned to Vera 
Cruz, and embarked for New Orleans,, 
where they arrived July 20 ; went up 
the Mississippi and established a post , 
returned to Texas, thence to San AntoniO' 
and Austin, where they established a 
post, and remained during the winter ; 
while there, he was promoted 1st Ser- 
geant of the company ; in the spring of 
1849, started for the Rio Grande River, 
and established Fort Duncan ; remained 
until Dec. 24, 1851, when he was 
discharged; remained in Texas until 
1858, then returned to Lee Co. Married 
Miss Ann L. Snively March 6, 1859; 
she was born in Washington Co, Md., 
1837 ; came to Lee Co. in 1850. Mr. 
Brown remained at home till 1861, 
then enlisted in Co. G, 4th Iowa Cav. ^ 
was First Lieutenant of company till 
July, 1862, then returned home. 
Owns 200 acres of land Is a member 
of the Methodist Church. Mr. B. is a 
Democrat. 
BKOWX, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 29 ; 
P. 0. Montrose ; born in St. Lawrence 
Co., N. Y., Oct. 8, 1836 ; went to Mis- 
souri, thence to Pike Co., 111. ; removed 
to Hancock Co. ; came to Lee Co., 1843, 
and has been a resident of the county 
ever since. Married Miss Elizabeth 
Bullard Feb. 26, 1860; born in Jack- 
sonville, 111., Jan. 7, 1833 ; her parents 
came to Lee Co. in 1837 ; Mr. B. has 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 



789 



six children — Mary E., Lucy L., Susan 
S., Nellie, James T., John A. and one 
dead, Josephine. Mrs. B. is member of 
the M. B. Church. Mr. B. owns 400 
acres of land. Democrat. 

Buhner, John, far., Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Viele. 

BUIiliARD, JAMES, farmer. 
Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Fort Madison ; born in 
Morgan Co., 111., May 22, 1825 ; came 
to Des Moines Co., Iowa, in 1834 ; re- 
moved to Lee Co. in 1836, and settled 
where he now lives. Theophilus Bul- 
lard, James BuUard's father, was born 
in North Carolina March 8, 1798, and 
died in 1875 ; his mother was born in 
Wythe Co., Va., 1801, and died in 1848 ; 
they were among the early settlers of 
Lee Co. His father was in the Black 
Hawk war in 1832 ; was one of the first 
Justices of the Peace of the Territory. 
James Bullard married Miss Sarah A. 
Wallace in 1852; born June 1, 1834; 
have two children — Robert R. and 
Eugene. Owns forty acres of land. 
Both members of the Baptist Church ; 
Mr. B. is a Democrat. 

BULiIiARD, JOHX, farmer. Sec. 
14 ; P. 0. Fort Madison ; born in Lee 
Co., Iowa, Aug. 15, 1844. Married 
Miss Mary A. Griffis Feb. 16, 1865 ; born 
in Clay Co., Ind., Aug. 1, 1844; have 
four children — Ruth A., Jas. M., Myrta, 
Harry H., and two dead, Jessie W. and 
May. Mrs. B. is a member of the 
Methodist Church. Mr. B. owns 200 
acres of land. Democrat. 

Bullard, Richard, far., Sec. 14; P. 0. 
Fort Madison. 

Bullard, Wilson, far., Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Burdorf, Frederick, far., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 
Viele. 

Busard, C. H., far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Viele. 

CAMERON HUGH, far., S. 16; P. 
0. Viele. 
Carroll John, far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 
Cole, Emerson, far., Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Mon- 

Cole, Henry W., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 

Cole, Joseph, far., Sec. 29 ; P. O. Mon- 
trose. 

Conlee, Paris, far., Sec. 10; P. 0. Viele. 

Conlee, William, far.. Sec. 15; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 



Cook, L., far., S. 14; P. 0. Ft. Madison. 

Cooper, W., tar., S. 15 ; P 0. Viele. 

COY:SfE, FKANK, far., S. 29 ; P. 
0. Montrose ; born in Greene Co., Mo., 
Nov. 6, 1853 ; came with his parents to 
Lee Co., in 1856, and settled where he 
now lives. Married Miss Eliza Cale in 
1877; born in Indiana in 1854; have 
one child, Mabel F. Mr. C. has held 
the office of Assessor. Democrat. 
Mary E. Coyne ; born in Greene Co., Mo., 
Jan. 20, 1852 ; is now residing with her 
mother at the old home ; is a member of 
the Methodist Church. 

Crossley, C, far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Montrose. 

DAWSON, GEORGE, far., S. 14 ; P. 
0. Ft. Madison. 

Day, Edwin, far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Viele. 

Drollinger, B. R., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Ft. 
Madison. 

DROLI^IIVG^EK, B. W., far., S. 
12 ; P. 0. Ft. Madison ; born in Indi- 
ana Dec. 4, 1830; removed with his 
parents to Missouri ; remained there 
four years ; thence to Illinois ; at 13 
years of age, he started out for himself; 
came to Lee Co. March 20, 1844. Mr. 
Drollinger's father was a Mormon 
preacher; they were at the Mormon 
surrender in Missouri ; then removed to 
Clay Co., Mo.; while there, his father 
died ; then he and his mother moved to 
Quincy, 111.; thence to Nauvoo, and at 
present his mother is with the Mormons 
at Salt Lake City. Mr. D. married 
Miss Susan L. Wilson Dec. 14, 1850 ; 
born in Hancock Co., 111., Jan. 13, 
1834; has seven children — George M., 
B. P., Emma L,, Francis E., Mary A., 
Franklin B., Lettie L., and two dead — 
Rachel R. and Laura C. Mr. D. owns 
575 acres of land, on which he has made 
most of the improvements. Democrat. 

Drolling'^r, Burl, far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Ft. 
Madison. 

Drollinger, William, far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Ft. 
Madison. 

Dunn, Richard, far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Viele. 

EPPERS, H. C, far., Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 
Viele. 
Eppers, Henry, far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Viele. 
Eppers, Julius, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Viele. 

FAETH, ADAM, far., S. 4; P. 0. 
Viele. 
Faeth, George, far., S. 4 ; P. O. Viele. 
Faeth, John, f\ir., S. 3; P. 0. Viele. 



790 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



Foley, John, far.; S. 27 ; P. 0. Montrose. 

aRABER, L., far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 
Viele. 

GliAI^fCY, A. C, COI.., far., S. 
27 ; P. 0. Montrose ; stock-raiser, 
specialty, blooded horses and hogs ; born 
in Clermont Co., Ohio, Aug. 9, 1811 ; 
came to Lee Co. in 1863. Married 
Miss Phoebe H. Fletcher in 1832 ; born 
in Clermont Co., Ohio, June 21, 1815 ; 
have six children — Martha M., Emma 
0., Fletcher, H., Addie A., Elizabeth 
and Mary, and five dead — Albert, By- 
ron, Amanda, Hannah and one died in 
infancy. He owns 516 acres of land. 
Mr. Gr.'s father, Wm.Glancy, was in the 
war of 1812. Col. A. C. Glancy served 
twenty years in a rifle regiment of Ohio ; 
was appointed Adjutant of the regiment, 
promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, then 
elected by the company as Colonel. Mr. 
and Mrs. Gr. are members of the Bap- 
tist Church. Mr. G. is a Republican. 

GOODRICH, J. W., far., Sec. 33; 
P. 0. Montrose; born in New York 
May 20, 1801, where he remained till 
28 years of age ; then engaged ia mer- 
cantile business for sixteen years; also con- 
tractor on the Erie Canal, and con- 
tractor on the Central, and the Illinois 
Central Railroads ; came to Keokuk in 
1855, where he engaged in speculating 
for four years ; removed to where he 
now livesin 1859. Married Elizabeth El- 
ley March 20, 1827 ; born in New York 
July 6, 1802, and died Nov. 9, 1840 ; 
he married again, to Miss Sarah Vau- 
mont in 1843 ; born July 4, 1822 ; 
has one child by former wife — Smith E., 
and two dead — Melville W. and Louisa 
M. ; and by present wife, four — Elliott, 
Mary A., William and Charles, and four 
dead — Edward A., Ward, Emma and 
Alice. Held the ofl&ce of canal collect- 
or in York State two years ; has been 
on the Board of Supervisors of Lee Co. 
six years ; owns 460 acres of land. 
Both members of the Episcopalian 
Church ; Mr. G is a Democrat. 

Graser, Jacob, far., S. 2; P. 0. Viele. 

Griswold, W. Henry, far., S. 20 ; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

ORI^WOIiD, WM. H., ftir.. Sec. 
20; P.O. Montrose; born in Herkimet Co., 
N. Y., April 8, 1804 ; came to Montrose, 
LeeCo. , in 185 1 ,and moved in 1 852,where 



he now lives. Married Miss Sallie 
Onderdonk Oct. 17, 1828; born in 
Rockland Co., N. Y., March 22, 1809 ; 
they returned to York State in 1878, 
where they held the anniversary of 
their golden wedding ; they have eight 
children — William H., Ann M., George 
(attorney at Ottumwa), Almira, 
Charles W., James, Mary and Helen, 
and two deceased — Alfred and Simon. 
Mr. Griswold was elected to the Legis- 
lature in 1856 ; has held the office of 
Justice of the Peace from 1854 to 
1864 ; was Deputy Sheriff one term, 
and was Superintendent of Roads two 
years ; was appointed first Postmaster 
of Lock Bridge, N. Y. ; appointed by 
John Q. Adams. Mr. and Mrs. Gris- 
wold have been members of the Epis- 
copal Church since 1840. Mr. G. owns 
eighty acres of land. Democrat. 
GuUic, Fredrick, far., Sec. 9; P. 0. 
Viele. 

HAFFNER, C, far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 
Viele. 

Hatton, Henry, far.. Sec. 15; P. 0. Fort 
MadisoQ. 

Hewit, Noah, far., Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

HITCHCOCK, WM. H., farmer. 
Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Montrose ; born in 
Monroe Co., Mich., Feb. 22, 1839; 
came to Lee Co. in 1858, and engaged 
in teaching school, most of his time, till 
1861. Married Miss Sarah R. Bishop, 
Oct. 14, 1861; born in Ohio, June 24, 
1841 ; returned to Michigan and re- 
mained four years ; returned to Lee Co. 
and purchased the farm where they now 
live ; owns 60 acres. Members of the 
Presbyterian Church. Has no family ; 
one by adoption. Frank S., and two liv- 
ing with them, Henry Fulton and Clara. 
Mr. Hitchcock is opposed to all secret 
organizations ; Republican. 

Hollander, A. M., far.. Sec. 20; P.O. 
Montrose. 

IXGERNOL., ARTHUR, far., 
Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Franklin Centre ; son of 
James I. and Elizabeth Hill, the former 
a native of New Jersey, the latter of 
Pennsylvania ; both pioneers of Hamil- 
ton Co., Ohio ; when young, were mar- 
ried there ; his mother died in that 
county in 1807, leaving two children — 
John, born in 1805, .still a resident of 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 



791 



that county, and Arthur, born Oct. 28, 
1807, and two weeks of age at his 
mother's death. The father again mar- 
ried, and continued to reside in that 
county until his death, leaving a family 
by his second marriage of nine children. 
At the age of 25, Mr. Ingersol married 
Julia A., daughter of William and Mar- 
garet Skinner, the former a pioneer of 
Lee Co. ; she was born in Hamilton Co., 
Ohio, Nov. 17, 1817, and died Dec. 23, 
1839, leaving two children — John, born 
Oct. 26, 1837, who served in the late 
war, and William, born Dec. 13, 1839, 
who died May 9, 1862, while serving 
his country. He married again, Harriet, 
sister of his first wife, born in Hamilton 
Co., Ohio, September, 1821 ; married in 
Lee Co., but returned to Ohio and re- 
mained until the spring of 1847, when 
they settled where they now reside ; 
their farm consisting of 100 acres of 
land, valued at $35 per acre ; they have 
had eight children five of whom are 
living ; the eldest — Mary E., was born 
Dec. 23, 1842, and died Oct. 28, 1846 ; 
Nathaniel S., born April 14, 1845, died 
March 5, 1848 ; Alice A., born Oct. 23, 
1847 ; Arthur M., born Oct. 11, 1849 ; 
Harriet D., born Jan. 15, 1852 ; Sarah 
L.. born April 5, 1854; David W., 
born Dec. 26, 1858, died Feb. 8, 1859, 
and Sidney W., born May 3, 1863. 
Democrat ; a member of A., F. & A. 
M., No. 44, Columbia Lodge, in which 
he held the offices of Senior Deacon and 
Warden. 

J AGGER. JOHN, far.. Sec. 14; P. 0. 
Ft. Madison. 
Jones, Willis P., far.. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Viele. 
Judy, G. W., far.. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Viele. 

KEARANS, JAMES, far., Sec. 16 ; 
P. 0. Viele. 
KEXT, WM. G., Sec. 1 ; p. 0. Ft. 
Madison; born in Centre Co., Penn., 
Aug. 10, 1837 ; came with his parents 
to Lee Co. in 1842, and settled where 
he now lives; his parents reside in Ft. 
Madison ; they were natives of Penn- 
sylvania. Wm. G. Kent married Miss 
Sarah Shepherd Dec. 24, 1863; she 
was born in Lee Co., Iowa, Jan. 12, 
1843. Mr. K. has been County Super- 
intendent of Schools four years, and 
Secretary of Schools ; also Township 
Clerk, etc.; is a member of Damascus 



Commandery, No. 5, of Keokuk ; also 

member of Claypoole Lodge, 13, of Ft. 

Madison ; owns 200 acres of land ; 

Democrat. 
Korn, George, far., Sec. 18; P. 0. Viele. 
Kudebeh, W- m., far.. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Viele. 

LAMBERT, CHARLES, far., Sec. 
31 ; P. 0. Montrose. 

liAMBERT, AXN E., MRS., 
far.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Montrose ; born in 
Kentucky in 1826. Married, in 1845, 
Robert Lambert, a native of Kentucky ; 
born in 1824 ; they came to Lee Co. in 
the fall of 1854, and settled on present 
farm in 1869 ; Mr. Lambert died Jan. 
26, 1879 ; Mr. Lambert has six chil- 
dren — John A., Charles W., Cyrus D., 
Sarah M., Maggie and Louisa. Charles 
W., at the death of his father, assumed 
charge of the farm. 

LAMBERT, CYRUS D., farmer, 
Sec. 30 ; P. 0. New Boston ; born in 
Kentucky in 1852 ; came to Lee Co. 
with his parents in 1854. Married, in 
1875, Armenia Nicholson, a native of 
Indiana ; has two children — Howard and 
Robert. Mr. Lambert purchased his 
present farm in 1866. 

Lambert, John A., far.. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

Lambert, Robert, far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
Montrose. 

McBRIDE, BARNEY, far., Sec. 21 ; 
P. 0. Montrose. 
McBride, Felix, Sr., far., Sec. 19; P. 0. 

Viele. 
McBride, Felix, Jr., far., Sec. 19 ; P. O. 

Montrose. 
McCarthy, Timothy, far.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 

Montrose. 
McShane, Frank, far.. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. 

Viele. 
Manny, George, far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Viele. 
Milliner, George, far., Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 

Fort Madison. 
Mitchell, Henry, far.. Sec. 20; P. 0. 

Montrose. 
Mitchell, Wm., far.. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Viele. 
Moon, Chas., far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Mon- 
trose. 
Morrison, G. H., far., Sec. 34; P. 0. 

Montrose. 
Mulligan, John, far.. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 

Montrose. 
'BRIEN, THOMAS, far.. Sec. 28 ; 
P. 0. INlontrose. 



O 



792 



DIHECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



ODEIili, FREDERICK, far, 
Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Montrose ; born in West- 
chester Co., N. Y., Dec. 12, 1812; 
went to East Chester, N. Y,, where he 
served an apprenticeship as carriage- 
maker in 1832; went to New York 
City, where he engaged in house-paint- 
ing, and then removed to Rye, N. Y., 
and worked at his former occupation 
until February, 1833, then returned to 
New York City, and engaged in house- 
painting again, and remained till 1837, 
then went to New Rochelle, where he 
engaged in farming ; came to Lee Co. 
in 1842, first settling on the old Bishop 
farm, now the Griswold farm ; re- 
moved to where he now lives, where he 
owns 160 acres of land. Married Miss 
Hannah Kerr May 18, 1833 ; she was 
born in Albany, N. Y., Nov. 2, 1807 ; 
they had one child — Frederick, born in 
New York City, and died in his 9th 
year. Mrs. 0. is a member of the 
Presbyterian Church ; Mr. Odell is a 
member of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, and neutral in politics. 

Ott. Michael, Sr., far., S. 7; P. 0. Viele. 

PETTY, CHARLES A., far.. Sec. 21 ; 
P. O. Montrose. 
PETTY, WIIililAM E., far., S. 
21 ; P. 0. Viele ; born in Worcester 
Co., Md., Dec. 22, 1832 ; removed to 
Clermont Co., Ohio, in 1843; came to Lee 
Co. in 1846, first settling in Montrose 
Tp.; then removed to where he now 
lives. Married Miss Sarah J. Kearn in 
1854 ; she was born in Coles Co., 111., 
April 28, 1836 ; have seven children — 
Charles A., born Jan. 13, 1855 ; James 
H., Oct. 12, 1856 ; John A., Dec. 10, 
1858; Thomas H., Oct. 28, 1860; 
Annie B., Dec. 12, 1863; William E., 
May 21, 1866 ; Mary F., Nov. 4, 1868. 
Mr. Petty owns 120 acres of land. 
Republican. 

QUEISNER, AUGUST, far.. Sec. 9 ; 
P. 0. Viele. 
RAMSEY, B. B., far.. Sec. 21 ; P. 
Montrose. 
REED, EL.9IER, far.. Sec. 28 ; P. 
O. Montrose ; born in Otsego Co., N. 
Y., Feb. 18, 1842 ; came to Lee Co. in 
1842, with his parents, and settled in 
Jefferson Tp.; they were among the 
early settlers of the county. Married 
Miss Kate Hilbourn Dec. 6, 1866, 



she was born in Northumberland Co., 
Penn., Sept. 1, 1845 ; they have two 
children — Annie B., born April 25, 
1873, and Joseph, March 6, 1875 ; and 
two children deceased — Anthis, born 
Aug. 19, 1868, died in 1868; May, 
born in 1870, died in 1870. Mr. Reed 
owns ninety -six acres of land. Enlisted 
in 1861, in the 1st I. V. C, and served 
till the close of the war ; was in the bat- 
tle of Prairie Grove, Mo., and several 
others. 

REED, MADISON, far., Sec. 28; 
P. 0. Montrose; born in Otsego Co., 
N. Y., Jan. 21, 1836; came with his 
parents to Lee Co. in 1842 ; his parents 
were among the early settlers of the 
county, and lived here until their death. 
Mr. Reed married Miss S. Gargass in 
1858 ; born in Hampshire Co., Va., 
Nov. 8, 1838; have six children— El- 
mer, born Sept. 23, 1860 ; William M., 
April 28, 1864; Jessy J., March 21, 
1870 ; Maggie F., Aug. 5, 1872 ; Fi- 
delia, March 21, 1875; Robert, Dec. 
8, 1877, and two dead — David, born 
March 30, 1863, died in 1863 ; Phoebe 
A., born July 2, 1867, died in 1868. 
Mr. Reed owns fifty-six acres of land. 
Democrat. 

REED, MYRICK, far., S. 21 ; p. 

0. Montrose ; born in Otsego Co., N. Y., 
July 22, 1838; came to Lee Co. in 
1844 with his parents. Married Miss 
Eliza Ramsey in 1859 ; she was born in 
Iowa, and died Feb. 3, 1864. Married 
again Miss Margaret Allison March 24, 
1864 ; she was born in Beaver Co., 
Penn., March 8, 1844. Mr. Reed has 
two children by former wife — Edward 
(born Sept. 7, 1861), Ira (born Jan. 25, 
186-), and by present wife six — Rasey 
L. (born Feb. 22, 1865), John M. (Jan. 

1, 1867), Samuel J. (Oct. 2, 1871), 
Charles M. (Nov. 13, 1874), Henry D. 
(Jan. 11, 1876), Clara S. (Aug. 10, 
1878). Mr. R. owns ninety-six acres of 
land. Republican. 

Reid, Charles W., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Viele. 
Reid, George, far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Viele. 
Reid, Julius, far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Viele. 
Riddle, Alexander, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Viele, 
Rudd, John, far.. See. 18; P. O. Viele. 
Rudd, Michael, far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Viele. 

S CHAFFER, CHRISTIAN, far., Sec. 
18; P. 0. Viele. 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 



793 



Schiller, Charles E., far., Sec. 18 ; P. O. 
Viele. 

Schone, Charles A., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Viele. 

Schone, Martin, far., Sec. 25 ; P. O. Viele. 

Schubert, John, far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Viele. 

J^HAY, P., far.. Sec. 22; P. 0. Ft. 
Madison; born in the county of Clare, 
Ireland, Dec. 28, 1818 ; came to Amer- 
ica in 1847, and settled in Quebec, Can- 
ada ; removed to Cleveland, Ohio, where 
he remained six years ; came to Lee Co. 
in 1853, and engaged in farming, rent- 
ing for some time till he made money 
enough to purchase the farm where he 
now lives. Married Miss Mary Waters 
March 15, 1839 ; born in Ireland in 
1822 ; have four children^ — Jane, Ellen, 
Mary and Perry. Mr. Shay owns 230 
acres of land. Members of the Catholic 
Church. Mr. S. is a Democrat. 

Skiner, William, far.. Sec. 6 ; P. O. Viele. 

SKYL.es, benjamin, far, 

Sec. 11; P. 0. Viele; born in West 
Tennessee Aug. 24, 1810 ; went to 
Missouri in 1818 with his parents; then 
to Illinois, where he remained ten years, 
and while there married Miss Hannah 
Peak in 1833 ; she was born in Ken- 
tucky in 1818 ; Mr. S. came to Lee Co. 
in 1838; in 1860, Mrs. S. died. Mar- 
ried again, Miss Elizabeth Canlee in 1 864 ; 
born in England in 1829 ; she moved 
with her parents to York State in 1830; 
to Michigan in 1834 ; thence to Missouri 
in 1836 ; in 1839, came to Lee Co. ;her 
mother is living with her, aged 80 years ; 
was born in England in 1799. Mr. 
Skyler held the office of Justice of the 
Peace. Owns 196 acres of land. Has 
eight children bv former wife — Thomas 
A., F. J., G. W", M. R., Nancy, John, 
Frank B. and Susie. Mr. S. is a Demo- 
crat. 

Stacker, "William, far., Sec. 18; P. 0. 
Viele. 

Steward, Francis, far.. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. 
Ft. Madison. 



TROENER, HENRY, far.. Sec. 12 ; P* 
0. Ft. Madiscn. 
Troener, Theodore, far.. Sec. 12; P.O. 

Ft. Madison. 
yTRFER, CHRISTIAN, far., Sec. 16 ; 
U P. O. Viele. 

YIOX, FREDERICK, far., Sec. 7 ; 
P. 0. Viele. 
Voix, Sebastian,' far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Viele. 

WALLACE, WM., far.. Sec. 12 ; P. 
0. Ft. Madison. 

Warhine, William, far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. 
Viele. 

Wharton, Abraham, far.. Sec. 16 ; P. O. 
Viele. 

Whitcomb, Eugene, far., Sec. 12 ; P. 0. 
Ft. Madison. 

WIJLSON, GEORCi^E, farmer, Sec. 
2 ; P. 0. Ft. Madison ; born in Tennessee. 
June 22, 1809 ; went with his parents 
to Indiana, then removed to Kentucky^, 
thence to Missouri, where they remained 
seven years, then came to Lee Co., in 
1834, and settled where he now lives. 
iVIarried Miss Rebecca Wallace in 1832 ; 
she was born in Tennessee, 1812, and 
died June 13, 1878 ; Mr. W. has five 
children living — Susan (now Mrs. Dall- 
inger), Jane (now Mrs. Buzard), Louisa 
(now Mrs. Mitchell), Greorge, Hannah 
(now Mrs. Hatten), and six deceased — 
James, Mary, John M., others died in 
infancy. Mr. W. owns 439 acres of 
land. Was in the Black Hawk war in 
1832. Is a Democrat. 

WILSON, GEORGE W., born 
in Lee Co., Iowa, Jan. 20, 1852, now 
living at the old homestead. Married 
Miss L. E. Stewart, 1877 ; she was born 
in Lee Co., Iowa, Jan. 30, 1856; ha.s 
two children — Charley and Frank. Is a 
Democrat. P. O. Ft. Madison. 

Wisher, Henry, far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Viele. 

Wolheater, Lorenz, far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Viele. 

Worthington, Thomas, far., Sec. 33 ; P. O. 
Montrose. 



794 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



MARION TOWNSHIP. 



P. 0. 



P. 0. Pilot Grove, 
far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 



far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Clay's 
P. 0. Clay's 



15 ; P. 0. St. 



12 ; P. 0. St. 



ADDINGTON, AMOS T., far., Sec. 
4 ; P. 0. Pilot Grove. 
Addington, W. G., far., Sec. 4 

Pilot Grove. 
Auk, A., far., Sec. 1 

BARTLETT, W., 
Pilot Grove. 
Becker, F., ftir., Sec. 18 ; P. 0. St. Paul. 
Belles, Adam, 

Grove. 
Bell, John, far.. Sec. 30 

Grove. 
Bell, R., far., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Clay's Grove. 
Bentler, W., far., Sec. 18 ; P. 0. St. Paul. 
Bick, John, far.. Sec. 4; P. 0. Pilot Grove. 
Bond, B., far., Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Pilot Grove. 
Bond, W. M., far., Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Pilot 

Grove. 
Brimhurst, H., far.. Sec. 

Paul. 
Brockman, J. B., far.. Sec. 

Paul. 
Brockman, M.. far., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. St. 

Paul. 
Buckhold, J. U., far., Sec. 33; P. 0. 

Clay's Grove. 
Burnett, John, shoemaker. Pilot Grove. 

C^iALDWELL, A. B., far., Sec. 20 ; P. 
J 0. Clay's Grove. 

Caldwell, B. E., far., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Clay's 
Grove. 

CAI.DWE1.I., JOHX, far and 
stock-grower ; Sec. 30 ; P. O. Clay's 
Grove ; son of Jobn Caldwell, Sr., who 
was born in Washington Co., Penn., on 
the first day of our present century, and 
raised a blacksmith, a trade handed down 
to him by his father. At the age of 26, 
he married Margaret McCord, who was 
born in Washington Co., Penn., in 1808 ; 
in 1850, they came to Lee Co., where 
he built a shop and worked at his trade 
near Clay's Grove until his death, which 
occurred in 1875, leaving a widow and 
nine children ; John was born in Wash- 
ington Co., Penn., March 15, 1834; 
consequently, was 16 years of age on 
coming to this county ; soon after which, 
he began working at the carpenter 
trade Sept. 24, 1862. He married 
Melinda L., daughter of Edward Court- 
right, who was born in Franklin Co., 
Ohio, March 9, 1811, the sixth son of 



Richard Courtright and Sarah Ricketts ; 
her mother was Mary Powell, born in 
Franklin Co., Ohio, Dec. 5, 1810, and 
married March 2, 1832 ; they came to 
Lee Co., in 1853, settling near Clay's 
Grove, where her mother died, Sept. 11, 
1863 ; her father died, Sept. 27, 1877 ; 
Mrs. Caldwell was born in Franklin Co., 
Ohio, October, 1840 ; the spring follow- 
ing their marriage, they removed to their 
present place of residence, where they 
own 187 acres of land, valued at $50 
per acre ; they have six children — Clyde 
L., born Jan. 24, 186^; Mary J.. 
born April 13, 1865 ; Carrie M., born 
July 5. 1867 ; Sarah J., born March 10, 
1870 ; Edward J., born Aug. 24, 1872. 
and Johnson E., born Sept. 18, 1876. 
Democrat; members of M.E. Church; 
has held the office of Township Trustee 
and various school offices. 

Caldwell, Joseph, far., S. 20; P. 0. Clay's 
Grove. 

Cammack, Marion, far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Pilot 
Grove. 

Clark, Lebius, Sr.,far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Clay's 
Grove. 

Clawson, Charles, far., Sec. 16; P. 0. 
Pilot Grove. 

CliAWSOX, C. I.., farmer and 
stock-dealer. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Pilot Grove ; 
is a son of Mahlon Clawson, who was 
born in Guilford Co., N. C, 1802, and, 
when 10 years of age, taken by his 
mother (his father having died) to 
Wayne Co., Ind. ; and, Jan. 1, 1829, 
he married Mar/ A. Brown, who was 
born in Tazewell Co., Tenn., May, 1812 ; 
they settled in that county, where he 
became an extensive farmer and stock- 
grower and was largely engaged in pork- 
packing ; meeting with reverses of fort- 
une in 1854, he came to Lee Co.. 
where they still reside ; had ten children, 
five still living; C. L., the youngest, 
born in Wayne Co., Ind., May 10, 
1852; was 2 years of age when his 
parents came to Lee Co., where he 
received an education at the common 
schools. Aug. 29, 1878, he married 
Miss Ida B., daughter of John Huff, a 
resident of Cedar Tp.; and an early set- 
tler of Lee Co., from Indiana; she was 



MARION TOWNSHIP. 



795 



boru in Cedar Tp., this county, in 1860; 

soon after their marriage, they settled 

where they now reside, and own 160 

acres of land, valued at $45 per acre. 

Republican. 
Clawson, Joseph, far., Sec. 4; P. 0. Pilot 

Grove. 
Clawson, Mahlon, far.. Sec. 4 ; P. O. Pilot 

Grrove. 
Crampton, Samuel, far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 

Pilot Grove. 

DAVIS, ALFRED, farmer, Sec. 5; 
P. O. Pilot Grove. 

DAY, J. N., M. D., Pilot Grove; 
a son of Jacob Day, a native of Pike 
Co., Miss. ; at 12 years of age, moved 
to Washington Co.,' Ind., where he 
married Mary Payne, a native of that 
State ; had three children ; J. N., the 
second, born in Washington Co., Ind., 
Oct. 26, 1850, and when 2 years of 
age, was brought by his parents to 
Jefferson Co., Iowa; they settled on 
Round Prairie, in that county, until 
1858, the family returned to Indiana, 
where they remained until 1869, when 
they again returned to Jefferson Co., 
where they now reside. In 1871, Mr. 
Day commenced the study of medicine 
with P. N. Woods, of Fairfield, Iowa, 
taking a three-years course, including 
two courses of lectures at Keokuk, and 
graduated at the Medical College at 
Cincinnati, Ohio, May 7, 1874. He 
married Miss C. G. Balding, daughter 
of Wm. Balding, of Fairfield ; she was 
born in Van Buren Co., Iowa, June 4, 
1851 ; they settled at Pilot Grove, 
where he had previously established a 
practice, which has steadily increased, 
until now he has an extensive ride. 
They have two children — Ettie L., born 
March 28. 1875, and Archie L., born 
April 14, 1878. He is Democratic in 
politics. Member of the M. E. Church. 
He is a member of A., F. & A. M. 
West Point Lodge, No. 75. 

Delashmuth, H. H., far.. Sec. 4; P. 0. 
Pilot Grove. 

Denny, Frank, far., Sec. 11 ; P. O. Pilot 
Grove. 

Denuing, Gerhard, fiir.. Sec. 11 ; P, 0. St. 
Paul. 

Denny, John, far.. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Pilot 
G rove. 

Denny, James, far., S. 7 ; P. O. Pilot Grove. 



Denny, Joseph, far., Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Pilot 

Grove. 
Dickens, Isaac, far.,. Sec. 19; P. 0. Clay's 

Grove. 
Dingman, Herman, far., Sec. 19; P. 0. 

Clay's Grove. 
Dingman, Theodore, far.. Sec. 25 ; P. O. 

St. Paul. 
Dodd, John, far., Sec. 33; P. 0. Clay'.'* 

Grove. 

EMMERSON MICHAEL, far., Sec. 
20 ; P. 0. Clay's Grove. 
Esmeier, August, far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. St. 
Paul. 

IpENHAUS, CHRISTOPHER, far., 
1 Sec. 22 ; P. 0. St. Paul. 
Fenteiger, Frank, far., S. 1 ; P. O. St. Paul. 
Fenteiger, Otto, far., Sec. 14 ; P. 0. St. 
Paul. 

FERGIISOX, ROBERT A., 

P. 0. Pilot Grove ; was born in Blount 
Co., East Tennessee, July 23, 1833 ; 
his parents on both sides of the house 
were of Scotch descent; he graduated 
from Ewing and Jefferson College in 
1861 ; was ordained to the ministry in 
Cumberland Presbyterian Church in 
1862. During the war, he rendered 
what aid he could to the Union cause, 
together with other loyal East Tennes- 
seans ; he was arrested several times by 
the rebels ; escaped any long imprison- 
ments. In 1864, he came to Henderson 
Co., 111., and took charge of the South 
Henderson congregation of the Cum- 
berland Presbyterian Church. In 1866, 
he married Miss Helen A. Baldwin, of 
Abingdon, 111., born at Ft. Edward, N. 
Y., Oct. 19, 1839; in 1867, he moved to 
Cedar Co., Iowa, and took charge of the 
C. P. Church at Pedee ; after five years, 
moved to Pilot Grove, Lee Co.; for 
seven years, he has been Pastor of the 
C. P. Churches of Donnellson and Con- 
cord, in Cedar Tp., and Pleasant Ridge 
in Pleasant Ridge Tp.; have two chil- 
dren — Robert Donnell, aged 10, and 
Delia AHce, aged 6. 

Foulke, Edward, far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Salem. 

Fraizer, Addison, far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Pilot 
Grove. 

Fraizer, Jonathan, far.. Sec. 6 : P. 0. Salem. 

Frese, John, far.. Sec. 36 : P. 0. West 
Point. 

Freker, Gerhard, far., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. St. 
Paul. 



796 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY : 



Funekehernn, Stephen, far., Sec. 35 ; P. 

0. St. Paul 
Fuker, Joseph, far., Sec. 22 ; P. 0. St. 

Paul. 
Fergeson, A. R., Pastor C. P. Church, 

Pilot Grove. 

GARRETSON, ALBERT H., far., 
Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Pilot Grove. 
Griffith, George, far.. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 

Clay's Grove. 
Griffith, Jacob, Sr., far., Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 

St. Paul. 
Griffin, Joseph, far.. Sec. 10 ; P. 0." Pilot 
Grove. 

HAMPTON, ELWOOD, far.. Sec. 7 ; 
P. 0. Pilot Grove. 

Hampton, Henderson, far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 
Pilot Grove. 

Hampton, M. J., far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Pilot 
Grove. 

Hannen, S., far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Pilot Grove. 

Hannen, William, far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Pilot 
Grove. 

Harrison, Wesley, far., Sec. 34; P. 0. 
Pilot Grove. 

HARVEY, ISOM, far., Sec. 14; 
P. 0. St. Paul ; was born in Randolph 
Co., N. C, March 9, 1806, and when 1 
year of age, was taken by his parents 
(who were members of the Friends' 
Church), to Wayne Co., Ind. ; they first 
settled near Richmond, but afterward 
removed farther into the wilderness, set- 
tling near the center ot the county, 
where, by the aid of an industrious 
family, consisting of a wife and six sons 
and three daughters, his father became 
one of the most extensive farmers of 
the State, owning at one time thirteen 
and one-quarter sections of land, beside 
700 in another body, enabling him to 
provide each of his children with a 
large farm. Nov. 4, 1830, Isom 
Harvey married Elizabeth E., daughter 
of Elijah Fisher, who was born in Indi- 
ana, 1807 ; they settled near Richmond, 
Ind., where, in 1834, his wife died, 
leaving two children — John L., born 
Aug. 10, 1831, now a farmer of Pleas- 
ant Ridge Tp., and Elijah R., June 17, 
1833, a merchant of his native city, 
Richmond ; Sept, 17, 1839, he married 
Mary A., daughter of James Jones, a 
farmer near Baltimore, Md., where 
she was born Sept. 7, 1819. At the 
age of 13, came with her parents to 



Indiana, they settling near Richmond, 
where she was married. After being en- 
gaged in the grocery trade for several 
years at Centerville, the county seat of 
his native county, in 1843, Mr. Harvey 
removed to Lee Co., crossing the Mis- 
sissippi the 22d of Oct., of that year ; 
they first settled in Green Bay Tp., 
where his father had purchased a claim 
of a Mr. Small ; six years previous they 
occupied a cabin erected by Small with 
the aid of twelve Indians and two white 
men ; remained there for five and a-half 
years, and then removed to his present 
place of residence, consisting of 139 
acres of land, valued at $50 per acre; he 
also owns a house and lot at Pilot 
Grove, valued at $500. They have had 
twelve children, six sons and six daugh- 
ters — James A., born May 6, 1841 ; he 
enlisted in Co. I, 30th I. V. I., Aug. 
15, 1862; participated at Vicksburg, 
Helena, Arkansas Post (where he was 
color-bearer) ; at both sieges of Jackson, 
the forced march to Chattanooga, and 
at Resaca, where he fought for three 
days, standing upon one foot, and taken 
thence to the hospital at Chattanooga, 
where he died June 27, 1864; Chris- 
tenie J., born January, 1847 ; she mar- 
ried Henry Pickard, and died October, 
1878; Jerusha A., Jan. 25, 1849 (the 
wife of J. W. Pretker, of Fort Madison) ; 
Willard C, Sept. 14, 1850, drowned 
at Portland, Oregon, July 11, 1877; 
Jemima E., April 8, 1853 fthe wife of 
James F. Wilson, of Henry Co.) ; 
Daniel, Jan. 14, 1855, now principal of 
schools at Portland, Oregon; Henry S., 
June 19, 1858, and Nathan B., Dec. 17, 
1859, now attending school at Fort 
Madison; Republican. Mrs. H. and 
two daughters are members of the Bap- 
tist Church. 
HELLMAN, BENNET H., far ; 
P. 0. and residence St. Paul ; son of G. 
H. Hellman, who was born in Hanover, 
Germany, in 1811, and the spring of 
1835, emigrated to America, arriving at 
Fort Madison, Lee Co., the spring of 
1836 ; coming over in the same ship 
was Mary A. Kalker, -born in Hanover, 
Germany, in 1806, to whom, by the 
time they reached Fort Madison, he waa 
engaged in marriage, and there being 
no proper officer nearer, they were 



MARION TOWNSHIP. 



797 



obliged to go to Quincy, 111., in order to 
secure the services of one ; returning, 
they settled in Marion Tp. ; had nine 
children, six sons and three daughters — 
Harmon H., born July 15, 1837, is sup- 
posed to be the first child born in the 
township, now a resident of Sec. 19, 
this township, and May, 1859, he mar- 
ried Elizabeth, daughter of Barney and 
Gertrude Grothouse ; she was born in 
Prussia, 1837, and with her parents 
emigrated to America and Lee Co., 
when 11 years of age. In 1868, they 
settled where they now reside, and own 
eighty acres of land, valued at $45 per 
acre. They have eight children — Gar- 
ret H., born March 6, 1859 ; Annie M., 
Feb. 9, 1861 ; Joseph, May 2, 1863 ; 
Louisa, Jan. 10, 1866 ; Carolina, April 
29, 1868 ; Mary, July 15, 1871 ; John 
A., Nov. 21, 1873, died Oct. 21, 1876, 
and Bernard G., May 26, 1876. The 
second born to Mr. and Mrs. Hell- 
man, Sr., was the subject of this 
sketch, who was born March 31, 1838, 
and after receiving an education at the 
American and German schools of his 
native county, at the age 21 went to St. 
Louis, where, at the breaking out of the 
war, he joined the Western Division of 
the United States Telegraph Corps, op- 
erating in Missouri and Arkansas. 
June, 1864, found him at Atchison, 
Kan., from which, with five yoke of 
oxen, he made the journey to San Fran- 
cisco, Cal., walking the entire distance, 
where he engaged with the Stage Co., 
and worked his way back to Denver, 
Colo., there engaged to the B. 0. Des. 
Co., driving from Denver to Cheyenne 
Wells ; this he continued for two years, 
then he worked as baggage-master for 
A. W. Buyer, of Ellsworth, Kan., taking 
freight to Santa Fe, New Mexico ; aft- 
erward he worked for the Southern 
United States Mail Co., in which serv- 
ice, he visited New Mexico, Iron Springs, 
Colo., and most of the important cities 
of Mexico and Colorado, and in 1871, 
he returned to Lee Co. Democratic in 
politics. The family are members of 
the Catholic Church. 

Helman, G. W., far.. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Pilot 
Grove. 

Helman, Joseph, far., Sec. 24; P. 0. St. 
Paul. 



Helm, Merideth, far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 

West Point. 
Hendricks, Wm. H., far., Sec. 35 ; P. O, 

West Point. 
Henry, Robert, far., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Clay 

Grove. 
Helway, Henry, far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. St. 

Paul. 
Hill, Jonathan, far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. PUot 

Grove. 
Hill, N. 0., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Pilot Grove. 
Hoggath, I. M., mail-carrier. Pilot Grove. 
Holcomb, Aaron, far., Sec. 2; P.O. Pilot 

Grove. 
Holland, G. W., Postmaster, Pilot Grove. 
Holtkamp, Barny, far.. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. St. 

Paul. 
Holtkamp, John, far., Sec. 25 ; P. O. St, 

Paul. 
Hussey, Charles, far., Sec. 17; P. 0. St. 

Paul. 
Hussey, Christopher, far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 

St. Paul. 
Hutcheson, G. W., far.; P. 0. Pilot Grove. 
Hutchtons, Henry, far., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. St. 

Paul. 
Hutchtons, Otto, far.. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. St. 

Paul. 
Huxley, Fred, far., Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Pilot 

Grove. 
Huxley, H., far.. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Pilot 

Grove. 

JACKMAN, BENSON, far.. Sec. 3; 
P. 0. Pilot Grove. 
J ACKM All^f , CATHARINE, 
retired. Sec. 3, P. O. Pilot Grove ; was 
born in Washington Co., Penn., Dec. 
15, 1804 ; she was the second daughter 
of Henry and Katy Holman, nee Ship- 
ler, natives of Pennsylvania ; her father 
was educated in Philadelphia, was 18 
years of age at the breaking-out of the 
war of our independence, and served 
through the war. December, 1822, 
Catharine married Nathan Jackman, 
who was born in Washington Co., 
Penn., in 1795, a ship-carpenter by 
trade; they settled on the Mononga- 
hela River, where he followed his trade 
until 1843, when they became early set- 
tlers of Lee Co., and settled where she 
now resides, and owns 40 acres of land, 
valued at $45 per acre. They had 
eleven children — Benson, Clark, Addi- 
son, Nathan, William, John, Henrietta, 
Melissa, Van Buren, Joseph and Rob- 



798 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



ert. Mr. Jackman died Feb. 6, 1873, 
having been a member of long standing 
iu the M. E. Church ; Mrs. Jackman is 
also a member of that church. 

Jackman, John, far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Pilot 

' Grove. 

Jacobsmeier, William, far.. Sec. 15; P.O. 
St. Paul. 

JARRETT, ElilAS, farmer., Sec. 
3G ; P. 0. West Point ; born in Lin- 
coln Co., N. C, Sept. 24, 1799; he is 
the youngest son of John Jarrett, vfho 
was born in Pennsylvania, in 1759, and 
afterward became a resident of Cabarrus 
Co., N. C, where he married Elizabeth, 
daughter of Frederick Fisher; she was 
born in Cabarrus Co., N. C, September, 
1770 ; his father died in Lincoln Co., 
N. C, Jan. 29, 1829 ; his mother June 
14, 1841. leaving a family of eight 
children, of whom Mr. Jarrett and a 
brother Absalom, a resident of Morgan 
Co., Ind., are the only me;iibers left. 
At the age of 20, Mr. Jarrett learned 
the tanner's trade, which he followed to 
a greater or less extent until comine to 
Lee Co. On the 8th of March, 1827, 
he married Fanny, daughter of Samuel 
and Fanny Lantz, nee Hildebrandt; 
she was born in Lincoln Co., N. C, 
Oct. 11, 1807. In the fall of 1849, 
they emigrated to Lee Co., direct to 
where he now resides, and owns 309 
acres of land, valued at $50 per 
acre. Had thirteen children, eleven 
now living — Harriet C, born Sept. 30, 
1827, the wife of Geo. Sample, of this 
county; Sally E., born May 30, 1829 
(she married Philip Ehart, deceased, a 
resident of Fort Madis.on); John E., 
born Aug. 27, 1830 ; Caroline, born 
Oct. 16, 1832, died Oct. 28, 1857; 
Mira Mary A., born July 27, 1834, the 
wife of Amos Logan, of Pleasant j 
Hidge; Fanny L., born Aug. 16, 1836, 
wife of C. Martin, of West Point; 
Phihp F., born Feb. 28, 1838 (married 
Rachel A., daughter of Edward Court- 
right, of Marion Tp. (deceased) ; she 
was born in Franklin Co., Ohio, Dec. 
18, 1841 ; they reside near his father's, 
where he owns a fine farm ; they have 
but one child, Mary A., born July 10, 
1873); Margaret J., born Feb. 5, 1840, 
the wife of Jacob McCracken, of this 
township ; Eve Susannah, born Jan. 3, 



1842, wife of James Boyle, of Worth 
Co., Mo.; Frances E., born Oct. 15, 

1843, died May 31, 1852; Isabel, born 
Sept. 5, 1845, wife of James Stul, of 
Page Co.. Iowa ; Virginia C, born Oct. 
21, 1847, wife of John Courtright, of 
Franklin Tp., and Barbara Iowa, born 
March 6, 1850. Democratic. Mrs. 
J., and several of her children, are 
members of the Presbyterian Church ; 
some of them are Methodists. 

JARRETT, JOH]V E.,_ iar. and 
bee culturist ; P. 0. West Point ; boru 
in Catawba Co., N. C, Aug. 27, 1830, 
and in 1849, with his parents, removed 
to Lee Co., and June 4, 1865, he mar- 
ried Amy E., daughter of Wesly Har- 
rison, of this township ; she was born 
in Dearborn Co., Ind., in November, 
1841, and soon after settled where he 
now resides; owns 100 acres of land, 
valued at $50 per acre ; he also owns 
160 acres in Hancock Co., Iowa, val- 
ued at $55 per acre. Democrat; mem- 
bers of the Presbyterian Church ; held 
the office of Assessor for two years, and 
has held Various school offices. 

Jarrett, P. F., far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Jennings, Hiram, far., Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 
Pilot Grove. 

JOHNSOJf, S. W., far.. Sec. 30; 
P. 0. Clay's Grove ; his father, Larkec 
Johnson, was born on the Rappahan- 
nock River, Virginia, in 1798 ; his 
parents removed to Kentucky, near 
Lexington, when he was 5 or 6 years 
of age, afterward to Brown Co., Ohio, 
where he enlisted and served in the latter 
part of the war of 1812, under Gen. 
Harrison. He married Mary Harvell, 
a native of North Carolina, but at that 
time a resident of Brown Co., Ohio; 
had eight children — six sons and two 
daughters, of whom four sons and one 
daughter are living ; S. W. was the 
fourth son and seventh child born in Logan 
Co., Ohio, Aug. 14, 1828, and in April, 
1837, his parents became pioneers of 
Henry Co., Iowa, settling in Jackson 
Tp., with (if our informer's memory 
serves her right) but one house built 
then in West Point, and that occupied 
by a Mr. Stump, more familiarly known 
at that time as "Stump on the prairie." 
The election was held at his father's 



MARION TOWNSHIP. 



799 



house for several years ; his father died 
in October, 1851 ; his mother in 1859 ; 
but two of the family are now residing 
in Henry Co. George had limited 
means for an education, his nearest 
school being three miles distant. The 
9th of January, 1851, he married 
Amanda, daughter of Charles Hall 
and Rachel Mooney, natives of Ohio, 
also early settlers of Henry Co. ; she 
was born at South Bend, Ind.,- March 
15, 1830; in 1853, they removed to 
Keokuk, where they remained seven 
years, then removed to his present place 
of residence, where he owns eighty-nine 
acres of land, valued at $50 per acre. 
A Jeffersonian Republican. Mr. John- 
son has been an attentive member of 
the M. E. Church since 14 years of 
age, in which he has held the office of 
Class- Leader, Steward and Superintend- 
ent of Sabbath schools. Mrs. John- 
son has been a member of the same 
church for nearly as many years. 

KARHOFF, JOSEPH, tailor, St. 
Paul. 

Karphage, Gerhard, far.. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 
St Paul. 

Karphage, Henry, far.. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Pi- 
lot Grove. 

KEMPKER, C^ARRET H., 
farmer and dealer in drugs, groceries. 
Sec. 23, St. Paul; son of John H. 
Kempker, who was born in Hanover, 
Germany, 1797 ; raised a farmer, and 
in 1830, married -Mary Nichting, also a 
native of Hanover, born 1801, and died 
in 1832, leaving one child, Mary A., 
now the wife of Joseph Haymeier, of 
West Point; in 1833, he married Mary 
A. Hillman, born in Hanover, Germany, 
1804, and the fall of 1835, emigrated 
to America, stopping at Cleveland, 0., 
where she died, leaving one child. Gar- 
ret H., who was born in Hanover, Ger- 
many, June, 1834, and with him the 
father proceeded to what is now Lee 
Co.; arriving the spring of 1836, and 
with Barny Sand, settled on Sec. 23, 
Marion Tp.; the spring of 1837, he 
married Mary A. Sand, who was born 
in Hanover, Germany, 1792 ; came to 
America with her brother above men- 
tioned ; she died 1848, leaving no chil- 
dren. The father died March 20, 1872, 
having found a home with his son, G. 



H., since the death of his last wife ; in 
May, 1857, Mr. Garret H. Kempker 
married Gertrude, daughter of Herman 
and Mary A. Menke, natives of Germany 
who emigrated to America and Lee Co. in 
1854, they settled in Pleasant Ridge 
Tp., where her father died in 1861, her 
mother being at present a resident of 
West Point. They settled where he 
now resides, and owns 120 acres of land, 
valued at $40 per acre ; they have four 
children — Henry, born April, 1861 ; 
Herman, March 9, 1865 ; John, May 
8, 1868, and Christina, July 17, 1875. 
Democrat 'in politics ; has held the office 
of Justice of the Peace, and Township 
Trustee ; member of the Catholic 
Church. 

Kersting, Henry, far., Sec. — ; P. 0. Pi- 
lot Grove. 

Koforth, Henry, far.. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. St. 
Paul. . 

Koforth, Theodore, far.. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. 
St. Paul. 

Kritenbrink, Henry, far., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
Pilot Grove. 

Kruse, Henry, far.. Sec. 17; P. 0. St- 
Paul. 

LAMPE, GERHARD, Sr., far.. Sec. 
14; P. 0. St. Paul. 
Lampe, Gerhard, Jr., far., Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 

Pilot Grove. 
Lampe, Henry D., far.. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 

St. Paul. 
Lereling, Barney, far.. Sec. 14; P. 0. St. 

Paul. 
Lereling, Steppan, blacksmith, St. Paul. 
Lusk, Harvey J., far.. Sec. 29; P. 0. 

Clay's Grove. 

McCRAKEN, JACOB, far.. Sec. 32; 
P. 0. Clay's Grove. 
McCRACKEX, JOHN, farmer. 
Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Clay's Grove ; was born 
in Delaware, Oct. 1, 1801 ; soon after 
his birth, his parents removed to Ken- 
tucky, near Louisville, where they re- 
mained for four years ; thence to Frank- 
lin Co., Ohio, and settled ten miles east 
of Columbus, being among the first set- 
tles of that part of Ohio ; he remained 
with his father until 23 years of age, 
when he married Elizabeth Perrin, who 
was born in Pennsylvania, 1799 ; she 
died in FrankUn Co., Ohio, in 1837, 
leaving three children — Susan, now 
the wife of Wesley Harrison, of this 



800 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY : 



township ; Nancy A., the wife of Ed- 
win Gill, of Cedar Tp., and Jacob E., 
who occupies a portion of the home 
farm; August, 1837, he married Eliza- 
beth Collins, who was born in Virginia 
April, 1819, and in 1850, they came to 
Lee Co., and settled where he now 
resides and owns 102 acres of land, val- 
ued at 150 per acre ; Democrat. Mr. 
McCrackin, and both his wives, were 
members of the M. E. Church, in which 
he has been Class- Leader for twenty-five 
years. 

MeCord, C. C.,far., Sec. 18; P. 0. Clay's 
Grove. 

McClure, J. W., far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Pilot 
Grove. 

McMillen, Elisha, capitalist, Pilot Grove. 

McMIIiliAX, liEWIS, farmer, 
Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Pilot Grove ; a son of 
George McMillan, who was born in Lan- 
caster Co., Penn., in 1796, and married 
Elizabeth Brunter, born in Pennsyl- 
vania in 1803 ; they first settled in 
Tippecanoe Co., Ind., but, in 1838, 
were among the pioneers to Lee Co., 
and settled one-half mile west of what 
is now Franklin ; his father is still a 
a resident of this county, in the 84th 
year of his age; had nineteen children; 
Lewis was the fourth born and third 
son ; born in Lancaster Co., Penn., 
in November, 1831 ; was in the 
7th year of his age on coming to Lee 
Co.; cultivating his father's farm, he 
continued a bachelor until 40 years of 
age, and, Jan. 27, 1871, he married 
Fanny J., daughter of John and Bar- 
bara Hoover, natives of North Carolina, 
and came to Lee Co. about 1859 ; she 
was born in North Carolina in 1841. 
Soon after their marriage, he purchased 
the farm on which they now reside, con- 
sisting of 160 acres of land, valued at 
$40 per acre. They have three chil- 
dren — James C, born Feb. 17, 1873; 
Nora M., in March, 1875 ; Ella, in 
January, 1878. Kepublican. 

McVicker, M., far., Sec. 33; P. 0. Clay's 
Grove. 

Mackey, John, far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Clay's 
Grove. 

Maddock, Henry, far., Section 7 ; P. 0. 
Salem. 

Maddock, Wilham P., far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 
Salem. 



Martin, John, far., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Clay's 
Grove. 

Martin, Phillip, far.. Sec. 32 ; P. O. Clay's 
Grove. 

Marshall, I. E., far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Pilot 
Grove. 

Mathiasmeier, Conrad, far.. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 
St. Paul. 

Mathiasmeier. Ferd, far.. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 
St. Paul. 

Menke, Duke, far.. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Pilot 
Grove. 

Menke, Henry, far., Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Pilot 
Grove. 

Menkens, John, far.. Sec. 13; P. 0. St. 
Paul. 

Meierotto, Caspar, far., S. 16 ; P.O. Pilot 
Grove. 

Meierotto, Christopher, far., S. 26; P. 0. 
St. Paul. 

Meierotto, John, far., S. 16; P. 0. Pilot 
Grove. 

Mertens, Christian, far., S. 19 ; P. 0. St. 
Paul. 

Mertens, Conrad, far., Sec. 19; P. 0. St. 
Paul. 

Miller, E. A., far., Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Pilot 
Grove. 

Miller, J. W., far., Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Pilot 
Grove. 

Millson, Oliver, far., Sec. 2 i P. 0. Pilot 
Grove. 

Moeller, Barney, far., Sec. 16; P. 0. St. 
Paul. 

Moeller, Wilhelm, tailor St. Paul. 

Mueller, Bernhard, far.. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 
St. Paul. 

XT^WBY, MATTHEW, far., Sec. 19 ; 

l.\ P. 0. Clay Grove. 

IVEAIi, ElfOS H., far.. Sec. 6 ;_ P. 
0. Pilot Grove; born in North Berwick, 
Me., July 1,1815 ; his father was a black- 
smith by trade ; he was early apprenticed 
to that trade, which he followed for 
thirty-five years; at the age of 21, he 
removed to Beaver Co., Penn., where, in 
1842, he married Eleanor Cook, who was 
born in Ohio, near Richmond, in 1815, 
to which place her parents. Ellis and 
Elizabeth Cook, nee Carter, in the early 
times of that State, had carried their 
household stores on horse-back many 
miles through the wilderness ; her moth- 
er died when she was but 4 years of 
age, and she was raised by an aunt in 
Beaver Co., Penn.; they remained in 



MARION TOWNSHIP. 



801 



that county until 1854, when they came 
to Lee Co. and settled upon the farna he 
now owns, consisting of 160 acres, 
valued at $45 per acre. March, 1854 
(soon after coming to this county), his 
wife died, leaving four children, one son 
and three daughters. He then married 
Melinda, daughter of Jacob Hampton 
and widow of Mahlon Townsman ; she 
was born in Richmond, Ind., in 1823; 
they have four children, one son and 
three daughters. Mr. N., in his younger 
days, was a Whig and an Abolitionist, 
then a Republican, but finally voted the 
Greenback ticket ; himself, his first and 
present wife were raised in the Friends' 
Church. 

OSTDIEK, JOHN, far.. Sec. 23 ; P. 
0. St. Paul. 
OVERTON, ELI AS, farmer, stock- 
grower and dealer, Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Clay's 
Grove ; son of Asa Overton, who was 
born in Hartford Co., N. C, 1771, and 
married Kitty Thomas, born in Hart- 
ford Co., N. C, in 1775, during 1811, 
they removed to Randolph Co., of the 
same State; and, spring of 1837, were 
among the first settlers of this part of 
Lee Co., where they both died the fol- 
lowing year, the mother the 1st, the 
father the 29th of May, leaving a family 
of seven children — six sons and one 
daughter — of whom but two brothers are 
now living, Mr. Overton being the only 
member of the family left in Lee Co. ; 
he was born in Hartford Co., N. C, Jan. 
12, 1807 ; raised in Randolph Co., 
where (his parents being in destitute 
circumstances and there were no free 
schools), he grew up with a^ limited 
education, and worked as a common 
laborer from place to place ; he reached 
his 26th year, when he married Miss 
Nancy York, who was born in Randolph 
Co., N. C, in 1811, and within thirty 
days they emigrated Westward, first 
settling in St. Clair Co., 111., where he 
purchased a little farm of forty acres, 
and engaged in farming on his own ac- 
count ; in 1836, he crossed the Missis- 
sippi, and settled on what afterward was 
Section 36, Marion Tp., where he put 
up a rail pen in which they lived until 
a cabin could be erected ; in September, 
1840, his wife died, leaving three chil- 
dren—Alfred N., born July 13, 1834 ; 



he enlisted in 40th I. V. I., in 1862, 
and died at Columbus, Ky., March 11, 
1863 ; Eliza J., born in September, 
1836, and Lucinda R.. born Feb. 17, 
1840. In September, 1841, he married 
Eliza Bunner, who was born in Virginia 
March 17,1815; they have five chil- 
dren — Mary E., born in October, 1843, 
the wife of C. C McCord, of this town- 
ship ; Arey L., born in May, 184-, the 
wife of Daniel Powell, of Cedar Tp. ; 
John T., born March 31, 1848, at home ; 
Marion T., born Aug. 10, J850, a 
farmer of this township; and Sarah A., 
born Sept. 21, 1853, the wife of John 
Powell, of Harrison Tp. In 1854, Mr. 
Overton removed to his present place of 
residence, where he now owns 1,140 
acres of land, valued at $40 per acre. 
Members of long standing in the M. E. 
Church ; his first wife having been a 
member of the same Church in which 
he holds the oflSce of Trustee ; he has 
held the oflBce of Township Trustee and 
County Supervisor for eleven years, and 
has held various school offices. 

Overton, John, far.. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Clay's 
Grove. 

Overton, M. T., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Clay's 
Grcve. 

PICKARD, JAMES, retired farmer ; 
res. Pilot Grove. 

Pickard, Henry, retired farmer ; res. Pilot 
Grove. 

Polhans, Conrad, S. 17 ; P. 0. St. Paul. 

Polhans, Ferdinand, S. 17 ; P. 0. St. Paul. 

Polhans, Henry, S. 17 ; P. 0. St. Paul. 

Powell, A. J., far., Sec. 35 ; P. O. West 
Point. 

Powell, G. L., far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Clay's 
Grove. 

POWELL, GEO. W., farmer and 
stock-raiser. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Clay's 
Grove ; son of Archibald Powell, who 
was born in Loudoun Co., Va., Decem- 
ber, 1784, and soon after reaching his 
21st year, he removed to Bedford Co., 
Penn., where he married Miss Elizabeth 
Adams, who was horn in Bedford Co., 
Penn., June 23, 1792 ; they afterward 
settled in Franklin Co., Ohio, where 
they died and left a family of six chil- 
dren — four sons and two daughters ; 
George was the fourth ; born in Bed- 
ford Co., Penn., Jan. 25, 1815, and at 
the age of 23, he married Nancy 



802 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY; 



daughter of Elihu and Mary McCrack- 
en, of that county, Ohio, from the State 
■of Delaware ; she was born in Franklin 
Co., Ohio, March 22, 1818 ; in 1865, 
they removed to Lee Co., and settled 
where they now reside and own 993 
acres of land, valued at $50 per acre ; 
had eleven children, ten now living — 
Clarissa A. (born Dec. 14, 1838, the 
wife of W. A. Geese, Cedar Tp.), 
Martha S. (^Oct. 21, 1840, wife of Ma- 
thias Newby, of Marion Tp.), Joseph 
T. (Sept. 29, 1842), David M. (Sept. 
17,'1'844), Aurelia (Nov. 18, 1846, the 
wife of M. P. Mathews, of Van Buren 
Tp.), John W. (Feb. 22, 1848), William 
L. (Jan. 14, 1851), (leorge T. (June 8, 
1853), Nancy 0. (Nov. 9, 1855 ; died 
Oct. 6, 1857), Oliver L. (Nov. 17, 
1857) and Laura A. (July 2, 1860). 
A Jackson Democrat, conservative and 
conciliatory, however, rather than rad- 
ical in his views and feelings. Mr. and 
Mrs. Powell have passed thirty-seven 
years of their lives as members of the 
M. E. Church, to which he has devoted 
much time and attention, having acted 
as Leader and Steward both in Ohio and 
Iowa, and has been Superintendent of 
the Sabbath schools for twenty-five 
years ; to educational matters, as well, 
Mr. Powell has given a share of his time 
and attention, his children all having 
received a liberal education ; all now 
married except the two youngest and 
all settled in Lee Co. ; although not 
very far advanced in age, Mr. and Mrs. 
Powell have twenty-four grand children. 

Pomberg, Henry, farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. 
St. Paul. 

Powell, Joseph T., farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Dover. 

Protsman, L W., farmer. Sec. 33; P. 0. 
Clay's Grrove. 

Pyle, John, farmer. Sec. 15; P. 0. Pilot 
Grrove. 

REID, THOMPSON, far., S. 31; P.O. 
Clay's Grove. 
R£ID, MATTHEW T., farmer, 
Sec. 31; P. 0. Clay's Grove; son of 
James Reid, who was born in Abbeville 
District, S. C, 1783 ; his father Hugh 
(Matthew's grandfather), was one of 
the Marion Men, and fought at the bat- 
tle of King's Mountains during the 
American Revolution. He married 



Annie, daughter of Mathew Thompson 
(also one of Marion's Men), a native of 
New Jersey ; she was born in South 
Carolina, 1792; in 1810, emigrated to 
the Territory of Indiana, among the 
first settlers, and lived in constant fear 
of the Indians ; his wife died in 1832 ; 
he again married, and, in 1845, became 
a resident of Clay's Grove, this county ; 
his second wife died, and he died Feb. 
16, 1868, having married again, left a 
wife and three children ; had by his first 
wife eight children — five sons and three 
daughters; Mathew T.- was the second 
son ; born in Union Co. Ind., Dec. 7, 
1815; Oct. 9, 1839, married Emily, 
daughter of Ephraim Dunton, a native 
of Cumberland Co., N. J., who married 
Anna Dubois ; they were early settlers 
of Indiana ; had four children ; Mrs. 
Reid was the third, born on Delaware 
Bay, Oct. 9, 1815, and, in 1845, came 
to Lee County and settled where they 
now live and own 145 acres, valued at 
$50 per acre ; they have had ten chil- 
dren, three now living — Elizabeth T., 
born Oct. 12, 1848 ; Thomas Emmitt, 
born Nov. 5, 1851, and James L., born 
Jan. 26, 1861. Mr. R. is a Repub 
lican. Mrs. R. is a member of the Chris- 
tian Church. 

Rippenkroeger, S., shoemaker, St. Paul. 

Roberts, Jesse, far., Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Pilot 
Grove. 

Roeth, Leonard. Jr., far., S. 34 ;"P. 0. West 
Point. 

Roeth, Leonard, Sr., far., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
West Point. , . 

Rotrige, Anton, merchant, St. Paul. 

Russell, Charles, far.. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. St. 
Paul. 

QAMPLE, GEORGE, far.. Sec. 27 ; P. 

iO 0. West Point. 

SAMPIiE, GEORG^E W., lar.. 

Sec. 26 ; P. 0. West Point ; born in 
Morgan Co., 111., April 3, 1822, and, in 
1842, with his parents came to Lee Co., 
settling in this township. Sept. 24, 1849. 
He married Harriet C. Jarrett, who was 
born Sept. 30, 1827, in Catawba Co., N. 
C; soon after their marriage they settled 
on the farm they now occupy, consisting 
of 208 acres of land, valued at $50 per 
acre ; he also owns 160 acres in Decatur 
Co., valued at $10 per acre. They have 
six children — John E., Phillip, Sarah, 



MARION TOWNSHIP. 



803 



Margaret, McClellan and Mary, Demo- 
crat. Member of the Presbyterian 
Church . 

Sample, John E., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. VTesc 
Point. 

SAMPLE, JOHN T., far., S. 6; 
P. 0. West Point ; second son of Wm.' 
Sample, who was born in Kentucky in 
1792, and in the 21st year of his age, 
enlisted at the breaking-out of the war 
of 1812, in which he served three years 
and three months under officers White- 
sides and Armstrong, and soon after 
its close, married Sarah Cole, who was 
born near the line between Indiana and 
Ohio, in 1802 ; they first settled near 
Jacksonville, 111., and in 1836, were 
among the pioneers of Lee Co., and 
erected their cabin on Sec. 36, Marion 
Tp., where he entered 420 acres ; his 
son John T. still retains 112 acres of 
the original farm, now valued at $40 
per acre ; the father lived to the ripe old 
age of 81 years, and died the 27th of 
September, 1873; the mother, the 9th 
of October, 1875, leaving a family of 
four sons and one dauaihter ; all but one 
settled in Iowa ; the fifth was John T., 
born in Morgan Co., 111., the 17th of 
April, 1830; he was 6 years of age 
when he came to this county ; and with 
of an education such as was afforded at 
the log-schools of his day. On the 
23d December, 1869, he married Miss 
Annie M., daughter of Francis J. 
and Barbara Bunn, natives of Ger- 
many, and emigrated to America in 
1850; they settled at Fort Madison, 
where his father died in 1853, and his 
mother in 1855 ; Mrs. Sample was born 
in Germany the 21st of May, 1848 ; 
have five children — John A., born Octo- 
ber, 1870; Nellie, 10th of February, 
1872 ; Charles, 8th of September, 1873 ; 
Eliza J., January, 1876; and Annie, 
8th of November, 1877. Democratic; 
Mrs. Sample is a member of the Bap- 
tist Church. 

Sanders, Gerhard, far., Sec. 7 ; P. O. St. 
Paul. 

Sand, Henry, far.. Sec. 22; P. 0. St. 
Paul. 

Schinstock, Henry, far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 
St. Paul. 

Schiernieier, Joseph, far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 
St. Paul. 



Schrierer, Martin, far., Sec. 11 ; P. 0. 
Pilot Grove. 

Schroeder, Herman, retired, St. Paul. 

Schroeder, John, merchant and Postmaster, 
St. Paul. 

Schroeder, Joseph, farmer and wagon- 
maker, Sec. 23 ; P. 0. St. Paul. 

Schutte, Henry, far.. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Pilot 
Grove. 

Seamans, Heaman, far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 
Pilot Grove. 

Soppe, H. H., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. St. Paul, 

Spexarth, William, far.. Sec. 16; P. 0. 
Pilot Grove. 

Spiekmeier, Joseph, far.. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
St. Paul. 

Sporkman, Christ, far.. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. St. 
Paul. 

StefFensmeier, Stephen, far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 
0. St. Paul. 

STEWART, JOHN, farmer and 
stock-dealer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Pilot Grove ; 
the parents of John, James and Mary, 
were natives of Scotland, but early in 
life emigrated to Belfast, Ireland ; thence 
in 1813, to America, and settled in 
Guernsey Co., Ohio, where they were 
among the first settlers, it being two 
years before they had a neighhor 
nearer than seven miles : his father died 
in that county January, 1860 ; his 
mother then came to Lee Co., where 
she found a home with her son, and 
died March, 1863 ; seven children had 
been born to Mr. and Mrs. S., four 
sons and three children, the subject of 
this sketch being the only son now liv- 
ing; he came to Iowa in the fall of 
1843, then in his 21st year; went to 
Van Buren Co., whence, in June, 1844, 
he married Mary, daughter of Robert 
and Ellen Steel, who were early settlers 
of Lee C I., but afterwai-d removed to 
Jefierson Co.; she was born in Harrison 
Co., Ohio, Oct. 1, 1822; in 1848, they 
settled near Pilot Grove, where he held 
the post ofiice for five years, and in 
1856, to where he now resides ; owns 
265 acres of land, valued at $50 per 
acre; he also owns 419 acres in Henry 
Co., valued at $20 per acre. They 
have had nine children, seven now liv- 
ing — Mary E., born February, 1847, 
wife of J. W. Griffith, of Atlanta, 
Neb.; Rezilla, Dec. 29, 1848, wife of 
Oliver Holcomb, of Nebraska; Jane, 

8 



804 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNT! 



Nov. 11, 1850, married Wm. L. Miller, 
also of Nebraska, and died April 4, 
1876 ; James, Dee. 13, 1852, a farmer 
of Henry Co.; Annie M., Dec. 15, 
1854, the wife of Thos. Vincent, of 
Madison Co., Iowa ; Robert S., born April 
16, 1857; William, Nov. 1, 1858; 
Masgie, Dec. 21, 1860, and John, Dec. 
2, f862, died Dec. 27, 1862. Demo- 
crat ; Mrs. S. is a member of the Bap- 
tist Church. He has held various 
township and school offices. 

Taylor, William, far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Salem. 

Thomas, Louis, far., Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Salem. 

Thornburg, Herilah, far., Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 
Pilot Grove. 

TTTMTUM, HENRY, farmer. Sec. 24 ; 
U P. 0. St. Paul. 

YENJOHAN, ARNOLD, far.. Sec. 
4 ; P. 0. St. Paul. 

VORWAI^DT, HEXRY A., 

attorney at law and Notary Public, St. 
Paul ; son of August Vorwaldt, who was 
born in Munster, Prussia, in 1809 ; a 
saddler by trade. He married Margaretha 
Trelling, who was born in Vormaln, 
Prussia, in 1820 ; the mother died in 
1847, the father in 1871, leaving a fam- 
ily of four children — Henry A., the 
eldest, born in Munster, Prussia, in Feb- 
ruary, 1830 ; after receiving a liberal 
education, in 1850, emigrated to Amer- 
ica, first stopping at Scranton, Penn., 
where he was time-keeper for the Union 
Coal Co.; afterward engaged as clerk in 
a leather-factory, at Millford, Penn., 
where he remained two years, and in 
1854, under Gen. J. C.Fremont, he visited 
Nebraska, Kansas and Dakota Territo- 
ries, on a surveying expedition, in which 
he was engaged until 1858 ; thence to 
Cincinnati, Ohio, where he engaged in 
teaching, and, in the spring of 1860, to 
Lee Co., and to what is now St. Paul, 
where he was instrumental in establish- 
ing a post office, and had the honor of 
giving the place its name ; he kept the 
post office for four and one-half years, 
when he took up his present profession. 
In February, 1860, he married Mary E. 
Hoalsher, who was born in Hanover, 
Germany, in April, 1832, and emigrated 
to America in 1852 ; they have two 
children, the eldest, August F.,born the 
21st of February, 1867 "and Margaretha 
D., in November, 1869. Democratic in 



politics, and members of the Catholic 
Church. 

TT7ARD, MYRON, far., Sec. 10 ; P. 
VV 0. Pilot Grove. 

WEIKMAXI^f, FRANC 
JOSEPH, Pastor of the Assump- 
tion Church at St. Paul ; born at 
Schwabesh, Germany, Jan. 31, 1823 ; 
at the age of 10, after receiving a com- 
mon-school education in his native city, 
he began the higher studies preparatory 
for the priesthood ; completed his studies 
and was ordained Sept. 4, 1848 ; he 
served as Pastor of his own diocese for 
twenty years, and as Assistant Priest 
for four years and as Independent Priest 
in various places until, in 1868, at the 
earnest solicitation of his brother John 
Baptist, a priest at New Vienna, Iowa, 
he emigrated to America, accepting the 
pastorship of the church at New Wash- 
ington, at that time consisting of forty 
families, but, during fifteen months of 
his administration, increased to eighty- 
four ; then to Keokuk, Pastor of St. 
Mary's Church, where he built the 
parish house for that church, and-, in the 
fall of 1872, he came to St. Paul, where 
he has since presided over the church, 
having a membership of 627. 

Weisbrook, Louis, far., Sec. 15 ; P. 0. 
Pilot Grove. 

Wenzel, Joseph, merchant. Pilot Grove. 

Werner, Joseph, blacksmith, St. Paul. 

WILCOXSOl^, BERRY, retired 
farmer; res. Mt. Pleasant, Henry Co. ; 
born in Franklin Co., Ky., February, 
1804, and, when 4 years of age, was 
taken by his parents to North Carolina, 
but, on account of slavery existing in 
that country, removed to the Territory 
of Indiana, settling near the falls of the 
Ohio, in what afterward was Washing- 
ton Co., where they endured all priva- 
tions attending pioneer life ; the father, 
in 1832, died, the mother about 1834, 
leaving a family of nine children — five 
sons and four daughters — all born in 
Kentucky, except one ; Berry remained 
with his father and improved a large 
tract of land, until his 25th year, when 
he married Sarah W. Cassell, who was 
born in Fayette Co., Ky., six miles 
from Lexington, March 15, 1808, and, 
when a child, was taken by her parents 
to that part of Indiana. Mr. W. re- 



PLEASANT RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 



805 



Tuained in Indiana, working at the mill- 
wright and cabinet trades, until the 
spring of 1843, then came to Lee Co. 
and settled on the farm which he owned 
and occupied until the present spring, 
consisting of 181 acres. They have had 
nine children, eight now living — Louisa 
(born Sept. 7, 1829, the wife of George 
McGreer, of Van Buren Co.), Annie 
(born Sept. 27, 1831, wife of Levi Cam- 
mack, of Henry Co.), Mariette (born 
April 2, 1834, wife of Cyrus Dilbe, of 
Henry Co.), Margaret E. (born Sept. 
25, 1837, the wife of William L. Wood- 
row, an undertaker of San Jose, Cal.), 
Hiram C. (born March 1, 1839, died 



Oct. 29, 1861), Jane (born July 25, 
1842, wife of Joseph King, of Davis 
Co.), EH Sala (born Jan. 20, 1844, 
resident of Osborn Co., Kan.), William 
H. (born Dec. 6, 1846, a saddler at Mt. 
Pleasant), and John A. (born March 
15, 1849). Mrs. W. was formerly 
a member of the C P. Church, but, 
with her husband, now is a member of 
the U. B. Church ; Mr. W. has held 
various school and township offices. 

Wilcoxen J. A., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Clay's 
Grove. 

Williamson, J. A., merchant and Post- 
master, Clay's Grove. 

Woolf, W. C, far.. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Salem, 



PLEASANT RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 



ALLEN, A. P., far.,'Sec. 23 ; P. 0. 
Denmark. 

Anderson, Salvadore, far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 
West Point. 

Arnold, Daniel, far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 
BAKER, E. R., far.. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. 
Denmark. 

Balm, T. J. 

Barnes, William C, far.. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
Denmark. 

BARR, ROBERT, far.. Sec. 19; 
P. 0. West Point ; a son of William 
Barr, who was born in Carlisle, Penn., 
in 1772, and, after attaining manhood's 
estate, was engaged in transporting 
goods in the grocery line by teams pur- 
chased in Baltimore, and selling in 
Pittsburgh, a business he continued un- 
til his death ; he married Elizabeth, 
daughter of John Bael ; she wsa born 
in Westmoreland Co., Penn., in 1773 ; 
had three sons and four daughters ; 
Robert was the second son, and fourth 
child, born in Westmoreland Co., Penn., 
in 1808 ; when 6 years of age, his father 
died, and at the age of 16, he went to 
learn the tanner's trade, which he fol- 
lowed until leaving his native county ; 
came to Zanesville, Ohio, where he en- 
gaged in selling goods, and various 
other occupations, until 24 years of age, 
when he returned to his native county 
where he united in marriage with 



.Nancy, daughter of William and Martha 
Braden, nee Smith ; she was born in 
Westmoreland Co., Penn., in 1814; her 
father was born in County Tyrone, Ire- 
land, in 1784, and, at the age of 21, 
emigrated to America, finding a home in 
Westmoreland Co., Penn., where he be- 
came an extensive stock-dealer. In 1810, 
he married Martha, daughter of George 
Smith, a native of Ireland; she was 
born in Westmoreland Co., Penn., in 
1787 ; her father died there in 1825, 
her mother in 1834, leaving a family of 
six sons and one daughter. Soon after 
their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Barr re- 
moved to Clarion Co., Penn., where he 
he engaged in farming until 1847, when 
they emigrated to Iowa, settling first in 
Des Moines Co., and passed the first 
winter ; in the spring of 1848, removed 
to West Point, and in 1849, to his pres- 
ent residence, where he owns 160 acres 
of land, valued at $45 per acre ; have 
had eight children, six of whom are 
living — William W., born May 11, 
1833 ; he enlisted in the 1st I. V. C, 
in 1862, and died at St. Louis, Sept. 14, 
1863; Elizabeth, born Feb. 11, 1835, 
the widow of Thomas James, of Rhode 
Island ; had one daughter, Mattie 
James; Benjamin F., born June 3, 
1837, who enlisted in the same regiment 
as his brother, and died at Memphis, 
Sept. 30, 1863 ; he married Miss P. 



806 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



Johnson, daughter, of Seth Johnson ; 
left one daughter, Ola R. ; Martha J., 
June 15, 1839, died March U, 1855 ; 
Mary L., April 15, 1841, a successful 
teacher ; George W., Aug. 29, 1843 (he 
enlisted in 1st I. V. C. in August, 1861, 
serving four years, and participated at 
Little Rock, Prairie Grove and other 
places, now residing at Salt Lake City) ; 
Margaret, Oct. 20, 1845, a resident of 
Fort Madison; Nancy R., Sept. 21, 
1847; Robert J., July 10, 1851. Re- 
publican ; members of long standing in 
the Episcopal Church. He held office 
of Justice of the Peace, Township 
Clerk and School Treasurer. 

Baumgers, Henry, far., Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 
West Point. 

BERRY, G^EORttE, flu-.. Sec. 8; 
P. 0. West Point ; the fourth son of 
John and Jenny Berry, natives of Bath 
Co., Va., where he was born Jan. 16, 
1805 ; at 12 years of age, having lost 
both his parents, he made his home 
with his elder brothers and sisters, 
until 18 Jyears of age, and having ac- 
quired a good comtcon-schoon educa- 
tion with a few terms at a select 
school, he engaged in teaching ; this 
he engaged in for seven years, when, 
his health having failed, he trav- 
eled. Nov. 18, 1834, he married Isabel, 
daughter of James and Elizabeth Given, 
nee Graham ; she was born in Nicholas 
Co., Va., Jan. 8, 1816; in the fall of 
1836, they removed to Peoriti, 111., and 
in the spring of 1837 became pioneers 
of Lee Co., Iowa ; poor in purse, he 
rented what was then the Edson farm, 
and, at the land-sales of 1838, pur- 
chased his present property, consisting 
of 165 acres of land, now valued at $40 
per acre. In 1846, Mr. Berry was a 
Delegate to the Convention for the pur- 
pose of reframing the Constitution made 
that year ; in 1849, he was made Deputy 
United States Surveyor, and the same 
year, had ten townships assigned him 
west of Dubuque for surveying, and 
held the office of County Surveyor for 
fifteen years ; he was one of three mem- 
bers who organized the townships into 
school districts. Mr. and Mrs. Berry 
have had ten children, seven of whom arc 
living — EUzabeth J., born Feb. 5, 1836, 
died'Sept. 22, 1840; Christopher A., 



June 6, 1838, an attorney at law at 
Casey, Iowa ; Rachel L., June 13, 1840, 
the wife of Thomas Anderson, a farmer 
of Harrison Tp. ; James G., Nov. 4, 
1842, an attorney at law at Casey, Iowa; 
Rebecca J., Jan. 5, 1845, died Aug. 21, 
1871 ; Arthur G., Oct. 6, 1847,' died 
Jan. 17, 1851 ; Thomas G., June 25, 
1850, at home, managing the aflEairs of 
the ftirm; Mary E., May 17, 1852, a 
teacher at Fort Madison; Maggie J., 
Feb. 16, 1857, and Charles E., March 
13, 1859. Democratic ; Mr. and Mrs. 
Berry have, for nearly fifty years, been 
members of the M. E. Church, in which 
he holds the offices of Steward and Class- 
Leader. 

BILLMANN, JOHN, far.. Sec. 19 ; 
P. 0. West Point; the third son of 
Geo. Billman, who was born in Alsace, 
France, in 1814 ; at the age of 20, 
with his parents, emigrated to America, 
settling in Wayne Co., Ohio, in June, 
1841. He married Barbara H. Enber, 
who was born in Alsace, France, in 
1821, having emigrated to America the 
year of her marriage; they settled in 
Wayne Co. until the spring of 1846, 
when they emigrated to Iowa, Cedar 
Co., settling near Pedee ; in 1855, they 
removed to Lee Co., West Point, where 
the father died in 1862, leaving a wife and 
four children, three sons and one daugh- 
ter ; John, the youngest son, was born in 
Cedar Co., Dec. 27. 1846, consequently 
in his 8th year on coming to Lee Co.; 
immediately after attaining his 18th 
year, he served an apprentiee.«!hip at the 
harness trade, which he followed for 
seven years. Nov. 12, 1868, he mar- 
ried Elizabeth, daughter of Casper and 
Margaret Felt, nee Abel, natives of 
Germany, and early settlers of West 
Point Tp.; she was born in West Point 
Tp. in 1850; in 1872, they settled 
where they now reside, and own 123 
acres of land, valued at 045 per acre ; 
they have four children — George H., 
born March 14,1870; Wm. C.^^ April 
26, 1872 ; Matilda E., November, 1876; 
Allison, Nov. 23, 1878. Democratic in 
politics; members of the Presbyterian 
Church. Has held the office of Town- 
ship Trustee. 

Binford, Benaijah, far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
West Point. 



PLEASANT RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 



SOT 



Blunt, Emil, far., Sec. 14; P. O. Den- 
mark. 

Blunt, Xavier, far.. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 

Boediug, Henry, far., Sec. 33; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Boughton, George, farmer, Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 
West Point. 

Bos, Newton J., far.. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Lowell. 

Brewer, F. H., farmer, See. 23 ; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 

Brock, William, farmer, Sec. 10. 

Browu, Moses, farmer, Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 

BURTO:Sf, A. H., farmer, Sec. 25; 
P. 0. Denmark ; son of Asa Burton, 
whose history appears with that of C. 
H. B. ; was born at Glover, Vt., June 
6, 1827 ; had limited advantages of ed- 
ucation ; at the age of 19, with his par- 
ents and the fiimily, moved to Lee Co. ; 
arrived June 1-1, 1846 ; settled where 
he now resides, and owns 150 acres of 
land, valued at §40 per acre. Novem- 
ber, 1854, he married Carrie L., daughter 
of Rev. Edmond Engalls, of Alleghany 
Co., N. Y., who, in 1851, became a resi- 
dent of Denmark, where he soon after 
died, leaving a wife and three children. 
The mother died in December, 1868 ; 
of the children, Mrs. Burton was the 
younaest ; born at Arcade, Wyoming 
Co., N. Y., July 25, 1829; they have 
three children, the eldest, Edmond I., 
born Jan. 25, 1858; Asa H, Aug. 9, 
1861 ; Eugene H., Aug. 1, 1863 ;"Re- 
publican ; Mrs. Burton is a member of 
the Congregationalist Church, at Den- 
mark. 

BURTON, ALONZO, far., Sec. 25 ; 
P. O. Denmark ; son of Henry Burton, 
who was born in Connecticut ; at the 
time of the Revolutionary war, was 16 
years of age ; enlisted and served through 
the war. When 30 years of age, he 
married Ann Hazen, who was born in 
Connecticut, and was the youngest of 
sixteen children ; had nine children — 
five sons and four daughters ; Alouzo, 
the youngest, was born in Norwich, Vt., 
in 1809 ; at the age of 26, he came to 
Lee Co., and settled where he now 
resides, and owns 110 acres of land, 
valued at 850 per acre. May 18, 1846, 
at his native town, he married Miss 
Eliza A., daughter of Harry Lyman ; she 



was born in Vermont in August, 1826 ; 
with his wife, he returned to Lee Co., 
where she died in August of the same 
year. In the spring of 1850, joining the 
great emigration at that time, he took the 
overland route for California, stopping, 
for a time, in Oregon and Washington 
Territories; he arrived at Shasta the 
following winter ; he remained there, 
mining and lumbering, for six years, 
then, via Panama and New York, re- 
turned to Lee Co., and, on the 24th of 
December, 1857, he married Miss Cyn- 
thia, daughter of Asahel Case, formerly 
of Connecticut ; moved to Ohio, and to 
Lee Co. in 1856 ; she was born in Ash- 
tabula Co., Ohio, in 1820; they have 
two children — Anna L., born in No- 
vember, 1860, and Alonzo F., born in 
February, 1863. Liberal in politics, 
and has held various township and 
school offices. 
BITRTOi\, C. H.,'far., Sec. 25; P. 
0. Denmark ; son of Asa Burton, who 
was born at Norwich, Vt., in 1797, and, 
soon after becoming of age, removed to 
Sandy Hill, Washington Co., N. Y., 
where he married Minerva, daughter of 
Titus Beech, who was born at Sandy 
Hill in 1804; after their marriage, 
they removed to Glover, Orleans Co., 
Vt.; had twelve children — six sons and 
six daughters; the eldest, C. H. Bur- 
ton, was born 6th of October. 1822 ; at 
the age of 18, having received a good 
common-school education, he com- 
menced teaching school, and continued, 
during the winter-season, for twenty-two 
years ; the summer months were de- 
voted to the farm. In the fall of 
1845, he married Cornelia C, daughter 
of Smith Burton, a distant relative ; 
she was born at Norwich, Vt., Sept. 18, 
1824 ; after marriage, they settled in 
his native town of Glover, where he 
engaged as school-teacher and farmer 
until 1851, when they removed to Lee 
Co., and settled on the 200-acre tract of 
land which he now owns, and valued at 
130 per acre ; they have had eight 
children — Andrew C., born at Glover, 
Vt., June 3, 1847, a farmer at Lewis, 
Cass Co., Iowa; Laura A., born at 
Norwich, Vt., April 2, 1850, and died 
in Lee Co., Sept. 16, 1870 ; Ellen L., 
born in Lee Co., March 30, 1855, wife 



808 



DIRECTORY OP LEE COUNTY; 



of Walter Little, of Denmark village ; 
Annette, born in Pleasant Ridge Tp. 
Jan. 5, 1858, and died Sept. 16, 1858 ; 
Charles E., born in Pleasant Ridge 
Sept. 9, 1860 ; William S., born July 
12, 1862 ; Tracy, born March 17, 1865 ; 
Clara, born June 15, 1868 ; the last 
four are at home, and assist in the man- 
agement of the farm. Mr. Burton is 
Republican in politics, and has been 
Town Clerk eighteen years in succes- 
sion, and Secretary of the School Board 
for twenty years. 
BURTON, E. G., farmer, Sec. 25 ; 
P. 0. Denmark ; was born in Orleans 
Co., Vt., 1835 ; there he lived until 11 
years of age, then, with his parents, he 
came to Lee Co. and received his educa- 
tion, mostly at the common schools. 
May 18 ,1861, he married Miss Mary J., 
daughter of Nicholas Wren, of Quiney, 
Adams Co., 111., where she was born in 
1841 ; soon after their marriage they 
settled where they now reside ; the farm 
consisting of 100 acres of well-improved 
land, on which Mr. Burton has erected 
buildings costing upward of $7,000, 
and which he now values at $55 per 
acre; they have two children — Edith, 
born March, 1862; Arthur, October, 
1866. Republican in politics; Mr. B. is a 
member of the Congregationalist Church 
and Mrs. B. of the Christian. He 
holds the office of Township Trustee, 

CANADAY, OLIVER, farmer, Sec. 
5 ; P. 0. Lowell. 
CANADAY, RACHEIi, far.. Sec. 
5; P. 0. Lowell; daughter of Andrew 
and Lydia Sutherland, natives of Ten- 
nessee; she was born in Jefferson Co., 
Tenn., Feb. 8, 1798; her father died 
when she was but three weeks of age, 
her mother only outliving him three 
weeks, leaving her to be cared for by her 
grandparents, Amos and Phoebe Will- 
iams ; by them she was raised, and when 
17 years of age, removed to Wayne Co., 
Ind., where, at the age of 23, she mar- 
ried Wm. Canaday, who was born in Jef- 
ferson Co., Tenn, 1799; her grand- 
mother Williams died in Indiana at the 
age of 78 ; her grandfather lived to the 
extreme old age of 103 years ; in 1839, 
Mr. and Mrs. Canaday became pioneers 
of Lee Co., settling where she now re- 
sides, the farm containing 160 acres of 



land, valued at $35 per acre ; Feb. 15, . 
1877, Mr. Canaday died, leaving a family 
of five children, all born in Indiana — 
Lena C, was born Nov. 22, 1821, the 
wife of Linly Kellem, of Warren, 111. ; 
Joel, born Aug. 20, 1823, died De- 
cember, 1839; Polly, born March 14, 
1826, married Abel Wilson, of Missouri, 
deceased; Margaret, born Oct. 14, 1831, 
the wife of Thomas Cunningham, of 
Texas; Eliza, born Nov. 22, 1833, wife 
of John Harvey, this county, and Oliver, 
born Feb. 6, 1836, and in March, 1858, 
was married to Miss Jane Box, who was 
born in Henry Co., Iowa, March, 1837; 
her parents, James and Elizabeth Box, 
were among the 'first settlers of that 
county; they have seven children — 
Wm. T., born December, 1858; Addie 
P., May 10, 1862; Eddie A., April 10, 
1865; Alphia C.,Feb. 28, 1868; Jessie 
C, Oct. 19, 1870; Rachel E., Dec. 9, 
1872, and T., Feb. 24, 1878. Oliver 
lives upon and cultivates the home farm ; 
Mrs. Canaday, though in the 82d year 
of her age, is still hale and hearty and 
still continues each year to attend the 
Lee Co. Fair, a privilege she has enjoyed 
every year, except one, for a quarter of 
a century ; when in her 81st year, she 
manufactured with her own hands a 
piece of linen, which she exhibited at 
the fair the same year and received the 
first prize. 

Case, Orson, far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Church, James V., far.. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. 
Denmark. 

Clark, Samuel, far., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 

Cranmer, John, far., Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 

Creel, William C, far.. Sec. 30; P. 0. 
West Point. 

DANOVER, JACOB, far.. Sec. 19; 
P. 0. West Point. 
DEiaiAN, HENRY, farmer and 
stock-grower, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Fort Madi- 
son ; born in Hanover, Germany, 1817 ; 
his parents were very poor, and at the 
age of 7, he was turned out to shift for 
himself; at 26, having accumulated 
about $400, he emigrated to America; 
arrived in Clinton Co., 111., where he 
settled, in 1843 ; on the vessel in which 
he crossed the ocean was Miss Elizabeth 



PLEASANT RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 



809 



Johnson, who was born in the same 
place and was of the same age as him- 
self ; she was also coming to this country 
to seek her fortune ; being alone, a friend- 
ship naturally sprang up between them, 
which ripened into love and a promise 
of marriage ; Miss Johnson accompanied 
Deiman to Clinton Co., where they were 
married soon after their arrival ; they 
invested their united fortunes in a small 
farm of 1 20 acres, and engaged in farm- 
ing for seven years ; at the end of that 
time they sold the farm, stock, etc., and 
removed to Quincy, 111., where he formed 
a copartnership with a brother-in-law, 
who was engaged in buying hides and 
pelts ; subsequently, he engaged in the 
grain trade, and lost everything. After 
this misfortune, he removed to Fort 
Madison, in 1852, and, almost penniless, 
recommenced the battle of life as a 
laborer and teamster ; in two years he 
bought a tract of bottom-land below 
Fort Madison, which he occupied for 
five years, then returned to Fort Madi- 
son and purchased twelve acres in Trust- 
ees' Addition to city, where he built a 
fine brick residence, and engaged in pork- 
packing ; in the fall of 1878, bought 
his present farm, consisting of 255 acres, 
now valued at $55 per acre, all in a high 
state of cultivation, and well stocked 
and supplied with all kinds of modern 
labor-saving farm machinery. They have 
two children — Joseph, born in Quincy, 
111., in 1852, educated at Fort Madison, 
and Elizabeth (now the wife of Law- 
rence Figgen), born in Fort Madison, 
in 1855. At the age of 14, Joseph 
entered the First National Bank, at Fort 
Madison; at a salary equivalent to his 
board ; at the ensuing Christmas the 
President of the Bank, as a reward for 
his faithfulness and industry in discharg- 
ing the duties assigned him, made him 
a present of S300 ; he remained in the 
employ of this Bank for eight years, 
after which he became a partner with 
Henry McCown and Henry Cattermole, 
in the organization of the German 
Savings Bank, and became one of its 
principal managers. In 1875, he was 
granted a vacation and visited Europe, 
where for six months, he traveled through 
Germany, Holland and England. 
Deiman, Joseph. 



Delong, Charles, far.. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 

Dennis, Duke, far., S. 6 ; P. 0. St. Paul. 

Denny"; Barney, far., S. 6 ; P. 0. St. Paul. 

DEXNY, iELI, far., Sec. 19; P. 0. 
West Point ; was born in Preble Co., 
Ohio, in 1846, and, when 5 months of 
age, was brought by his parents to Lee 
Co., settling in Marion Tp. He re- 
mained at home until 22 years of age, 
when he married Hannah J. Bond, 
daughter of Nathan Bond, an early set- 
tler of Lee Co., from Indiana ; she was 
born in Pleasant Ridge Tp. in 1847. 
In 1870, he settled where he now re- 
sides, and owns eighty acres of land, 
valued at $35 per acre. They have 
three children — Alfred, born in 1870 ; 
Cora, in 1875, and Luther in' 1877. 
Republican. 

DIl^CitMAlf, BARXEY, farmer, 
Sec. 18 ; P. O. St. Paul ; son of Garret 
Dingman, who was born in Hanover, 
Germany, in 1800, and, soon after be- 
coming of age, emigrated to America, 
and afterward became a resident of Lee 
Co., where he for several years engaged 
as a farm laborer, and married Anna 
Mary Shutte ; they had four children, 
of whom but two are living ; the subject 
of this was the second, born in Marion 
Tp. in 1842, and married Maggie, 
daughter of Barney Holtcamp ; she was 
born in West Point in January, 1855 ; 
they settled in Marion Tp. until 1878, 
when he purchased his present place of 
residence, consisting of 104 acres of 
land, valued at $40 per acre ; they have 
four children — Barney, born Jan. 7, 
1875; Harmon, Jan. 4, 1877, and 
Katie and Lizzie, in September, 1878. 

EDSON G. S., farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. 
West Point. 
EXSIiOW, SARAH C, farmer, 
Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Denmark ; daughter of 
Edward D. Lee, who was born in Gene- 
see Co., N. Y., Aug. 22, 1810 ; at the 
age of 22 years, he went to Coshocton 
Co., Ohio, and June 8, 1834, married 
Matilda Frederick, who was born in Vir- 
ginia, May 3, 1811 ; in 1840, they re- 
moved to Lee Co., and settled in Harri- 
son Tp., where her father died May 8, 
1877, leaving five children ; Sarah was 
the second ; she was born in Marion 
Co., Ohio, 1837 ; raised and educated 



810 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



in Lee Co. Dec. 2, 1S58, she married 
Elias H. Enslow, who was born in Tusca- 
rora, Mifflin Co., Penn., June S, 1826; 
came with his parents. Thomas and 
Catharine, to Lee Co., and settled in 
this township spring of 1S35, where, on 
June toHowing, his mother died, his 
tathor ioHowing her in 1S52 ; 
soon after their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. 
Enslow settled on the farm where she 
now resides, and owns 210 acres of land 
valued at 850 per acre, and where have 
been born to her ten ehildren^eight now 
living. Ella M., born Get. 18^ 185i) : 
Sarah Alice, Jan. IS, 1861 ; Mary L., 
March o, 1862 ; Benjamin H., Sept. 2-1, 
1863; Dora. Sept. 20. 1865 ; Katie B., 
Jan. 12, 1866; Edward B., Jan. 80, 
1868 ; William C, Feb. 9, 1870 ; John 
F., Oct. 22, 1871 ; Lizzie M., Mav 
3, 1874, died Dec. 10, 1874; and Elias 
F., Nov. 29, 1875, in his iniancy. Mr. 
E. was baptized in the Presbyterian 
Church, and during his life was largely 
interested in church and educational 
matters; very industrious and financially 
successful. Mrs. E. is a member of the 
C. P. Church. 
KKSLOW, T. W.. tlumer. Sec. 23; 
P. 0. Denmark ; son of Thos. Enslow, 
who was born in Juniata Co., Penn., 
June 4, 1800, and married Catharine 
Noss, who was born in Pennsylvania 
July, 1807 ; they settled in Juniata Co.. 
Penn., where were born three sous and 
four daughters ; the second son and sixth 
born. T. V^., was born Jan. 1, 1835, 
and at the age of 3 years, was brought 
by his parents to Lee Co., where they 
settled on Sec. 23 of this township ; the 
year following their coming, his mother 
died; his father ag-ain marr_ying, remained 
at his first place of residence until his 
death, which occurred Nov. 19, 1853; 
T. W. remained with his ftther until 
his death, and 31 ay 1. 1862, in company 
with Louis Hosier and Henry Sophir, 
went the overland route to California, 
arriving at Stockton, after a stay at Vir- 
ginia City of two months, the last of 
November of the same year ; the first 
two years he engaged in iarming, then 
in various speculations until 1865 ; then 
returned to Loe Co., after which, for 
sis years he was employed as an attend- 
ant at the Hospital for the Insane, at 



Mount Pleasant, and Sept. 15, 1874, he 
married Mary E., daughter of W. W. 
Kendall ; she was born at Mouut Pleas- 
ant, Henry Co.. Aug. 18, 1848; soon 
after his marriage, he settled where hi 
now resides, and ownt< eighty acres of 
laud valued at S5l> per acre ; they have 
two children — C. Stanley, born June 
27, 1875 ; Thurlow Tico. born Nov. 8. 
1876; Torrey, born Jan. 4, 1879, died 
Feb. 6. 1879. A member of the Mys- 
tic Lodge A. F. (!c A. 31., at Mount 
Pleasant. Republican. 

FOGaY, GEORGE, A., Sec. 16 ; P. 
O. West Point. 

FOWC;; Y. AXI>KEW, farmer and 
stock-grower. See. 21 ; P. 0. West 
Point ; born in Tyler Co., Ya., 1830. 
and was 6 yeai*s of age when he was 
brought by his parents to Lee Co.; I'e- 
mained with them until their death, 
and with the exception of three trips 
across the plains, has passed his life 
thus far in Lee Co., owning and occupy- 
ing the tarm which his father located in 
1836, consisting of 247 acres of land, 
now vahved at S50 per acre. Mr. Fog"gy 
lived the life of a bachelor until Novem- 
ber, 1871, when he married Eliza, 
daughter of John and Eliza Cooper, nee 
Deaue, natives of Ireland ; she was the 
youngest daughter of a family of fifteeu 
children, and was born in Dublin, Ire- 
land, Nov. 8, 1845; when 3 yeai"S of 
age, her ptxrents emigrated to America, 
first settling in Burlington, where her 
mother died February, 1861 ; her lather 
is now an extensive iaruier and railroad 
man of Lomax, Henderson Co.. 111. ; 
they have two children — John C, born 
Feb. 13, 1873. and Esther L., born 
Jan. 1. 1S75; .Democrat. 

FOCiJCJY, JA^IKS, farmer, stix-k- 
doaler and grower. Sec 28 ; P. 0. West 
Point; son of James Foggy, Sr., who 
was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, 1796, 
and, when a young man, emigx-ated to 
America ; coming over on the same ship 
was Margaret Atlack. born in Edinburg. 
Scotland. September, 1790; they be- 
came acquainted, ;.nd both landing in 
Tyler Co.. A'a., were married and set- 
tled there until 1836, when they were 
among the first settlers of this part of 
IjCc Co.. on what was then known as 
Cruikshaiik's Point, now Sec. 16 of this 



PLEASANT RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 



811 



township, where they renjainod until 
thoir death, which oceurred to the father 
April ll*>, iSiU ; the mother, April 4, 
1858, leaving a family of seven ehil- 
dren, six sons and one daughter; James, 
the second son and third born, was born 
in Tyler Co., Va. July 21, 1825, eonse- 
(juently, was 11 years of age when his 
parents removed to Iowa ; educated at 
the common schools of the day, with a 
few terms at a private school, at Salem. 
In 1849, he was with the tirst trains 
to cross the Rocky and Sierra Nevada 
Mountains ; having left home with a 
small company of men, on the 29th of 
March of that year, they arrived at 
Bear Kiver diggings August 17, of 
the same year, remaining there for 
twelve daysj; he proceeded to Sacra- 
mento, where he engaged as clerk in a 
wholesale store of general merchandise, 
at a salary of $850 per month, where 
he remained until the rains of the fol- 
lowing winter submerged the city, and, 
flanuary 1. returned home, via the Pan- 
ama route. May 28, 1850, he married 
Miss Priscilla Weaver, who was born in 
Indiana June 14, 1884. and died Nov- 
12, 18li4, leaving three children — Mar- 
garet A., born July 1, 1851, the wile of 
Wm. Neugon, a farmer of Henry Co.; 
Adeline, born elan. IS, 1854, the wile 
of Richard Way, of this county ; and 
Emily, born Oct. 29, 1865 ; soon after 
the death of his wife, he removed to 
Henry Co., near Mt. Pleasant, and re- 
mained for four years, and, June 18, 
1868, he married his present wife, j 
Nancy, widow of Cyrus Hedges, whom I 
she married in Henry Co., in 1858; he ; 
died 1862, leaving one child, Harry J., j 
born Dec. 9, 1862. Mrs. Foggy was \ 
the daughter of Patrick Cavenee, of ! 
Henry Co., and born in Perry Co., Ohio, \ 
1887 ; they have one child, Olive, born 
March 11, 1872 ; in 1868, he returned 
to Lee Co., and settled where he now i 
resides and owns 170 acres of land, val- 
ued at 650 per acre ; Democrat in poli- 
tics. 

Foreman, Walter, far., Sec. 7 ; P. O. West 
Point. " I 

Foreman, William L., far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. j 
West Point. 

FORDEK^WALT, DAVID, 

farmer, stock-grower and dealer in agri- 



cultural implements. Sec. 33 ; P. O. 
West Point ; son of John and Anna 
F., nee Wagler, both of whom were 
born in Strasburg, France, and, in 1817, 
emigrated to America, and settled ii( 
Wayne Co., Ohio, where David was 
born in September, 1828; in 1846, he 
came to Lee Co., and worked in the 
stables of the livery and stage lines of 
that day; in Keokuk, May 20, 1850, 
he married Catharine Hunter, who was 
born in Germany, 1880 ; soon after 
their marriage, they settled where they 
now reside and own 380 acres of land, 
valued at $50 per acre. They have- 
nine children, five sons and four daugh- 
ters. Democrat in politics, and has 
held various Township and School offi- 
ces ; was also President and Treasurer 
of the Lee Co. Agricultual Society for 
a number of years. 

Fosdick, H. O., fiir., Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 

Fox, N. M., far., S. 86 ; P. 0. Denmark. 

Fender, John N., for., Sec. 9; P. 0. 
West Point. 

FI 1LL.EXKAMP, HEKRY, 
for., Sec. 38 ; P. 0. West Point ; was 
born in Hanover, Germany, in 1805, of 
parents in extremely indigent circum- 
stances ; born in a barn, and, when 6 
years of age, was employed in herding 
cows, and continued as a common la- 
borer until, becoming of a suitable age, 
he determined to marry, and, not having 
the necessary means ibr supporting a 
wife, as was at that time I'equired by 
law, he went to Holland, and engaged in 
gathering turf, and, having secured 
money enough to bring himself and 
wife to America, in 1887, he married 
Mary Droppal, also born in Hanover, 
Germany, in 1806; the following day, 
they shipped for America, first landing 
at Hancock, Va., where he worked on 
the canal for two and a half years ; 
thence to Lee Co., where he purchased 
eighty acres of land in West Point Tp.; 
they have had a family of five children \ 
three sons and one daughter arc still 
living — Barny, born in A^irginia July 
14, 1840, died May 6, 1873; George, 
born Feb. 8, 1848, a bachelor, owning 
a handsome farm of 140 acres, one 
mile north of Wei>t Point, with whom 
the old people have found a comfortable 



812 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



home since 1874; Henry, born Aug. 
18, 1845, and, in 1871, married Eliza- 
beth, daughter of Henry Holtkamp ; 
she was born in Marion Tp., this county, 
in 1849 ; they have three children — 
Henry, Jr., born Sept. 3, 1872 ; Mary, 
Aug. 16, 1874; Katie, October, 1876. 
He owns 130 acres of well-improved 
land, adjoining that of his brothers, 
valued at $45 per acre, on which he has 
erected substantial and convenient build- 
ings. The fourth son, Joseph, was 
born April 3, 1846; Oct. 24, 1871, he 
married Elizabeth, daughter of Barney 
Holtkamp ; she was born in West Point 
Tp., Jan. 4, 1852; they have four chil- 
dren — Mary, Bennie, Henry and George ; 
he owns 130 acres of land, valued at 
$45 per acre. The boys having first 
purchased 160 acres, to which they 
afterward added 100 acres, and keeping 
" bach," improved and cultivated the 
same until two of them married, when 
the}' divided the land as above shown. 
The daughter, Mary, was born April 5, 
1849, and is the wife of Casper Stroth- 
man, an extensive farmer of West Point 
Tp. The family are Democratic in 
politics, and members of the German 
Catholic Church. 

Fullenkamp, Henry, Jr. 

Fullenkamp, Joseph. 

FrL.IiER, HEIiEW M., far., Sec. 
5 ; P. 0. West Point ; daughter of 
Harmon Coggshall, who was born in 
Litchfield, Conn., Sept. 4, 1808, and when 
12 years of age, with his parents, re- 
moved to Susquehanna Co., Penn., 
and adopting his father's trade — that of 
a blacksmith — he continued to work at 
that industriously. At 27 years of age, 
he married Anna McCumber, who was 
born in the State of New York June 
16, 1809; eleven children were born 
of this marriage — four sons and three 
daughters are still living; the first 
born, the subject of this sketch, was 
born in Susquehanna Co., Penn., 
Sept. 19, 1828, and when 6 years of 
age, was brought by her parents to Ste- 
phenson Co., 111. At the age of 27, 
she married Jeduthan G. Fuller, who 
was born in Greenwich, Mass., Oct. 
30, 1811, and when 12 years of age, 
with his parents, John and Sarah Ful- 
ler, removed to Berlin Heights, Erie 



Co., Ohio, thence to Stephenson Co., 
111., where they were married ; in 1869, 
they removed to Lee Co., settling where 
she now resides and owns eighty acres 
of land, valued at $50 per acre. Mr. 
Fuller died Aug. 6, 1873, leaving a 
family of six children — two sons and 
four daughters — all were born in 111., 
except the youngest. 
Foggy, Adam, far.. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

G^ IBSON, ESINGTON, far., Sec. 18 ; 
T P. 0. Denmark. 
Gingrich, Jacob, far., S. 36 ; P. O. Den- 

GRAHAM, BENJ., far., Sec. 32 ; 
P. 0. West Point ; born in the Province 
of Upper Canada, near the Falls of 
Niagara, 1808 ; left an orphan at the 
age ot 4 ; at the age of 16, he went to 
Ashtabula Co., O., where he learned the 
trade of bri<3kmason, an occupation 
which he followed for fifteen years. In 
1834, he married Mary Large, who was 
born in Pennsylvania in 1814 ; in the 
spring of 1837, they were among the 
pioneers of Lee Co., and settled where 
he now resides and owns 215 acres of 
land, now valued at $50 per acre, where 
he turned his attention to farming ; in 

1840, his wife died, leaving three chil- 
dren — David, Jacob and John ; in 

1841, he married Nancy Randolph, who 
was born in Illinois in 1824, and died 
in 1845, leaving three children — Mary, 
Henry and George, all deceased ; in 
185 1 , he married Catharine Jeficrs, who 
was born in West Virginia, in 1824 ; 
they have had ten children, seven of 
whom are living — Abram, Benjamin 
F., Serena, Hannah, Dennis, Joseph, 
Charles, Ada, Lincoln and Melvin ; Mr. 
Graham has identified himself in the 
improvement and educational interests 
of the county by starting the first school 
in his township, started by subscription 
at Peckanne Point ; he also made the first 
farm between West Point and Salem. 

Green, Jackson, far., Sec. 13; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 

HAMMER, WILLIAM, far., S. 18 ; 
P. 0. West Point. 
Harvey, John D., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. West 

Point. 
Hazen, James, far., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 



PLEASANT RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 



813 



S. 13; P. 0. Den- 



Sec. 11 



P.O. 

, West 

farm- 
born 
when 



Hersehler, John, far., S. 33 ; P. 0. West 

Point. 
Herstein, Jacob, far., S. 29 ; P. 0. West 

Point. 
Hertzler, Daniel, far., S. 28 ; P. 0. West 

Point. 
Honarick, Christian, far., S. 22; P. 0. 

West Point. 
Hosier, A. M., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. West 

Point. 
Hosier, Henry, far., S. 17; P. 0. West 

Point. 
Hosier, Isaiah, far. 

mark. 

JACKSON, ROBERT, far 
P. 0. Lowell. 

Johnson, Chauncey, far.. Sec. 30 ; 
West Point. 

Johnson, John, far., Sec. 30 ; P. 
Point. 

JOHNSOX, SETH, retired 
er. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. West Point ; 
in Middletown, Conn., in 1798 ; 
4 years of age, he was taken by his 
parents to Claremont, N. H., and at the 
age of 15, again moved westward, 
this time to Whitesboro, Oneida Co., 
N. Y.; he remained with his father 
(who was a tanner and currier by trade) 
until 21 years of age ; and at the age 
of 24, he married Lavina Adams, who 
was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1804 ; 
in 1834, they emigrated to Huron Co., 
Ohio, where they resided for 20 years, 
and, in 1854, came to Lee Co., where 
he purchased an extensive farm of 355 
acres, all of which he has since divided 
among his children, of whom he has 
six now living, havina; raised nine — 
Reuben was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., 
is a resident of Newton, Jasper Co., 
Iowa; a dealer in coal; Nathaniel, in 
New York; enlisted in 4th I. V. C; 
killed at the battle of Pittsburg Land- 
ing, and buried on field of battle ; Seth, 
Jr., in New York, deceased ; Robert, in 
New York, who left home thirty years 
since, the last heard from him ten years 
since, was in California; John, in New 
York, now occupies the home farm ; 
Lucretia, in Ohio, the wife of Louis B. 
Keeler of Lee Co. ; ^-osella, in Ohio ; 
married B. P. Barr, deceased ; occu- 
pies the homestead, with her parents, 
and finds a pleasant home; Chauncey, 
in Ohio, living near his father's ; and 



Nelson, in Ohio, a resident of Fort 
Madison, for many years a successful 
teacher. Republican in politics. Mr. 
Johnson, although past 80 years of age, 
has a constitution, which, in spite of 
the exposure and demands of a lifetime 
of great activity, indicates to-day, good 
health, and promise of years of activity 
still. 

KEELER, L. B., far., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 
West Point. 
Kempker, Henry H., far., Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 

West Point. 
Kennedy, James, far.. Sec. 34; P. 0. 

West Point. 
Kennedy, Samuel, far., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. 

West Point. 
Kennedy, W. R., far., Sec. 26 ; P. 0. 

West Point. 
Klopfenstein, Peter, far.. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 

Denma,rk. 
Kruze, Lewis, far., S. 19 ; P. 0. St. Paul. 

LICHTY, PETER, far., Sec. 20 ; P. 
0. West Point. 
L.ITTLE, I. C, far.. Sec. 26 ; P. O. 
Denmark ; son of Samuel Little, who 
was born in New Hampshire in the 
year 1800 ; with his parents removed 
to Vermont, where he married Arabel 
Baxter ; they settled at Littleton, N. 
H., six miles from the White Moun- 
tains, where I. C, their first child, was 
born. When 11 years of age, his par- 
ents removed to Norwich, Vt., where he 
received the greater part of his educa- 
tion, and remained until 1852, when he 
came to Lee Co., November, 1856. He 
married Cynthia A., daughter of George 
L. Dean, an early settler of Lee Co. ; 
she was born at Athens, Ohio, Oct. 18, 
1833. In 1858, they removed to Men- 
dota. La Salle Co., 111., and remained 
until 1860, and returned to this county, 
Washington Tp., where, March 16, 
1861, his wife died, leaving one child — 
Ora I., born Jan. 6, 1861. Aug. 21, 
1863, he married Laura L., daughter of 
Daniel and Martha Newton ; she was 
born on the Black Hawk Purchase, 
1838. In 1866,- they settled where 
they now reside, and own seventy-five 
acres of land, valued at $40 per acre ; 
they have three children — Owen, born 
Oct. 15, 1866; Abbie, Jan. 7, 1869 ; 
Daphne, June 17, 1871. Republican in 
politics. 



814 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



Lockwood, Oscar, fkr., Sec. U4 ; P. 

Denmark. 
Logan, Amos, far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. West 

Point. 
Lutz, John, far.; Sec. 29; P. 0. West 

Point. 

MCCAIN, DANIEL, far., Sec. 12; 
P. 0. Denmark. 

McCoy, Brice, far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 

McCoy, Jesse, far., Sec. 3 ; P. O. Lowell. 

McKee, B. R., far., Sec 27 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

McKee, John, far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

McKee, Thomas, far.. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

McKee, William, far., Sec. 27 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Manning, Antone, far., Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 
West Point. 

Marsh, Lyman, far., Sec. 22 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Miller, Paul, far., Sec. 10; P. 0. Lowell. 

Moeler, Garret, far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. St. 
Paul. 

Murry, David, far., Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 

Murry, Jacob M., far.. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 

^wTEW, MICHAEL, far.. Sec. 14; P. 

i_N 0. Denmark. 

Newby, Abner, far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Newby, Isaiah, far.. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

WEWT01[, MARTHA, farmer. 
Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Denmark ; a grand- 
daughter of Stephen Foster, who was 
born in Bhode Island, where he married 
Sarah Gallup ; soon after their marriage 
they settled at Sharon, Windsor Co.,Vt. ; 
had six sons and three daughters, among 
whom was Joseph Foster, the father of 
Mrs. Newton ; he was born at Sharon, 
where he married Miss Lucretia Ballard, 
who was born at Munson, Mass., in 
1776 ; had two sons and two daughters ; 
Mrs. Newton, the youngest of the 
daughters, and the only one of the family 
now living ; she was born at Sharon, 
Vt., in 1812 ; at the age of 5 years she 
lost her father, and, at 12 years of age, 
was put out to service which she con- 
tinued until 25 years of age, when, in 
company with Calvin Newton and family 



and Deacon Burton, she came to Lee 
Co., the party coming the entire dis- 
tance from Vermont in wagons, and. 
after a journey of eight weeks, arrived 
in Denmark Tp., on Thursday, the 10th 
of July, 1837 ; on the following Sab- 
bath (July 13), she was married to 
Daniel Newton, at the cabin of Esquire 
Boss, in Washington Tp. ; her husband 
was a native of Windsor Co., Vt., where 
he was born in 1813 ; at the age of 21. 
he emigrated to Ohio ; in the spring of 
1835, came to Lee Co., and bought the 
claim upon which Mrs. Newton now 
lives. Mrs. Newton relates that her first 
broom was made of hazel brush and 
their first cradle from a black-walnut 
log, which was cut to a suitable length 
and split or rived into suitable p'eces ; 
at two different times, for a period of 
three months, she did not see the face 
of a woman ; for six weeks after the}* 
commenced to keep house, they pounded 
corn for bread, and twice, for a week at 
each time, they had no bread in their 
house ; they managed to live, however, 
and in February, 1842, while absent 
from home, their cabin took fire and 
was entirely consumed, with everything 
in it ; the neighbors contributed clothing, 
bedding, etc. , and helped them to another 
start ; March 29, 1859, her husband 
died, leaving an estate of 290 acres of 
land, which is now valued at $45 per 
acre. They had five children, two now 
living; Laura, the eldest, born in 1838, 
is the wife of I. C. Little ; Mary was 
born in 1842, and is the wife of William. 
Barnes. 
Newton, Orson, far.. Sec. 24; P.O. 
mark. 

OSBUBN, THOMAS J., far., S. 
P. 0. West Point. 
PRETSMEYEB, STEPHEN, 
Sec. 6 ; P. O. St. Paul. 
Price, F. A., far., Sec. 8; P O, 
Point. 

RAUENBUEHLEB, MELCHOR. 
far., Sec. 30 ; I . 0. West Point. 
Risser, Jacob, Sr., far., S. 30 ; P. O. West 

Point. 
Risser Jauob, far.. Sec. 29 ; P. O. West 

Point. 
Risser, John, far., S. 29; P. 0. West Point 

SCHULLTB, DETRICH, far., S. 32 ; 
P. 0. West Point. 



Den- 



17 



far. 



West 



PLEASANT RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 



815 



-Scliullte, Theodore, far., Sec, 32 ; P. 0. 
West Point. 

Scliullte, William, far., S. 82; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Shantz, Peter, far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Denmark. 

Sharp well, Christian, for., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
St. Paul. 

Shipley, Charles, far., S. 22 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Shutte, G. G., far., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

SNOOK, J. C, farmer, Sec. 28; 
P. 0. West Point ; a son of John 
Snook, who was born in Sussex Co., N. 
J., Aug. 17. 1776; when a young man, 
,he removed to Union Co., Penn., where 
he married Elizabeth Christ, who was 
born in Union Co.. Penn, Sept. 25, 
1778 ; he died in Union Co., Penn., 
Dec. 9, 1834, his wife in Lee Co., 
March 13, 1863, leaving a family of 
four sons and three daughters, but 
three now living ; the second son and 
fourth born, the subject of this sketch, 
was born in Union Co.. Penn., June 5, 
1809 ; he was raised a farmer. In the 
27th year of his age, he married Jane, 
daughter of James Cornelius ; she was 
born in Union Co., Penn., Feb. 18, 
1836 ; in 1853, they emigrated to Lee 
Co., and settled where they now reside, 
and own eighty acres of land, valued at 
$30 per acre They have ten children 
— Mary, born in Pennsylvania, Jan. 11, 
1837, the wife of Wm. Bronson, of 
Clark Co., Towa; Sarah J., born in 
Pennsylvania, Nov. 8, 1838, the wife of 
Thns. Moore, of Montrose ; Lucy Eliz- 
abeth, born in Pennsylvania, May 21, 
1841, married James Thornton, a sol- 
dier in the late war, now deceased ; 
Julia A., born in Pennsylvania, June 
17, 1843, the wife of E. M. Stewart, of 
this county ; John W., born in Penn- 
sylvania, Oct. 30, 1845, of Idaho, en- 
gaged in freighting ; Isaac N., born in 
Pennsylvania, Feb. 20, 1848, a resident 
of Henry Co., Iowa, a farmer ; James 
H., born in Pennsylvania, Nov. 20, 
1850, a farmer of this township ; Chris- 
tian Gr., born April 5, 1853, a farmer 
of this township ; Lewis C, born in 
Lee Co., March 12, 1856; Ella, born 
in Lee Co., Oct. 9, 1860. Mr. Snook 
was formerly a member of the German 
Reformed Church. Has held various 



township and school offices ; is a Jack- 
son Democrat. 

Snook, James H., far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Soppe, Barney, far., S. 7 ; P. 0. St. Paul. 

Spexarth, Joseph, far., Sec. 7 ; P. O. 
St. Paul. 

STEPHENSON, JOHN S., far , 

Sec. 7 ; P. 0. We.st Point ; grandson of 
Edward Stephenson, who, in his early 
life settled at what is now the populous 
city of Cincinnati, Ohio, at that time 
consisting of a fort erected as a protec- 
tion to the white settlers against the 
Indians ; in that fort, John S., Sr., the 
father of John S., Jr., was born; during 
the year 1800, when but 4 or 5 years 
of age, his father died, soon after which 
his mother (the grandmother of John 
S., Jr.), returned to Wood Co., Va., 
their former home. Having reached 
manhood's estate, John S. soon returned 
to Hamilton Co., Ohio, thence to Dear- 
born Co., Ind., where he married Eliza- 
beth Archibald, who was born near Bos- 
ton, Mass., in 1801 ; they settled in In- 
diana, and after residing for a time in 
Hamilton Co., Ohio, in 1837, they be- 
came pioneers of Henry Co., Iowa., first 
settling in Baltimore Tp. for three 
years, thence to Jackson Tp., where, in 
1846, he was elected to the State Legis- 
lature, and again in 1847; in 1855, he 
returned to Baltimore Tp., where, in 
1865, he died ; the mother is still a res- 
ident of that township ; they had seven 
children, five sons and two daughters ; 
John S., Jr., the youngest of the sons, 
was born in Hamilton Co., Ohio, in 
1834, consequently being 3 years of age 
on the removal of his parents to Henry 
Co.; being 16 years of age before the 
erection of the first schoolhouse in his 
district ; his means for education were 
somewhat limited ; was employed on his 
father's farm until he reached the age 
of 26, when he married Annie E., 
daughter of Calvin J. Price, who was 
born in Smithfield, N. C, in 1801 ; aft- 
erward a resident of Tennessee ; thence 
to Cairo, III., where he married Mary 
Conley, and in 1836 they were among 
the first settlers of West Point, this 
county, where he did the first mercan- 
tile business, and erected and kept the 
first hotel ; during the first year of his 



816 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY; 



residence there his wife died, and in 
August, 1838, he married Frances Long- 
ford, born in Newcastle, Ky., in 1819, 
at that time a resident of Clarke Co., 
Mo. Mr. Price was a member of the 
first Territorial Legislature, and subse- 
quently elected several times, and was a 
member of that honorable body at his 
death, which occurred in 1 860. Mrs. 
Price is now a resident of Lowell, Henry 
Co. ; of seven children born of this 
marriage but four are now living, Mrs. 
Stephenson being the second born in 
Pleasant Ridge Tp., in 1841, and the 
only one of the family now residing in 
Lee Co. ; soon after their marriage, they 
settled on the farm they now occupy, 
consisting of 168 acres of land, valued 
at f 50 per acre ; they have four chil- 
dren — John C., born Jan. 23, 1863 ; 
Frances L., born Oct. 18, 186-1- ; Ed- 
mund A., born Nov. 16, 1867, and Clyde 
L., born March 28, 1872. Democratic 
in politics ; a member of Leaf Lodge, 
I. 0. 0. F., No. 57, at Lowell. 

Stewart, A., far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Denmark. 

STEWART, E. M., far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 
0. West Point ; was born in Ohio Co., 
Ind., in 1824 ; received an education 
such as was to be had at the common 
schools ; at the age of 14, he determined 
to learn the printer's trade, and served 
an apprenticeship of two and one-half 
years, after which his services being 
required at home, he returned there ; re- 
mained until 1849, and embarked for 
California via New Orleans and the 
Isthmus; after a journey of six months, 
he arrived at San Francisco the spring 
of 1850 ; after mining for two years, he 
returned to Indiana, and September, 
1852, came to Muscatine Co., Iowa, 
where he engaged in farming. Sept. 6, 
1855, he married Elizabeth, daughter of 
Valentine and Mary Woods, of that 
county, from Indiana ; she was born in 
Ohio Co., Ind., in 1836 ; the fall after 
their marriage, they removed to Lee Co., 
and settled where he now resides, and 
owns 138 acres of land, valued at $35 
per acre. In 1864, his wife died, leav- 
ing five children — Millard F.,born Aug. 
5, 1856 ; died at the age of 10 ; William 
M., born Jan. 6, 1858 ; Valentine C, 
born Aug. 2, 1859 ; Charles E., born 
March 12, 1861 ; Mary E., born Aug. 



17, 1862. He then married Julia A., 
daughter of John C. Snook ; she was 
born in Union Co., Penn., June 17, 
1843 ; they have four children — John 
was born Aug. 5, 1867 ; Julia A., born 
Jan. 23, 1870 ; August J., born July 10, 
1873 ; George A., born April 5, 1878. 
Mr. Stewart has served as Justice of the 
Peace for several years, ajid, in 1871, 
was elected to represent his county in 
the State Legislature. 
Stoner, John, farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

TAYLOR, FRANK, farmer, Sec. 31 ; 
P. 0. West Point. 
TIMPE, JACOB FRITZ, far 
and stock-grower. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. West 
Point ; son of Carl Timpe, who was 
born in Brunswick, Germany, in 1799, 
and married Sophia Sandons, who was 
born in the same State in 1801 ; had 
three children, the eldest of whom was 
Jacob, born in Germany Jan. 5, 1824 ; 
raised a farmer, and with what educa- 
tion he had secured previous to his 14th 
year, when in his 22d year emigrated to 
America, and, after stopping at St. 
Louis for two months, landed at Fwt 
Madison March 9, 1845 ; the first year 
here he worked for Henry Buhrig at $5 
per month, the second with still lower 
wages, and continued as a laborer for 
four and a half years, with a slight in- 
crease in wages after the first two years. 
December, 1851, he married Henrietta 
Schulze, who was born in Brunswick, 
Germany, in 1824, and emigrated to 
America and Lee Co., in 1847; they 
farmed by renting until 1861, when he 
purchased his first real estate, consisting 
of 180 acres of land which he now owns 
and occupies ; in 1863, he erected a 
convenient and commodious barn, cost- 
ing $1,000, and, in 1868, a fine brick 
residence costing $3,000; in 1873, he 
added to his original farm 120 acres of 
land, nraking a total of 300 acres, which 
he now values at $50 per acre; they 
have had a family of six children, four 
still living — Henrietta, born April 17. 
1853, died June 18, 1874; Caroline, 
April 6, 1854 ; Sophia, May 29, 1855 ; 
William, Sept. 4, 1858 ; Fritz, Jan. 26, 
1860, died Feb. 18, 1860, and George, 
April 4, 1862; all have received or are 
receivino; liberal educations. Mr. Tim- 



d 



PLEASANT RIDGE TOWNSHIP, 



817 



pe was a practical, and has proved him- ; 
self a successful, farmer ; received the . 
first premium at the first fair held in 
Lee Co., as the best plowman ; he has ' 
since been Director for the Agricultural 
Society of this county. Democratic; ' 
they are members of long standing in 
the Lutheran Church. 

Trevitt, Kenry, far., Sec. 26; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 

YANSICKLE, WILLIAM, far., Sec. 
24 ; P. 0. Denmark. 

Vincent, John, far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

WOODMANSEE, JOHN, far., Sec. 
24 ; P. 0. Denmark. 

WELCH, T H O S., farmer. Sec. 
29; P. 0. West Point; born in 
Harrison Co., Ohio, Aug. 2, 1807; 
when 21 years of age, removed to 
Athens Co., Ohio, where he engaged in 
milling, which occupation he followed 
for three years. In 1837, he married 
Miss Ann Starr, who was born in 
Athens Co., Ohio, in 1810 ; July, 1838, 
they came to Lee Co.; purchased a 
claim in West Point Tp., adjoining 
Louis Pittman ; in 1839, his wife died, 
leaving one child — John, born Feb. 15, 
1838, now a resident of Allen Co., 
Kan.; a farmer. He then married 
Mary, daughter of Joseph Isham ; she 
was born in Monroe Co., N. Y., Feb. 
4, 1822; in 18G6, they removed to 
their present place of residence, where 
he owns 120 acres of land, valued at 
§45 per acre ; they have three children 
— Martha, born May 4, 1842 ; George, 
July 23, 1843, and Nathan, July 2, 
1851. Mr. Welch was one of the 
Judges at the first election of Lee Co., 
under the Territorial law ; also Treasurer 
of the Lee County Agricultural Society, 
and has held all the township and va- 
rious school offices. 

WIIililAMSON, J. D., farmer, S. 
15 ; P. 0. West Point ; a grandson 
of John Williamson, who was born in 
Maryland, and married Miss Dodd ; 
they were among the first settlers of 
West Virginia, and lived in forts at 
Wheeling during the troubles with the 
Indians ; had two sons and four daugh- 
ters, of whom IMoses, the father of J. 
D., was the first born ; he was born at 
Wheeling, March, 1779, and while still 



a young man, removed to Tyler Co.' 
Va., where he married Nancy Ball, a 
native of Ireland, and at the age of 7 
weeks, brought to this country by her 
parents ; they settled in Tyler Co., 
where the mother died about the year 
1865, having lived to be over 80 years 
of age ; the father is still a resident of 
that (now Pleasant Co.). having reached 
the advanced age of 1 00 years ; they 
had ten children, six sons and four 
daughters, four sons and three daughters 
now living — J. D., the eldest son, was 
born in Tyler Co., Va., the 15th of 
March, 1811 ; there he was raised, with 
but limited means for an education ; at 
the age of 21, he began boating on the 
Ohio Ptiver, an occupation he followed 
for five years; then married Delilah 
Gorrell ; her parents, Ptalph and Katie 
G., were natives of Pennsylvania; she 
was born in Tyler Co., Va., in 1810 ; 
in the spring of 1839, they emigrated 
to Iowa, first stopping at^ Burlington ; 
came in October, of the same year, to 
their present place of residence, where 
they now own 330 acres of land, valued 
at $40 per acre, a property they have 
accumulated by real industry, persever- 
ance and self-denial ; came here almost 
entirely without means ; have had six 
children, three now living — the eldest, 
Mary J., was born the 27th of Novem- 
ber, 1837 (married Oliver McKay of Illi- 
nois, and died 31st of November, 1871); 
Gilbert B., June 28, 1839 (died at 
Portland, Or., the 16th of September, 
1865); Albert S., Sept. 16, 1840 (a 
resident of Lowell, Henry Co., Iowa, 
engaged in merchandising) ; John G., 
the 22d of September, 1843 (now of 
Mt. Ayr, Ringgold Co., a dealer and 
shipper of live-stock ; Viro;inia, the 
20th of May, 1845 (the w#e of Dr. 
Holland, of Dei mark, this county) ; and 
Eliza, the 20th of September, 1847 
(married Joseph Gill, of Dallas, 111., 
died the 24th of July, 1873). Repub- 
lican in politics ; members of the M. E. 
Church. Has held the office of Town- 
ship Trustee, and various school offices. 
Woolen, A. J., far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

YOUNG, LYMAN, far., S. 10; P. O. 
West Point. 



818 



DIRECTORY Of LEE COUNTY: 



CHARLESTON TOWNSHIP. 



A NDERSON, J. W., Charlestou. 

Arnold, Wm., far., Sec. 7; P. 0. Warren. 
Arthur, James, far., See. 34 ; P. 0. Xew 
Boston. 
'ALL, A., CLarieston. 



B 



Ball, Fred., far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Charleston. 
Bannan, Michael, far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 

Beltast. 
Barnes. J. W., former. See. 23 ; P. 0. 

Charlestou. 
Barues. Morgau, farmer, Sec. 26 ; P. 0. 

Charleston. 
Bassett, Const, former, Sec. 24; P. 0. 

Charlestou. 
Bassett, Wm. M., merchant, Charleston. 
Beerghafer, G., farmer, Sec. 10; P. 0. 

Franklin. 
Bopoix, George, merchant, New Boston. 
Branderberger. 3Iichael, Sec. 10; P. 0. 

Charleston. 
Britton, R., Sec. 3t>; P. 0. New Boston. 

CASSIDAY. JOHN, for., Sec. 3; P. 
0. Charleston. 
Church. H. L., for., Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Bel- 

fost. 
Conn. William, far.. See. 35; P. 0. New 

Boston. 
Cook, Jas., for.. Sec. 22; P. O. Charleston. 
Cox, Geo, far.. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Charleston. 
Cross, H. H., physician, Charleston. 
Currants, John, for., See. 35 ; P. 0. New 

Boston. 

DAVIS THOMAS, Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
New Boston. 
Deroff, J., far.. Sec. 11; P. 0. Charleston. 
Donnell. Eston, S. 27 ; P. 0. Charleston. 
Donnell, W. A., for., Sec. 5; P. 0. Don- 

nellson. 
Douglas, Geo., S. 28 ; P. 0. Charleston. 
Downey. John, former, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. 

Charleston. 
Dumenil, J. B., S. 28 ; P. 0. Charlestou. 
Dumenil, M. F., Sec. 22; P. 0. Chailes- 

tou. 
Dumenil, V., Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Charleston. 
TpVANS, S., Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Warren. 

Evans. Thomas, far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Warren. 

FISHER, JOHN, for,. Sec. 20 ; P.O. 
Charleston. 
Fisher, P., far., S. 11 ; P. O. Charleston. 



GRABER, HENRY, tar.. Sec. 2; P. 
0. Franklin Centre. 
Green. John, Sec. S ; P. 0. Warren. 

HAFFNER, CHRISTIAN, farmer, 
Sec. 12; P. 0. Franklin Centre. 

Hall, Hazel. S. 32 ; P. 0. Charleston. 

HALI., JAMES, for.. Sec. 35; P. 
0. New Boston ; born in Ireland Nov. 
l(\ ISIS; came to America in 1847; 
first stopped in Belmont Co., Ohio ; 
removed to Lee Co. in November, 1853, 
first shipping in Keokuk; remained until 
1S54, then removed to Montrose Tp., 
thence to Charlestpn Tp., where he now 
lives, in 1853. Mr. Hall never married ; 
is living with his sistei-s Ellen and 
Agnes ; owns seventy acres of land ; was 
formerly member of the Presbyterian 
Church; Republican. 

HAMILTOX, JESSE, for., Sec 
26; P. 0. New Boston; born in Rip- 
ley Co., Ind., Dee. 22, 1824 ; came to 
Lee Co. in 1849, first to Keokuk; re- 
mained for eighteen yeai*s. iMarried 
Miss Charit} A. Thomas in 1853; she 
died Aug.9, 1861 , when Mr. H, enlisted in 
the 3d I. Y. C, in Co. C ; served until 
the close of the war ; was iu several 
battles and skirmishes. At the close of 
the war. returned home and married 
Mrs. Mary Gildersleive Sept. 14, 1865 ^ 
she was born iu Pennsylvania Sept. 22, 
1823 ; her maiden name was 3Iary Jor- 
dan. _ Mr. H. owns twenty-five acres of 
land, and is a member of the Baptist 
Church ; Mrs. H. is a member of M. E. 
Church ; Mr. H. is a Republican. 

Hamilton, Joseph, for., Sec. 36; P. 0. 
New Boston. 

Havner, L., for., S. 24; P. 0. Charleston. 

Heiser, J. C, for., S. 23 , P. O. Charles- 
ton. 

Heitman, J. B., merchant, Charleston. 

Hershleri J., far., Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Warren. 

Hiler, George, Charlestou. 

Hill. A. R.,^S. 33 ; P. 0. Charleston. 

Holdefer, Charles, far., Sec, 23; P. 0. 
Charleston. 

Hopp, J., for., Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Charleston. 

Housal, John, for., S. 35 ; P. 0. Warren. 

Hunt. J. F., for.. See. 6 ; P. 0. Warren. 

HUNT, JEREMIAH F., for, 

Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Donnellsou ; son of John, 



<;iiAiii;K,sr()N rovvNsiiii' 



H I !) 



of tilt! (/OiKionl laiiiily of lliiiils, vvlio I 
W!iH l)(»rn ill (Jonconl, MiiHs., I7<10, iin<l 
was If) yearn of a^(! at \\w ['w'w^ of (lie 
fir.Mt gun upon tlui IJriti.sIi al (yoiicord, 
ut tlio l)r(!alviiig-()uL of (li(! IJcvolulion, 
and, at 1(!, cnlisttid and Hcirved tlirouj^li 
tlio war; at an (!arly ajj^i;, lie wa.s up- 
prcititiccd to the Hliooinakcr'H trado, and, 
at 21 yoavH of ag(!, W(!nt to Northhoro, 
MahH., wiiero ho, in 17!)7, married Ihil- 
da Allen, born in lV>tor.shain, INlasK., 
May :$, 1772; in IHOO, [\\v.y movf-d to 
Palmer, Hampden Va)., IMass., where 
th(! father pnreliased a farm, which (lu! 
KoiiM eultivat(>d while he eonliniii'd to 
work at hi.s trade; had el(!V(!n ehildn^n ; 
six lived to mardiood and woiiiaiiluMtd ; 
the eldest, John, Jr., horn in Norlhhoro 
Jun(5 27, 17!)'J, and died Nov. I, IHiU); 
lloxana, horn in Norlhhoro June IH, 
1802, and rr'tained her nj.sidence in her 
native State until her death, whieli oc- 
curred in 1878; Anni.s, horn in North- 
boro Oet. 11, 18();{, and became the 
wife of Harvey Smith, of I'almtT, Mans., 
and is Htill a re.sidetit of that place '. 
haH four children ; her eld(!,st Hon (lied at 
Ko;inok(! Island, havin;^,' '^inn\ out with 
(Jen. IJurnsidc!, and |)artieij)at,ed at that 
battle ; Jeremiah ]<\, the only niembiT 
of his fatluir's family who came West;, 
was born in Northhoro Fcib. 21, ISOli, 
and was (i W(!eks of a<^e on the removal 
of his parents to I'almer ; at the a}!;e of 
2 1 , he hifi home, and the sprin;^ of 1 827, 
was enifiloycd by the Hampshire Man- 
ufacturing^ Co., at Ware village, U)T 
nine months; tluiu was at home farming 
and, in the fall of 1828, nsturntid to 
Wan; village, and engaged with the 
factx)ry, dyciing and bleaching nard<(!ens ; 
remaintid there until early in the S[)ring 
of 181)2; thence to I'rovidenee, K. f.; 
then visited different cities, and at 
Spencer, Mass., again engaged in a fac- 
tory at dyeing; the winter of 18:{2-;>:>, 
he went to Hartfijrd, Conn., where he 

engaged as dyer with Colt, the 

father of Sam. Colt, the inventor of the 
noted pistols and revolvers; tlie spring 
of 18154, he went to Lynn, Mass., and 
worked at dyeing and printing; the 
winter of 18:5r)-:}G, in Alfred, Me., he 
studied surveying, which he has prac- 
ticed in Lee Co. and surrounding eoun- 
ticB ; in 18;jG, he returned to Lynn and 



entered the employ of the i'oHl-on and 
hynn Silk, (/olton and Woolen l)y(;ing 
an<l Printing ('o.; the luixt winter he 
j)aysed at home and at H.ihool at An 
dover ; in the summer of 18!>8, came l,o 
L(!e (/O., and f)urehased a claim, on 
which lie still residt^s, with 2'l!) acres of 
land, valued at %A0 per acre ; still occu- 
pies t.lie cabin Huf»posed by some to be 
about the first built in this pa|-t of the 
county, (;re(!t(!d sohily by t,li(; aid of auger 
and iix, iiiid hearing (lat,i! IH.'Jf). 

iiiti\tik4,;to\, joiiiv t., 

fir.; !*.(). New Hostoii ; born in (!ler- 
nioiit (Jo., Ohio, in 182:5. Marririd, in 
1817, Urania Light, a nalivi; of Ohio ; 
rcniov(!d to Van iJuren (Jo., Iowa, in 
18^1) ; eame to fice ('o., and settled onhis 
present farm in 1851 ; have one daugh- 
ter — KlizabeUi J., now Mrs. A. fL 
Miles. 

"FNtlKLMAN, JOHN, far., Sec. 1 ; P. 
1 O. hVanklin (3ent,er. 

TOHNSTON, \V. K., far., See. 17; P. 

f J O. (Miarleston. 

-Jordan, James, New i>ost,oii. 

.Iiitdvins, J(din, hlacksmith, Charleston. 

KKMKIS, THOMAS, far., Sec. 14; 
P.O. (;harl(.st,on. 
KFJCAIV, J. r., far.. Sec. .'55; P.O. 
N(!W I'oston ; born in ('oles Co., HI., 
Dee. i5(), 18."5!J; came to Jice Co. in 
1843; first sett hid in Augusta, thence 
removed to Cliarl(!st,on Tp. Married 
Miss M. A. iJritton March 1, 18GG ; 
sh(! was born in Guernsey Co., Ohio, 
April 11, 18157; her parents came to 
Lee Co. in 18:58. Mr. K. has one; 
child living — Charles (J., born March 
24, ]87t), and three deceased, Kletcher 
IJ., born Dec. 22, 18(;(;, and was 
drowned at 18 months of age; the 
oth(!rs, twins, a boy and girl, born Aug. 
28, 1874, and died the same year. Mr. 
Keran owns seventy one and a half 
acres of land, lie enlisted March 15, 
1802, and served till the close of tho 
war, in Co. I, 17th Iowa V. I. ; was 
in eight battles — luka. Miss., Corinth, 
the evacuation of Corinth, Haker'H 
Creek, Missionary Jlidge, Jackson, 
Miss., si(!gc of Vicksburg and Tilton 
Grove, where ho was taken prisoner, 
and held in Aridersonville Prison six 
months and nine days, and when re- 
leased w;ls a mere skeleton, and still 

9 



820 



DIRECTORY OF LEE aiUXTYT: 



suflors ill-health from his privations and 

a sunstroke. Kepubliean. 
Kerr, Wm., far., S. S ; P. 0. Donnelson. 
Kirchner, Q.. far., S. -i; P. 0. Donnellson. 
Klinalor. C.,far.. S. 10 ; P. 0. Donnellson. 
Koch, M.. tar.. See. S : P. 0. Donnellson. 

LATTA. ALEXANDER, flu-.. See. 1(3 ; 
P. 0. Charleston. 
I.AMB. SMITH, ftr.. Sec. 26; P. 

0. Charleston; bom in Wayne Co., Ind.. 
Aug. 3, 1832; came to Jefferson Co., 
Iowa, inlSll; removed to Polk Co., 
Eowa, in 134-4 ; then to Lee Co. in 1S47, 
and settled in Jackson Tp. ; in 1S50, 
went to Colorado, where he mined for 
some time ; returned to Lee Co., in 
1S53, and settled where he now lives. 
Married Miss Jane Cos Oct. 26, 1S54 ; 
born in Coshocton Co., Ohio, Dec. 1. 
1834 ; her parents were among the 
early settlers of Lee Co. ; they have 
had eleven children, six now living — 
Annie I.. Clara E., Sarena E.. Martha 
J., James E. and Lewis H. ; five 
deceased — Charles, Nettie, William H., 
Fannie and Emma. Mr. Lamb owns 
106 acres of land ; is a member of the 
Baptist Church ; wife, is a member also ; 
Democrat. 

Leech. A. J., llir., S. 16 ; P. 0. Charleston. 

Liiiht. Greoro-e. moved awav. 

LIGHT/ JOHX. farmer. Sec. 35 ; 
P. 0. New Boston ; born in Clermont 
Co., Ohio, Jan. IS, 1805 ; came to Van 
Buren Co., Iowa, in 1848 ; removed to 
Lee Co. in 1852. Married Mi;s Char- 
lotte Phillips in 1827 ; she was born in 
HamUtou Co., Ohio, Dec. 8. 1807; 
and died Aug. 22, 1830 ; manied 
ag-ain Phcvbe C. Dole Jan. 27, 
1833 ; born in Clermont Co., Ohio, Aug. 

1, 1810; died Feb. 16, 1864. Remar- 
ried ag-ain Mrs. Esther McCrackiu Dec. 
13, 1865 ; torn in Montgomery Co., 
Peun., Nov. 28, 1812; had two chil- 
dren ; by first wife, Urania, now Mrs. 
Huntington, one dead — Jane W. ; and 
by second wife, Eebecca A. yuow Mrs. 
Brown.) James A., Charlotte E. (^now 
Mi-s. Miles\ Joha H., George H., Mary 
M. (^now 3Irs.Vaughn), and four dead — 
Jane W., Emily A., Joseph D. and 
Marion H. Mr. Jiight was ordained as 
an M. E. Minister in 1856, and as Elder 
in 1861 ; has been preaching since 1842 ; 
RepubUcan. 



Lyon, Zach., farmer. Sec. 36; P. 0. 
New Boston. 

cANDREWS, JAMES, tar.,5ec- 
20 ; P. 0. Charleston. 

McClarv, James, farmer and shoemaker. 
Sec. 22: P. 0. Charleston. 

MeCORD, J. S.. far., S. 27; P. 0. 
Charleston ; born in Preble Co., Ohio, 
Feb. 2. 1816. Married Miss Martha 
Sawyer Feb. 28, 1838; she was born 
in Warren Co., Ohio, Jan. 15, 1815 , 
came to Lee Co. in 1853, and pur- 
chased, in company with Mr. Boyce, a 
tract of land located in Jackson Tp. . 
for which they paid S2,500, Mr. McC. 
paying 81,000; in 1856, Mr. MeC. 
sold his interest for 69,000, and then 
removed to Montrose Tp., and bought 
163 acres, for which he paid §5,000, 
and then sold and removed to Ch:rrles- 
ton Tp., and settled where he now lives. 
Has two sons and three daughters — 
William S., served in the rebellion ; 
Ann, now Mrs. Fallar ; James B., 
served during the rebellion ; Harriet 
A. and Amanda, also married. Mrs. 
McCord united with the Presbyterian 
Church at the age of 17, and Mr. 
McCord when 20 ye^irs of age. Dem- 
ocrat. 

McCutehin, J. H., flir.. Sec. 35; P. 0- 
New Boston. 

Marion, Felix, Jr., far.. Sec. 21 ; P. 0- 
Charleston. 

3IATTEER, 31., f^r., S. 27 ; P. 0. 
Cbarleston ; born in Dauphin Co., 
Penn., May 22, 1806. Married Miss 
Mary Rodger's May 8, 1828 ; she was 
born in Perry Co., Teun.. April 2, 1812. 
Removed to Washington Co., Ohio, 
in 1829 ; came to Lee Co. in 1851, and 
settled in Charleston Tp. Mrs. Mat- 
teer died Sept. 24. 1849 ; he married 
ag-:\in, Mrs. Elizabeth WestfixU, formerly 
Miss Solomon, Sept. 11, 1850 ; she 
was born in Hardy Co., Va., Dec. 13, 
1812 ; her former marriage to Isaac 
Westfall, was Sept. 12, 1833 ; he was 
born in Virginia March 12, 1809, and 
died Feb. 16, 1847 ; she had six chil- 
dren by her former husband — Cath- 
erine J., William W., Henry L., 
Thomas M., John M. and Robert W. ; 
Mr. Matteer had by his former wife, 
ten children — Louisiana, Lucetta, Mar- 
garetta, Hannah, William 31. C, Fran- 



CHARLESTON TOWNSHIP. 



821 



cis M., Lavina W., Charles A., Mary 
M., Sarah C. Both arc members of 
the M. E. Church. He owns eighty- 
four acres. Democrat. 

Martin, James, farmer, Sec. 19; P. 0. 
Charleston. 

Miles, J. A., farmer, Sec. 36 ; P. 0. New 
Boston. 

Miller, Jacob, farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 
Charleston. 

Monz, Isadore, farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 
Charleston. 

Moore, Shapely, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. 
Charleston. 

Morrissey, John, farmer, Sec. 33; P. 0. 
Charleston. 

nVTEWM ASTER, GOTLIEB, larmer, 

JlN Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Charleston. 

PFLINGERSTOFER, J. B., farmer. 
Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Charleston. 
Pickai'd, S., minister, Charleston. 
Potter, P. W., Charleston. 
Pratt, J. B., farmer, Sec. 19; P. 0. 
Charleston. 

RAxMBO, JACOB, farmer. Sec. 35 ; 
P. 0. New Boston. 

Ramsay, David, farmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 
New Boston. 

Ranz, John, far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Charleston. 

Reuchler, P. F., blacksmith, Charleston. 

BIC^^IiER, L.., farmer, Sec. 25; P. 0. 
Charleston ; born in Bavaria Oct. 4, 
1827 ; came to America with his par- 
ents when 2 years of age ; first stopped 
in Cincinnati, Ohio; removed to Ken- 
tucky, thence to St. Louis, then to 
Hamilton Co., 111. ; remained one year, 
and then came to Keokuk, Lee Co., in 
1853 ; remained four years, and then 
moved to where he now lives. Married 
Miss Margaret Kirshbaum in 1850 ; 
she was born in Bavaria July 18, 1829 ; 
they have two children — Sarah and 
Naomi. Mr. R. owns 280 acres of 
land; member of the Lutheran Church. 
Mr. R. is a Democrat. 

Rice, David, far.. Sec, 10 ; P. 0. Charleston. 

Rokey, Christ., far., Sec. 17; P. 0. 
Charleston. 

Rokcy, Peter, far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Charleston. 

Schneider; Joseph, far., Sec. 5 ; 
p. 0. Donnellson. 
Schwartzentruber, P. J., far., Sec. 14; P. 

0. Charleston. 
Scott, Eli, far., Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Charleston. 
Sell, Casper, far., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Charleston. 



Sheffcr, Daniel, far., Sec. 8; P. 0. 
Charleston. 

Slater, W. P., far., Sec. 35 ; P. 0. New 
Boston. 

Sollars, William, far. ; P. 0. Charleston. 

SOUTH, JOHiy, far., Sec. 26 ; P. 0. 
Charleston ; born in Greene Co., Penn., 
May 20, 1821 ; removed with his par- 
ents to Montgomery Co., Ind., in 1831 ; 
came to Lee Co., June 15, 1840, and 
settled in Van Buren Tp. ; removed to 
Franklin Tp., then to Charleston Tp., 
and settled where he now lives. Mar- 
ried Miss Nancy A. Martin, June 21, 
1849 ; she was born in Monongalia 
Co., Va., June 6, 1829 ; had four chil- 
dren, two deceased — Daniel and Will- 
iam H. ; John M. and Theodosia, liv- 
ing ; all members of the Baptist Church. 
Mr. South followed breaking prairie for 
some lime when he first came to the 
cpunty. The first hogs marketed by 
him netted him $1.75 per hundred, and 
corn 12} cents per bushel. Mr. South 
has served as Justice of the Peace and 
other township offices ; has been Super- 
intendent of Sunday school for twenty- 
one years ; he has been a member and 
deacon in the church for twenty-seven 
years. Owns 201 acres. Members of 
the Baptist Church; Democrat. 

Spahr, Samuel, far., Sec. 14 ; P. 0. 
Charleston. 

Stanton, Thomas, far.. Sec. 19; P. O. 
Charleston. 

Stanwood, Charles, far., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. 
Charleston. 

Stanwood, George, far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Belfast. 

Stevens, James, far. and stock-breeder, 
Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Donellson. 

Stewart, J. S., far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Donel- 
son. 

SrLIilVAlV, V. H., far., Sec. 36; 
P. 0. New Boston ; born in Jeffierson 
Co., Ind., Feb. 1; 1837 ; came to Lee 
Co. Oct. 13, 1854, and engaged for 
some time as conductor on the C, B. & 
Q. Railroad ; also was engaged in mer- 
cantile business in Keokuk for some 
time. Mr. Sullivan served on the Board 
of Supervisors four years, and Justice 
of the Peace four years; owns 116 
acres of land. Married Miss Susan E. 
Hedges ; she was born in Ohio June 18. 
1840; have six childi-en — Chai-les N., 



822 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY : 



Joseph T., Jemima H., S. L., A. H. 
and N. H. ; Democrat. 
SllVIDER, JOSEPH, ftir., Sec. 6 ; 
P. 0. Donnellson; was born in Harrison 
Co., Ind., in 1827, wlierc his grand- 
father, John, had settled from Vir- 
ginia in 1806, his son, Isaac, who 
became the father of Joseph, being 
at that time six years of age. 
Isaac married Julia A. Oatman, 
whose parents were also among the first 
settlers of the State of Indiana, and they 
are still residents of that State and 
county. Joseph, at the age of 17, went 
to Ohio, and for a time followed the 
river — engaged in shipping produce to 
New Orleans. April, 1853, he married 
Kuth J., daughter of James and Ab- 
igail McCullum; she was born in 
Crawford Co., Ind., Aug. 27, 1832, and 
September, of the same year, they came 
to this county, and settled where they 
now reside, and own 240 acres of land, 
valued at $45 per acre. They have two 
children — William H., born April 26, 
1858, and George I., Dec. 26, 1861 ; 
Democratic. Members of C. P. Church, 
Mr. S. being Eider and Clerk in that 
Church. Township Trustee, an ofiice he 
has held for eight years, and has also 
held various school ofiices. 

TRUMP, GEORGE, far., S. 2 ; P. 0. 
Franklin Station. 
YERMAZEN, JAMES, far., S. 21 ; 
P. 0. Charleston. 



VERMAZEW, ARCHIE, 



dealer 
general merchandise. Charleston ; 
born in Holland Jan. 25, 1844; came 
to Keokuk, Lee Co., in 1856 ; in the 
spring of 1862, went to Colorado, 
where he engaged in mercantile and 
hotel business for six years; returned 
to Lee Co,, in 1868 ; bought a farm one 
mile northwest of Charleston, contain- 
ing eighty acres, and, in November, 
1875, engaged in his present business. 
Married Miss Emma Sapp in 1869 ; 
she was born in Clermont Co., Ohio, 
Nov. 27, 1850 ; came to Lee Co., with 



her parents, in 1858; they have two 
children — James H. and John A. Mr. 
V. has been Justice of the Peace six 
years. Township Clerk one term, and 
Assessor two terms. Mrs. V. is a mem- 
ber of the Baptist Church ; Mr. V. is 
a Democrat. 

Vermazen, William, far.. Sec. 20; P. O. 
Charleston. 

VERMILL.ION, li. G., farmer, S. 
26 ; P. 0. Charleston ; born in Bracken 
Ky., Sept. 2, 1815. Married Miss 
Amanda L. Wheaton in 1836, and re- 
moved to Ohio, where he remained till 
1849, then came to Clarke Co., Mo., 
where Mrs. V. died in 1851, leaving 
him with a family of sis children ; he 
married again, Miss Sarah A. Phillips, 
in 1851 ; she was born in Lehigh Co., 
Penn., Oct. 10, 1824; had seven chil- 
dren by his former wife, six still living 
— Greenberry N., Maria L., George L., 
Louisa, John P. and Elizabeth; one 
deceased — Permelia A., and by present 
wife five — Matilda J., Janetta T., 
Alonzo B., Alice A., Fannie B., and 
one dead — Charity R. Mr. V. owns 
200 acres of land, and has given seven of 
his children farms. Members of the 
Baptist Church. Mr. V. has been in- 
dustrious and economical, and is now 
able to live comfortably without hard 
work. Democrat. 

WAHRER, AUGUST, far., S. 34 ; 
P. 0. Charleston. 

Wahrer, F., far., S. 22 ; P. O. Charleston. 

Wahrer, Jacob, far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Charles- 
ton. 

Washburn, G. S., far., Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
Charleston. 

Watson, Wm, far, S. 15 ; P. 0. Charleston. 

Weber, George, far.. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. 
Charleston. 

Weber, Jacob, fir., S. 22 ; P. 0. Charles- 
ton. 

Weber, John, far.. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin Station. 

Wilsey, John, far., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. New 
Boston. 



CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 



823 



CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 



ALEXANDER, T. R., far., Sec. 32; 
P. O. Big Mound. 
Atkinson, W., far., Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Big 
Mound. 

BEACH, WELCOME, far.. Sec. 5; 
P. 0. Hillsboro. 

BEACH, JUIilUS, far., Sec. 5 ; P. 
0. Hillsboro; owns 180 acres of land, 
valued at $35 per acre ; he was born 
June 25, 1798, in Vermont ; in the 
spring of 1813, his parents emigrated 
to Guernsey Co., Ohio ; in early life, he 
learned the carpenter and joiner's trade, 
which he followed in connection with 
farming. Prior to coming West, he 
married Miss Jane Allen of Muskingum 
Co., Ohio, June 1, 1836 ; she was born 
March 16, 1816, in same county ; in the 
spring of 1846, they emigrated to Iowa 
and located upon the farm on which 
they still live ; have seven children liv- 
ing — Thomas B., Alfred A., George M., 
Welcome B., Lucy E., Jesse C. and 
Oscar E. ; lost four — David, Herman, 
Josephine and Lueius. Jesse C. and 
Welcome B., have charge of the home 
farm. Jesse C. married Sarah E. Pyle, 
of Fort Madison, Nov. 12, 1878; she 
was born Oct. 1, 1857, in Van Buren 
Co., Iowa ; the oldest son is living in 
Carroll Co., Mo., and two sons and a 
daughter are living in Nebraska. Mem- 
bers of the Congregational Church ; Re- 
publican. 

Beard, W., far.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Big Mound. 

Bell, I., far., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Big Mound. 

BEL.L., T. A., far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Big 
Mound ; son of D. S. and S. S. Bell, 
deceased ; he was born Aug. 4, 1845, 
in Huntingdon Co., Penn. ; emigrated 
with parents to this county in the fall of 
1845, and settled on the farm upon 
which he now lives, it being a part of 
the homestead, and contains 160 acres, 
valued at $35 per acre. In the spring 
of 1864, he enlisted in Co. E, of the 
45th Iowa regiment, and was mustered 
out the following October, it being a 
hundred-day regiment. He was married 
to Alvira C. Harlan, daughter of Jacob 
and Pharba Harlan, Aug. 19, 1866 ; 
she was born Sept. 27, 1846 ; her 
mother died in Ohio Nov. 9, 1849, and 



father emigrated to this county in the 
M\ of 1859 ; in the fall of 1870, he 
moved to Kansas, where he died Aug. 
27, 1876 ; have three children — Frank 
S., bQrn Oct. 20, 1867 ; Cora E., born 
Jan. 23, 1871, and Gracie, born April 
22,1878. Member Presbyterian Ch ur ch; 
Democrat. 

BELIi, Z. T., farmer, P. 0. Big 
Mound ; owns a farm of 145 acres, val- 
ued at $8,000 ; is a son of David S. 
and Sarah S. Bell, and was born June 
16, 1848, in Huntingdon Co., Penn.; 
the following fall, parents emigrated to 
Lee Co., Iowa, and located upon the 

- farm, a part of which he now owns ; his 
father served as Deputy Recorder in an 
early day ; also as Representative in the 
Legislature in 1870 and 1871, and de- 
parted this life Jan. 14, 1878, his wife 
having died Feb. 5, 1873. Mr. Z. T. 
Bell married Sarah S. Alexander March 
27, 1873 ; she was born May 28, 1846, 
in Jeiferson Co., Ohio ; have two chil- 
dren — Laura M., born Jan. 26, 1875, 
and Anna J., born Jan. 31, 1877. Mr. 
Bell has held the office of Township 
Clerk two terms ; also Director of his 
School District, and Secretary of the 
Board ; wife member of the Presbyte- 
rian Church. Democrat. 

Bennett, Joel, far.. Sec. 30 ; P. O. Big 
Mound. 

Beyerle, George, farmer. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. 
Salem. 

Blair, C. F., merchant. Big Mound. 

Braden, David, farmer. Sec. 16 ; P. O. 
Salem. 

Braden, J. P., farmer, Sec. 10 ; P. O. 
Salem. 

BROWXLEE, SAMUEI. H., 
farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. O. Big Mound ; 
son of Samuel and Catharine C. Brown- 
lee, was born Sept. 3, 1854, in Wash- 
ington Co., Penn.; his father died in 
June. 1854; he purchased the farm 
upon which Samuel H. now lives, some 
years before his death ; mother married 
Hon. James B. Pease Oct. 17, 1867 ; 
the following December, came to Van 
Buren Co., Iowa, where she still lives, 
and where he lived till his majority; 
married Sadie Robertson May 11, 1876 



824 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



she was born in Lee Co. July 19, 1856; 
have two children — Daisy and Hattie 
B. Mr. Brownlee purchased the inter- 
est of his mother, brother and sister, 
in the homestead of 320 acres, valued 
at $50 per acre, one of the best farms 
in the township. Mr. Brownlee is a 
member of the Presbyterian Church. 
Greenbacker. 

CLARK ABNER,far., Sec. 24; P. 0. 
Big: Mound. 

€Ii ARK, ISSAC, farmer, Sec 22 ; 
P. O. Big Mound ; son of Libbeus and 
Mary (Evans) Clark ; was born April 
28, 1834, in Washington Co., Penn.; 
emigrated to Vermilion, Co., 111., in 
the spring of 1855; the fall of 1857, 
came to Lee Co., Iowa, Pleasant Ridge 
Tp.; in the spring of 1859, came into 
Cedar Tp., and rented the Brownlee 
farm, where he remained till the spring 
of 1862, when he came on to his pres- 
ent jE\irm of 312 acres, valued at $45 
per acre. He married Lydia Clark 
Jan. 1, 1861 ; she was born Dec. 21, 
1841, in West Virginia; have six chil- 
dren living — Frank L., Owen H., Alice 
N., Ira F., Maggie B. and Jennie BI.; 
lost one, James B. Mr. Clark is a man 
of intelligence and ability ; a friend to 
all literary or educational enterpriser ; 
has served his township as Justice of 
the Peace and Trustee, several years ; 
also Director of the County Agricultural 
Society ; was a candidate for the Legis- 
lature, on the Republican ticket, in the 
fall of 1877, and defeated by 110 votes,' 
the average Democratic majority being 
about 700 in the county. Member of 
the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. 

Clark, Isaac N,, far.; P. 0. Big Mound. 

Clark, John W., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Salem. 

Clark, W. J., far.. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Salem. 

Colman, Samuel, ftxr.. Sec. 17 , P. 0. Big- 
Mound. 

Connard, William, ftir.; P. 0. Primrose. 

Crawford, David, far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Big 
Mound. 

Crawford, D. W., far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Big 
Mound. 

Crawford, Thomas, far.. Sec. 31 ; P. O. 
Big Mound. 

Crawford, William, far.. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Big Mound. 

DAVIS, JOSEPH, far., S. 1 ; P. O. 
Salem. 



Davis, William, far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Salem 

Dawson, Peyton, far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Big 
Mound. 

Delany, R. T., far. ; Big Mound. 

Derisear, William, far., Sec. 29; P. O. 
Big Mound. 

Derisear, John, far.; P. O. Big Mound. 

Dick, James, far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Big 
Mound. 

DIJLli, JOHX H., far.. Sec. 27; 
P. 0. Big Mound ; owns 165 acres of 
land, valued at $40 per acre ; he was 
born Jan. 13, 1826, in Warren Co., 
Ohio ; in the fall of 1 850, emigrated to 
Lee Co. , Iowa ; the following spring, 
he purchased the farm upon which he 
now lives. He married Mary R. Bell 
March 26, 1862 ; she was born in 1842, 
and died Aug. 19, 1870, leaving three 
children — Wm. C, Linnie B. and Julia 
M. Members of the Presbyterian 
Church ; Republican. 

DINISIiORE, ROBERT, farmer; 
P. 0. Big Mound ; owns 233 acres of 
land, valued at $50 per acre ; he was 
born in County Antrim, Ireland, in 
1826 ; emigrated to the United States 
in the fall of 1859, and located in Ce- 
dar Tp., Van Buren Co., Iowa, where 
he lived till 1866, when he moved on 
to his present farm in Lee Co. He 
married Jane Wallace April 22, 1858 ; 
she was born in Ireland March 28, 
1844 ; they have six children living — 
William, born June 22, 1859, in Ire- 
land ; James W., Jan. 2, 1861 ; Mag- 
gie B., Dec. 30, 1862; Leah J., Nov. 
21,1865; Jane A., Feb. 23, 1870; 
Mary B., Sept. 23, 1872; lost one 
daughter— Eliza, born March 12, 1877, 
and died Aug. 30; 1877. Mr. Dins- 
more is among the leading and influen- 
tial men of his township ; member of 
the M. E. Church ; Democratic. 

DINSMORE, SAMUEL., de 
ceased ; he was born in County Antrim, 
Ireland, in 1820 ; emigrated to the 
United States in 1847 ; stopped in New 
York City a short time, after which he 
went to Pennsylvania, thence to Fort 
Madison, Iowa, in 1848, and engaged 
in the marble business there, also con- 
tracting for stone-work, and in building 
the first cells in the Penitentiary at- 
Fort Madison ; in 1866, he purchased 
the farm now left to his bereaved fam- 



CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 



825 



ily, which contains nearly four hundred 
acres, valued at $40 per acre, part of 
which was previously laid out in town 
lots, and named Georgetown ; he also, 
in company with Messrs. Walsh and 
Rourke, purchased a steam grist-mill 
there, which they converted into a dis- 
tillery and operated it for two or three 
years; since that time he devoted his 
time to framing and stock-raising. He 
married Miss Mary Holtzclaw, of Fort 
Madison, June 14, 1857; she was born 
June 14, 1836, in Xenia, Ohio; her 
parents emigrated to Burlington, Iowa, 
in 1843, where her father died in 1846, 
and her mother at Fort Madison in 
1851; the children of Mr. and Mrs. 
Dinsmore, are William, Kate, Grace, 
Samuel, Nina, Charlie, Robt. E. and 
Jennie, the last, deceased. Mr. Dins- 
more departed this life Jan. 1, 1879, 
leaving his family and a large circle of 
friends to mourn his loss. 

Doan, D. T., far. ; P. 0. Salem. 

Doan, Robert, far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Salem. 

Doohling, Joseph, far., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Big 
Mound. 

EVANS, H. v., far.; P. 0. Big 
Mound. 
InOSTER, WILLIAM L., far., S. 31 ; 
' P. O. Big Mound. 
Frazier, Lindley, far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Salem. 

GARVER, SAMUEL, farmer; P. 0. 
Big Mound. 
ttAKVER, JACOB F., far.. Sec. 
18 ; P. 0. Big Mound ; son of Samuel 
and Catharine Garver, was born April 
10, 1843, in Fayette Co., Penn.; his 
parents emigrated to this county in the 
fall of 1857, and located upon the farm 
upon which they are still living, where 
his boyhood days were spent. He 
enlisted in Co. E, 45th Iowa Inf, 
April, 1864, in the hundred - days 
service ; was mustered out the following 
September. Married Adaline Clifford 
Feb. 17, 1869 ; she was born Jan. 7, 
1841, in Fayette Co., Ind. ; have three 
children — Herman F., Mark C, Neal 
B. Mr. Garver is a man of good sound 
judgment, a friend of all literary and 
educational improvements ; has served 
the public as Justice of the Peace, and 
is the present Justice elect. Owns a 
farm of eighty-four acres, valued at $40 
per acre ; Independent in politics. 



GEESE, W. A., far.. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. 
Clay's Grove ; son of George and Mary 
Geese, was born Dec. 18, 1832, in 
Washington Co., Penn. ; parents emi- 
grated to Coshocton Co., Ohio, in 1836; 
remained till the fall of 1854, when he 
went to Franklin Co. ; thence to Lee 
Co., Iowa, in the fall of 1866, and 
located on his present farm of 160 acres, 
which is valued at $50 per acre. He 
married Clarissa Powell, of Franklin 
Co., Ohio, March 10, 1857 ; she was 
born in same county, Dec. 14, 1838 ; 
have five children — Otis T., Emma A., 
Frank M., Effie A., Nannie W. Mr. 
Geese has served his township in most 
of the offices of the township, and as 
Director of both the county agricult- 
ural societies. He is also a member of 
the M. E. Church. Democrat. 

Gill, Edwin S., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Clay's 
Grove. 

GRIFFIS, R. E., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. 
Clay's Grove ; son of William and Ruth 
Griffis, was born Oct. 10, 1836, in 
Kentucky ; his parents emigrated to 
Clay Co., Ind., in 1839, and from there 
to Clarke Co., Mo., in 1848, and in 
1849, came to Lee Co., Iowa, and locat- 
ed near Fort Madison. He married 
Mary Sawyer Aug. 5, 1860; she was 
born in this county Aug. 7, 1841; her 
parents came from Massachusetts to this 
county in 1836 ; have three children — 
Sylvester S., Edith J. and Herbert L.; 
lost one infant. Mr. Griffis' father 
lives just above Fort Madison, in this 
county; his mother died Feb. 9, 1876. 
Democrat. 

HAMMOND, JOHN, far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 
0. Hillsboro. 
Hampton, Henry, far. ; P. 0. Salom. 
Harlan, J., far. and patent-right man ; P. 

0. Hillsboro. 
Harlan, M., far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Hillsboro. 
Hartley, T. C, far. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Salem. 
Hathway, H. H., carpenter and joiner ; P. 

0. Big Mound. 
Heaton, E. H., flir., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Big 

Mound. 
Heaton, J. G., far. ; P. 0. Big Mound. 
Heaton, John, fir. ; P. 0. Big Mound. 
Heinming, Mr., far., Sec. 21 ; P. O. Big 

Mound. 
Hill, Henry, far. ; P. 0. Big Mound. 
Hinsha, J. B., far.. Sec. 12 ; P.O. Salem. 



826 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



HixsoD, David, far.. Sec. IS: P. 0. Big 
Moiind. 

Holmes. John, far. ; P. O. Salem. 

Hott,P., tar.. See. 6 ; P. 0. Hillsboro. 

Houser. D. L.. for., Sec. 33; P. 0. Big 
Mound. 

Hover. E.. for., Sec. 14; P. 0. Salem. 

Huft; J., for., Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Salem. 

Hyde, Addison, for. : P. 0. Salem. 

HYDE, GEORGE W.. for., Sec. 
• 4 , P. 0. Salem ; he was born July 13, 
1809, in Xew York City; parents' emi- 
grated to Athens Co.. Ohio, in 1S15; 
where he remained till 1839 ; when he 
went into Franklin Co., and married 
there, Sarah Harce, July 29, 1841; she 
was born in same county, June 6, 1820 ; 
in the wiuter of 1846, moved into 
Champaign Co. ; remained till the foil 
of 1848; then emigrated to Lee Co., 
Iowa, and located upon the form on 
which he still lives, which contains 195 
acres, valued at 840 per acre ; his wife 
died Dec. 27. 18o4 ; and he again mar- 
ried Eliza J. Richardson. July 22. 1S55 ; 
she was born in Washington Co.. Ohio, 
July 11, 1821 ; she died Oct. 4. 1876 ; 
he had by first wife seven children, of 
whom Eomelia, Josephine. Bolandus. 
Emeline. Abigail and Addison are living : 
Georgiana died; and by second wife four 
— Olive and Lucretia living, two died in 
infoncy ; Eolaudus is now running the 
form, and married Adaline Beuler, of 
this county, April 1. 1875; she was 
born Feb. 20, 1853 ; they are raising a 
little daughter of his wife's brother, 
named Nellie. Eolandus served his 
country in the 45th I. V. I. 

Hyde, J.' W., for. ; P. Q. Salem. 

Hyde, Nelson, for. ; P. 0. Salem. 

Hyde, E.. for.. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Hillsboro. 

KELLY. PETEE, for.. Sec. 35 ; P. 
0. Big 3Iound. 
Kennedy, J., for.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Big 

Mound. 
KEXXEDY. JOSIAH, farmer. 
Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Big 3Ionnd ; owns 340 
acres of land, valued at §40 per acre ; 
,boru Jan. 18, 1817, in Casey Co.. Ky ; 
emigrated with his parents to iMorcan 
Co., Ill, in the foil of 1828. Married 
Julia Scott, of Scott Co., 111., in March, 
1837 (her fother was the first settler, 
after whom the county was named^ ; 
wife was born in ^Morgan, the adjoining 



cotinty. April 2, 1819; in the fall ot 
1842. he emigrated to Iowa, stopped ic 
Van Biu-en Co.. till the spring of 1843. 
when he came into Lee Co., where he 
since resided most of the time in Cedar 
Tp.. which he has served as Township 
Trustee sixteen years, and in other official 
capacity ; politically, he has supported 
the Eepublican party since 1854; till 
the fall of 1878, voted the Greenback 
ticket ; member of the Christian Church. 
Have five children living — James. 
Joanna, Nellie, William H. and Eda; 
lost four — Josephine. John S., Mary 
and Sophia. 

Kerr, G. A., for.. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Salem. 

Kins, James D., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Salem. 

King. John. for.. See. 23; P. 0. Big 
Mound. 

Kin-z. Obod H.. for.. S. 14 ; P. 0. Salem. 

LAXGWIRTH. EDWAED. for.; P 
0. Hillsboro. 
Leazer, .Isaac, far. ; P. 0. Big Mound. 
Lightfoot. John, far.. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Big 

Mound. 
Logan, Hugh E., fu:.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Big 

MounJ. 
L^gan. W. P., tar., Sei-. 20 ; P. 0. Big 
3Iound. 

McDAXIEL. GEORGE, far. ; P. 0. 
Hillsboro. 

McDaniel, Isaac, far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Hills- 
boro. 

Mcl^iniel, Nate, for.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Hills- 
boro. 

McDaniel, Newton, fir.. Sec. 5 ; P. O. 
Hillsboro. 

McDaniel, Richard, fir.. Sec. 5 ; P. O. 
Hillsboro. 

McKee, Fmnk. for. ; P. O. Primrose. 

Mackey. George, for.. S. 24 ; P. 0. Clay's 
Grove. 

3Iarshall, Evan. t;ir. and physician, S. 11 . 
P. 0. Salem. 

3Iiddauoh. Dan., for. ; P. 0. Salem. 

3Iiddaxidi, John, for. ; P. 0. Salem. 

Miller, Jackson, for. ; P. 0. Salem. 

Miller. Samuel, far. ; P. 0. Primrose. 

Moore, H. F.^ for.! Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Big 
Mound. 

Moran. William, for.. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Big 
^lound. 

NEWSAM. JOHN, for., Sec. 2S; P. 
0. Bis; mound. 
iACKEICF. v., for. ; P. 0. Salem. 



P 



CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 



827 



Packer, M. L., far. ; P. 0. Salem. 

Pease, Alfred, for.. Sec. 29; P. 0. Big ; 
Mound. 

Pease, Emery H., f;ir.; P. 0. Big Mound. . 

Pease, James F., far.; P. 0. Big Mound. 

Pease, Jonathan, far., Sec. 18; P. 0. Big > 
Mound. 

PEASK, JOSEPH A., far., Sec. ; 
22 ; P. 0. Big Mound ; owns eighty ; 
acres of land, valued at $3,000, and a 
residence in Fort Madison, valued at 
$1,000; he was born Aug. 21, 1823, 
in Washington Co., Penn.; emigrated to 
the West in the spring of 1S56 ; stopped 
near Lane Station, in Ogle Co., 111.; in 
the fall of the same year, came to Lee 
Co., Cedar Tp. Served his county as 
Deputy Sheriif during the years 
1869-70. Married Sarah Xew?am, of 
this county, Oct. -4, 1S70 ; she was born 
March 25, 1834, in Washington Co.; I 
Penn.; her parents emigrated to Iowa ' 
in the spring of 1843. He served as ] 
Steward of the County Farm during ' 
1871-72, and, in the fiill of 1872, was ] 
elected Sheriff of the county. At the j 
expiration of his term of office. January, 
1875, came onto his present farm. He 
has an adopted daughter, Clara J., who 
was born Feb. 5. 1872. Member Pres- 
byterian Church ; Democrat. 

PEASE, KAYaiO.\D S., far, 
Sec. 22; P. 0. Big Mound; son of 
Boyd E. and Margaret J. Pease; was j 
born June 15, 1850, in Washington ' 
Co., Penn.; emigrated to Lee Co., Iowa, ; 
with his parents in the spring of 1853, 
when they settled upon the farm upon 
which he is now living ; his fa'her was 
born April 23, 1S21, in Washington 
Co., Penn., and married Miss Black j 
Dec. 21, 1848; she was born Aug. 1, i 
1828, in Westmoreland Co., Penn.; ; 
father died March 27, 1875, leaving a ! 
family of ten children and his wife to I 
mourn his loss ; children are Raymond ; 
S., Alfred M., Mary S., Frank B., Ed- i 
mund L., Emma J., Harriet A., Fanny 
G., Boyd E. and Ada B. His ! 
father was an elder in the Presbyterian j 
Church for several years, and at his | 
death left an estate of 470 acres of land, '. 
estimated to be worth 815,000. Eay- 
mond S. is the administrator of the estate j 

PICKARD, HIRAM, far , Sec. I 
3 ; P. 0. Salem ; owns seventy acres of I 



land, valued at S40 per acre ; is a son 
of Henry and Eleanor Pickard ; was 
born Nov. 18, 1838, in Parke Co., Ind.; 
emigrated with parents to Iowa in the 
foil of 1845 and located near Salem, 
Henry Co., and, in the spring of 1847, 
came into Lee Co. In Februarv, 1863, 
he enlisted in Co. E of the 1st t. V. C; 
was accidentally wounded shortly after 
entering the service, while on drill, 
being shot through the right arm, shat- 
tering one of the bones below the elbow, 
and was kept in hospital most of the 
time till he was mustered out Nov. 25, 
1865. He married Rebecca Almond of 
Henry Co., Jan. 6, 1858; she was born 
in same county Aptril 27, 1841 ; her 
parents emigrated from Indiana in 1840 ; 
have eight children living — Charles A., 
Amanda J., Pleasant E., John E., Os- 
car, Sarah C, Arlow, Walter E.; lost 
one son — Frank. Mr. Pickard moved 
onto his present farm in the fall of 
1874. Republican. 

Pickard, H. J., far.; P. O. Salem. 

Pickard, Laban, for., S. 11; P. 0. Salem. 

Powell, D. M.. for., Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Clay's 
Grove. 

Powell, W. L., far., Sec. 35; P. 0. Clay's 
Grove. 

RAFIER, JOHN, far.; P. 0. Clay's 
. Grove. 

Ransom, George, far.. Sec. 4 ; P.O. 
Salem. 

Reader, L. M., blacksmith; P. 0. Big 
Mound. 

RHYNAL.DS, WM., J. for , Sec 2 ; 
P. 0. Salem ; owns eighty acres of land, 
valued at 845 per acre ; he was born 
June 1, 1835, in Quincy, 111.; his father, 
John A. Rhynalds, emigrated from 
Nova Scotia to that place in 1826 ; in 
the tall of 1844, came with parents to 
Henry Co., Iowa, and located near 
Salem, where his father died Feb. 14, 
1850, and mother, Feb. 20, 1848; he 
remained on the home farm till 1852, 
when he came into Lee Co.; since has 
lived in Cedar Tp., except three years in 
Marion Tp.; came to his present farm 
in 1876. He married Lavina Bond, of 
Lee Co.,. Iowa, Aus;. 27, 1854 ; she was 
born Oct. 21, 1834, in Randolph Co., 
Ind,, has ciuht children living — John 
B., Melinda C., Eva R., Mary E., Mar- 
shall J., Albert W., Charles E., Elijah 



828 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



A.; lost two — Jesse M. and Irilla J. 
Member of the M. E. Church ; Repub- 
Hcan. 

RHODE, J. W., law student, Big 
Mound; son of John and Catharine E,., 
who, in 1843, came to Jefferson Co., 
Iowa, thence to Henry Co., where they 
now reside was educated in the com- 
mon schools of that county ; was a 
student in Whittier College and Earl- 
ham College, Richmond, lud. In 1874, 
he married Miss Lydia Johnson, 
daughter of Benj. H. Johnson, an early 
settler of Van Buren Co. Soon after 
their marriage, he purchased his present 
property, consisting of eighty acres of 
land, valued at §40 per acre ; since, has 
been engaged in farming and teaching ; 
at the beginning of the past year, he 
commenced the study of law with Casey 
& Hobhs, of Fort Madison, and intends 
to make that his profession. They have 
two children — Vada C, born in 1875, 
and May M., March, 1876. Has 
been Secretary of School Board ; is 
Notary Public, member of A., P. & A. 
M., No. 17, Salem. 

Rhynold, J. B., far.; P. 0. Salem. 

Rigby, Ralph, far. ; P. 0. Salem. 

Ross, Robert, for., Sec. 21; P. 0. Big 
Mound. 

SAMPLE, JOHN W., far., S. 15 ; P. 
0. Salem. 
Sayers, James, far., Sec. 7; P. 0. Big 

Mound. 
Sivil, John, shoemaker. Big Mound. 
Steadman, Addison, far. ; P. 0. Pi*imrose. 

TAYLOR, LEWIS, for.. Sec. 19 ; P. 
0. Big Mound. 

WALSH, WILLIAM, Jr., far. ; P. 
0. Big Mound. 
Ware, John, far., Sec. 3(h; P. 0. Big 

Mound. 
Welsh, William, for., Sec. 17; P. 0. Big 

Mound. 
Wiley, William, for., Sec. 30; P. 0. Big 

Mound. 
WILKINSON, C. L., former. Sec. 
23 ; P. 0. Primrose ; son of Charles 
and Sarah (Rogers) Wilkinson ; was 
born Sept. 26, 1832, in Burlington Co., 
N. J. ; parents moved to Louisville, Ky. 
Y., in 1834 ; his father died there in 
1 836 ; the following year, his mother 
returned to New Jersey with the family, 
where she remained till the spring of 



1843, when she came to Iowa and 
located in Harrison Tp., whete his early 
life was spent. He married Miss 
Josephine L. Anderson, daughter of T. 
0. Anderson, May 28, 1857 ; *she was 
born April 21, 1836, in Dcs Moines 
Co., Iowa ; her parents settled there in 
1832 ; they were natives of Kentucky. 
In the spring of 1859, Mr. Wilkinson 
came to his present foi'm ; in the spring 
of 1862, he went with a company of 
gold-seekers with ox-teams for Oregon ; 
arrived at Baker City after a long and 
tedious journey ; had three skirmishes 
with Indians ; lost two of their com- 
pany at Plum Creek, Neb., who were 
left at a watering-place to guard some 
wagons while the company pushed on ; 
about twenty-five Indians were am- 
bushed near the men, and, as soon as 
the company were out of sight, murdered 
them in the most brutal manner, chop- 
ping them to pieces with their toma- 
hawks, and plundered the wagons of 
what they could carry ; shortly after 
arriving at Baker City, Mr. Wil- 
kinson, in company with a Mr. 
Charles Fisher started out prospecting 
and came back over the mountains, 
making the first discovery of gold where 
Boise City now stands ; the news soon 
spreading brought lai-ge numbers of gold- 
seekers ; Boise City was soon established, 
and Mr. Wilkinson appointed Recorder 
of the District ; the following July re- 
signed and started for home, where he 
arrived in August; the following De- 
cember started back, went as for as 
Omaha, remained till spring, then went 
on to Virginia City, mined till the fol- 
lowing November, when he returned 
home ; since has devoted his time to 
farming and stock-raising; have one 
son — Charles E. ; lost one — Frank Gr. ; 
owns a farm of 160 acres, valued at $50 
per acre. Member of Friends' Church ; 
Greenbaekcr. 

Wilson, H. H., for. ; P. 0. Bis Mound. 

Wilson, N. T., for. ; P. 0. Big Mound. 

WOOLMAN, JOHN A., far., 

Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Clay's Grove ; owns 175 
acres of land, valued at S40 per acre; 
he was born March 24, 1835, in Co- 
lumbiana Co., Ohio ; parents emigrated to 
Iowa in the spring of 1842, and located 
near Salem, in Henry Co., where his 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



829 



father died April 14, 1877, and mother 
Aug. 19, 1877. Mr. Woolman married 
Elizabeth C. Baldwin May 24, 1864 ; 
she was born July 23, 1838, in Frank- 
lin Co., Ohio ; her parents were Sylvanus 
and Minerva Brewster, who emigrated 
to Iowa in 1839 ; located near Burling- 
ton ; came to this township in 1841, 
where her Hither died May 1, 1850; 
have two adopted children — Anna E. 
and Charles W. Mr. Woolman is a 
member of the Friends' Church, and 
Mrs. W. of the Cumberland Pres- 
byterian Church; Republican. 
WRIGHT, AI^EX ANDER, tar., 
Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Clay's Grove ; son of Rob- 
ert and Phoebe Wright, was born Sept. 
5, 1811, in Philadelphia, Penn. ; parents 
moved into Lancaster Co. the following 
year ; in his early life he commenced learn- 



ing the shoemaker's trade, which, no' 
suiting his fancy he learned the wagon - 
maker's trade. In 1832, he went to 
Juniata Co., worked at wagon-making 
two years, then to Cumberland Co., and 
worked at manufacturing threshing ma- 
chines, then returned to Lancaster Co., 
and worked at threshing machines ; 
April, 1840, started for the West via 
Cincinnati and St. Louis, up to Fort 
Madison, where he arrived Aug. 24, 
1840 ; came to a friend of the name of 
C. J. Price ; worked on a form for him 
a short time, then commmenced work- 
ing at carpenter and joiner work, which 
he followed till he came on his present 
farm in 1860, having purchased 320 
acres in 1847, for SI. 25 per acre ; sub- 
sequently sold eighty acres to Mr. Rafer. 
Mr. Wright has no family. Democrat. 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



ALLEY, L., far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 
Alley, L. D., far., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Ft. Mad- 
ison. 
Amborn, C, farmer, See. 33 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

ANDREWS, CMiBERT M., 

farmer and stock-dealer. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. 
■ Wever ; son of Joseph Andre^\;s ; was 
born in Chautauqua Co. N. Y., July 19, 
1841 ; when 16 years of age, with his 
parents, came to Lee Co.; received his 
education at the common school and 
academy. Jan. 10, 1872, he man-ied 
Miss Margaret Eads, daughter of Areh- 
abald and Margaret Eads, natives of 
West Virginia, who moved to Ft. Madi- 
son in 1840 ; her father, now deceased, 
her mother is a resident of Kansas. 
Mrs. A. was born in Grallia Co., Ohio, in 
. 1848. Soon after mai*riage they set- 
tled where they now reside, and own 
183 acres of land, valued at $50 per 
acre ; engaged in farming and also deal- 
ing extensively in stock. They have 
two children, a son and daughter — Dora 
E., born Dec. 22, 1874, and George J., 
born February, 1877. Republican; 
He is a member of the Baptist Church. 



ANDREWS, JOSEPH, farmer, 
Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Wever ; born in Herkimer 
Co., N. Y., July 31, 1811 ; when 22 
years of age, he married Mary Miller, 
daughter of Andrew Miller, of Oneida, 
N. Y., proprietor of the Burston Cot- 
ton Factory ; she was born April, 1812, 
and married at her native place, Jan. 
22, 1833 ; soon after they moved to 
Chautauqua Co., N.Y.; remained twen y- 
five years, and, in the spring of 1857, 
came to Lee Co.; the first two yeai-s, 
rented a farm in Pleasant Ridge Tp.; 
moved thence to where they now reside 
and own 155 acres, valued at $50 per 
acre. They have four children — Cor- 
nelia S., born 1834, wife of Samuel 
Van Scyoc, a farmer and dairyman of 
Piatt Valley, Neb.; Helen D., born 
March 14, 1837, the wife of O. A. Wol- 
cott, of Elkhorn City, Neb., farmer and 
dairyman ; Gilbert M., whose biogra- 
phy will be found elsewhere ; Edwin 
M., born May 15, 1846, enlisted in the 
30th I. V. I., in 1862, served fifteen 
months and was discharged on account 
of ill health ; married Sarah Kern, 
daughter of Thaddeus and Mary Kern, 
of Ft. Madison, born in Green BayTp., 



sso 



DIRBdOBT OF LEE COrisTT: 



in 1S56. Kepol^cacn. Mr. A. is sn 
&dToe&te of tenperance, and intoesced 
in all qustioiis a&cs^ii^ the pro^pass of 
the sge. 
Aitx. Hb^'. &r.. Sec- 13 ; P. O. Wercr. 

BALDWIN. AS HER, fer., Se^ 2- : 
P. 0. Fi- Madiscn- ' 
B.iliwia. Biiaion. fiir.. S. 34; P. O. xcrr 

BARXES. STEPHEX. ff J^ 

r . P- 0. r>ri::r:-rk : <;- of Mollis 
Bsroei. of Ecgiish. deseeni. 'srho was 
bom in 17SS ; married in Ihnches 
Ctv. X- T-. Charinr Proper, •wiio wss 
b<jm in the State of Xew York, in 
17S6 ; he died Fee-. ±2. iSi^J. ani was 
buried in the Quaker eeEiotery at Oin- 
t^'D Corcejs. Dutchess Co.. N. T. : sbe 
&d in FebrusTT. 1S73. aad was rrLri^3 
at Bee Kidp?, Knox Co.. Mo.; t}ie7 i ! 
ten ehCdren. five sc-iis and sre diU^i- 
tas ; Scepheai w^s the aiih ; he was 
bcdTo in Dutchess Co.. X. T., S^-c. 10, 
ISlo: June -i. ISoT. in the str of 
Xew Yc^. he married Miss J^^ihexh 
D. Jij. who was Ixtm in Penn>|Tr3raiaa. 
Fefo. 13. 1S17; she di^d at Poi^hkeep- 
sie, N- T.. April 21. ISSi*. karing one 
child. MsjT E.. K>ra Mareh 17. 1S39. 
wife 0^ Delanemi Doa^ias* a m^i^ of 
S>a>iland Co.. Mo. ; Jane 6. 1S40, he 
Bjarried Eiiabrdi Hcose, whc« was bom 
in Dutchess Co_ X. T., Maneh 19. 
iSlS: he wojked at his trade that of 
a carpenta-" until 1S46 : in the ^ain^ 
of that Tea-, he eime to I*ee Co.. and 
sealed where he now resides, his &rm 
eoc»sdBg of 15m aenes of knd. rah^d 
at $35 p»- ao^; ecntiotied his ir»^ for 
tw^e T^rs aibsr eomii^ here: kas. 
^K£' that cixe. devoeed »osir of kfe 
time to the cukiT^atioii and infvevtgser . 
c£ his Smn. His seeood wife died Jaz: 
4. «^ the pceseac jear. larii^ btros a 
~:~^:r, ^ir d>e paBt thiitr rears, of 
^:ia& OiBXch ; sbe Idt a £anh- 

: -:ue — Ge««e M.. bora Oet. Id. 

1>41. tBOsJed in -kh Iowa C^v,. ia 
F^'crairr. 1S62, and died v W«5 
P-iius. Mol, Maj 14 of the sausae year ; 
TVni C„ bean Jan 1. iSio; fee al5J> 
c- J-S5ed in the iaie war. aad sserred 
:i~:;. :7S :-':;i^-; js now a larmer of 
F.r^s::^: P.iijS Tp.; Gilben R., bora 
Feb. i. lSi7^ aaamed £B»a J. PsI- 
saestoa ; is a ioosia' caT ibis lajentT : 



Oscar S.. bom Nov. 27, 1S50; 
ried Miss LoaeLa. daughter of C^t. 
TuUiss. who was t<*m in Ohkn. and 
became an early seitler of Lee Co. ; en- 
listed as Captain of Cc«. G. -kh Iowa 
CaT.. acd di^ at Helena, Ark.. Fd». S, 
lSd3. kaving a wife and five childr^, 
31rs, Barnes the eldest : she was boar^ 
in Lee Co.. Joit 17. 1S52 ; they now 
re^de on the home iarm, and have 
three children — ^Dudley T.. bc^m Get- 
2. iS73: Suaansa^. boro Oct. 26, 1S75; 
Albert. b:m Jsn. 10. 1S76. Be5«h- 

BEAX. DATID \S .. irxex. Set 

13; P. O- Fen Miils- : :f Irish de- 
seeni; his greai-gririziiher. during the 
fir^s siHclement cf PennsyiTania ; enoi- 
giaied m]«a T-f"--5 - ': - '^- - -r-;-"- 
a family of : r i _ 

ware, M^.: __^ _:. 

married at :J r Marv S«r:_7 s 



.^\' - 



o jjce Lo.. 

. -- Bay 



- :.a:y ii5 ISIT: i_._ 

bom in ISl" 

now iiviai:; i£e 5t>x^a-I 

at TVes* Saleai, M:r:-fr C 

26. 1S45: in IS 

and engaged in : _: 

Tp. Ha- two years : 

State. XoT. 2i. 1:^7 . Idi^ 

E.^G-. Gresg, danidiier :f Silss Gresg: 

die w::? ^-r - '- : - -- ^^-^ 

1S51: 

rauaiL; _" 

1S77. : _ x 

thence :^ *,^c '^'_i. . _ 

srd i- MiTih, iS7r 

-iaaee, eoa&^sii^«.: 
s^ valued at $40 j 

laev have, three childieB — A.: 

boiis Det.^4. 1S74; Be^e X _^ 

6. 1S76 ; Miio W., Mai^ 2, Islk 

BepdbSean ; ^e a meaabfr or" tte Cht^ 

tian OsurciL 
Bindcft^Bj, F.. Mr„ S. 13 ; F. 0. WcTar. 
Bioeiway. Xatbaniei, Mr- Sec 9 ; P. Ol 

For: Midi^ffl- 
Biv>ciway. Mardn. 
Bock, McitQB. £ir„ Sec. z^i P. O. Fist 

Ma£s«n. 
BrECHEE, H^ ~ " ^ - 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



831 



sia, March 17, 1819. Married Miss 
Ciara E. Hunalt Nov. 6, 1849 ; born 
in Greruiauj April 14, 1827 ; came to 
New Orleans July 5, 1850, and July 
20, to St. Louis; Aug. 18, 1850, came 
to Fort Madisou and bought forty acres 
in West Point Tp., for which he paid 
§400 ; built a house in Fort Madison 
in 1854, on Lot 42 ; purchased a farm 
of 106 acres in Green Bay Tp., in 1870, 
for which he paid §3,000.50, on Sec. 
20. in 1870; purchased the farm where 
he now lives, in Washington Tp., of 200 

• acres, valued at 87.000. 

BURTOX, ISHAII, tar.. Sec. 28; 
P. 0. Fort Madison ; son of Levi Bur- 
ton, who was born in Maryland, and 
when 10 years of age, moved with his 
father to Guilford Co., Va., where he 
grew to manhood, and married Miss 
Betsy Lansford, who was born in Vir- 
ginia ; Levi Burton and his wife remained 
in Virginia about five years ; then 
moved to Kentucky, near Harrisburg ; 
thence to Indiana, when that country 
was beginning to settle up ; the country 
was so infested with Indians, they re- 
turned to Kentucky ; after the Indiaiis 
were quieted in Indiana, they returned 
to that State, and settled in Harrison 
Co., where Isham Burton was born in 
1811. and where his mother died in 
1814, leaving a fami'y of four children; 
Isham received such an education as his 
native county afforded at that early 
period. At the age of 22 years, he 
married Miss Lydia Harger, who was 
born in New York ; in 1813, her par- 
ents, Samuel and Eunice Harger re- 
moved to Indiana, when she was quite 
small ; in the spring of 1836, they re- 
moved to Iowa and settled at West 
Point, Lee Co., where he made the brick 
used in building the first church ever 
erected in the Territory ; they came 
Irom Indiana in an ox-wagon, and were 
four weeks on the road, often " sticking " 
in the sloughs and pulling out backward ; 
they remained at West Point some years, 
and then removed to Pleasant Ridge 
Tp. ; his wife's father visited Burlington 
and bought 100 acres of land that is 
now occupied in part by the Patterson 
car-stables; and, in 1846, Isham removed 
to Union Tp., Dos Moines Co., where 
he purchased 300 apres of land, and re- 



mained until 1861, when he purchased 
and removed to his present beautiful 
homestead of 320 acres, valued at §70 
an acre, near Fort Madison, and after- 
ward sold his Des Moines Co. land. He 
is a Democrat ; members of the M. E. 
Church since their youth . Mr. Burton's 
father married a second time; in 1842, 
removed to Iowa and settled in West 
Point Tp., remained until 1848 ; then 
moved to Des Moines Co., where his 
wife died in 1852, and he in 1860, at 
the age of 93 years. 

Burton, James A., far., Sec. 28; P. 0. 
Fort Madison. 

r^LO\]D, WILLIAM, tar., Sec. 12; 

\y p. 0. Wover. 

COURTRIGHT, HIRAM, far , 

Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Fort Madison ; of Hol- 
land ancestry ; was born in Franklin 
Co., near ('olumbus, Ohio, in 1815, 
where his father had settled from New 
Jersey in an early day. There in 1835, 
he married iMiss Isalael Switzor, who 
was born in the same county in 1817, 
and died in 1844, leaving two children 
— Elizabeth, born March, 1836, (^mar- 
ried Geo. Cloud, who died in service 
during the late war); John S., born 
Sept. 1, 1837 (a resident of Mis- 
souri, near Memphis). In 1846, ]Mr. 
C. again married Mrs. Eliza W. Fash- 
ner, daughter of James and Margaret 
Taylor, and widow of Joseph Fashner, 
who was born in Pennsylvania in 1816, 
and died in 1843, leaving one child — 
Margaret S., boi-n in 1841 (now the 
wife'of Isaac BeU of Cedar Tp. ' .^Irs. 
C. was born on the farm adjoining the 
one on which her present husband was 
born, March, 1821; in 1848, they re- 
moved to Woodford Co., 111.; to this 
county in 1853, and settled on the farm 
on which he now resides, consisting of 
160 acres, valued at S40 per acre; they 
have three children — Mary J., born in 
1846 (now the wife of S. W. Smith, of 
Oregon); Edward S., born in 1852 (now a 
resident of Kinsley, Kan.) ; and Julia 
A. P., born the 27tii of September, 1853 
(now the wife of W. A. Powell of Ce- 
dar Tp. Members of the M. E. 
Church. 
CRAIG, D. T., far., Sec. 24; P. 0. 
Fort Madison ; was born in Dearborn 
Co., Ind., in 1833 ; there he received 



832 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY : 



his education by attending the subscrip- 
tion schools three months in the year ; 
at 16, he began to provide for himself 
by working as a farm laborer ; in the 
fall of 1856, he came to Lee Co., where 
he followed his former occupation, and 
jobbing. Dec. 2.3, 1858, he married 
Miss Sarah Jane Hilmick, who was 
born in Hamilton Co., Ohio, October, 
1 837 ; after that he farmed by renting 
until 1 874, when he purchased his pres- 
ent place of residence, containing sixty- 
four acres of land, valued at $30 per acre ; 
they have eight children — James, born 
Oct. 17, 1850; Sarah H., Aug. 5, 
1861 ; Mary Eva, Sept. 6, 1863 ; John 
F., Dec. 17, 1866; Hannah E., 
Nov. 6, 1869; Angeline, Feb. 13, 
1871 ; Alvina, Feb. 9, 1874; Charles, 
Oct. 22, 1876. Democratic ; has held 
various township offices, and takes 
great interest in educational matters ; 
has accepted various school offices. 
Cutler, Otway, Jr., far.. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 
Fort Madison. 

DAVIS, GEOEGE H., far., S. 35 ; 
P. 0. Fort Madison. 
DA VIS,''JOHX F., far.. Sec. 3 ; P. 
0. Denmark ; son of Wm. and Ann 
Davis, nee Jenkins, natives of Wales ; 
in 1815, early settlers of Cincinnati, 
Ohio ; his father helped to launch the 
first steamer built at Cincinnati, They 
had ten children, five sons and four 
daughters still living; the second son 
John, was born in Cincinnati in 1819 ; 
when 8 years of age, his parents removed 
to Dearborn Co., Ind., where his mother 
died April, 1866, at 77 years of age ; his 
father in 1867, at the age of 82 ; five of 
the sons came to Lee Co., one daughter 
became a resident of Davis, the others 
remained in Indiana ; J. F. remained at 
home until in his 26th year ; then mar- 
ried Miss Jane Williams, daughter of 
Benjamin Williams and Annie Dodge ; 
he of New York and she of Vermont, 
but married and settled in Indiana. Mrs. 
Davis was born in Dearborn Co., Ind., 
in 1824 ; there married March 4, 1845 ; 
they came to Iowa by water via Cincin- 
nati, Cairo and St. Louis to Fort Madi- 
son, making the trip in two weeks; first 
settled in Green Bay Tp. ; moved in 
1851 to present residence, where they 
own 155 acresof land, valued at $30 per 



acre ; he was a Henry Clay Whig ; hav- 
ing no children of their own, in 1873 
they adopted the daughter of Uriah and 
Emily Skinner, of Ohio, who died near 
Denmark, leaving five children ; this 
was the youngest, born 1868. Mr. and 
Mrs. D. are believers in universal salva- 
tion. 

DAVIS, WM., farmer and stock- 
grower. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Denmark ; son of 
Ebenezer Davis, who was born at Canaan, 
Grafton Co., N. H., 1780, and married 
Sarah Scales, who was born in the same 
county 1790 ; had four sons and four 
daughters; the youngest of the sons, 
William, was born in Grafton Co., N. 
H., 1814 ; had a common-school educa- 
tion ; at the age of 16, began life as a 
farm laborer ; remained in his native 
county until 1836, then came to Ohio, 
and in the fall of 1838, to Lee Co. ; the 
following spring, he returned to Ohio, 
Athens Co., where he purchased a 
team, and with a load of fifteen 
cwt., returned to Lee, Co., com- 
pleting the drive in fourteen days. 
Sept. 9, 1840, he married Hannah, 
daughter of Ira Houston, one of the 
pioneers of Lee Co., from New Hamp- 
shire ; she was born in Lyndeborough, N. 
H., March 28, 1820, and died Oct. 9, four 
weeks after her marriaae. He worked 
two years for Parson Turner ; returned 
to his native State, thence to Lowell, 
Mass., where he married Laura, daughter 
of Deacon John Houston (she was a 
cousin of his first wife) ; was born at Lyn- 
deborough, N. H., 1813 ; returned imme- 
diately to Lee Co., and settled on the 
farm where he now resides, having pur- 
chased a claim of 200 acres before re- 
turning to New Hampshire, which he 
has since continued to cultivate and im- 
prove, and to add to until he now has 
565 acres of land, with convenient and 
well-arranged buildings, valued at $60 
per acre. Democrat. Both of his 
wives were members of the Congrega- 
tionalist Church. Mr. Davis held the 
office of County Supervisor for five years. 

DAVIS, WM. M., pioneer, carpen- 
ter and farmer ; P. 0. Fort Madison ; 
son of John Davis, who was a son of 
Basil Davis, born near the Potomac 
River in Virginia, and while still a 

• young man, on foot and alone, emigrated 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



833 



to Pennsylvania, then in its infancy. 
There he married Mary Mattox and 
settled in Beaver Co., where they raised 
a family of five sons and four daughters, 
of whom John was the third son, born 
in Beaver Co., Nov. 25, 1791. There 
he married Sarah Moore in April, 
1816 ; she was born in Centre Co., 
Penn., April 21, 1791. A few weeks 
after their marriage, he placed a feather 
bed upon his horse, upon which his wife 
mounted and with their cooking utensils, 
including a Dutch oven, strapped upon 
another horse, and walking beside, he 
journe;yed to Muskingum Co., Ohio ; 
there they settled in a heavy body of 
timber, which he proceeded to reduce to 
ashes and the land to a state of cultiva- 
tion ; they cleared up a large farm there, 
then removed to Morgan Co., Ohio, 
where they cleared up another, and, in 
October, 1838, again became pioneers of 
the "West and settled in Lee Co., where 
his son William now resides, and re- 
mained until their death, which oc- 
curred, the mother's in September, 1869, 
the father's March 21, 1877, at the age 
of 86 years, leaving a family of twelve 
children, of whom William M. was the 
eldest; born Feb. 25, 1817, in Mus- 
kingum Co., Ohio; received all of his 
education at a log schoolhouse; at 18, 
in company with George Herring and 
family, emigrated West ; arrived in Ap- 
panoose in June, 1835, where they 
worked, making fans for fanning-mills 
until the following September, when 
they crossed the river ; he remained 
with his uncle Herring until 1838, and, 
having entered a claim in 1837, he be- 
gan to improve and now owns 270 acres, 
valued at $30 per acre. In 1859, he 
married Miss Sarah G., daughter of 
James Anderson, of Crawford Co., 
Penn. ; she was born in IMeadville, 
Penn., Oct. 30, 1823 ; they have five 
children — Alma L., born August, 1860 ; 
Kate May, March, 1862 ; George E., 
June, 1864; William H., April, 1867; 
Sarah J., July, 1868. Of his father's 
family, the second was Basil E., now of 
Missouri ; James C, at Fort Atkinson, 
Wis., a physician ; Joseph, who died at 
Dallas, Tex., 1876 ; John W., of Marion 
Co., Iowa; Elisha, now of Texas; Geo. 
H., of this township ; Sophia A., whose 



biography appears in this work ; Mary A. , 
wife of A. L. Rice, whose biography ap- 
pears elsewhere ; Elizabeth, wile of Henry 
Densmore, of Arizona ; Nancy J., wife 
of Zeno F. Hopkins, of Kansas, now 
deceased, and Sarah L., of Fort Madison ; 
the youngest had grown to manhood be- 
fore a link was broken by death among 
the children. Mr. D. is a Jeifersonian 
Democrat ; says that he never voted in 
any State but Iowa ; members of the 
Christian Church ; Mrs. Davis was 
formerly a member of the M. E. Church 
at Meadville, Penn. 

Degen, John A., far.. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. 
Ft. Madison. 

Deighton, Wm. J., Sec. 14; P. 0. Ft. 
Madison. 

DEWEY, OEORGE IT., farmer, 
Sec. 18; P. 0. Fort Madison; was 
born in Lenox, Berkshire Co., Mass., 
in 1816; in 1838, he came to Iowa ; 
attended the first land-sales at Burling- 
ton, and purchased the land on which 
he has since resided, consisting of 320 
acres, which he now values at $25 per 
acre ; he remained one year, erecting 
his cabin and making improvements,, 
then returned to Massachusetts ; walked 
to Peoria, from which he started to 
walk to Chicago, but the stage overtak- 
ing him, took passage in it. In Massa- 
chusetts, he married Miss Chloe B. But- 
ler, who was born in Pittsfield, Mass., 
in 1817. Soon after returned to Lee 
Co., via Chicago, Galena and Mississippi 
River, being four weeks making the re- 
turn trip ; since which time, he has 
been steadily engaged in cultivating and 
improving his farm, which he has made 
one of the first in the county, with sub- 
stantial and commodious buildings and 
fences. They had ten children — George 
H., Jr., born Feb. 7, 1841, who en- 
listed in 1863, as private in 19th I. V. 
I., for one year, then detailed as Hospi- 
tal Steward and served for two years ; 
died in 1871 ; Eunice S., born Dec. 8, 
1842, the wife of N. F. Butler, of 
Missouri; Asaph C, April 8, 1844, a 
resident of Cahoka, Mo., who was in 
the 19th I. V. I.; married Miss Mary 
Riggs, of Missouri, July, 1874; Sarah 
E., born April 10, 1845, the wife of 
Wm. A. Tade, of Van Buren Co., who 
served during the war as Captain of a 



834 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



colored regiment ; James B., born Nov. 
29, lS4G.\iied at the age of 8 months; 
Nancy W.. born Feb. 4, 1848 (at home) ; 
Kate M., born Aug. 11, 1850, wife of 
John Tade, of MUls Co.; Howard M., 
born Jan. 23, 1852, on the home farm; 
Siar B., born Jul}- 27, 1853, also at 
home, and Frank M., born April 22, 
1855. Eepublican; Mr. and Mrs. D. 
and their daughter Nancy are members 
■of the Congregational Church ; the 
other members of the family are Bap- 
tists. Held the office of Justice of the 
Peace and Assessor for ten years. 

Dohson, Thomas, farmer. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 
Fort 31adison. 

DOW, \V. W., fiirmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. 
Denmark ; born in Canaan, Grafton Co., 
N. H., in ISIG ; at 24 years of age, 
went thence to Vermont. There he 
married 31iss Sally Metcalf, who was 
born in Grafton, N. H., April 17, 
1820 ; four years after, the}' came to 
Van Buren Co., Iowa ; resided iu Cedar 
Tp. sixteen years, where, April 17, 
1855, his wile died, leaving five chil- 
dren—Jane W., born Sept.^ 26, 1842, 
died Sept. 9, 1858; Lydia M., born 
May 1, 1845, the wife of Stephen Yass 
■of tjtali Territory ; Frank W., born Jan. 
12, 1849; Wyrnan E., born April 17, 
1852; and Irli V., boru Nov. 18, 1854, 
who married Miss Lily Rice, and is a 
farmer of Lee Co. June 10, 1857, Mr. 
Dow married Jerusha Waterman, who 
was born in Athens Co., Ohio, Aug. 27, 
1825; they have two children — Mary 
E., born March 7, 1858, and Arthur 
W., born Feb. 13, ISGO. Eepublican ; 
has held the offices of Township Trust- 
ee, Township Clerk and various school 
offices. 

Duncan, H. W., Sec. 3; P. 0. Denmark. 

DYE, HEXR Y, former, Sec. 22 ; P. 
0. Fort Madision ; was born in Miami 
Co., Ohio, in 1814. In 1837, married 
Miss Nancy Dye, daughter of Andrew 
Dye, who was born in same county, in 
1819 ; she died within a year after their 
marriage, leaving one child — Andrew, 
born June, 1838, who enlisted iu the 
2d Mo. luf at the breaking out of the 
late war, and died at St. Louis, iu 1862 ; 
The year following the death of his 
wife, Mr. Dye came to Lee Co., lo- 
cated iu Cedar Tp., where he soon after 



married Jane, daughter of Willoughby 
Mockelwaite, now deeeased, who was 
from the North of England, and came 
to Morgan Co., 111., resided for ten 
years, and, iu 1839, came to Lee Co. ; 
she was born in England, in 1822 ; aft- 
er spending six years in A"an Buren 
Co., he came to this township, and pur- 
chased the firm now owned by W. F. 
Snapp ; thence to his present residence. 
Owns 280 acres valued at §40 por acre ; 
in 1861, he was again left a widower with . 
a family of eight children ; the eldest, 
Sylvester, born May 22, 1843, was also 
in the late war; enlisted with 19th 
Iowa Inf ; participated in many of the 
heaviest battles, and was a prisoner for 
ten months at Morganza, Texa5, but 
participated in the last battle of the re- 
bellion ; now a former of Pottawattamie 
Co. ; Mary A., born Feb. 25, 1845, the 
wife of Kobt. Gilmer, of California ; 
John, born Aug. 29. 1847, a farmer of 
Pottawattamie Co. ; G-eorge S., born 
Aug. 29, 1847. who is now conducting 
the home farm ; Willoughb}', born April 
14, 1852, a dealer iu general merchan- 
dise at Macedonia, Pottawattamie Co. ; 
Charles H., born Aug. 23, 1856, a grad- 
uate at Denmark x\cademy, now in 
Oberlin College ; Lottie, bors Sept. 22, 
1859, died Oct. 27, 1866. H;\s been 
Justice of the Peace for several years, 
and has held various township offices as 
well as school offices, having always 
taken an active part in educational mat- 
ters ; is a member of the Claypoole Lodge 
of the A., ¥. & A. M.,at Fort Madison. 
Democrat. 

EBERLINa COXKAD, for.. Sec. 33 ; 
P. 0. Fort Madison. 
EATOX, GEO. C, former. Sec. 4 ; 
P. 0. Fort Madison ; born in Worces- 
ter Co., Mass.. November 9, 1805 ; son 
of Jonas and Sally Eaton, nee Powere, 
of New England nativity, dating back 
to the Mayflower ; at the age of 8, his 
father died, and he was educated by a 
cousin. In 1828, he married Mary 
G-oodrich, who was born in Worcester 
Co., Mass., in 1795, and died in 1832, 
leaving two children — Julia, born in 
1829, died in 1843, and Lucian, horn 
Sept. 24, 1831. During the late war, 
was Captain of a company : participated 
with Frank Blair iu the taking of Camp 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



835 



Jackson, then a commissioned officer 
stationed at St. Louis, that being the 
headquarters of the department. He 
was an active worker in the Temperance 
cause ; he took Gen. Grant's deposition 
in the Babcock whisky case, at Wash- 
ington, as counsel of the Government 
in a whisky case ; now a prominent 
lawyer of St. Louis, a Register in Bank- 
ruptcy and U. S. Commissioner. Mr. 
■Geo. Eaton afterward married Abigail 
Nichols, who was born in the State of 
New York Feb. 28, 1803; she died in 
January, 1860, leaving three children 
Mary A., born Aug.'lS, 1836, a suc- 
cessful teacher, with an experience of 
thirty-two terms in school; Louisa M., 
born July 19, 1839, the wife of Wm. 
Vanhyningj'of Des Moines; Helen S., 
born Aug\ 19, 1841. Mr. E. was an 
Old-Line Whig, then active in original 
Republicanism, now a Liberal Demo- 
■crat ; liberal in religion ; his first wife 
was a member of the Unitarian, and 
his second, of the M. E. Church. After 
the death of his first wife, he removed 
to Denmark, N. Y. ; there he married 
his second wife ; thence to St. Law- 
rence Co.; in 1846, to Lee Co.; re- 
mained two years in Denmark, thence 
to his present place of residence ; has 
held the office of Justice of the Peace 
twenty years ; has also been Assessor. 

Eofi; Leonard, far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Eofi", William S., far., Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

TPRASSMEYER, M., far., Sec. 31 ; P. 

Jo 0. Fort Madison. 

FIEL.I), CHARI.es, fatmer, Sec. 
5 ; P. 0. Denmark ; born in Peter- 
boro, N. H., in 1817 ; he received 
an education at the common schools of 
the day, with two terms at the acad- 
■emy; at 21, he went to Lowell, Mass., 
and enga<i;ed in the manufacture of cot- 
ton for the print works; in 1837, he 
came to Lee Co., purchased a claim 
where he now resides, and owns lOO 
acres of land, valued at $55 per acre. 
In 1842, he married Miss Electa Brock ' 
way ; her parents, Titus, of Vermont, 
and Nancy B., nee Wilson, of Herki- 
mer Co., N. Y., were married in Trum- 
bull Co., Ohio, in 1838; came to Lee 
Co., Washington Tp., where her mother 



now resides ; her father died in 1853 ; 
Mrs. Field was born in Hartford, Trum- 
bull Co., Ohio, in 1824; they have 
three children — Hattie A., born May 
25, 1846, the wife of Elijah F. Cowles ; 
Henry S., born Jan. 6, 1853; C. F., 
born Sept. 10, 1859. An Old-Line 
Whig, now a Republican. Has held 
the office of Town.ship Trustee and 
school offices ; a member of the Anti- 
Horse-Thief Association. 
Fraune, Henry, far., Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

QELDNER, L., far., Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
Fort Madison. 

Gedney, Wm., far., Sec. 12 ; P. O. Fort 
Madison. 

Gibbs, B. F., Sec. 29. 

Gillan, Isaac, far.. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

GREGG, SILAS, far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 
0. Fort Madison ; of English origin ; 
his great grandfather was born in En- 
gland ; emigrated to America, and set- 
tled in Southwestern Virginia ; there 

his grandfather, Gri'egg was 

born. Married Miss Comber, and 
settled near Knoxville, Tenn., where his 
father, Thomas Gregg, was born in 
1798 ; when young, was taken by his 
father to Edwardsville, Madison Co., 
111., where they remained until the death 
of his parents, soon after which he re- 
turned to Sangamon Co., near Spring- 
field, 111., and in the spring of 1822, 
married Miss Keziah Roberts, born in 
Kentucky Nov. 23, 1806; had ten 
children ; two sons and four daughters 
grew to manhood and womanhood, the 
most of whom are settled in the West ; 
Silas, the eldest, was born near Spring- 
field, 111., July 25, 1823 ; at 4 years of 
age, moved, with his parents, to Adams 
Co., 111., thence to Wisconsin, near 
Mineral Point; the fall of 1829, to 
Quincy, 111. ; the spring of 18'57, they 
came to Lee Co., and settled at their 
present place of residence ; he received 
his education at the common schools, 
with six months at Denmark Academy ; 
the winter of 1844 and 1845, he tau'zht 
the first school — a business he has fol- 
lowed in his own and adjoining dis- 
tricts, without intermission during the 
winter months, and has taught several 
terms of summer school by request. 
10 



836 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



In November, 1S4S, he married Miss 
Abby A. Hornby, daugbter of John H., 
whose biography is to be found else- 
where ; she was born in Maine Sept. 
17, 1823; he owns 110 acres of land, 
valued at S35 per acre ; they have three 
sons and one daughter ; Sarah E., born 
March 3}: 1851— the wife of D. W. 
Bean, a farmer of this township ; Os- 
car, born March 4, 1854 ; S. W., born 
April 18, 1859 ; George W., born Sept. 
12,1861. Republican. Mr. and Mrs. 
Gregg, their daughter and eldest sons, 
are members of the Christian Church ; 
has held office of Justice of the Peace 
for ten years ; Township Clerk, and was 
Assessor for Denmark, Washington and 
Green Bay Townships ; also took the 
United States census for Washington 
Township in 1865 ; Secretary of the 
Board of Education for a number of 
years; in 1870, was elected School In- 
spector, in which he served until that 
office was abolished by law. 
ORECJ<^, WM. C, for. and carpen- 
ter; was born in Washington Tp., 
this county, on the farm where he now 
resides Oct. 17, 1838; he received his 
education at Brush College. August, 
1862, he married Miss Adelia G., 
daughter of Dr. Johnson and Hannah H. 
Phares ; she was born at Ft. Madison 
Feb. 17, 1838; her father was one of 
the first physicians of Ft. Madison, and 
erected the first frame house in the city ; 
he was born in Cincinnati, Ohio ; his 
wife at Watertown, N. Y., where they 
were married ; he had in New York a 
good practice, but almost abandoned his 
profession on coming to Lee Co., where 
he was the first to start a store for the 
exclusive sale of dry goods ; he died in 
1842 ; her mother in 1S7G, at 69 years 
of age. Soon atler his marriage, Mr. 
Gregg enlisted in the 30th I. v!" I., Co. 
I ; participated at the battles of Arkan- 
sas Post, Vicksburg, all through Look- 
out Mountain, Atlanta, Savannah and 
Sherman's march to the sea, with eigh- 
teen mouths' hospital duty ; was mus- 
tered out at Davenport, Iowa, May, 
1865. They have three children- 
Hannah May, born May 5, 1866 ; Wal- 
do, Aug. 2, 1869; Gladyes, May 17, 
1874. Neutral in politics. Owns the 
farm where he was born, contain- 



ing ninety acres, valued at $45 per 

OITHKIE, EL.IZA AXX, for . 

Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Denmark ; Mrs. Guthrie" 
is the daughter of Aaron Van Pelt, 
who was born in Sussex Co., N. J., 
June, 1780, where he married Elizabeth 
Gilliland, also born in New Jersey, Jan. 
2, 1787; they afterward removed to 
Marietta, Ohio, and subsequently to 
Meigs Co., in that State, where her 
fother died Sept. 2, 186.', and her 
mother Sept. 11, 1870. Mrs. G. is one 
of nine children, six still living — Maria, 
born Feb. 28, 1809 ; Jacob, born Doc. 
8, 1810, died Oct. 1, 1852; Eliza A., 
born Sept. 25, 1812 ; Daniel, born Aug. 
31, 1814, died Nov. 9, 1824; Catha- 
rine was born Nov. 2, 1815 ; Susan was 
born Sept. 7, 1817, died March 7, 1856 ; 
Charlotte was born Sept. 1, 1821 ^ 
Aaron was born July 17, 1823 ; Patience 
M. was born Feb. 20, 1827, died Sept. 
22, 1868. Eliza A. was 5 years of age 
when her parents removed to Ohio, 
where, March 2, 1834, she married 
Milo Guthrie, son of Joseph Guthrie, 
who was born in Athens Co., Ohio, 
March 5, 1809 ; after marriage, they 
commenced the battle of life in the house 
on the form where they were married, 
and where they remained thirty-two 
years ; in 1866, they removed to Iowa 
and settled on the farm now occupied by 
Mrs. G., consisting of 165 acres, valued 
at §50 per acre ; had three children — 
xlnnie M., born Feb. 12, 1835, and, on 
her 23d birthday, Feb. 12, 185S, mar- 
ried Joel E Cowdry, of Denmark Tp.: 
Edwin N. was boru Jan. 29, 1840, and 
died Jan. 21, 1846 ; Annie L. was born 
Sept. 24, 1847, and married, Feb. 4, 
1869, Robert Peoples, of this township. 
Mr. Guthrie was a consistent and re- 
spected member of the Christian Church 
for thirty years previous to his death on 
the 13th of August, 1874, leaving many 
friends and but few enemies. His first 
vote was cast for Gen. Jackson for Presi- 
dent in 1832, and he adhered to the 
Democratic faith throughout his life. 
Mrs. G., both her daughters and Mr. 
Cowdry, her son-in-law, are members of 
the Christian Church. The parents of 
Mrs. Guthrie's husband, Joseph Guth- 
rie and hLs wife, were born in Conuecti- 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



837 



cut; moved to Ohio in J 790 ; settled in 
Carthage Tp., Athens Co.; they died, 
he at the age of 81 . she at 96. He was 
a minister of the M. E. Church ; she a 
member. Had eight children — Wm., 
Chas., Amy, Harriot, Sophia, Milo, 
Aurilla and Joseph ; four are still living, 
two in Meigs Co., Ohio, the others in 
Monticollo, Lewis Co., Mo. His oldest 
brother, Truman Guthrie, sowed the 
first bushtl of wheat in Ohio in 1795 on 
the Ohio Kiver, in Washington Co., 
Newburg Tp., about twenty-five miles 
below Marietta. At that time, Indians 
were the inhabitants and the first set- 
tlements of whites were made. 

HAYES, ISAAC D., far.. Sec. 2 ; P. 
0. Fort Madison. 
HARRIXGTOX, JOHX, farmer, 
Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Denmark ; born in Rut- 
land Co., Vt., in 1812; and, when 2 or 
3 years of age, his parents removed to 
Washington Co., N. Y. ; there he lived 
until 14 years of age, when his parents 
moved to Oswego Co., N. Y., where his 
father soon after died ; when 21 years of 
age, John left home and came to Medina, 
now Summit Co., Ohio, where he re- 
mained for two years; in 1836, paid a 
visit to Lee Co., and wintered at Warsaw, 
111. ; the following July, returned to 
Medina Co. Married Elizabeth McNeil, 
daughter of John McNeil, of that 
county ; she was born in St. Lawrence 
Co., N. Y., in 1820 ; remaining two 
years in that county ; removed to Logan 
Co., Ohio, and the fall of 1843, to Lee 
Co., and settled on land now owned by 
Alex. Lanther ; in 1847, moved to jH'es- 
ent residence, where he now owns 120 
acres, valued at $40 per acre ; they 
have five children — Mary, born in 
Lawrence Co., Ohio, June 7, 1838, the 
wife of Josiah Brockway, of Des Moines 
Co., Iowa; Ozro, born Sept. 26, 1840, 
in Logan Co., Ohio, a resident of Kan- 
sas; Alvina, born in Logan Co., Ohio, 
Oct. 16, 1842, the widow of Chauncey 
W. Eggleston, formerly of Denmark Tp. ; 
Alonzo, born in Lee Co., March 20, 
1844, now of Marion Co., Iowa; Sylva 
A., born July 4, 1852, died March 7, 
1861 ; Elizabeth A., born Sept. 14, 
1855, the wife of Harvey Newby, of 
Dakota, Turner Co. Ilepublican ; mem- 
bers of Baptist Church. 



Hayes, Omer T., far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

HAYES, SAMUEL F., farmer, 
Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Fort Madison ; his father, 
Job Hayes (of Swedish and English an- 
cestry), was born in Pennsylvania in 
1791 ; his father (S. Fs'.,a grandfather), 
a Revolutionary soldier, came to America 
about the year 1750, and his mother, 
also of English birth, about the same 
time ; her father was also a Revolution- 
ary soldier ; Mr. Job Hayes, when 1 6 
years of age, came with his parents to 
Ohio, Hamilton Co., where his father 
was killed by the Indians. He there 
married his second cousin, Joanna 
Hayes, born in Brownsville, Penn., 
1799 ; they were married June 29, 
1820; they had ten children, six still 
living ; Samuel F., the youngest, was 
born in Hamilton Co., Ohio, in 1841, 
and, with the family in 1846, came to 
Lee Co., first settling at West Point; 
moved thence to his present place of 
residence, where his father died in Feb- 
ruary, 1868 ; his mother Nov. 25, 
1873 ; their family settled in Lee Co., 
except one brother and one sister, who 
remained in Ohio. Jan. 1, 1866, he 
married Miss Elizabeth M. Marsh, 
daughter of Benj . J. M . , whose biography 
appears elsewhere ; she was born in this 
county, near Brush College, Nov. 2, 
1845. He is a Democrat. Mrs. Hayes 
is a member of the Christian Church ; 
his parents were members of the M. E. 
Church ; he is a prominent member of 
the Red Ribbon Club at Fort Madison. 
On the 17th of March, 1862, he en- 
listed in the 17th I. V. L, Co. C ; dis- 
charged on account of disability the fol- 
lowing November. Mr. Hayes has in 
his possession a cane cut by his father 
in 1820, near New Orleans, on Jack- 
son's battle-field, from a crooked crab- 
tree. 

Hansman, F., far.. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

HERRING, JOHN R., farmer. 
Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Ft. Madison ; son of Geo. 
Herring, who was born in Pennsylvania, 
June 17, 1781, his parents being early 
settlers of that State; when 14 years 
of age, he was sent by his flither to Bea- 
ver Co., near Pittsburgh, to hold a 
claim purchased there soon after the 



838 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



treaty with the Indians ; he passed his 
time in hunting;, etc.; he was visited by 
Mike Fink, a noted pioneer hunter and 
trapper, whose history has since been 
pubUshed. May 1, 1806, he married 
Fanny Rowland, who was born Oct. 5, 
1782 ; had nine children. In 1813, they 
became early settlers of Morgan Co., 
Ohio, where he engaged in hunting, his 
wife following him with a horse, carry- 
ing in the pelts and hind-quarters of the 
deer, with which they paid for their 
land, on which they remained until 1835, 
when they came to Appanoose Co., and 
the following fall to Lee Co., settling 
near the line of West Point and Wash- 
ington Tp., where, in 1841, Mrs. Her- 
ring died, and in 1843, Mr. Herring 
married Nancy Hamilton, with whom 
he lived until his death, Dec. 10, 1867, 
at the advanced age of 87 years. But 
three of his children are now living, 
John R., the youngest, was born April 
2, 1824, in Morgan Co., Ohio, remain- 
ing at home until his father's second 
marriage ; then, for a time, attended 
school at Ft. Madison, after which, his 
father having given himself and sister 
each 40 acres of land, they erected a 
cabin and began to improve the farm. 
After raising a crop, he loaded a flat- 
boat and took it to New Orleans, which 
proving successful, he made thirteen 
successive trips, employing a man to 
conduct his fxrm in the mean time ; in 
1849, he resumed farming, threshing 
during the season for that branch of in- 
dustry ; in 1852, in company with Jef- 
ferson Hopkins, of this township, took 
the overland route to California ; ar- 
rived at Sacramento the last of July ; 
went thence to Nigger Hill, where he 
joined a company in putting a flume in 
the x\merican River, which proved unsuc- 
cessful ; he left and visited Forbestown ; 
thence to Gibsonville, the Yuba 

and Feather Rivers, the first two years 
in mining, then in a store, clerking for 
a year ; thence to the Mikora and Scotch 
Rivers, mining for a time ; thence to 
Cottonwood, near the Oregon line ; 
thence to Beaver Creek ; then went to 
Eureka and piu-chased a claim which he 
worked for a time, but not proving a suc- 
cess abandoned it and worked by the 
dav for the balance of that season. Oct. 



1856, he married Miss Mary E., daugh- 
ter of Joseph and Abigail Prince ; she 
was born in]Portland, Maine, Oct. 25, 
1822 ; lived there until 9 years of age, 
when her mother died, and her father 
took her to Belfast where her fiither left 
her ; she remained there a few years, 
went thence to Salem, Mass., then to 
Boston, where she was engaged in do- 
ing house-work, in genteel families, for 
five years ; thence to Newburyport 
and Newmarket, N. H., and, after visit- 
ing the principal cities in seven diff"er- 
ent States, went to California, via Pan- 
ama, where she met Mr. HeiTing and 
was married. October, 1857, via the 
same route, returned to the States, to 
their present place of residence, since 
which (with the exception of five years 
spent as Gruard at the Penitentiary) he 
has been cultivating and improving his 
farm, which now contains 215 acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre. Have one 
child, George Denny, born June, 1863. 
jMr. Herring was a Democrat, but since 
the firing the first gun at Ft. Sumter, 
has been a Republican. Mrs. H. is a 
member of the 31. E. Church. 

Hesse, Joseph, fiir.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Hoflman, Robert, far.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

HUCt^HES, HUGH W., tar., Sec. 
27 ; P. 0. Fort Madison; son of Sam- 
uel Hughes, who was a son of Capt. 
John Hughes, born in Chester Co., 
Penn. ; a carpenter by trade, but at the 
breaking-out of the Revolution, enlisted, 
and served through the entire cam- 
paign ; came out as Captain ; married, 
and had five sons and two daughters ; 
the fourth sou was Samuel H., who was 
born in Washington Co., Penn., in 
1786 ; was raised a firmer ; learned 
the carpenters' trade, which he followed, 
in 1807, he married Mary, daughter of 
Hugh Workman, one of the early and 
prominent settlers of Borough Wash- 
ington, Penn; she was born at the 
same place, same month and year as her 
husband; they had twelve children, six 
sons and six daughters ; the eldest son, 
Hugh W., was born in Washington, 
Penn., in 1812; lived there until 
1 6 yeai-s of age ; learned the tanner's 
trade, and worked as an employe until 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



889 



20 years of age, then, with a cousin, 
Hugh W. Sample, engaged in general 
merchandising, at Dake's Mill, seven 
miles from his native town ; continued 
for four years, after which he engaged 
in farming on his father's farm ; in the 
fall of 1838, he visited the Western 
country ; attended the land-sales at 
Burlington, as well as the Territorial 
Legislature, hold there at that time, 
where he saw many of the notables of 
this Western country ; purchased a 
tract of land, which afterward proved to 
be in Van Buren Co., which he after- 
ward exchanged with his former part- 
ner in business, for property in Fort 
Madison ; tliat he exchanged for the 
Hickory Grove farm ; he returned to 
Pennsylvania, and the following Jan- 
uary, married Miss Mary, daughter of 
Robt. McComb, whose biography ap- 
pears elsewhere ; she was born in Wash- 
ington Co., Penn., in April, 1820 ; 
in October, 1840, they came to Lee 
Co., and settled on the Hickory Grove 
farm ; in 18.50, he sold out, and pur- 
chased the E. D. Ayers claim, which is 
known to be the oldest in this part of 
the county, where he now resides, and 
owns 280 acres, valued at $45 per acre. 
In 1842, his wife died, leaving one 
child — Robert, who died from disease 
contracted in the army, in January, 
1863. In 1844, he married Ann 
Eliza, daughter of David Hillis. an 
early settler of Van Buren Co.. from 
Washington Co., Penn. (in 1843), 
where she was born, April 18, 1820 ; 
they have five children — Mary, born in 
1846; Martha, born in 1848; Charles 
H., born in 1851 ; Samuel F., born in 
1853; Anna E., born in 1861. Dem- 
ocratic. Mr. and Mrs. H. and family 
are members of the Baptist Church at 
Fort Madison ; he is one of the original 
members, and Deacon. He was County 
Commissioner in 1848 and 1849 ; 
aft ei ward County Supervisor. 
HYDE, CHAkLES J., far., S. 34 ; 
P. 0. Fort Madison ; son of Reuben C. 
Hyde, whose fiither was Captain Jede- 
diah Hyde, born at Norwich, Conn., 
and a descendant of the pilgrim Hydes, 
who came over from England in the 
Mayflower. Captain Jcdediah settled 
at Hyde Park, Vt.. where he was 



granted a township of land for services 
rendered in the French and English 
war, and where he married Miss Maria 
Waterman, also a native of Connecti- 
cut ; the issue of this marriage was 
sixteen children, eleven sons and five 
daughters — Reuben C. was the sev- 
enth child, and was born in 1784 ; he 
remained with his parents at Hyde 
Park until he was 12 years of age, when 
Col. Udney Hay took him to Burling- 
ton Vt., where he was educated until 
23 years of age, when he married Miss 
Jane Ann Hay, only child of his bene- 
factor. Col. Hay was a native of Aberdeen , 
Scotland, and came to America as a 
British officer in the navy ; he was as- 
signed to the command of a fleet on 
Lake Champlain ; but, refusing to fight 
against the Americans, he was impris- 
oned at Quebec ; he was afterward re- 
leased, and, leaving the British service, 
joined Gen. Washington, by whom he 
was appointed Quartermaster General, 
with the rank of Colonel ; after the 
war he purchased a township of land in 
Vermont, from Jacob Underbill ; he 
subsequently settled in the city of New 
York, where he was employed as a land 
agent, and took an active interest in 
political aff"airs. Col. Hay married 
Miss Margaret Montgomery, who was 
born in Ireland in 1743, and emigrated 
to America with her brother Richard, a 
British officer, who joined the Ameri- 
can forces, and fell at the battle of Que- 
bec. The subject of this sketch was the 
first born of Reuben C. and Jane Ann 
Hyde, and was born in New York City 
Sept. 28, 1801 ; after the death of his 
father, who received a fatal wound 
while leading his regiment at the battle 
of Bridgewater, his mother being left 
without means, removed to Ticonderoga, 
N. Y., where Charles J., then about 15 
years of age, engaged in a lumber-yard; 
there he remained until 1825-26, when 
he was admitted as a partner and placed 
in charge of the company's interests at 
Henry, near Montreal. In 1830, he 
married Miss Lucy, a daughter of Rev. 
Henry G. Sherwood, of the M. E. 
Church, who afterward became a Mor- 
mon Apostle ; soon after his marriage 
he returned to New York City, where 
he continued in the lumber business ; 



840 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



subsequently, he removed to Kirtland, 
Ohio, where he became owner and man- 
ager of the saw-mill erected by Bishop 
Whitney, of the Mormon Church ; he 
afterward returned to New York, and 
in 1837, with a carriage and nine horses, 
started for Iowa, reaching the Missis- 
sippi River in two months ; soon after 
his arrival, he secured the claim to the 
land he now occupies, and, in 1838, 
started' a livery -stable at Fort Madison, 
and a stage-line between Fort Madison 
and Keokuk; in 1841, he established a 
second stable at Nauvoo, renting a sta- 
ble from Jo Smith, and boarded in his 
family. When Jo Smith was killed at 
Carthage, June 27, 1844, he conveyed 
the news of his death to Mrs. Smith ; 
in 1840, he settled his family on his 
present homestead, where two years aft- 
erward, his wife died, leaving five chil- 
dren — Henry S., Jane A , Udney H., 
Sallie A. and William S.; Ik; afterward, 
in 1844, married Miss Elizabeth, daugh- 
ter of John and Barbara Lamb, from 
Pennsylvania, by whom he has had two 
children — Emma L. and Charles J. 
Mr. Hyde was elected Justice of the 
Peace under Territorial jurisdiction, but 
declined to serve ; he was elected and 
served three terms on the County 
Board of Supervisors, and various town- 
ship ofiices ; in his 78th year, he served 
as Road Supervisor. He is Democratic 
in politics ; Mrs. Hyde is a member of 
the Baptist Church. His homestead 
consists of 160 acres of land valued at 
$25 per acre. 

JACKSON, JOHN, far.. Sec. 19 ; P. 
0. Fort Madison. 
Jackson, T. S., far.. Sec. 19; P. 0. Fort 

Madison. 
Janse, Hector, far., Sec. 34; P. 0. Fort 

Madison. 
Johnson, E. A., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Jones, Peter P., far., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

KERN, DANIEL H., far., Sec. 25 ; 
P. 0. Fort Madison. 
KERN, EMANUEL. A., farmer. 
Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Fort Madison ; son of 
Thaddeus Kern, who was born .in 
Alsace, France, in 1808; emigrated to 
America and settled in Fairfield Co., 
Ohio, where he married Miss Mary A. 
Burk, who was also born in France, in 



1815 ; came with her parents to x\mer- 
ica, and settled in Fairfield Co.; had 
nine children, eight still living. Eman- 
uel, the third son, was born in Fairfield 
Co., in 1840 ; when 2 years of ago, 
his parents removed to Iowa ; first set- 
tled in Burlington, remained about two 
months, then came to Lee Co., and set- 
tled in Marion Tp., where the father 
engaged in farming, having previously 
followed mercantile pursuits ; they re- 
mained in Marion Tp. eight years, then 
removed to Green Bay ; the father died 
in Washington Tp., in October, 1875; 
the mother is now a resident of Madi- 
son Tp.; Emanuel A. remained at home 
with his parents ; attended the district 
schools when not at work on the farm, 
until March, 1871, when he Diarried 
Miss Nancy A., daughter of James 
Lauther, Sr., who was born in Juniata 
Co., Penn., in 1844; soon after his 
marriage, he settled on the farm he now 
occupies, which contains ninety-one 
acres, valued at $45 per acre. They 
have two children — Samuel E., bora 
September, 1873, and John A., born 
August, 1877. Mr. Kern is a Demo- 
crat ; his wife is a member of the Pres- 
byterian Church. 

Keutch, Katben, far , Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 

KNAPP, JONAS S., far., Sec. 
28 ; P. 0. Fort Madison ; was born in 
Orange Co., N. Y., Sept. 5, 1821 ; he 
was the son of Gen. John H. Knapp, 
the founder of the city of Fort Madi- 
son, the history of which will be found 
elsewhere. Jonas Knapp arrived with 
the family at the new settlement, pre- 
viously selected by his father, Oct. 9, 
1835, at which time Fort Madison con- 
tained but four families. After his 
father's death, which occurred Jan. 4, 
1837, the fiimily moved on the claim 
now occupied by him, which had been 
located by his father. At the age of 
23 years, he married Miss Mary, daugh- 
ter of Col. William Stewart, then re- 
siding at West Point; they have five 
children — Harriet B., Stewart W., 
Fletcher J., Libbie E. and Carrie A. 
Mr. Knapp's farm consists of 240 acres 
of highly-improved land, with good 
buildings, houses, barns and everything 
conveniently arranged; in short, it is a 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



841 



model homestead, with a place for every- 
thing, and everything in its place. The 
first plowing Mr. Knapp ever did was in 
the little corn-field made by his father, 
about where Morrison's Plow Works 
are now situated in Fort Madison ; this 
was in 1836. 

Knemeyer, F. W., far.. Sec. 25; P.O. 
Fort Madison. 

Koelmer, Henry, far., Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Krogmeyer, Stephen, far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Fort Madison. 

LANGE, JOHN C, far., Sec. 12 ; P. 
0. VVever. 
liAUTHER, AliEXAl^DER, 
farmer and stock-raiser. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Ft. 
Madison ; born iu Juniata Co., Penn., in 
1824 ; his father, James Lauther, was 
also a native of Pennsylvania. Alexan- 
der was employed on the farm until at 
the age of 22, he entered a store at Peru 
Mills, same county. In April, 1849, he 
started on a tour of the Western States 
on foot, from Pittsburgh, which he 
reached by canal-boat and packet ; he oc- 
casionally staged short distances, but 
most of the journey was on foot, fre- 
<juently at the rate of thirty miles per 
day ; from Niles, Mich., he went by rail 
to New Buffalo, thence by steamer to Chi- 
cago and Milwaukee, Wis. ; he worked 
in the harvest field near Beloit that sum- 
mer, and as help was scarce, was well 
ctimpensated. From Peru he reached 
Peoria by boat, went back in the country, 
and worked at stripping soapstone from 
stone-coal ; then taught school nearKick- 
apoo Creek, fifteen miles from Peoria, at 
$45 per month ; the next winter taught 
in Knox Co. for three months, at $18 per 
month ; worked at farming in the sum- 
mer ; went to New Orleans and spent the 
winter of 1850 and 1851 ; in the spring 
came to Lee Co. and worked as a laborer 
at $13 per month ; the next spring taught 
.school in what is now Buck's College. In 
the spring of 1 853, he visited his native 
State ; returned, and in August purchased 
ninety acres of land, where he now re- 
sides ; taught school in the winter, and 
in the spring of 1 854, returned to Penn- 
sylvania and married Miss Martha J., 
daughter of Moses [rwin ; she was also a 
native of Juniata Co., Penn. ; had five 
children, three now living — James J., 



born Dec. 9, 1855 ; died May 23, 1858 ; 
Samuel A., Feb. 21, 1858; Ellen E., 
April 6, !860, died April, 1862,; Annie 
M., March 28, 1862 ; Clara P., Se])t. 5, 
1864. They lived two years in Nebraska, 
then came to present location ; own 448 
acres, valued at $50 per acre. Members 
of the Presbyterian Church at Fort 
Madison, of which he is an Elder. 
liArTHER, S. M., fir.. Sec. 15 ; P. 

0. Fort Madison ; born in Juniata Co., 
Penn., 1842 ; when 14 years of age, re- 
moved to Lee Co., and settled on the 
farm now occupied by the subject of this 
sketch ; he attended the district /schools 
and Brush College until he was 21 years 
of age, when, Oct. 15, 1863, he married 
Miss C. J., daughter of William Burton, 

• who settled in the county in 1835. His 
wife was born in West Point Tp., iu 
1843; have two children — Cora A., 
born Nov. 13, 1865, and Myrtle M., 
July 15, 1869. Democrat; Members 
of the Presbyterian Church. 
IiAlJTHER,EIiIZABETHJ., 
farmer, Sec. 15, P. 0. Fort Madison ; 
daughter of Thomas Jacobs, who was 
born in Juniata Co., Penn., in 1794, 
where, on the 1st of December, 1818, 
he married Rosana, daughter of James 
Shaw ; she was born near Carlisle, Penn., 
on the 27th of May, 1794 ; Thomas 
Jacobs and his wife settled at Water- 
ford, Penn., where he engaged at the 
business of a tailor, having learned that 
trade ; they afterward removed to Ger- 
mantown, Penn., where he died March 

1, 1834, leaving three sons and one 
daughter, Elizabeth, who was born in 
Germantown in 1833 ; soon after her 
father's death, her mother returned to 
Waterford, where Elizabeth was raised 
and educated. On the 29th of Janu- 
ary, 1852, she married James Lauther, 
who was born in that county Sept. 1, 
1826; in 1854, they came to Iowa, 
where they first settled on the farm now 
owned by Omer Hayes. About 1858, 
they purchased the farm where the 
family now live, which consists of 200 
acres, valued at $45 per acre ; in March, 
1871, the husband and father, James 
Lauther, was called from '' labor to re- 
freshment," leaving three children — 
Rebecca, born in Pennsylvania March 
7, 1853, the wife of William Eoff, 



842 



DIRECTORY (»F LEE COUNTY ; 



laniu'v and stock-dealer, of this town- 
ship ; Jainos M., horn in March, 1855, 
and is the mainstay and snpport of his 
cxcclknit and hii;hlY-rcsp(>ctod mother, 
and !:Minagor of the farm ; Margaret 
,)., born in March, 18(i1 ; Thomas B. 
was born in March, 18154, and died in 
April, 18(1(). The Lauther family came 
of Presbyterian parentage, of which 
Church i\Ir. ljauthi>r was a respected 
and intluential member at the time of 
his death ; Mrs. Lauther and her chil- 
dren are also members of that Church. 
Liddle, William 0., farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. 
Madison. 

MoCOlU), WILLIAM L., farmer, 
Sec. 20 ; V. O. Madison. 
inc€i>M B, W IIJ i I A HI , deceased, 
son of Robert McConib, who was born 
in Washington Co., Penn., March ?A, 
1783 ; his wife, Isabella McComb, was 
born in the same county on the 1st day 
of November, 178!). They were married 
December 5, 1805 ; they emigrated ['von\ 
Pennsylvania, and were among the early 
pioneers of Lee Co. ; they iirst settled 
on the firm now t)ccnpied by Frank 
Harder ; they had ten cliildrcMi — Mar- 
garet, wife of William Mason, 
of this township ; Eliza married David 
Hill, now deceased ; she now lives in 
Pennsylvania; Jane married Mr. Cooper, 
both deceased ; Mi>rcy married Hugh 
W. Hughs, and died in 1812 ; Mary A. 
died the same year ; bjllen, wife of J oseph 
Pierson, of Nevada Co., Cal. ; William, 
the eldest son, was born in Washington 
Co., Penn., flanuary, 1808, and grew to 
manhood iinchn- the parental roof; edu- 
cational advantages were limited, and 
W^illiam always lamented the fact that 
his surroundings were such as to cramp 
and cripple his desire for a good educa- 
tion. Oct. 4, 18GI), he married Miss 
Ruhama, daughter of John Van Horn, 
of Illinois; after marriage, they settled 
on Sec. 22, in this township, and com- 
menced the battle of life; their first 
child, llobert William, was born Aug. 
11, 18G7 ; Lulu May, born Sept. 25, 
18(iS) ; the third child, James, was born 
April 2;}, 1872, and died Aug. 10, 1872; 
the mother died April 2(i, 1872; the 
father, William MeComb, died May 21, 
1877, leaving two children, who are be- 
ing raised and educated by (Jeorge B. 



\Vade and wife, their uncle and aunt — 
Mrs.AVade heiiig a sister to their mother ; 
■Mr. Wade was born in Monongalia Co., 
Va. ; at 10 years of age, he was bound 
to a tailor to serve until he was 21 years 
itf age, but ran away the spring before 
his time was out ; went to Monroe Co., 
31o., and engaged as a laborer. In the fall 
of that year he married Plu«beJ. Van 
Horn,who was born in Buchanan(\),,Va., 
Jan. 28, 1812; in 18l!:>, he enlisted in 
the Missouri State service, and served 
four months and twenty days ; when the 
cause of the Missourians began to look 
dark, the forces to which he belonged 
disbanded, and Wade moved over u> 
riancot^k Co., 111., and, in 18(50, he came 
to Lee Co., and settled in this township. 
William McComb was a man universally 
recognized as the nobl(>st work of Uod — 
an honest man — and during hisn^sidence 
in Lee Co., tilled various otficcs of public 
(rust. Me was a Member of tlie Pres- 
byterian (^Imrch. 

lIcClllKAIIl, lill Y A.; P 0. 

Port i>L»dison ; daughter of Daniel 
MoCrc^ady, who was born in Ireland 
May 2, 1707; of Scotch and Irish 
ancestry ; received a liberal education ; at 
the age of 14, with liis parents, came 
to America ; started with seven ohil- 
dren, three of whom were buried at sea. 
Tlu7 iirst settled near Knon Valley, 
Penn. ; there tlu>y engaged in farming ; 
her father afttuward purchased a half 
interest in a store, where he continued 
business until 181(5, (hen marriml Mar- 
garet Douglass, of Ohio ; she was born 
on the Wes(ern Reserve, in I'ennsyl- 
vania, and there married ; soon after, ht^ 
sold out his business, and they i-emoved 
to Ohio, thence to Clarke Co., lnd.,near 
Utica, and (or a time engaged in teach- 
ing, then farming; in the spring of 
18;}8, thoy came to Lee Co., and after 
living one year in Madison, came to 
what is now the Morrison farm, this 
township, thei\cii to their present place 
of residence; tlu! farm contains 120 
acres of land, valued at $45 per acre. 
Tn 1818, Mr. McCready began taking 
observations of the weather, which after- 
ward he re[H)rted regularly to the Smith- 
sonian Institution, at Washington; this 
he continued until three days jirevious 
(0 his death ; his daughter has sine*- 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



848 



made the report; he died April 13, 
1872 ; hiw wife March 2(j, 1H77, leaving 
a family of four children — William, 
born in Ohio, Oct. 5, 1H17; Maria L., 
born May 27, 1820, and died in Decem- 
ber, 187H; Mary M., born Sept. 24, 
1828, and the subject of this bioj>;raphy, 
who was born in Clarke Co., Ind., Dec. 
19, 1832, the two last named having 
remained with their parents until their 
death, and still occupy the home vacated 
by them ; t)thers of her mother's family 
had preceded them to Lee Co. ; her 
brother James was at Madison ; was 
killed at the explosion of the steamer 
Moselle, on the Mississippi River, in 
1837 ; a brother William at West Point; 
John in Van Buren Co., and Charles 
near Charleston, this county — all pio- 
neers to this county ; her father held 
the office of County Clerk by appoint- 
ment, when the county seat was at 
West Point, and again elected to the 
office, after the county seat was re- 
moved to Fort Madison ; also ekicted 
County Commissioner ; was Justice of 
the Peace for years ; was Assessor for 
Green Bay, Washington and Madison 
Townships at the same time. 
McCRKAI>Y, WII.I.IA1I, far , 
Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Fort Madison ; born in 
Columbiana Co., Ohio, Oct. 5, 1817 ; 
when 2 years of age, his parents emi- 
grated to Clarke Co., Ind.; there, at the 
age of 10, he attended school, walking 
two miles, frequently barefooted, to a 
log schoolhouse ; had for eight years a 
three-months' term each winter ; in 
the spring of 1837, with his father and 
family, he came to Lee Co. May 13, 
1852, he married Miss Melvina C, 
daughter of Clayton and Juliet Mont- 
gomery, of Schuyler Co., 111., formerly 
of Kentucky, who came to Illinois in 
in 1835 ; she was born in Adair Co., 
Ky., in 1833; they settled in this town- 
ship, near the residence of his father, 
until 1 874, when he purchased the farm 
on which he now resides, of 135 acres, 
valued at $35 per acre. They have 
eight children — Juliet, born in May, 
1853; John C, April 9, 1855; Mary 
M., Oct. 19, 1856; George D., June 
19, 1858 : Charles H., Jan. 1, 1861 ; 
Fred, Nov. 6, 1865 ; Sylvester C, May 
17, 1869; Minnie, June 4, 1874; all 



born in Jjee Co., and all at home ; have 
received liberal educations. Mr. McC. 
is a firm Democrat ; Mrs. McC. and 
their eldest daughter are members of 
the M. K, Church. He has held most 
of the school and township offices. 
McNeill, AMOS, farmer, Scc. 4; 
P. 0. Denmark ; of Scotch origin, from 
Whiting, Vt.; in 1813, when in his 2d 
year, his father removed to the Western 
Reserve, now Medina Co., Ohio; his 
father refused to give a silver watch for 
160 acres of land where Akron now 
stands, and settled six miles distant; 
when Amos was 12 years of age, his 
mother died, and, about the same time, 
his father lost his sight and became 
dependent upon his children ior support; 
they were scattered to different parts of 
the country ; Amos was bound to a 
farmer named Gadyale, who afterward 
joined the Mormons at Salt Lake City ; 
Amos learned the stone-cutter's trade, 
which he has since followed. July 6, 
1837, he married Miss Linda McNeill 
(his cousin), daughter of John McNeill, 
who died in Lee Co. Jan. 20, 1852; 
her mother died in Mahaska Co. three 
years later. In September following 
their marriage, they moved to Warsaw, 
III., where h(! followed milling, and 
worked at his trade two and a half 
years ; thence to Lee Co., this township, 
and settled on the farm now occupied 
by O. T. Hayes ; three years after, he 
moved to the section where he now owns 
146 acres, valued at $45 per acre. 
They have five cliildren — Elias, born in 
September, 1840 — enlisted with the 
Engineers of the West in 1861, and 
served through the war; Alvin, born in 
December, 1842, also a soldier in the 
late war; enlisted in the 7th 1. V. I. in 
1861, was discharged and re-enlisted in 
the 30th I. V. I., in 1862, in which he 
was detailed as forager, and, after many 
narnow escapes, mustered out at the 
close of the war ; he is now a resident of 
Colorado ; Alice K., born in December, 
1844, the wife of W. J. Musser, a car- 
penter of Denmark, from Pittsburgh, 
Penn., married Dec. 15, 1878; Jona- 
than E., born in December, 1850 ; 
Reuben C, in December, 1 853. Re- 
publican ; Mr. and Mrs. McN., with 
two of their children, are members of 



844 



DIRECTORY OF LEK COUNTY : 



the Baptist Churoh, slie of titty years' 
standing. Ho has never sousiht oltico. 

MoNoiU, Klias, far., S. 3 ; P. 0. bonmavk. 

McNoill, Salmon, far.. See. '2, ; \\ 0. Don- 
mark. 

Mak'om, John, far., Sec. ?A ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Mardor, Frank, far., 8oo. 27 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

MAKSII, B. J., farmor, See. 14; 
P. 0. Fort Madison ; son of Wm. 
Marsh, born in New York ; moved 
to A'^inconnes, Ind. ; married Lodisa 
Knight, a native of Connecticut ; mar- 
ried during the war of 1812, he 
bearing arms at the time ; in 1839, they 
became pioneers to Leo Co., bringing 
with them their family of eight childron, 
of whom, B. J. was the iifth ; born in 
Preble Co., Ohio, in 1822, and with his 
parents canio to IjOo Co., this township, 
where his father died, in 1852, and his 
'mother in 1877, at the ago of 80 
years. Tn Soptombor, 1814, he married 
Miss Lamson MinoiT, who was born in 
Virginia in 1824, and died in 1847, 
leaving one child — Flizaboth, born in 
1845, the wife of Samuel F. Hayes ; 
Dec. 14, 1848, he married Martha, 
daughter of Elijah Lake, who came to 
Lee Co. in 1844, from Lidiana (^sinee 
deceased) ; she was born in Dearborn 
Co., Ind., in 1829. In 1852, they 
came to their present place of residence, 
a small farm of twenty acres, well im- 
proved, and valued at $50 per acre. 
They have three children — Laura V., 
born in 1800; Cora M., born in 
1864; Daniel, born in 1800. Mem- 
bers of the Christian Church. He has 
held the office of Justice of the Peace 
for a long tern; of years; has also boon 
Constable, and has hold various school 
offices. 

Marsh, David C, farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. 
Denmark. 

MAKNH, J, i:., farmer. See. 2 ; P. 
Flirt Madisi)n ; borii in I'roblo Co., Ohio, 
Dec. 23, 1817, and Dec. 23, 1837 Oiis 
20th birthday) ho married Miss Martha 
A. Williams, who was born in the same 
county Dec. 10, 1821 ; in 1839, they 
came to Lee Co., settling where ho now 
resides, and owns 150 acres of land, val- 
ued at |145 per acre ; they have ten chil- 
dren — Jasper, who married M. A.Saun- 



ders, now of Poweshiek Co. ; Emeline 
married Kphraini Snitt", since deceased ; 
Wesley marrioil Mary vlroat, and culti- 
vates the honu> farm; Rebecca J., the 
wife of Anu)s Snitf, of Rhihaska Co. ; 
Hansom married Martha J. Mct^ritf 
now of Weston, Iowa ; Monroe, also iif 
Weston, Iowa; Martha, the wife of 
Wm. Liddle of this township ; Eddy, 
Jane and floseph. Neutral in politics ; 
members of Christian Church. 

1IAK8H, ^1 lIliFOR l>, f u-n.or. See. 
22 ; P. 0. Fort Madison ; son of James 
Marsh, who was born in I'reble Co., 
Ohio, in 1802. There married Annie 
McDaniel, wlu) was born in Kentucky, 
in 1 808 ; they first settled in South 
Caroliiui, returned to Ohio, and, in 1840, 
to this county, where they lived for 
thirty years, and, in 1870, removed to 
Anderson Co., Kan., where ho died in 
1873, his wife having died in 1872, 
they raised a family of six children — 
Mary A., born in Preble Co., married 
A. 11 . Morton, of Leo Co., and died in this 
township in May, 1870, at 47 years of 
ago ; Martha, who became the third 
wife of A. H. Morton, died January, 
1874, aged 42 years; the third Mulford, 
born in Preble Co., Ohio, in 1SI>S, was 
2 years of age when brought to this 
county by his parents, who settled on 
the farm where he now resides, cojisist- 
ing of 80 acres, which he values at $45 
per acre. Nov. 18, 1857, ho married 
Miss Molinda Marsh, daughter of Sam- 
uel 11. IMarsli, also from Preble Co., a 
resident oi' California since 1853; she 
was born in Ijoc Co., in 1841 ; they 
have one child — IJello, born April 12, 
1859 ; INh\ M.'s sister, Lucinda, mar- 
ried David Adams, of Harrison Co., 
Ohio, and died Jaimary, 1805 ; his 
brother Stei>hon marrieil ALiria Kerny, 
and died in Anderson Co., Kan., Sep- 
tember, 1874; his wife in • August of 
the same year ; Harristtn, the youngest 
brother, married Emily Imther; died in 
same eounty, Kansas, Septond)er, 1868. 

Mason, Robert, farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. O. 
Ft. Madison. 

^IAlSOi\, WILLI A^I, farmer. Sec. 
28; P.O. Ft. Madison; son of Alex- 
ander Mason, who was btu'u Fiust of the 
Alleghany Mountains, in Pennsylvania, 
whore he married Klizabeth Simonton, 



WASmN(iTON TOWNSIUP. 



845 



alfc^o boni in that viciiiity ; liud ten chil- 
<lren — three sons and aoven dauj2,hterH ; 
William, the eldest son, was born East 
•uf the Alleghanies, in IHOiJ ; when 1 
year of aj^c his parents removed to 
Washington Co., Penn., where, June 
30, 18:} 1, h<! married Miss Margaret 
McComb, daughter of Robert MeComb, 
whose biography appears els(!where ; she 
was born in Washington Co., Penn., 
1800 ; in 18:-}7, they remov(!d to Jeffer- 
son Co., Ohio, and in 184li, to their 
present place of residence. His farm 
<-ontains (18 acres of land, valued at $70 
per acre. They have had (^l(!V(!ii chil- 
<lren, eight sons and one daughter still 
Jiving — Alexander, born in Pennsylva- 
nia, May 2;>, lH)i2, a resident oi' Min- 
neapolis, Minn., but formerly a success- 
ful merchant in St. Louis; Robert M., 
born in Pennsylvania, Dec. G, 18l};>; is 
the only son at home ; Elizabeth, the 
only living daughter, was born in Penn- 
sylvania March 10, 18;}6, remains at 
home with he)' parents; John K., born 
in Ohio, March 11, 1 838, a carpenter 
bv trade, resident of Oregon ; William 
€., born in Ohio, Dec. 21, 18:{!), a phy- 
sician at Walnut Bureau Co., III.; he is a 
graduate of the Keokuk Medical Col- 
lege, and served through the late war, 
in which he was wounded, after which 
he served as Hospital Steward ; Samuel 
J., born in Ohio, April 1, 1841 ; he also 
H(!rvcd in the , late war ; was badly 
wounded and discharged ; is now a 
money broker in St. Louis; David H., 
born in Iowa, Feb. 15, 184l>; resides at 
Alexandria, Mo., and is engaged in the 
American Sabbath School work ; James 
8., born in Iowa, Nov. 25, 1844, and 
died November, 1875 ; Thomas H., was 
born Dec. 2G, 184G, a farmer in Kansas; 
Walter L.,born Dec. 5, 1848, also farm- 
ing in Kansas ; Isabel, born Feb. 2G, 
1852, and died Aug. 9, 1852. Mr. Ma- 
son is a Republican ; the entire famiiy 
are members of the Presbyterian ('hurch, 
of which Mr. Mason is an Elder, the 
father and mother uniting in Pennsyl- 
vania when they were (juite young. 

Manshein, Clemens, far., Sec. 31 ; P. O. 
Fort Madison. 

Manshein, John, far., S. HI ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Mills, Ezra, far., S. 5 ; P. O. Denmark. 



Meyers, F. W., far., S(!c. 33; P. O. Kort 
Madison. 

HITCIIEI.I., JOHN, J r., farmer, 
Sec. 10 ; P. O. Fort Madison ; his father. 
John M., Sr., was born in County 
Derry, Ireland, in 1794. In 181G, mar- 
ried Miss Mattie Burr, born in the sanx; 
county in 1795; they had six childnm, 
four of whom cam(; to this country ; the 
eldest, Margaret, born in 1818, married 
Nathaniel Ilumjthnys, came to America 
in 1841, settled in Philadelphia, where 
she died in April, 1874; Hannah, born 
October, 1820, came over to Philadi^l- 
[)hia in 1848, where she married Krancis 
Snowd(!n and still resides; Jcjlin was 
born in May, 1823, learned the trade; of 
linen-weaver of his father ; in 1844, 
came to America, remained thirte(;n 
months in New York Cit^, weaving 
carpets; went to Philadelphia, where he 
married Jane Brewster July 3, 1849 ; 
she was also a native of County Derry, 
Ireland ; lost her j)arents when young, 
and, with a brotlusr and two sist(;rs, 
came to America in 184G ; in 1851, 
they came to Van Buren Co., Iowa ; a 
year after, Mr. Mitchell left his family 
with a brother-in-law, and went over- 
land to California, with a company of 
twenty-six men, four women and six 
children, with thirteen wagons ; they 
organized under the leadersliip of Capt. 
Stone, of Illinois, and left Council Bluff's 
May 17, 1852. The cholera prevailed 
to an alarming extent all along their 
road until they passed the mountains, but 
owing to the good care of Dr. Murdock, 
of Fort Des Moines, they passed through 
safely ; reached their destination Sept. 
13 ; Mr. M. remained four years en- 
gaged in mining with moderate success ; 
returned via Panama, N. Y., and Phila- 
delphia ; reached home in May, 185G, 
and, a year after, settled at their present 
residence, the farm first settled by Cy. 
Ross, who brought the first rat to this 
township in a box of fruit-trees from K<;n- 
tucky ; the farm now consists of 150 
acres, valued at $G0 per acre, with 
brick residence which cost $3,500, and 
is well improved ; they have five chil- 
dren — John, Jr., born July 3, 1851 ; 
Mattie J., March 25, 1857; Charles 
B., Aug. 4, 1859; Mary A., Dec. IG, 
1865 ; Maggie H., June 13, 1870 ; Mr. 



846 



PIRECTORY OF I.EE COUNTY 



M.'s youngest brother, Benjamin, was 
born in Connty Dorry in 1825 ; eume 
to America with his sister Hannah, and 
settled in Phihidolphia ; worked as a 
laborer, then as a wirpet-weaver : in 
1854, went to California in 18G5, and 
turned to Philadelphia ; in 18lit>, mar- 
ried Jane Houston, and died in Novem- 
ber. 1870. Their mother died in 1828 ; 
father in 1845. 

Morrison. Joseph, far.. See. 21 : T. O. 
Ft. Madison. 

910KR1N0X. IIIRIAII, tar. 
Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Fort Madison ; daughter 
of John and Mary Baugh ; the former 
a native of Nortli Carolina ; the latter, 
of A'irginia, afterward settled in Ken- 
tucky ; before the war of 1812, moved 
to Jefferson Co., 111., but during the 
trouble then existing with the Indians, 
returned to Kentucky, where they re- 
mained until peace was restored, and 
ag-ain came to Illinois, where they died, 
leaving a family of seven children ; 
Mrs. Morrison was the eldest daughter ; 
she was born in Madison Co., 111., near 
Edwavdsville, May 11, 1810; at the 
age of 17, man-ied William Kelly, who 
wa.>* born in Pennsylvania Oct. 10, 1807 ; 
raised by a fiimily named Dixou, and 
brought to Illinois when a child ; he 
died in 1820, leaving two children-;- 
Oeorge D., born in 1827, now of Texas, 
and Emily, born in 1829, who married 
Dennis Montgomery, both now de- 
ceased. In 1833, she married Joseph 
Morrison, who was born in Washington 
Co.. Tenn.. on the same vear, month 
and day as her first husband ; with him 
she came to Lee Co. in 183G ; first 
bought and improved a place at Fort 
Madison, and remained for two years; 
ri'moved to her present place of res- 
idence, where she owns 234 acres of 
land, valued at §45 per acre ; she has 
ten children — William F., born in Illi- 
nois Aug. 26, 1834, now of Nebraska ; 
John H., born in Lee Co. in 1836, now 
of Palestine, Tex. ; Margaret A., born 
in December, 1839, the wife of A. 
Skiles, of Nebraska ; Mary E., born 
Jan. 9, 1842. wife of Richard Miek- 
elwaite, of Glenwood, Iowa ; Martha J., 
born Feb. 25, 1844, of Mills Co., Iowa; 
Louisa A., born March 14, 1S4G, wife 
of Henry Ware, of Montixonierv Co.. 



111. ; Joseph G., born Feb. 2, 1848, at 
home; James E., born Aug. 17, 1849, 
attorney at law, at Plattsmouth, Neb. ; 
Ivoseann C. born Jan. 8, 1851, wife of 
A. A'ai\hyning, of Lee Co. ; Sarah M.. 
born Dec. 3, 1852. Mrs. 3Iorrison is 
one of the pioneer mothei-s of Lee Co. ; 
has raised a large family of children — 
all honest, industrious citizens ; she has 
thirty-nine grand and great-grand chil- 
dren. 
IIOKTOX. ALEV. 11.. Jr., 
farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Fort Madison ; 
son of Alex H. Morton, Sr., who was 
born in Newcastle Co., Delaware, in 
1782, and married Rebecca Harris, a 
native of the same county, born in 
1785; had three sons and three daugh- 
ters ; the youngest son, Alex H., Jr.. 
was born in Newcastle Co., Del, July 
2, 1819 ; had but limited advant^iges of 
education, and that before 1.3 years of 
age; lost his father at 2 years of age; 
at the age of 1 1 , with his mother and 
family, removed to Butler Co., Ohio, 
where he commenced learning the tai- 
lor's trade when 13 years of age, and 
served four years as apprentice, at Ox- 
ford, in that county ; he followed his 
-trade without intermission until 21, 
having traveled like most journeyman 
tailors ; he visited Indiana, Illinois, 
Ohio and Iowa, working in the princi- 
pal citie-s in those States, visiting Iowa 
in 1838 ; he then farmed, by renting, 
for two years, and when in his 2od year, 
married Miss Rebecca Ilawley, who 
was born in Ohio, near the Little Mi- 
ami River, in 1825; they remained in 
Ohio until 1850, moved thence to St. 
Joseph Co., lad., and in 1853, came to 
Lee Co. ; passed the first winter with 
J. 0. Smith; in the spmug of 1854. 
they came to their present residence, 
where he owns 167 acres of land, val- 
ued at $35 per acre. In January. 
1854, his wife died, leaving five chil- 
dren — Zalmon H., born in Indiana. 
Jan. 13, 1843; J. P., born in Ohio, 
Dec. 1, 1844; Vercelious, born in Ohio, 
July 25, 1846; William, born in Union 
Co., Ind., in 1848; Martha J., born in 
Indiana, April 2, 1853. He married 
Mary A., daughter of James Marsh, a 
pioneer of Lee Co.. from Preble Co., 
Ohio ; she was born in Preble Co.. Ohio,. 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



847 



July 31, 1824, died May 15, 1871, 
leavinp; five children — IClla, born March 
14, 1855; Kate, born May 20, 1857; 
Rebecca, born Nov. 1,1858; Charles, 
born Sept. 28. 1860 ; Viola, born June 
2, 1862. April 24, 1872, married 
Martha Marsh, sister of his second vpif'o, 
who was born in Preble Co., Ohio, Nov. 
19, 1829; she died Jan. 31, 1873. 
Democrat. His first wife was a mem- 
ber of the M. E. church, the second 
and last of the Baptist. 
MYERS, JUISTUS M. T., form- 
er and naturalist. Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison ; born in Perry Co., Ohio, 
May 3, 1842, and the following October 
came with his parents to Lee Co., Ft. 
Madison, where his father, Joseph F., 
soon after established himself in the 
drug business ; continued for thirty-five 
years until the death of his wife in 
1877 ; J. M. T. remained with his 
father, engaged in the store, until 1864; 
thence went to Illinois and remained 
four years; then farmed until 1871, 
when he married Miss x\nn C, daughter 
of Thaddeus and Mary Kern, natives of 
Alsace, France ; emigrated to America, 
and were early settlers of Ohio, then of 
Lee Co.; her father died at Ft. Madison 
October, 1875 ; her mother is still a 
resident of that city; she was born 
March 11, 1851, at St. Paul, this coun- 
ty ; they first settled in Green Bay Tp., 
on the old Territorial or telegraph road 
from Ft. Madison to Burlington ; he 
soon after discovered in an elevation of 
the road opposite his house the skeletons 
of thirty-two human beings interred, 
each in a tomb of flat stones and ap- 
parently in a sitting posture ; these have 
since been distributed among different 
medical institutions of the States; Mr. 
Myers first began the study of natural 
history and geology when a child of 3 
or 4 years, and appeared to have inherit- 
ed a natural desire for that branch of 
science ; his talent for scientific re- 
searches attracted the attention of U. S. 
Geologist David D. Owens, who per- 
suaded his father (against his will) to 
allow him to continue his collections ; 
he has accumulated some 15,000 geo- 
logical specimens and 2,000 distinct 
species (some rare and valuable ones) in 
entomology ; from that he branched off" 



to ornithology ; he exchanged entomo- 
logical and geological specimens with 
Prof James Hall, of Albany, N. Y.; Dr. 
D. M. Castle, of Philadelphia ; Frank 

Zesch, of BuftUlo, N. Y.; Or- 

rienecke, of the same place; Samuel 
Auxer, of Lancaster, Penn.; Deitz, of 
Hazelton, Penn.; Bowditch, of Brook- 
liiie, Mass.; E. P. Austin, of Boston, 
Mass.; G. N. Dunn, of San Francisco ; 
G. W. Dodge, of Glencoe, Neb.; he has 
exchanged from 300 to 500 specimens ; 
among his relics, is a piece of the Mor- 
mon Temple, representing the hand of 
Gabriel, the sword which originally be- 
longed to Jo Smith, the Mormon, a 
poisoned ball fired at Scott's men at the 
siege of Mexico, and a great number 
from the late war; and ruins of Pompeii ; 
retaining his farm in Green Bay, in 
April last, he removed to his present 
place of residence, one mile north of the 
business center of Ft. Madison, where 
he owns his residence, with nine acres 
of land. They have three children — 
Mary L., born March 2,1872; Catha- 
rine G., Sept. 25, 1875, and Joseph 
F., Jr., Dec. 25, 1877. Ho is a Demo- 
crat ; member of the Catholic Church, 
and a member of the Red-Ribbon Club 
at Ft. Madison. 

Myertholen, H., far.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 
Fort Madison. 

"VTEWBEL, JOHN, far.. Sec. 22 ; P. 

_LM 0. Fort Madison. 

Newton, J. W., far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

IVEWTON, SARAH, far.. Sec. 8 ; 
P. 0. Denmark ; grand-daughter of 
Hezekiah Hazen, who was born in Con- 
necticut, and when (juite a young man, 
with six brothers, settled at Hartford, 
Vt., when that State was a wilderness ; 
where he married Sarah Marsh, whose 
parents were also among the early settlers 
of the Green Mountain State; had seven 
sons and four daughters ; Mrs. Newton's 
father, Dan, the third, was born at 
Hartford, Vt., March 12, 1790, where 
he married iVbigail Batcheldor, who 
was born at Stratford, Vt., Sept. 2, 1789 ; 
had three sons and three daughters, the 
youngest daughter, Mrs. Newton, was 
born at Hartford, Vt., Jan. 21, 1823, 
and March 5, 1855, married Charles 
R. Newton (son of David Newton), who 



848 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY : 



was also born at Hartford, Vt., Dec. 9, 
1822 ; soon after their marriage, they 
removed to Iowa, and settled on the 
farm where Mrs. N. now lives, consist- 
ing of 100 acres of land, valued at $45 
per acre, and where Mr. Newton died 
April 14, 1869, leaving four children — 
Jasper, born Dec. 15, 1855; Solon, 
Nov. 18, 1858 ; Sabra, May 31, 1861, 
and Dan, March, 1866. 

ORM, FRANK, far., Sec. 22 ; P. 0. 
Fort Madison. 

P RANGER, THEODORE, 
far., Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Fort Madison ; born 
in Washington Tp. , Lee Co., 1852, and 
in 1875, he married EHzabeth Borgfectel, 
who was born in West Point Tp., 1852 ; 
they have one child — Jennie, born May. 
1877. Democratic in politics, and 
member of Catholic Church. 
"DICE, GEORGE A. 

REICHEI.T, AUOrST, of 
Reichelt Brothers, farmers and man- 
ufacturers of brick and tile. Sec. 13, 
sons of John Reichelt, who was born in 
Prussia, March 31, 1821 : at the age of 
25, married Mary Veronica Heinze, who 
was born in Prussia Dec. 18, 1824, and 
on April 27, 1856, with his family, 
which now consisted of wife and five 
children, embarked for America; ar- 
rived at Burlington on July 4, of that 
year ; invested his all in eight acres of 
land in this township, leaving him in 
debt $60 ; among people of his own 
country and tongue in this vicinity, he 
sought employment, and they, taking ad- 
vantage of his ignorance of wages paid 
at that time, kept him hard at work at 
40 cents per day for three years, which 
(although his wife took in washing 
whenever it could be obtained) at the 
the prices then of the necessaries of life, 
scarcely kept the family from want, and 
they often suffered from hunger ; at one 
time he sent his sons, August and John, 
to mill with a bushel of corn ; and a hen, 
the price of which paid for grinding ; 
while waiting for their grist at Madison, 
one of them picked up an oyster-can, 
which he supposed his mother could 
utilize. On their way home, having 
gone to the mill before breakfast, 
they stopped to let the old mare graze, 
and the boys being hungry, milked the 



mare into the oyster can, mixed the 
milk with corn-meal and made their 
breakfast of it. The father began to 
learn more of the American people, and 
secured employment from them which 
was more remunerative ; after awhile, he 
obtained a team of a heifer and a steer, 
and a wagon, the wheels of which were 
sawn from a log of wood, then rented a 
small tract of land for two years, and in 
1865, he bought eighty acres of land, 
where the family now reside, to which, 
in 1867, he added another eighty, and 
the same year they opened their brick- 
yard, mixed their clay with an old- 
fashioned mud-mill, and a $10-horse ; 
molded by hand ; made only 35,000 the 
first year ; he added to his farm until he 
had 200 acres, now valued at $40 per 
acre, which he continued to improve and 
cultivate, and in the manufacture, in his 
crude way, of brick and tile until his 
death, which occurred May 10, 1876^ 
leaving a family of seven children — 
John A., born July 13, 1847, now of 
Chicago in the boot and shoe trade ; 
Louise E. F., August, 1849 (^the wife 
Herman Wauku, a farmer of this town- 
ship) ; Augttstus J., the subject of this 
sketch, was born in Prussia Sept. 7, 
1851 (married Mary, daughter of Christ. 
Witty, of B^ort Madison ; she was born 
in Fort Madison March, 1857; they 
have one child — Harry, born April 10, 
1878) ; Francesca, born Sept. 24, 1853 
(wife of Hugo Artz, of this township, a 
farmer) ; Paulina E.,born Oct. 8, 1855 
(the wife of Samuel Boobier, a native of 
England, now connected with the Sher- 
man House of Chicago; Julius F.,born 
June 1, 1858, foreman in the brick and 
tile yard, and Ida, born Dec. 21, 1864. 
Since the death of their father, the sons 
have added to their brick manufactory 
new and improved machinery, which has 
a capacity (with the assistance of four 
men) to turn out 6,000 to 7,000 of the 
finest pressed brick known to this part of 
the country, per day, and find a 
good market for all produced. In the 
way of farming, they have all the neces- 
sary machinery of the latest improve- 
ments, with seven fine horses and other 
stock ; have a yearly tax of $80 ; their 
first tax, for which they now hold 
the receipt, being 18 cents. Fam- 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



849 



ily politics, Republican ; relij^ion, Cath- 

RICE, A. I.., farmer, Sec. 15 ; P. 0. 
Fort Madison ; the eldest son of Col. 
James Rice, who was born in Worcester 
Co., Mass. Married Miss Gratia Part- 
ridge ; had eleven children ; A. L. was 
born Jfin. 13, 1822, atTempleton, Wor- 
cester Co., Mass.; did not enjoy the ad- 
vantages of even a common-school edu- 
cation on account of losing his voice 
when quite young ; at the age of 17, 
came with his father and family to Lee 
Co., settling in Washington Tp.; re- 
mained until his death, in March, 1862; 
Jan. 8, 1846, he married Miss Mary 
A., daughter of John Davis, a soldier 
of the war of 1812, pioneer of Lee Co., 
from Ohio in 1838 ; he died March 21, 
1877, at the age of 86 years ; her mother, 
Sarah Moore, died March, 1868. Mrs. 
Rice was one of twelve children, seven 
sons and five daughters ; after their mar- 
riage, they settled in Sec. 7 of this town- 
ship, and remained until 1856, when he 
purchased his present residence ; he 
owns 150 acres of land, valued at $55 
per acre. They have had three chil- 
dren — Celesta A., born Oct. 23, 1846, 
died July 27, 1848; Evaline G., born 
May 26, 1848, and manied Wm. M. 
Marsh, Dec. 24, 1866 ; died Sept. 24, 
1867 ; George A., born Dec. 26, 1854. 
Their adopted daughter, Jennie, now 
about 9 years of age, was taken from 
the Or[jhan's Home at No 1, Pine Place, 
Boston. Democrat. Mrs. Rice is a 
member of the Christian Church ; Mr. 
R. is a member of the A., F. & A. M., 
Hiram-Lodge, No. 7 ; also of I. 0. 0. F. 
Rescue, at Denmark. He has held the 
office of Township Clerk, Trustee, and 
various school offices. 

RICE, JOIVAS, Jr., farmer and 
dairyman. Sec. 5; P. 0. Denmark; 
was born in Worcester Co., Mass., 
1 823 ; son of J. Rice, Sr., who Avas born 
and raised in «ame county, and there 
married Miss Greta Partridge, also born 
in Massachnsetts, one of a family of 
sixteen children, eight sons and eight 
daughters, all of whom became influ- 
ential members of difierent churches; 
only two of whom are now living — May- 
nard P., of Royalston, Mass.; a manu- 
facturer, and Amanda, the wife of Uriah 



Moore, of Templeton, Mass., a son of 
the eldest of the family is Geo. Part- 
ridge, a wealthy merchant of St. Louis. 
Jonas Rice, Sr., was of a long lived 
race, a Colonel of the militia of Massa- 
chusetts, a popular officer ; hLs father 
was Wm. JPtice, who married Lucy 
Wright ; his grandfather, David Rice, 
who married Love Moore ; hLs great- 
grandfather, Daniel Rice, married Eliza- 
beth Taylor ; his great-great-grand fa- 
ther, Daniel R., married Barthia Ward ; 
his great-great-great grand father, Ed- 
ward Rice, married Anne . In 

1839, Mr. Rice, Sr., with his family, 
came to Lee Co. and settled in Wash- 
ington Tp., on the farm now owned by 
Jonas, Jr., con.sisting of 240 acres, and 
remained till their death, his in 1862, 
Mrs. Ftice, 1869; during the sixteen years 
of his life passed in New England, Jonas. 
Jr., had enjoyed the privileges of a com- 
mon school, but on coming to Lee Co., 
was deprived of that, and had but six 
weeks schooling afterward. June, 1849, 
he married Miss Harriet N. Cowles, 
daughter of Dr. Josiah Cowles, of Fort 
Madison, who came, to Lee Co. the 
spring of 1839. They have six chil- 
dren — Oscar J., born Dec. 2, 1850 ; 
Harriet A., born March 10, 1854; 
Phebe L., born July 27, 1856 ; Ida D., 
born Nov. 19, 1859 ; John G., born 
Aug. 23, 1864; Edward J., born July 
14, 1869. Mr. and Mrs. R., with their 
three daughters, are members of the 
Christian Church ; he is an Elder of 
that Church. 
BICE, W. O., farmer and dairyman, 
Sec. 11; P. 0. Fort Madison; among 
the prominent and worthy citizens of 
Washington Tp. ; son of the pioneer, 
Col. Jonas R. Rice ; he was born in 
Templeton, Ma.ss., in 1838; when 9 
months of age, was brought by his par- 
ents to this county ; received an educa- 
tion such as was afforded by the com- 
mon schools of the day, and two years 
at the Denmark Acadera}^ At the age 
of 24, married Miss Martha A., daughter 
of Thos. M. Morgan, a pioneer of Lee Co., 
who came here in the fall of 1839, 
from Ohio ; she was born on the farm 
where they now reside, in 1846, which 
they now own, consisting of 130 acres, 
valued at $45 per acre ; they have two 



850 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



ohildreu — Frank M., bom Jan. 9, 186G, 

Arthur E.. Dec. 81, 1S60. Repiib- 

lioun; membci-s of the Christian Church, : 

of which he is clerk. 
Richards. William, tar., S. 14 ; P. 0. Fort 

Madison. 
Kittor. John, tar.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Fort 

Madison. 
Eodgors, Thomas T.. far.. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 

Fort Madison. 
Rohker. Edward, far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Fort 

Madison. 

SAWDON. ROBERT, far.. S. 1 : P. 0. 
Fort Madison. 
SAWYER. FKAXCIS, Jr., 
farmer. Sec. S ; P. 0. Fort >[adison ; 
was born in Rindge, Cheshire Co., N. 
H., in 1815 : when 11 ^-ears of age, 
his father removed to New Ipswich, N. 
H., where Francis received a common- 
school and academical education; in 
1838, when '2'2 yeai-s of age, accompa- 
nied by his brother, then 15 years of 
age, he left the hills of New Hampshire 
to find a now home in the West ; they 
traveled the entire distance from New 
Ipswich to the Black Hawk Purchase ;^ex- 
cept between Buffalo and Detroit by boat") 
in a one-ho.st^ buggy, being six weeks 
on the road; arriving at Fort Madison 
in August of that year, he made a claim 
and erected a cabin, where he now lives. 
In 1840, he married Miss Sarah Childs, 
who was born in New Ipswich Pec. 7, 
1818; an orphan, raised and came to 
Leo Co. with Wm. Taylor ; she died in 
January, 1>^43. He married Miss Lucy 
Baxter in 184(i ; she was born in New 
Ipswich in 1821. and died in 1862, 
leaving four children — Henry B.. born 
Jan. ;->0, 1852, now a resident of Kan- : 
sas; Perley F., born in 1856 and died | 
in 1871; Flora M., born in 1857; 
Herbert, born in 1860 and died in 1869. i 
He ag-ain married Miss x\bbie Holt, of j 
Andover, JMass., born in February, j 
1828, and married in October, 1865. \ 
He owns 240 acres of land, valued at ; 
$50 per acre. Members »>f the Congre- 
gational Church ; he assisted in its 
organization and was elected Deacon ; 
ho has taken an active part in Sabbath j 
schools; established two schools, one of j 
which was the first in the township. 
His father. Francis Sawyer, came to Leo 
Co. in the spring of 1838, and made I 



and improved a claim adjoining his 
son's ; in later years, he removed to 
Denmark, where he died at the ripe old 
age of 79 years ; the elder Sawyer was 
a perfect specimen of New England 
manhood, and possessed all the charac- 
teristics of that people. 

Sawyer. Horace, far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 

SAWYER. JEMIMA, MRS., 
farmer. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Fort Madisou ; 
daughter of Jabez and Jemina Sawyer ; 
she was born at Mendel, Franklin Co., 
Mass., where, at the age of 21 years, 
she married her cousin, John Sawyer, 
son of Joseph and Eunice Sawyer, who 
was born in the same place in 1800 ; 
in 1832, they removed to Bristol, Mor- 
gan Co., Ohio, where they engaged in 
farming until 1836. when they came to 
Lee Co.; in the spring of 1837. they 
purchased the iarm ^240 acres, valued 
at S40 an acre) where Mi-s. Sawyer now 
resides. 3Ir. Sawyer died from the 
result of a fall from an apple-tree while 
picking apples, in the fall of 1876, 
leading a family of six children — Frank- 
lin, born in 1832, now in the bee and 
goat business in Texas ; Asahel P., born 
April 5. 1834, now at Mount Ayr, 
Iowa ; William C, born Aug. 16, 18o5, 
enlisted at the beginning of the late war 
and died in October, 1861 ; Sarah M., 
born Fob. 28. 1839, wife of Hezekiah 
K. Griflis, of Nebraska ; Mary C, born 
April 7, 1841. wife of Richatil E. 
G riffis. f Clay's (.i rove ; 3lart ha J . , born 
July 26. 1845, is at home with her 
mother ; Nathaniel G.. born Aug. 5. 
1847. lives at licrmantown, Kau. 

Shaw, Thos. L.. fi\r.. Sec. :U ; P. O. Fort 
Madison. 

Scheir, Conrad, tar.. See. 13 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Sholtz, H., far., See. 24; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Shrader, Geo., far., Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Shubert, J. G., tar.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Smith, D. D., far.. Sec. 18; P. O. Fort 
Madison. 

Snapp, W. F., far., Sic. 17; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Stein, R., far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Fort Madi- 
son. 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



851 



STEN^EK, JOHN, far., See. lo ; 
P. 0. Fort Madison ; sou of Homy 
Stengel", who was born in Bavaria in 
17i)L* ; his father (John's grandfather), 
a miller of Moeuibris, Gornuiny. gave to 
tnich of his sous a mill ; in conset|uenee 
of whieh his father became a miller. 
Married Mary K. Reising, who was born 
in the same county. (.Termany ; had twelve 
children, six grow to man and woman 
hood ; John, the eldest, was born in 
Moembris, Germany, in 1820, and at 
the age of IS, emigrated to America ; 
stopped at Zanesville, Ohio, where he 
worked on the improvements on Mus- 
kingum River until March, ISoO; thence 
to Kenton Co., Ivy., where he worked as 
a farm laborer and in a tan-yard ; in 
18-10, the other members of the family 
settled in Dearborn Co., Ind., where his 
father purchased a farm on whieh he re- 
mained until his death, in ISGS, his 
wife having died in 1805. In 1842, 
John 8. married IMiss Mary M. Smith, 
wlio was born in Dearborn Co., lud., in 
in 1820 : in 1848, they came to Lee 
C>i. ; tirst settled in Green Bay Tp., near 
Fort Madison ; then, in 1849, in com- 
pany with A'. Lawrence, he erected a 
saw- mill ; in 1850, added a ilour depart- 
ment ; in 1861, th'ey converted it into a 
distillery, consuming 150 bushels of 
corn per day ; paid the first year a tax 
of §30,000 on manufactured high wines, 
this he continued until 1804, then re- 
turned to section where he now resides 
and owns 140 acres of land, valued at 
§45 per acre ; they have seven children 
— Joseph, born 1843, who served in the 
late war, 1803 to 1805, with 1st L V. C. 
now of Kansas; JMary E.,born December, 
, 1845, the wife of Garhardt Ostdick, of 
Ottumwa, an extensive manufacturer of 
brick ; Caroline, born in 1848, wife of 
Daniel J. Sherwood, of Fort Madison ; 
Henry, born — ; John J., born in 1854 ; 
Barbara, born in 1858; Isabella, born 
in 1860 ; the last four were born in Lee 
Co. ; the others in Indiana ; all have an 
education fitting them for business ; are 
men and women, and all of good habits 
and standinsi- in society. Kepublican; 
Mr. S. and the children are members of 
the Catholic Church ; ]Mrs. S. of the 
M. E. Church. 

Stevenson, S. T., far.. S. 7; P. 0. Denmark. 



Strunk, Fritz, tar., Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

rpAYLOR, BENJAMIN M. R., far., 
JL See. 13; P.O. Wever. 

THACKRAY, JOHN, thrmer. 
Sec. 4; P. 0. Denmark; one of a family 
of eleven children ; born in Hunting- 
donshire, Euiiland, July 15, 1841 ; re- 
mained with his fiither on the farm 
until the 1st of April, 1876, when he 
left Liverpool, arriving at Fort Madison, 
Iowa, the 18tli of the same month ; 
worked as a laborer until February, 
1877, then purchased his present place 
of residence and farm of 101 acres, 
valued at 630 per acre. The following- 
March, he married Miss Mary D. Bon- 
neville, of French ancestry, born in 
Lower Canada in 1841, and, when 10 
years of age, having lost her parents, 
came to Illinois with a brother, thence 
to Lee Co.; she is a member of the 
Catholic Church ; Democrat. 

Tibbets, P. E., far., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Ft. 
Madison. 

Tibbotts, Kussel, far.. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Ft. 
Madison. 

YANHYNING, JOSKPIIUS, far.. 
Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Denmark. 
YANHYNING. TEKSEY, flu , 

Sec. 6 ; P. O. Denmark ; daughter of 
Abel Thomas, who was born in Con- 
necticut, and married Tersey Miller, of 
of the same State ; she died there ; her 
husband moved to Columbus, Ohio, 
where he soon after died, leaving a fl\m- 
ily of three children, Mrs. "\\ the only 
one now living ; she was born in Granby, 
Conn., in 181 1, and, when 3 years of 
■ age, was brought by her grandparents to 
Medina Co., Ohio; there. April 24. 
1828, she married Joel A^anhyning, who 
was born July 31, 1808; in the "fall of 
1841, tbe_y came to Lee Co.; farmed by 
renting for the tirst three years ; then 
purchased the farm on which she now^ 
resides, consisting of 112 acres of land, 
valued at $45 per acre. Mr. Vanhyn- 
iug died Oct. 6, 1852, leaving seven 
children, having had thirteen — Rachel 
M., born Nov. 4, 1829, married Horace 
Stiles in Ohio, and died in Nebraska 
April 14, 1873 ; Caroline M., hovn 
Sept. 10, 1831, the wife of James Mc- 
Lane, of Polk Co.; Edward E., born 
Sept. 22, 1833, of Marion Co., Iowa; 
11 



852 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



Aaron, born Oct. 25, 1835, died at tlie 
jiii'c of 2 years ; Arnold W., born Feb. 

22, 1837, of Polk Co.; Betsey E., Dec. 
29, 1839, died Ang. 14, 1841 ; James 
R., Jan. 24, 1841, died at the age of 
4 years; Aii'a F., born April 24, 
1843, the wife of Wm. Sweezy, of Har- 
vey Co., Kan.; Ansel J., born July 15, 
1845, died July 2, 1849; Isaiah J., 
born Oct. 1, 1847, died July 25, 1849; 
Josiah C., May 27, 1850, married Le- 
miah Larkins, who was born in Con- 
necticut Jan. 1, 1848; they have two 
children, a son and daughter ; he lives 
with his mother and conducts the farm ; 
Khoda, born Sept. 21, 1S52, died Oct. 
(j, 1852; Joel D., born Dec. 17, 1853, 
a resident of Lee Co. Mr. and Mrs. 
Vanhyning were members of long stand- 
ing in the M. E. Church. 

Yogt, AVilliam, far., Sec. 36 ; P. O. Fort 
Madison. 

WASSERZICHER, B., far., Sec. 
34 ; P. 0. Fort Madison. 
Wenke,Wm, far., S. 23; P.O. Fort Madison 
WHITEHEAD, WILI.IAM, 
far.. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Denmark; was born 
in Butler Co., Ohio, April 23, 1819; 
when 8 years of age, his parents re- 
moved to Dearborn Co., Ind., where he 
remained until 19; thence to Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, where he engaged in draying ; 
this he followed for seven years ; then 
returned to Indiana, and worked at the 
cooper's trade, at which he had previ- 
ously served an apprenticeship ; con- 
tinued in this for four years ; then en- 
_ gaged in farming. In the year 1845, 
he married Susan A. Lawrence, who 
was bora in Dearborn Co., Ind., April * 

23, 1828 ; in 1872, they came to Lee 
Co., and settled at their present resi- 
dence, where he owns 64 acres of land, 
valued at $45 per acre. In August, 
1874, his wife died, leaving three chil- 
dren — Mary E., born in Dearborn Co., 
Ind., Sept. 2, 1847, the wife of Benja- 
min Taylor, of this township ; Martha, 
born Feb. 13, 1853, wife of George 
Keutch, of this township ; Priscilla, 
born Jan. 23, 1856. llepublican ; a 
member of the United Brethren Church, 
formerly a Class-Leader; his wife was 
a life-long member of the same Church. 

Wiggenjost, Antone, far.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
Fort Madison. 



Willard, Samuel G., for., Sec. 1 ; P. O' 
Fort Madison. 

Willard, Sidney B., far.. Sec. 11 ; P. O. 
Fort Madison. 

WI1XIAM8, JOHX B., farmer, 
S. 6 ; V. 0. Denmark ; a grandson of 
Jacob Williams, who was born a Quaker 
in Queens Co., un Long Island, the 
residence of the family for the past two 
centuries. He married Miss Starkin, 
whose ancestors were among the first 
settlers of the United States ; had five 
children, four sons and one daughter — 
Benjamin, the fourth, was born on 
Long Island in 1778 ; there learned the 
blacksmith trade, and married Miss 
Annie, daughter of Stephen Dodge, a 
soldier of the llevolution and Aide under 
Washington, who, in 1828, went West 
and has not since been l\eard of; she 
was born on Long Island in 1785 ; they 
had two sons and three daughters ; the 
youngest son was John B. ; born in 
Dearborn Co., Ind., in 1828; lost his 
mother when 6 years of age, and was 
brought up by a brother-in-law ; at 17 
years of age, learned the blacksmith 
trade, served an apprenticeship of three 
years, and, soon after completing it, in 
1848, came to Lee Co. June lo', 1849. 
Married Miss Elizabeth Morgan, who 
was born in Dearborn Co., Ind., in 
1830, and, with her father, John 
Morgan, came to Lee Co. in 1839 ; Mr. 
W. worked at his trade until 1853, 
then, in company with eight others, 
took the overland route to California, 
started the 12th of March and arrived 
at Volcano, Eldorado Co., the 10th of 
August of the same year; worked at 
his trade and at mining for two years,, 
and by the Nicaragua and Vanderbilt 
line of steamers via New York returned 
home; arrived Oct. 19, 1855, and, with 
the exception of one year spent in Illi- 
nois, has lived for twenty years in 
Green Bay Tp. ; the 20th of February, 
1876, he removed to his present plact; 
of residence, where he owns 200 acres of 
land, valued at |35 per acre; they have 
five children, have lost four — Henry 
(born Nov. 22, 1850, died Feb. 11, 
1865), John B., born April 8,1853; 
Omer, born in Illinois in 1856; Janey 
and Mary (^twins), born June 26, 1859, 
the former died Feb. 8, 1860, the latter 



WKST I'OINT TOWNSmi' 



858 



Marcli 3 of the same year; Annie, born 
June 8, 18G1; Abrum A., Nov. 4, 
1863; Edward, June 1, 18(JG, died 
Aug. 12, 1870, and (reorgo B., May 9, 
1870. Kcpubliean. A member of A., 
¥. & A. M., Hiram Lodf^e, No. 7. 

Winterbotham, W. W., Car., S. 1:5; i*. (). 
Fort Madison. 

WKK^IIT, I?lll/rON, farmer, S<,c. 
2 ■ l\ 0. Denmark ; son of Cliarles W. 
Wright, a native of Maryland, who, with 
his parents, was among the early settlers 
of the forests of Indiana. There he met 
Miss Louisa M. Palmer, born in the 
State of N(!W York, whose; parents were 
also early settlers of Indiana ; they were 
married ; had seven ehildren ; the eldest, 
Milton, born in Dearborn (Jo., Irid., 
in November, 1828, the only member of 
the family who eame to Iowa. In 1847, 
he married Miss Eveline J. Tibbits, 
daughter of David Tibbits, who came to 
Lee Co. from Indiana in 1851 ; she was 
born in Dearborn (Jo., Ind., in January, 
1828; in 184*J, they came to Lee Co. ; 
remained two years, and returned to In- 
diana. In 1 802, he enlist<!d in the 8d 
Ind. V. (J. as private ; particiitated at the 
battles of South Mountain, Antietam, 
the Wilderness, Winchester, Fisher's 



Hill, Cedar Creek, both raids to llich- 
motid, Wilson's raid to Weldoii Railroad 
and oth(!rs ; mustered out as Orderly at 
Indianapolis Aug. 15, 1805. His wile 
returned to Lei; (Jo. at the elos(! of the 
war, and they settled wluire they now 
reside ;ind own 2(50 acres of land, val- 
ued at $10 per acre; they have seven 
(iliildr.in — Fannie; M., born in Indiana 
in 1848. the wife of Charles Johnson, 
of Mahaska Co. ; David W., born in 
Iowa, in 1850; Frank M., born in In- 
diana in 1852 ; FJlla J., born in Indiana 
in 1855; Wayland, born in Indiana in 
1857 ; Cora B., l>orn in Indiana in 
1800; Dallas V.,born in Iowa in 1800. 
Democratic ; has held the oilice of 
Township A.sK(;ssor, 'l\jwnship (Jl(;rk and 
various school oiliees. Mr. Wright's 
oldest brother, Augustus, was killed at 
tlx; battle of Gettysburg in 1801, a 
member of the 3d Ind. V. C. ; the next, 
Samuel P., a resident of California, 
died in 1 878 ; Charles W. is now a 
resident of F'airland, Ind. ; his sister, 
Lucy A., is the wife; ol Augustus Fair- 
banks, of (Jalifornia ; Sarah married 
William ^]Ider, of Indiana, now de- 
c(;ased; Mary L. is a resident of Cali- 
fornia. 



WEST POINT TOWNSHIP. 



ALTER, H. K., far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. 
West l»oint. 
ALSTON, JOSHUA, farmer. Sec. 
13; P. 0. Fort Madison; was born in 
Lancashire, FJngland, in 1830, where 
he remained until 21 years of age, and 
received a good common-school educa- 
tion. Married Miss Martha Bicheno, 
who was born in Cambridir(;shire, FJn- 
gland, in 1838, and one week after, sailed 
for America, coming direct to Newburg, 
Ohio, where, after working on a farm 
for one year, he secured work in a roll- 
ing-mill ; in the fall (jf 1858, they came 
to Lee Co., West Point Tp., where he 
has since been engaged in farming ; first 
by renting, until 1802, when he pur- 
chased a farm, which he exchanged for 
the one he now occupies, consisting of 
ninety-six acres, valued at $30 per acre ; 



they have three children — Margaret M. 

born in 1857, (now the wife of David 

Snapp, a farmer of J'ottawattamie Co., 

Iowa); Joseph W., born in 1800; 

Nancy A., in 1803. Jiepublican; Mrs. 

Alston is a member ol' the M. K. 

Church. 
Armor, (x. W., tailor. West Point. 
Arthur, John, Sr., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. West 

Point. 
Aulston, Joshua, far., S. 13; P. (). Fort 

Madison. 
Avis, Frank M. J., teamster. West Point. 
Avis, Thomas, teamster, West Point. 

BARNS, GILBERT, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. 
Denmark. 
Bechtold, Frank, laborer. West Point. 
Berger, Theodore, cabinet-maker. West 

Point. 
Berry, John H., farmer. West Point. 



854 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



Bety, Lorenz, far., S. 5 ; P. 0. West Point. 
Beuscher, Wm., laborer, West Point. 
Bird, John, farmer. 
Boeding, E. D., far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. West 

Point. 
Boeding, Edward, shoemaker, West Point. 
Boeding, Henry, shoemaker, West Point. 
Bohmenkamp, H., far.. Sec. 17; P. 0. 

West Point. 
Bolte, Henry, far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Fort 

Madison. 
Bongfechtel, Frank, far., Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 

Fort Madison. 
Box, Geo., far., Sec. 6 ; P. 0. West Point. 
Brandt, Harm, far., S. 7; P. 0. West 

Point. 
Braun, Lewis, harness-maker, West Point. 
Brinck, Herman, merchant. West Point. 
Brockman, Wm., laborer. West Point. 
Brusch, Wencel, shoemaker. West Point. 
Buechell, Peter, x'ar.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Fort 

Madison. 
Buff, Phillip, far.. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. West 

Point. 
Buhrig, H., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Fort Mad- 
ison. 
Burgman, George, far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Fort 

Madison. 

CALE, J. M., far.. Sec. 2; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 

Carsteus, A. W., blacksmith. West Point. 

Carsteus, Alexander, retired. West Point. 

Carsteus, Diedrick, blacksmith. West Point. 

CliAYPOOIiE, J. H., farmer and 
stock-grower. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Fort Mad- 
ison ; was born in Belleville, St. Clair ' 
Co., 111., in 1835; when but 1 year 
of age, his parents removed from Illi- 
nois to Fort Madison, where J. was ed- 
ucated. When in his 25th year, he 
married Miss Martha J. Edwards, 
daughter of Joseph Edwards, of 
Fort Madison ; she was born in War- 
ren Co., Ohio ; soon after their marriage, 
he settled where he now owns 200 acres 
of land, valued at $30 per acre ; they 
have five children — Caroline, Georgia, 
Joseph E., Ellen and Arthur. Mr. 
Claypoole's father John, a descendant 
of Proctor Cromwell, was born in 
Hampshire Co., Va., in 1798; studied 
medicine with an uncle in Indiana, and 
graduated at the University of Lexing- 
ton, Ky.; soon after which he made an 
extensive tour through the Southern 
country, and settled near St. Louis; 



after which, his health failing, removed 
to Lee Co. and located on a farm near 
Fort Madison; in 1840, he removed to 
the city and resigned his practice, in 
which he had been eminent ; earnest in 
educational matters, he assumed the 
care and education of three families of 
orphan children, and was in the habit of 
having in school two or three benefi- 
ciaries, the children of the widowed and 
unfortunate ; he is the founder of Clay- 
poole Lodge at Fort Madison, which 
remains a monument of his zeal and 
labor in behalf of the ancient Order, 
in which he held various ofl&ces ; he 
died in 1866, 68 years of age — to his 
family and friends an irreparable loss, 
and, as was fitting, was buried with Ma- 
sonic honors. Although not a member 
of any church, was a man of profound 
religious convictions, and a regular at- 
tendant upon the ministrations of the 
sanctuary. 

Codner, Moses, butcher. West Point. 

Coleman, Wm., far., S. 30; P. 0. Frank- 
lin. 

Cooney, Matt, far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Franklin. 

Craig, A. J., laborer. West Point. 

Craig, John, far., S. 5 ; P. 0. West Point. 

Craig, William, laborer. West Point. 

DAVIDSON, JOHN, laborer. West 
Point. 
Davis, George, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Denmark. 
Davis, Wm., far., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Denmark. 
Dierker, Henry and Barney, fars.. Sec. 
21 ; P. 0. West Point. 
^ Dingman, J. H., teamster. West PoirLL 
' Dougherty, J^ames, wagon-maker." 
Dremhoff, Wiiiram, far.. Sec. 32; P. 0. 

West Point. 
Droppel, Barney, far., S. 27 ; P. O. West 

Point. 
Droppel George, far., S. 27 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

EICHHORN, CHARLES, far., Sec. 
7 ; P. 0. West Point. 
Eichhorn, Henry, far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 

West Point. 
Eichhorn, Julius, far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. West 

Point. 
Ellenberger, Christ, cabinet-maker. West 

Point. 
Ellenberger, Henry, turner, West Point. 
Ellenberger, Jacob, cabinet-maker. 
Ellenberger, John, laborer. West Point. 
Emerson, 0. D., laborer.. 



WEST POINT TOWNSHIP. 



855 



Emmett, G-eorge, far.. Sec. 31 ; P. O. 
Franklin. 

EXTLER, P. J., dealer in stoves 
and general hardware, Washington St., 
West Point ; was born in Van Buren 
Co., Iowa, Feb. 10, 1848; at the age 
of 16, he came to West Point, where he 
served an apprenticeship of three years 
learning the trade of tinsmith, after 
which he engaged at his present busi- 
ness, dealing largely in stoves, his trade 
in that line extending over more coun- 
try than any man in the retail trade in 
the county ; has been, also, extensively 
engaged in the manufacture of fruit- 
cans and the canning of fruit. July 16, 
1868, he married Miss Katy Mehl, 
daughter of John Mehl, whose biography 
appears elsewhere ; she was born in 
West Point Oct. 29, 1846 ;• they have 
two children — John, Jr., born March 
14, 1873 ; Mary A. L., Dec. 16, 1875. 
Owns his residence and place of busi- 
ness, which, in 1875, cost |4,000. 
' Members of the Presbyterian Church. 
He is a member of Council. 

Etka, Henry, plasterer. West Point. 

Etka, Simon, plasterer. 

Evans, J. M. physician. 

EVANS, J. M., physician and sur- 
geon ; office and residence, corner Race 
and Jefferson streets ; was born in 
Washington Co., Penn., in 1841 ; re- 
ceived his first schooling in the village 
of Ten-Mile ; at the age of 17, he en- 
tered the Wamsburg College, in which 
he passed to the Sophomore Class in six 
months. Enlisted in the 8th Penn. Res. 
Inf , under Gen. McCali, May 1, 1861 ; 
was all through the Peninsular cam- 
paign, also Pope's campaign, and served 
two years ; discharged on account of 
disability, and returned to Pennsyl- 
vania, where he followed teaching for a 
time. In May, 1865, he came to Lee 
County, and engaged in the study of 
medicine with Dr. Goodell, at Pilot 
(irrove ; continued for three years, prac- 
ticing some the last six months of the 
time. Dec. 3, 1868, he married, and 
settled at Big Mound, where he con- 
tinued his practice with success for four 
years ; thence to West Point, where he 
now has an extensive practice. 

FAIRLIE, ALEX, far., S. 13 ; P. 0. 
West Point. 



Fedler, Conrad, far., Sec. 8 ; P. 0. West 

Point. 
Fedler, H., teamster. West Point. 
Feeismeyer, Martin, far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 

Fort Madison. 
Fett, C, far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Franklin. 
Fette, Eberhard, far.. Sec. 22; P. O. 

West Point. 
Fergers, William, farrier. West Point. 
Friechtenkort, Joseph, far., S. 16 ; P. 0. 

West Point. 
FosterUng. H., far., Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Fort 

Madison. 
Freese, H., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. West Point. 
Friedel, Joseph, far., S. 18 ; P. 0. West 

Point. 

GEERS, JOHN M., physician. West 
Point. 

Geppert, Frank, retired. West Point. 

Grerveler, Henry, far., Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 
Franklin Centre. 

G-illham, J. G., laborer. West Point. 

GII.L.HAM, JAMES G., harness- 
maker; residence corner Race and Jef- 
ferson sts.; son of Thos. Grillham, who set- 
tled in Madison Co., Ill, in 1800 ; was 
the first settler west of the Ohio River, 
and the first Methodist of Illinois ; the 
services of that organization were held 
at his house for seventeen years ; he aft- 
erward became Circuit Judge of that 
county, which office he held for eight 
years; there James Gr. was born in 1819, 
raised a farmer, and, in 1840, married 
Barbara, daughter of T. G-. Lofton, 
then Sheriff of Madison Co., also Local 
Pastor of the M. E. Church; she was 
born in Greene Co., 111., in 1819, and 
died February, 1848, leaving one child 
— Benj. Irish, born in 1845 (now a 
residentof Macoupin Co., 111.); Decem- 
ber of the same year he married Frances 
A. Murphy, who was born in Wood Co., 
Va., in 1824 ; they remained in Madi- 
son Co. until 1850; the fall of that 
year, came to West Point, where he 
formed a copartnership with A. Love- 
land in the manufacture and sale of 
harness and saddles, which he continued 
for four years ; in 1854, his wife died, 
leaving three children — Edgar J., born 
in 1849, now book-keeper for a large 
<-lothing house in Sullivan, 111. ; Marga- 
ret L., born Sept. 8, 1851, died the 26th 
of May, 1855; James, born in Octo- 
ber, 1854, now engaged in railroading in 



856 



WRKOTOUV OK LI'lK 001) ^^Y 



Kansas; May 1,1855, ho nuirriod his 
present wife. Miss Mary M. lirand, who 
was born in M(>noii_i;aU!i (•()., Vii., 
Maroh 215, ISlJiJ, ilan>;'htor ol' Sanmol 
Hrand, ono of t.h(< j)ionoors of Wt^st 
Point, who sottlod lioro from Virginia, 
in 18;>T; hold tho otfioo of Jnstioo of 
tho IVaoo horo for tift(>on yoars ; tho 
proliininary oxaniination of tho llo(ii;os 
brotht>rs was hold bt'U>ro him for tlio 
mnrdor of IMilK>r and lioisa, also that of 
Jones tor the murdor of Mot'lurdlo. Mr. 
Brand sorvod as Orderly three months in 
tho ;>d Missouri in tho war of 1 SI 2, and 
was possessed of a memory whioh enabled 
him, wht^n SO ytnvrs of age, to (mil the 
roll of his eompany, of I l!> men, as he 
oalled it when on dutv with the com- 
pany ; he died in ISTa, at the ago of 
SI years, having raised a family of ten 
ehildren, live of whom, with his wile, 
now repost> in the eemetery at West 
I'oint; November, IStil, Mr. (ilillham 
enlisted in the 17th I. V. I. as private 
of Oo. I, (Captain lliee ; soon after 
Avhieh, he was dl^taehed for hospital 
duty, and served in that d(i[)ariment un- 
til unistered out, August, lS(i5, having 
visittHl all tln> Slave States of thei Union 
except IHorida and 'l\>xas. Mr. and 
Mrs. (1. are mend)i>rs of long standing 
in tho M. K. C^hureh at W'est l\»inr, 
and to him we are indebted tor a his- 
tory of that Ohureh ; he has hold vari- 
ous city otRces. Hy last wife, has one 
child — Mary Kates,* born l<\>b. ll>, lS5t5. 
A member oi' Meehaniis Lmlge, I. 0. 
O. v., No. 5li. 

(loebel, Henry, tar., Sih', ItJ; 
Point. 

({rabensehroer, l<\, far., See. 
West Point. 

(}ram, Christian, far.. See. '20 
Point. 

(}ran», ,lohn, far.. See. IJO ; 
Point. 

Oraner, (Muu-les, far., See. 
Frank lin Oentre. 

(Jrasekemper, (leorge, far. ; 
Point. 

Urasekeinper, lleurv, far. ; 
IVint. 

Urothe, 11., far., S. 5; P. (). West Point. 

tiuvton, John W., lab., West Point. 

Vl AKPNKU, (1., tar.. See. nO ; P. O. 

JL-L. Kranklin (lentre. 



P. 0. 


West 


• >•> . 


P. 0. 


P.O. 


West 


p. (). 


West 


;u) ; 


P. 0. 


p. (). 


West 


p. o. 


West 



HatVner, W., tin-., See. iU); P. (), Knink 
lin (Centre. 

llahn, Peter, far., See. S; P. (). West 
Point. 

Hall, Honor, livery, We.st Point. 

Hallbnsh. Martin', far.. See. :U) ; P. (). 
l''rai\klin (\nitre. 

llainelinan, William, uier.. West Point. 

Harniagel, Kred, far.. See. 2i) ; P. O. 
I'rankliu (Vntre. 

Harmeyer, flos., far., See. 5; P. (). West 
Poin't, 

Heese, Frank, far., S. 5 ; P.;(). West Point. 

Hellega, Barni^y, far.. Sec. 25 ; P. O. Port 
Madison. 

Hellega, Wm., far., Sec, •-!5 ; P. O. h\nt 
Mndison. 

Helling, Anton, tiir.. See. ;U> ; P. O. Port 
Madison. 

Hehuan, John, far.. Sec. 5; P. O. West 
Point. 

Heneberger, Ernst, stone mason, NVest 
Point. 

Henriehsmeyer, K.. tiir.. Sec. 5; P. (>. 
West Point. 

Hermes, (}., far., See. lit?; P. O. Port 
Madison. 

IIFiKICIN<;, SOrillA, far.. Sec. 
K> ; P. 0. Port Madison ; born in Mor- 
gan (\>., (>hio, in IS'JO ; lived there 
until IS years of age; then, with her 
parents, canu> to Xtw Co., and at tht> 
age of 11), nnirried Mr. Ui>bert Herring, 
who was born in Pennsylvania in IS 10 ; 
brought by his panuits, when -t years of 
age, to Ijoe (\>., when> tlu\v settled cm 
Sec. lo, his fath(>r having entered the 
entire section of land. Their tirst set- 
tlement, atter their marriage, was made 
in Washington Township, wheiv they 
remained until ISdS ; removed to Kort 
Madison, atid remained nine and one- 
half years, then letl tor California by 
water via Pamima, and there re- 
mained eight months, and returned to 
their home — the farm where she now 
resides, and (>wns eighty acres of land, 
valued at $1(1 per acre. Mr. Herring 
died in March, IS77, at the age of (U. 
A membtT of the M. VI. Chureh, to 
which Mrs. Herring has also belonged 
for twt>ntv-tive years. 

Hinkel, Phillip, t'ar,, Sec. 2(; ; P. O. Port 
Madison. 

Hoenig, Barney, far., See. liS ; P. (). West 
Point. 



WEST POINT TOWNSHIP 



857 



Honadel, Jacob, far., Sec. lil ; P. (>. 
Franklin Centre. ^ 

Honnschild, Ohria,. lar., Sec. 83; P. 0, 
Franklin Centre. 

Hook, Georjre, cabinet-maker, West Point. 

Horsnian, H., far., Sec. 3H ; P. O. West 
Point. 

Hoskins, Caleb, far., Sec. 14; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Hotof, Fred, far.. Sec. 3:i ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Hundt, Win., butcher, West Point. 

Hunt, Henry, far.. Sec. 5 ; P. O. West 
Point. 

Hutnut, A. B., far., Sec. 6 ; P. 0. West, 

Point. 
"TACK, FRKD, far., Sec. 83; P. 0. 

fj Franklin. 

JACOBY, WJH., RKV., Pastor 
of the Assumption Church ; residence, 
Tyler street ; was born in the Inde- 
pendent District of Luxembourg, in 
1834; at the age of 18, commenced 
the study of the classics, which he con- 
tinued for nine years, and, in 1860, 
came to this country and entered the 
Clerical Seminary St. Francis, located 
jit Milwaukee, Wis.; when his studies 
W(!r(! completed, he was ordained at 
Dubuque, Iowa, and located as Pastor 
of the church at Lansing, Allamakee 
Co.. Iowa ; he remained for nine years, 
thence <o West Point in March, 1876, 
where ho has since conducted the serv- 
ices of that Church. 

Jacobsmeyer, Anton, far., Sec. 14 ; P. 0. 
West Point. 

Janson, B. H., blacksmith. West Point. 

Jefferson, Henry, engineer. West Point. 

Jesberg, John, far., S. 30 ; P. (). Franklin. 

Johnson, Daniel, surveyor. West Point. 

Jones, Benjamin, far., S. A(> ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Judy, George, far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Franklin 

Judy, Henry, far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Franklin. 

Judy, H. H., far.. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin. 

Judy, J. C, far., S. 32; P. 0. Franklin. 

Jungferman, Herm, watchman. West 
Point. 

KAHLER, FRED, far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 
West Point. 
Kamschneider, C, far., S. 16 ; P. West 

Point. 
Kemper, Theodore, carpenter. West Point. 
Kempker, B. H., clothier. West Point. 



K<!mpker, (Jarret, far., S. 8; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Kempker, John, Sr., menihant, West 
Point. 

K(!mpkt;r, John, Jr., teamster, West 
J'oint. 

Kerch ner, Bal., retired, West Point. 

Ketraan, Barney, far., 8. 16 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Ki(!ner, John, far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. W.^sfc 
Point. 

Kiener, Jos., far., S. 7 ; P. O. West Point. 

Kildoo, S., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Franklin. 

Kill!, James, farmer, W(!St Point. 

Kile, Rubin, machinist, West Point. 

Klessner, Harmon, far.. Sec. 16; P. 0. 
West Point. 

Knabe, Christ, far., S. lU ; P. (). Franklin. 

Knabe, Fred, far., S. 30; P.O. Franklin. 

Knoch, F., far.. Sec. 34; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Knoch, H., far,, Sec. 34; P. O. Fort 
Madison. 

Kopping, John, far., Sec. 10 ; P. O. West 
Point. 

Kramer, .Joseph, far.. Sec. 4; P. (), West 
Point. 

Kraus, Christian, blacksmith, West [^oint. 

Kreeger, Barney, farmijr, West Point. 

KKi:ilKllili, JOHX €., Pastor 
Menuonitc! Church, West Point; born 
in Rheini)falz;, Bavaria, Germany, June 
y, 1811 ; at the age of 15, he learned 
to be a miller, and continued in that oc- 
cupation in his native country until 22 
years of age. In the spring of 1833, 
he emigrated to America, where he con- 
tinued his usual occupation, in Butler 
Co., Oliio, for one year, when he re- 
turned to Germany, and married Miss 
Annie Wohlgemoth, April 12, 1837; 
she also was born in Rheinpfalz, in 
March, 1811 ; the same day of his mar- 
riage, he embarked for America ; re- 
turned to Butler Co., Ohio, where he 
remained until the fall of 1839, when 
they b(!came pioneers of Lee Co.; they 
erected their cabin in West Point, 
where, the following year, the 1st of 
April, his wife died, leaving two chil- 
dren — John J., born in Ohio, May 3, 
1838; Hannah M., born in Lee Co. 
Nov. 26, 1830. July 31, 1846, ho 
married Catharine, daughter of (Christian 
Raber ; she was born in Baden, (|er- 
many, April 8, 182(i, and. with her 



858 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY ; 



parents, was? among tlio early settlors 
of Lee Co. In the tall of IS-tK he was 
ordained Pastor of the ^Mennonite 
Church, a position he has since re- 
tained; in March, 1S57. he removed 
to his present place of residence, 'rdiere 
he owns a half interest in tlie mill and 
his residence. By his second wife he 
has had ten children — Annie M., horn 
June 7, 1847; Christian, Feb. 12. 
IS-tO; Frederick B., Jan. 4, 1S51 ; 
Catharine B.. Jan. 10. lS5o; EHzaheth 
C, Mav 15, 1855: Daniel S., March 
21, 1857; Sarah M., May 18, 1859 
(died May IS, 1860^; Sarah E., Feb. 
16, 18tU; Charles W.. April 19, 
1863; Henry E., 3Iay 14,1865. All 
are members of his church ; neutral in 
politics, and has held various township 
and school offices. 

Krieger, Frank, tar.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Krieger, Harmon, far.. S. 28 ; P. 0. AY est 
Point. 

Kroll, John, Jr., tar.. See. 19: P. 0. 
Eranklin. 

Kroymeyer. A., tar.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Kroymeyer. B., tar.. Sec. 36 : P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Krovmeyer, H., far.. Sec. 36 : P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Kruger. William, butcher. West Point. 

Krnmpler, Barney, shoemaker. West 
Point. 

LAMPE, BARNEY, t\tr.. Sec. 5: P. 
0. West Point. 
Lampe, Henry, saloon. West Point. 
Lange. John, far.. Sec. 16: P. 0. West 

Point. 
l.EAl>LEY, ALLISOX, Editor. 

West Point. 
Lenhard, George, far.. Sec. 6 : P. 0. West 

Point. 
Levee, Almon, blacksmith. West Point. 
Levee. EUas. blacksmith. West Point. 
1. E S S E X « E R . JACOB H., 

HOX., stock-dealer and tanner ; was 
born March 19, 1830, at Winchester, 
A''a., and, in 1844, removed to Cham- 
paign Co., Ohio. ; remained for eleven 
years and removed to Muncie. Delaware 
Co., Lid., where he was twice elected 
Assessor; leaving Indiana, ho again jour- 
neyed westward ; in 1864, came to Henry 
Co.. Iowa, afterward removinii'toLeeCo.. 



West Point, where he located in 1869; 
at\erward became Mayor of that city. 
His educational advantages were lim- 
ited to those atforded by the common 
schools of the county. 3Iarried in Mun- 
cie, Ind., 1858, Miss Mary PriscoU; 
have seven children, the eldest 2() years 
of age, and the youngest 18 months. 
The confidence of his neighbors in him, 
has been repeatedly manifested by call- 
ing him to fill various responsible posi- 
tions ; he is now one of the Board of 
Trustees of the Independent District of 
AS"" est Point, President of the Lee Co. 
Stock Association ; was the originator 
of the present District Fair, and Kepre- 
sentative to the Seventeenth General 
Assembly of Iowa. Mr. Lessenger is 
an active, enersretic, wide-awake busi- 
ness man. and his colleagues in the Leg- 
islature bear willing testimony to his 
careful attention to business in that 
honorable body. 

Leyes. R., barber. West Point. 

Lindermuth, P. E., stock-dealer West 
Point. 

Linke, John. tar.. Sec. 16; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Link, AYilliam. far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Lohman, A., far.. Sec. 5 : P. 0. West 
Point. 

Lohman, Harmon, far.. Sec. 5; P. O.West 
Point. 

LOHIIAR. HEXKY, attorney and 
counselor at law, real estate and collec- 
tion agent ; office and residence corner of 
Madison and Hain ; born in Germany, 
1826; receeived a liberal education. 
At the age of 17, commenced the study 
of the law, which he continued \intil the 
troubles of 1848 in that country, whea 
he participated in the Liberal moveiuent 
for one year ; in 1852 came to this 
country, to Keokuk, and, being unac- 
quainted with the people and lauiruage 
of the country, he first engaged to work 
as a tinner ; served an apprenticeship at 
that trade from 1849 until 1852. No- 
vember, 1854, he married 3Iiss Mary 
T. Burrus, who was born nenr Cologne, 
Germany, 1827, and emigrated to this 
country, to Oquawka, Henderson Co., 
111., 1852. They have four children. 
In 1861, he enlisted in the 30th I. Y. I. 
as private, but by special order of Sec- 



WKST POINT TOWNSUrP. 



859 



rotary Stanton, was made Ordnance 
Sorgeant, and served tliriH! years ; at his 
enlistment, was offered $(15 local bounty 
which he refused, as his enlistment had 
been through other motives than for 
money, and ordtn'ed (he money returned 
to the 'l^r(!asurer. After his i(!turn from 
the army, he lived for sev(;ral years in 
liona])arte, A^an Buren ()o.; then! he 
h(ild the offieeof Assessor; in 1874, he 
removcnl to West Point ; in 1H7(!, was 
admitted to the; bar and is now practi- 
eina; in the courts at Madison and Keo- 
kuk. Mr. aTid Mrs. Jj. are members of 
the Assumption Church. 

lioveless, Aaron, far., Sec. 11 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

1. V E L K S S, A AR4>N, farmer 
and stock-f^rower. Sec. 10 ; P. (). West 
Point; born in Monmouth Co., N. J., 
Oct. 1, 1814; received an cniucation at 
the common schools of that day ; at the 
ajre of "ZO, he removed to Medina Co., 
Ohio ; his liither having been a rnill- 
wrijTjht, he had acciuired some knowl- 
edge of tools, and there he encraji,'ed at 
the carpenter's trade for two years ; at 
the age of 22, he married Miss Belinda 
Vanhyning ; she was born in Medina 
Co., Ohio, March 8, 1816 ; daughter of 
Thomas Vanhyning, who came to Lee 
Co. in 1840. and died herein 1849. 
Mr. and Mrs. Loveless remained in 
Ohio until 184G, when they removed to 
Lee (Jo. and settled in Denmark Tp.; in 
1856, removed to where he now resides 
and owns 96 acres of land, valued at 
$40 per acre. They have seven chil- 
daen — Thomas M., W. W., Frank., 
Aaron J., Angeline, Ada and Clara. 
Members of the Baptist Church ; has 
been Town.ship Supervisor, Assessor, 
Trustee, and all township offices, except 
Clerk ; is a member of A., F. & A. M., 
No. 75, West Point. 

Lowery, Daniel, far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

IjOWKUY, D., physician and sur- 
geon, office and residence Jefi'erson St.; 
was born in Berlin, Somerset Co., 
Penn., Aug. 23, 1806 ; attended the 
common schools and eighteen montlis 
at college ; at the age of 18, commenced 
the study of medicine with Dr. Cooper, 
of Johnstown, Penn. ; remained two 
years, thence to Philadelphia, entered 



the Medical (JoUege, and graduated 
after a three-years' courses; commen(;ed 
practice at Salisbury, Penn. There, in 
1828, h(! married Miss Susan Mattingly, 
who was born in Alleghany (Jo., Md., 
in 1804, daughter of Samuel M., a 
farnnsr ; she d'lvA in 18!>!i, hiaving four 
children— William 'l\, lOlh^n M., Mar- 
tha A. and Samuel, lie remained in 
Salisbury two years ; in 18;{5, removed 
to ]jathroi)olis, Ohio, and jtracticed f(j|- 
three years ; thenc(i to (Jhillicothe, 
Ohio. During the first yeai- of his 
residence there, he married Esther Tea- 
garden, daughter of Jacob T., a farnu^r 
of Pickaway Co., Ohio ; she was born 
in 1816. He remained there until 
1889, thence to Mercer Co., Ohio, wh(u-e 
he had a large practice until his luialth 
failed, then returned to Pickaway ('o. 
to recruit, and, in 1845, came to Lee 
Co., West Point, among the early set- 
tlers of this part of the county ; in 
1851, his wife died of the cholera, leav- 
ing five children — Clement (I., a (Cath- 
olic priest at Cedar Rapids, Iowa ; 
Sarah, Perpetua 0., Esther S. and 
Daniel J. He then married Miss Mary 
Simmons, who was born in Athens (Jo., 
Ohio, in 1828; daughter of Joseph S., 
a farmer of that county, who took his 
third wife when 101 years of age; they 
have six children — Mary A., Lydia 
Alice, Joseph H., John M., Clara J. 
and Charles Edward. After coming to 
Lee Co., his practice steadily increased; 
at one time, for six weeks he did not 
enter a bed, but slept either in his 
saddle or carriage, and at another time, 
for three weeks ; but for the last twelve 
years he has rather laid his practice 
aside, and has devoted a part of his 
time and attention to the growing of 
grapes ; has a fine vineyard. His first 
wife was a Catholic, and had a supply 
of books treating upon that subject; 
he began an investigation, and, in 1885, 
joined that Church ; his second wife 
joined that Church in 1840, and his 
third wife in 1858 ; all his children who 
have attained a suitable age are mem- 
bers of the same church. Democratic 
in politics. 

Ludolph, Martin, far., Sec. 26; P. 0. 
Fort Madison. 

Lutz, Jacob, cooper. West foint. 



8(H) 



DIRECTORY OF LEE CK)UNTY: 



Luetvehan$, F., far., Soo. 17 ; 1'. 0. West 

Point. 
Luotkolians, H.. far.. Soc. Ui ; V. 0. West 

Point. 

MoOABE. JACOB, tar.. Seo. 2 ; P. 
O. West Point. 
.MfCAKE. AKTlirK. famun- and 
stoek-growor. 8oo. 1 ; P. 0. Fort Mad- 
ison : son o\' AVarren IMoCabo, of Sns- 
sex Co., Dol. ; there ho was born in 
ISIO, and lived xintil 15 j-ears of age, 
when his father removed to Eaton. 
Preble Co., Ohio; was among the early 
settlers, and improved a farm, whieh he 
continued to eultivate until his old age, 
when he retired to the village, and re- 
sided until his death, at the age of 75 ; 
Arthur renuiined at home until 21 years 
of age, then went to Lebanon. Ohio, and 
engaged in the nianufaeture of fanning- 
inills. He married Miss Susan Christ, 
i\ native of Virginia; born in 1S17; 
daughter of elaeob Christ, of Stanton. 
Angust^i Co.. Ohio ; her nuither, whose 
maiden name was Mowery, afterward 
ivmoved to Preble Co., and there Mr. and 
jVIi-s. I\leCabe were married in Oeiober. 
1885 ; soon atVer, he purehased a small 
inrm near Eviton. on whieh they lived 
wntil the fall of lS4o, when they eame 
to Lee Co., and fii"st settled west of 
Wt^t Point, on a farm now oeenpied by 
Mr. Taylor, and remained until 1847, 
when he removed to his present res- 
idenee, where he owns 400 aeres of land, 
valued at S40 per aere ; they have ten 
children ; the eldest, Jacob C., was born 
in Ohio Sept. 13, ISoti; a farmer of 
Lee Co. ; liaban T.. born in Ohio Jan. 
31, 1839 — now in the livery busint^ss at 
Fort Madison ; William H. 11., born in 
Ohio May 4, 1841 — he enlisted in the 
U)th L v. I., Co. E, Capt. Adams, 
August, 1862 ; served through the war, 
participating in various battles and skir- 
mishes with the regiment, and was nuis- 
tered out in 18(.i5, at Davenport, Iowa ; 
jiow in the mercantile business at Clarke 
Co., Mo, ; James 1\. was born in liCe 
Co. in December, 1848, now a farmer 
in Clarke Co., Mo. ; Josiah C, born in 
liCe Co. Dee. 6, 184l?, also a t^irmer of 
Clarke Co.. Mo. ; Eliza J., the wife of 
Charles C. Brown, a farmer of Clarke 
■(^0., Mo., was born in Lee Co. Feb. 28. 
1S49; Arthur E.. born Au^-. 28. 1854. 



a tjirmer of Lee Co. ; Huston R., born 
Jan. 8, 1854 ; he is farming the home 
farm; Eva. born Nov. 5, 1858. the 
wife of Charles C. TuUis, a farmer of 
Lee Co. ; and Ella, born Oet. 21.1802, 
who still remains at home, comprising a 
family noted for their industry, honesty 
and respectability. Mr. and Mrs. 
McCabe have both been members of the 
M. E. Church for many years; he has 
held various ollices in the Church (Pitt- 
man Chapels ; he has also held various 
township offices. In the accumulation 
of property, 3Ir. McCabe has been very 
successful ; and what he possesses, has 
earned by good business tnet and man- 
agement. 

^leCardel, J as., far. ; P. O. West Point. 

McDonald. J. L., teamster. West Point. 

^lcDom\ell, N. C, saloon. West Point. 

McKabbin. A. P., poultry-dealer. West 
Point. 

^laiberger, tu\nge, far.. Sec. ll>; P. O. 
West Point. 

Marks, H., tar., S. 35 ; P. 0. Ft. Madison. 

^lartin, Charles, merchant. West Point. 

Ill Fill L. JOHN, retired; residence 
Washington street; born in Bavaiia, 
Gxn-many, in 1813; at the ag-e of IG 
was apprenticed to learn the shoe- 
maker's trade ; served two yeai-s, then 
worked at journey work until 22 years 
of age, then left his mother, brothers 
and sisters, and en\igrated to this coun- 
try, stopping in New York for one year, 
thence to Marietta. Ohio, where he 
married Miss Mary Beshtold Nov. 21, 
1838; she was born in Germany in 
I81i^ emigrated to this country in 
1837 ; they remained in Marietta until 
the summer of 183l>. when he came to 
Lee Co.. and to West Point, where he 
continued his business, the manufacturt> 
ot' haiul made boots and shoes, employ- 
ing a force of seven and eight men, 
until 18li8. when he retired. Owns his 
residence here, valued at S2.000, also a 
farm in Pleasant Ixidge Tp. of 200 
aeres, valued at $40 per acre. They 
have two children — John, musician and 
dealer in pianos and org-ans in Mt. 
Pleasant ; Catharine, wife of Philip 
Entler, dealer in hardware at West 
Point. jNlr. and Mrs. -Mehl are mem-- 
bers oi' the Lutheran Church, and their 
children of the Presbvterian Church. 



WEST POINT TOWNSHIP 



8()1 



Menke, Diet, far., Sec. 5 ; W (). West 

l*oint. 
Mcrschmau, F., far., 8cc. If); 1'. O. West 

Point. 
Meyers, Jacob, far., Sec. 4 ; V. O. West 

Point. 
Meyertholoii, Henry, far.. Sec. 4; P.O. 

West Point. 
Mitchell, J. C, bricklayer, West Point. 
Mittendorf, Theodore, far., Sec. (5 ; P. 0. 

West Point. 
Mullor, Joseph, far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. West 

Point. 

NACKF., CONRAD, tailor. West 
Point. 
Nacke, J. F., tailor. West Point. 
Nacke, William, clerk, West Point. 
Neiwa, H., far., Sec. 8; P. O. West Point. 
Nelson, J. H., carpenter, West Point. 
Neurey, Herman, laborer, West Point. 

OiNSTOTT, GEO 11(1 E, far., Sec. Ui; 
P. O. Fort Madison. 
Onstott, John, far., Sec. 12; P. 0. West 

Point. 
Otta, Greorge, laborer, West Point. 
Otta, John", tailor. West Point. 
Otta, Theodore, laborer, West Point, 

PAHLENKF.MPEU, G., dealer in 
prodnce, West Pt)int. 

Parker, D. B., shoemaker, West Point. 

Peebler, J. !">., painter. West Point. 

Petess, Jacob, hotel, West Point. 

Pickering, Henry, jeweler, West Point. 

Pieper, Theodore, carpenter, West Point. 

Pie{>er, Harnien, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Pittman, C. W., physician, West Point. 

Pitman, Greene, mail-carrier, West Foint, 

Pitman, L. G., far., Sec. 11 ; P, 0. West 
Point, 

PITTMAN, I.YI>lA,far,, Sec. 11 ; 
P. 0. West P(»iiit;she was born in 
Lanrel Co., near London, Ky., 18li4, 
daughter of William G. and I'atsy C. 
P., nee Pittman (her mother and father 
were cousins) ; when 1 year of age, her 
parents moved to Bureau Co., near 
Pekin, 111., thence, a few months after, 
to this county, and settled where she 
now resides, and owns 211 acres, valued 
at $40 per acre. In 1842, the family, 
consisted of father, mother and three 
children ; in March the mother died, 
and the year following, her brother, Am- 
brose, died; May 24; 1854, her sister 
Mary died, leaving Lydia J. to be the 



staft" and support of her father s declin- 
ing years ; she was faithful to the trust 
until* his death June 20, 1878; he was 
born in Woodford Co., Ky., ITiK") ; a 
pioneer of this ctmnty ; he cast his bal- 
lot with the first cast in the county, 
with the Whig party ; when that was no 
more, he joined the Kei)ublicans. Al- 
though he nev(>r united formally with 
any church, he attended the dilVerent 
churches, and gave liberally for the sup- 
port of the ministry. The golden rule 
was exemplified in him in every trans- 
action of bis life with his fellow-nnMi, no 
matter how trivial. 
1MTMA]\, It. W.,far., Sec. 2, West 
Point Tp.; F. 0. West Foint ; was born 
in. Laurel Co., Ky., April 27, 1827, and 
came to Lee Co. with his parents wIumi 
in the 9th year of his age. 'IMie l*it- 
man family came the entire distance 
from l\(>ntueky by ox-team, and crossed 
the Mississippi Kiver, opposite the pres- 
ent site of the Feiiitentiary, on the 20th 
day of April, 18:55. and went directly to 
the neighborhood where they have ever 
since resided. When the Pitmans set- 
tled t)n their claim, they were on the ex- 
treme borders of civilization, and be- 
yond them westward there were no set- 
tlers ; for many years, there were no 
schools, except subscription schools. 
The elder Pitman was poor and had a 
large fiinily to support, and, as soon as 
the boys were large lujough, they were 
put to work to help improve the claim 
and help maintain tlie family. The sub- 
ject of this sketch, the fourth son of 
the family, and the first by his father's 
third wife, grew to manhood without 
the benefits of even a common-school 
school education. All his knowledge of 
books and men was gained by his own 
industry and studious habits ; tliere are 
but few men in Lee or any other county 
in Iowa who possesses a more diversified 
fund of useful information than K. W. 
Pitman ; as a writer and speaker, he 
far excels most men of better advan- 
tages. In February, 1849, when in the 
22d year of his age, he married Miss 
Belinda C, the youngest daughter of 
Simeon W. and Sarah Cooley, pioneers 
in Athens Co.. Ohio, who removed 
from the Buckeye State to JjCc County 
in 1843, After his marriage, Mr. Pit- 



862 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



man settled down to the life of a farmer 
on the, old homestead, where he still re- 
sides ; his wife, Belinda* died Dec. 31, 
1849, leaving an infant son, Lewis 
Cooley, named after his two grand- 
fathers ; this son lived about nine 
months, and then followed his mother. 
June 10, 1850, Mr. Pitman married 
his present wife, Amanda Cooley. a sis- 
ter of his first wife ; has had eight chil- 
dren. During the war, Mr. Pitman 
was Provost Marshal for Lee Co., a 
position for which he was peculiarly 
well fitted. A farmer by education, he 
has always taken an active part in the 
agricultural interests of the county, and 
to his energy and enterprise the people 
of Lee Co. owe the success and pros- 
perity of the Agricultural Society. In 
all public enterprises, he has always 
taken an active and guiding part. As 
a friend and neighbor, R. W. Pitman is 
a noble representative of the Kentucky 
type ; his latch-string always hangs out- 
side, and no one, no matter what their 
caste or color, ever went hungry or cold 
from his home ; he has always been 
known as the poor man's friend. 

Pittman, Wm. G-., druggist. West Point. 

PITTMAN, W. G., dealer in drugs 
and medicines, corner Monroe and Jef- 
ferson sts.; rosidence, Columbia, between 
Monroe and Race streets ; was born at 
West Point in 18-12 ; he received such 
an education as could be obtained at the 
District school of the day, and at the 
Denmark Academy for a time. In 
1861, he enlisted in the 4th I. V. C, 
served one year, was discharged on 
account of disability, and engaged as 
sutler in the army for three years, until 
the close of the war. In 1865, he 
married Miss Harriet Root, daughter of 
Wareham and Charlotte M. Root ; she 
was born in Washington Co., N. Y., in 
1840. He engaged in farming until 
1869, after which he engaged in the 
mercantile business ; also held the post 
ofiice until 1873, at which time, his 
health failing, he returned to farming 
for a time, then re-engaged in busi- 
ness, this time addins; druo;s and medi- 
cines, which he has since continued ; he 
owns several residence-houses, the farm 
on which he was born, consisting of 140 
acres, valixed at $40 per acre, and also 



several tracts of wild land and town 
lots in different parts of the State ; they 
have one child — Arlitta May, born in 
1868. Republican; is a member of the 
M. E. Church, in which he has held 
various ofiices ; Mrs. Pittman is also a 
member of the same Church. He has 
held the office of Justice of the Peace; 
is now Mayor ; is Secretary of the Dis- 
trict Agricultural Society. 

Pitz, Barney, farmer, West Point. 

Pitz, Frank, teamster, West Point. 

Pogge, Harmen, far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. West 
Point, 

Posgy, Frank, laborer, West Point. 

Poilpeter, Harmen, far., S. 21 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Poilpeter, Henry. Sec. 34 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Poilpeter, John, far., Sec. 2 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Publiska, Anton, broom-maker, West 
Point. 

Publiska, Frank, broom-maker. West 
Point. 

Publiska, John, broom-maker. West Point. 

RARE, ANDREW, tailor, West 
Point. 

Reisner, Fred, druggist. West Point. 

Rempe, Harmen, far., S. 14 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

RICHARD, F., physician and sur- 
geon ; residence and office corner Mon- 
roe and Casey streets ; was born in 
Hanover, Germany, in 1824, and, at 
the age of 13, entered school at Osua- 
bruck, where he remained until 1840 ;. 
then engaged as clerk in the banking: 
business until he came to this country 
in 1849 ; stopped in Baltimore for a 
short time, thence to Philadelphia and 
euLtaged in the commission business 
until 1852 ; thence to Cincinnati, Ohio, 
where he engaged in the drug trade 
until his health failed ; he entered 
Miami College in 1866, for the study 
of medicine ; remained until 1868, then 
removed to Richmond, Ind., and com- 
menced practice, which he followed four 
years, and, in 1872, returned to Cincin- 
nati, practiced until 1876. and then 
came to Lee Co., West Point, and is 
now enjoying his share of the business 
in his profession here. During the 
year 1857, he married Miss Elizabeth 
Schwerman, daughter of B. Schwer- 



WEST POINT TOWNSHIP. 



863 



man, a weaver of woolen cloth in that 
county ; she emigrated to this country 
in 1854, and came to Cincinnati, where 
they were married ; they have one child 
— Elizabeth, born in 1859. Independ- 
ent; members of the Catholic Church. 

Kiley, W., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. West Point. 

RINISISR, JACOB, miller. Sec. 5 ; 
P. 0. West Point ; a son of Daniel 
Risser, who was born in Bavaria, Ger- 
many, Aug. 25, 1784, and May 26, 
1811, married Elizabeth, daughter of 
Henry Smith ; she was born in Hesse- 
Darmstadt, Germany, Nov. 28, 1786 ; 
having jjassed her wedded life in the 
same house in which she was born, she 
died in 1824, leaving a family of one 
son and three daughters ; with them 
the father came to America, and died 
• at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1838 ; Mr. Ris- 
ser, the only son, was born Dec. 12, 
1815; at the age of 16, was appren- 
ticed to a cabinet-maker ; served out his 
apprenticeship, and worked at jour 
work a few years; in 1841, he em- 
barked in business for himself in Cleve- 
land, Ohio, and on Dec. 8, 1842, he 
married Amelia M., daughter of John 
Miller, the account of whose murder 
appears in this volume ; she was born 
near the city of Newburg, on the Dan- 
ube, May 16, 1821, and with her par- 
ents emigrated to America when 21 
years of age ; in the spring of 1845, 
they emigrated to Lee Co., and settled 
■on a farm southwest of West Point ; 
in 1854, came to their present place of 
residence near West Point, where he 
owns his residence, ninety acres of land 
and one-half interest in a mill, all val- 
ued at $6,700. Have six children — 
Daniel F., born at Cleveland, Ohio, 
Nov. 8, 1843, now a teacher at Sum- 
merfield. 111. ; John, born Dec. 17, 
1845, a farmer of Pleasant Ridge Tp. ; 
Jacob M., born Nov. 2, 1847, also a 
farmer of Pleasant Ridge Tp. ; Abra- 
ham, born Aug. 30, 1850, died Feb. 
22, 1852 ; Mary A., born Dec. 7, 1853 ; 
Annie A., born March 22, 1858, died 
April 6, 1858. 

Rippen, Rioeger, stock-farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 
0. West Point. 

Rissinger, George, farmer. Sec. 26 ; P., 0. 
Fort Madison. 

Risser, Jacob, far., S. 5; P. 0. West Point. 



Robinson George, farmer, Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 

Fort Madison. 
Roots, P. P., teacher, West Point. 
Roth, Peter, cooper. West Point. 
Ruet^r, Joseph, far., Sec. 15 ; P. 0. West 

Point. 
Rump, John, miller. West Point. 
Ruofi', G., stone-cutter, West Point. 

S ALLEN, JOSEPH, farmer. Sec. 27 ; 
P. 0. West Point. 
SALMON, ANNIE M., MRN., 

retired ; was born in Saxony, City of 
Dresden, Oct. 5, 1828 ; the daughter of 
Benedict Salmon, dealer in boots and 
shoes, and, when 85^ years of age, with 
her parents, emigrated to this country ; 
they came to St. Louis, where her father 
engaged in the grocery and provision 
business until 1845, then retired, and 
acted as collector for his church. May 
5, 1846, she married Adolphus Salmon, 
who was born of wealthy Hebrew parent- 
age, in Hamburg, Germany, in 1802 ; 
was highly educated in the language 
and music, but owing to commercial re- 
verses, came to this country with thi'ee 
of his brothers, landing at New Orleans 
in 1828; there he taught music, and 
was leader of the orchestra in a theatre 
of that city ; he continued there winters, 
passing the summer seasons North, for 
seven years; in 1837, he came to West 
Point, where he established himself in 
the grocery business, and afterward add- 
ed drugs. In 1840, he married Miss 
Mary Acorn, daughter of pioneers of 
Lee Co. ; she was born in Germany, in 
1824, and died in 1845, leaving one 
child — Rosa, born March 23, 1842, now 
the wife of Dr. Molitor, a physician of 
Somonauk. In the fall of 1845, while on 
business in St. Louis, he became ac- 
quainted with the subject of this 
. sketch ; May 5, 1846, they were 
married, and the 13th of the 
same month they came to West Point. 
In 1847, he erected a flouring-mill at 
West Point, considered at that time the 
best mill in the State ; in 1850, he was 
elected to the State Legislature ; Mr. 
Hempstead was Governor at the time ; 
also served as Mayor of West Point, and 
held the post oflSce from 1846 to 1850; 
Feb. 9, 1864, after a long and painful 
illness, he died, leaving a family of six 
children ; the eldest, Theresa J., was 



864 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



born Ji'ne 3, 1847, now the wife of 
Melvin Smith, a physician of Coneville, 
Iowa; married Mov. 14, 1867; Gusta- 
vus A., born Dec. 11, 1848, a resident 
of Columbus Junction, dealer in drugs 
and medicines; Edward J., born March 
18, 1852, a resident of Troy Mills, Linn 
Co., Iowa, a dealer in drugs — also prac- 
ticing law ; -vras admitted to the bar in 
1877 ; Albert A., born Feb. 3, 1854, 
a resident of Colorado ; Theodore M., 
born Dec. 2, 1857, a resident of Musca- 
tine, Iowa, teacher of music, and an ex- 
cellent pianist ; Adolphus H., born June 
8, 1860, who remains at home at pres- 
ent, engaged in teaching. Mrs. Salmon 
connected herself with the German 
Lutheran Church, in St. Louis, at the 
age of 13; and with the Presbyterian 
Church at this place, at the age of 
31 ; Mr. Salmon was a member 
of the Presbyterian Church, and was 
made President and Trustee of the 
Building Committee during the erection 
of their fine church, erected 1 862. Soon 
after their marriage, the parents of Mrs. 
S. came to live with them, and remained 
until her mother died, in 1857; her 
father, Oct. 2, 1862. 

Sandbote, H., farmer. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

SCOTT, ROWLAND THOS., 
farmer, Sec. 2; P. 0. West Point; was 
born in Marion Tp., Lee Co., June, 
1 839, where his father, James S., settled 
in 1836, from Illinois. Dec. 25, 1861, 
he married Miss Nettie Koberts, who 
was born at Monroe, Mich., in 1842 ; 
daughter of Hiram M. Roberts, former- 
ly a member of the Michigan Confer- 
ence, until his health failed, in 1853, 
when he removed to Iowa, where he 
was connected with the Iowa Wesleyan 
University, and later, witht he institution 
at West Point. Although past the age 
for military duty,when the war began he 
volunteered in the 6th Iowa Inf , and 
served as private and corporal for sever- 
al months, when he was discharged ; 
again entered the service in 37th Iowa 
Inf, known as the Gray-Beard Resri- 
ment ; in this he served as 1st Sergeant, 
until colored troops were organized in 
Missouri, when he was commissioned 
2d Lieutenant in the 3d Mo. Colored 
Vol., afterward known as the 67th U. S. 



C. I. ; his regiment was sent to Port Hud- 
son, La., and soon after its organization, 
the duties being very severe, many of 
the officers and men sickened and died ; 
Lieut. Roberts was ever ready for his 
turn of duty, and did his full share of 
the hardest work ; besides the duties re- 
quired, he personally instructed his men 
in reading and writing, and often assist- 
ed the Chaplain in his duties; he con- 
tinued his duties with his regiment un- 
til its consolidation with another regi- 
ment, when he was detailed as Superin- 
tendent of the Freedman's Schools, in 
which his zeal for the rights and interest 
for the freedman, made him a valuable 
worker ; he had just been returned to 
duty with his regiment, when he was 
attacked with congestive fever, and died 
May 22, 1866, at Baton Rouge, La., at 
the age of 57 ; was in the service about 
five years ; a good soldier, a patriotic, 
honest, active, Christian man. Soon aft- 
er their marriage, Mr, and Mrs. Scott 
removed to their present place of resi- 
dence, consisting of a farm of 120 acres, 
valued at $40 per acre ; they have five 
children — Freddie G., born Dec. 15, 
1862 ; George H., born March 25, 
1864; Ida E., born Dec. 20, 1866; 
Lulu May, born Oct. 20, 1869 ; Chas. 
Willis, born Jan. 25, 1872. Democrat. 
Members of Pittman Chapel, M. E. 
Has held various township and school 
oflices. 

Scovel, L. A., farmer. West Point. 

Scovel, Lewellen, former. West Point. 

SCOVEjL, R. a., dealer in stoves 
and tinware, Washington street ; resi- 
dence, Columbia street ; born in West 
Point, in 1851 ; after receiving an edu- 
cation such as could be obtained at the 
common schools of the day, at the age 
of 24, he entered his present business. 
May, 1878, he married Miss Lena 
Seim, daughter of Geo. Seim, a cabinet- 
maker of West Point ; she was born in 
West Point, in 1853. He is a Repub- 
lican ; has been City Recorder for three 
years. Mrs. Scovel is a member of the 
Presbyterian Church. 

Schetiier, Anton, farmer. Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
Fort Madison. 

Schier, Lorenz, farmer. Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
Fort Madison. 

Schierbrock, Christ, carpenter, West Point. 



WEST POINT TOWNSHIP. 



865 



Schierbrock, Herm., carpenter,West Point. 

Schierbrock, Wm., carpenter, West Point. 

S-hmidt, Henry, far., S. 20 ; P.O. Frank- 
lin. 

Schmitt, Christian, laborer, West Point. 

Schmitt, Jacob H., wagon-maker, West 
Point. y 

Schmitt, Peter, blacksmith. West Point. 

Schoene, Phillip, far.. Sec. 29; P. 0. 
Franklin. 

Schroeder, H., far., Sec. 15; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Schulte, E., far., S. 4 ; P. O. West Point. 

Schuck, John P., hotel. West Point. 

Schulte, Joseph, far., S. 5 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Schwartz, Jacob, far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Sein, George, furniture. West Point. 

Sela, E. Q., harness-maker. West Point. 

Sheu, Alex., stone-cutter. West Point. 

Short, Christ, far., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Frank- 
lin. 

SMITH, JOSEPH, farmer, Sec. 
16; P. 0. West Point; son of Xavier 
and Kate Smith, natives of Colman, 
France, who, in 1846, emigrated to 
Texas ; thence to New Orleans, and, in 
1848, to Lee Co., settling in West 
Point Tp., where he engaged in farm- 
ing, devoting a portion of his time to 
the carpenter's trade, which he had 
previously learned; he died in 1871, 
leaving a widow and five children — 
three sons and two daughters ; Joseph, 
the subject of this sketch, was the sec- 
ond son and third born ; he was born in 
Castro ville, Texas, April, 1846 ; at 2 
years of age, was brought to this county ; 
after receiving the advantages of a 
common-school education, at the age of 
20, he learned the cooper's trade, which 
he followed for nine years, with the 
exception of which, he has been en- 
gaged in cultivating and improving his 
farm, consisting of 105 acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre. Democratic in 
politics ; members of the Catholic 
Church. Ke has held various town- 
ship and school offices, and now holds 
the office of Assessor, and is President 
of the School Board. 

Snadt, Garrett, far., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Snively, A. C, far., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 



Snively, Henry, far.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Snyder, John, laborer. West Point. 

Snyder, Nicholas, laborer. West Point. 

Spicer, W. A., laborer, West Point. 

Stanffer, Christ, far., Sec. 26 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

Stegman, Conrad, far., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. 
Fort Madison. 

STEGMAN, COONROD, far., Sec. 
24 ; P. 0. Fort Madison ; born in Sax- 
ony, Germany, Jan. 24, 1826 ; Hved 
there until 19 years of age, and with 
his parents emigrated to Texas, where 
they remained but a short time, thence 
to St. Louis, where they passed the 
winter of 1846 and 1847 ; thence to 
St. Charles Co., Mo., where his father 
engaged in farming, and he, returning 
to the Mississippi River, engaged in 
steamboating, which he continued until 
April, 1857, when he married Maggie, 
daughter of John Gayer, of this county ; 
she was born in Wittenberg, Germany, 
Sept. 21, 1839, and with her parents 
emigrated to America in 1855, first set- 
tling in Niagara Co., N. Y., and, in 1856, 
in Lee Co. In 1853, he purchased a 
farm of forty -five acres in Washington, 
Tp., which he retained until 1857, then 
sold and bought eighty acres where he 
now resides, valued at |20 per acre. 
They have seven children — Martha A., 
born April 19, 1858 (the wife of George 
Davis, of this county) ; Annie M., 
Feb. 4, 1860 ; Mary C, Jan. 26, 1862 ; 
Charles R., Feb. 8, 1866 ; Katie, Jan. 
11, 1868; Adam B., April 29, 1869, 
and Minnie A., March 30, 1873. In- 
dependent in politics ; members of the 
Lutheran Church. 

Stephenson, J. D., far.. Sec. 12; P.O. 
Denmark. 

Stevens, Asa M., laborer, West Point. 

Stevens, Thomas H., laborer, West Point. 

Stevenson, S. E., far.. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. West 
Point. 

STE VEXSOlf, J. I>.,far., Sec. 12; 
P. 0. Fort Madison; born in Meigs 
Co., Ohio, July 11, 1825. In the fall of 
1840, he came with his parents, Dr. J. 
P. and Eliza S., nee Thomas, to Lee 
Co. ;,they settled west of Denmark, on 
the farm now owned by Mr. Vantyle. 
He attended school until 19 or 20 years 
of age, then learned the carpenter's 



806 



IHRKOrOHY OF l.KK COUNTY 



until Jan. 1, 1S78, when he received 
the appointment of Postmaster, and took 
the position ; bought a stock of gro- 
ceries, and has since been engaged in 
bis present business ; thoy have one 
child — k>st two ; Harry D.. born June 
9. IStUi ; Edgar W..' born Aug. 19. 
lSl?S. and died Aug. 7. ISTl ; Julian 
S.. born April 2o. 1871. and died June 
2(5, 1873. 3Iembers of the Baptist 
Church ; Clerk of same and Super- 
intendent ot Sabbath school. 

Srothuian. Casper, far.. Sec. 9; F. 0. 
West Point. 

Stuckoy. John, waiiou-maker. West Point. 



trade, which he has followed at times 
since. Sept. 24, 1846, he married Miss 
C. A. -Rice ; her fi\ther. Col. Jonas 
Kice. in 1839, came to Lee Co.. from 
Worcester Co., Mass. ; died March 30, 
18G3 ; she was born in Worcester Co., 
3Iass., Aug. 30. 1829 : the spring tbl- 
lowing their marriage, they removed to 
their present residence, where he now 
owns 200 acres oi' land, valued at S40 
per acre. They had thirteen children — 
Amanda M. born Auii'. 24. 1847. died 
Oct. 14, 1803; J. E.. Feb. 1. 1849. 
who taught in Penniark Academy for 
three yeai-s, now of Bethany College. 
West Virginia; Eliza J., Jan. 18. 1851 I Stuckey, Joseph, tar.; P. 0. West Point, 
(^now the wife of Charles H. Umphrey, j Stuckey, Noah, tai.. Sec. 29; P.O. Frank- 
it farmer of Bellville. AV. Va. ) ; Julia A., j lin Centre. 

Aov. 4, 1852 (^now the wife of James i n^HOX, JOHN, butcher. West Point. 
Alter, a farmer, Henry Co.") ; Clara D., ' JL 

Feb. 11, 1855. died Nov. 20. 1857 ; John i Torley, William, merchant. West Point. 
D., Jr., May 2.3, 1857; Lewis E.. July ! Tolle." J^vseph. far.. Sec. 17; P. 0. We^t 
1, 1859; Sherman, Nov. 25, ISOT; i Point. 

Clara E.. Nov. 21. 1804; Ada B., Oct. Tuddiughotl". Wm.. tar.. Sec, 0; P. 0. 
27. 1800; Nellie J., Feb. 1. 1870, and West Point. 

Sumner S., June 19. 1870. Mr. and Tullis C. .S: W., fars.. Sec. 10; P. 0. West 
Mrs. Stevenson have been meinbei-s of i Point. 

the Christian Church, he since 18 and I ^TANOEHHAR, BARNEY, laborer 
she since 14 years of age, in which they i V West Point, 
have been joined by all their eldest, j Vanderhar. Garet, blacksmith, West Point, 
children. Mr. S. was first chosen Pea- rVanhyming, Geo., tiir., Sec. 11; P. O. 
con, but is now Elder of the church at I West Point. 



Lost Creek ; he is also leader of the 
choir ; has held various school offices. 
Stoddard. Anthony, far.. Sec. 34; P. 0. 
West Point. 



Yanhyming. H., far.. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. West 

Point. 
Vanhyming. V. R., far.. Siv. 11 ; P. tV 

West Point. 



Stoddard. E,. far.. Sec. 4: P. 0. West TT^ALKER. D. P.. stock-dealer. West 

Point. \\ Point. 

8T01>1>AKI>. E. !>.. Postmaster Wallace. -Morris, tar. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Fort 

and dealer in groceries, corner Monroe Madison. 

and .letterson sts. ; residence the same ; Wallyasper. H.. far.. Sec. 5; P. 0. West 

born in West Point April 14. 1842; ' Point. 

educated in the schools of West Point. Walgasper, John, laborer. \\ est Point. 

and three terms at Peniuark Academy. ' Walg.isper. Otto, retired. West Point. 

In 1801, he enlisted; his health not Walgasper. Stephen, carpenter. West Point. 

permitting him to remain with the army, WKKKK. H., of Weber ^^ Schulte. 

uianufacturei-s and dealers in harnes-*, 
saddlery, leather and shoe fiuding-s, wr. 
Washington and Madison sts., i-esi- 
dencc detlerson St. ; was born in Bava- 
ria, trermany in 1832 ; at the agv> ot' 
17, was apprenticed to learn the trade 
of harness-making and earriagi^trini- 
ming ; was to serve the usual time of 
three years ; he bought the last six 
months of his time, and emigrated to 



was discharged. Then went to Beards- 
town, 111., where he engaged in the 
nursery business, and was made Deputy 
Po vost Marshal for the Ninth District 
and remained there two years. Married 
Miss Annie C. Sturdivant, daughter of 
C. C. Sturdivant, of Beardstown, 111. ; 
she was born at La (i range. III.. July 
lt>, 1843 ; they came immediately to 
Lee Co., where he euiiaiiod in farmiuii' 



DENMyMtK TOWNSlllT 



867 



this country; iit NiiWiirk, N. J., lio 
W()rlc(id lor ono year, thciKMi l,u lllirioi.s ; 
rt'iiiuiiu'd Cor (wo yourH, Mioiuu) to (jiiihiH- 
bur<j; (or ono y^Jir; in 1855, ho canio to 
Wiist Point, whiiH! he n^niaincd Cor ono 
year and returned to thci ohi eountry, 
when; ho niarricHl Miss Ohristine l^^ichcr; 
who was born in 1 1 esse- Darmstadt, (ler- 
rnany,in IH'.VJ, ; returned to West Voint, 
whore ho conihietod his business ah)ne 
until IH7.'>, wh(Mi he rticoived as a part- 
ner', Joseph Sehuhe, with whom ho has 
since boon associated. Tluiy have lour 
chihJren — Albert J., Princi|);d of the 
village school; Edwin, Oliver and 
Amanda. Democrat. Owns one-hall' 
interest in place of business, his resi- 
dence and other property, all valued at 
|4,(»00 to ,|r),()0(). Memb(^rs ol' the 
Mennonito Church. 

Weidel, J., far., S. li); V. O. KnuilJin. 

Werner; Wm., far., Sec. !) ; I'. O. West 
Point. 

Wheatly, 11. 8., miller, 'West I'oint. 

Whiehard, Theodore, shoemaker. West 
Point. 

Whitlock, CharUiS, carpenter, West Point. 

Whorton, Wm., far.,S. :52 ; P.O. Franklin. 

Wilson, Henry, harness-maker, West 
Point. 



Wilson, Ohas. K., teamster, W(!St Point.. 

WlliSOIV, JOSFiril, far.. Hoc. 
11; P. O. h'ort Madison ; was l)orn in 
Lancashire, !i]nii;land, in IH2I, wluiro 
he was cared for by his parents until 1(1 
years of u<i;e, after whieh he workcnl as 
a common laborer unl,il liS yiiars of a}^(! ; 
then married Miss Dorathy l*rime; she 
was born in Lancashire, l<]nj!;land, in 
IHliO; about a year after, they em- 
barked for America, coming' direct to 
Aurora, 111., whore he engaged at brick- 
making and burning lime; thence to 
Do Kalb Co., ill. ; t'henc(!, in IcSf):), to 
Iowa; st-()[)))(!d at Mount Pleasant for 
t,wo yc^ars, and in ISf)*?, to L(^e Co., 
where h(5 now r('sides and owns (SO a.(res 
of land, valued at %'J,^) [>er acri;. 'I'lnry 
have liv(! ehildr(!n- — William, Margaret 
K., CIku-Ics li., Maria J., Joscspii S. 
Dciuiocral. 

Wilson, J. til., mail contractor, Wtist 
Point. 

Winn(!k(!, .loseph, far., Sec. !) ; P. O. W(!st 
Point. 

WoHe, 1). L., laborer, W(;st Point,. 

YO'ITKP, (IIIIMS'I'IAN, far., S.!.!. 
10; P. O. West Point. 
Yottcr, .Jacob, briekmason, West i'oint. 



DENMARK TOWNSHIP. 



ALSAP, JOHN, ox- Pastor Methodist 
Church, D(!ninark. 
Antrobus, James 11., attorney at law, Den- 
mark. 
"DANE, P. h]., earpentior, Denmark. 

Barry, William, sluxjmaker, Denmark. 

Bonnet, John, far., Siic, 153; !*.(). Den- 
mark. 

Blackington, N., retired far., Denmark. 

Blackington, William N., mer., Denmark. 

Brackett, (I. IJ., nursc^ryman, Denmark. 

BltO€KWA V, IfiAKTJN, farm- 
er. Sec. 153; P. O. Denmark; son of 
Titus lirockway, who was born in Ohio, 
18015, and married Nancy Wilson, who 
was born in Trumbull Co., Ohio, 1787. 
In 1 8/58, they were pioneers to Leo Co.. 
settling on Sec. !), in this township, 
where they remained until his death in 



I85;{, leaving a wife and elev(;n chil- 
dren. Martin, tin; young(!St, was born 
in 184!2j; (iducatcd at the common 
schools. On D(!c. llJ, LStiti, he uiarried 
Miss Sarah, datighter of James and 
Susannah McJ'jlhany, ncio Mc(jr(!gor, 
both of whom were born near I'itts- 
burgh, Penn.; afterward residents of 
Burlington, when; h(!r mother dicsd ; her 
father resided in thiscounty; died at Albia, 
Iowa, 18()r). vVflcr their marriage, they 
settled in Des Moines Co., Washington 
Tp.,wherethey remained until 187i{, when 
he purchased his pn!S(!nt property, con- 
sisting of 100 acr(!S of land, valued 
at $50 p(!r acre. They have two chil- 
dnm — Minni(! L., born January, 1871, 
and Charles, born Sept(!mber, 1870. 
llepubliean in politics. Mrs. Brockway 
is a member of the I'resbyt,erian Church 
12 



868 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



in which her parents were members of 
long standing. 

Brockway, Wilder, far., Denmark. 

BROOI^N, OJLIVER, farmer, Sec. 
33 ; P. 0. Denmark ; a grandson of 
Aaron Brooks, of Concord, Mass., and 
son of Stephen Brooks, who was born 
in Lincoln, Mass., March 22, 1759; 
there he married Rachel, daughter of 
Thadeus Taylor of New Ipswich, N. 
H.; she was born at Dunstable, Mass., 
Nov. 9, 1770 ; they were married at 
New Ipswich, N. H., in 1791 ; had 
seven sons and two daughters ; Oliver, 
the youngest but one, was born at New 
Ipswich, N. H., May 14, 1810; at- 
tended the common schools six weeks in 
winter and seven in summer ; at 1 8, 
worked in a cotton-factory in his native 
town ; afterward worked at Milford 
and Haskcel ; went thence to Lowell, 
Mass. June, 1835, he married Miss 
Eliza C, daughter of John Farrar, a 
descendant of Farrar, of Concord, Mass.; 
she was born at Concord, Mass., October, 
1811 ; fall of 1838, they came to Lee 
Co., via rail from Boston to Sterling, 
thence across Long Island Sound, by 
rail and canal to Philadelphia and Pitts- 
burgh, where they waited two weeks for 
water ; thence by water to Cincinnati, 
Louisville and St. Louis ; at Hannibal, 
their journey by water ended, on ac- 
count of the ice ; employed teams to 
carry them to Palmyra, Mo., and from 
there to Denmark ; were eight weeks on 
the road ; arrived on Thursday, and by 
■Saturday had purchased a claim of 1,600 
acres, and the same fall entered eighty 
where he now resides, and owns 285 
acres, averaging in value with other 
lands of the neighborhood. Have had 
no children of their own, but have 
raised more than a dozen from infancy 
to boyhood and girlhood, and three or 
four to manhood and womanhood. Mr. 
Brooks and his wife are members of the 
Congregational Church at Denmark ; he 
is not one of the original members, but 
among the first to join the church after 
its organization ; has been Church Clerk 
since 1839, a Deacon from that time to 
1877, and again elected Deacon in Jan- 
uary, 1-879, and Trustee and Treasurer 
of the Denmark Academy from its be- 
ginning until a few years since ; he has 



also been Clerk of the township for 

twenty years, and served one year as 

Township Assessor. 
Brown, Edward H., far., Sec. 32; P. 0. 

Denmark. 
Brown, William L., far., See. 20; P. O. 

Denmark. 
Bryant, W^alter, miller, South Augusta. 

CABTER, DANIEL S., for., See. 26 ; 
P. 0. Augusta. 

CASE, HOSEA S., faiiner. Sec. 30 ; 
P. 0. Denmark ; born in Ashtabula 
Co. March 16, 1816; in 1837, in his 
21st year, came to Lee Co. ; on his ar- 
rival he had nothing but $5 and a good 
outfit of ague ; during his first winter 
here, he broke through the ice on 
Skunk River, and has never had the 
ague since ; for three years, he worked 
by the month whenever he could get 
employment, and then purchased eighty 
acres of land in the section where he 
now resides, and for three years 
"bached" it with Deacon Burton. Jan. 
28, 1845, he married Mrs. Elizabeth, 
widow of Thomas Wilkie, of Utica, N. 
Y., and daughter of Lotan Briggs, an 
early settler of Lee Co.; she was born 
in Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1817, and died 
April 27, 1870 ; they had four children 
— Albert B., born Sept. 29, 1846 ; en- 
listed in the hundred-day service ; was 
killed by the cars at the city of Des 
Moines, April 1, 1869; Charles B., 
born June 3, 1848, a farmer in Mont- 
gomery Co., Iowa ; Arvilla E., born 
May 14, 1850, the wife of Alexander 
E. Staflbrd, a native of Ireland, now a 
resident of Nemaha Co., Kan. ; Lotan 
L. was born Dec. 6, 1852, who assists 
in the management of the farm. March 
5, 1871, Mr. Case married Mary E., 
daughter of his first wife by her former 
husband, Thomas Wilkie ; she was born 
in the city of Utica,, N. Y., March 22, 
1838. Since his first purchase of eighty 
acres, Mr. C. has made other purchases, 
until he now has 191 acres, valued at 
$45 per acre. His first wife was a 
member of the M. E. Church. 

Chickering, George, far., Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 
Denmark. 

COL.TON, GEO., farmer, Sec. 33 ; 
P. O. Denmark; son of Samuel H. 
Colton ; was born in Hartford, Conn. ; 
became a pioneer carpenter of Lee Co., 



DENMARK TOWNSHIP. 



869 



where he married Elmira Brockway, 
daughter of Titus Brockway, and born 
in Trumbull Co., Ohio ; they had six 
children — George, the eldest, born Dec. 
2, 1840 ; educated at the common 
schools. May 16, 1867, he married 
Miss Sophia J., daughter of Thomas 
Rodgers, a native of Tennessee, who 
became a resident of Lee Co., Wash- 
higton Tp., in 1839 ; first settled in 
Washington Tp., Des Moines Co. ; re- 
mained until 187G, then removed to 
their present place of residence, near 
Denmark, where he owns twenty- four 
acres of land, valued at $2,500. They 
have two children — Carrie A., born 
July 27, 1876 ; George F.. born March 
25, 1878. Republican. Mr. Colton 
has always taken a great interest in ed- 
ucational matters, and has held various 
school offices. 

Conaro, James, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Denmark. 

Conrad, Edwin, clerk, Denmark. 

Cowdrey, J. E., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Denmark. 

Curier, Thomas G., far.. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. 
Denmark. 

DAVIS, DAVID, retired farmer, Den- 
mark. 

Davis, Willis, physician, Denmark. 

Day, John, far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Denmark. 

Day, Kellogg, merchant, Denmark. 

Deeds, Ephreham, far.. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. 
Denmark. 

Delapp, Thomas, far., Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Au- 
gusta. 

TjSdMUND, ERICH, tailor, Denmark. 

Eggleston, Chauncey, far.. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 

Denmark. 
Eggleston, Hezekiah, carpenter, Augusta. 
1 Elder, William W., far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 

Augusta. 
Epps, George L., merchant, Denmark. 

FARNSWORTH, LEVI, M. D., Au- 
gusta. 

Fayerweather, James, clerk, Denmark. 

FIEIiD, ISAAC, retired; residence 
East street, Denmark ; was born in 
Peterboro, Hillsboro Co., N. H., in 
1 804 ; at the age of 2 1 , having received 
an academical education, taught school 
one winter, then went to Boston, where 
he entered the counting-room of a large 
lumber firm and remained until 1830. 
He married Miss Mary Green, born in 
Charlestown, Mass., Feb. 24, 1807 ; she 



lost her parents when a child, and was 
educated in Boston by Mr. Clapp ; they 
were married March 20, 1830. Soon 
after, he entered the hide and leather 
business, under the firm name of Field, 
Converse & Field, a brother of Mr. F. 
the third party ; this he continued until 
1838, then removed to Iowa, purchased 
afarmnear Denmark, which he improved 
and cultivated for a few years ; then, 
with Fox & Epps, of Denmark, he 
engaged in pork-packing and shipping 
to his brother in Boston ; just before the 
war, he sold his farm. Republican ; 
Mr. and Mrs. F. have been members 
of the Congregational Church for many 
years ; he joined when a boy ; has held 
the office of Deacon in the Church here 
since its organization ; Mrs. F. was a 
member of the Old South Church in 
Boston. They were prominent in the 
Antislavery and temperance movements. 
He has held the office of Justice of the 
Peace for several years. 

Fisher, A. M., retired farmer, Denmark. 

Flint, Franklin, janitor Academy, Den- 
mark. 

Freeman, Green, carpenter, Denmark. 

Frye, B. J., far., S. 18; P. 0. Denmark. 

r^ REENE, JOSEPH, far., S. 7 ; P. 

\jr 0. Denmark. 

Gross, Chas., far., S. 22; P. 0. Denmark. 

Groth, Jos., far., S. 27 ; P. O. Denmark. 

HART, GEORGE, blacksmith, Den- 
mark. 

Hayes, Aug., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Denmark, 
mark. 

Hiser, Andy, wagon-maker, Denmark. 

Holland, Ambrozene. physician, Denmark. 

Holland, James C, physician, Denmark. 

Hornby, Jas., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Denmark. 

HORNBY, WM. 1.., farmer, S. 27 ; 
P. 0. Denmark ; his father, John Horn- 
by, was born in London, England, in 
1787, and having lost his father when 
a child, his mother placed him on board 
an outward-bound vessel, and he was 
left by the captain at a foreign port, and 
when 9 years of age, was taken from 
the wharf at Havre, France, by the 
captain of an American vessel, with 
whom he remained for several years ; 
he followed the sea until 40 years of 
age, and became commander of a vessel. 
In the mean time he married, in Lincoln 
Co., Me.; had one child ; lost his wife 



870 



IMKKOTOKX iM-' 1 Kl" «>MNTV 



ton ohiKhvii— AVui. 1*. was bv^rn at lh\^ 
\\(on. Kiiivvln t\>M Mox in IS;?0, suwl. 
w hon 7 >oni^}« ot' »gv. Ms tat l»or loiuing' '!>!>' 
his svM»s (^so\no of \v1um\» h;ni i»(t!\ino*i to 
numhovul's »\st)Vlo> n^i^^hf oIwhvso 1\us jnv- 
tossion. loH tho si^{> ooast suul csuno to 
lioo (V,, sottloil wluMv WuK l«. tvnv »v- 
vvidi\s> {uul iNMntunoil nntil his vlouth, in 
IS»H» ; his wilo vliovl thivo y<\nrs at\or 
wnniuix to Iowa; in ISr^h \Vtn„ \\\ 
ovMupanv with a ht\>thvn\ joinod tho tido 
or omi^iiMtion to 0{ilitonvi,'>.>taki>»g tho 
ovovhuid »\mto ; t how ho ivnisnnod Two 
yo!n"s ; ivtnrnod nnil ^nirolnisod tho honvo 
tann. of L'U> noivs. vahiod at $10 |hm" 
aoiv, Tho loth of Ootobor. lS^^^ ho 
niarriovi Miss' Moivy >!. i^^aokott, dan^ij:h- 
tor v>r O.Ass unvl llotu-iotta M. 8aokot(, 
t»oo Uoaoli, who oanio tv> hoo IV., f\vn» 
Ohio. Mr UvMnhv onlisto^l in tho 1st 
1, W r,, anvi sovvovl n»»til tho oloso of 
tho war ; pavtioipatovl at Prairio t^rovo, 
l.iulo Kook, anil, as oavah'v is nsnallv 
oinj>K\YOil, in skirnushinu; and raivlinij ; 
thoy havo had two ohiUiivu Clara K.. 
horn Jnlv iil. 1857, diod Aiig, 21, 
ISOh MavyU.. Wvn Nov. 'JU. 180'J. 
Mr. and Mi's. M. aw n»o«iho«"s of tho 
(.Vn^itvunt tonal OUuwh. 
llvniok. daooh. tar., 8, 2^ ; \\ 0, Aiv«ust«. 
llon;rhton, Aln\ot\. jviiut -r. Donmark, 
IIOl"NTI>:\. .IOII\. tannor and 
dairvn\an. Soo .vl ; W O, l^Mwnark ; 
born in l.yndohow. N. H . Hoo. lo, 
I S.:^ ; whon 1 yoa\^ ot' a^v. his naronts 
ron^ovod (v^ l.owoU, Ma.ss., whor»n>o was 
oduv'atod in »ho .sohools of tho oity. jmv 
paratory Tor coUouv ; bnt botoro gradvi 
atinjr. his lathor ivn\ovod to l.oo t\>. ; 
at tl>o roi^nost of tho oitiaotts, ho bogat* 
toaohi»»j>\ at»d ooudnnod wintors. and 
tannod dnrittji: svuu^uoi-s. In 1815'. ho 
tnarriod Mi-ss Maria 8tui>iX\^, daughtor of 
bsaao atul 8arah8turiivs. ttativtvs ot' Oon- 
nootiont, whv> joittod a oolv>ny iVv^nt that 
8tato a( tJriHMuillo. Ohio; thow.showas 
born. April l!tK l8l*T ; sho oanvo to Ikv 
Oo, with hor bwthor. Albort ,\.. who w;»s 
tho ti>-st toaohor of l>o»»\nark .Voadotuy, 
now a ntissionary at (ho l.sland of Mi 
oi>nu\sia was ot»o oC tho ^hl^^» who 
ostablishod that nussion ; sov>n aOor 
thoiv uiarriasiw thoy .sotjlod on t\»o old 
hon\ostoad. whioh ho i\vnY »nvns, vHUVsist- 
ins."; ot' "JOO aoros. valnod at § 10 {>or aotv. 



Thoy huw sown oUildwn — Albert 8., 
born .Inly 0, 1851, who is |nvpavinj* \ov 
tho ministry, ur^Hhiatod at tJrinnoU. 
b>W5», now attondit\g thooloi!,ioal so1uh>1 
at ri»ioa>iO ; /orvia »1,, Innn 8opt. 
S. K^:>:5, wilb or Oharlos .\. 8win. a 
tarnior of lioo To.; Wartvtt II., born 
Nov. 2J\ 185-1, now at Oborlin (Vllogv; 
Laitra M., born N\a\ 1*T, 185t>, a grad- 
ual o K\\'' HiMunark ,\oadon»y. now a stio- 
ot\<sf«l toaohor ; Mary h).. born .Ian, -5, 
1855* ; llattio .\., Aug. 7. l8l>iJ; Asa 
T.. Aug. 18, K^t;8; John J.. May 2^, 
18t>5 i^diod 8op(. -1, I8(>8\ Mr. and 
Mrs. Houston, with thoir ohildtvt*, ox- 
wpt tho youngivst. atv nuMtibors ot tho 
Totigivgational Chtiwh ; Mr. H. is 
Poaoon ol' tho .sanio. and has hold 
v.u'ious (ownship olVu^>s. 
IliH STO:V. SiMI l.l„ tarnur. 
8ov'. o5 ; \\ lVMU\>ark ; born in Uills- 
how Co., N. U.. KS15 ; livod on a farm; 
in his 2l.st yoar oanto to tho thou Torri 
(ory of \Visov>«».sin dirivt to (ho .soot ion 
w how ho »unv i\\sid»\s ; biuight a olainv 
with son\o imptvvomonts; tho tolKnving 
y«xu\ his pawnts oatno and sottlod on ad 
|oit\ing |>n>porty ; with thotn ho u»ado 
liis hot»»o until 1818, thou ho ujarritnl 
Oatharii\o Uornbv. a sistor of \Vm, L. 
llv>rnhy. whv>.so biography appoavs oW 
whow; sinv'o ho has oontinuod to onlti- 
vato and invpnwo his t'.uin. v'onsisti»\g of 
1(>5 aoiws v<r land, valuod at §10 por 
aow. Thoy havo soYon ohildwn — An 
nio M , born Mawh. 1817, tho wito of 
\\ m. 1., iyhn-g^vn. of Kan.sas; Cattulla 
.1., born May. 1851. tho wito of U. 8. 
IVaring. of IWtto To.. Iowa; Cha.s. T., 
horn July. 185t5; Kdward (,\. born Jn 
Iv, I85v'<"; Harry NV.. born April, l.^tit , 
Carrio M., bvU'n January, l*^i>l. at\d 
Arthur 8„ Inmv Kohruary, 18(»T. Uo 
publioan, Mr. and Mi's. H. and two 
oldivst daughtors. aw inoinboi"S ol* tho 
(\>ngwg-!itional Oluuvli at Honinark, 
Ho W51S among tho original nuMnboi*s o( 
that olmwh; tho lamily aw vory atton 
tivo at roligivMis oxoroi.sv\s ; it h.ns b«vn 
said (hat t\n* ovov twontyyoars thoy had 
not missod a sinsjlo 8abbath ; tho tathor 
i^r Mr. H., Ira Houstv^n. 8r., was a na- 
tivo of HiUsboro (\\. N. H., bvn-n in 
I78t>; marriod Kli«aboth Kj^jvs, dangh 
tor of Jos. K.; sho 'was born in tho 
.sanuM'ountv, in 170- ; had two son,<» 



DKNMAIIK 'lOWNMIIII' 



871 






I'. (). 
I'. (), 

Den 
Di'iiiiiiuk . 






iiiid 1(1111 (lim}i;lil(irH ; nil iii<Miinrii<(l iiiiil 
HclClcd ill lido or ii.(lj(iiiiiii(j, rdiuilicM ; (lift 
(imiily (miiK* Ikmh ii*. IH.'',?, wiUi l.ciitiiH ; 
Wlini |,W() tllOlllllH (III (lie ioikI, 'I'liciy 
hImo wirro incinhciH ol" IIki (loii^nyil 
(iomil (!liui(!li ; (Jki liilluir wiim Ic-iidor dl' 
ili<» clidir in diiily (itrK^H. 
HiiMldti, liii, Cur., H. :;r»; I'. (). |)(/iiii„i|i 
I N(JAM.S, .JOSMI'll !<;,, in.irclianl, 
I [)( iiiiinrk . 
I AM MS, KM AM, iriill(,r, S.t, 7 ; 

'I l>(iim;irk. 

.liiiiMiH, l<](lwiii r.., (nr , See. 
|)<'rinuirl( , 

.h.liiiHdii, |(", IVI., fi,r., H(!('-. lilC; 
^iihIii, 

Joy, NcJKiiniiili, liir.; Hue, lil ; 
riiiirk. 

.U>y, lU,yi\\, Ctir., Hon, :'A , CO 

.Joy, iJoyiil N,, (,(!ii(!lH)r, Ihwimiirk, 

.JiKil. I'rii^r, (■ur.,H<(!. 115; I'. (). AukuhI-u, 

KMI-liY, AMOX,, Oir., M.M!. 2Ci; I', 
<>. AufjruHlii. 

K(:iizi(!, .lackHori, Ciir,; I'. (). Aiij/khI.u. 

K(!ii(liill, J<,|jii, fur., H(!<!. H; I'.O. I)(,t,. 
iriiirk. 

Kfillur, David, liir., Mc<;. ;.'; I ; I', (), |>,.„ 
ui.'irk. 

Kr<!lil»i(;l, I*'. iM., hljickumilli l>(rM(nirk 

liieiOIIKIIOI. r. «.', l.lackKmilJ,, 
DciiiKiirk , w.w. ixiin in Wdiil, roiril/rt>,, 
li(!(! Oo,, in lHr)l ; uUJm, „k<! ol' H), lio 
(;orn»i(!(ic(!d iin nppn-rKiiccHliip al, Ihh 
trado wilJi (J. McjkI ,'(^. (.'o,, u(- Disninark, 
an<J (!on(.inii(!<J wiUi (licin for (,wo and a 
liair yrarH, Hinco vvfiicli (Juk! Ik; liaM 
l»(!(!n cw/ni^cA wiUi liiw iMoUir-r. Hfijtt. 
10, IH7(i, III! married MIhh I/cna Ijn- 
liard ; hIk! waw liorn in Wonf, l'(,in(, Tp., 
fi(!« (Jo,, .inly, lHr)(;, 'ri.cy liuvc on(! 
cliild, (icor^c ./., h«,rn May 1^1, 1 877. 
OwMH liiH niHidi'MfU!; Indcpcndrinl,; uicni 
ol" (,li(: AlcriiKHiilc (Miiircli 

KltlJIKIIOI., JOII.\ J., ..r 

l'iI)|>H & Kndibir;!, niannfJicJun-TM of 
wa^oiiH and carriaf.^(!H, Main hIi-ca-I, Don- 
rnatk ; born in I{u(,l( r (Uj., May (;, 
IH.'W; «on of .i, (J, K,. wlio waH born 
in Now Bavaria, norniany, in .iannary, 
1811; owii^^ralcd (,o Amciica and w;!,- 
tlod noar ('in<;inna(,i in I8.'5l, wluin! lir-. 
'•ri^'a^'-d in milling' for Tour ycarw ; 
llir;n(;(! rofurncd (o Ocrmany iUmiaincd 
(wo yf-ar.M and nj;irri(;d MiHH Anna 
Wolil;.'/:mn ; mturndd (o Oliio, and in 
IH.'iJi, in cfunpany willi IN.nry jind 



Miui'iin^l <ilra(M(ir ( wild wcK! niurdcicd 
and iMirncd al. Micir rcKidoncid during 
llio jdcHcnl, year), (iaino (o jioo (jo, wiUi 
WKKonH; IiIh iiidllii'i' died vvilliin a yoar 
al'lcr (Iwir arrival Iniro, April I, 
1810, liJH la(,li(!r iniirricd aj^iiin, nml \h 
iidw a rcHldciil, <d' WcHi I'dinl, Tp.; Ihh 
(iilli'i- liaviiij-r a liiryi! (iunily wlidui il, 
wiin dini(;(dl I'dr iiini Id niainliiin, .Idlin 
.1. n^niaiiird al. Iidino workinp in llio in- 
IdrfiHl, <d' Ui(! rainily nnlil 'J.'.', yt',ufn <ti' 
iiK", '•'••O wr.nt, l(t li'raidJin CdriU'if, 
wlicrc lid Idiiiiicd liift lriid<!, wdrkiiij/; (,wo 
ycum, (Jidii (ddk II (dur llirougli iJio 
MiikI, and Hdiilli in order (o gain a nior<' 
'•xldtiHivc knowledgd oC Imh iMiwineM ; 
wiiH crigagfxj lor a, (i/nc, iil, WaHliinglon, 
l>. (',, in (Jovdriirnonl/ r'mploy ; Ih-.v,. 
I!>, 1807, lio rol.urniid Ut liCd'Oo, and 
jaindiaHcd nn inlen'Ml. in Imh picMenl. Imim- 
ifidHH, 'I'lid nani<! ydiir, lio married MiMH 
Ann Mli/,;i l)(»v(;r, daiigliler dC Alnaliam 
mid Oailiiirine I), (nee, l{,(,lir;, recidcinU 
dC !>(!(! (/'d,; hIk! watt li()rn in (iermany 
in 18/J5, and came to \,<,i: (U,. in 1855; 
iliey havo nix eliildn^n lOdgar A,, 
l.drn Nov, 1!), 1808; Willie .1., Dm.. 
II, IH70; Mary K,, Keh. 17, 1872; 
Albert, 11., Nov. i;r», 187;'.; Krcdio A,, 
Ma,y 4, 1875; IJnda A., Marcli 18, 
1877, ()wn« one ball' inffsrcHt, in nbop, 
bin reMidenrid, iind on*! four! b in(e,reM(, in 
l.be l)dubl<!. Heir AdjUHling .Spring (jo, 
Neu(,ral in politieH; memfieni ol' Mofi- 
nofii(,« ('bnreb, bin I'aUier bavi/ig be^tn 
l*aH(,or in (bo camf; i'liv ov<!r one foiirl,!) 
of a r!(;n(,ijry, 
Kn»ngb, N. .J,, Tar., Hec, If.; I' O lh,n 

mark. 
I MVKlM-rrT, KIJKNKZMIJ, T., fiir., 
I J Hw. 20; 1'. (>, Denmark. 
liiMb;, Wal(,(!r (J,, livery, Denmark. 
Uekvyodd, T, I'„ Hw, ]u ■]'.(). Denmark, 
lidomiM, William K,, Tar,, Hi'.c. 27 ; 1*. (). 
Denmark, 

M<;Nlf;K()L, I'.AKNV, far,; 1'. (). 
Aur.Mir;(,;i. 

.Tl4ri\IOIIJ., lj:TIII':it l».,m,-.«dn, 
Denmark ; p.on (,/' I ;,h I ,Me.\., wbd WUH 
born near VVbil.ing, V(,., al'lcrward wcul 
to Lilebfield, ('f»nn,, and (bere mjirrierl 
MixH Mary I'eek, wlio wan born in liil.oh- 
lield,(,V>nn., I7;;7 ; baveHeven ebildren — 
five, of wlidin 0!<me U, jjiut (Jo, ; th«5 
youngt'Mt I>ii(,b(;r I',, wm born J8;{8 in 
Homcrxot (Jo,, (Jhio, wlion? liiH pan-Mn 



872 



DIRECTORY OV LKE COUNTY 



uu)vod iVtun \'onuont, and his i'mhcr 
died in 1S:U). In 184(), with the ro- 
mixindor of hov I'mnily, tho niothor ctuno 
to Loo Co., and sottlod in Washington 
Tp. [n 18151, ho onlistod in tho '7th 
[. V. I., Co. D, Capt. J. P. Harper; 
served through the war ; in tho batllos of 
Bohnont, IMo., Kort llonry. Fort Don- 
elson. Pittsbnrg Landiiig, Corinth, 
Miss., and in skirmishing to Atlanta, 
Ca., liovojoy Station, then with 81ior- 
nian on his nioinorablo niareli to tho soa ; 
mustorod out at Louisville, Ky., 18(55, 
having seen just tour years of aetual 
service. On his return home, he worked 
at the trade of mason, serving an ap- 
prenticeship of one season. In 18(58, 
he married Miss Uebecea Newby, 
daughter of Isom and Catharine Newby, 
nee lloskins, early settlers of Leo Co., 
from Ohio; she was born in Leo Co. in 
1848, and died March 8, 187 1, leaving 
two children— Clara M, born 8ept. 1(5, 
18t;!); Nettie M., May Ii», 187;i. llo- 
publiean; Mrs. McN, was a member of 
the ('hristian (^hurcli. 

Mack, Ceorge, laborer, Denmark. 

Maneely, Jose{>h W., carpenter, Augusta. 

Martin! Henry, far., See. 21 ; V O. 
Henmark. 

Miller, P. (I., far., Sec. 2l' ; P. 0. 
mark. 

Morteshang, Michael, far.. Sec. 2(1 ; 
Auiiusta. 

OUTON, KM AS, far.. Sec. :5,V. 
Hen mark. 
OKT4r\. IV-il.lflKK, far.. See. 2(5; 
r. O. Ocnmark ; a siui of Fjlias Orton, 
who was born in Massaehusetts, l7!Ui, 
and in Colbrook, Mass., married Klecta 
Chapman, also a native of Massachu- 
setts, born in 175H). They had seven 
children ; four sons and one daughter 
lived to maturity ; moved to Livingston 
Co., N. Y., where the subject of this 
sketch was born Fob. 15,1821; lived 
there until l> years of ago, when the 
family ren)oved to Jacksonville, III., and 
in 18-H>, to Wapello (\)., Iowa; settled 
on Des Moines l\iver, two miles from 
Ottumwa ; remained a \o\y numths, and in 
1844 removed to this county, and set- 
tled on what is known as the V. M. John- 
son farm in Uenmark Tp. In 1851, the 
father went to California, and remained 
two years; on the return trip, died on 



Den- 
P. 0. 
P. O. 



board a vessel near (.'hagres, Central 
America, in tho 5(ith year of liis age. 
At the time ho lelV for California, the 
farm was sold and tho family dispersed. 
Palmer worked for John 0. Smith, re- 
mained for two years, then purchased 
ninety-one acres of the land be now oo- 
cujues. 3larch, 1851, he married Miss 
Elizabeth M. Kneel. Her father, David 
Kneel, was a pioneer of Lee Co. from St. 
Louis in 18:5(i, a !\ative of Massachu- 
setts, born 17!Ui; married Silence Iveed, 
who was Inn-n near New Haven, Conn., 
179;>. He afterward settled in Ohio, 
came thence to Missouri and engaged 
in merchandising, thence to Illinois, but 
that country prtn'ing too unhealthy, they 
removed to tlie Parish St. Landra, La. ; 
there ]>h-s. Orton was born ]May 1, 1832. 
On coming to Lee Co. in tho fall 
of 183(5, they passed tho first win- 
ter with the family of Curtis Shedd ; 
tho spring following, her father pur- 
ohased the claiuj, a part of which her- 
self and husband now occupy. Tho 
family consisted of four daughters, 
two are now living ; the father died Sept. 
15, 1815, tho nunhcr IMay 27, 1851. 
After his uiarriage, Mr. Orton continued 
to improve his farm, until 1853, when, 
with bis wife and only child, a wagon 
and ox-team, in company with a few 
neighbors, took the overland route to 
Calitbrnia ; after a pivsperous journey of 
six n\onths. arrived at IMariposa Co., 
remained for two and a half years ; then 
returned by water. He now owns 15(5 
acres of land, valued at $45 per acre. 
They have had seven children, live still 
living — Ksther S.. born June 8, 1853, 
in IMariposa Co., Cal. ; Lyman, Sept. 15, 
I8ti0; Kiank, Sept. UK 18ti3 ; jjcttie, 
Jan. 22, 18(5(1; Bertie, July 5, 18(»y. 
Democrat ; has lield the office of Cou- 

' stable, and various school oflices. 

Orton, Thomas, Sec. (5, ]>enmai-k. 

]_).\USH ALL, DAVID, far., Soc. 18; 

.1. P. O. Detunark. 

Paul, August, far., Sec. 
mark. 

Peterson, Peter, far.. See. 
mark. 

Platts, Alanson, far.. See, 
mark. 

QIHNTON, HARLAN H., far.. See. 
ii); P. O. Denmark. 



21 ; 


P. 0. Den- 


15; 


V. 0. l>on- 


21 


P. 0. Den- 



DKNMARK TOWNSHIP. 



87a 



Quiiitou, llcrbort T., far., Hoc. HO ; P. O. 

4|llil\TO]«, UOYAIi B., farmer, 
stock-i^rower and doaler, iSec. .'{() ; 1*. (). 
Deninailv ; t^rniulson of David, a soklior 
of th(i war of the Auuu-ioaii llevolu- 
tion, who was l)()rn at Wetliorsdold, N. 
H. ilo niarru^d Margaret Allison, of 
Walpole, N. II., who was of Scotch 
and Irish ancestry, and born on the 
tuuiie farm where her father was born ; 
her father, at the request of some of 
the Revolutionary soldiers, visited Bal- 
timore to secure their pensions, and died 
of small-pox while on that niissifm, 
leavinji; a wife (who lived to the rij)e 
old age of 87 years) and two childrerr 
— a son aged 5) years, and a daughter; 
the son, Samuel ( father of Royal R.), 
was born at Walpole, N. II., in ITSt; 
lit the age of H!, he left home and went 
to Roston, cMigaged as bar-tender, car- 
riage boy, stage-driver, etc., for five 
years, then returned to his native place 
and assumed the management of a mill 
which had come into the possession of 
his mother ; he subsecjuently returned 
to Rostt)n, and, with a man named Law- 
ton, engaged in the livery business; 
ill \H\'A, Lawton and Quinton emi- 
grated to Ashtabula Co., Ohio, built 
a cabin and commenced to keep " bach- 
elors' hall ;" in September of that year, 
Lawton was drafted into the army, and 
(juinton returned to" Roston, remained 
tliree years, dealing in horses, then went 
to Charleston, N. IL, where he soon 
after married Lucretia, daughter of 
llobert Henry, of Henry Rros., paper 
manufacturers of that city ; soon after his 
marriage, he returned to Ashtabula Co., 
Ohio, with his wife, and found his old 
partner occupying the old cabin ; Quin- 
ton built anotiier cabin and commenced 
improving liis land, which he occupied 
until IBuO, when he sold out, removed 
to Iowa and settled in Denmark, when; 
Mrs. Quinton died in 18()0, at the age 
of G4 years, and Mr. Quinton in ]8()(), 
at tlie age of 84 years and 1 month; 
they were born in one month and on 
the same day of the month, although 
ho was fourteen years older than his 
wife ; this aged couple had raised a fam- 
ily of six children — four sons and two 
daughters. The oldest, tlie subject of 



this sk(!teh, Royal R., was born at Oe- 
neva, Ashtabula Co., Ohio, in August, 
181!); in February, 1815, he start«Ml 
for Iowa; he reached Denmark on the 
4th of INLm^h, and worked in the Rlack 
Hawk Purchase as a common laborer ; 
at the (Uid of the first fivi; months, 
his former savings and earnings 
amounting to about !||!r)0(), which lie 
invested in land in Sec;. HG, Pleasant 
Ridge. On the 27t\\ of August, LS4(), 
he married Sarah R., daughter of John 
Hornby, whose biography appcnirs else- 
where ; she was born in Maine h'eb. 7, 
1825. LniiKMliately after their mar- 
riage, they settle(l on the IMeasant 
Ridge laiui ; the following March, they 
removed to Dover, reniainetl tli(>re ono ■ 
year and sold out ; after several re- 
movals, including one year spent in 
Ohio, they setthnf on their present 
homestead of 1,1 1{() acjres near the 
village of Denmark, which he values at 
$50 per acre ; Mr. Quinton is an ex- 
tensive stock-raiser and dealer — bundles 
and feeds 8((veral hundred bead of hogs, 
cattle and horses annually. Tlu;y have 
six children — Herbert T.,b()rn in Dover 
in May, 1847, is married and lives on a 
farm near his parents; Harlan R., born 
in Franklin Tp. in May, 1850, is mar- 
ried and a, farmer lunvr Denmark ; Al- 
t'rc.d R., born in January, 1855, is a 
graduate of the Ann Arbor Law Col- 
lege, and practicing his profession at 
Topi^ka, Kan.; Frank C, born in Den- 
mark Aug. 22, 185(), remains at home; 
Kugene S., born in July, 1858, is fitting 
himself for the study of law; Nellie 
E., born Nov. (i, 18G:{. Mrs. Quinton 
is a member of the f/ongregational 
Church at Dcinmark ; Mr. Q. is a Re- 
publican of long standing, and has filliMl 
various township o^^lC(^s. 

RII>IM.]:, IIKF.XKZKK, far , 
p. O. and resi(letic(( Denmark ; bis 
grandfather Riddle was a native of Scot- 
land ; there married ; emigrattid to 
America, and was among the first set- 
tlers of Kentucky. He served in the 
war of the Revolution, for which service 
he was granted a large tract of land in 
Pendleton Va).. in that State; he carried 
a bullet in the back of bis neck (received 
during that war) until his death in 181(3, 
at the advance age of 104 year, and !> 



874 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



weeks. Left four sons and two dauji;hters , 
of whom Robert was the eldest, born in 
Pennsylvania, raised in Kentucky, and 
married, near Nashville, Tenn., Miss 
Hettie Buckley ; died in Kentucky, 
leaving three children — Ebenezer, the 
eldest son and second child, was born 
near Nashville, Tenn., in 1810; moved 
to Pendleton Co., Ky., where his mother 
soon after died; his father again mar- 
ried ; in 1828, in company with three 
uncles, he came to Adams Co., near 
Quincy, 111., where he purchased and 
improved a farm of 100 acres. There 
he married Miss Jane Hillery, of Vir- 
ginia. In 1S35, Mr. and Mrs. Riddle 
became pioneers to Des Moines Co., 
where they erected a cabin about two 
miles from what is now the center of 
Burlington ; in 1839, his wife died, 
leaving two children — Robert, born near 
Quincy, ill., in October, 1833, an exten- 
sive farmer and stock-grower of Lee 
Co. ; William C, born in Des Moines 
Co. in 1838 ; died in August, 1845. 
In 1840, he married Susan, daughter of 
John Swank and widow of John M. 
Percell, who died in Indiana in 1833; 
she was born in Shelby Co., Ky., in 
November, 1803. They remained in 
Des Moines Co. until" March, 1876, 
when they came to their present farm, 
which originally belonged to Rev. Asa 
Turner, who received his patent from 
President John Tyler, and who deeded 
the same direct to Mr. Riddle, contain- 
ing 284 acres, now valued at $50 per 
acre. By his second marriage he has 
had two children — Ebenezer, Jr., born 
in 1841 ; he married Edith J., daughter 
of Pernell Veach, of Des 3Ioines Co. ; 
she was born in Union Tp., Des Moines 
Co., Dec. 1, 1845; they have six chil- 
dren. The second son, Flavcns J., born 
in October, 1843; died Dec. 3, 1845. 
Democrat. His lirst wife was a mem- 
ber of the Baptist Church, of which he 
was also a member during her lifetime. 
RIDDT^E, ROBERT T., farmer 
and stock-grower, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Den- 
mark ; son of Ebenezor Riddle, whose 
biography appears elsewhere ; was born 
in Adams Co., 111., in 1833 ; when 18 
months of age, was brought by his parents 
to Des Moines Co.; received a limited ed- 
ucation. At 23, married Ruth A., daugh- 



ter of Henry Walker, one of the first 
settlers of Des Moines Co., from Indi- 
ana ; she was born in Des Moines Co., 
Union Tp., in 1837, and married on 
the same farm on which she was born, 
and, with her husband, continued to re- 
side there until 18(59, then sold and 
purchased a form of 207 acres in Dan- 
ville Tp., where they remained until the 
15th of January, 1878, when, still re- 
taining his Danville farm, he purchased 
the one he now occupies, consisting of 
336 acres, valued at $40 per acre, the 
other valued at the same ; they have 
eight children — Geo. S., born the 1st of 
September, 1856, died Sept. 5, 1857; 
Tennis L., born the 12th of March, 
1858 ; Marcus E., the 8th of Septem- 
ber, 1859; Flotilla V., the 16th of 
August, 1861 ; Douglas, the 23d of 
February, 1863 ; Effie A., the 25th of 
February, 1865; Clara J., the 30th of 
November, 1867 ; Flora May, the 24th 
of April, 1872. Democratic; members 
of the M. E. Church. 

SHARP, DARWIN, far., 8. 26 ; P. O. 
Augusta. 

Sharp, Simon, far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Augusta. 

Shedd, George, physician, Denmark. 

Sheppard, Joseph S., far.. Sec. 35 ; P. O. 
Augusta. 

Sheppard, Thomas, far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 
Augusta. 

Sheppard, W. N., far., Sec. 36; P. O. 
Augusta. 

SIIITH, JOHN O., Postmaster, 
Denmark ; born in Asheville, N. C, in 
1808, and, when 8 years of age, was 
taken by his parents to Jackson Co., 
Ala. ; when 21 years of age, removed 
to Hancock Co., 111. There, in 1833, 
he married Drusilla Wren, who was 
born in Jefferson Co., 111., in 1816, and 
daughter of Nicholas Wren, at that 
time a resident of Adams Co., 111. ; two 
years after their marriage, they were 
among the first settlers of Northern 
Lee Co., where he engaged in farming 
in this township until the fall of 1866, 
when he removed to Denmark, where 
he engaged in the boot and shoe busi- 
ness, which he continued until 1877, 
having at the same time held the post 
ofiice ; December, 1863, his wife died ; 
they have had ten children, five of 
whom are livintr. 



DENMARK TOWNSHIP. 



875 



Sniff, Ed., far., S. 29 ; P. O. Denmark. 

Speaks, Thomas, far., Sec. 36; P. 0. 
Augusta. 

Spencer, William P, far., S. 27; P. 0. 
Denmark. 

Stewart, E. F., far., S. 26; P. O. Augusta. 

STILES, HORACE, farmer. Sec. 
y>2 ; P. 0. Denmark ; born at Lyndeboro, 
HiUsboro Co., N. H., in 1816; at 
the age of 11, left an orphan, was given 
to a family by name Sargent, and by 
them taken to Steuben Co., N. Y.; re- 
maining with them eleven years ; then 
began life upon his own responsibility ; 
came to Lee Co., and in the spring of 
1839, entered forty acres of land in 
Washington Tp., Sec. 2 ; this he im- 
proved, and retained until 1847, then 
sold and purchased 160 acres on Sec. 6 
of the same township. March 26, 
1850, he married Rachel, daughter of 

--^oel Vanhy ning, a pioneer of Lee Co. ; 

/she was born m Logan Co., Ohio, Nov. ^ 
4, 1829, and died at York, Neb., April 
14, 1873, leaving five children — Mary, 
born Aug. 6, 1851, the wife of Joseph 
Hunter, of York, Neb. ; Rodney, born 
Oct. 26, 1853, a farmer of Lee Co. ; 
Celia, bprn Sept. 20, 1855, the wife of 
Ray Hart, of this county ; Amelia, born 
March 12, I860; Martha, .born Sept. 
21, 1871. In 1853, Mr. S. removed 
to Warren Co., Iowa, where he im- 
proved a farm, and remained until 
1868, when he returned to his present 
place of residence, where he owns 
eighty acres of land, valued at $50 per 
acre. Nov. 14, 1877, he married Al- 
mira Kindall, daughter of Stephen 
Mandigo, of Canton, Iowa ; she was 
born in Jefferson Co., N. Y., and mar- 
ried Wm. Hunter, who died, leaving 
three children — Mary E.,Nov. 9, 1851, 
the wife of John James, of Burlington ; 

' Stephen J., born Sept. 5, 1857 ; Sarah 
M., born Sept. 20, 1860 ; she afterward 
became the wife of James Kendall, who 
died, leaving no children. The first 
Mrs. Stiles was a member of the Bap- 
tist Church at Denmark. 
STEWART, THORNTOX, mill- 
wright. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Denmark ; born 
Fauquier Co., Va., 1824 ; when 8 years 
of age, his parents removed to St. Louis, 
where, at an early age, he began work 
at his trade ; in 1844, he came to Iowa, 



his first work here was journey work, 
at Burlington. In 1853, he married 
Miss Eliza F. Carter, who was born in 
Hendricks Co., Ind. ; they were married 
in Des Moines Co. ; soon after removed 
to Fort Madison, where he built the 
Atlee Mills ; afterward built two mills 
for Cook, at Burlington, and one for 
Berry & Gillman of the same city, with 
several at Keokuk, and on Skunk River, 
also several in Minnesota ; in 1871, they 
removed to his present place of residence, 
where he owns eighty-two acres of land, 
valued at $40 per acre ; they have two 
children — Willie, born 1858 ; Carrie, 
born 1870. Democrat. 

Stohe, Joseph, far.. Sec. 18; P. 0. Augusta. 

SWAIV, J. C, was the son of Deacon 
Jonathan Swan, who was one of the 
first founders of the Baptist Church in 
this place ; Mr. Swan was about the 
only young man in the town belonging 
to a Baptist family, and says at the time 
that it did not add to his popularity ; 
he was urged, he says, by one of the prom- 
inent men of the Congregational Church, 
to join them, on the plea that it would 
be more pleasant for him ; he replied 
that he did not think himself a fit per- 
son to join a church, nor was the ithurch 
what it should be ; he was strongly 
urged, but steadfastly refused. Mr. S. 
was a member ot the Masonic Order, 
and he says that many were prejudiced 
against him on that account ; Mr. S. 
also had some trouble with school offi- 
cials on account of a serenade given a 
newly-married couple by some school 
boys ; the boys were to be expelled, and 
Mr. S. contended the Scho(jl Directors 
had no authority to expel them for such 
an act. On account of the attacks. Mr. 
S. published a pamphlet vindicating his 
course ; while the above unfortunate oc- 
currences have caused an unpleasant feel- 
ing to exist between Mr. S. and some of 
his neighbors, yet, Mr. Swan says he 
has acted from a sense of duty ; as this 
is a free country, and every man has a 
right to act as he sees fit, so long as he 
keep within the bounds of law and good 
morals. 

Swift, Chas. far.. Sec. 29; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 

Swift, E. Z., Pastor of Congregational 
Church, Denmark. 



876 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



THOMPSON, MARTIN, lab., Au- 
gusta. 

T AYJLOK, T. S., farmer, Sec. 28 ; 
P. 0. Denmark ; born in Enosburg, 
Vt., in 1828 ; son of George and Relief 
Taylor (nee Nichols) ; the subjeet of 
this sketch, when 13 years of age, was 
left an orphan ; his parents died within 
six months of each other; in 1843, 
with the lamily of Curtis Shed, he came 
to Lee Co. In April,"^ 1852, married 
Miss Henrietta Brown, daughter of 
Joseph B., who came to Lee Co. in 
1855 ; she was born in Groton, Mass., in 
1827; in 3Iarch, 1854, he removed to 
his present place of residence, AYhere he 
owns 240 acres of land, valued at $40 
per acre; in September, 1855, his wife 
died ; in October, 1857, he married his 
present wife. Miss Mary P. Brown, sis- 
ter of his first wife ; they have four 
children ; Marietta, born March 14, 
1859; Glen A., born July 7, 1860; 
Edwin W., born Jan. 22, 18G6 ; Hattie 
R., born Feb. 27, 1873. Republican. 
Members of the Congregational Church ; 
his first wife was, also. 

TIBBETS, WASHINGTON, 
farmer. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Denmark ; was 
born in Manchester Tp., Dearborn Co., 
Ind., Nov. 4, 1832 ; was raised a form- 
er ; at the age of 17, with his parents, 
David and Fanny Tibbets, emigrated 
to Lee Co., and settled on Sec. 16, 
Washington Tp., Jan. 5, 1854. Mar- 
ried Mary D., daughter of George and 
Sophia Kigler (nee Man), natives of 
Philadelphia, Penn., where she was born 
iSept. 8, 1830, and with her parents 
emigrated to Lee Co. in the fall of 
1850; they settled in Fort Madison, 
where her mother died Feb. 28, 1853. 
Her father again married, and is now a 
resident of Appanoose Co., Iowa ; after 
their marriage, JMr. and Mrs. Tibbets 
settled in Washington Tp., where they 
remained until September, 1870, when 
they returned to his present place of 
residence, near Denmark, where he owns 
sixty-three acres of laud, valued at $60 
per acre ; , they have two children — 
Fanny S., born Jan. 12, 1855 (now the 
wife of Quincy P. Manning, operator at 
Gleudale, Iowa") ; Alice L., born May 
19, 1859. Independent in politics; 
has held various township and school 



oflices; Assessor this present year; a 
member of I. 0. 0. F., Rescue Lodge, 
No. 193, Denmark. 

Tivis, George, far.. S. 22 ; P. 0. Augusta. 

Tompkins, S. V., physician, Denmark. 

Trowbridge, John B., plasterer, Denmark. 

Trowbridge, Theron, plasterer, Denmark. 

Turck, Amasa, far., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Den- 
mark . 

Turner, Clinton M., prop, cheese-factory, 
Denmark. 

Turner, Lewis Q., far,. Sec. 29; P. (). 
Denmark. 

TUTTI.Fi, A. M., retired; bom 
June 4, 1817, at Austinburg, Ohio, 
the residence of his parents and grand- 
parents on both sides, all of whom re- 
moved from Connecticut ; his grand- 
parents settled there in 1800, his fiither 
later. He received a good common 
school education, with four terms at 
Farmington Academy. In 1834. his 
father, with a family of eleven children 
vnow scattered from Ohio to Washing- 
tou Territory), removed to Nelson, Ohio; 
June 2, 1838, A. M., in company with 
B. B. Bosworth and David Groesbeck, 
his uncles, started for the Black Hawk 
Purchase, arriving at Fort Madison six 
weeks after ; Mr. Bosworth soon after 
died, and, after traveling that season, 
Mr. Tuttle returned to Ohio with 31 r. 
Bosworth's fomily. and remained there 
and in Virginia for two years, teach- 
ing, and then returned to Denmark, 
where he married JMiss Eliza J. Van- 
dike, December 19, 1841 ; he engaged 
in farming until 1857, since when he 
has resided in Deuniark ; Sept. 1 8, 
1871, his wife died, having been a con- 
stant sufterer tor more than forty years ; 
was a membeb of long standing in the 
Congregational Church ; a woman of 
few words, but many good deeds ; she 
left three children — iMary J., born Jan. 
30, 1845 (graduated at Denmark Acad- 
emy, now the wife of George Wright, 
a farmer, of Ellsworth Co., Kan.) ; 
Emma T., born January, 1850 (also 
educated at Denmark xVcademy, and, in 
1868, engaged in the millinery business, 
which she has since continued ; the wife 
of x\. B. Houghton, a native of Toronto, 
Canada, of French ancestry, a skilllul 
portrait and landscape painter, a resident 
of Denmark) ; A. M., Jr., born in Ooto- 



GREKN BAY TOWNSHIP. 



877 



ber, 1855, a farmer, of Ellsworth Co., 
Kan. Mr. Tuttle is decidedly Repub- 
lican in politics ; the township of which 
he was a resident at the time of Andrew 
Jackson's election did not cast a vote 
for him ; for more than forty years, a 
member of the Congregational Church. 

UNDERWOOD, DAVID, far., Sec. 
25 ; P. 0. Augusta. 
YANTUYL, HOWARD, far., Sec. 
19; P. 0. Denmark. 
WATTS, JAMES, far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 
0. Denmark. 
Watynauer, Edward, far., Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 

Augusta. 
Weaver, Arnsted, laborer, Denmark. 

WHITMARSH, CHAN. E., 

farmer, Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Denmark ; born 
in New Ipswich, N. H., in 1819, and 
when 18 years of age, with his father 
came to Denmark, Lee Co., where his 
father engaged in blacksmithing until 
his death a year after ; his interment 
was one of the first in the cemetery at 
Denmark ; Charles E. worked as a la- 
borer for several years. In 1845, 
married Miss Charlotte Fox, daughter of 
Timothy and Mary Fox, among the first 
settlers of Denmark ; she was born in 
Peterboro, N. H., in 1826; after his 
marriage, Mr. Whitmarsh took up his 
father's trade, which he followed for 
twelve years. August, 1862, enlisted 
in 1st I. V. C; served until close of the 
war, as company blacksmith. Has since 
been engaged in farming ; his farm con- 
sists of 200 acres of land, valued at 
$50 per acre. They have four children 
—Timothy T., born in 1846, who 
served over three years in Co. C, 1st 



Mo. Engineers; Edward, born in 1851 ; 
Eva A., in 1857; Mary T., in 1867. 
Republican ; Mr. and Mrs. W. and 
their daughter Eva are members of the 
Congregational Church. 

Whitmarsh, Edward, clerk, Denmark. 

Whitmarsh, Timothy T., tar.. Sec. 28 ; P. 
0. Denmark. 

Wilder, Flavel, for., Sec. 84 ; P. O. Den- 
mark. 

WILSON, ELIZA H., daughter 
of Ira and Elizabeth Huston ; born in 
Lyndeboro, N. H., April 2L 1811 ; re- 
ceived a liberal education; in 1887, 
with her parents came to Lee Co., 
where she taught the first school in the 
village of Denmark, also the first school 
in the district three miles southeast of 
Denmark. In 1840, she married Jasun 
Wilson ; he was born in Hartford, Vt., 
March 31, 1811 ; in early life, engaged 
in tannin<r and currier business ; came 
to Lee Co. in 1836, where he engaged 
in milling, erecting a mill on Skunk 
River — the third mill in the county ; 
this he continued, making it a financial 
success, until his death Sept. 27, 1858, 
at the age of 47, an industrious, hon-' 
est business man ; one of the original 
members of the Congregational Church, 
and a liberal coutributor to its erection. 
He left two children — Lewis, born in 
1841 ; Harvey H., in 1848. Member 
of the Congregational Church ; joined 
at the same time as her husband. She 
owns 300 acres of land, valued at $40 
per acre ; also her place of residence in 
Denmark. 

Wilson, Lewis, far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Den- 
mark. 



GREEN BAY TOWNSHIP. 



ANTELMAN, AUGUST, far.. Sec. 
7 ; P. 0. Wcver. 
Ash, Jacob, far., Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Aris, Lewis, far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Wever. 

BADLY, URIAH, far., Sec. 32 ; P. 
0. Wever. 
Beebe, J. C, far., Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Beebe, W. E., far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Beebe, Wm. H., tar., S. 32 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Berry, J. S., far.. See. 10 ; P. 0. Wever. 



Beelman, J. W., far., Sec. 30; P. O. Fort 
Madison. 

Binderman, F., Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Wever. 

BIRD, WM. J., farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 
0. Wever ; son of John and Rebecca 
Bird, nee Bird, natives of County Dub- 
lin, Ireland; they married, and, in 1839, 
emigrated to America, settling in the 
Red River country, Louisiana, and, in 
1842, came to Lee Co., settling in West 



878 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY: 



Point Tp.. whoiv thov roniainoil until 
their death, which occiirvod, the father, 
in August, 1877 ; the mother, July, 
1878, leaving lour children — "Wu). J., 
the eldest, and born in Louisiana, 18-11, 
consequently 1 year of age on coming- 
to Lee Co. His father being a carpen- 
ter, he learned that trade, which he fol- 
lowed during the suuiuier season, teach- 
ing in winter, and remained a bachelor 
until February, 1877, when he married 
Emma, daughter of Patrick and Susan 
Poniialy. Her lather, a native of Dub- 
lin, Ireland, emigrated to America in 
185o; her mother, of Ohio. They set- 
tled in Illinois, where the daughter, 
Emma, was born, August, 1801. Dem- 
ocrat ; has held the office of Township 
Assessor, President of School Board, 
Justice of the Peace, and various town- 
ship and school offices. 

Blakeslee, John (t., thr.. Sec. HI ; P. 0. 
Wever. 

Blakeslee, AYilliam, physician, Wever. 

Blomberg, Joseph, larmev, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. 
Wever. 

KOI.ER, THO^riAS B.. dealer 
in genei'al merchandise, Wever ; grand- 
son of George Bolcr. who was born and 
married in Germany ; the family came 
to America and settled in Indiana Co., 
Penn.; had two sons and one daughter ; 
the youngest, Daniel Boler, was the fa- 
ther of Thos. B.; he was born in Indi- 
ana Co., Penn., in 1801 ; married Sa- 
rah, daughter of George Weir, of Scotch 
descent, and among the first settlers of 
that district of Pennsylvania ; they re- 
mained on the home farm until 18-42, 
when they moved to Trumbull Co., Ohio. 
In 1844, they removed to Iowa, and 
settled on the Half-Breed Tract, eleven 
miles northwest of Keokuk; in 1849, 
while en route to visit his old home in 
Pennsylvania, he was taken sick and died 
at Louisville, Ky. His wife remarried 
and lived in Lee Co. until her death, in 
1873, leaving three children — Thomas 
B., the second child, was born in Penn- 
sylvania, in 18o4; came with his par- 
ents to Lee Co.; at the age of IG years, 
he was apprenticed to a blacksmith at 
Farmington ; served an apprenticeship 
of four years; he then went to Athens, 
Mo., and commenced business for him- 
self. March 8, 1856, he married Miss 



Susan B. Kneeland, who was horn in 
Boston, Mass., in 18oti. Thoy remained 
at Athens until he engaged as a steam- 
boat engineer, in which business he con- 
tinued, with varied fortunes and advent- 
ures, until 1872, when he purchased a 
planing-mill at Fort Madison ; at the 
end of one year, he etigaged with Wes- 
ton & Co. as Superintendent of their 
exten-ive mills; remained lor eighteen 
months ; then went to Farmington and 
engaged as a merchant; in May, 1877, 
purchased his present business at We- 

' ver. They have six children — George 
E., born in 1857 ; an engineer on the 
Anchor Line, between St. Louis and 
Yicksburg ; Orion K., born in 1861, 
clei'k in his lather's store; Mary Ann, 
born in 1866; Ellis H., born in 1868; 
Samuel D.. born in 1874, and Gracie, 
born in 1878. Liberal Democrat ; mem- 
ber of I. 0. 0. F. Com., Council 
Bluiis. His wife is a member of the 
Presbyterian Church. 

Broadt, August, far., Sec. 18 : P. 0. Fort 
Madison. 

Brown, Jackson, far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Wever. 

BITK, MORTON, farmer. Sec. 20 ; 
P. O. Fort Madison; son of William S. 
Buck and grandson of James Buck, 
who was born in Connecticut, where he 
married a sister of Boger Sherman, one 
of the signers of the Declaration of 
American Independence ; had nine chil- 
dren, the seventh, William S. Buck, 
also born in Connecticut, where he 
married Miss Berintha York, a native 
of New London, in that State ; had 
thirteen children, eleven sons and two 
daughters — Morton the youngest but 
three of the sons ; he was born in 
Ulysses Tp., Seneca Co., N. Y. (whither 
his parents had moved\Aug. 30,1806 ; 
when 12 years of age, with his par- 
ents, removed to Ohio and settled on 
Gen. Harrison's farm at North Bond, 
twelve miles from Cincinnati ; five years 
after, they purchased a farm at Cleve- 
town, on the Miami Biver, fifteen miIe^ 
above its mouth, where the mother died ; 
soon after her death, the remainder of 
the family removed to the vicinity of 
Patriot, Switzerland Co., Ind., where 
the lather died in 1843; only six of 
the family are now living,most of whom 
are settled in the Western States ; after 



GREEN BAY TOWNSHIP. 



879 



lie reached his 21st year Morton 
Buck commenced the world for himself 
as a day-laborer, working on flatboats 
to New Orleans, etc. Jan. 24, 1832, 
lie married Miss Rebecca, daughter of 
John and Mary Johnson, natives of 
New Jersey, but subsequently citizens 
of Seneca Co., N. Y., where Rebecca 
was born, Feb. 6, 1812. The Johnsons 
afterward removed to Fayette Co., Ind., 
where they died. For sixteen years 
after their marriage, Mr. Buck and his 
wife remained in Switzerland Co. ; in 
the spring of 1848, came to Iowa, set- 
tled tor eight months at Montrose, then 
removed to his present farm of 400 acres, 
which he values at $45 an acre. They 
have seven children — Amos York, born 
in Indiana, May 30, 1833, served in the 
late war, and is now a resident of Clark 
Co., Missouri; Mary 0., burn in In- 
diana, November 1, 1834 (married Smith 
Cherry, deceased — she remarried and is 
now the wife of Ernest Goethart, of 
this township) ; Samantha, born Aug. 3, 
1836, remains at home with her parents; 
Wealtha A., born May 3, 1840, wife of 
George Rudisill, of Mount Pleasant ; 
Adelbert H., was born Aug. 7, 1842, 
served in the late war, and is farming 
near Farmington, Van Buren Co. ; Hal- 
sey J., was born Dec. 19, 1844, and is 
engaged in farming near the home farm ; 
Emma J., born in Iowa, Oct. 5, 1850, 
wife of R. D. Klingensmith, farmer, of 
Bloonifield, Davis Co. ; Warren M., was 
born Dec. 1, 1853, died 26th December, 
1877. Mr. Buck commenced political life 
as a Whig. 
Bufe, E. J., far. and blacksmith. Sec. 5 ; 
P. 0. Wever. 

CARNEY, WILLIAM, far.. Sec. 14; 
P. 0. Wever. 

Chesnut, Harry, farmer, Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
Wever. 

Chesnut, N. B., far.. Sec 5 ; P. 0. Weever. 

Chesnut, Robert, farmer, Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
Wever. 

Comingford, Michael, far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 
Wever. 

Cook, Elisha, merchant, Wever. 

COOX, D. X., physician and surgeon, 
Wever ; born in Syracuse, N. Y., March 
24, 1841 ; after receiving a medical 
education in New York City, in 1861, 
he entered the service in the 5th N. Y. 



Zouaves, and, in 1863, was commissioned 
as Assistant Surgeon ; a position he held 
until Oct. 23, 1865 ; in 1868, he came 
to Jones Co., Iowa; settled in Monti- 
cello ; remained until July, 1877, when 
he came to Wever, and, in October, 
1878, he married Josephine, daughter 
of Henry Sprague, of Des Moines Co. ; 
she was born in the city of Burlington, 
September, 1851 ; members of the Chris- 
tian Church. 

DAVIS, G. W., far.. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. 
Wever. 

Duncan. Henry, far., S. 10 ; P. O. Wever. 

DUNKIN, HEBfRY, farmer, Sec. 
19; P. 0. Wever; born in Adams 
Co., Ohio, Jan. 8, 1818; his parents 
John and Orphia Dunkin, natives of 
Pennsylvania, having been early settlers 
of that county ; there he was raised ; 
and May 3, 1838, he married Virginia, 
daughter of Robert and Annie Sproule, 
nee Montgomery; her father (Mrs. 
Dunkin's grandfatherj Joseph Mont- 
gomery, was one of the first settlers of 
Montgomery Co., Va., to which he 
gave its name; the 22d April, 1855, 
they became residents of Lee Co., set- 
tling near Keokuk, where they engaged 
in farming, by renting; and, in 1864, 
purchased his present property, consist- 
ing of eighty-two acres of land, valued 
at $45 per acre ; they had eight 
children — Robert M., Joseph R., John 
H., Henry W., Placentia M., George 
M., Joshua H. and Susan E. Demo- 
cratic. 

DUI^KIN, JOHN H._, farmer, Sec. 
10 ; P. 0. Wever ; born in Adams Co., 
Ohio, in 1843, and when 12 years of 
age, with his parents, came to Lee Co., 
remaining with them until September, 
1866, when he married Miss Mary 
Rake, who was born in Hamilton Co., 
Ohio, in 1842, daughter of Jacob and 
Amy Rake, who settled in this town- 
ship in 1863, from Ohio ; her father 
died in September, 1875 ; her mother 
in December, 1874 ; soon after their 
marriage, they settled where they now 
reside, and own 156 acres of land, val- 
ued at $35 per acre ; they have had six 
children, four of whom are living — 
John F. was born the 4th December, 
1868, and died the 3d of August, 1876 ; 
Mary E., 11th of June, 1871; Laura 



880 



DIRECTORY OJb' LEE COUNTY; 



A., 29tli of March, 1873, died the 18th 
of August, 1874; Lora E., 30th of 
December, 1875 ; Edgar W., 16th of 
January, 1877 ; Harvey H., 16th April, 
1878. 
Duncan, Joseph R., far., Sec 10 ; P. 0. 
Wever. 

FOSTERLIEG, HENRY, far.. Sec. 
18; P.-:0. Wever. 
Fry, Thomas, far.. Sec. 8; P. 0. Wever. 
Freburg, John, far., S. 30; P. 0. Wever. 

GIBBS, B. F., farmer. See. 20 ; P. 6. 
Fort Madison. 
»A»E, C. D., of Gage & Matteson, 
props. Oak Grove Poultry Farm, Sec. 
5; P. 0. Wever; born at Smithfield, 
R. I. ; for a number of years was a fac- 
tory operative, working from fourteen to 
eighteen hours per day, at a salary bare- 
ly suflficient to support life ; in the 
mean time his parents died ; he learned 
the blacksmith trade, served an appren- 
ticeship of two years, then worked in a 
carriage-shop at Millbury, Mass. ; he 
then started West, with all his worldly 
possessions in a carpet-sack ; he traveled 
alternately by canal and on foot, to 
Buffalo ; visited Toledo, Cincinnati, 
Ohio and Manchester, Ind., working at 
his trade wherever he could find work ; 
reached St. Louis, thence came to Fort 
Madison in 1849 ; from there, with rifle 
and carpet-sack, he started on foot and 
alone for California ; reached Des 
Moines, then beginning to be settled, 
and troops to remove ; there he took a 
horse and buggy and pot of paint, and, 
under the direction of Dr. Clark, former 
editor of a Jackson Co. paper, started 
out to stake a bee-line road from Des 
Moines to Omaha; he ran out of stakes 
the first day, and substituted elk-horns, 
which were scattered all along the 
route ; at what is now Lewis, Cass Co., 
he found the Mormon trail, which he 
followed to Kanesville, then Mormon 
headquarters ; he remained at Council 
Bluffs about two months, then com- 
menced carrying the mail between that 
place and Des Moines, and took the 
first mail trip ever made between the 
two places ; after acting as mail-carrier 
for two months, he joined Professor 
Owens' party, then making a geological 
survey of the State, and spent some 
time along the Des Moines River ; in 



the fall -he was discharged, went to St, 
Joseph, Mo., and assumed the manage- 
ment of a hotel ; the following spring 
(1850) he went to California, worked 
in the mines for two years, then re- 
turned to Rhode Island via the Isth- 
mus, and to Iowa in the spring of 1852, 
and commenced the business of carriage 
and wagon making at Fort Madison, 
where he bought a tract of 150 acres of 
timber-land adjoining the city limits^ 
and did an active business furnishing 
steamboats with wood, and lighting 
steamboats over the rapids, until the 
war broke out; in 1854, he bought the 
230-acre farm now owned by Matteson 
& Gage, valued at $45 per acre. 
When the war commenced, he went 
South as a sutler for two years ; in 
1864, he invested |2,500 in a Montana 
outfit, and spent eighteen months in 
that region, engaged in various specula- 
tions and adventures ; had numerous 
hairbreadth escapes from Indians and 
from drowning on the rapids of the Yel- 
lowstone River, which Gage and twelve 
others descended on a flatboat for 1,100 
miles; reached Omaha in thirty-one 
days, making 3,100 miles in that time; 
from Omaha he came back to Lee Co. 
with $40 in his pocket, and soon after 
commenced improving their present 
poultry farm. He is unmarried, and 
makes his home with his brother-in- 
law, J. A. Matteson, who came to Lee 
Co. from Rhode Island in 1854. He 
has filled various positions of trust — 
J.ustice of the Peace, and others. Mr. 
Gage is a Democrat, and has served as 
Deputy Sheriff, etc. 
€i^IBBI§, BEXJAMIW F., far, 
Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Fort Madison ; son of 
George W. Gibbs, who was born Ham- 
ilton Co., Ohio, May 12, 1798; he was 
the son of Justus Gibbs, a native of 
Wales, who emigrated to this country 
and settled at Cincinnati, where he 
erected the first frame bouse, built on 
the site of that now prosperous city ; 
he afterward purchased a tract of land 
eleven miles below Cincinnati, when the 
Indians were so numerous and annoying 
that the settlers lived in blockhouses 
for safety ; the settlers cultivated their 
land with hoes, and sowed wheat from 
their hats. George W. Gibbs married 



GREEN BAY TOWNSHIP. 



881 



Miss Keziah, daughter of John McFall, 
who emigrated from Virginia and set- 
tlen in Hamilton Co., where she was 
born in 1799. Soon after their mar- 
riage, they removed to Indianapolis, 
where he engaged in farming in the 
summer seasons, and teaming between 
Indianapolis and Cincinnati in the win- 
ter seasons for eight years ; after several 
removes and reverses of fortune, he 
removed to Jefferson Co., this State, in 
1842, where his wife died Dec. 7, 1843. 
He remarried and removed to Wapello 
Co., and, in 1858, to Wayne Co., where 
he died March 28, 1874, leaving a '; 
family of three sons and three daughters, ! 
of whom Benjamin F. was the second | 
born ; he was born in Indianapolis in j 
November, 1823; came to Jefferson \ 
Co. with his father, and, in 1848, to | 
Lee Co., where, in 1850, he married j 
Maria, daughter of Dr. Claypoole, whose , 
biography appears elsewhere. They j 
commenced life on her father's farm, on ! 
which they still live and now own, j 
valued at $50 per acre. They have five 1 
children — Adaline H., born June 21, j 
1852, the wife of Francis Drake, of this j 
township; Warren M., born Feb. 11, 
1855; George C, March 7, 1863; 
Angeline K., March 30, 1866 ; William 
F., Nov. 15, 1867, died March 28, 
1869; Charles E., April 8, 1871. 

Gore, Sanson S., far., S. 14; P.O. Wever. 

Greene, E. W., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Wever. 

HANCOCK, JOHN, grain merchant, 
Wever. 

Haupt, John, far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Wever. 

Hebner, August, far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Wever. 

Hebner, Joseph, far.,S. 7 ; P. 0. Wever. 

Hyter, John, far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Wever. 

HYTER, SAMUEL, farmer and 
stock-grower. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Wever ; son 
of Abraham Hyter ; grandson of Jacob 
Hyter, who was a native of Germany, 
and who, when still a young man, emi- 
grated to America, settled in Maryland, 
near Gettysburg, and engaged in black- 
smithing, where he married and had 
two sons and one daughter ; the eldest 
son, Abraham, was born near Gettys- 
burg, and followed his father's trade ; in 
his 25th year, he removed to Hamilton 
Co., Ohio, where he married Nancy, 
daughter oiP William and Nancy Phares, 
a native of New Jersey ; soon after their 



marriage they settled in Dearborn Co.,. 
Ind. They had four sons and four 
daughters, the youngest (Samuel) born 
27th of July, 1828 ; when 17 years of 
age, his parents removed to Iowa, and, 
in 1844, settled on the farm he now 
occupies ; his mobher died the fall after 
their arrival ; his father died January, 
1868, aged 83 years. In December, 
1854, Samuel Hyter married Ellen, 
daughter of James Gedney, an early 
settler from Dearborn Co., Ind.; they 
have three children living — Alice (born 
in August, 1845, wife of Clinton 
Tucker), Horace B. (born in Septem- 
ber, 1857) and Harry A. (born in 
March, 1866). At a late inventory of 
farm and property, taken by himself and 
son, estimating the farm at $30 per 
acre, his possessions amount to |15,000. 
Democratic in politics ; members of the 
Christian Church. 

JARVIS, WILLIAM A., farmer. Sec. 
15 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Junge, John, far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Ft. Madi- 



son. 



KAMMERER, CHARLES, farmer, 
Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Ft. Madison. 
Kern, Samuel A., far.,S. 14 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Kern, William H., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Klinginsmith, Jackson, far., S. 10 ; P. 0. 

Wever. 
Kruger, Emil, far.. Sec. 18; P. 0. Ft. 

Madison. 
Kruson, Amos, far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Wever. 

LACHMAN, CHARLES, farmer. Sec. 
18; P. 0. Ft. Madison. 
Lange, Gottleib, far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Lange, Herman, far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Ft. 

Madison. 
Lange, Louis E., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Langerbeck, Max, far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Ft. 

Madison. 
Larson, John, section boss, Wever. 
Liddle, William, far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Long, Moses, far., Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Luton, James H., farmer, Sec. 14 ; P. 0. 

Wever. 
Luton, John B., farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. O. 

Wever. 

McAULY, THOMAS, farmer, Sec. 
13 ; P. 0. Wever. 
McCannon, Daniel, farmer. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. 

Wever. 
Matteson, Isaac A., farmer, Sec. 33 ; P. O. 
Wever. 



882 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY : 



Morgan, Abraham, farmer, See. 15 ; P. 0. 
Wever. 

MORC^AX, JOHl^, Sr.,_ iarmer, 
See. 15 ; P. 0. Wever ; born in Mont- 
gomery Co., Poun., in 180G ; at 12 years 
of age, with his parents moved to Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio, thence to Dearborn Co., 
Ind, At the age of 23, Mr. Morgan 
married Mary Osborne, who was born in 
Ohio, in ISO'S ; in 1839, they came to 
Lee Co. ; settled upon and improved the 
land (^24(1 acres) where he now resides ; 
in 18G4r, his wife died, leaving seven 
children — Elizabeth, born in Indiana 
Sept. 30, 1831 ; Joel, born in Indiana 
Oct. 9, 1833 ; Edwai'd, born March, 
1835 ; Abraham, born in Indiana Aug. 
4, 1837 ; Priscilla. born in Indiana Sept. 
30, 1839, and died in Lee Co., Oct. 27, 

1840 ; Sarah, born in Lee Co. Auir. 27, 

1841 ; Eli, born in Lee Co. Dec. 18, 
1843; John, born July 28, 1849. 
April 6. 1874, Mr. Morgan married 
Catharine, wife of David Strunk, one of 
the early settlers ; she was born iu Hunt- 
erdon Co., N. J., in 1816. Mr. Mor- 
gan's children are all married and settled 
on iarms, except John, who is a maehiu-, 
ist in Burlington. Mr. M. is a Demo- 
crat in political belief; he has been a 
Deacon in the Christian Church for for- 
ty-seven yeai-s ; his wife and three of 
his children ai'e also members of that 
church. 

Morgi^n, John. Sr.. for.. Sec. 15: P. 0. 

Wever. 
^TUTT, J. M.. for.. See. 15; P.O. 
±N Wever. 

Nutt, R. A., iar.. See. 15 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Nutt, William, for., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Wever. 

PACALI, EMIL, shoemaker. See. 7 ; 
P. 0. Wever. 
Patterson, Eobert, tar.. See. 23; P.O. 

Wever. 
Peel, Samuel, for.. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Pfeiff. Louis, for., Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Prescott, William. 

Prox. Gustave, cooper. Sec. 18; P. 0. 
Fort Madison. 

EICHARDSON, S. F.. for.. Sec. 8 ; 
' P. 0. Wever. 
KICHARDSOX, S. F., for., See. 
8; P. 0. Wever; son of David Rich- 
ardson, who was born in New Jersey, iu 
1795; in 1S12, his parents moved to 
Hamilton Co., Ohio, where David grew 



to man's estate, and married Jemima, 
daughter of Absalom Foster, an early 
emigrant from Maryland to Hamilton 
Co. ; after their marriage, they moved 
to Hancock Co., Ind., remained until 
1846, when they came to Lee Co. and 
settled near Fort Madison, where he 
died in 18G4, leaving two sons and two 
daughters ; S. F., the youngest, was 
born in Hamilton Co., in 1833; came 
with his parents to Iowa ; he received 
an education in the common schools. 
In 1854, in comDany with A. Agno, of 
Fairfield Joseph' Ball and William P. 
Hyter, of Lee Co., purchased a large 
drove of cattle, and crossed the plains 
to California — were five months on the 
route ; ttiey disposed of their cattle to 
good advantage, and, in 1855, returned 
home via Nicaragua and New York. 
In September, 1850, he married Catha- 
rine Hyter, a sister of Samuel Hyter ; 
she was born in Dearborn Co.. Ind., in 
1833 ; after their marriage, they settled 
in Hancock Co., 111., until 1859, when 
he removed to his present form, con- 
sisting of 167 acres, valued at $45 per 
acre ; have five children — R. A., born 
in December, 1858; Alice, Nov. 5, 
1867; Ida, Dec. 20, 1871; Caroline, 
Jan. 6, 1875; Samuel Clyde. Feb. 15, 
1877. Mr. Richardson is a Democrat ; 
his wife is a member of the Christian 
Church. 
ROGERI^, MIL WARD H., for , 
Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Wever; born in Lon- 
don, England, in 1819. and christened 
in St. Pauls Church iu that city ; when 
an infant, his parents moved to Mont- 
gomeryshire, Wales; when he was 12 
years of age, they emigrated from Wales 
to the Uni'ted States, and settled in Del- 
aware Co.. Ohio; in 1840. he came to 
Lee Co., and, in 1842, married Susan, 
daughter of Shepherd Johnson, de- 
ceased ; she was boru at Elizebethtown . 
Hamilton Co., Ohio, in 1819; for the 
first few years after his marriage, Mr. 
Rogere engaged in farming as a renter, 
and cutting wood for steamboats on Biir 
Island, which he had purchased ; in 
1852, he purchased and occupied the 
land on which they now live, the farm 
including 848 acres, which he values at 
820 per acre. They have had five chil- 
dren, four now living — James M.. born 



GREEN BAY TOWNSHIP. 



883 



January, 1845, and died Aug. 2, 1870 ; 
Milward H., Jr., July, 1847 ; Johnson, 
Nov. 21, 1849; George E., Oct. 7, 
1858, and Arthur, Sept. 9, 1861. In 
the spring of 1873, Mr. Rogers visited 
his mother at Napa, Cal., and his 
brother at Cone Valley ; on that trip, he 
also visited Portland, Or., and various 
other points on the Pacific Coast. Mr. 
and Mrs. Rogers are members of the 
Christian Church, in which he is an 
Elder of long standing and usefulness ; 
he is a Democrat. Has served on the 
County Board of Supervisors three 
terms, and as Justice of the Peace for 
fifteen years. 

SHEPHARD, JOHN H., far., Sec. 
31 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Shephurd, Henry, far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 

Wever. 
Shubert, Charles, far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Sisenpaugh, Carl, Sec. 16; P. 0. Wever. 
Smith, John, far.. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Smith, Peter, far., Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Storms, Daniel, far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Wever. 
Storms, Geo. W., far., S. 9 ; P. O. Wever. 
Storms, J. J., Wever House. 

TEBBS, JAMP]S, far., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 
Fort Madison. 
TEBB!^, JAMES, farmer. Sec 30; 
P. O. Fort Madison ; son of Willoughby 
Tebbs; of Irish and English descent; 
vfas born in Virginia in 1787 ; his 
parents, after a short residence in North 
Carolina, Kentucky and Ohio, settled in 
Indiana, where he married Elizabeth, 
daughter of Valentine and Mary M. 
Lawrence; she was born in Pennsyl- 
vania in 1785 ; they settled in Indiana, 
where were born two sons — the subject 
of this, the youngest, and born Jan. 21, 
1821 ; he remained with his parents 
until April 1, 1849. He married 
Sarah, daughter of James Craig, a native 
of Ireland, but was brought to America 
when a child, and married Jane Irwin, 
also of Irish descent ; had two sons and 
five daughters, she being the youngest, 
and born near Montgomery, Ohio, July 
11, 1829 ; the fall after their marriage, 
they, with his parents, removed to Iowa, 
this county, and settled where they now 
reside, and own 427 acres of land, val- 
ued at $45 per acre. His parents died; 
the mother, Aug. 31, 1868 ; the father, 
Jan. 1, 1870. Democratic in politics. 



Mrs. Tebbs is a member of the Baptist 
Church ; has held all the township 
offices, and various school offices ; also 
County Supervisor, in which he served 
two years. 

TEBBIS, JOSEPH, farmer. Sec. 19 ; 
P. 0. Ft. Madison; born in Dearborn 
Co., Ind., May 20, 1820, and at the age 
of 25, he married Rebecca Burk, who 
was born in Hamilton Co., Ohio, in 
1822, and in 1848 they came to Lee Co., 
settling near where they now reside, 
where in April, 1851, his wife died, 
leaving one child, Sarah J., now the wife 
of John Renck, of Dearborn Co., Ind-; 
In August, 1853, he married May Scott, 
who was born in Ohio July 6, 1833, and 
died in 1856, leaving one child, Susan, 
born 1854, the wife of Nathan Smith, of 
Wever, this county. Oct. 21, 1858, he 
married Rebecca A. Hake, who was born 
in Virginia in 1836 ; she was the daugh- 
ter of Davison and Margaret Hoke, nee 
White, born in Virginia, afterward 
settled in Ohio, where her father died ; 
her mother then married Archibald 
Deads, and with him she came to Lee 
Co.; her mother is now a resident of 
Kansas. They have six children — the 
eldest, John M., was born July 14, 
1860; Joseph, Jr., July 28, 1864; 
Florence, Dec. 18, 1867; Harriet, June 
27,1869; James L., Dec. 31, 1872; 
Wm. W., May 24, 1875, In 1852, he 
removed to his present place of resi- 
dence, where he owns 160 acres of land, 
valued at $45 per acre. Democratic. 
She is a member of the Baptist Church. 
He has held the offices of Justice of the 
Peace, Trustee and various school offices. 

Tiernan, Martin, far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Wever. 

Tucker, John W., far., S. 4 ; P.O. Wever. 

UNDERCHIRKER, JOHN, farmer, 
Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Wever. 
WANKA, HERMAN, farmer, Sec. 
29 ; P. 0. Ft. Madison. 
Wersig, August, far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Ft. 

Madison. 
Wersig, J. G., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Ft. Madi- 
son. 
Wescott, C. L., far., S. 19 : P. 0. Ft. 

Madison. 
WESTCOTT, C. L.., farmer. Sec. 
19; P.O. Ft. Madison; was born in 
Rhode Island in 1814; two years after, 
his parents removed to Ohio, to what is 
1.3 



884 



DIRECTORY OF LEE COUNTY ; 



now Noble Co. There he married 
Malissa Damy Sept. 22, 1836 ; she was 
born on Chiat River, Penn., Aug. 1, 
1818; they remained in Noble Co. 
until 1850 and came to Iowa, first set- 
tling in Jackson Tp., Van Buren Co. 
In November, 1861, he enlisted in the 
15th I. V. I., and, after participating in 
several battles, was discharged,on account 
of ill health, in June, 1862. In March, 
1864, his wife died, leaving eight chil- 
dren, the eldest of whom was Valorous, 
who was born in Ohio Sept. 6, 1837, 
now of Milton, Iowa, proprietor of the 
Southwestern Hotel ; Alvin was born 
May 6, 1840 ; he served three years in 
the late war, in the 15th I. V. I.; has 
charge of the stock-yards at Peoria, 111.; 
Cornelia was born Dec. 6, 1841, wife of 
Isaac Newton, of Idaho; Marvin born 
Dec. 1, 1844, teaching in Butler Co., 
Kan.; Lyman, born Nov. 27, 1846, a 
farmer of Sand Hill, Mo. ; Merrill 0. 
born May 24, 1849, a farmer of Butler 
Co., Kan. ; Amelia, born in Van Buren 



Co., Oct. 7, 1854, died Nov. 3, 1859 ; 
Ezra, born in Van Buren Co., Nov. 16, 
1856, of Peoria, 111. ; Elvina, born in 
Van Buren Co., March 9, 1860— wife 
of Edward Buson, a merchant of Spring 
Hill, Kan. In January, 1865, he re- 
moved to Fairfield, Jefferson Co., and 
the 23d of the same months he married 
Miss Caroline H. Clark, who was born 
in Ohio in 1824 ; the following June he 
removed to his present place of residence, 
where he owns 120 acres of land, valued 
at $49 per acre. Aug. 10, 1867, his 
wife died ; he then married Eliza, widow 
of John Lowhouse, who enlisted in the 
61st 111. V. I., and died at Duvall's Bluff, 
Aug. 30, 1863 ; by first marriage she 
had one child — Sarah A., born Jan. 23, 
1860. Mrs. W. was born in Ohio in 
1833. Republican ; Universalist. 
Wrisht, Noah, far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Wever. 

TALEY, FRANK, far., Sec. 6 ; P. 0. 
Wever. 
ZINGRE, THEODORE, far., S. 23 i 
P. 0. Ft. Madison. 



VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 



ANDERSON, A. W., farmer ; P. 0. 
Warren. 
BANK, AUGUST, far., S. 5 ; P. 0. 
Croton. 
Bank, Henry, Sr., far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 

Croton. 
Barrow, John, far. ; P. O. Croton. 
Beatty, Isaac R., Sr. 
Beatty, Stephen B., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. 

Warren. 
Becker, John, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Warren. 
Bennett, William H., far.. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. 

Warren. 
Bidler, Frank, far. ; P. 0. Croton. 
Blomburg, Charles. 

Bresnahan, Jeremiah, far. ; P. 0. Croton. 
Burke, Patrick, far., S. 23; P. 0. Warren. 
Butler, Thomas, far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Warren. 
Butlin, William, far.. S. 20 ; P. 0. Croton. 

CAMP, NAPOLEON, farmer; P. 0. 
Croton. 
Chapman, Butler, far.. Sec. 10; P. 0. 

Warren. 
Chapman, Edwin. 
Coniey, Joseph, far., S. 27; P. 0. Belfast. 



Crow, George R., farmer and attorney, S. 

23 ; P. 0. Croton. 
Currier, George S., far.. Sec. 33; P. 0. 

Croton. 
"pvAVIDSON, MALON. 

Davis, Allison, far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Warren. 

Dillon, Edward, far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Belfast. 

DREI^H^ER, R. W., farmer, S. 1 ; P. 
0. Warren ; owns 125 acres of land, val- 
ued at $30 per acre ; he was born May 
28, 1814, in Windsor Co., Vt ; in the 
fall of 1834, he left home with an elder 
brother; went to Cincinnati, Ohio, 
and worked with his brother at the car- 
penter and joiner's trade ; in the spring 
of 1836, he went to St. Louis, and re- 
mained till the fall, then moved to Farm- 
ington. Van Buren Co., continuing to 
work at his trade ; in 1840, he entered 
320 acres of laud in Sections 2 and 3 
in the township where he now resides. 
Feb. 5, 1842, he married Fanny H. 
Page of Lee Co. ; she was born Dec. 1 , 
1821, in Franklin Co., Mass.; the 



VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 



885 



spring following, he located on his land ; 
in the spring of 1847, he sold out, went 
to St. Louis, and worked at his trade 
during the summer, his wife stopping at 
her father's; in the spring of 1848, 
moved to Farmington ; in the spring of 
1849, he again purchased a farm in 
Van Euren Tp., now owned by Clark 
Knapp, and in the spring of 1856, 
came on his present farm. Has served 
his township as Trustee ; was elected 
once as Justice of the Peace, but de- 
clined to serve ; he was commissioned 
as 1st Lieutenant by Gov. Lucas, at the 
time of the Missoui'i Boundary diffi- 
culty; his wife's father settled in this 
county in 1837 ; he also was a pioneer; 
her mother died March 19, 1851, and 
her father died March 14, 1854 ; they 
came of a long-lived race ; her mother's 
father, Israel Baggs, is yet living in Mas- 
sachusetts with his youngest daughter, 
who is 70 years old ; he was born in 
April, 1777, and is consequently nearly 
102 years old, still retaining his mental 
faculties, as well as physical powers, to 
a remarkable degree ; the children of 
R. W. and F. H. Dresser are Thos. W., 
born Sept. 22, 1850; and Warren, 
Feb. 7, 1854 ; lost four — one infant 
son, Mary E., Celia E. and Charles. 
Members of the M. E. Church ; Re- 
publican. 

Driscoll, Michael, far.. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Bel- 
fast. 

Dyas. John, wagon-maker, Croton. 

EPHLEND, THOMAS, far.. Sec. 21 ; 
P. 0. Croton. 
FOSTER, JOHN S., far., S. 23 ; P. 
0. Warren. 
Frost,. Tallyrand. 

Fry, Samuel, farmer ; P. 0. Croton. 
r^ ORLEY, THOMAS. 

Crray, Isaac P., farmer and miller. Sec. 19. 
Gustason, August, farmer; P. 0. Croton. 
Guyton, Abraham, farmer ; P.O. Croton. 

HEADDING, IRA, farmer; P. 0. 
Croton. 
Harlan, A; W., far., S. 32; P. 0. Croton. 
HENKJLE, AMOS, farmer. Sec, 3 ; 
P. 0. Warren ; son of Abraham and 
Mary Henkle ; born June 15, 1817, in 
Pendleton Co., W. Va. ; he emigrated 
with his parents to Vermilion Co., 111., 
in the fall of 1829 ; in the spring of 



1836, they came to Lee Co., locating in 
Van Buren Tp.; were the second family 
settling in the township, that of Mr. 
Josiah Roberts the first, who located the 
year previous ; this was then a wilder- 
ness, with few settlers, but many red 
men of the forest ; Mr. Henkle laid his 
claim the same year of his arrival, upon 
a part of the land he still owns. Feb. 
21, 1839, he married Miss Martha Mc- 
Greer, of Harrison Tp., Lee Co. ; she 
was born Feb. 13, 1821, in Fayette 
Co., Ind. The year of his marriage, he 
built a cabin upon his claim ; Nov. 11, 
1848, his wife died, leaving three small 
children, one an infant, which soon fol- 
lowed the mother. Dec. 31, 1848, he 
married Sarah McGreer, sister of his 
first wife, who was born Feb. 5, 1826, in 
Fayette Co., Ind. His children by his 
first wife are Anna, born Jan. 12, 1840 ; 
John, Nov. 29, 1843, and lost one 
infant; by his second wife — Mary J., 
born Oct. 9, 1849 ; Albert, June 23, 
1853, and Washington L., Oct. 20, 
1864. His son John was in Co. A, 
1st I. V. C. Mr. Henkle is one of the 
leading farmers in this township ; has 
served as Justice of the Peace eight 
years ; also as Trustee frequently. Is 
a firm believer in revealed religion ; 
first belonged to the Cumberland Pres- 
byterian Church, and, upon the break- 
ing up of their Church here, united 
with the M. E. Church, but subse- 
quently withdrew from them ; is Re- 
publican in politics. Mr. Henkle's 
portrait will be found elsewhere in this 
work. 

Herron, David, far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Warren. 

Higgins, Ebenezer. 

Hohe, Philip, far., S. 13; P. 0. Warren. 

Holdefer, John, far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Warren. 

Holmes, P. P., far. ; P. 0. Croton. 

JOHNSON, C. C, far., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
Belfast. 
Johnson, David, far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Croton. 
Johnson, John G. 

Johnson, William G., farmer and Baptist 
Minister, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Belfast. 

KELLOGG, E. B., far., Sec. 22 ; P. 
0. Croton. 
Klinesmith, Wilson, far. ; P. 0. Ci'oton. 
Knapp, Clark, far., S. 2 : P. 0. Warren. 
Kneeland, John S., far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 
Crotot). 



886 



m RECTORY OF LEE COUNTY 



T AUTERBACH. J. (,. 

Leasure. Jolm, t'anuor; P.O. Croton. 
Loievor, J. \V.. retired tuoreluuit ; P. 0. 

Civton. 
Luvas, John, t'annor and ooopor : V. 0. 

Croton. 

MoKAlG. JOHN 8.. tar.. Soo. 2-t : 
P. 0. Warron. 
MoPhei-son. 0. U.. tar.. 8. 4 ; P. Bel- 
fast. 

MATTHEWS. J. W.: P. 0. Bol- 

i'ast; dealer in general mdse., drugs, 
etc., also Postmaster and R. R. Station 
Agt.; born Sept. 27. 1834:, in Chester 
Co., Pennsylvania ; his mother died 
while he was a small boy ; at the aije of 
13 he went to live with an unele at 
Lombardville. Md.. and engaged as 
clerk in a general store; in 1852, he 
went to Apple Grove, York Co., Penu.. 
engaged as a clerk in a general store 
with his father, then commenced bixsi- 
ness for himself in same county. June 
20, 1855, he married xMary A. Healey, 
of liartford Co.. Md.; she was born 
Jan. 19, 183G, in Maryland; in the tall 
of 1855, he removed to Hartford Co.. 
Md.; continued mercantile business till 
1862, when he started for Idaho, 
shipped his goods, and they were burned 
while in transit from Philadelphia to 
Omaha; went with family to Salt Lake 
City, engaged in the transportation of 
provisions, groceries, etc., to Idaho to 
supply minei-s. In the fall of 1864, 
came to Council Blutfs, engaged in 
mercantile business till the tall of 1865: 
moved to Pittstield, Pike Co., Ill; acted 
as assistant Postmaster till the next tail. 
of 1866 ; came to Warsaw. Ill, and en- 
gaged in mercantile business till in the 
winter of 1867 ; moved to Keokuk and 
engaged as book-keeper for Snow & 
Huber and for their successoi-s nearly 
four years, atler that as book-keeper for 
J. H. Green, a grain-dealer, two years ; 
at>er, purchased the grocery stock of W. 
R. Mooney ; moved to Sand Prairie ; in 
July, 1873. came to Belfast, thou being 
only a tlag station, obtained permission 
from the company to build his store 
near the railroad track, which serves as 
depot, store and post office since ; has 
secured sis lots and built his residence ; 
on his arrival here he procured the es- 



I tablishment of the post office and w:is 
appointed Pusttnastcr, was also ap- 
pointed station and express agent, 
which he still holds. His children are 
John A.. Mary K.. Florence E., Wilson 
and Eddie ; lost one son, Albert. Re- 
jniblican. 
Mathews. P. M.. far.. Sec. 2; P.O.Warren. 
MIl.liAKD. JAMES F., farmer 
and stock-raiser. Sec. 1 ; P. O.SVarren; 
makes a specialty of short-horn stock ; 
son of Eli and Pha>be A. ^^ Foster^ 
Millard ; was born April 25, 1847. in this 
county ; he is one of a tamily of six 
children, three now living; two sisters, 
Nellie P. and Emma R., the latter being- 
married to David McCulloch : parents 
emigrated from Hartford Co.. Conn., to 
Lee Co., Iowa, in the fall of 1838, and 
located upon the tarm now occupied by 
himself and mother, which contains 240 
acres, valued at S40 per acre. His 
tather, Eli Millard, was among the early 
settlers of A'an Bureu Tp. ; a zealous 
worker in the Congregational Church, 
having served as Deacon the last ten 
years of his life ; he died JMarch 12, 
1 864. James F. married Eliza Wesson, 
daughter of Jack and Rebecca Wesson, 
of Kei>kuk, April 10, 1878 ; she was 
born April 9, 1849, in this county, her 
father being a native of Virginia, and 
her mother of Pennsylvania. Member 
Congregational Church ; Republican. 

Moline. Gustaf 

3Iorrisey, ^Michael, farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 
Warren. 

3Iorrisey, Patrick, farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. O. 
Warren. 

Clover, John C, farmer : P. 0. Belfast. 

MuVphy. T. R., farmer; P. 0. Warren. 

O'CONNOR, DANIEL, ttirmer, Sec. 
24 ; P. O, Warren. 
O'Niel, Jasper, far.. Sec. 29 : P. 0. Croton. 
0"Niel. William. 

PALMER. SAMUEL, farmer. Sec. 12 ; 
P. 0. AVarren. 
Pai-sons, H. J., tar., S. 26; P. 0. Belfast. 
Phillips, Asa, far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Croton. 
Piersou. Henry, Sr., far.. Sec. 33 ; P, 0. 
Croton. 

RASMUSSON, RASMUS, farmer, 
P. 0. Belfast. 
Read, Nelson, tlir.; P. 0. Croton. 
Reidy, John, tar., Sec. 24; P. 0. Warren. 
Reiter. L. F., f\vr., S. 15 ; P. 0. Warren. 



VAN ItUKKN TOWNSmi'. 



887 



lu'.itz, llnnry, liir.; V. (). Orotdii. 

iJitchic, James, Sr., fur., Hec. "M ; T. (). 
VViirren. 

i;iU"hi(^ Hobcrl, liir., 8. HC ; T. (). Hclfiist. 

Kouere, I). M. 

Knl.o, .Idlin (i., Car., 8. ::! I ; P.O. Warren. 

Kuble, 'rii(i(i(l(irc, ILslu'rinan, Ooton. 

C1AN1)EH8, WlJJilAM, lar., 8oo. 25; 

to P.O. Ikllkst. 

8a!tsj4}ivor, 8ainucl, nienjhant, Crotctn. 

8t-(itt, John. 

8ct)i, Jacob, fur.; I*. 0. Croton. 

8li('i,c,r(l. William, 8r., far., Sec. 2(i ; P. O. 
Wjirn;!!. 

8ini(ins, Henry, far., 8ec. 14 ; V. 0. 
VVarri'ii. 

SMITII, JO^»l<]PII, far., 8ec. I; 
P. O. Warren; owtih I4() acres of land, 
valued at $?>{) per acre ; he was born 
Dec. 14, 181(i, in Bavaria, (Jerniatiy. 
In 1834, euii<j;rafced with parents to the 
United States, landed at Baltimore, 
Sept. 'd ; went to Washington, Washing- 
ton (:0., Penn., where he engug(!d in shoe- 
iriakirig ; was well acijuainted with 
James G. Blaine, who was then a school 
boy, and a general favoiite with all who 
knew him. Mr. Smitli married Miss 
Henrietta Wittich Jan. 17, 188!) ; she 
was born April 25, 181(J, in Hesse (Jas- 
sel, (jiermany ; her parents came to 
Washington Co., Penn., in 18:58. Mr. 
Smith emigrated to Charleston Tp., this 
county, in the spring of 185'!:, and com- 
menced farming for the first in his life. 
In February, 18()!), he came on to his 
present lurm. Their living children are 
John W., Il(tnrietta C, Mary E., Ito- 



sanna W., Hannah L., Fred(!rick W., 
SanMKfl B., riennie O. and Jenn<!tte W. 
S. ; lost one daughtcir, Agruss, who Wiis 
the wile of .lohn I). And(!rson, <li(^il 
Dec. 2!», 18(;8 ; their son John W., (un- 
listed in Co. A, 1st I. V. ()., June, 
18(11 ; re-enlisted in I8()4; served 
through the war, but in the latter part 
of the service, lost his health whiht in 
Texas, reached home barely alive, but by 
the best of care he was saved. Mr. 
Smith has fre(|uently served as juror in. 
the county courts. School Director, and 
a former member of the M. K. (yhur(;h. 
Republi<-an. 

Starr, -lamtis S., far.. Sec. ;>2 ; I*. O. (Jr(»ton. 

Starr, .lohn B., far.. Sec. ;>;5 ; P. O. (Jroton. 

Surena, Philiji, far.. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Croton. 

Sw(!aringen, <i(,'orge (>., far.; P. O. P'arm- 
ington. 

TAYLOR, FRANKLIN. far., Sec. 27 ; 
P. O. Croton. 
Taylor, Marion, far. ; P. O. (Proton. 
Thorp, Joshua J., far.; P. 0. (Jroton. 

HN B., far.. Sec. 



y TNDI^MIWOOD, JOI 

U 21 ; p. 0. Croton. 



WALLINdFORD, JOHN, far. Sec. 
15; P. (). Warren. 
Warner, Jacob, Sr., far., Sec. 19; P.O. 

Croton. 
Wat(!rnian, John, far.. Sec. 28; P. O. 

(Jroton. 
Watts, l^]lihu, far.; P. O. Croton. 
Watts, John, far.. Sec. IJ;} ; P. 0. Croton. 
Wendt, Henry, far.. Sec. 10; P. 0. 

Warren. 
With row, H. R., fur., Sec. 28; P. O 

Croton. 



E R R ATU m. 

Valencourt '' Vanorsdal," page 715, should he Van Ausdal. 




L5Je?9 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




016 086 622 6, 







